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| Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol or polyphenol and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or when the plant is under attack by pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi. Sources of resveratrol in food include the skin of grapes, blueberries, raspberries, mulberries, and peanuts.
Although commonly used as a dietary supplement and studied in laboratory models of human diseases, there is no high-quality evidence that resveratrol improves lifespan or has a substantial effect on any human disease.
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Read full article at Wikipedia
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| InChI=1S/C14H12O3/c15-12-5-3-10(4-6-12)1-2-11-7-13(16)9-14(17)8-11/h1-9,15-17H/b2-1+ |
| LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N |
| Oc1ccc(cc1)\C=C\c1cc(O)cc(O)c1 |
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Vitis vinifera
(NCBI:txid29760)
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See:
PubMed
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Arachis hypogaea
(NCBI:txid3818)
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Found in
seed
(BTO:0001226).
See:
PubMed
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antioxidant
A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
(via resveratrol )
radical scavenger
A role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals.
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plant metabolite
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
phytoalexin
A toxin made by a plant that acts against an organism attacking it.
(via resveratrol )
quorum sensing inhibitor
Any compound that interferes with bacterial communication (quorum sensing, QS).
glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
An inhibitor of any of the glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) proteins.
(via resveratrol )
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geroprotector
Any compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan.
(via resveratrol )
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
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5-[(1E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol
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(E)-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)-1,3-benzenediol
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ChemIDplus
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(E)-resveratrol
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ChEBI
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3,4',5-stilbenetriol
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ChemIDplus
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3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene
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MetaCyc
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3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene
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ChemIDplus
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3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene
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ChemIDplus
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5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)vinyl]benzene-1,3-diol
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PDBeChem
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RESVERATROL
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PDBeChem
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Resveratrol
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KEGG COMPOUND
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trans-resveratrol
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UniProt
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1912434
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Beilstein Registry Number
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Beilstein
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1912434
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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501-36-0
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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501-36-0
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CAS Registry Number
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NIST Chemistry WebBook
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Chen T, Sheng J, Fu Y, Li M, Wang J, Jia AQ (2017)
1H NMR-Based Global Metabolic Studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa upon Exposure of the Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Resveratrol.
Journal of proteome research 16, 824-830 [PubMed:28094526]
[show Abstract]
Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of bacterial communication that has been a novel target for drug discovery. Pyocyanin quantification assay confirmed that resveratrol was an effective quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. In this study, the global metabolite changes of P. aeruginosa PAO1 exposed to QSI resveratrol were investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A total of 40 metabolites containing amino acids, organic acid, organic amine, and energy storage compounds were identified. The changed metabolic profile indicated that resveratrol influenced pathways including oxidative stress, protein synthesis, and energy metabolism. Oxidative stress could upregulate the expression of genes related to QS in P. aeruginosa. It suggested that resveratrol could inhibit the QS systems in P. aeruginosa PAO1 by relieving oxidative stress due to its antioxidant activity. On the other hand, resveratrol could attenuate the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa PAO1 by disturbing the TCA cycle so that anaerobic respiration could suppress the virulence because anaerobiosis could induce the loss of cytotoxicity regulated by QS in P. aeruginosa. These findings deepened our comprehending of the metabolic responses of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to resveratrol and pinpointed the possible underlying mechanism of resveratrol's inhibition effect on QS in P. aeruginosa PAO1. | Chirumbolo S (2015)
Resveratrol in spermatogenesis.
Cell biology international 39, 775-776 [PubMed:25684680] | Wang JF, Ma L, Xi HF, Wang LJ, Li SH (2015)
Resveratrol synthesis under natural conditions and after UV-C irradiation in berry skin is associated with berry development stages in 'Beihong' (V. vinifera×V. amurensis).
Food chemistry 168, 430-438 [PubMed:25172731]
[show Abstract]
Though UV-C irradiation may induce the synthesis of resveratrol in grape berry skins, it is unclear which developmental stage is most sensitive to UV-C induction. In this study, we investigated resveratrol content and gene expression of 'Beihong' (Vitisvinifera×Vitisamurensis) berries by UV-C irradiation compared with under natural conditions during different developmental stages. Under natural condition, resveratrol synthesis was related to veraison. Before veraison, resveratrol content was very low; however, total resveratrol increased about 500% from veraison to maturity in the main forms of piceids. UV-C irradiation significantly stimulated resveratrol synthesis, mainly in the form of trans-resveratrol. Young berries at 55days after anthesis were most sensitive to UV-C irradiation, the total resveratrol in the skin of UV-C irradiated berry is about 90 times higher than that of the control; however, resveratrol synthesis subsequently declined, which may be attributed to STS regulation by Myb14. | Zhao X, Ma F, Li P, Li G, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Wang X (2015)
Simultaneous determination of isoflavones and resveratrols for adulteration detection of soybean and peanut oils by mixed-mode SPE LC-MS/MS.
Food chemistry 176, 465-471 [PubMed:25624257]
[show Abstract]
To ensure authenticity of vegetable oils, isoflavones (genistein, genistin, daidzein and daidzin) and resveratrols (cis-resveratrol and trans-resveratrol) were selected as the putative markers for adulteration of soybean and peanut oils. Firstly, mixed mode solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (mixed-mode SPE LC-MS/MS) method was developed to analyze isoflavones and resveratrols in vegetable oils. The concentration of marker compounds in vegetable oils were 0.08-1.47mgkg(-1) for daidzein, ND-78.9μgkg(-1) for daidzin, 0.40-5.89mgkg(-1) for genistein, 1.2-114.9μgkg(-1) for genistin, 3.1-85.0μgkg(-1) for trans-resveratrol and 1.9-51.0μgkg(-1) for cis-resveratrol, which are compatible with the raw materials for oil press. Additionally, the applicability of this method has been successfully tested in thirteen vegetable oils from the market. Mixed-mode SPE LC-MS/MS method can simultaneously detect isoflavones and resveratrols in vegetable oils and assess adulteration and quality of soybean and peanut oils. | Zhao Y, Shi M, Ye JH, Zheng XQ, Lu JL, Liang YR (2015)
Photo-induced chemical reaction of trans-resveratrol.
Food chemistry 171, 137-143 [PubMed:25308653]
[show Abstract]
Photo-induced chemical reaction of trans-resveratrol has been studied. UV B, liquid state and sufficient exposure time are essential conditions to the photochemical change of trans-resveratrol. Three principal compounds, cis-resveratrol, 2,4,6-phenanthrenetriol and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-benzofurandione, were successively generated in the reaction solution of trans-resveratrol (0.25 mM, 100% ethanol) under 100 μW cm(-2) UV B radiation for 4h. cis-Resveratrol, originated from isomerization of trans-resveratrol, resulted in 2,4,6-phenanthrenetriol through photocyclisation reaction meanwhile loss of 2 H. 2,4,6-Phenanthrenetriol played a role of photosensitizer producing singlet oxygen in the reaction pathway. The singlet oxygen triggered [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of trans-resveratrol, and then resulted in the generation of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-benzofurandione through photorearrangement and oxidation reaction. The singlet oxygen reaction was closely related to the substrate concentration of trans-resveratrol in solution. | Ma F, Li P, Zhang Q, Yu L, Zhang L (2015)
Rapid determination of trans-resveratrol in vegetable oils using magnetic hydrophilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes as adsorbents followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Food chemistry 178, 259-266 [PubMed:25704710]
[show Abstract]
In the present work, a rapid and simple procedure was developed and validated for the analysis of trans-resveratrol in vegetable oils based on magnetic hydrophilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (h-MWCNT-MNPs) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). h-MWCNT-MNPs were simply obtained by wrapping amine-functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles into previously oxidized hydrophilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The major parameters affecting extraction efficiency were investigated, including the type and volume of desorption solvents, extraction and desorption time, washing solution, and sorbent amount. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 0.6 and 2.0 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of trans-resveratrol in oil samples were in the range of 90.0-110.0% with RSDs of less than 17.5%. The results showed that only peanut oil contained trans-resveratrol, ranging from 8 ± 1 to 103 ± 12 μg/kg. The proposed method is reliable and robust, having an excellent potential for the analysis of trans-resveratrol in edible oils. | Freitas JV, Praça FS, Bentley MV, Gaspar LR (2015)
Trans-resveratrol and beta-carotene from sunscreens penetrate viable skin layers and reduce cutaneous penetration of UV-filters.
International journal of pharmaceutics 484, 131-137 [PubMed:25724133]
[show Abstract]
Cutaneous permeation is a critical parameter when topical application of sunscreens containing antioxidants is considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cutaneous penetration of most marketed UV-filters combined with trans-resveratrol (RES) and beta-carotene (BTC) since few studies report skin penetration when such compounds are applied. Formulations containing octocrylene, octyl methoxycinnamate, avobenzone and bemotrizinole were prepared and supplemented or not with BTC, or with RES, or with both compounds in combination. Penetration studies were performed using Franz vertical diffusion cells and porcine ear skin as the biological membrane. The quantification of UV-filters and antioxidants in the stratum corneum (SC), viable epidermis plus dermis and receptor fluid was performed by HPLC. Results suggested that UV-filters and antioxidants did not permeate the skin but were retained for 12h post application. About 90% and 80%, respectively, of the total penetrated amount of UV-filters and antioxidants was found in the SC. Interestingly, it was observed that BTC, alone or combined with RES, reduced the skin retention of UV-filters on average by 63%. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the combination of antioxidants and UV-filters in sunscreens is advantageous for cutaneous penetration, since BTC and BTC+RES improved sunscreen safety by reducing delivery of the four UV-filters in the study into SC and viable epidermis. | Biagi M, Bertelli AA (2015)
Wine, alcohol and pills: What future for the French paradox?
Life sciences 131, 19-22 [PubMed:25841977]
[show Abstract]
The present review discusses the acquisitions obtained to date on the subject of wine consumption, health and cardiovascular protection. We distinguished the cardiovascular effects related to the consumption of wine and other alcoholic beverages focusing on non-alcoholic wine fraction: polyphenols and especially resveratrol. In the second part of the review we have addressed the issue of resveratrol bioavailability and the importance of wine matrix and phytocomplex highlighting the biological effects that can be obtained with nutraceuticals and resveratrol pills compared to the daily consumption of a glass of red wine. | Chen L, Yang S, Zumbrun EE, Guan H, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M (2015)
Resveratrol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing inflammation driven by macrophages.
Molecular nutrition & food research 59, 853-864 [PubMed:25643926]
[show Abstract]
ScopeAcute kidney injury (AKI) is the most frequent and serious complication in sepsis, a potentially deadly inflammatory response induced by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. LPS-induced AKI is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response, including renal endothelial dysfunction and renal inflammation. Resveratrol, a natural phytoalexin with low toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties, is known to protect endothelial cells and modulate the immune response in sepsis.Methods and resultsThis study investigates the potential protective effects of resveratrol on AKI induced by LPS exposure of mice. Resveratrol was administered as a pre- and posttreatment, or as a posttreatment alone following LPS injection and compared to control groups. Resveratrol significantly improved kidney function and lowered serum and kidney tissue inflammatory cytokine levels. Consistently, resveratrol prevented endotoxin-induced disruption of endothelial cell permeability and inhibited inflammation of kidney tissue. Resveratrol treatment attenuated the effects of LPS on macrophages, with significant inhibition of activation, cytokine release, and Toll-like receptor 4 activation. Resveratrol treatment also resulted in decreased expression of iNOS, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL in macrophages, which was linked with induction of apoptosis in macrophages.ConclusionOur studies suggest that resveratrol might represent a novel therapeutic agent to prevent and treat sepsis-induced AKI. | Pang C, Cao L, Wu F, Wang L, Wang G, Yu Y, Zhang M, Chen L, Wang W, Lv W, Chen L, Zhu J, Pan J, Zhang H, Xu Y, Ding L (2015)
The effect of trans-resveratrol on post-stroke depression via regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Neuropharmacology 97, 447-456 [PubMed:25937213]
[show Abstract]
Post-stroke depression (PSD) occurs about 40% among all stroke survivors, but the effective pharmacotherapy is inadequately understood. The present study investigated the effects of a natural polyphenol trans-resveratrol (RES) on behavioral changes after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and examined what its molecular targets may be. RES was shown to decrease the infarct size and neurological scores after MCAO, suggesting the amelioration of brain damage and motor activity. RES also reversed the depressive-like behaviors 13 days after MCAO, both in the forced swimming and sucrose consumption tests. Moreover, MCAO-induced series abnormalities related to depressive-like behaviors, such as an abnormal adrenal gland weight to body weight ratio, an increased expression of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus, the differential expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in these three brain regions, and a decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level, were ameliorated after treatment with increasing doses of RES at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg via gavage. These findings provide compelling evidence that RES protects the brain against focal cerebral ischemia-induced injury, but most of all is its antidepressant-like effect on PSD, which might at least in part be mediated by regulation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function. | Heebøll S, Thomsen KL, Clouston A, Sundelin EI, Radko Y, Christensen LP, Ramezani-Moghadam M, Kreutzfeldt M, Pedersen SB, Jessen N, Hebbard L, George J, Grønbæk H (2015)
Effect of resveratrol on experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Pharmacological research 95-96, 34-41 [PubMed:25814186]
[show Abstract]
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are increasing clinical problems for which effective treatments are required. The polyphenol resveratrol prevents the development of fatty liver disease in a number of experimental studies. We hypothesized that it could revert steatohepatitis, including hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, in an experimental NASH model. To induce hepatic steatohepatitis, a 65% fat, 2% cholesterol and 0.5% cholate (HFC) diet was fed to rats for 1 or 16 weeks, prior to treatment. Subsequently, the diet was supplemented with resveratrol (approx. 100mg/rat/day) to three intervention groups; week 2-4, 2-7 or 17-22. Treated animals were sacrificed at the end of each intervention period with appropriate control and HFC diet controls. Blood and liver were harvested for analysis. When commenced early, resveratrol treatment partially mitigated transaminase elevations, hepatic enlargement and TNFα induced protein-3 protein expression, but generally resveratrol treatment had no effect on elevated hepatic triglyceride levels, histological steatohepatitis or fibrosis. We observed a slight reduction in Collagen1α1 mRNA expression and no reduction in the mRNA expression of other markers of fibrosis, inflammation or steatosis (TGFβ, TNFα, α2-MG, or SREBP-1c). Resveratrol metabolites were detected in serum, including trans-resveratrol-3-O-sulphate/trans-resveratrol-4'-O-sulphate (mean concentration 7.9 μg/ml). Contrary to the findings in experimental steatosis, resveratrol treatment had no consistent therapeutic effect in alleviating manifest experimental steatohepatitis. | Etxeberria U, Arias N, Boqué N, Macarulla MT, Portillo MP, Martínez JA, Milagro FI (2015)
Reshaping faecal gut microbiota composition by the intake of trans-resveratrol and quercetin in high-fat sucrose diet-fed rats.
The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 26, 651-660 [PubMed:25762527]
[show Abstract]
Diet-induced obesity is associated to an imbalance in the normal gut microbiota composition. Resveratrol and quercetin, widely known for their health beneficial properties, have low bioavailability, and when they reach the colon, they are targets of the gut microbial ecosystem. Hence, the use of these molecules in obesity might be considered as a potential strategy to modulate intestinal bacterial composition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether trans-resveratrol and quercetin administration could counteract gut microbiota dysbiosis produced by high-fat sucrose diet (HFS) and, in turn, improve gut health. Wistar rats were randomised into four groups fed an HFS diet supplemented or not with trans-resveratrol [15 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day], quercetin (30 mg/kg BW/day) or a combination of both polyphenols at those doses. Administration of both polyphenols together prevented body weight gain and reduced serum insulin levels. Moreover, individual supplementation of trans-resveratrol and quercetin effectively reduced serum insulin levels and insulin resistance. Quercetin supplementation generated a great impact on gut microbiota composition at different taxonomic levels, attenuating Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and inhibiting the growth of bacterial species previously associated to diet-induced obesity (Erysipelotrichaceae, Bacillus, Eubacterium cylindroides). Overall, the administration of quercetin was found to be effective in lessening HFS-diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. In contrast, trans-resveratrol supplementation alone or in combination with quercetin scarcely modified the profile of gut bacteria but acted at the intestinal level, altering the mRNA expression of tight-junction proteins and inflammation-associated genes. | Sales JM, Resurreccion AV (2014)
Resveratrol in peanuts.
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 54, 734-770 [PubMed:24345046]
[show Abstract]
Peanuts are important dietary food source of resveratrol with potent antioxidant properties implicated in reducing risk of cancer, cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease, and delaying aging. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbene phytoalexin phenolic compound produced in response to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. This paper is a review of trans-resveratrol and related stilbenes from peanuts--their chemical structures, mechanisms for their biosynthesis, and concentrations in comparison with other major food sources. It will also discuss trans-resveratrol's absorption, bioavailability, and major health benefits; processes to enhance their biosynthesis in peanuts by biotic and abiotic stresses; process optimization for enhanced levels in peanuts and their potential food applications; and methods used for its extraction and analysis. | Francioso A, Mastromarino P, Restignoli R, Boffi A, d'Erme M, Mosca L (2014)
Improved stability of trans-resveratrol in aqueous solutions by carboxymethylated (1,3/1,6)-β-D-glucan.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 62, 1520-1525 [PubMed:24467639]
[show Abstract]
Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound endowed with multiple health benefits. However, its limited bioavailability and poor stability in solution hamper its use in pharmaceutical applications. Due to its low solubility in water, solvents such as ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide are often used to dissolve resveratrol. However, these solvents have adverse effects on cultured cells or in vivo. The purpose of this study was to develop an aqueous liquid formulation of resveratrol in combination with a modified glucan, the carboxymethylated (1,3/1,6)-β-D-glucan (CM-glucan). The proposed liquid formulation conferred stability to resveratrol without affecting its antioxidant capability. Shelf-life measurements revealed that resveratrol in aqueous solution is degraded within a few weeks, due to spontaneous oxidation. In contrast, the combination with CM-glucan matrix exerted a strong stabilizing effect in aqueous medium and increased resveratrol stability up to 12 months at 25 °C. These data provide evidence of a stable resveratrol formulation in liquid suspensions and support the possible development of pharmaceutical applications of this association in biopharmaceutics and drug delivery. | Dudley J, Das S, Mukherjee S, Das DK (2009)
Resveratrol, a unique phytoalexin present in red wine, delivers either survival signal or death signal to the ischemic myocardium depending on dose.
The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 20, 443-452 [PubMed:18789672]
[show Abstract]
Recent studies have demonstrated the cardioprotective abilities of resveratrol, a polyphenolic antioxidant present in red wine. Resveratrol can also kill cancer cells at relatively higher doses by exerting a death signal. We reasoned that resveratrol might possess the ability to protect the cells at lower doses as observed during pharmacological preconditioning of the heart, while at higher doses cause cell death as found for cancer cells. To test this hypothesis, rats were randomly fed for 14 days by gavaging any of the four doses of resveratrol - 2.5, 5.0, 25 or 50 mg/kg - while vehicle-fed animals served as placebo control. After 14 days, isolated working hearts were prepared from both experimental and control animals, and the hearts were subjected to 30-min global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The rats fed either 2.5 or 5 mg/kg dose of resveratrol for 14 days provided cardioprotection as evidenced by improved post-ischemic ventricular recovery and reduction of myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared to control. In contrast, the hearts fed either 25 or 50 mg/kg dose of resveratrol depressed cardiac function and increased myocardial infarct size and number of apoptotic cells. The results for Western blots and RT-PCR demonstrated an increase of protein and RNA transcripts of redox proteins including thioredoxin (Trx)-1, Trx-2, glutaredoxin (Grx)-1, Grx-2, redox factor Ref-1 as well as redox-sensitive transcription factor NFkappaB, and survival factors such as phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt), and Bcl-2 in the animals fed lower doses (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) of resveratrol, while the reverse was true for the animals fed higher doses (25 and 50 mg/kg) of resveratrol. The results thus indicate that at lower doses (2.5 or 5 mg/kg), resveratrol exerts survival signal by up-regulating anti-apoptotic and redox proteins Akt and Bcl-2, while at higher doses (>25 mg/kg), it potentiates a death signal by down-regulating redox proteins and up-regulating pro-apoptotic proteins. | Anekonda TS, Adamus G (2008)
Resveratrol prevents antibody-induced apoptotic death of retinal cells through upregulation of Sirt1 and Ku70.
BMC research notes 1, 122 [PubMed:19046449]
[show Abstract]
BackgroundTo determine whether resveratrol, a natural plant-derived drug, has protective effects against antibody-induced apoptosis of retinal cells in vitro and to provide insights on the mechanism of resveratrol protection.FindingsE1A.NR3 retinal cells pretreated with 40 muM resveratrol were grown in the presence of anti-recoverin (Rec-1), anti-enolase (Enol-1) antibodies, and normal purified immunoglobulins. When the cells were exposed to resveratrol before treatment with Enol-1 or Rec-1 antibodies, 30-55% more cells survived compared to the resveratrol-untreated cells. Western blotting showed a reduction in proapoptotic protein Bax in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of resveratrol-treated cells. Resveratrol-pretreated cells also showed a significant decrease in intracellular calcium and an inhibition of caspase-3 activity as compared to the untreated cells. Sirt1 expression was greatly reduced in the cells grown in the presence of Rec-1 and Enol-1, but it increased about five times in the resveratrol-pretreated cells. Immunocytochemistry revealed that Sirt1 expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus was colocalized with Ku70 expression in resveratrol-treated cells, suggesting possible interaction with each other in the cell. The pattern of the Ku70 cellular localization also overlapped with the Bax cellular localization in treated and untreated cells.ConclusionIn vitro protection of retinal cells from apoptosis by resveratrol occurred through multiple early molecular events, such as reduction of intracellular calcium levels, down-regulation of Bax, up-regulation of Sirt1 and Ku70 activities, and inhibition of caspase-3 activity. These findings will help designing future in vivo and pre-clinical treatments for autoimmune retinopathies. | Rubiolo JA, Mithieux G, Vega FV (2008)
Resveratrol protects primary rat hepatocytes against oxidative stress damage: activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor and augmented activities of antioxidant enzymes.
European journal of pharmacology 591, 66-72 [PubMed:18616940]
[show Abstract]
Oxidative stress is recognized as an important factor in the development of liver pathologies. The reactive oxygen species endogenously generated or as a consequence of xenobiotic metabolism are eliminated by enzymatic and nonenzymatic cellular systems. Besides endogen defences, the antioxidant consumption in the diet has an important role in the protection against the development of diseases product of oxidative damage. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring compound which is part of the human diet. This molecule has been shown to have many biological properties, including antioxidant activity. We decided to test if resveratrol could protect primary hepatocytes in culture from oxidative stress damage and if so, to determine if this compound affects the cellular detoxifying systems and their regulation through the Nrf2 transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes. Cell death by necrosis was detected by measuring the activity of lactate dehydrogenase liberated to the medium. The activities of antioxidant and phase II enzymes were measured using previously described methods. Activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor was studied by confocal microscopy and the Nrf2 and its coding mRNA levels were determined by western blot and quantitative PCR respectively. Resveratrol pre-treatment effectively protected hepatocytes in culture exposed to oxidative stress, increasing the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase and glutathione-S-transferase. Resveratrol increases the level of Nrf2 and induces its translocation to the nucleus. Also, it increases the concentration of the coding mRNA for Nrf2. In this work we show that resveratrol could be a useful drug for the protection of liver cells from oxidative stress induced damage. | Kirimlioglu V, Sozen H, Turkoglu S, Haberal M (2008)
Protective effect of resveratrol, a red wine constituent polyphenol, on rats subjected to portal vein thrombosis.
Transplantation proceedings 40, 290-292 [PubMed:18261608]
[show Abstract]
This experimental study investigated the prophylactic effects of the antioxidant and antiaggregant compound resveratrol (R) on portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in rats. Thirty rats weighing 200- 250 g were distributed in 3 groups: Group A (n = 10) and underwent PVT+R, Group B (n = 10) PVT alone, and Group C (n = 10) were subjected to a sham operation. Group A rats received R (60 mg/d per naso-gastric tube) for 10 days before PVT. Concerning antioxidant status, statistically significant increases in both tissue and plasma levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in the PVT+R group compared with the PVT group (P < .001 for all). Comparison of these parameters with those of the sham group revealed significantly higher tissue and plasma levels of GSH and low MDA levels among the sham-operated group when compared with to the PVT+R or PVT groups (P < .001 for all). Concerning the antiaggregant status, significant increases of c-AMP levels were detected in rats treated with R before experiencing PVT (P < .001). Cyclic AMP levels in the sham group were significantly higher than those of either the PVT or PVT+R groups (P < .001). One may advise patients undergoing liver transplantation and carrying certain cardiovascular disease risk factors to ingest foods containing R to minimize PVT. | Gedik E, Girgin S, Ozturk H, Obay BD, Ozturk H, Buyukbayram H (2008)
Resveratrol attenuates oxidative stress and histological alterations induced by liver ischemia/reperfusion in rats.
World journal of gastroenterology 14, 7101-7106 [PubMed:19084917]
[show Abstract]
AimTo investigate the effects of resveratrol on liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.MethodsA total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240-290 g were randomized into four groups of ten: (1) controls: data from unmanipulated animals; (2) sham group: rats subjected to the surgical procedure, except for liver I/R, and given saline; (3) I/R group: rats underwent liver ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 45 min; (4) I-R/Resveratrol group: rats pretreated with resveratrol (10 micromol/L, iv). Liver tissues were obtained to determine antioxidant enzyme levels and for biochemical and histological evaluation.ResultsPlasma aminotransferase activities were higher in the I/R group than in the I-R/Resveratrol group. Malondialdehyde levels and the hepatic injury score decreased, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased in group 4 compared to group 3. In group 4, histopathological changes were significantly attenuated in resveratrol-treated livers.ConclusionThese results suggest that resveratrol has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury, and is a potential therapeutic drug for ischemia reperfusion-related liver injury. | Bradamante S, Barenghi L, Villa A (2004)
Cardiovascular protective effects of resveratrol.
Cardiovascular drug reviews 22, 169-188 [PubMed:15492766]
[show Abstract]
Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a phytoalexin found in grape skins, peanuts, and red wine, has been reported to have a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. It has been speculated that at low doses (such as consumed in the common diet) resveratrol may have cardioprotective activity. In this article we describe recent in vitro and in vivo studies in animal models. The results of these studies suggest that resveratrol modulates vascular cell function, inhibits LDL oxidation, suppresses platelet aggregation and reduces myocardial damage during ischemia-reperfusion. Although the reported biological data indicate that resveratrol is a highly promising cardiovascular protective agent, more studies are needed to establish its bioavailability and in vivo cardioprotective effects, particularly in humans. | Stojanović S, Sprinz H, Brede O (2001)
Efficiency and mechanism of the antioxidant action of trans-resveratrol and its analogues in the radical liposome oxidation.
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 391, 79-89 [PubMed:11414688]
[show Abstract]
trans-Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a nonflavonoid polyphenol reported to exert different biological activities, among them inhibition of the lipid peroxidation, scavenging of the free radicals, inhibition of the platelet aggregation, and anticancer activity as the most important. In order to enlighten the radical-scavenging mechanism of trans-resveratrol, stationary gamma-radiolytic experiments in liposomes and pulse radiolytic experiments in aqueous solutions were performed. Applying the stationary gamma-radiolysis together with the subsequent product analysis, reactions of lipid peroxyl radicals, LOO*, with trans-resveratrol and other natural antioxidants were investigated. It was found that trans-resveratrol was a better radical scavenger than vitamins E and C but similar to the flavonoids epicatechin and quercetin. The comparison of the radical-scavenging effects of trans-resveratrol and its analogues trans-4-hydroxystilbene and trans-3,5-dihydroxystilbene revealed that trans-resveratrol and trans-4-hydroxystilbene showed almost the same effect and were more efficient than trans-3,5-dihydroxystilbene. These findings indicate greater radical-scavenging activity of trans-resveratrols para-hydroxyl group than its meta-hydroxyl groups. Using the pulse radiolysis, reactions of trans-resveratrol and its analogues with trichloromethylperoxyl radicals, CCl(3)OO*, were studied. Spectral and kinetic properties of the observed transients showed great similarity between trans-resveratrol and trans-4-hydroxystilbene which seems to confirm that para-hydroxyl group of trans-resveratrol scavenges free radicals more effectively than its meta-hydroxyl groups. | Wu JM, Wang ZR, Hsieh TC, Bruder JL, Zou JG, Huang YZ (2001)
Mechanism of cardioprotection by resveratrol, a phenolic antioxidant present in red wine (Review).
International journal of molecular medicine 8, 3-17 [PubMed:11408943]
[show Abstract]
Coronary heart disease (CHD) has been and remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The most common form of CHD in the western world is atherosclerosis (AS), especially of the major coronary arteries. Failure to maintain an intact endothelium, as a result of episodic and/or persistent injury and perturbation of the vascular endothelium, promotes formation of fatty streaks which are considered initiation events of AS. Cellular constituents contributing to endothelial injury include endothelial cells, monocytes, platelets, and smooth muscle cells. Individuals diagnosed with AS face complex, enduring clinical complications and enormous medical costs. Simple and easily compliant prevention and treatment measures are therefore strategic considerations in the management of this vascular disease. Based on known risk factors for CHD, priorities in AS prevention should include smoking cessation, blood pressure control, and diet modification. In recent years, the possible benefits of low to moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, particularly of red wine, in the prevention of heart disease has received increasing attention and debate in the popular media as well as in the scientific community. Such attention has been prompted by research findings supporting a relationship between red wine consumption and the French paradox. This phenomenon refers to people residing in certain parts of France where red wine is customarily consumed during meals having a low CHD mortality, despite living a lifestyle considered to have comparably high CHD risks, as those in the US and many other developed countries. Studies have reported that the cardioprotective effects of red wine are greater than those attributed solely to ethanol and other types of alcoholic beverages. The mechanism(s) underlying the greater CHD protective benefits of red wine have not been elucidated. Recently the polyphenol resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), known to be abundantly present in red wine, compared to white wine, beer, or spirits, has been demonstrated to elicit a broad spectrum of biological responses in in vitro and in animal studies, including effects that are compatible with the cardioprotective roles proposed for red wine. These recently described effects of resveratrol will be reviewed in this article. We will first summarize published data showing an inverse association between consumption of alcoholic beverages/red wine and risk of CHD. A review of biosynthesis of resveratrol and its presence in food groups and wines will follow. Recent studies relating exposure to wine/resveratrol with reduction in myocardial damage during ischemia-reperfusion, modulation of vascular cell functions, inhibition of LDL oxidation, and suppression of platelet aggregation will be presented. The last section of this review will focus on a discussion of mechanism(s) by which resveratrol acts as a potential cardioprotective agent. |
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