Definition:
The
anatomical cluster that is composed of the sclerites that are on the
postmental area.
written by: Popovici, O. A., I. Mikó, K. Seltmann, and A. R. Deans. 2012. The maxillo-labial complex in Sparasion (Platygastroidea: Platygastridae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research in prep.
Relationships / properties:
postmentum by Ronquist, F., and G. Nordlander. 1989. Skeletal morphology of an archaic cynipoid, Ibalia rufipes (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 33:1-60.
submentum by Curators, H. A. O. 2009. The Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology Curation Team. Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology.
postlabium by Vilhelmsen, L., and I. Miko. 2010. Curators/Head..
postlabium by Vilhelmsen, L. 1996. The preoral cavity of lower Hymenoptera (Insecta): comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance. Zoologica Scripta 25:143-170.
submentum by Matsuda, R. 1957. Morphology of the head of a sawfly, Macrophya pluricincta Norton (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 30:99-107.
submentum by Vilhelmsen, L. 1996. The preoral cavity of lower Hymenoptera (Insecta): comparative morphology and phylogenetic significance. Zoologica Scripta 25:143-170.
postmentum by Karlsson, D., and F. Ronquist. 2012. Skeletal Morphology of Opius dissitus and Biosteres carbonarius, with a Discussion of Terminology and Morphological Variation in Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). PLoS ONE 7:1-38.
postlabium by Michener, C. D. 1944. Comparative external morphology, phylogeny, and a classification of the bees (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 82:151-326.
submentum by Ross, H. H. 1937. A generic classification of the nearctic sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Illinois Biological Monographs 15:1-173.
postlabium by Eickwort. G. C. 1969. A comparative morphological study and generic revision of the
augochlorine bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Univ. Kans. Sci. BulL Vol. 48:
325-524.
alternative definition added over 11 years ago by Istvan Miko
The anatomical cluster that is composed of the sclerites that are located between the prementum and the hypostoma and serve as the site of origin of the postmento-premental muscle. In numerous Hymenoptera, even with well developed postmentum, the postmento-premental muscle is absent.
Reference:
None provided.
Cross reference:
None provided.
comment added over 12 years ago by Katja Seltmann
Submentum is implied in Goulet in Huber to = this definition because Goulet and Huber suggest that the mentum is often fused with the prementum. If this is the case, and the fusion is not observable, than the submentum would be located proximal to the prementum.
Reference: Goulet, H., and J. T. Huber. 1993. Hymenoptera of the World: An Identification Guide to Families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Publication 1894/E., Ottawa, ON 668 pp.
Cross reference:
None provided.
alternative definition added over 12 years ago by Kelly Dew
The sclerite that is located proximally to the prementum, and that serves as origin of the postmento-premental muscle.
Reference: Karlsson, D., and F. Ronquist. 2012. Skeletal Morphology of Opius dissitus and Biosteres carbonarius, with a Discussion of Terminology and Morphological Variation in Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). PLoS ONE 7:1-38.
Cross reference:
None provided.
comment added about 11 years ago by Istvan Miko
The postmental area is subdivided for mentum and submentum in Coleoptera and Orthopteroidea. This division is perhaps secondary for insects (Matsuda 1965: 272)
Reference: Miko, I. 2009. -2019 Curator. Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology.
Cross reference:
None provided.
comment added about 11 years ago by Istvan Miko
The postmentum, sensu this definition, is absent from numerous Hymenoptera where the postmental area is membraneous (conjunctiva lacking any sclerotised elements, i.e. sclerites):Cephalcia (in Rivard 1955), Arotes (in Pratt 1940), Stenobracon (in Alam 1951), Vespula (in Duncan 1939) and Vespa (Khalil and Habib 1969).
Reference: Miko, I. 2009. -2019 Curator. Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology.
Cross reference:
None provided.
alternative definition added over 14 years ago by Istvan Miko
The postlabium, or basal part of the labium proximal to the stipital region, or prementum; when sclerotized, containing either a single plate, or a distal mental plate and a proximal submental plate.
Reference: Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York & London 667 pp.
Cross reference:
None provided.
alternative definition added over 12 years ago by Katja Seltmann
postmentum is a large mostly membranous area proximal to the prementum.
Reference: Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York & London 667 pp.
Cross reference:
None provided.
comment added over 12 years ago by Katja Seltmann
snodgrass 1935 does not suggest that the postmentum and submentum are synonyms. It also state that the postmentum is largely membranous (not a sclerite). For this reason a separate class, with label postmentum is created.
Reference: Snodgrass, R. E. 1935. Principles of insect morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York & London 667 pp.
Cross reference:
None provided.
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