| Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. A stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous waste, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to fertilisers. Around 70% of ammonia produced industrially is used to make fertilisers in various forms and composition, such as urea and diammonium phosphate. Ammonia in pure form is also applied directly into the soil.
Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many chemicals.
Ammonia occurs in nature and has been detected in the interstellar medium. In many countries, it is classified as an extremely hazardous substance.
Ammonia is toxic, causing damage to cells and tissues. For this reason it is excreted by most animals in the urine, in the form of dissolved urea.
Ammonia is produced biologically in a process called nitrogen fixation, but even more is generated industrially by the Haber process. The process helped revolutionize agriculture by providing cheap fertilizers. The global industrial production of ammonia in 2021 was 235 million tonnes. Industrial ammonia is transported by road in tankers, by rail in tank wagons, by sea in gas carriers, or in cylinders.
Ammonia boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressure of one atmosphere, but the liquid can often be handled in the laboratory without external cooling. Household ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a solution of ammonia in water. |
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InChI=1S/C21H38N.ClH/c1- 2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-16-19-22-20-17-15-18-21-22;/h15,17-18,20-21H,2-14,16,19H2,1H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 |
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surfactant
A substance which lowers the surface tension of the medium in which it is dissolved, and/or the interfacial tension with other phases, and, accordingly, is positively adsorbed at the liquid/vapour and/or at other interfaces.
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antiseptic drug
A substance used locally on humans and other animals to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity (cf. disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects, and antibiotics, which can be transported through the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria within the body).
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
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1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride
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cetylpyridinii chloridum
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WHO MedNet
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cetylpyridinium chloride
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WHO MedNet
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chlorure de cétylpyridinium
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WHO MedNet
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cloruro de cetilpiridinio
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WHO MedNet
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1-cetylpyridinium chloride
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ChemIDplus
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1-palmitylpyridinium chloride
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ChemIDplus
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cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
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ChemIDplus
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hexadecylpyridinium chloride
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ChemIDplus
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N-cetylpyridinium chloride
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ChemIDplus
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N-hexadecylpyridinium chloride
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ChemIDplus
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123-03-5
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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33016
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Gmelin Registry Number
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Gmelin
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3578606
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Beilstein Registry Number
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Beilstein
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