Céline Aubert Marié-Angélique Laporte Pier Luigi Buttigieg AgrO is an ontlogy for representing agronomic practices, techniques, variables and related entities Agronomy Ontology The Agronomy Ontology by CGIAR is licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label editor preferred term The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred term example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage in branch An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet. GROUP:OBI OBI_0000277 in branch has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot has curation status definition The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> alternative term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester is denotator type Relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type') Alan Ruttenberg is denotator type imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from expand expression to ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones Chris Mungall expand expression to expand assertion to ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom. Chris Mungall expand assertion to first order logic expression PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg first order logic expression antisymmetric property part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true Use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property Alan Ruttenberg antisymmetric property OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label has ID digit count Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID digit count has ID range allocated Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300] Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID range allocated to has ID policy for Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID policy for has ID prefix Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created. Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID prefix elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) is allocated id range Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999" PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology is allocated id range retired from use as of relates a class of CRID to the date after which further instances should not be made, according to the central authority In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange xsd:dateTimeStamp Alan Ruttenberg retired from use as of has ontology root term Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root. Nicolas Matentzoglu has ontology root term may be identical to A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged. David Osumi-Sutherland #40 VFB Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance. may be identical to scheduled for obsoletion on or after Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date. Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15532 https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/32 GO ontology scheduled for obsoletion on or after has axiom id Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI has axiom label term replaced by Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 plant_ontology part_of part_of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 plant_ontology has_part has_part has part has_part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by Laurel_Cooper 2013-07-09T14:29:15Z BFO:0000062 plant_ontology preceded_by preceded_by Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. preceded by preceded_by The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. POC:Laurel_Cooper precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Laurel_Cooper 2015-06-04T17:18:40Z BFO:0000063 plant_ontology precedes precedes precedes precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process has measurement unit label The process of creation is, for example, writing down on paper the name of a friend by deliberately creating a certain pattern using ink. Here the ink + paper is the independent continuant and the carrier is the pattern in the ink. c = pattern in the ink b = paper + ink r = friend c specifically denotes r =def r is a portion of reality & c is a particular quality & c depends specifically on some independent continuant b & b acquired c as the result of the achievement of an objective to enable pointing to r repeatedly. Marked means there is a changed or additional quality of the bearer - the quality is the information carrier. Case 1 Memory trace as mark created when reading some description of some friend. The trace can denote. Case 2 Pattern of ink arrayed on paper as mark when writing down a friend's name Case 3 Pattern of magnetic domains on scattered pieces of a hard disk platter as mark when saving a file. 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The suggestions is to deprecate specific and generically denotes in favor of a single denote relationship that corresponds to the generic sense see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/25&q=denote Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy obsolete_specifically denotes true This document is about information artifacts and their representations A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about An information artifact IA mentions an entity E exactly when it has a component/part that denotes E 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. P4 RC1 munges our GCI so remove it for now: mentions some entity equivalentTo has_part some ('generically denotes' some entity) 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Add this relation following conversation with Jonathan Rees that N&S GCI for is_about was too strong. Really it was simply sufficient. To effect this change we introduce this relation, which is subproperty of is_about, and have previous GCI use this relation "mentions" in it's (logical) definition PERSON: Jonathan Rees Person: Alan Ruttenberg mentions A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named. A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r person:Alan Ruttenberg Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan denotes see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/25&q=denote obsolete_materially denotes true m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes. From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality. From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input. This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. Alan Ruttenberg is quality measurement of obsolete_describes true obsolete_represents true inverse of the relation 'denotes' Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Mike Conlon denoted by relating a cartesian spatial coordinate datum to a unit label that together with the values represent a point has coordinate unit label relates a process to a time-measurement-datum that represents the duration of the process Person:Alan Ruttenberg is duration of inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship Person:Alan Ruttenberg is quality measured as A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality. Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Bjoern Peters is quality specification of inverse of the relation of is quality specification of 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Bjoern Peters quality is specified as relates a time stamped measurement datum to the time measurement datum that denotes the time when the measurement was taken Alan Ruttenberg has time stamp relates a time stamped measurement datum to the measurement datum that was measured Alan Ruttenberg has measurement datum has_specified_input has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has_specified_input is_specified_input_of has_specified_output has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has_specified_output is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters is_specified_output_of inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color inheres in this apple this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in RO:0000056 plant_ontology participates_in participates_in participates in participates_in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant RO:0000057 plant_ontology has_participant has_participant has participant has_participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime location_of location of located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. 2D_boundary_of boundary of is 2D boundary of is boundary of 2D boundary of my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. has boundary has_2D_boundary has 2D boundary A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. has positive regulatory component activity has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component process directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y overlaps true true x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. RO:0002160 plant_ontology only_in_taxon only_in_taxon only in taxon only_in_taxon x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. in taxon w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y RO:0002202 plant_ontology develops_from develops_from develops from develops_from inverse of develops from develops into process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. regulates Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. negatively regulates Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. positively regulates A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. capable of part of true true A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. has input x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p X developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p. Laurel_Cooper 2013-06-27T13:16:56Z RO:0002258 plant_ontology developmentally_preceded_by developmentally_preceded_by developmentally preceded by developmentally_preceded_by X developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p. RO:0002258 c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within Inverse of developmentally preceded by developmentally succeeded by causally upstream of, positive effect causally upstream of, negative effect true true A relationship that holds via some environmental process evolutionarily related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) developmentally related to enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. part of structure that is capable of true true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p involved in inverse of enables enabled by inverse of regulates regulated by inverse of negatively regulates negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates positively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member inverse of has input input of x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes causally related to p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p involved in or involved in regulation of c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. enables activity in is active in true true c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. GOC:cjm GOC:dos A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. in pairwise interaction with interacts with An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. molecularly interacts with phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of helper property (not for use in curation) p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. has part that occurs in true true is kinase activity A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. causal relation between processes causal relation between entities causally influenced by interaction relation helper property molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulates s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. causal relation between material entity and a process Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2. directly positively regulates Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2. directly negatively regulates Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. enables subfunction acts upstream of or within, positive effect acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative acts upstream of, negative effect causally upstream of or within, negative effect causally upstream of or within, positive effect The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. regulates activity of has measurement value has x coordinate value has z coordinate value has y coordinate value A planned process in which soil is mechanicaly mixed, stirred or overturned. incorporation process tillage tillage process A planned process in which soil is mechanicaly mixed, stirred or overturned. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=447 A planned process in which the agricultural field surface is shaped for ensuring that the depths and discharge variations over the agricultural field are relatively uniform. land levelling land levelling process A planned process in which the agricultural field surface is shaped for ensuring that the depths and discharge variations over the agricultural field are relatively uniform. http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0231e/t0231e08.htm A planned process in which the thickness of crop residue on the surface of an agricultural field is managed. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 crop residue management residue management crop residue management process A planned process in which the thickness of crop residue on the surface of an agricultural field is managed. agglossary.org/wiki/index.php?title=Residue_management A planned process in which water is artificially supplied to plant or soil to sustain plants. irrigation irrigation process A planned process in which water is artificially supplied to plant or soil to sustain plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation www.dictionary.com/browse/irrigation A pruning process in which one or more suckers are removed. desuckering process Which suckers are removed depends on the criteria set by the agent of the desuckering process. desuckering A role that inheres in a water body that is realised in an irrigation process where water is transported from that water body to the target of the irrigation process. irrigation water source role A water body from which water is taken during an irrigation process and transported to the target of the irrigation process. irrigation source Volume of water applied during an irrigation process. amount of irrigation water irrigation depth quantity of irrigation water volume of irrigation water A tillage process in which, approximately, less than 15 percent of the soil surface is covered by crop residue after planting. conventional tillage intensive tillage tillage_technique conventional tillage process A tillage process in which, approximately, less than 15 percent of the soil surface is covered by crop residue after planting. http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/resourcedisplay/322/ A tillage process in which between, approximately, 15 to 30 percent of the soil surface is covered by plant residue after planting. reduced tillage tillage_technique reduced tillage process A tillage process in which between, approximately, 15 to 30 percent of the soil surface is covered by plant residue after planting. http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/resourcedisplay/322/ A tillage process in which a proportion of plant residue, left over after a harvesting process, is left relatively undisturbed on the tilled land; this is done in order to accomplish several conservation objectives including the maintenance of soil moisture content, the reduction of soil erosion and soil compaction, and/or the reduction of labour intensity and fuel consumption. conservation tillage tillage_technique Usually 30 percent of soil surface covered by plant residue is neccessary to achieved conservation tillage. conservation tillage process A tillage process in which a proportion of plant residue, left over after a harvesting process, is left relatively undisturbed on the tilled land; this is done in order to accomplish several conservation objectives including the maintenance of soil moisture content, the reduction of soil erosion and soil compaction, and/or the reduction of labour intensity and fuel consumption. http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/resourcedisplay/322/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage A land levelling process in which a laser guided equipement is used to shape land surface. laser land levelling laser land levelling process A land levelling process in which a laser guided equipement is used to shape land surface. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ericeproduction/I.3_Land_levelling.htm A pest control process in which physical means such as barriers, traps and handpicking, or physical conditions like high temperature, are used to control unwanted organisms. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 mechanical pest control mechanical pest control process A pest control process in which physical means such as barriers, traps and handpicking, or physical conditions like high temperature, are used to control unwanted organisms. http://articles.extension.org/pages/43637/what-is-mechanical-pest-control https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_pest_control A pest control process in which organisms are employed to manage unwanted organisms. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 biological control biological pest control biological pest control process A pest control process in which organisms are employed to manage unwanted organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control https://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/text19/biocontrol.html A planned process in which unwanted organisms are controlled. pest control pest control process A planned process in which unwanted organisms are controlled. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pest_control A pest control process in which chemical is used to manage unwanted organisms. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 chemical pest control chemical pest control process A planned process in which the useful part or parts of the plant are gathered. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 harvest harvesting plant harvesting process The usefulness of the part or parts of the plant depends on the criteria set by the agent of the harvesting process. harvest process A planned process in which the useful part or parts of the plant are gathered. http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0522e/T0522E05.htm A planned process in which the soil is left undisturbed apart from where the seeds or planting material are placed. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 zero tillage No-till is often considered as being a conservation tillage process. no-till A planned process in which the soil is left undisturbed apart from where the seeds or planting material are placed. http://www.vellag.com/articles/no-till-agriculture/ A planned process in which selected parts of the plant are removed. The practice entails targeted removal of diseased, damaged, dead, non-productive, structurally unsound, or otherwise unwanted tissue from plants. This is done in order to shape the plant or tree, improve plant or tree health, reduce the risk from falling branches, prepare nursery specimens for transplanting, and increase the yield or quality of harvested products. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 pruning thinning process thinning A planned process in which selected parts of the plant are removed. The practice entails targeted removal of diseased, damaged, dead, non-productive, structurally unsound, or otherwise unwanted tissue from plants. This is done in order to shape the plant or tree, improve plant or tree health, reduce the risk from falling branches, prepare nursery specimens for transplanting, and increase the yield or quality of harvested products. http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6274 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning#Types_of_pruning A tillage process in which saturated or near-saturated soil are worked into soft structureless mud, mainly for paddy rice production. puddling puddling process A tillage process in which saturated or near-saturated soil are worked into soft structureless mud, mainly for paddy rice production. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage A conservation tillage process in which non-inversion tillage tools that partially incorporate surface organic material are used on the entire surface of the field. mulch tillage mulch-till A conservation tillage process in which non-inversion tillage tools that partially incorporate surface organic material are used on the entire surface of the field. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs143_025852.pdf A conservation tillage process in which, in a land with permanent ridges, previous crop's residue is cleared off ridge-tops into adjacent furrows to make way for the new crop being planted on ridges. ridge tillage ridge-till A conservation tillage process in which, in a land with permanent ridges, previous crop's residue is cleared off ridge-tops into adjacent furrows to make way for the new crop being planted on ridges. http://www.mda.state.mn.us/protecting/conservation/practices/constillage.aspx A conservation tillage process in which narrow strips are tilled where seeds will be planted, leaving the soil in between the rows untilled. zone tillage strip-till A conservation tillage process in which narrow strips are tilled where seeds will be planted, leaving the soil in between the rows untilled. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillage A plant anatomical entity that is defined to mean plants or parts of plant capable of and intended for producing or reproducing entire plants. plant reproductive material planting material A plant anatomical entity that is defined to mean plants or parts of plant capable of and intended for producing or reproducing entire plants. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_food-safety/pressroom/docs/proposal_aphp_en.pdf A fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter, and contains a carbon-hydrogen linkage. Organic fertilizer is sometime defined as being derived from natural sources including non-living organism sources like rock. organic fertilizer role A fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter, and contains a carbon-hydrogen linkage. http://www.newenglandisa.org/FunkHandoutsOrganicInorganicFertilizers.pdf http://www.thefreedictionary.com/organic+fertilizer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_fertilizer Organic fertilizer is sometime defined as being derived from natural sources including non-living organism sources like rock. http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/234.html A role that inheres in an organism that is realized in an agricultural process where the organism is unwanted. pest role A plan specification which describes how a material entity is applied to another material entity. fertilizer application technique pesticide application technique fertilizer application method application method An application method in which a liquid material entity is applied by aircraft to an area. aerial topdressing crop dusting aerial application An application method in which a liquid material entity is applied by aircraft to an area. http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_nutrientmgt_methodsoffertilizerappln.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_application https://prod.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_030755.pdf An application method in which a material entity is applied in bands below, above, on one side, or on both sides of seeds or seedlings at planting. banding band application An application method in which a material entity is applied in bands below, above, on one side, or on both sides of seeds or seedlings at planting. http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/cis/cis0757.pdf http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf http://www.nasda.org/File.aspx?id=30530 A band application in which the material entity is applied after seeding or planting. sidedress application side dressing A band application in which the material entity is applied after seeding or planting. http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/cis/cis0757.pdf An application method which specifies how a material entity is to be uniformly applied to an area. broadcasting broadcast application method An application method which specifies how a material entity is to be uniformly applied to an area. http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf http://www.nasda.org/File.aspx?id=30530 A broadcast application in which fertilizer is applied to an area before planting or before seedling emergence. fertilizer basal application A broadcast application in which fertilizer is applied to an area before planting or before seedling emergence. http://www.fao.org/ag/Agp/agpc/doc/tibetmanual/04_Mineral_nutrition.htm A broadcast application in which a material entity is applied to an area after seedling emergence and establishment of plants. topdress application top dressing A broadcast application in which a material entity is applied to an area after seedling emergence and establishment of plants. http://www.fao.org/ag/Agp/agpc/doc/tibetmanual/04_Mineral_nutrition.htm An application method in which a chemical entity is applied to the lower portions of plant stems or tree trunks just above the soil line. chemical basal application An application method in which a chemical entity is applied to the lower portions of plant stems or tree trunks just above the soil line. http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf An application method in which a water-soluble chemical is injected into water flowing through an irrigation system. chemigation An application method in which a water-soluble chemical is injected into water flowing through an irrigation system. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/irrigation/chemigation An application method in which a material entity is applied at the time of sowing, and placed in contact with seeds. combined drilling drill placement on the seed application placed with seed application pop-up application seed placement contact placement An application method in which a material entity is applied at the time of sowing, and placed in contact with seeds. http://agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=364 http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_nutrientmgt_methodsoffertilizerappln.html http://www.agprofessional.com/resource-centers/crop-fertility/micronutrients/news/Pop-up-fertilizers-What-you-need-to-know-254954281.html http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/pdf/cis/cis0757.pdf An application method in which the material entity is placed in the reduced soil layer. subsurface placement The material entity is often compacted into pellet or briquette before being placed into the soil. The reduction soil layer is usually localized around 5 to 10 cm under the soil surface. This application method is often used in paddy field. deep placement An application method in which a water-soluble fertilizer is injected into water flowing through an irrigation system. fertigation An application method in which a water-soluble fertilizer is injected into water flowing through an irrigation system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigation An application method in which a liquid material entity is sprayed to the leafy portions of a plant. foliar spray foliar application An application method in which a liquid material entity is sprayed to the leafy portions of a plant. http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf An application method in which the material entity is placed in a continuous band on the bottom of the furrow during the process of ploughing. Each band is covered as the next furrow is turned. The aim is to place the material entity in moist soil where it can become more available to growing plants. plough sole placement An application method in which the material entity is placed in a continuous band on the bottom of the furrow during the process of ploughing. Each band is covered as the next furrow is turned. The aim is to place the material entity in moist soil where it can become more available to growing plants. https://books.google.fr/books?id=pZ0rVya6CW4C&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=Broadcast+incorporated+plough+sole+placement&source=bl&ots=89TNkPz-j-&sig=a59lhwk5TaKrRROry3ImNW6zhDE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjggPWP1anNAhXGWBoKHReIAGkQ6AEITDAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false An application method in which a liquid material entity is conveyed from a reservoir to a rope or wick that is wiped into unwanted plants. rope-wick treatment wiper treatment rope-wick application An application method in which a liquid material entity is conveyed from a reservoir to a rope or wick that is wiped into unwanted plants. http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf http://www.google.com/patents/US4219964 An application method in which a material entity is appplied directly on seeds before seeding. seed treatment seed dressing An application method in which a material entity is appplied directly on seeds before seeding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_treatment An application method in which a material entity is injected under pressure beneath the soil surface. soil injection An application method in which a material entity is injected under pressure beneath the soil surface. http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf An application method in which a material entity is injected under the bark of trees. tree injection An application method in which a material entity is injected under the bark of trees. http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%209.pdf A plan specification which describes how water is applied to plants or soil. irrigation method An irrigation process in which water is distributed under low pressure through a piped network, and is applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 localized irrigation localized irrigation process An irrigation process in which water is distributed under low pressure through a piped network, and is applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed under pressure through a pipe system where it drips slowly onto the soil close to the plants. drip irrigation micro irrigation trickle irrigation drip irrigation process A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed under pressure through a pipe system where it drips slowly onto the soil close to the plants. http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684E/s8684e02.htm A localized irrigation process in which water is distributed by diffusion and capillary action through the wall of buried unglazed clay pot. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 pitcher irrigation pitcher irrigation process A localized irrigation process in which water is distributed by diffusion and capillary action through the wall of buried unglazed clay pot. http://forest.mtu.edu/pcforestry/resources/studentprojects/pitcher/ A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed under pressure through a buried pipe system where it drips slowly below the soil surface close to plants' roots. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 SDI subsurface drip irrigation subsurface drip irrigation process A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed under pressure through a buried pipe system where it drips slowly below the soil surface close to plants' roots. http://ag.arizona.edu/crop/irrigation/azdrip/SDI.htm http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/water-use/hardware/optimisation-water-use-agriculture/subsurface-irrig An irrigation process in which water is distributed through a buried piped network with a layer of geotextile on top. Geotextiles absorb the water from the drippers of the piped network and transport that water under the soil surface via mass flow and capillary action. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 SSTI subsurface textile irrigation subsurface textile irrigation process An irrigation process in which water is distributed through a buried piped network with a layer of geotextile on top. Geotextiles absorb the water from the drippers of the piped network and transport that water under the soil surface via mass flow and capillary action. http://america.pink/subsurface-textile-irrigation_4206598.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_textile_irrigation An irrigation process in which water is distributed through a system of pipes, and is sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 irrigation with sprinkler sprinkler irrigation process An irrigation process in which water is distributed through a system of pipes, and is sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground. www.fao.org/docrep/s8684e/s8684e06.htm A sprinkler irrigation process in which water is dispersed through a long, segmented arm that revolves around a pivot point and covers a circular area. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 center-pivot irrigation central pivot irrigation circle irrigation waterwheel irrigation center-pivot irrigation process A sprinkler irrigation process in which water is dispersed through a long, segmented arm that revolves around a pivot point and covers a circular area. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/center-pivot-irrigation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_pivot_irrigation An irrigation process in which water is delivered to the plant root zone from below the soil surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 seepage irrigation sub-irrigation subground irrigation process subsurface irrigation sub-irrigation process An irrigation process in which water is delivered to the plant root zone from below the soil surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subirrigation An irrigation process in which water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 surface irrigation surface irrigation process An irrigation process in which water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_irrigation A surface irrigation process in which water is applied into basins. Basins are flat areas of land surronded by low bunds. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 bassin irrigation Basin irrigation is suitable for crops that are unaffected by standing in water for long periods (e.g. 12-24 hours) like rice or some trees. bassin irrigation process A surface irrigation process in which water is applied into basins. Basins are flat areas of land surronded by low bunds. http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684E/s8684e02.htm A bassin irrigation process in which basins are flooded during the entire growing season of plants. coutinuous flooding paddy irrigation continuous flood process A bassin irrigation process in which basins are flooded during the entire growing season of plants. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/growth/water-management A surface irrigation process in which water is distributed to an area divided into borders. Borders are long, sloping strips of land separated by bunds. Water is applied to the top end of borders. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 bay irrigation border check irrigation border irrigation border strip irrigation Borders are typically longer and narrower compared to basin irrigation. border irrigation process A surface irrigation process in which water is distributed to an area divided into borders. Borders are long, sloping strips of land separated by bunds. Water is applied to the top end of borders. http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684E/s8684e02.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_irrigation A surface irrigation process in which water is carried into small channels called furrows down the land slope between the plant rows. Water is applied to the top end of each furrow and infiltrates into the soil as it moves along the slope channel. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 furrow irrigation furrow irrigation process A surface irrigation process in which water is carried into small channels called furrows down the land slope between the plant rows. Water is applied to the top end of each furrow and infiltrates into the soil as it moves along the slope channel. http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0231E/t0231e04.htm http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684E/s8684e02.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_irrigation A surface irrigation process in which water is spread over a flat area without control over water flow or prior preparation. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 uncontrolled flooding wild flooding uncontrolled flooding process A surface irrigation process in which water is spread over a flat area without control over water flow or prior preparation. http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0231E/t0231e04.htm https://books.google.fr/books?id=DSvFRbtmb9EC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=uncontrolled+flooding+irrigation&source=bl&ots=GZ1pAtoBYD&sig=SU-vFWGW5bKfmMr5q5ppV-6G-Wk&hl=en&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjKibDIz6zNAhWGSBQKHa38ANgQ6AEIVTAM#v=onepage&q=uncontrolled%20flooding%20irrigation&f=false https://irrigationmethods.wordpress.com/ A role that inheres in an organism that is realised in a pest control process where that organism is used to suppress unwanted organisms. biological pest control agent role A role that inheres in an environmental material that is realised in a land preparation process where that environmental material is applied to soil in order to neutralize soil acidity. liming role Plants that are grown to be tilled, or cut down to lay on top of the ground for the purpose of adding organic matter and nutrients to the soil. green manure Plants that are grown to be tilled, or cut down to lay on top of the ground for the purpose of adding organic matter and nutrients to the soil. http://www.manytracks.com/Garden/GreenManure.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manure Animal manure that contains plant material, which has been used as bedding for animals and has absorbed the feces and urine. FYM barnyard manure farmyard manure Animal manure that contains plant material, which has been used as bedding for animals and has absorbed the feces and urine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure An animal manure made of animal feces and urine with no or very little material used for animal bedding. slurry manure farm slurry An animal manure made of animal feces and urine with no or very little material used for animal bedding. http://articles.extension.org/pages/8920/slurry-manure-collection-and-handling-systems An animal manure made of animal urine and sometimes waste water. liquid manure Organic matter mostly derived from animal feces which can be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-0815 The excreta of animals, with or without an admixture of bedding or litter, fresh or at various stages of further decomposition or composting. animal manure Organic matter mostly derived from animal feces which can be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure The excreta of animals, with or without an admixture of bedding or litter, fresh or at various stages of further decomposition or composting. https://www.soils.org/publications/soils-glossary An animal manure that contains poultry excreta, spilled feed, feathers, and material used as bedding in poultry operations. broiler litter chicken litter poultry manure poultry litter An animal manure that contains poultry excreta, spilled feed, feathers, and material used as bedding in poultry operations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry_litter#Litter_amendments An animal manure that contains solid waste from fishes often originateing from aquaculture operations. fish manure An animal manure that contains solid waste from fishes often originateing from aquaculture operations. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/fish-manure https://www.fishnure.com/about-us/ An animal manure that is produced from ground-up whole fish or by-products mixed with water, and heated to remove oils and proteins. fish emulsion An animal manure that is produced from ground-up whole fish or by-products mixed with water, and heated to remove oils and proteins. http://organicgardening.about.com/od/organicgardeningglossary/g/fishemulsion.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_emulsion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hydrolysate An animal manure obtained by drying and grinding or otherwise treating fish or fish waste to which no other matter has been added. fish blood and bone fish meal An animal manure obtained by drying and grinding or otherwise treating fish or fish waste to which no other matter has been added. http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/tan/x5926e/x5926e01.htm An animal manure made from whole fish or by-products put into water and cold-ground up. fish hydrolysate An animal manure made from whole fish or by-products put into water and cold-ground up. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hydrolysate The biomass remaining after pressing oil seeds to extract oil. oil cake The biomass remaining after pressing oil seeds to extract oil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_cake Dry, inert powder made from blood. Blood usually comes from cattle or hogs as a slaughterhouse by-product. blood meal Dry, inert powder made from blood. Blood usually comes from cattle or hogs as a slaughterhouse by-product. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_meal The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. obsolete bagasse true The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse An agricultural environmental material that contains ground-biomass remaining after pressing oil seeds. ground oil cake oil meal An oil meal that contains crushed cotton seeds from which oil has been removed. cottonseed meal An oil meal that contains crushed cotton seeds from which oil has been removed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonseed_meal An agricultural environmental material that contains ground dry alfalfa. alfalfa meal An agricultural environmental material that contains ground dry alfalfa. http://www.feedipedia.org/node/275 A compost that contains the residual compost waste generated by mushroom production. It generally consists of a combination of wheat straw, dried blood, horse manure and ground chalk, composted together. spent mushroom compost A compost that contains the residual compost waste generated by mushroom production. It generally consists of a combination of wheat straw, dried blood, horse manure and ground chalk, composted together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spent_mushroom_compost Layer of material applied to the soil surface to conserve moisture, improve soil fertility, reduce weed growth, or enhance the visual appeal of the area. mulch Layer of material applied to the soil surface to conserve moisture, improve soil fertility, reduce weed growth, or enhance the visual appeal of the area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch A mulch where plastic sheet is used to cover soil surface. Plants grow through slits or holes in thin plastic sheeting. plastic mulch A mulch where plastic sheet is used to cover soil surface. Plants grow through slits or holes in thin plastic sheeting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch A mulch where textile material is used to covert the soil surface. The fabric itself can be made from synthetic or organic materials, sometimes from recycled sources. landscape fabric A mulch where textile material is used to covert the soil surface. The fabric itself can be made from synthetic or organic materials, sometimes from recycled sources. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_fabric A mulch where shredded or entire piece of paper or newspaper cover the soil surface. newspaper mulch paper mulch A mulch where lawn waste resulting from mowing are used to cover the soil surface. grass clippings mulch A mulch where lawn waste resulting from mowing are used to cover the soil surface. http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/715.html A mulch where pine needles are used to cover soil surface. pine straw mulch pine needles mulch A mulch where pine needles are used to cover soil surface. http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/factsheets/mulch/mulchland.html#wood A mulch where straw is used to cover soil surface. straw mulch A mulch where straw is used to cover soil surface. http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/factsheets/mulch/mulchland.html#wood A mulch where foil is used to cover soil surface. aluminum mulch A mulch where stones are used to cover soil surface. stone mulch A mulch where tree leaves are used to cover soil surface. leave mulch A mulch where compost is used to cover soil surface. compost mulch A mulch where wood chips are used to cover soil surface. Wood chips are a byproduct of the pruning of trees. wood chips mulch A mulch where wood chips are used to cover soil surface. Wood chips are a byproduct of the pruning of trees. http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/factsheets/mulch/mulchland.html#wood A mulch where the outer corky bark layer of timber trees, shredded or not, are used to cover soil surface. bark mulch A mulch where the outer corky bark layer of timber trees, shredded or not, are used to cover soil surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch#Bark_chips A biological pest control process in which organisms that will help to manage pests are introduced to a new locale where they do not occur naturally. classical biological pest control importation organisms importation process A biological pest control process in which organisms that will help to manage pests are introduced to a new locale where they do not occur naturally. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control#Importation A biological pest control process in which organisms that help to manage pests are released to boost the naturally occurring population. augmentation organisms augmentation process A biological pest control process in which organisms that help to manage pests are released to boost the naturally occurring population. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control#Importation A biological pest control process in which suitable habitat or food are provided to the naturally occurring population of organisms that help to manage pests. conservation organisms conservation process A biological pest control process in which suitable habitat or food are provided to the naturally occurring population of organisms that help to manage pests. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pest_control#Importation A mechanical pest control process in which pests are killed. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 destruction technique mechanical pest destruction process A mechanical pest control process in which pests are kept away. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 exclusion technique mechanical pest exclusion process A mechanical pest control process in which pests are removed without being killed. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 removal technique mechanical pest removal process A planned process in which a layer of material is apply to the soil surface to conserve moisture, improve soil fertility, reduce pests population and enhance the visual appeal of the area. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulch mulch management mulching mulching process A planned process in which a liming material is applied to soil to reduce acidity. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 liming liming process A planned process in which a liming material is applied to soil to reduce acidity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liming Seed soaked in water until the physical process of germination, the penetration of the root though the seed coat, has occurred. wet seed pregerminated seed Piece of a plant, often piece of the stem or root, that is used for vegetative propagation. plant cutting Piece of a plant, often piece of the stem or root, that is used for vegetative propagation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_(plant) A shoot of a perennial plant. ratoon A shoot of a perennial plant. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ratoon Organism used to pull agricultural implements. draught animal working animal draft animal obsolete horse true obsolete donkey true ox steer obsolete bull true obsolete camel true obsolete mule true obsolete buffalo true obsolete elephant true A mobile machine specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort at slow speeds, and mainly used for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 tractor A mobile machine specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort at slow speeds, and mainly used for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractor A tractor with one axle, self-powered and self-propelled. The operator usually walks behind it or rides the implement being towed. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 two-wheel tractor walking tractor single-axle tractor A tractor with one axle, self-powered and self-propelled. The operator usually walks behind it or rides the implement being towed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-wheel_tractor A tractor with two axles. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanized. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 four-wheel tractor two-axle tractor A tractor with two axles. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanized. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractor#Tractor_configurations A roller armed with blunt spikes for dragging over newly plowed land to break the clods and render it fit for seeding. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 clod crusher A roller armed with blunt spikes for dragging over newly plowed land to break the clods and render it fit for seeding. https://www.wordnik.com/words/clod-crusher An implement that consists of many carbon steel or boron discs, which have many varying concavities and disc blade sizes and spacing and which are arranged into two or four sections. It is used to till the soil where crops are to be planted. It is also used to chop up unwanted weeds or crop remainders. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 bladed harrow disc plough disc harrow An implement that consists of many carbon steel or boron discs, which have many varying concavities and disc blade sizes and spacing and which are arranged into two or four sections. It is used to till the soil where crops are to be planted. It is also used to chop up unwanted weeds or crop remainders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_harrow An implement that cut, lift and reverse soil with a cutting depth of approximately 15 cm. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 frame-plough moldboard plow mouldboard turnplough mouldboard plough An implement that cut, lift and reverse soil with a cutting depth of approximately 15 cm. http://lambangjaya.com/product/detail/mouldboard-plough.html An implement that typically has only one thin blade with a sharpened tip, and is used to loosen and break up soil at depths about 30 cm. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 flat lifter mole plough subsoiler An implement that loosen and aerate soil without inverting or turning it. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 chisel plough An implement that loosen and aerate soil without inverting or turning it. http://minosagri.com/chisel-plough An implement that is used for plants, such as potatoes or scallions, which are grown buried in ridges of soil. A ridging plough has two mouldboards facing away from each other, cutting a deep furrow on each pass, with high ridges either side. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 ridging plough An implement that is used for plants, such as potatoes or scallions, which are grown buried in ridges of soil. A ridging plough has two mouldboards facing away from each other, cutting a deep furrow on each pass, with high ridges either side. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough An implement that is designed to cut the soil and turn it on its side, minimizing the damage to the earthworms, soil microorganism, and fungi. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 need a more precise definition spade plough An implement that is designed to cut the soil and turn it on its side, minimizing the damage to the earthworms, soil microorganism, and fungi. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough#Spade_plough Board used in field with a total water coverage to shape field surface. Weight can be added to the board. leveling board levelling board Bucket dragged by animal or tractor to shape soil surface. Bucket dimensions and capacity vary according to the available power source and field conditions. drag bucket drag scraper leveling bucket levelling bucket Bucket dragged by animal or tractor to shape soil surface. Bucket dimensions and capacity vary according to the available power source and field conditions. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267641740_Laser_Guided_Land_Leveling_and_Grading_for_Precision_Farming A bucket tracted by a tractor and controlled by a laser to shape soil surface. A laser transmitter transmits a laser beam, which is intercepted by the laser receiver mounted on the leveling bucket. The control panel mounted on the tractor interprets the signal from the receiver and raises or lowers the bucket. laser-controlled bucket A bucket tracted by a tractor and controlled by a laser to shape soil surface. A laser transmitter transmits a laser beam, which is intercepted by the laser receiver mounted on the leveling bucket. The control panel mounted on the tractor interprets the signal from the receiver and raises or lowers the bucket. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ericeproduction/I.3_Land_levelling.htm An implement consisting of a heavy framework having high numbers of steel tines on an harrow mat. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 drag harrow harrow chain harrow An implement consisting of a heavy framework having high numbers of steel tines on an harrow mat. http://www.drag-harrow.com/ https://www.wordnik.com/words/harrow An implement consisting of a heavy framework having several spikes or tines, and dragged by an animal or a tractor. drag harrow harrow tine harrow An implement consisting of a heavy framework having several spikes or tines, and dragged by an animal or a tractor. http://www.drag-harrow.com/ https://www.wordnik.com/words/harrow An implement used to distribute manure over a field. It usually consists of a trailer towed behind a tractor with a rotating mechanism driven by the tractor's power take off. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 honey wagon muck spreader manure spreader An implement used to distribute manure over a field. It usually consists of a trailer towed behind a tractor with a rotating mechanism driven by the tractor's power take off. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure_spreader An implement designed to inject slurry into the soil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 slurry injector An implement designed to inject slurry into the soil. http://www.pichonindustries.com/slurry-tanker/spreading/injectors An implement that consists of a hopper, a metering unit, and a distribution device that uses centrifugal force to spread material like seeds, fertilizer granules, liming material, onto the soil surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 broadcast seeder centrifugal fertilizer spreader broadcast spreader An implement that consists of a hopper, a metering unit, and a distribution device that uses centrifugal force to spread material like seeds, fertilizer granules, liming material, onto the soil surface. http://www.lsuagcenter.com/NR/rdonlyres/D9458BB7-D852-40B4-B434-5A6FC0C43E0E/3925/B868.pdf A planned process in which seeds are applied on or into the soil. crop establishement direct seeding seeding sowing sowing process seeding process A planned process in which seeds are applied on or into the soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowing direct seeding http://www.cropsreview.com/methods-of-planting.html An implement that is used to spray liquid and that is fitted with a harness on the operator back. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 knapsack sprayer backpack sprayer An implement that is used to spray liquid and is held in the hand. It usually has an air pump which compresses air into the tanks and pressurizes the liquid to spray.  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 hand sprayer An implement that is used to spray liquid and is held in the hand. It usually has an air pump which compresses air into the tanks and pressurizes the liquid to spray.  https://www.google.com/patents/US8420070 An implement that uses a combination of air and liquid to deliver liquid material to the target. It includes include nozzles that deliver spray droplets directly into a high-speed airstream. The air blast shatters the drops of liquid material into fine droplets and transports them to the target. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 airblast sprayer An implement which is used to create well-defined grooves in the soil where some material like seeds or fertilizer can be placed at a proper depth. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 furrow opener An area density quality which inheres in liming material by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of liming material applied on a given surface area. liming material area density Plant material remaining on the field ground after harvesting, including leaves, stalks, roots. crop residue description crop residue Plant material remaining on the field ground after harvesting, including leaves, stalks, roots. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=480 Two or more crop plants planted in a line. row A site which is located between two rows of crop plants. interrow An area density quality which inheres in nitrogen by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of nitrogen applied in a given surface area. amount of N applied per area amount of nitrogen applied Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool nitrogen area density An area density quality which inheres in phosphorus by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of phosphorus applied in a given surface area. amount of P applied per area phosphorus total amount quantity of phosphorus applied Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool phosphorus area density Object with a tube shape used to carry irrigation water through the field https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 irrigation tube An area density quality which inheres in sulfur by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of sulfur applied in a given surface area. amount of sulfur applied on a surface Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool sulfur area density An area density quality which inheres in chemical pest control material by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of chemical pest control material applied in a given surface area. chemical pest control material area density pesticide application rate pesticide area density An area density quality which inheres in nitrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of nitrate applied in a given surface area. amont of nitrate applied Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool nitrate area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium applied Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium area density An area density quality which inheres in calcium by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of calcium applied in a given surface area. amount of Ca applied per area amount of calcium applied Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool calcium area density An area density quality which inheres in magnesium by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of magnesium applied in a given surface area. amount of magnesium applied Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool magnesium area density An area density quality which inheres in iron by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of iron applied in a given surface area. amount of iron applied Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool iron area density An area density quality which inheres in zinc by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of zinc applied in a given surface area. amount of Zn applied per area amount of zinc applied on a surface Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool zinc area density An area density quality which inheres in copper by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of copper applied in a given surface area. Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool copper area density An area density quality which inheres in boron by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of boron applied in a given surface area. Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool boron area density An area density quality which inheres in molybdenum by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of molybdenum applied in a given surface area. Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool molybdenum area density An area density quality which inheres in manganese by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of manganese applied in a given surface area. Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool manganese area density An area density quality which inheres in chlorine by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of chlorine applied in a given surface area. amount of chlorine applied on a surface Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool chlorine area density A length quality which is equal to the length of the tillage tool that penetrate into the soil. tillage depth tillage tool blade length A thickness quality which is equal to the distance betwenn the top of the mulch layer to the top of the soil layer. mulch thickness The color of a mulch mulch color Small earth embankment which contain irrigation water within basins. dyke levee ridge bund Small earth embankment which contain irrigation water within basins. http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684E/s8684e03.htm An environmental material containing calcium and/or magnesium compounds and applied to soil in order to neutralize soil acidity. liming material An environmental material containing calcium and/or magnesium compounds and applied to soil in order to neutralize soil acidity. http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/nutrient-management/nutrient-lime-guidelines/liming-materials-for-minnesota-soils/ Form of overhead sprinkler irrigation consisting of several segments of pipe joined together and supported by trusses, mounted on wheeled towers with sprinklers positioned along its length. The machine moves in a circular pattern and is fed with water from the pivot point at the center of the circle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 central pivot irrigation machine circle irrigation machine waterwheel irrigation machine center pivot irrigation machine Form of overhead sprinkler irrigation consisting of several segments of pipe joined together and supported by trusses, mounted on wheeled towers with sprinklers positioned along its length. The machine moves in a circular pattern and is fed with water from the pivot point at the center of the circle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_pivot_irrigation Hydrological process in which water move through soil and permeable rocks. percolation process in soil Hydrological process in which water move through soil and permeable rocks. http://kula.geol.wwu.edu/rjmitch/L8_soils_percolation.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percolation Mass of fertilizer applied on a given surface area. fertilizer amount amount of fertilizer applied fertilizer application rate fertilizer quantity applied fertilizer area density An area density quality which inheres in potassium by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of potassium applied in a given surface area. amount of K applied per area amount of potassium applied on a surface Generated equivalence by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool potassium area density The area density of a seed amount of seeds used seeding area density sowing rate Mass of the seeds sown on a given surface area. seeding rate A pest control process in wich extremely hot temperature are used to kill pest. heat treatment An area density quality which inheres in plant reproductive material by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of plant reproductive material planted in a given surface area. plant reproductive material area density planting rate A pest control process in which extremely cold temperature are used to kill pest. cold treatment A mechanical pest control process in which the area being treated against pest is saturated with water at a depth of 15 to 30 cm for a period of 3 to 8 weeks. flood treatment A mulchin process in which the soil is covered with a layer of clear or black plastic. The plastic that is covering the ground traps heat energy from the sun and raises the temperature of the soil preventing the growth of or killing the plants. soil solarization treatment A mulchin process in which the soil is covered with a layer of clear or black plastic. The plastic that is covering the ground traps heat energy from the sun and raises the temperature of the soil preventing the growth of or killing the plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_solarization A mechanical pest control process in which pest or area with pest are directly burned and flamed. fire treatment A mechanical pest control process in which steam is used to kill pest. steam treatment A mechanical pest process in which diatomaceous earth is used to kill pest. Diatomaceous earth is composed of finely ground skeletons of fossil diatoms. Sharp edges of the ground diatoms scratch the waxy or oily outer layer of soft-bodied insects, which die eventually from dehydration. diatomaceous earth spreading A mechanical pest process in which diatomaceous earth is used to kill pest. Diatomaceous earth is composed of finely ground skeletons of fossil diatoms. Sharp edges of the ground diatoms scratch the waxy or oily outer layer of soft-bodied insects, which die eventually from dehydration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth A crop residue management process in which crop residues are burned in the field. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 crop residue burning process A crop residue management process in which crop residues are spread across the field. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 obsolete crop residue spreading process true A land levelling process which uses animal drawn or tractor-drawn levelers. traditional land levelling traditional land levelling process A mechanical pest removal process in which pests are physically caught. trapping trapping process A mechanical pest removal process in which pests are physically caught. http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%201.pdf A mechanical pest exclusion process in which barriers are used to prevent pest from getting into the area to be protected. using barrier process A mechanical pest exclusion process in which barriers are used to prevent pest from getting into the area to be protected. http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/pesticide-safety/ppat_manual/Chapter%201.pdf A pest removal process in which unwanted organisms are removed by hands. hand picking hand pulling hand roguing hand picking process A mechanical pest removal process in which a forceful stream of water is used to dislodge pests. water pressure spraying process A mechanical pest removal process in which a field vacuum is used to suck insects from plants. insect vaccuming insect vacuuming process A cutting process in which the above ground of the plants are cut or shred. mowing topping topping process mowing process An implement that is used during a tillage process. tillage implement An implement that is used during a land levelling process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 land levelling implement An implement that is used during a residue management process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 residue management implement An implement that is used during a fertilization process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 agronomic fertilization implement fertilization equipment fertilization implement An implement that is used during a transplanting process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 transplanting implement A planned process in which a plant is moved from one location to be planted in another one. crop establishement replanting transplanting transplanting process plant transplanting process A planned process in which a plant is moved from one location to be planted in another one. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplanting An implement that is used in a planting process. planting implement A planned process in which a plant reproductive material is set into the soil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 planting process An implement that is used during a sowing process. seeding implement sowing implement An implement that is used during a chemical pest control process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 pesticide implement chemical pest control implement An implement that is used in an harvest process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 plant harvest implement An implement that is used during a puddling process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 puddling implement An implement that is used during a mulch process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 mulch implement Source of energy used to pulled an implement. obsolete implement traction source true A traction that uses only human power to use an implement. obsolete human power true A traction that uses motorized power to pulled an implement. obsolete motorized traction true A traction that uses animal power to pulled an implement. obsolete animal traction true An equipment that is used during an irrigation process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 irrigation equipment Protocol used to measure the area density of a material. material area density mesurement protocol Protocol in which the material is weighed with a scale. The weight of the material is then divided by the surface area over which the material is applied to obtain the area density of the material. material weight per area measurement protocol Protocol in which the volume of a material is mesured with a graduated container. The volume of the material is then divided by the surface area over which the material is applied to obtain the area density of the material. material volume per area measurement protocol Protocol in which the weight or the volume of the material is recorded from the packaging of the material. This value is then divided by the surface area over which the material is applied to obtain the area density of the material. material area density recording With a ruler measure the distance between the soil surface and the top of the mulch layer. mulch thickness measurement protocol With a ruler measure the distance between the center of two rows. The center of the rows is where the plant reproductive material has been planted. interrow width measurement protocol Measure the length of sprout with a steel tape. sprout lenght measurement protocol Measure the shortest distance between the water source and the entrance of the field with a measuring wheel. water source distance measurement protocol A protocol defined as follow: 1.Weight a sample of the material. 2.Dry this sample. 3.Weight the dry sample. Moisture concentration = ((Ww-Wd)/Ww) x 100 in which : WW = wet weight of the sample, and Wd = weight of the sample after drying. moisture concentration measurement protocol Measure the distance between the soil surface and the top of a bund. Repeat this operation on multiple bunds, and average the results. bund height measurement protocol Measurement protocol in which the depth into the soil of an agricultural process is measured. agricultural operation depth measurement protocol agricultural process depth measurement protocol Use of a penometer to measure the depth of the agricultural process. agricultural process depth measurement protocol using a penometer Use of a penometer to measure the depth of the agricultural process. www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/download/1073/1225 Measure the length of the implement that goes into the soil to realize the agricultural process to knoe the depth of the agricultural process. For exemple, measure the length of the tool blade used for tillage to evaluate tillage depth. implement lenght measurement protocol Record the concentration of the chemical element of interest in the fertilizer used indicated on the fertilizer container. chemical concentration in fertilizer recording protocol Count the number of row that have been harvested. harvested row counting protocol Count the number of row that have been harvested. How to count a row that have been partially harvested? Count the number of plants using a quadrat. A quadrat is a frame of a know area. Set the quadrat on the soil and count the number of plants inside it. Repeat this observation as often as mentioned in your sampling protocol. Total number of plants= [(total number of plants counted inside the quadrat during all the observations)/ (quadrat area)/(number of observation)]x field size. plant population measurement protocol using quadrat plant density measurement protocol using quadrat Count the number of plants using a quadrat. A quadrat is a frame of a know area. Set the quadrat on the soil and count the number of plants inside it. Repeat this observation as often as mentioned in your sampling protocol. Total number of plants= [(total number of plants counted inside the quadrat during all the observations)/ (quadrat area)/(number of observation)]x field size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrat Count the number of plants in a defined area. Plant density= Total number of plants/ defined area plant population simple measurement protocol plant density simple measurement protocol Protocol that describes how to count the number of plants in a known area. plant population measurement protocol plant density measurement protocol Measure the distance between the beginning and the end of the row. row length mesurement protocol Protocol in which the lignin concentration of an environmental material is measured. lignin concentration measurement protocol Measure the lignin concentration following the acetylbromide method. lignin concentration measurement protocol using acetylbromide Measure the lignin concentration following the acetylbromide method. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12564795 Measure the lignin concentration following the acid detergent fiber method ADF method lignin concentration measurement protocol using acid detergent fiber Measure the lignin concentration following the acid detergent fiber method https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12564795 Measure the lignin concentration with the thioglycolic acid method. lignin concentration measurement protocol using thioglycolic acid Measure the lignin concentration with the thioglycolic acid method. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/3268/PDF https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12564795 Measure the lignin concentration with the Klason method. lignin concentration measurement Klason protocol Measure the lignin concentration with the Klason method. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/3268/PDF Measure the lignin concentration with the permanganate method. lignin concentration measurement protocol using permanganate Measure the lignin concentration with the permanganate method. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/3268/PDF Measure the lignin concentration with the acid detergent lignin method. ADL method lignin concentration measurement protocol using acid detergent lignin Measure the lignin concentration with the acid detergent lignin method. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf981250q?journalCode=jafcau A determination of organic carbon protocol that uses chromic acid to measure the oxidizable organic carbon in an environmental material. wet oxidation method walkley-black acid digestion method walkley-black method A determination of organic carbon protocol that uses chromic acid to measure the oxidizable organic carbon in an environmental material. http://www.agvise.com/educational-articles/soil-organic-matter-a-choice-of-methods/ Method for the quantitative determination of organic nitrogen in chemical substance. TKN method total kjeldahl nitrogen kjeldahl digestion kjeldahl method Method for the quantitative determination of organic nitrogen in chemical substance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjeldahl_method Protocol used to determine organic carbon content in environmental material according to the amount of CO2 released during combustion of the material. dry combustion method Protocol used to determine organic carbon content in environmental material according to the amount of CO2 released during combustion of the material. http://agronomy.emu.ee/vol062/p6211.pdf Protocol used to determine the content of organic nitrogen in environmental material. determination of organic nitrogen in environmental material protocol Protocol used to determine the content of organic carbon in environmental material. determination of organic carbon protocol Protocol used to measure soil organic matter and soil organic carbon. The method is based upon measuring the weight loss from a dry soil sample when exposed to high temperatures (between 350°C and 600°C). The weight loss that occurs at this temperature is then correlated to oxidizable organic carbon. LOI method weight loss on ignition method Protocol used to measure soil organic matter and soil organic carbon. The method is based upon measuring the weight loss from a dry soil sample when exposed to high temperatures (between 350°C and 600°C). The weight loss that occurs at this temperature is then correlated to oxidizable organic carbon. http://nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/bookstore_pdfs/21222.pdf http://www.agvise.com/educational-articles/soil-organic-matter-a-choice-of-methods/ http://www2.hawaii.edu/~rsyost/Konare_etal_LOI2010.pdf Record the speed of the tractor in the field. Need to add a standard protocol to measure tractor speed, if it exists. tractor speed recording protocol Record the color of the mulch applied. Need to add a standard protocol to measure the color of the mulch, if it exists. mulch color recording protocol Protocol in which the age of the transplant is determined by counting the number of days between the seeding date and the transplanting date. transplant age counting protocol Protocol in which the age of the transplant is determined by counting the number of days between the seeding date and the transplanting date. http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/Horticulture_Vegetables_2015-02.pdf http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380787810_Opoku-Ameyaw%20et%20al.pdf Measure the distance between the soil surface and the top of the irrigation equipment buried in soil. irrigation equipment depth measurement protocol Tie a small but heavy weight to the end of a piece of string. Lower the weight into the well until it reaches the bottom. Take up the slack and mark the string at ground level. Pull the weight out of the well and measure from the bottom of the weight to the ground level mark. This is the depth of the well. well depth measurement protocol Tie a small but heavy weight to the end of a piece of string. Lower the weight into the well until it reaches the bottom. Take up the slack and mark the string at ground level. Pull the weight out of the well and measure from the bottom of the weight to the ground level mark. This is the depth of the well. http://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Depth.php Measure the lenght of the pivot. pivot lenght measurement protocol Measure the lenght of the pivot. Need a formal definition Record the number of pest control agent released per surface area. pest control agent released density recording protocol Record the quantity of water used for irrigation. irrigation water quantity recording protocol Protocol in which the rapidity at which water moves through soil is measured. percolation test protocol Protocol in which the rapidity at which water moves through soil is measured. http://greywateraction.org/contenthow-do-percolation-test/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percolation_test Protocol that describes how to measure a field area. area measurement protocol Measure the field area in the field. area direct measurement GIS Measure the field area using a map (paper or electronic format). area measurement using cartography Record the information giving by a person that knows the field area (farmer, field owner). area recording protocol Protocol that describes how to measure the percentage of soil coverage by environmental material like mulch or crop residue. soil coverage by environmental material measurement protocol Assess visually the percentage of soil covered by environmental material. soil coverage visual assessment protocol Measure the percentage of soil covered by environmental material by counting the environmental material using quadrat, rope with knots or other devices. soil coverage manual measurement protocol Use GIS to measure the percentage of soil covered by environmental material. soil coverage measurement using GIS Add all the quantities of the environmental material of interest applied over a specified period. total quantity of environmental material used compute protocol Protocol that describes how to measure the percentage of incorporation in soil of an environmental material. environmental material incorporation percentage measurement protocol Assess visually the percentage of environmental material that has been buried into soil during the incorporation process. incorporation percentage visual assessment Use GIS to measure the percentage of environmental material that has been buried into soil during the incorporation process. incorporation percentage measurement using GIS Measure the percentage of environmental material that has been buried into soil by counting the environmental material using quadrat, rope with knots or other devices befor and after the incorporation process. incorporation percentage manual measurement An area quality inhering in a farm. farm area An area quality inhering in a field. field area A site within which an agricultural experimental process is conducted This should be harmonized with statistical plot designs, perhaps with STATO gross plot parcel plot agricultural experimental plot A site within which an agricultural experimental process is conducted http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e0a.htm An area quality inhering in a plot. plot size agricultural experimental plot area gross plot area parcel area plot area A block is a relatively large area or several identical units receiving all or most of the treatments. A collection of plots is called a block. block A block is a relatively large area or several identical units receiving all or most of the treatments. A collection of plots is called a block. http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e0a.htm Number of block used for an experiment. number of blocks Number of plot used during an experiment. number of plots A length quality that inheres in the smallest unit of an experiment. plot length A width entity that inheres in the smallest unit of an experiment. plot width A rounded container used to cultivate plant. pot A rounded container used to cultivate plant. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pot Number of pot used during an experiment. number of pots Distance between the top and the bottom of a pot. pot height The amount of a row number of rows A width entity that inheres in some row. row width A length quality that is the distance between the beginning and the end of a row. row length Distance quality that represents the distance between two plots. plot spacing The distance between two plants space between plants distance between plants Distance between two hills. hill spacing The distance between two rows. inter-row spacing distance between rows Orientation of the rows in a field. row orientation Orientation of the plots in a field. plot orientation Replication is the repetition of the set of all the treatment combinations used in an experiment. replication Replication is the repetition of the set of all the treatment combinations used in an experiment. http://www.stat.yale.edu/Courses/1997-98/101/expdes.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_(statistics) A process during which some material is applied to a subject treatment A process during which some material is applied to a subject http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e0a.htm Number of treatments tested during an experiment. number of treatments Number of replications in an experiment. number of replicates number of replications A crop is any cultivated plant, fungus, or alga that is harvested for food, clothing, livestock,fodder, biofuel, medicine, or other uses crop A crop is any cultivated plant, fungus, or alga that is harvested for food, clothing, livestock,fodder, biofuel, medicine, or other uses https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop Number of different crop used in an experiment. number of crops Number of crops cultivated at the same time during the previous year in the field where the experiment is done. number of crops previously cultivated Orientation of the slope. slope aspect slope orientation An experimental design that enables an additional factor or treatment to be included at more than one level; each plot is split into two or more parts. split plot design An experimental design that enables an additional factor or treatment to be included at more than one level; each plot is split into two or more parts. http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ilri/x5546e/x5546e0a.htm#7.5.4 split plot arrangement An experimental design in which the desired precision for measuring the interaction effect between the two factors is higher than that for measuring the main effect of either one of the two factors. This is accomplished with the use of three plot sizes : 1. Vertical strip plot for the first factor – vertical factor 2. Horizontal strip plot for the second factor – horizontal factor 3. Interaction plot for the interaction between 2 factors split block design strip plot design An experimental design in which the desired precision for measuring the interaction effect between the two factors is higher than that for measuring the main effect of either one of the two factors. This is accomplished with the use of three plot sizes : 1. Vertical strip plot for the first factor – vertical factor 2. Horizontal strip plot for the second factor – horizontal factor 3. Interaction plot for the interaction between 2 factors https://books.google.fr/books?id=PVN7_XRhpdUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false An experimental design in which two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or "levels", and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors. That is, the design provides information on the average effect of the individual factors as well as the interaction between these two factors. factorial design An experimental design in which two or more factors, each with discrete possible values or "levels", and whose experimental units take on all possible combinations of these levels across all such factors. That is, the design provides information on the average effect of the individual factors as well as the interaction between these two factors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorial_experiment An experimental design in which the treatments are assigned completely at random so that each experimental unit has the same chance of receiving any one treatment. Any difference among experimental units receiving the same treatment is considered as experimental error. Hence, it is appropriate only for experiments with homogeneous experimental units, such as laboratory experiments, where environmental effects are relatively easy to control. CRD completely randomized design An experimental design in which the treatments are assigned completely at random so that each experimental unit has the same chance of receiving any one treatment. Any difference among experimental units receiving the same treatment is considered as experimental error. Hence, it is appropriate only for experiments with homogeneous experimental units, such as laboratory experiments, where environmental effects are relatively easy to control. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6831E/X6831E07.htm An experimental design in which the blocks should be composed of plots that are as homogeneous as possible. Further, blocks in the same replication should be as near as possible to maximize the variation among replication. These incomplete blocks are combined into groups that form separate, complete replications. lattice design An experimental design in which the blocks should be composed of plots that are as homogeneous as possible. Further, blocks in the same replication should be as near as possible to maximize the variation among replication. These incomplete blocks are combined into groups that form separate, complete replications. https://books.google.fr/books?id=PVN7_XRhpdUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false An experimental design in which each treatment is included only once and is near to a control treatment. A control treatment is usually either a common practice or no practice. replicated control design An experimental design in which each treatment is included only once and is near to a control treatment. A control treatment is usually either a common practice or no practice. http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/sag3024 An experimental design in which basic farming practices are compared using demonstration strips on a farm field. Usually the comparison is between two to four treatments, up to a maximum of 10 and each treatment is included only once. demonstration strip design An experimental design in which basic farming practices are compared using demonstration strips on a farm field. Usually the comparison is between two to four treatments, up to a maximum of 10 and each treatment is included only once. http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/sag3024 A lattice design in which the number of treatment must be a perfect square. Blocks per replicate and plots per block are equal, and are the square root of the number of treatments. square lattice design A lattice design in which the number of treatment must be a perfect square. Blocks per replicate and plots per block are equal, and are the square root of the number of treatments. http://www.iasri.res.in/iasriwebsite/DESIGNOFEXPAPPLICATION/Electronic-Book/Module%202/4LATTICE%20Designs.pdf A lattice design that is a resolvable incomplete block design where the number of treatments or block size does not meet the strict requirements for one of the lattice designs. Also the number of entries is a multiple of block size. alpha lattice design A lattice design that is a resolvable incomplete block design where the number of treatments or block size does not meet the strict requirements for one of the lattice designs. Also the number of entries is a multiple of block size. http://libcatalog.cimmyt.org/download/agris/62983.pdf http://www.worldessaysj.com/files_site/paperlist/r_16_130802114356.pdf Shape of the land surface surronding an area. higher-level landform Shape of the land surface surronding an area. http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/a0541e/a0541e.pdf Description of the geomorphology of the immediate surroundings of the experimental site. agronomic land element Description of the geomorphology of the immediate surroundings of the experimental site. http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/a0541e/a0541e.pdf The grade of a physical feature, landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of the angle of that surface to the horizontal. environmental feature gradient environmental feature slope slope inclination environmental feature grade The grade of a physical feature, landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of the angle of that surface to the horizontal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_(slope) A factor of an experiment is a controlled independent variable; a variable whose levels are set by the experimenter. A factor is a general type or category of treatments. Different treatments constitute different levels of a factor. experimental factor A factor of an experiment is a controlled independent variable; a variable whose levels are set by the experimenter. A factor is a general type or category of treatments. Different treatments constitute different levels of a factor. http://www.stat.yale.edu/Courses/1997-98/101/expdes.htm Constraint known to affect the experiment or the crop performances. experimental constraint A plan specification that states how treatments are allocated to the experimental units during an agronomic trial. It refers to the conceptual framework within which the experiment is conducted. agronomic experimental design A plan specification that states how treatments are allocated to the experimental units during an agronomic trial. It refers to the conceptual framework within which the experiment is conducted. http://www.simplypsychology.org/experimental-designs.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_experiments https://www.okstate.edu/ag/agedcm4h/academic/aged5980a/5980/newpage2.htm Unexpected event arrived during the experiment. complication during the experiment A complication with the equipement used during the experiment. equipement complication A complication with a person or a group of people working on the experiement. complication caused by a personel Percentage of the area of the experiment damaged due to a complication during the experiment. percent of experiment area damaged A planned process in which an analysis of soil is performed to determine soil characteristics. soil analysis soil test soil analysis process A planned process in which an analysis of soil is performed to determine soil characteristics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_test Pattern used to plant crop in field. planting distribution Planting is done on flat-top circular mounds. hill distribution Planting is done in lines. row distribution Planting distribution where the crop zone and the traffic lanes (wheel tracks or furrows) are distinctly and permanently separated. Soil is moved from the traffic lanes and added to the crop zone, slightly raising the surface level of the crop zone raised bed planting row on bed distribution Planting is done on all the field surface. uniform distribution Shape quality that refers to the general shape of a slope in both vertical and horizontal directions. curvature as the direction of the bend slope curvature slope form slope shape Shape quality that refers to the general shape of a slope in both vertical and horizontal directions. FAO, 1990 Maximum length of an agromical field. field maximum length An observation post where weather conditions and meteorological data are observed and recorded and reported. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 weather station An observation post where weather conditions and meteorological data are observed and recorded and reported. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/weather%20station Distance between the ground and the temperature sensor. temperature sensor siting height Distance between the ground and the wind speed sensor. wind speed sensor siting height Location where the experiment is implemented. experimental site Experimental site in which the experiment is implemented on the field of a farmer. farmer field Experimental site in which the experiment is done in a the field of a research station. experimental station field research station field An experimental site in which the experiment is performed in a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, with the possibility to regulate climatic conditions. hothouse screenhouse glasshouse greenhouse An experimental site in which the experiment is performed in a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, with the possibility to regulate climatic conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse Experimental site where the experiment is done in a forest owned by a government. governmental forest Experimental site where the experiment is done in a private forest. private forest Elevation above the sea level of the experimental site. experimental site elevation experimental site altitude Elevation above the sea level of the experimental site. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude Elevation above sea level of the weather station. weather station altitude Elevation above sea level of the weather station. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude A planned process in which a procedure is carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis. This class is relevant to more than the agronomy domain. It should be replaced by a class in a more general ontology of experiments trial experiment A planned process in which a procedure is carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment An experiment in which a scientific method is implemented for testing certain agricultural phenomena. agronomic experiment type of study agricultural experiment A person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. farmer A person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer A person who conducts research. scientist researcher A person who conducts research. https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/researcher A person that is enrolled or attends classes at a school, college, or university. intern student A person that is enrolled or attends classes at a school, college, or university. www.thefreedictionary.com/student A person that works in a research station. research station employee A person that is employed by the government to assist people in rural areas with methods of farming and home economics. extension agent A person that is employed by the government to assist people in rural areas with methods of farming and home economics. www.thefreedictionary.com/extension+agent A person that is an educator who works at a college or university. faculty member A person that is an educator who works at a college or university. www.thefreedictionary.com/faculty+member Roled performed by a person during an experiment. person role within the experiment A person that has a role of collecting data related to the experiment. data collector A person that is the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project. principal investigator A person that is the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_investigator A person that has a role of managing the experiment. Need a better definiton that highlights the differences with the principal investigator. experiment manager A person that has a role of performing the operations required to run the experiment in the field. field laborer An object to be used by hand to plough soil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 hand plough Vegetation maintained in purpose on and at the border of an agronomic experimental field. obsolete Vegetation maintained on an experimental field true Strip of flowers established at the edge of the field. obsolete flower strip true Strip of flowers established at the edge of the field. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12536/full Type of vegetation surrounding an agronomic experimental site obsolete vegetation surronding an experimental site true Slope on which terraces have been build. terraced Slope shape irregular. irregular shape An agricultural field that is set aside for a period of time before it is cultivated again; or an agricultral field that is under permanent crops, meadows or pastures and that is not being used for such purposes for a period of at least one year. fallow land An agricultural field that is set aside for a period of time before it is cultivated again; or an agricultral field that is under permanent crops, meadows or pastures and that is not being used for such purposes for a period of at least one year. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=933 Strips of land along the borders of crop fields. It also include vegetative strips adjacent to roads, paths, railways, hedgerows and forest boundaries. field margin Strips of land along the borders of crop fields. It also include vegetative strips adjacent to roads, paths, railways, hedgerows and forest boundaries. http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/landscape-enhancement-of-floral-resources-for-honey-bees-in-agro-ecosystems.pdf Tool for loosening compacted soil layers 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40 cm) deep and still maintain high surface residue levels. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 paraplow paraplough Tool for loosening compacted soil layers 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40 cm) deep and still maintain high surface residue levels. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_030994.pdf Tillage tool that stirs and pulverizes the soil, either before planting (to aerate the soil and prepare a smooth, loose seedbed) or after the crop has begun growing (to kill weeds—controlled disturbance of the topsoil close to the crop plants kills the surrounding weeds by uprooting them, burying their leaves to disrupt their photosynthesis, or a combination of both). Cultivator is designed to disturb the soil in careful patterns, sparing the crop plants but disrupting the weeds. Cultivator teeth work near the surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 cultivator Tillage tool that stirs and pulverizes the soil, either before planting (to aerate the soil and prepare a smooth, loose seedbed) or after the crop has begun growing (to kill weeds—controlled disturbance of the topsoil close to the crop plants kills the surrounding weeds by uprooting them, burying their leaves to disrupt their photosynthesis, or a combination of both). Cultivator is designed to disturb the soil in careful patterns, sparing the crop plants but disrupting the weeds. Cultivator teeth work near the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivator A disk harrow with disc blades arranged into four sections. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 tandem disc harrow A disk harrow with disc blades arranged into four sections. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_harrow A disk harrow with disc blades arranged into two sections. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 offset disc harrow A disk harrow with disc blades arranged into two sections. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_harrow A sowing device that positions seeds in the soil and then covers them. The seed drill sows the seeds at equal distances and proper depth, ensuring that the seeds get covered with soil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 drill seeder seed drill A sowing device that positions seeds in the soil and then covers them. The seed drill sows the seeds at equal distances and proper depth, ensuring that the seeds get covered with soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_drill A seeding implement that consists of a seed drum, main shaft, ground wheel, floats, and handle. Joining smaller ends of frustum of cones makes the seed drum. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 paddy drum seeder drum seeder A seeding implement that consists of a seed drum, main shaft, ground wheel, floats, and handle. Joining smaller ends of frustum of cones makes the seed drum. drum.http://www.kvkimphalwest.org/images/paddy-drum-seeder.pdf An agricultural hand tool ade of a blade set to an handle and used to shape the soil, control weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 hand-held hoe hoe An agricultural hand tool ade of a blade set to an handle and used to shape the soil, control weeds, clear soil, and harvest root crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoe_(tool) A seed drill that consists of a seed box attached to the mainframe of a hand wheel hoe. A fluted roller assembly is provided at the bottom of the seed box. Fluted roller is rotated with the help of chain and sprockets from the ground wheel. manual oilseed drill A seed drill that consists of a seed box attached to the mainframe of a hand wheel hoe. A fluted roller assembly is provided at the bottom of the seed box. Fluted roller is rotated with the help of chain and sprockets from the ground wheel. http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf A curved metal bar used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 tyne opener planter A curved metal bar used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil. http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf Manually operated device for creating a conical cavity in the soil for sowing of seeds. It consists of a wooden round stick with one end having a sheet metal cone. The other end is provided with a handgrip. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 dibbling stick Manually operated device for creating a conical cavity in the soil for sowing of seeds. It consists of a wooden round stick with one end having a sheet metal cone. The other end is provided with a handgrip. http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf Manually operated hand tool which consists of a seed hopper, cell roller for metering of seeds, spring actuated jaws for penetration in the soil, pipe and handle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 naveen dibbler Manually operated hand tool which consists of a seed hopper, cell roller for metering of seeds, spring actuated jaws for penetration in the soil, pipe and handle. http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf An tool made of mild steel flat or leaf spring by forging operation. The working end is flattened and edge made sharp for easy penetration in the soil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 hand dibbler An tool made of mild steel flat or leaf spring by forging operation. The working end is flattened and edge made sharp for easy penetration in the soil. http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf Manually operated push device for dibbling of medium and bold size seeds. It consists of a rotating dibbling head with penetrating jaws, covering-cum-transport wheel, seed hopper with cell wooden roller and a handle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 rotary dibbler Manually operated push device for dibbling of medium and bold size seeds. It consists of a rotating dibbling head with penetrating jaws, covering-cum-transport wheel, seed hopper with cell wooden roller and a handle. http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf Manually operated hand tool that consists of cutter head having semicircular blades connected to pipe with the help of clamp and flange. The connecting pipe is further connected to a handle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 earth auger Manually operated hand tool that consists of cutter head having semicircular blades connected to pipe with the help of clamp and flange. The connecting pipe is further connected to a handle. http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf A flat and circular piece of metal used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil. single disc opener planter A flat and circular piece of metal used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil. http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf Double flat and circular piece of metal used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 double disck opener planter Double flat and circular piece of metal used to open the soil before putting the seed into the soil. http://agricoop.nic.in/dacdivision/Machinery1/chap2a.pdf Irrigation method based on manual intervention. manual irrigation Irrigation method with no or just a minimum of manual intervention beside the surveillance. Almost every system can be automated with help of timers, sensors or computers or mechanical appliances. automatic irrigation Irrigation method with no or just a minimum of manual intervention beside the surveillance. Almost every system can be automated with help of timers, sensors or computers or mechanical appliances. http://www.sswm.info/content/automatic-irrigation An application method in which a material entity is placed into the soil in holes made with a pointed implement. precision seeding dibbling An application method in which a material entity is placed into the soil in holes made with a pointed implement. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dibbling An application method in which seeds are uniformlyplaced into shallow furrows before closing the furrows. line sowing drilling An application method in which seeds are uniformlyplaced into shallow furrows before closing the furrows. http://www.culturalecology.info/ancillary/seed_machines_files/sowingseeds.htm line sowing http://agriinfo.in/default.aspx?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=337 An object used to perform an agricultural process. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 agricultural implement Vertical arrangement of plants in a field. column Total quantity of fertilizer applied in a given surface area during a cropping season. fertilizer amount over a season fertilizer area density over a cropping season Elevation above the sea level of the soil profile. soil profile altitude A planned process in which grazing animals on pasture are managed by humans. http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3367 grazing regulation of grazing A planned process in which grazing animals on pasture are managed by humans. http://extension.psu.edu/agronomy-guide/cm/sec8/sec810l Grazing management system developped by Allan Savory. The system is based on a rotational grazing system but doing so at high densities for short intervals. Livestock is used as a tool to increase soil fertility and plant life. Incorporating plant organic matter and manure into the soil promotes the recycling of nutrients. holistic grazing holistic planned grazing Grazing management system developped by Allan Savory. The system is based on a rotational grazing system but doing so at high densities for short intervals. Livestock is used as a tool to increase soil fertility and plant life. Incorporating plant organic matter and manure into the soil promotes the recycling of nutrients. http://savory.global/assets/docs/evidence-papers/about-holistic-planned-grazing.pdf http://www2.ca.uky.edu/grazer/July11_Holistic.php https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_management_(agriculture) A grazing management method that involves moving livestock at least daily between small paddocks, sized to match the number of grazing animals, and split by fence. The goal is for every plant in the grazing cell to be either eaten or walked on and trampled. Grass in each paddock then rests for 60-120 days or more. ultra-high density grazing mob grazing A grazing management method that involves moving livestock at least daily between small paddocks, sized to match the number of grazing animals, and split by fence. The goal is for every plant in the grazing cell to be either eaten or walked on and trampled. Grass in each paddock then rests for 60-120 days or more. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ia/newsroom/features/?cid=stelprdb1186272 ultra-high density grazing http://www2.ca.uky.edu/grazer/April_2013_Grazing_Systems.php A grazing management system in which the land is subdivided or sectioned off into smaller areas, sometimes called paddocks. The livestock are moved from one paddock to another in order to best promote plant health and growth. http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6663 rotational grazing A grazing management system in which the land is subdivided or sectioned off into smaller areas, sometimes called paddocks. The livestock are moved from one paddock to another in order to best promote plant health and growth. http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/grazing/types A grazing management system in which livestock have unrestricted access to the pasture area throughout the grazing season. http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36542 continuous grazing A grazing management system in which livestock have unrestricted access to the pasture area throughout the grazing season. www.sheep101.info/201/grazingsystems.html A system of grazing which confined animals to a strip or small part of the field for rapid grazing in a short time period.. The rest of the field is protected by a temporary fence, usually electric. http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7456 strip grazing A system of grazing which confined animals to a strip or small part of the field for rapid grazing in a short time period.. The rest of the field is protected by a temporary fence, usually electric. http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/grazing/types http://oek1.fao.org/skosmos/agrovoc/en/page/?uri=http%3A%2F%2Faims.fao.org%2Faos%2Fagrovoc%2Fc_7456&clang=en A rotational grazing management system that implies many paddocks are utilized and livestock are moved on a frequent basis. It provides more stable production during poor growing conditions, greater yield, higher quality, decreased weed and erosion, and uniform soil fertility levels. MIG Voisin grazing management management intensive grazing intensive rotational grazing A rotational grazing management system that implies many paddocks are utilized and livestock are moved on a frequent basis. It provides more stable production during poor growing conditions, greater yield, higher quality, decreased weed and erosion, and uniform soil fertility levels. http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/grazing/types MIG http://tropicalgrazinginstitute.org/our-work/ Voisin grazing management http://tropicalgrazinginstitute.org/our-work/ management intensive grazing http://tropicalgrazinginstitute.org/our-work/ An intensive rotational grazing system in which livestock is allowed to graze for a limited time, leaving a leafy stubble, and then is moved to another area. http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5497 controlled grazing An intensive rotational grazing system in which livestock is allowed to graze for a limited time, leaving a leafy stubble, and then is moved to another area. http://articles.extension.org/pages/19432/goat-pastures-strip-grazing Intensive grazing system in which the field is divided into many small plots of equal size. Grasses are raised with application of large quantities of nitrogenous fertilizers. The livestock are divided into three groups : high, medium and low yeilders. They are let into the paddock by rotation so that the opportunity for grazing most nutritious immature grasses goes to the high yielders followed by medium producers and lastly low yielders. hohenheim grazing system Intensive grazing system in which the field is divided into many small plots of equal size. Grasses are raised with application of large quantities of nitrogenous fertilizers. The livestock are divided into three groups : high, medium and low yeilders. They are let into the paddock by rotation so that the opportunity for grazing most nutritious immature grasses goes to the high yielders followed by medium producers and lastly low yielders. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=62175 hohenheim grazing system http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/grazing/types A grazzing management system that allows young farm animals to graze part of the pasture before the adults. It employs a gate through which young animals, but not adults, can pass to get first choice of fresh feed in the next door paddock. creep grazing A grazzing management system that allows young farm animals to graze part of the pasture before the adults. It employs a gate through which young animals, but not adults, can pass to get first choice of fresh feed in the next door paddock. beeflambnz.com/Documents/Farm/Creep%20grazing%20lambs.pdf http://www.thefreedictionary.com/creep-grazing A gazing management system in which two or more groups of animal, usually with different nutritional needs, graze the same paddock but at different time. first-last grazing A gazing management system in which two or more groups of animal, usually with different nutritional needs, graze the same paddock but at different time. http://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/grazing/types Area of field that have been harvested. harvested surface area Area of soil surfae covered with mulch. soil mulch coverage Area of soil surfae covered with mulch. mulch percent coverage Area of soil covered by organic fertilizer. soil organic fertilizer coverage Height of the small earth embankments which contain irrigation water within basins. bund height Height of the small earth embankments which contain irrigation water within basins. http://www.fao.org/docrep/s8684e/s8684e03.htm Tractor speed in the field. tractor speed An area density quality which inheres in micronutrients by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of micronutrients applied in a given surface area. Micronutrients for plants are Boron, Chlorine, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Molybdenum, Copper, Nikel. micronutrients area density An area density quality which inheres in micronutrients by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of micronutrients applied in a given surface area. Micronutrients for plants are Boron, Chlorine, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Molybdenum, Copper, Nikel. http://cetehama.ucanr.edu/Newsletters_510/?newsitem=39348 An area density quality which inheres in above-ground crop residue by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of above-ground crop residue applied in a given surface area. crop residue amount crop residue area density Length of the pivot used during the irrigation process. center pivot irrigation equipment length Distance between the bottom of the well and the soil surface. well depth An area density quality which inheres in rhizobium by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of rhizobium inoculated into the soil. quantity of rhizobium rhizobium area density Amount of nutrient in the crop as a ratio of the amount applied or available. NRE nitrogen recovery efficiency Amount of nutrient in the crop as a ratio of the amount applied or available. https://www.ipni.net/ppiweb/bcrops.nsf/$webindex/81A4850CE6E9C87085256F380054252B/$file/04-4p15.pdf Calculate the amount of nitrogen in the crop as a ratio of the amount of nitrogen applied or available. nitrogen recovery efficiency measurement protocol Ratio between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer removed from the field by the crop and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. It provides information about the relative utilization of additional nitrogen applied to a agricultural production system. nitrogen use efficiency Ratio between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer removed from the field by the crop and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. It provides information about the relative utilization of additional nitrogen applied to a agricultural production system. http://www.oecd.org/tad/sustainable-agriculture/44810448.pdf Calculate the ratio between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer removed with the crop and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. nitrogen use efficiency measurement protocol Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in an organic fertilizer. organic fertilizer carbon to nitrogen ratio Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is a ratio of the mass of carbon to the mass of nitrogen in an organic fertilizer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_to_nitrogen_ratio Agricultural tool that is hand-held and composed of a curved blade with a sharp inside and a handle. It is used for harvesting, or reaping, grain crops or cutting succulent forage chiefly for feeding livestock, either freshly cut or dried as hay. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 bagging hook brishing hook grasshook reaping hook rip-hook slash-hook swap hook sickle Agricultural tool that is hand-held and composed of a curved blade with a sharp inside and a handle. It is used for harvesting, or reaping, grain crops or cutting succulent forage chiefly for feeding livestock, either freshly cut or dried as hay. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle Planned process is which the edible part of the cereal grain is loosen from the scaly, inedible chaff that surrounds it. It is the step in grain preparation after harvesting and before winnowing, which separates the loosened chaff from the grain. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain. threshing process Planned process is which the edible part of the cereal grain is loosen from the scaly, inedible chaff that surrounds it. It is the step in grain preparation after harvesting and before winnowing, which separates the loosened chaff from the grain. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshing Agricultural tool made from two or more large sticks attached by a short chain; one stick is held and swung, causing the other to strike a pile of grain, loosening the husks. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 flail Agricultural tool made from two or more large sticks attached by a short chain; one stick is held and swung, causing the other to strike a pile of grain, loosening the husks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flail Agricultural tool that consists of a shaft about 170 centimetres (67 in) long made of wood or metal. The shaft has either one or two short handles at right angles to it, usually one near the upper end and always another roughly in the middle. A curved, steel blade between 60 to 90 centimetres (24 to 35 in) long is mounted at the lower end at 90°, or less, to the shaft. It is hand powered. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 scythe Agricultural tool that consists of a shaft about 170 centimetres (67 in) long made of wood or metal. The shaft has either one or two short handles at right angles to it, usually one near the upper end and always another roughly in the middle. A curved, steel blade between 60 to 90 centimetres (24 to 35 in) long is mounted at the lower end at 90°, or less, to the shaft. It is hand powered. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythe A planned process in which the grain is separated from chaff. It is also used to remove weevils or other pests from stored grain. It is done after threshing, the loosening of grain or seeds from the husks and straw. winnowing process A planned process in which the grain is separated from chaff. It is also used to remove weevils or other pests from stored grain. It is done after threshing, the loosening of grain or seeds from the husks and straw. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnowing A pruning process in which whole tops of trees or large branches and/or trunks from the tops of trees are removed, leaving stubs or lateral branches that are too small to assume the role of a terminal leader. hat-racking heading rounding tipping étêtage tree topping process A pruning process in which whole tops of trees or large branches and/or trunks from the tops of trees are removed, leaving stubs or lateral branches that are too small to assume the role of a terminal leader. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topping_(agriculture) A pruning process in which dried, yellowish green, bottom leaves in the sugarcane crop are removed at regular intervals. detrashing process detrashing A pruning process in which dried, yellowish green, bottom leaves in the sugarcane crop are removed at regular intervals. http://www.sugarcanecrops.com/agronomic_practices/detrashing/ https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20103065565 A pruning process in which branches from either standing or downed trees are removed. limbing process limbing A pruning process in which branches from either standing or downed trees are removed. http://extension.missouri.edu/p/G1958 A planned process in which a rigid support is used to support, or to prevent from falling a crop or a tree. staking process Need a better definition to know if staking and propping are exactly the same process, or have differences. propping process A planned process in which a rigid support is used to support, or to prevent from falling a crop or a tree. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/propping An harvest process that involves a multiple step process to turns green, perishable, forage into a product that can be safely stored and easily transported without danger of spoilage. haymaking process An harvest process that involves a multiple step process to turns green, perishable, forage into a product that can be safely stored and easily transported without danger of spoilage. http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x7660e/x7660e06.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay An harvest process in which the cut herbage is putting into rows for further handling and collection, and sometimes also for protection at night. swathing windrowing An harvest process in which the cut herbage is putting into rows for further handling and collection, and sometimes also for protection at night. http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x7660e/x7660e06.htm An harvesting process in which dry forage is bound by ropes into a bale. baling process An harvesting process in which dry forage is bound by ropes into a bale. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/baling An harvest process in which herbage is put into cocks (small heaps). It is an intermediate stage of herbage drying used in some manual systems. trussing process An harvest process in which herbage is put into cocks (small heaps). It is an intermediate stage of herbage drying used in some manual systems. http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/x7660e/x7660e06.htm A planned process in which the harvest is stored. storage process agricultural product storage process An harvest process in which the mature part of the crop is cut. cutting process An harvest process in which the mature part of the crop is cut. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/postproductioncourse/index.php/what-is-harvesting/cutting-the-rice-crop Maximum width of an agronomical field. field maximum width An cropping system in which a definite cycle of crops or crop types is grown in succession on the same land. crop rotation process rotation rotation process crop rotation An cropping system in which a definite cycle of crops or crop types is grown in succession on the same land. Yates (1954) notes the agricultural definition is looser than an experimental one, i.e. substitution of crops or change to the length of the cycle. This definition must regard changes to the period of a rotation cycle as a different rotation, but should allow a rotation to be defined either using either named crops or a combination of named crops and crop types, for example an Oats, Legumes, Wheat rotation. A process in which a definite cycle of management interventions is done on the same land. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495 sequence sequence process An agricultural implement that uses moving forks to aerate or "wuffle" the hay and thus speed up the process of hay-making. It is used after cutting and before windrowing. hay tedder tedder An agricultural implement that uses moving forks to aerate or "wuffle" the hay and thus speed up the process of hay-making. It is used after cutting and before windrowing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedder_(machine) An harvest implement that reaps, threshes, and cleans a crop in one operation. combine harvester An harvest implement that reaps, threshes, and cleans a crop in one operation. Richard Ostler An harvesting process in which root crop are removed from the soil lifting process An harvesting process in which root crop are removed from the soil Richard Ostler A planned process in which an herbicide is applied to a crop shortly before harvest. The purpose is to reduce green crop foliage or assit crop drying. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 Pre-harvest crop desiccation siccation dessication process A planned process in which an herbicide is applied to a crop shortly before harvest. The purpose is to reduce green crop foliage or assit crop drying. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_desiccation An agricultural experiment running over decadal time periods. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495 long-term experiment An agricultural experiment running over decadal time periods. Richard Ostler An agricultural experiment running over less than decadal time periods. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495 short-term experiment An agricultural experiment running over less than decadal time periods. Richard Ostler An agricultural experiment having one or more definite sequences. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495 sequence experiment An agricultural experiment having one or more definite sequences. Richard Ostler An agricultural experiment having more than one definite rotations or a comparison between rotation and mono-cropping. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495 rotation experiment crop rotation experiment An agricultural experiment having more than one definite rotations or a comparison between rotation and mono-cropping. Richard Ostler 1 An agricultural experiment involving the prolonged growing of a single crop. continuous crop experiment continuous mono-cropping experiment monoculture experiment mono-cropping experiment mono-cropping experiment Richard Ostler An cropping system in which a single crop is cultivated in an area at a time. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495 continuous crop continuous mono-cropping mono-cropping monocropping monoculture An cropping system in which a single crop is cultivated in an area at a time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoculture An agricultural experiment in which a sequence of crops is grown without repetition https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495 short-term rotation experiment crop-sequence experiment single cycle experiment An agricultural experiment in which a sequence of crops is grown without repetition Richard Ostler An agronomic experimental design set for rotation experiments rotation experimental design rotation layout A rotation layoutan using series. serial layout A rotation layout that does not use series. Therefore, plots carrying different phases of a rotation are intermixed across the experimental land. non-serial layout A block in which the plots carry the same phase of a rotation. A series is defined to answer management constraints rather than statistical constraints. series A planned process which is a distinguishable part of a rotation process https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495 rotation phase A duration inhering in a crop rotation process rotation duration crop rotation duration An area density unit which is equal to the number of seeds per meters squared. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 seed/m2 seed per meter square An area density unit which is equal to the number of seeds per acre. seed/ac seed per acre An area density unit which is equal to the number of rows per plot. row/plot row per plot An area density unit which is equal to the number of rows per meters squared. row/m2 row per meter square An area density unit which is equal to the number of rows per feet squared. row/ft2 row per foot square An area density unit which is equal to the number of rows per acre. row/ac row per acre An area density unit which is equal to the number of rows per hectare. row/ha row per hectare An area density unit which is equal to the number of plants per hill. plants/hill plants per hill Number of plants per row. plants/row plants per row Number of plants per square meter. plants/m2 plants per square meter An area density unit which is equal to the number of plants per hectare. plants/ha plants per hectare Number of plants per pot. plants/pot plants per pot A planned process in which ridges are created. Ridging, hilling, earthing up ridging process A planned process in which trees, stumps, brush, stones and other obstacles are removed from an area with the intention of creating a potential use for agricultural purposes. land clearing process A planned process in which trees, stumps, brush, stones and other obstacles are removed from an area with the intention of creating a potential use for agricultural purposes. http://www.evansly.co/documents/CLEAR%20AND%20GRUBBING/870218-41_land_clearing.pdf https://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/10/agriculture/content/crops/organic_production/land_development/land_clearing.html An area density quality which inheres in animal manure by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of animal manure applied in a given surface area. An area density quality which inheres in animal manure by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of animal manure applied in a given surface area. amount of animal manure applied animal manure area density An agricultural process using processes that are non-polluting, conserve non-renewable energy and natural resources, are economically efficient, are safe for workers, communities and consumers, and do not compromise the needs of future generations sustainable agriculture process An agricultural process using processes that are non-polluting, conserve non-renewable energy and natural resources, are economically efficient, are safe for workers, communities and consumers, and do not compromise the needs of future generations https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/288329/11-546-future-of-food-and-farming-report.pdf 2 An cropping system in which two or more crops are cultivated in the same space at the same time. intercropping An cropping system in which two or more crops are cultivated in the same space at the same time. https://eap.mcgill.ca/CSI_1.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercropping https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224934832_Annual_intercrops_An_alternative_pathway_for_sustainable_agriculture#pf4 An agricultural process in which two or more plant species are cultivated on the same area, totally mixed without arrangement in distinct rows. mixed intercropping An agricultural process in which two or more plant species are cultivated on the same area, totally mixed without arrangement in distinct rows. https://eap.mcgill.ca/CSI_1.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercropping https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224934832_Annual_intercrops_An_alternative_pathway_for_sustainable_agriculture#pf4 An agricultural process in which two or more plant species are cultivated in separate alternate row. row intercropping An agricultural process in which two or more plant species are cultivated in separate alternate row. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224934832_Annual_intercrops_An_alternative_pathway_for_sustainable_agriculture#pf4 An agricultural process in which two or more plant species are planted simultaneously within the same row in varying seeding ratios. within row intercropping An agricultural process in which two or more plant species are planted simultaneously within the same row in varying seeding ratios. https://eap.mcgill.ca/CSI_1.htm https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224934832_Annual_intercrops_An_alternative_pathway_for_sustainable_agriculture#pf4 An agricultural process in which two or more plant species are cultivated on the same area and where the second crop is sown during the growth, often near the onset of reproductive development or fruiting of the first crop, so that the first crop is harvested to make room for the full development of the second crop relay cropping An agricultural process in which two or more plant species are cultivated on the same area and where the second crop is sown during the growth, often near the onset of reproductive development or fruiting of the first crop, so that the first crop is harvested to make room for the full development of the second crop https://eap.mcgill.ca/CSI_1.htm https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224934832_Annual_intercrops_An_alternative_pathway_for_sustainable_agriculture#pf4 An agricultural process in which a fast-growing crop is seeded simultaneously with a slow-growing crop, so that the first crop is harvested before the second crop starts to mature. temporal intercropping sequential intercropping An agricultural process in which a fast-growing crop is seeded simultaneously with a slow-growing crop, so that the first crop is harvested before the second crop starts to mature. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercropping https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224934832_Annual_intercrops_An_alternative_pathway_for_sustainable_agriculture#pf4 https://eap.mcgill.ca/CSI_1.htm An agricultural process in which two or more plant species are cultivated simultaneously on the same area in different strips wide enough to permit independent cultivation but narrow enough for the crops to interact agronomically. strip intercropping An agricultural process in which two or more plant species are cultivated simultaneously on the same area in different strips wide enough to permit independent cultivation but narrow enough for the crops to interact agronomically. https://eap.mcgill.ca/CSI_1.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercropping https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224934832_Annual_intercrops_An_alternative_pathway_for_sustainable_agriculture#pf4 The date of a land clearing process land clearing date A process in which vegetation is cut down and burned as a method of clearing the land for cultivation. S&B fire-fallow cultivation slash-and-burn slash-and-burn process A process in which vegetation is cut down and burned as a method of clearing the land for cultivation. https://www.rainforestsaver.org/what-slash-and-burn-farming A process in which vegetation is cut down and removed from the land. slash-and-remove process A process in which rocks are crushed to clear the land. rock crushing process A process in which vegetation is cut down, grinded and mulched on the cleared land. cut and grind process A process in which vegetation is cut down, grinded and mulched on the cleared land. https://www.marksclearing.com/5-popular-land-clearing-techniques/ A process in which slashed vegetation is piled together and burned. pile and burn process A process in which slashed vegetation is piled together and burned. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/environment/air-land-water/air/air-pollution/smoke-burning/industrial A process in which vegetation is burned as a method of clearing the land. burn technique land burning process A process in which rocks are removed to clear the land. rock removal process A process in which roots are crushed to clear the land. roots crushing process The date of a ridging process ridging date A device used to create ridges. ridging device ridging implement A device used to create ridges at the same time than planting. ridging device mounted on planting implement The concentration of crop residue when measured in liquid water. Concentration of water in crop residue. crop residue moisture A device that applys the spray liquid through nozzles, which are attached to a horizontal structure (boom) and which are normally directed towards the ground. A device used to spray a liquid. sprayer A device that applys the spray liquid through nozzles, which are attached to a horizontal structure (boom) and which are normally directed towards the ground. http://www.fao.org/3/Y2753E/Y2753E00.htm An implement which is a pipe for distributing spray using attached nozzles. It has a list of system components that work together to deliver the spray fluid. boom sprayer An implement which is a pipe for distributing spray using attached nozzles. It has a list of system components that work together to deliver the spray fluid. https://www.google.com/patents/US8420070 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sprayer&oldid=1031049884 An agricultural implement that harvests forage plants to make silage. chopper forager silage harvester forage harvester forage harvester https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forage_harvester An agricultural implement that cuts and often also gathers crops when they are ripe. reapper An agricultural implement that cuts and often also gathers crops when they are ripe. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaper An agricultural implement, resembling a plow, that pulls up harvestable parts of plants growing underground. digger An agricultural implement, resembling a plow, that pulls up harvestable parts of plants growing underground. https://www.britannica.com/topic/root-crop A width entity that inheres in some ridge. ridge width Distance between the top and the bottom of a ridge. A height entity that inheres in some ridge. ridge height Distance between two ridges. distance between ridges All living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds and foliage. aboveground organic material aboveground biomass All living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds and foliage. http://www.fao.org/3/j9345e/j9345e12.htm All living biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than (suggested) 2mm diameter are sometimes excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. below-ground biomass All living biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than (suggested) 2mm diameter are sometimes excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. http://www.fao.org/3/j9345e/j9345e12.htm Young sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed. seedling Young sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a seed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedling A proccess in which water inputs rely only on rainfall. no irrigation rainfed zero irrigation rainfed process A proccess in which water inputs rely only on rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainfed_agriculture A manual tool used to sow large seeds in rows or in bunches on plastic mulch films or in the earth. This device is used to sow seeds manually, while standing in a natural position. jab planter A manual tool used to sow large seeds in rows or in bunches on plastic mulch films or in the earth. This device is used to sow seeds manually, while standing in a natural position. https://www.terrateck.com/en/plantoirs/34-canne-a-semer.html A moistness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being partially covered in liquid. moist A crop residue removal process in which crop residues are removed from the field. crop residue removal process Use more defined class with better reasoning mm/plot obsolete_millimeter per plot true Number of plant per feet squared. plants/ft2 plants per foot square Use more defined class with better reasoning in/plot obsolete_inch per plot true Number of plants per plot. plants/plot plants per plot Number of square meters of agricultural field or plot harvested. number of m2 harvested number of m2 units harvested number of square meter harvested Distance between the ground and the point where the plant is cut for harvest. harvest cut height The amount of a pesticide obsolete pesticide amount true Number of pesticide process total number of pesticide application number of pesticide application The time of a pesticide application process timing of pesticide application pesticide application date The amount of a weeding chemical obsolete weeding chemical amount true Distance between water source and field. source distance distance between the water source and the field A planned process which confines all machinery loads to the least possible area of permanent traffic lanes. The permanent traffic lanes are normally parallel to each other. CTF controlled traffic controlled traffic farming A planned process which confines all machinery loads to the least possible area of permanent traffic lanes. The permanent traffic lanes are normally parallel to each other. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_traffic_farming https://qcat.wocat.net/en/wocat/technologies/view/technologies_945/ Process which involves the selective removal of certain parts of a plant or a tree, such as branches, buds, or roots. pruning pruning method pruning process Process which involves the selective removal of certain parts of a plant or a tree, such as branches, buds, or roots. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning Process which involves cutting the plants back 6 to 12 inches above ground level. renewal pruning process renewal pruning Process which involves cutting the plants back 6 to 12 inches above ground level. https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B961&title=Pruning%20Ornamental%20Plants%20in%20the%20Landscape An agricultural experimental plot from which unwanted areas have been removed, most often the outside rows. net plot An agricultural experimental plot from which unwanted areas have been removed, most often the outside rows. Huelsen, W. A. (1943). Stand irregularity and its relation to the yields of sweet corn. Journal of Agricultural Research, 67(5), 211–224. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND43969864/PDF http://unaab.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/481_PCP%20501.pdf Agricultural experimental plot area, where the quantity measure inheres in area size, covering the field trial. Merged with 'plot' as hasExactSynonym obsolete_gross plot true Agricultural experimental plot area, where the quantity measure inheres in area size, covering the field trial. Huelsen, W. A. (1943). Stand irregularity and its relation to the yields of sweet corn. Journal of Agricultural Research, 67(5), 211–224. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND43969864/PDF A measurement datum that is a unique identifier of a precise geographic location on the earth, usually expressed in alphanumeric characters geographic coordinate system GPS coordinates measurement datum geo-location geolocation GPS coordinates A measurement datum that is a unique identifier of a precise geographic location on the earth, usually expressed in alphanumeric characters https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/GPS-coordinates A unique identifier of the postion a field on earth, usually expressed in alphanumeric characters. field location field geolocation geo-location of a field GPS coordinates of a field Latitude coordinate of a field. field latitude coordinate measurement datum field latitude coordinate Longitude coordinate of a field. field longitude coordinate measurement datum field longitude coordinate An agricultural process in which rows of trees and/or shrubs are planted to create alleys within which agricultural or horticultural crops are produced. alleycropping hedgerow intercropping A cropping system that involves growing crops in a wide strip, typically 6 meters in width, between lines of closely planted, fast-growing trees or shrubs. These woody species are usually leguminous and are pruned frequently to provide a mulching material and nutrients to the crop in the alley. alley cropping An agricultural process in which rows of trees and/or shrubs are planted to create alleys within which agricultural or horticultural crops are produced. https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/practices/alley-cropping.php An agricultural process in which the integration of trees or shurbs, pasture and grazing livestock operations on the same land is deliberate. silvopastoral system silvopasture An agricultural process in which the integration of trees or shurbs, pasture and grazing livestock operations on the same land is deliberate. https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/practices/silvopasture.php A perennial cropping system featuring multiple layers or strata occupied by different trees and other perennial crops. CMSAFs Complex multistrata agroforestry systems multistrata agroforestry A perennial cropping system featuring multiple layers or strata occupied by different trees and other perennial crops. https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/multistrata-agroforestry/technical-summary Prunings from trees (leaves, branches,...) tree prunings Woody species planted and left to grow during fallow. improved fallow Woody species planted and left to grow during fallow. http://www.fao.org/forestry/agroforestry/89998/en/ A land-use systems and technologies where woody perennials (trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos, etc.) are deliberately used on the same land-management units as agricultural crops and/or animals, in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence agroforestry practice agroforestry process agroforestry technique agroforestry A land-use systems and technologies where woody perennials (trees, shrubs, palms, bamboos, etc.) are deliberately used on the same land-management units as agricultural crops and/or animals, in some form of spatial arrangement or temporal sequence http://www.fao.org/forestry/agroforestry/80338/en/ A combination of crops and trees on the same land at the same time. agrisilvicultural system agrisilviculture Application of water below full crop requirements compared to a control of conventional irrigation. DI deficit irrigation deficit irrigation process An irrigation process in which part of the root is exposed to drying soil and the remaining is irrigated in accordance with crop requirements and soil drying rate. APRI PRD alternate partial rootzone irrigation partial root zone drying alternate partial rootzone irrigation process An irrigation process in which small amounts of water are added to essentially rainfed crops during times when rainfall fails to provide sufficient moisture for normal plant growth. SI supplemental irrigation An irrigation process in which small amounts of water are added to essentially rainfed crops during times when rainfall fails to provide sufficient moisture for normal plant growth. https://www.icid.org/res_irri_supple.html The active collection and storage of water runoff. rainwater harvesting water harvesting process water harvesting A manufactured container within which water is stored. water tank A vegetated area which includes strips of grass within a field or farm created for erosion control, typically they are placed along contour lines. grass strip A crop cultivated on a same location before the current crop. cultivo anterior former crop previous crop this class is a duplicte of the calss: agronomic fertilization process date obsolete fertilizer application date true An band application in which a material entity is applied in bands on surface. band application on surface An band application in which a material entity is applied in bands below surface. band application beneath surface An broadcast application method in which a material entity is uniformly incorportated to an area. broadcast incorporated An broadcast application method in which a material entity is uniformly applied to the surface of an area. broadcast on surface Application of input into the soil close to the seed or plant. localized application An area density unit which is equal to the mass of an object in kilograms divided by the surface area representing a plot. kg/plot kilogram per plot Agricultural experiment performed on a farm. on farm experiment Agricultural experiment performed on a research station. on station experiment Incorporation of crop residue into soil. crop residue incorporation process A process in which crop residue are mulched crop residue spreading process crop residue mulching process A crop residue management process in which crop residue are left in the field. crop residue retained crop residue retention process A crop residue management process in which crop residue are left in the field. A crop residue removal process in which crop residue are grazed crop residue grazing process A crop residue removal process in which crop residue are harvested and removed from the field. crop residue harvest process An plot area quality inhering in a net plot. It corresponds to the plot area minus the unwanted area removed, most often the outside rows. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 net plot area An plot area quality inhering in a net plot. It corresponds to the plot area minus the unwanted area removed, most often the outside rows. https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND43969864/PDF Intercropping in which several rows of crops are interspersed with hedges of fast growing shrubs that are coppiced every few weeks to provide a nitrogen-rich mulch for the crop. hedgerow intercropping Intercropping in which several rows of crops are interspersed with hedges of fast growing shrubs that are coppiced every few weeks to provide a nitrogen-rich mulch for the crop. Sinclair, F.L., 1999. A general classification of agroforestry practice. Agroforestry systems, 46(2), pp.161-180. Elevation above the sea level of a field. agricultural field altitude farmer's field altitude field altitude Elevation above the sea level of a field. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude Distance between two plants in a same row. distance between plants in a row intrarow spacing intra-row spacing Type of seed variety used seed type seed variety type Seed variety locally selected. local seed variety improved seed variety Seed variety produced by cross-pollinated plants. hybrid seed variety Seed variety produced by cross-pollinated plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_seed Latitude coordinate of a weather station weather station latitude Longitude coordinate of a weather station. weather station longitude A unique identifier of the postion a weather station on earth, usually expressed in alphanumeric characters. geo-location of a weather station weather station GPS coordinates GPS coordinates of a weather station Distance between the weather station and the field. distance between a weather station and the field Maximum temperature of air. temperature of air maximum Minimum temperature of air. temperature of air minimum Average temperature of air. temperature of air average Average temperature of air over a day. temperature of air average daily Average temperature of air over a year. average annual temperature temperature of air average yearly Average temperature of air over a month. temperature of air average monthly Minimum temperature of air reached in a day. temperature of air minimum daily Minimum temperature of air reached in a year. temperature of air minimum yearly Maximum temperature of air reached in a day. temperature of air maximum daily Maximum temperature of air reached in a year. temperature of air maximum yearly Humidity that correspond to moisture content of the atmosphere, expressed as a percentage of the amount of moisture that can be retained by the atmosphere at a given temperature and pressure without condensation. relative humidity Humidity that correspond to moisture content of the atmosphere, expressed as a percentage of the amount of moisture that can be retained by the atmosphere at a given temperature and pressure without condensation. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/relative-humidity An agricultural process in which crops are cultivated following crop sequences and management techniques. farming system cropping system An agricultural process in which crops are cultivated following crop sequences and management techniques. http://extension.cropsciences.illinois.edu/handbook/pdfs/chapter05.pdf An agricultural implement that is a small hand-propelled vehicle, usually with just one wheel, designed to be pushed and guided by a single person using two handles at the rear. brouette carretilla wheelbarrow An agricultural implement that is a small hand-propelled vehicle, usually with just one wheel, designed to be pushed and guided by a single person using two handles at the rear. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelbarrow An agricultural implement consisting of a tank and a spraying system attached to wheels. carretilla de aspersión wheelbarrow tank sprayers wheeled sprayer wheelbarrow sprayer An implement that is a mechanical device, used to move the liquids or gases from one place to another by using mechanical action. motobomba motor pump An implement that is a mechanical device, used to move the liquids or gases from one place to another by using mechanical action. https://www.watelectrical.com/motor-pump-working-and-its-types/ An implement consisting of a broad blade fixed to a medium-length handle. palas pelle shovel An implement consisting of a broad blade fixed to a medium-length handle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shovel Sprinkler able to move by its own power. self-propelled sprinkler An agricultural process in which furrow are build in the field. contruction de sillons formación de surcos furrow design process furrow construction process An agricultural process in which furrow are build in the field. https://www.fao.org/3/s8684e/s8684e04.htm An agricultural implement that consists of a long stick ending in a point or embedded in a metal tip that can have the shape of a shovel or spatula, or a straight part and a curved part. It is used to open holes in the ground in South America. coa An agricultural implement that consists of a long stick ending in a point or embedded in a metal tip that can have the shape of a shovel or spatula, or a straight part and a curved part. It is used to open holes in the ground in South America. https://herramientasagricola.com/inicio/ An agricultural implement that consist of a broad blade typically 30 to 45 centimetres long and usually under 3 millimetres thick. machete machette machete An agricultural implement that consist of a broad blade typically 30 to 45 centimetres long and usually under 3 millimetres thick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machete An agricultural implement that is a traditional wooden plough. Arado Egipcio egyptian plow egyptian plough Agricultural implement consisting of either of a series of toothed wheels on one or more horizontal axles or a single large toothed wheel on a vertical axle. herce rotative rotary harrow Agricultural implement consisting of either of a series of toothed wheels on one or more horizontal axles or a single large toothed wheel on a vertical axle. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/rotary+harrow Agricultural implement that consist of a motorized cultivator that works the soil by means of rotating tines or blades. power tiller rotary hoe rotary plough rotary plow rotavator rototiller rotary tiller Agricultural implement that consist of a motorized cultivator that works the soil by means of rotating tines or blades. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Rotary_tiller The depth at which a seed is deposited during a seeding process. sowing depth planting depth seeding depth a trench that is long, narrow, shallow and made in the ground with an agricultural implement. furrow a trench that is long, narrow, shallow and made in the ground with an agricultural implement. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/furrow A lenght quality that inheres in a furrow furrow lenght A planned process that aims to prevent soil erosion. prévention de l'érosion du sol soil conservation soil erosion prevention process area of soil surface covered by stones. soil surface stoniness area of soil surface covered by gravels. soil surface gravelliness The number of seasons number of seasons The distance between a field and the house of a farmer. distance between field and farmer house Fertility quality inhering in soil. Soil fertility is the ability of a soil to sustain plant growth. soil fertility Fertility quality inhering in soil. Soil fertility is the ability of a soil to sustain plant growth. https://www.fao.org/global-soil-partnership/areas-of-work/soil-fertility/en/ A person that own an agricultural field. field owner Number of diseased plants in a plant population expressed as a number or a proportion. disease incidence Number of diseased plants in a plant population expressed as a number or a proportion. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-85063-9_5 Area or proportion of plant tissue that is symptomatic. disease severity Area or proportion of plant tissue that is symptomatic. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-85063-9_5 Amount of herbicide applied on a surface. herbicide amount herbicide application rate herbicide quantity applied herbicide area density Amount of insecticide applied on a surface. insecticide amount insecticide aplication rate insecticide quantity applied insecticide area density An agricultural process in which water is managed on an agricultural field. hydric regime regimen hidrico régime hydrique water management process Amount of rock in an agricultural field. field stone content level of rocks in the field field rockiness Amount of rock in an agricultural field. https://www.agronomy.org/news/science-news/between-rock-and-hard-place/ An plot area quality inhering in a net plot. It corresponds to the plot area harvested minus the unwanted area removed, most often the outside rows. net plot area harvested Equipment used to harvest an animal or its production which is meant for consumption. animal harvesting equipment Equipment used to harvest an animal or its production which is meant for consumption. Emma Griffiths A part of the plucking machine that moves the birds through the stages of plucking within the plucking apparatus plucking belt A part of the plucking machine that moves the birds through the stages of plucking within the plucking apparatus Anoosha Sehar A conveyor belt used to collect eggs in an industrial egg production environment. egg collection belt egg belt A conveyor belt used to collect eggs in an industrial egg production environment. Emma Griffiths An equipment used in the transportation of an animal. animal transportation equipment An equipment used in the transportation of an animal. Emma Griffiths The lining of a box or crate used to transport chicks (juvenile chickens). chick pad The lining of a box or crate used to transport chicks (juvenile chickens). Emma Griffiths A truck used to haul dead animal from an abattoir. dead haul truck A truck used to haul dead animal from an abattoir. Emma Griffiths A truck used to haul live animals. live haul truck A truck used to haul live animals. Emma Griffiths An equipment used to feed and water livestock animals. animal feeding equipment An equipment used to feed and water livestock animals. Emma Griffiths A bowl or pan which is used to feed livestock. feed pan A bowl or pan which is used to feed livestock. Emma Griffiths A bowl from which animals can drink. watering bowl A bowl from which animals can drink. Emma Griffiths The box which is used to transport chick (juvenile chicken). chick box The box which is used to transport chick (juvenile chicken). Emma Griffiths An animal feeding equipment that has a food storage unit and which enables livestock to obtain their own food. animal feeder An animal feeding equipment that has a food storage unit and which enables livestock to obtain their own food. Emma Griffiths An animal feeding equipment that has a water storage unit which enables livestock to obtain their own water. animal drinker An animal feeding equipment that has a water storage unit which enables livestock to obtain their own water. Anoosha Sehar An agricultural process in which the intentional movement of an animal by transport occurs. animal transport animal transportation transportation of animals animal transportation process An agricultural process in which the intentional movement of an animal by transport occurs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_of_animals An agricultural process in which an animal is harvested for consumption. animal harvesting process A carefully designed and maintained ecosystem of useful plants modelled on the structure of young natural woodland, utilising plants of direct and indirect benefit to people – often edible plants. Forest garden can be cultivated on any scale. forest garden A carefully designed and maintained ecosystem of useful plants modelled on the structure of young natural woodland, utilising plants of direct and indirect benefit to people – often edible plants. Forest garden can be cultivated on any scale. Crawford, Martin (2010). Creating a Forest Garden. Green Books. https://www.agroforestry.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/product/creating-a-forest-garden-2/Creating_a_forest_garden.pdf Start date of an experiment. experiment start date End date of an experiment. experiment end date An application method in which a material entity is applied manually. manual application Plant resulting from the union of scion and stock. budded plant grafted plant graft Waste material produced when an animal is processed for consumption. animal processing waste material Waste material produced when an animal is processed for consumption. Waste material produced when poultry is processed for consumption. poultry processing waste material A fluid that leaks from a bag containing an animal carcass, and can include water, chemicals and anatomical fluids. weep fluid A fluid that leaks from a bag containing an animal carcass, and can include water, chemicals and anatomical fluids. Emma Griffiths A type of water obtained from rinsing poultry carcasses during the feather plucking process. poultry plucking water A type of water obtained from rinsing poultry carcasses during the feather plucking process. Emma Griffiths Narrow and shallow channels which are eroded into unprotected soil by hillslope runoff. rill seedbed A ridge seedbed with ridges that follow the contour at a spacing of usually 1 to 2 metres. coutour ridge seedbed A ridge seedbed with ridges that follow the contour at a spacing of usually 1 to 2 metres. Medha Devare A process in which plant disease is treated. disease control process An area density unit which is equal to the number of seeds per hectacre. seed/ha seed per hectare A woody piece or part of a tree used during an agricultural process. stick A planned process in which a sample of soil is taken. soil sample soil sampling process Date of a soil sampling process. sampling date soil sample date soil sampling process date soil sampling date The depth at which a sample of soil is collected during a soil sampling process. sample depth sampling depth soil sampling depth Number of tillage processes over a given period. tillage frequency frequency of tillage process Number of weeding processes over a given period. weed management frequency weeding frequency frequency of weeding process Number of harvesting processes over a given period. harvesting frequency frequency of harvesting process 1 1 An inter-cropping experiement dunring which two or more crops are grown on the same field. The planting of the second crop occurs after the first one has completed its development. relay cropping experiment An inter-cropping experiement dunring which two or more crops are grown on the same field. The planting of the second crop occurs after the first one has completed its development. http://www.oisat.org/control_methods/cultural__practices/intercropping.html A role that inheres in an organism that is harvested for food, clothing, livestock,fodder, biofuel, medicine, or other uses. crop crop role A role that inheres in an organism that is harvested for food, clothing, livestock,fodder, biofuel, medicine, or other uses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop A crop role that inheres in a crop that is planted first on a land where more than one crop are planted. first crop first crop role A crop role that inheres in a crop that is planted on the same field than another crop after the it has completed its development. relay crop relay crop role A role that inheres in an animal that is kept by humans and trained to perform tasks. draft animal draught animal working animal draft animal role A role that inheres in a human to power an implement. human power role An agricultural implement used during a weeding process weeding implement An agricultural implement that is used to pull out plant from the soil. A weed puller is usually manual. weed puller An agricultural implement that is used to cut grass or any plant that grows on the ground. weed cutter mower A crop residue which is the cut stalks of cereal plants left sticking out of the ground after the grain is harvested. stubble A crop residue which is the cut outter shell or coating of a seed. husk A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed to the soil surface as a little stream, typically from a small diameter tube or a commercially available emitter. Because the application rates generally exceed the soil infiltration rates, small basins or furrows are needed to control the water distribution on the land. bubbler irrigation process A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed to the soil surface as a little stream, typically from a small diameter tube or a commercially available emitter. Because the application rates generally exceed the soil infiltration rates, small basins or furrows are needed to control the water distribution on the land. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167413707800175 A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed under high pressure through small nozzles and sprayed in a fine mist of water over the plants. mist irrigation process A localized irrigation process in which water is conveyed under high pressure through small nozzles and sprayed in a fine mist of water over the plants. https://futurepump.com/smallholder-irrigation-options/ A sprinkler irrigation process in which water is dispersed over the plant through a self-propelled irrigation systems with both ends of the system move at a constant speed up and down the area to irrigate. linear move sprinker by lateral move irrigation process A sprinkler irrigation process in which water is dispersed over the plant through a self-propelled irrigation systems with both ends of the system move at a constant speed up and down the area to irrigate. http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/farm-management/soil-and-water/irrigation/centre-pivot-and-lateral-move-systems A sprinkler irrigation process in which water is dispersed over the plant through a system long lateral pipes mounted on 1 to 3 meter wheels in diameter, the pipe serving as an axle. When the desired amount of water has been applied to an area, a gasoline engine at the centre is used to move the side roll to the next area. wheel roll side roll sprinkler irrigation process A sprinkler irrigation process in which water is dispersed over the plant through a system long lateral pipes mounted on 1 to 3 meter wheels in diameter, the pipe serving as an axle. When the desired amount of water has been applied to an area, a gasoline engine at the centre is used to move the side roll to the next area. https://energypedia.info/wiki/Sprinkler_Irrigation A process in which mulch is removed from the soil. mulch removal process An environmental zone prepared for growing plants. land arrangement seedbed A seedbed that is flat. Flat beds are used where water availability is adequate and there are no drainage problem. flat bed leveled land arrangement leveled seedbed flat seedbed A seedbed that is raised-up. They are especially advantageous for clayey soils under high rainfall or wherever else drainage is likely to be poor. raised bed raised seedbed A seedbed that is raised-up. They are especially advantageous for clayey soils under high rainfall or wherever else drainage is likely to be poor. http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-00&cl=CL1.16&d=HASH412cd503b5262205ac14c6.6&gt=1 A seedbed that is below the surrounding soil level. Sunken beds conserve water much more effectively than raised bed sunken bed sunken seedbed A raised seedbed which is long and narrow with steep sides. ridge bed ridge seedbed A raised seedbed that is of rounded form and limited extent. hill bed hill seedbed A harvest implement for grain crops which cuts the stems and binds the stems into bundles or sheaves. The binder is now largely obsolete replaced by the combine harvester. reaper binder binder A harvest implement for grain crops which cuts the stems and binds the stems into bundles or sheaves. The binder is now largely obsolete replaced by the combine harvester. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaper-binder An harvest implement that compresses a cut and raked crop into compact bales. hay baler baler A tillage implement that has multiple sets of vertical tines. Each set of tines is rotated on a vertical axis and tills the soil horizontally. rotary power harrow power harrow An implement that is used in a mowing process. mowing implement The roller is an heavy agricultural tool used for flattening land or breaking up large clumps of soil, especially after ploughing or disc harrowing. Cambridge roller cultipacker roller The roller is an heavy agricultural tool used for flattening land or breaking up large clumps of soil, especially after ploughing or disc harrowing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_(agricultural_tool) An fallow land that is set aside for a period of time and kept free from vegetation by cultivation. bare fallow land A pest role that inheres in an plant. weed role A planned process in which a seedbed is prepared to grow plants. seedbed preparation process A seeding process that is the random scattering of seed. broadcasting seed process A seeding process that is the random scattering of seed. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=101087 A seeding process during which seeds are sown in lines line sowing process A seeding process that consists in placing seeds in holes. seed dibbling process A seeding process that consists in placing seeds in holes. http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=101087 A seeding process which is dropping the seeds in furrow lines in a continuous flow and covering them with soil. drill sowing seed drilling process A material entity that has a fertilizer role and that is derived from animal or vegetable matter. organic fertilizer A material entity that has a fertilizer role and that is mined from mineral deposits or manufactured from synthetic compounds. commercial fertilizer mineral fertilizer inorganic fertilizer A compost that is the product of the decomposition process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. vermi-compost vermiculture vermicompost A compost that is the product of the decomposition process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermicompost A vermicompost that uses earthworms. vermicast worm humus worm feaces worm manure worm castings A vermicompost that uses earthworms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermicompost A limestone that is derived from deposits of primarily calcium carbonate. calcitic limestone A limestone that is derived from deposits of calcium carbonate combined with magnesium carbonate and contains high levels of magnesium. dolomitic limestone A inorganic fertilizer that provides nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. compound fertilizer NPK fertilizer An inorganic fertlizer that facilitates proper deep point placement of urea fertilizer, as urea is used as granules. USG urea super granule A crop that has been harvested after an harvesting process. harvested plant harvested crop A row that has been harvested. row harvested harvested row A plant transplanting process that is done manual by a human being. manual plant transplanting process A plant transplanting process that is done mechanically. mechanical plant transplanting process A weeding process in which chemical is used to manage unwanted weeds. chemical weeding process A weeding process in which physical means such as barriers, traps and handpicking, or physical conditions like high temperature, are used to control unwanted weeds. mechanical control weeding process A weeding process in which extremely cold temperature are used to kill plant. cold treatment weeding process A weeding process in which plants are directly burned and flamed. fire treatment weeding process A mechanical weeding process in which unwanted organisms are removed by hands. handweeding hand picking weeding process A mechanical control weeding process in wich extremely hot temperature are used to kill weeds. heat treatment weeding process A mechanical control weeding process in which a forceful stream of water is used to dislodge unwanted plants. water pressure spraying weeding process An enviromental material that has a role of fertilization agronomic fertilizer A organic fertilizer role that is derived from plants directly growned on the area to be fertilized. green manure role A fertilizer that is obtained by acid chemical attack of a phosphate rock with sulfuric acid. It contains 16 to 20% P2O5. It comes in the form of grey granules. A product made by reaction of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid, usually containing 7 to 10% P (16 to 22% P2O5), composed of monocalcium phosphate, Ca(H2PO4)2, and gypsum, CaSO4. SSP normal superphosphate ordinary superphoshate single superphosphate A fertilizer that is obtained by acid chemical attack of a phosphate rock with sulfuric acid. It contains 16 to 20% P2O5. It comes in the form of grey granules. http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/water-soluble-phosphatic-fertilizers A product made by reaction of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid, usually containing 7 to 10% P (16 to 22% P2O5), composed of monocalcium phosphate, Ca(H2PO4)2, and gypsum, CaSO4. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740050601 https://www.soils.org/publications/soils-glossary A fertilizer that is obtained by acid chemical attack of a phosphate rock with phosphoric acid. It contains around 46% P2O5 A product made from phosphate rock and phosphoric acid, usually containing 19 to 21% P (44 to 48% P2O5), and composed of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, Ca(H2PO4)2 . 2H2O. TSP calcium dihydrogen phosphate concentrated superphosphate monocalcium phosphate treble superphosphate triple superphosphate A fertilizer that is obtained by acid chemical attack of a phosphate rock with phosphoric acid. It contains around 46% P2O5 http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/water-soluble-phosphatic-fertilizers A product made from phosphate rock and phosphoric acid, usually containing 19 to 21% P (44 to 48% P2O5), and composed of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate, Ca(H2PO4)2 . 2H2O. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1959.03615995002300010010x https://www.soils.org/publications/soils-glossary A fertilizer that is produced by the condensation between urea and formaldehyde consisting of short chains from methylene-diurea to tetramethylenepentaurea. It is a slow release nitrogenous fertilize, sparingly soluble, and contains at least 35 percent total nitrogen, with at least 60 percent of the total Nitrogen as cold-water-insoluble Nitrogen (CWIN). The unreacted urea Nitrogen content is usually less than 15 percent of the total Nitrogen. UF ureaform A fertilizer that is produced by the condensation between urea and formaldehyde consisting of short chains from methylene-diurea to tetramethylenepentaurea. It is a slow release nitrogenous fertilize, sparingly soluble, and contains at least 35 percent total nitrogen, with at least 60 percent of the total Nitrogen as cold-water-insoluble Nitrogen (CWIN). The unreacted urea Nitrogen content is usually less than 15 percent of the total Nitrogen. http://www.grounds-mag.com/mag/grounds_maintenance_food_turf_slowrelease/ A fertilizer that is produced by the condensation between urea and formaldehyde consisting of short chains from methylene-diurea to tetramethylenepentaurea. It is a slow release nitrogenous fertilize, sparingly soluble. The total N content of these polymers is 39 to 40 percent, with between 25 and 60 percent of the N present as CWIN. The unreacted urea N content generally is in the range of 15 to 30 percent of the total N. MU methylene urea A fertilizer that is produced by the condensation between urea and formaldehyde consisting of short chains from methylene-diurea to tetramethylenepentaurea. It is a slow release nitrogenous fertilize, sparingly soluble. The total N content of these polymers is 39 to 40 percent, with between 25 and 60 percent of the N present as CWIN. The unreacted urea N content generally is in the range of 15 to 30 percent of the total N. http://www.grounds-mag.com/mag/grounds_maintenance_food_turf_slowrelease/ A fertilizer that is a single compound made by the condensation of 2 mols of acetaldehyde and 2 mols of urea. CDU crotonylidene diurea A fertilizer that is a single compound made by the condensation of 2 mols of acetaldehyde and 2 mols of urea. https://www.jircas.go.jp/sites/default/files/publication/jarq/03-4-001-004_0.pdf A fertilizer that is made by coating urea with sulphur and wax to increases nitrogen efficiency. SCU sulfur coated urea A fertilizer that is made by coating urea with sulphur and wax to increases nitrogen efficiency. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coated_urea A planned process which occurs in an agricultural field. agricultural process A measurement datum that is the measure of the latitude coordinate of an agricultural plot. plot latitude plot latitude coordinate measurement datum A measurement datum that is the measure of the longitude coordinate of an agricultural plot. plot longitude plot longitude coordinate measurement datum Proportion of residue incorporated into the soil during a residue management process. residue incorporation percentage Number of land levelling process total number of land levelling passes number of land levelling passes The depth of a puddling process puddling depth The depth of a tillage process tillage depth Number of tillage process total number of tillage passes number of tillage passes The thickness of a crop residue crop residue thickness Area of soil surface covered by crop residues. crop residue percent coverage The depth of a crop residue residue incorporation depth Mass of organic fertilizer applied on a given surface area. organic amendment rate organic fertilizer amount organic fertilizer application rate organic fertilizer quantity organic fertilizer area density Mass of inorganic fertilizer applied on a given surface area. inorganic fertilizer amount inorganic fertilizer quantity inorganic fertilizer area density The area density of a nutrient nutrient amount Number of fertilization process total number of fertilizer applications number of fertilizer applications The area density of a mulch mulch amount Number of irrigation process total number of irrigations number of irrigations The distance of a bund distance between bunds The amount of a agronomic fertilizer obsolete fertilizer amount true Number of weeding process number of weeding interventions number of weeding process number of weedings The amount of a harvested crop number of plants harvested The amount of a harvested row number of rows harvested The length of a harvested row length of rows harvested The distance of a harvested row space between rows harvested The mass of a harvested crop harvested weight amount harvested Number of puddling process number of puddling operations total number of puddling passes number of puddling passes The time of a conventional tillage process conventional tillage date The time of a reduced tillage process reduced tillage date The time of a conservation tillage process conservation tillage date The time of a puddling process puddling date The time of a laser land levelling process laser land levelling date The time of a traditional land levelling process traditional land levelling date The time of a crop residue burning process crop residue burning date The time of a crop residue spreading process crop residue spreading date The time of a localized irrigation process localized irrigation date The time of a sprinkler irrigation process sprinkler irrigation date The time of a sub-irrigation process sub-irrigation date The time of a surface irrigation process surface irrigation date The time of a deep tillage deep tillage date The time of a mulch-till mulch-till process date The time of a ridge-till ridge-till process date The time of a strip-till strip-till process date The time of a mechanical pest destruction process mechanical pest destruction date The time of a mechanical pest exclusion process mechanical pest exclusion date The time of a mechanical pest removal process mechanical pest removal date The time of a mechanical pest control process mechanical pest control date The time of a biological pest control process biological pest control date The time of a chemical pest control process chemical pest control date The time of a weeding process weeding date The time of a threshing process threshing date The time of a winnowing process winnowing date The time of a haymaking process haymaking date The time of a windrowing windrowing date The time of a baling process baling date The time of a trussing process trussing date The time of a cutting process cutting date The time of a lifting process lifting date The time of a desuckering process desuckering date The time of a tree topping process tree topping date The time of a detrashing process detrashing date The time of a limbing process limbing date The time of a drip irrigation process drip irrigation date The time of a pitcher irrigation process pitcher irrigation date The time of a subsurface drip irrigation process subsurface drip irrigation date The time of a subsurface textile irrigation process subsurface textile irrigation date The time of a bubbler irrigation process bubbler irrigation date The time of a mist irrigation process mist irrigation date The time of a center-pivot irrigation process center-pivot irrigation date The time of a sprinker by lateral move irrigation process sprinker by lateral move irrigation date The time of a side roll sprinkler irrigation process side roll sprinkler irrigation date The time of a bassin irrigation process bassin irrigation date The time of a border irrigation process border irrigation date The time of a furrow irrigation process furrow irrigation date The time of a uncontrolled flooding process uncontrolled flooding date The time of a continuous flood process continuous flood date The time of a tillage process tillage date The time of a heat treatment heat treatment date The time of a cold treatment cold treatment date The time of a flood treatment flood treatment date The time of a fire treatment fire treatment date The time of a steam treatment steam treatment date The time of a diatomaceous earth spreading diatomaceous earth spreading date The time of a mulching process mulching date The time of a using barrier process using barrier date The time of a trapping process trapping date The time of a hand picking process hand picking date The time of a water pressure spraying process water pressure spraying date The time of a insect vacuuming process insect vacuuming date The time of a mowing process mowing date The time of a soil solarization treatment soil solarization treatment date The time of a broadcasting seed process broadcasting seed date The time of a line sowing process line sowing date The time of a seed dibbling process seed dibbling date The time of a manual plant transplanting process manual plant transplanting date The time of a mechanical plant transplanting process mechanical plant transplanting date The time of a seeding process date of crop establishement seeding date The time of a agricultural experiment agricultural experiment date The time of a long-term experiment long-term experiment date The time of a short-term experiment short-term experiment date The time of a sequence experiment sequence experiment date The time of a crop rotation experiment crop rotation experiment date The time of a mono-cropping experiment mono-cropping experiment date The time of a single cycle experiment single cycle experiment date The time of a inter-cropping experiment inter-cropping experiment date The time of a crop yield experiment crop yield experiment date The time of a rotational grazing rotational grazing date The time of a continuous grazing continuous grazing date The time of a intensive rotational grazing intensive rotational grazing date The time of a creep grazing creep grazing date The time of a first-last grazing first-last grazing date The time of a holistic planned grazing holistic planned grazing date The time of a mob grazing mob grazing date The time of a strip grazing strip grazing date The time of a controlled grazing controlled grazing date The time of a hohenheim grazing system hohenheim grazing system date The time of a seed drilling process seed drilling date The time of a cold treatment weeding process cold treatment weeding date The time of a fire treatment weeding process fire treatment weeding date The time of a hand picking weeding process hand weeding date handweeding date timing of handweeding hand picking weeding date The time of a heat treatment weeding process heat treatment weeding date The time of a water pressure spraying weeding process water pressure spraying weeding date The time of a land levelling process land levelling date The time of a crop residue management process crop residue management date The time of a irrigation process irrigation date The time of a pest control process pest control date The time of a harvesting process harvest date harvesting date The time of a pruning process pruning date pruning date The time of a liming process liming date The time of a plant transplanting process date of crop establishement transplanting date plant transplanting date The time of a planting process planting date The time of a treatment treatment date The time of a propping process propping date The time of a storage process storage date The time of a crop rotation process crop rotation sart date The time of a sequence process sequence start date The time of a dessication process dessication date The time of a rotation phase rotation phase start date The time of a much removal process much removal date The time of a seedbed preparation process seedbed preparation date The time of an agronomic fertilization process amendment application date amendment date fertilizer application date agronomic fertilization date The time of a crop cultivation process crop cultivation date The time of a relay cropping experiment relay cropping experiment date The time of a regulation of grazing regulation of grazing date The time of a chemical weeding process chemical weeding date The time of a mechanical control weeding process mechanical control weeding date The time of a soil analysis process soil analysis date The time of an experiment experiment date Fresh crop residue wet crop residue fresh crop residue Crop residue that have been dried dry crop residue obsolete concentration of carbon dioxide in soil true obsolete A role that inheres in a material entity that is mined from mineral deposits or manufactured from synthetic compounds and that excludes carbon-containing materials except ureas. 2021-10-20T14:45:35Z obsolete inorganic fertilizer role true obsolete A role that inheres in a material entity that is mined from mineral deposits or manufactured from synthetic compounds and that excludes carbon-containing materials except ureas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizer Fence established by planting large cuttings, that easily produce roots and on which several strings of wire are attached with the obvious purpose of keeping livestock in or out. 2021-12-24T00:21:23Z fenceline planting live fence Fence established by planting large cuttings, that easily produce roots and on which several strings of wire are attached with the obvious purpose of keeping livestock in or out. "Harvey, C.A., Villanueva, C., Villacís, J., Chacón, M., Muñoz, D., López, M., Ibrahim, M., Gómez, R., Taylor, R., Martinez, J. and Navas, A., 2005. Contribution of live fences to the ecological integrity of agricultural landscapes. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 111(1-4), pp.200-230. ecological integrity of agricultural landscapes" Live fence made of trees. Boundary planting are used to delimitate property, agricultural fields, pastures, roads or any other place where fences might be located. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3985-4911 2021-12-27T16:54:13Z barrier planting trees on boundary boundary planting Live fence made of trees. Boundary planting are used to delimitate property, agricultural fields, pastures, roads or any other place where fences might be located. Baker, K., Baumann, D., Michaud, J.S., van Mossel-Forrester, B., 2014. Technical Specification Boundary Planting. Registered Plan Vivo Project: The CommuniTree Carbon Project. 64p. URL: https://takingroot.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/takingroot-boundary-planting.pdf Technical Specification Boundary Planting. https://takingroot.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/takingroot-boundary-planting.pdf Windbreaks are linear plantings of trees and shrubs designed to enhance crop production, protect people and livestock, and benefit soil and water conservation. 2022-01-03T23:59:15Z shelterbelt windbreak Windbreaks are linear plantings of trees and shrubs designed to enhance crop production, protect people and livestock, and benefit soil and water conservation. https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/practices/windbreaks.php Multiple row windbreaks that are planted for both production of tree crops and environmental benefits like wind protection, soil conservation, wildlife habitat. 2022-01-04T00:11:30Z timberbelt Multiple row windbreaks that are planted for both production of tree crops and environmental benefits like wind protection, soil conservation, wildlife habitat. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/agriculture-and-seafood/agricultural-land-and-environment/agroforestry/100100-3_shelterbelts.pdf Fence where one or more rows of trees and/or shrubs are specifically planted to provide a visual screen or intercept light, odour, dust, and noise or a combination thereof. 2022-01-04T00:13:31Z buffer buffer planting Fence where one or more rows of trees and/or shrubs are specifically planted to provide a visual screen or intercept light, odour, dust, and noise or a combination thereof. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/agriculture-and-seafood/agricultural-land-and-environment/agroforestry/100100-3_shelterbelts.pdf Tree plantings which are grown in hedgerows but have been allowed to reach their full height and width. 2022-01-04T00:23:05Z production hedges hedgerow trees Tree plantings which are grown in hedgerows but have been allowed to reach their full height and width. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hedge&oldid=1062906324 Fodder collected to provide cattle farmers with high quality fodder for the dry season. 2022-01-04T00:36:41Z fodder bank Fodder collected to provide cattle farmers with high quality fodder for the dry season. https://hdl.handle.net/10568/44583 Woodlands which exist in farms. 2022-01-04T00:43:04Z farm woodland Woodlands which exist in farms. BRENCHLEY, W. The Management of Farm Woodlands. Nature 146, 475 (1940). https://doi.org/10.1038/146475a0 https://smallfarmersjournal.com/an-introduction-to-farm-woodlands/ Trees which have ecological functions in landscapes like offering shelter and food sources for animals, enhancing landscape connectivity by acting as stepping stones, and functioning as nuclei for plant regeneration in disturbed landscapes. 2022-01-04T00:50:58Z isolated trees paddock trees pasture trees remnant trees Scattered trees may enhance the provision of ecosystem services that might benefit farmers and owners of rural properties, such as pollination of crops, shading for cattle, regulation of nitrogen dynamics and carbon sequestration, herbaceous production, and wood provision. scattered trees Trees which have ecological functions in landscapes like offering shelter and food sources for animals, enhancing landscape connectivity by acting as stepping stones, and functioning as nuclei for plant regeneration in disturbed landscapes. https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.12943 An agroforestry process where peasant farmers are permitted to seed crops between trees during the establishment phase of plantation forestry. 2022-01-04T00:56:20Z taungya farming An agroforestry process where peasant farmers are permitted to seed crops between trees during the establishment phase of plantation forestry. Sinclair, F.L., 1999. A general classification of agroforestry practice. Agroforestry systems, 46(2), pp.161-180. An agroforestry practice based on trees, shrubs and perennial plants to create a carefully designed and maintained ecosystem of useful plants modelled on the structure of young natural woodland, utilising plants of direct and indirect benefit to people. 2022-01-04T01:00:02Z Woodland garden forest garden forest garden practice An agroforestry practice based on trees, shrubs and perennial plants to create a carefully designed and maintained ecosystem of useful plants modelled on the structure of young natural woodland, utilising plants of direct and indirect benefit to people. Crawford, Martin (2010). Creating a Forest Garden. Green Books. https://www.agroforestry.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/product/creating-a-forest-garden-2/Creating_a_forest_garden.pdf https://www.agroforestry.co.uk/about-agroforestry/forest-gardening/ A cropping system in which relatively short periods of cultivation are followed by relatively long periods of fallow. 2022-01-04T01:04:12Z swidden agriculture swidden farming shifting cultivation A cropping system in which relatively short periods of cultivation are followed by relatively long periods of fallow. FAO, 1982. University of Ibadan Workshop on Shifting Cultivation and Extension, in Ibadan. https://www.fao.org/3/r1340E/r1340e04.htm https://www.cfc.umt.edu/rattan/files/Swidden%20agriculture.pdf https://www.survivalinternational.org/about/swidden Agroforestry practice in which grazing occurs in a forest area. 2022-01-04T01:08:02Z plantation grazing forest grazing Agroforestry practice in which grazing occurs in a forest area. https://forestry.usu.edu/news/utah-forest-facts/forest-grazing-managing-your-land-for-trees-forage-and-livestock 2 An agricultural experiment during which at least two different crops are grown at the same time. inter-cropping experiment A environmental material which contains living microorganisms, which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. bio-fertilizer biofertilizer A environmental material which contains living microorganisms, which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofertilizer Charcoal used as a soil amendment. biochar Charcoal used as a soil amendment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochar An animal manure composoed of the excrement of seabirds and bats. guano bird guano A tillage process during which the tillage occurs at 25-30 cm depth. It can be used for deep rooted crop like pigeonpea. deep till deep tillage Fish fertilizer is any fish product that is used specifically to feed plants and soil. fish fertilizer Process to remove unwanted plants from an area of ground. weed control method weed management type weeding management type weeding process Inorganic fertilizer that contains nitrogen nitrogen fertilizer Inorganic fertilizer that contains phosphorus phosphorus fertilizer Inorganic fertilizer that contains potassium potassium fertilizer An area density quality which inheres in ammonium dihydrogen phosphate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium dihydrogen phosphate area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium magnesium phosphate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium magnesium phosphate applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium magnesium phosphate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium magnesium phosphate area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium nitrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium nitrate applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium nitrate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium nitrate area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium nitrate phosphate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium nitrate phosphate applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium nitrate phosphate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium nitrate phosphate area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium phosphate sulfate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium phosphate sulfate applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium phosphate sulfate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium phosphate sulfate area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium polyphosphate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium polyphosphate applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium polyphosphate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium polyphosphate area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium sulfate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium sulfate applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium sulfate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium sulfate area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium sulfate nitrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium sulfate nitrate applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium sulfate nitrate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium sulfate nitrate area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium sulfate urea by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium sulfate urea applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium sulfate urea applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium sulfate urea area density An area density quality which inheres in ammonium thiosulfate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of ammonium thiosulfate applied in a given surface area. amount of ammonium thiosulfate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool ammonium thiosulfate area density An area density quality which inheres in calcium ammonium nitrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of calcium ammonium nitrate applied in a given surface area. amount of calcium ammonium nitrate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool calcium ammonium nitrate area density An area density quality which inheres in calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) applied in a given surface area. amount of calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) area density An area density quality which inheres in calcium carbonate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of calcium carbonate applied in a given surface area. amount of calcium carbonate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool calcium carbonate area density An area density quality which inheres in calcium cyanamide by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of calcium cyanamide applied in a given surface area. amount of calcium cyanamide applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool calcium cyanamide area density An area density quality which inheres in calcium dichloride by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of calcium dichloride applied in a given surface area. amount of calcium dichloride applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool calcium dichloride area density An area density quality which inheres in calcium nitrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of calcium nitrate applied in a given surface area. amount of calcium nitrate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool calcium nitrate area density An area density quality which inheres in calcium oxide by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of calcium oxide applied in a given surface area. amount of calcium oxide applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool calcium oxide area density An area density quality which inheres in copper(II) sulfate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of copper(II) sulfate applied in a given surface area. amount of copper(II) sulfate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool copper(II) sulfate area density An area density quality which inheres in cyanoguanidine by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of cyanoguanidine applied in a given surface area. amount of cyanoguanidine applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool cyanoguanidine area density An area density quality which inheres in diammonium hydrogen phosphate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of diammonium hydrogen phosphate applied in a given surface area. amount of diammonium hydrogen phosphate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool diammonium hydrogen phosphate area density An area density quality which inheres in gypsum by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of gypsum applied in a given surface area. amount of gypsum applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool gypsum area density An area density quality which inheres in limestone by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of limestone applied in a given surface area. amount of limestone applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool limestone area density An area density quality which inheres in magnesium carbonate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of magnesium carbonate applied in a given surface area. amount of magnesium carbonate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool magnesium carbonate area density An area density quality which inheres in magnesium nitrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of magnesium nitrate applied in a given surface area. amount of magnesium nitrate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool magnesium nitrate area density An area density quality which inheres in magnesium oxide by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of magnesium oxide applied in a given surface area. amount of magnesium oxide applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool magnesium oxide area density An area density quality which inheres in magnesium sulfate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of magnesium sulfate applied in a given surface area. amount of magnesium sulfate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool magnesium sulfate area density An area density quality which inheres in phosphoric acid by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of phosphoric acid applied in a given surface area. amount of phosphoric acid applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool phosphoric acid area density An area density quality which inheres in potassium carbonate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of potassium carbonate applied in a given surface area. amount of potassium carbonate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool potassium carbonate area density An area density quality which inheres in potassium chloride by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of potassium chloride applied in a given surface area. amount of potassium chloride applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool potassium chloride area density An area density quality which inheres in potassium dihydrogen phosphate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of potassium dihydrogen phosphate applied in a given surface area. amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool potassium dihydrogen phosphate area density An area density quality which inheres in potassium metaphosphate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of potassium metaphosphate applied in a given surface area. amount of potassium metaphosphate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool potassium metaphosphate area density An area density quality which inheres in potassium nitrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of potassium nitrate applied in a given surface area. amount of potassium nitrate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool potassium nitrate area density An area density quality which inheres in sodium nitrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of sodium nitrate applied in a given surface area. amount of sodium nitrate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool sodium nitrate area density An area density quality which inheres in sodium selenate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of sodium selenate applied in a given surface area. amount of sodium selenate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool sodium selenate area density An area density quality which inheres in urea by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of urea applied in a given surface area. amount of urea applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool urea area density An area density quality which inheres in urea ammonium nitrate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of urea ammonium nitrate applied in a given surface area. amount of urea ammonium nitrate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool urea ammonium nitrate area density An area density quality which inheres in zinc sulfate by virtue of some influence exerted by the mass of zinc sulfate applied in a given surface area. amount of zinc sulfate applied Generated by pattern 'agro/patterns/chemical_area_density', using dosdp-tools and ROBOT tool zinc sulfate area density A planned process in which fertilizer is applied to an environmental material to promote the growth of a plant. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 fertilization fertilization process fertilizer application agronomic fertilization process Group together tillage and no-till processes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 tillage An experiment in which a scientific method is implemented for testing crop yield. crop yield experiment A planned process during which the environment of a crop plant is maintained such that the plant grows crop cultivation process Multiple sites within which agricultural experimental process is conducted agricultural experimental multiplot A planned process that has specified output a software product and that involves the creation of source code. Mathias Brochhausen William R. Hogan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development A planned process resulting in a software product involving the creation of source code. software development A measurement datum that is the output of counting. Mathias Brochhausen A measurement datum that is the output of counting. count The planned process of finding the number of elements in a finite set of objects. Mathias Brochhausen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counting The planned process of finding the number of elements in a finite set of objects. counting software source code version control repository A document that comprises at least one source code module and provenance data about who contributed the set of files making up the module(s), and optionally comprises also multiple versions of files with detailed change history about who committed files and when, a license for the software, readme files, documentation, executables, etc. William R. Hogan Refers to the stuff that lives on GitHub, not to GitHub or the git software on which it is based source code repository process of compiling software A planned process that converts human-written or curated software into a machine-executable or interpretable set of instructions. William R. Hogan It's compiling "software" (scare quotes) and not "source code" because you can compile Java bytecode to machine code, and Java bytecode is not technically "source code". Compiling source code would be a subclass of this class (as would compiling Java bytecode, etc.). Source code can be automatically generated to some extent, but we're assuming humans still curate it minimally. Also, in the case of Java and its JVM, it's machine interpretable instructions, not directly executable. Ditto for other languages with intermediate form like Java byte code. compiling software creating a data set A planned process that has a data set as its specified output. William R. Hogan data set creation dataset creation dataset creating entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/017-002 For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] A continuant that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities. obsolete dependent continuant true s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional per discussion with Barry Smith A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] 2d-s-region TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion an infinitely thin plane in space. the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] two-dimensional spatial region A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] st-region SpatiotemporalRegion the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis. the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself. Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] spatiotemporal region A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/083-003 (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] 0d-s-region ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] zero-dimensional spatial region A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant specifically dependent continuant b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/050-003 Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] fiat-object-part FiatObjectPart or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29 the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body. the Western hemisphere of the Earth the division of the brain into regions the division of the planet into hemispheres the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body the upper and lower lobes of the left lung BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] fiat object fiat object part b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] 1d-s-region OneDimensionalSpatialRegion an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space. A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] one-dimensional spatial region A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] 3d-s-region ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion a cube-shaped region of space a sphere-shaped region of space, A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] three-dimensional spatial region A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] p-boundary ProcessBoundary the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] 1d-t-region OneDimensionalTemporalRegion the temporal region during which a process occurs. BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] one-dimensional temporal region A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] cf-boundary ContinuantFiatBoundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions. BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29 Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] continuant fiat boundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity 1d-cf-boundary OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary The Equator all geopolitical boundaries all lines of latitude and longitude the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin. the median sulcus of your tongue a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] process-profile ProcessProfile On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] process profile b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] r-quality RelationalQuality John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. a marriage bond, an instance of requited love, an obligation between one person and another. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] relational quality b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] 2d-cf-boundary TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] 0d-cf-boundary ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary the geographic North Pole the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system. the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. requested by Melanie Courtot a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] 0d-t-region ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary right now the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death. temporal instant. A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] zero-dimensional temporal region A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) anatomical entity organism or virus or viroid biological entity Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. electron Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron electron electron ChEBI electron IUPAC electron KEGG_COMPOUND Elektron ChEBI beta IUPAC beta(-) ChEBI beta-particle IUPAC e IUPAC e(-) UniProt e- KEGG_COMPOUND negatron IUPAC A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid. dipotassium carbonate Carbonate of potash Carbonic acid, dipotassium salt K2CO3 Kaliumcarbonat Potassium carbonate, anhydrous potassium carbonate dipotassium carbonate IUPAC Carbonate of potash ChemIDplus Carbonic acid, dipotassium salt ChemIDplus K2CO3 ChEBI Kaliumcarbonat ChemIDplus Potassium carbonate, anhydrous ChemIDplus A compound used with herbicides that reduces the effect of the herbicide on crop plants or otherwise improves the selectivity of the herbicide for weed species over the crop plant. herbicide safeners herbicide safener herbicide safeners ChEBI A reagent that lightens or whitens a substrate through chemical reaction. Bleaching reactions usually involve oxidative or reductive processes that degrade colour systems. Bleaching can occur by destroying one or more of the double bonds in the conjugated chain, by cleaving the conjugated chain, or by oxidation of one of the other moieties in the conjugated chain. Their reactivity results in many bleaches having strong bactericidal, disinfecting, and sterilising properties. bleaching agent A prodrug that, on administration, undergoes chemical conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the pharmacologically active pesticide for which it is a propesticide. pro-pesticide pro-pesticides propesticides propesticide pro-pesticide ChEBI pro-pesticides ChEBI propesticides ChEBI A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the pharmacologically active herbicide for which it is a proherbicide. pro-herbicide pro-herbicides proherbicides proherbicide pro-herbicide ChEBI pro-herbicides ChEBI proherbicides ChEBI A compound that, on administration, undergoes conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the active agent for which it is a pro-agent. pro-agents proagent proagents pro-agent pro-agents ChEBI proagent ChEBI proagents ChEBI An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included. metalloid metalloids metalloid atom metalloid ChEBI metalloids ChEBI A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. inorganic acids mineral acid mineral acids inorganic acid inorganic acids ChEBI mineral acid ChEBI mineral acids ChEBI Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity gas molecular entity gas molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entity ChEBI A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion that is the carbanion obtained by removal of the acidic proton from position 21 of any chlorophyll. Major species at pH 7.3 a chlorophyll chlorophyll(1-) a chlorophyll UniProt An isotopically modified compound in which the abundance of a (13)C isotope at one or more positions has been increased above that of the naturally occurring level. (13)C-enriched compound (13)C-enriched compounds (13)C-labeled compound (13)C-labeled compounds (13)C-labelled compound (13)C-labelled compounds (13)C-modified compounds (13)C-modified compound (13)C-enriched compound ChEBI (13)C-enriched compounds ChEBI (13)C-labeled compound ChEBI (13)C-labeled compounds ChEBI (13)C-labelled compound ChEBI (13)C-labelled compounds ChEBI (13)C-modified compounds ChEBI Any molecular entity in which the isotopic ratio of nuclides for at least one element deviates measurably from that occurring in nature. The term includes both isotopically substituted compounds (in which essentially all the molecules of the compound have only the indicated nuclide(s) at each designated position) and isotopically labeled compounds (a formal mixture of an isotopically unmodified compound with one or more analogous isotopically substituted compound(s). isotopically modified compounds isotopically modified compound isotopically modified compounds ChEBI carbamate Carbamat Karbamat carbamate ion carbamic acid, ion(1-) carbamate carbamate IUPAC carbamate UniProt Carbamat ChEBI Karbamat ChEBI carbamate ion ChemIDplus carbamic acid, ion(1-) ChemIDplus A chemical compound that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the compound. sensitisers sensitizer sensitizers sensitiser sensitisers ChEBI sensitizer ChEBI sensitizers ChEBI A mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate used as a feriliser to provide both nitrogen and sulfur nutrients. SULFAN Saletrosan ammonium sulfate nitrate SULFAN ChEBI Saletrosan ChEBI An inorganic ammonium salt composed of ammonium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio. It is used in the leaching of gold and silver, as a fertilizer and as a photographic fixing salt. ammonium thiosulfate diammonium sulfurothioate ATS Thio-Sul ammo hypo ammonium hyposulfite ammonium thiosulphate bisammonium sulfurothioate diammonium thiosulfate diammonium thiosulphate thiosulfuric acid diammonium salt ammonium thiosulfate ammonium thiosulfate ChemIDplus diammonium sulfurothioate IUPAC ATS ChEBI Thio-Sul ChemIDplus ammo hypo ChemIDplus ammonium hyposulfite ChemIDplus ammonium thiosulphate ChemIDplus bisammonium sulfurothioate IUPAC diammonium thiosulfate ChemIDplus diammonium thiosulphate ChEBI thiosulfuric acid diammonium salt ChemIDplus inorganic ammonium salts inorganic ammonium salt inorganic ammonium salts ChEBI An inorganic ammonium salt of polyphosphate. It is used as a flame retardant and as a fertilizer. The chain length (n) of this polymer is variable and can be linear or branched. ammonium polyphosphate AP 422 AP 462 APP APP 422 Albaplas AP 95 Amgard CL Amgard MC Amgard TR Antiblaze MC Antiblaze MCM Budit 3076 Budit 3076DC Budit 3077 Budit 365 DFP-I Exolit 263 Exolit 422 Exolit 442 Exolit 454 Exolit 455 Exolit 462 Exolit 470 Exolit AP 422 Exolit AP 423 Exolit AP 462 FR-Cros 480 FR-Cros 484 Fire-Trol LCG-R Flameguard PT 8 Hostaflam 423 Hostaflam AP 420 Hostaflam AP 422 Hostaflam AP 462 Hostaflam AP 464 Hostaflam TP-AP 751 Hostaflam TP-AP 752 Novawhite Phos-Chek P 30 Phos-Chek P 40 Phos-Chek P 60 Poly-N 10-34-0 Poly-N 11-37-0 Sumisafe Taien A Taien H polyphosphoric acid ammonium salt ammonium polyphosphate ammonium polyphosphate ChemIDplus AP 422 ChemIDplus AP 462 ChemIDplus APP ChEBI APP 422 ChemIDplus Albaplas AP 95 ChemIDplus Amgard CL ChemIDplus Amgard MC ChemIDplus Amgard TR ChemIDplus Antiblaze MC ChemIDplus Antiblaze MCM ChemIDplus Budit 3076 ChemIDplus Budit 3076DC ChemIDplus Budit 3077 ChemIDplus Budit 365 ChemIDplus DFP-I ChemIDplus Exolit 263 ChemIDplus Exolit 422 ChemIDplus Exolit 442 ChemIDplus Exolit 454 ChemIDplus Exolit 455 ChemIDplus Exolit 462 ChemIDplus Exolit 470 ChemIDplus Exolit AP 422 ChemIDplus Exolit AP 423 ChemIDplus Exolit AP 462 ChemIDplus FR-Cros 480 ChemIDplus FR-Cros 484 ChemIDplus Fire-Trol LCG-R ChemIDplus Flameguard PT 8 ChemIDplus Hostaflam 423 ChemIDplus Hostaflam AP 420 ChemIDplus Hostaflam AP 422 ChemIDplus Hostaflam AP 462 ChemIDplus Hostaflam AP 464 ChemIDplus Hostaflam TP-AP 751 ChemIDplus Hostaflam TP-AP 752 ChemIDplus Novawhite ChemIDplus Phos-Chek P 30 ChemIDplus Phos-Chek P 40 ChemIDplus Phos-Chek P 60 ChemIDplus Poly-N 10-34-0 ChemIDplus Poly-N 11-37-0 ChemIDplus Sumisafe ChemIDplus Taien A ChemIDplus Taien H ChemIDplus polyphosphoric acid ammonium salt ChemIDplus An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with one equivalent of ammonium phosphate. ammonium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen sulfate ammonium phosphate sulphate diammonium phosphate sulfate diammonium phosphate sulphate ammonium phosphate sulfate ammonium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen sulfate IUPAC ammonium phosphate sulphate ChEBI diammonium phosphate sulfate ChEBI diammonium phosphate sulphate ChemIDplus A mixture that contains ammonium nitrate mixed with potash and/or phosphate. It is used in the fertilizer industry. Such high analysis mixtures i.e., rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, can be applied directly to the soil or can be mixed with other fertilizer ingredients to provide a complete fertilizer. ANP ammonium nitrate fertilizers, with phosphate or potash ammonium nitrate phosphate ANP ChEBI ammonium nitrate fertilizers, with phosphate or potash ChemIDplus A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs. 1-cyanoguanidine 2-cyanoguanidine ACR-H 3636 AI3-14632 Adeka EH 3636 Adeka EH 3636AS Araldite HT 986 Araldite XB 2879B Araldite XB 2979B Bakelite VE 2560 DCD DICY Dyhard 100S Epicure DICY 15 Epicure DICY 7 N-cyanoguanidine Pyroset DO XB 2879B dicyandiamide dicyandiamido dicyandiamin dicyanodiamide guanidine-1-carbonitrile cyanoguanidine 1-cyanoguanidine IUPAC 2-cyanoguanidine ChemIDplus ACR-H 3636 ChemIDplus AI3-14632 ChemIDplus Adeka EH 3636 ChEBI Adeka EH 3636AS ChEBI Araldite HT 986 ChemIDplus Araldite XB 2879B ChemIDplus Araldite XB 2979B ChemIDplus Bakelite VE 2560 ChemIDplus DCD ChEBI DICY ChEBI Dyhard 100S ChEBI Epicure DICY 15 ChemIDplus Epicure DICY 7 ChemIDplus N-cyanoguanidine IUPAC Pyroset DO ChemIDplus XB 2879B ChemIDplus dicyandiamide ChemIDplus dicyandiamido ChemIDplus dicyandiamin ChemIDplus dicyanodiamide ChemIDplus guanidine-1-carbonitrile NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A phosphate salt obtained by reacting 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole with one equivalent of phosphoric acid. It is a nitrification inhibitor and when used on crops, it prevents nitrogen loss from soil, increases nitrogen use efficiency, and boosts crop yields. 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole phosphate 3,4-DMPP 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole monophosphate 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate DMPP Entec 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole phosphate 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole phosphate IUPAC 3,4-DMPP ChEBI 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole monophosphate ChEBI 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate ChEBI DMPP ChEBI Entec ChEBI Any inhibitor added to nitrogen fertilizers which can reduce the rate at which ammonium is converted to nitrate. Under appropriate conditions, this can help reduce nitrogen losses through denitrification and leaching. nitrification inhibitors nitrification inhibitor nitrification inhibitors ChEBI A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 4. 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole 3(5),4-dimethylpyrazole 3,4-dimethylpyrazole 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole IUPAC 3(5),4-dimethylpyrazole ChemIDplus 3,4-dimethylpyrazole ChEBI A potassium salt of metaphosphoric acid. potassium oxophosphinate metaphosphoric acid potassium salt monopotassium metaphosphate potassium metaphosphate potassium oxophosphinate IUPAC metaphosphoric acid potassium salt ChemIDplus monopotassium metaphosphate ChEBI An inorganic phosphate that is the ammonium magnesium salt of phosphoric acid. ammonium magnesium phosphate ammonium magnesium orthophosphate azanium magnesium phosphate magnesium(2+) ammonium phosphate phosphoric acid, ammonium magnesium salt ammonium magnesium phosphate ammonium magnesium phosphate IUPAC ammonium magnesium orthophosphate ChemIDplus azanium magnesium phosphate ChEBI magnesium(2+) ammonium phosphate ChEBI phosphoric acid, ammonium magnesium salt ChemIDplus A hydrate that is the hexahydrate form of ammonium magnesium phosphate. It is a constituent of urinary calculi. ammonium magnesium phosphate--water (1/6) azanium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate guanite magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate struvite ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate ammonium magnesium phosphate--water (1/6) IUPAC azanium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate ChEBI guanite ChEBI magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate ChemIDplus struvite ChemIDplus Any agent that induces nausea and vomiting. emetics emetic emetics ChEBI electron donor A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from selenic acid. Selenate selenate tetraoxidoselenate(2-) SELENATE ION [SeO4](2-) selenate Selenate ChemIDplus selenate IUPAC selenate UniProt tetraoxidoselenate(2-) IUPAC SELENATE ION PDBeChem [SeO4](2-) IUPAC A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from hydrogen sulfide. sulfanediide sulfide(2-) S(2-) Sulfide sulphide sulfide(2-) sulfanediide IUPAC sulfide(2-) IUPAC S(2-) IUPAC Sulfide ChemIDplus sulphide ChEBI A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. Acceptor A Akzeptor Hydrogen-acceptor Oxidized donor accepteur acceptor Acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND A KEGG_COMPOUND Akzeptor ChEBI Hydrogen-acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND Oxidized donor KEGG_COMPOUND accepteur ChEBI An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms WATER Water oxidane water BOUND WATER H2O HOH Wasser [OH2] acqua agua aqua dihydridooxygen dihydrogen oxide eau hydrogen hydroxide water WATER PDBeChem Water KEGG_COMPOUND oxidane IUPAC water IUPAC BOUND WATER PDBeChem H2O KEGG_COMPOUND H2O UniProt HOH ChEBI Wasser ChEBI [OH2] IUPAC acqua ChEBI agua ChEBI aqua ChEBI dihydridooxygen IUPAC dihydrogen oxide IUPAC eau ChEBI hydrogen hydroxide ChEBI dioxygen A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom. halide ions HX Halide a halide anion halide anions halide(1-) halides halogen anion halide anion halide ions IUPAC HX KEGG_COMPOUND Halide KEGG_COMPOUND a halide anion UniProt halide anions ChEBI halide(1-) ChEBI halides ChEBI halogen anion ChEBI A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid. sulfurothioate thiosulfate trioxidosulfidosulfate(2-) Hyposulfite S2O3 S2O3(2-) TETRATHIONATE Thiosulfate [SO3S](2-) thiosulfate ion(2-) thiosulphate trioxido-1kappa(3)O-disulfate(S--S)(2-) thiosulfate(2-) sulfurothioate IUPAC thiosulfate IUPAC trioxidosulfidosulfate(2-) IUPAC Hyposulfite KEGG_COMPOUND S2O3 ChEBI S2O3(2-) IUPAC TETRATHIONATE PDBeChem Thiosulfate KEGG_COMPOUND [SO3S](2-) IUPAC thiosulfate ion(2-) ChemIDplus thiosulphate ChemIDplus trioxido-1kappa(3)O-disulfate(S--S)(2-) IUPAC An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. AMMONIA Ammonia ammonia azane Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn ammonia AMMONIA PDBeChem Ammonia KEGG_COMPOUND ammonia IUPAC azane IUPAC Ammoniak ChemIDplus NH3 IUPAC NH3 KEGG_COMPOUND NH3 UniProt R-717 ChEBI [NH3] MolBase ammoniac ChEBI amoniaco ChEBI spirit of hartshorn ChemIDplus A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Hydrogen sulfide dihydridosulfur dihydrogen(sulfide) hydrogen sulfide sulfane H2S HYDROSULFURIC ACID Hydrogen-sulfide Schwefelwasserstoff Sulfide [SH2] acide sulfhydrique dihydrogen monosulfide dihydrogen sulfide hydrogen monosulfide hydrogen sulphide hydrogene sulfure sulfure d'hydrogene hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen sulfide KEGG_COMPOUND dihydridosulfur IUPAC dihydrogen(sulfide) IUPAC hydrogen sulfide IUPAC sulfane IUPAC H2S IUPAC H2S KEGG_COMPOUND HYDROSULFURIC ACID PDBeChem Hydrogen-sulfide KEGG_COMPOUND Schwefelwasserstoff ChemIDplus Sulfide KEGG_COMPOUND [SH2] MolBase acide sulfhydrique ChemIDplus dihydrogen monosulfide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook dihydrogen sulfide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook hydrogen monosulfide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook hydrogen sulphide ChemIDplus hydrogene sulfure ChemIDplus sulfure d'hydrogene ChEBI A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. Sulfate sulfate tetraoxidosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(VI) SO4(2-) SULFATE ION Sulfate anion(2-) Sulfate dianion Sulfate(2-) Sulfuric acid ion(2-) [SO4](2-) sulphate sulphate ion sulfate Sulfate KEGG_COMPOUND sulfate IUPAC sulfate UniProt tetraoxidosulfate(2-) IUPAC tetraoxosulfate(2-) IUPAC tetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC SO4(2-) IUPAC SULFATE ION PDBeChem Sulfate anion(2-) HMDB Sulfate dianion HMDB Sulfate(2-) HMDB Sulfuric acid ion(2-) HMDB [SO4](2-) IUPAC sulphate ChEBI sulphate ion ChEBI A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O). UREA Urea urea 1728 Carbamide E927b H2NC(O)NH2 Harnstoff Karbamid carbamide carbonyldiamide ur uree urea UREA PDBeChem Urea KEGG_COMPOUND urea IUPAC urea UniProt 1728 PPDB Carbamide KEGG_COMPOUND E927b ChEBI H2NC(O)NH2 ChEBI Harnstoff NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Karbamid ChEBI carbamide ChEBI carbonyldiamide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook ur IUPAC uree ChEBI hydridooxygenate(1-) hydroxide oxidanide HO- HYDROXIDE ION Hydroxide ion OH(-) OH- hydroxide hydridooxygenate(1-) IUPAC hydroxide IUPAC oxidanide IUPAC HO- KEGG_COMPOUND HYDROXIDE ION PDBeChem Hydroxide ion KEGG_COMPOUND OH(-) IUPAC OH- KEGG_COMPOUND nitrite carbon dioxide A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group. CYANAMIDE Cyanamide cyanamide Carbodiimide H2N-C#N NH2CN amidocyanogen carbamonitrile cyanoamine cyanamide CYANAMIDE PDBeChem Cyanamide KEGG_COMPOUND cyanamide IUPAC cyanamide UniProt Carbodiimide KEGG_COMPOUND H2N-C#N ChEBI NH2CN ChEBI amidocyanogen ChEBI carbamonitrile ChEBI cyanoamine ChEBI A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body. mineral nutrient mineral nutrients nutrient mineral nutrient minerals mineral nutrient mineral nutrient ChEBI mineral nutrients ChEBI nutrient mineral ChEBI nutrient minerals ChEBI The phosphorus oxoanion formed from polyphosphoric acid by proton loss from each of the phosphate units. The major species at pH 7.3. polyphosphate (Phosphate)n (Phosphate)n+1 (Phosphate)n-1 polyphosphate polyphosphate UniProt (Phosphate)n KEGG_COMPOUND (Phosphate)n+1 KEGG_COMPOUND (Phosphate)n-1 KEGG_COMPOUND carbon monoxide A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide cyanide nitridocarbonate(1-) CN(-) CN- CYANIDE ION Prussiate Zyanid cyanide Cyanide ChEBI Cyanide KEGG_COMPOUND cyanide IUPAC nitridocarbonate(1-) IUPAC CN(-) IUPAC CN- KEGG_COMPOUND CYANIDE ION PDBeChem Prussiate KEGG_COMPOUND Zyanid ChEBI The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. Hydrogencarbonate hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) hydrogencarbonate hydrogencarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) Acid carbonate BICARBONATE ION Bicarbonate HCO3(-) HCO3- [CO2(OH)](-) hydrogen carbonate hydrogencarbonate Hydrogencarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogencarbonate IUPAC hydrogencarbonate UniProt hydrogencarbonate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) IUPAC hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) IUPAC Acid carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND BICARBONATE ION PDBeChem Bicarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND HCO3(-) IUPAC HCO3- KEGG_COMPOUND [CO2(OH)](-) IUPAC hydrogen carbonate PDBeChem A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3. nitrate trioxidonitrate(1-) trioxonitrate(1-) trioxonitrate(V) NITRATE ION NO3 NO3(-) [NO3](-) nitrate(1-) nitrate nitrate IUPAC nitrate UniProt trioxidonitrate(1-) IUPAC trioxonitrate(1-) IUPAC trioxonitrate(V) IUPAC NITRATE ION PDBeChem NO3 ChEBI NO3(-) IUPAC [NO3](-) IUPAC nitrate(1-) ChemIDplus A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. Hydrogen chloride chlorane chloridohydrogen hydrogen chloride Chlorwasserstoff HCl Hydrochloride Hydrogenchlorid Wasserstoffchlorid [HCl] chlorure d'hydrogene cloruro de hidrogeno hydrochloric acid hydrogen chloride Hydrogen chloride KEGG_COMPOUND chlorane IUPAC chloridohydrogen IUPAC hydrogen chloride IUPAC Chlorwasserstoff ChEBI HCl KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrochloride KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrogenchlorid ChEBI Wasserstoffchlorid ChEBI [HCl] IUPAC chlorure d'hydrogene ChEBI cloruro de hidrogeno ChEBI hydrochloric acid ChemIDplus A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. Donor Donator donneur donor Donor KEGG_COMPOUND Donator ChEBI donneur ChEBI A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. Chloride chloride chloride(1-) CHLORIDE ION Chloride ion Chloride(1-) Chlorine anion Cl(-) Cl- chloride Chloride KEGG_COMPOUND chloride IUPAC chloride UniProt chloride(1-) IUPAC CHLORIDE ION PDBeChem Chloride ion KEGG_COMPOUND Chloride(1-) ChemIDplus Chlorine anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Cl(-) IUPAC Cl- KEGG_COMPOUND An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms. dinitrogen N#N N2 Nitrogen molecular nitrogen dinitrogen dinitrogen IUPAC N#N ChEBI N2 IUPAC N2 KEGG_COMPOUND N2 UniProt Nitrogen KEGG_COMPOUND molecular nitrogen ChEBI hydrogen halide hydrogen halides HX hydrogen halides hydrogen halide hydrogen halide IUPAC hydrogen halides IUPAC HX UniProt hydrogen halides ChEBI Selenic acid dihydroxidodioxidoselenium selenic acid H2SeO4 [SeO2(OH)2] selenic acid Selenic acid KEGG_COMPOUND dihydroxidodioxidoselenium IUPAC selenic acid IUPAC H2SeO4 IUPAC [SeO2(OH)2] IUPAC A solution of ammonia in water. Ammonium hydroxide ammonium hydroxide Ammoniumhydroxid E527 NH4OH agua de amoniaco ammonia aqueous ammonia solution ammonia water ammoniaque hidroxido de amonio hydroxyde d'ammonium ammonium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide KEGG_COMPOUND ammonium hydroxide IUPAC Ammoniumhydroxid ChEBI E527 ChEBI NH4OH ChEBI agua de amoniaco ChEBI ammonia aqueous ChemIDplus ammonia solution ChemIDplus ammonia water ChemIDplus ammoniaque ChEBI hidroxido de amonio ChEBI hydroxyde d'ammonium ChEBI An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. iron 26Fe Eisen Fe Iron fer ferrum hierro iron iron atom iron IUPAC 26Fe IUPAC Eisen ChEBI Fe IUPAC Fe UniProt Iron KEGG_COMPOUND fer ChEBI ferrum IUPAC hierro ChEBI iron ChEBI dihydrogen manganese 25Mn Mangan Manganese Mn manganese manganeso manganum manganese atom manganese IUPAC 25Mn IUPAC Mangan NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Manganese KEGG_COMPOUND Mn IUPAC Mn UniProt manganese ChEBI manganeso ChEBI manganum ChEBI A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate. phosphate tetraoxidophosphate(3-) tetraoxophosphate(3-) tetraoxophosphate(V) Orthophosphate PHOSPHATE ION PO4(3-) Phosphate [PO4](3-) phosphate(3-) phosphate IUPAC tetraoxidophosphate(3-) IUPAC tetraoxophosphate(3-) IUPAC tetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC Orthophosphate KEGG_COMPOUND PHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem PO4(3-) IUPAC Phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND [PO4](3-) IUPAC A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it. Nitrile nitrile nitriles Nitril R-CN a nitrile nitrilos nitrile Nitrile KEGG_COMPOUND nitrile IUPAC nitriles IUPAC Nitril ChEBI R-CN KEGG_COMPOUND a nitrile UniProt nitrilos IUPAC A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom Hydrogen cyanide hydridonitridocarbon hydrogen cyanide hydrogen(nitridocarbonate) methanenitrile Blausaeure Cyanwasserstoff HCN [CHN] formonitrile hydrocyanic acid hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen cyanide KEGG_COMPOUND hydridonitridocarbon IUPAC hydrogen cyanide IUPAC hydrogen cyanide UniProt hydrogen(nitridocarbonate) IUPAC methanenitrile IUPAC Blausaeure ChEBI Cyanwasserstoff NIST_Chemistry_WebBook HCN KEGG_COMPOUND [CHN] IUPAC formonitrile IUPAC hydrocyanic acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook sulfur dioxide A calcium salt that lacks C-H bonds inorganic calcium salt A magnesium salt with C-H bonds organic magnesium salt A phosphate salt that lacks C-H bonds inorganic phosphate salt A potassium salt that lacks C-H bonds inorganic potassium salt A substance used to destroy pests of the subclass Acari (mites and ticks). Akarizid Akarizide acaricides miticide acaricide Akarizid ChEBI Akarizide ChEBI acaricides ChEBI miticide ChEBI An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. acyl group alkanoyl acyl groups alkanoyl group groupe acyle acyl group acyl group IUPAC alkanoyl IUPAC acyl groups ChEBI alkanoyl group ChEBI groupe acyle IUPAC alkaline earth metals Erdalkalimetall Erdalkalimetalle alkaline earth metal alkaline-earth metal alkaline-earth metals metal alcalino-terreux metal alcalinoterreo metales alcalinoterreos metaux alcalino-terreux alkaline earth metal atom alkaline earth metals IUPAC Erdalkalimetall ChEBI Erdalkalimetalle ChEBI alkaline earth metal ChEBI alkaline-earth metal ChEBI alkaline-earth metals ChEBI metal alcalino-terreux ChEBI metal alcalinoterreo ChEBI metales alcalinoterreos ChEBI metaux alcalino-terreux ChEBI alkali metals Alkalimetall Alkalimetalle alkali metal metal alcalin metal alcalino metales alcalinos metaux alcalins alkali metal atom alkali metals IUPAC Alkalimetall ChEBI Alkalimetalle ChEBI alkali metal ChEBI metal alcalin ChEBI metal alcalino ChEBI metales alcalinos ChEBI metaux alcalins ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion Anionen aniones anions anion Anion ChEBI anion ChEBI anion IUPAC Anionen ChEBI aniones ChEBI anions IUPAC A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). Base base Base1 Base2 Basen Nucleobase bases base Base ChEBI base ChEBI base IUPAC Base1 KEGG_COMPOUND Base2 KEGG_COMPOUND Basen ChEBI Nucleobase KEGG_COMPOUND bases ChEBI boron molecular entity boron compounds boron molecular entities boron molecular entity boron molecular entity ChEBI boron compounds ChEBI boron molecular entities ChEBI calcium 20Ca Ca Calcium Kalzium calcio calcium calcium atom calcium IUPAC 20Ca IUPAC Ca IUPAC Ca UniProt Calcium KEGG_COMPOUND Kalzium ChEBI calcio ChEBI calcium ChEBI calcium molecular entity calcium compounds calcium molecular entities calcium molecular entity calcium molecular entity ChEBI calcium compounds ChEBI calcium molecular entities ChEBI The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. carbamoyl -C(O)NH2 -CONH2 aminocarbonyl carbamyl carbamyl group carboxamide carbamoyl group carbamoyl IUPAC -C(O)NH2 ChEBI -CONH2 IUPAC aminocarbonyl IUPAC carbamyl ChEBI carbamyl group ChEBI carboxamide IUPAC carbon oxide Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. carbonates carbonyl carbonyl group >C=O carbonyl group carbonyl IUPAC carbonyl group ChEBI carbonyl group UniProt >C=O IUPAC A substance intended to sterilize any organism. chemosterilants chemosterilant chemosterilants ChEBI chloride salts chlorides chloride salt chloride salts ChEBI chlorides ChEBI chlorine 17Cl Chlor Cl chlore chlorine chlorum cloro chlorine atom chlorine IUPAC 17Cl IUPAC Chlor ChEBI Cl IUPAC chlore ChEBI chlorine ChEBI chlorum ChEBI cloro ChEBI A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine. chlorine molecular entity An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). cofactor cofactors cofactor cofactor IUPAC cofactors IUPAC Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet molecular entity molecular entity IUPAC entidad molecular IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC molekulare Entitaet ChEBI copper molecular entity copper compounds copper molecular entities copper molecular entity copper molecular entity ChEBI copper compounds ChEBI copper molecular entities ChEBI copper cation Cu cation copper cations copper cation copper cation IUPAC Cu cation UniProt copper cations ChEBI A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. Copper(II) sulfate copper(2+) sulfate copper(II) sulfate CuSO4 Cupric sulfate copper sulfate cupric sulfate anhydrous copper(II) sulfate Copper(II) sulfate KEGG_COMPOUND copper(2+) sulfate IUPAC copper(II) sulfate IUPAC CuSO4 IUPAC Cupric sulfate ChemIDplus copper sulfate ChemIDplus cupric sulfate anhydrous ChemIDplus Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N. cyanides cyanides cyanides IUPAC A herbicide which when sprayed or dusted on plants causes its leaves to fall off. Defoliationsmittel Entlaubungsmittel defoliants defoliant Defoliationsmittel ChEBI Entlaubungsmittel ChEBI defoliants ChEBI An azole that is either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring. diazoles diazole diazoles ChEBI Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. drugs medicine drug drugs ChEBI medicine ChEBI monoatomic anions monoatomic anion monoatomic anions ChEBI monoatomic cations monoatomic cation monoatomic cations ChEBI A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitors inhibidor enzimatico inhibidores enzimaticos inhibiteur enzymatique inhibiteurs enzymatiques enzyme inhibitor enzyme inhibitor IUPAC enzyme inhibitors ChEBI inhibidor enzimatico ChEBI inhibidores enzimaticos ChEBI inhibiteur enzymatique ChEBI inhibiteurs enzymatiques ChEBI A substance used to destroy fungal pests. fungicides fungicide fungicides ChEBI A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chemical entity chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. biological function biological role biological function ChEBI A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. group Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos group group IUPAC Gruppe ChEBI Rest ChEBI groupe IUPAC grupo IUPAC grupos IUPAC Any organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R(1)R(2)N)(R(3)R(4)N)C=N-R(5) and are related structurally to amidines and ureas. guanidines halogen molecular entity halogen compounds halogen molecular entities halogen molecular entity halogen molecular entity ChEBI halogen compounds ChEBI halogen molecular entities ChEBI halogen halogens Halogene group 17 elements group VII elements halogene halogenes halogeno halogenos halogen halogen IUPAC halogens IUPAC Halogene ChEBI group 17 elements ChEBI group VII elements ChEBI halogene ChEBI halogenes ChEBI halogeno ChEBI halogenos ChEBI A substance used to destroy plant pests. Herbizid Unkrautbekaempfungsmittel Unkrautvertilgungsmittel Wildkrautbekaempfungsmittel herbicides herbicide Herbizid ChEBI Unkrautbekaempfungsmittel ChEBI Unkrautvertilgungsmittel ChEBI Wildkrautbekaempfungsmittel ChEBI herbicides ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. organic heterocycle organic heterocyclic compounds organic heterocyclic compound organic heterocycle ChEBI organic heterocyclic compounds ChEBI hydrocarbon Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids oxoacid oxoacid IUPAC oxoacids IUPAC oxacids ChEBI oxiacids ChEBI oxo acid ChEBI oxy-acids ChEBI oxyacids ChEBI inorganic anions inorganic anion inorganic anions ChEBI A molecular entity that contains no carbon. anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics inorganic molecular entity anorganische Verbindungen ChEBI inorganic compounds ChEBI inorganic entity ChEBI inorganic molecular entities ChEBI inorganics ChEBI inorganic oxides inorganic oxide inorganic oxides ChEBI Any phosphate that contains no carbon atom. inorganic phosphates inorganic phosphate inorganic phosphates ChEBI anorganisches Salz inorganic salts inorganic salt anorganisches Salz ChEBI inorganic salts ChEBI inorganic sulfate salts inorganic sulfates inorganic sulfate salt inorganic sulfate salts ChEBI inorganic sulfates ChEBI Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects. insecticides insecticide insecticides ChEBI A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salts sel sels salt salt IUPAC Salz ChEBI Salze ChEBI ionic compound ChEBI ionic compounds ChEBI sal ChEBI sales ChEBI salts ChEBI sel ChEBI sels ChEBI monoatomic ions monoatomic ion monoatomic ions ChEBI organic salts organisches Salz organic salt organic salts ChEBI organisches Salz ChEBI A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion Ionen iones ions ion Ion ChEBI ion ChEBI ion IUPAC Ionen ChEBI iones ChEBI ions ChEBI magnesium 12Mg Magnesium Mg magnesio magnesium magnesium atom magnesium IUPAC 12Mg IUPAC Magnesium ChEBI Mg IUPAC Mg UniProt magnesio ChEBI magnesium ChEBI magnesium molecular entity magnesium compounds magnesium molecular entities magnesium molecular entity magnesium molecular entity ChEBI magnesium compounds ChEBI magnesium molecular entities ChEBI magnesium porphyrins magnesium porphyrin magnesium porphyrins ChEBI Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. metabolite metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites metabolite metabolite IUPAC metabolites ChEBI primary metabolites ChEBI secondary metabolites ChEBI a metal cation metal cations metal cation a metal cation UniProt metal cations ChEBI metalloporphyrins metaloporphyrins metalloporphyrin metalloporphyrins ChEBI metaloporphyrins ChEBI mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors mitochondrial electron-transport chain inhibitor mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors ChEBI mitochondrial electron-transport chain inhibitor ChEBI mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors ChEBI A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules elemental molecule homoatomic molecule ChEBI homoatomic molecules ChEBI Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds molecule molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC monoatomic monocations monovalent inorganic cations monoatomic monocation monoatomic monocations ChEBI monovalent inorganic cations ChEBI A substance used to destroy pests of the phylum Nematoda (roundworms). nematicides nematocide nematocides nematicide nematicides ChEBI nematocide ChEBI nematocides ChEBI nitrogen 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno nitrogen atom nitrogen IUPAC 7N IUPAC N IUPAC Stickstoff ChEBI azote IUPAC nitrogen ChEBI nitrogeno ChEBI nonmetal Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals nonmetal atom nonmetal IUPAC Nichtmetall ChEBI Nichtmetalle ChEBI no metal ChEBI no metales ChEBI non-metal ChEBI non-metaux ChEBI nonmetal ChEBI nonmetals ChEBI Any organic ion with a net negative charge. organic anions organic anion organic anions ChEBI organic ions organic ion organic ions ChEBI organic oxide An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide oxides oxide oxide ChEBI oxides ChEBI oxygen 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene oxygen atom oxygen IUPAC 8O IUPAC O IUPAC Sauerstoff ChEBI oxigeno ChEBI oxygen ChEBI oxygene ChEBI oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entities oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. pesticide Pestizid Pestizide pesticides pesticide pesticide IUPAC Pestizid ChEBI Pestizide ChEBI pesticides ChEBI Any organic aromatic compound with a structure based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes naturally occurring phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules as well as their semi-synthetic and synthetic analogues. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin. phenylpropanoids phenylpropanoid phenylpropanoids ChEBI Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. phosphates phosphates phosphate phosphates IUPAC phosphates ChEBI A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. Phosphoric acid phosphoric acid tetraoxophosphoric acid trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-) trihydroxidooxidophosphorus H3PO4 Orthophosphoric acid Phosphate Phosphorsaeure Phosphorsaeureloesungen [PO(OH)3] acide phosphorique acidum phosphoricum orthophosphoric acid phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid KEGG_COMPOUND phosphoric acid IUPAC tetraoxophosphoric acid IUPAC trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-) IUPAC trihydroxidooxidophosphorus IUPAC H3PO4 IUPAC Orthophosphoric acid KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphorsaeure ChEBI Phosphorsaeureloesungen ChEBI [PO(OH)3] IUPAC acide phosphorique ChEBI acidum phosphoricum ChEBI orthophosphoric acid NIST_Chemistry_WebBook phosphoric acid derivative phosphorus molecular entities phosphorus molecular entity phosphorus molecular entities ChEBI An endogenous molecular entity that results in a colour of an organism as the consequence of the selective absorption of light. pigments biological pigment pigments ChEBI polyphenylpropanoid Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure. porphyrins porphyrins porphyrins IUPAC potassium 19K K Kalium kalium potasio potassium potassium atom potassium IUPAC 19K IUPAC K IUPAC Kalium ChemIDplus kalium IUPAC potasio ChEBI potassium ChEBI potassium molecular entity potassium molecular entities potassium molecular entity potassium molecular entity ChEBI potassium molecular entities ChEBI Any alkali metal salt having potassium(1+) as the cation. Kaliumsalz Kaliumsalze potassium salts potassium salt Kaliumsalz ChEBI Kaliumsalze ChEBI potassium salts ChEBI pyrazoles selenium molecular entity selenium molecular entities selenium molecular entity selenium molecular entity ChEBI selenium molecular entities ChEBI silicon molecular entity sodium 11Na Na Natrium natrium sodio sodium sodium atom sodium IUPAC 11Na IUPAC Na IUPAC Natrium ChemIDplus natrium IUPAC sodio ChemIDplus sodium ChEBI sodium chloride sodium compounds sodium molecular entities sodium molecular entity sodium compounds ChEBI sodium molecular entities ChEBI Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. Natriumsalz Natriumsalze sodium salts sodium salt Natriumsalz ChEBI Natriumsalze ChEBI sodium salts ChEBI Salts and esters of sulfuric acid sulfates sulfuric acid derivative sulphates sulfates sulfates ChEBI sulfuric acid derivative ChEBI sulphates ChEBI sulfonium compound sulfur 16S Elemental sulfur S Schwefel azufre soufre sulfur sulphur theion sulfur atom sulfur IUPAC 16S IUPAC Elemental sulfur KEGG_COMPOUND S IUPAC S KEGG_COMPOUND Schwefel ChEBI azufre ChEBI soufre ChEBI sulfur ChEBI sulfur UniProt sulphur ChEBI theion IUPAC sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entities sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entity ChEBI sulfur molecular entities ChEBI A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. Sulfuric acid dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate dihydroxidodioxidosulfur hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) sulfuric acid tetraoxosulfuric acid Acide sulfurique Acido sulfurico Acidum sulfuricum H2SO4 Schwefelsaeureloesungen [S(OH)2O2] [SO2(OH)2] sulphuric acid sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid KEGG_COMPOUND dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate IUPAC dihydroxidodioxidosulfur IUPAC hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) IUPAC hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC sulfuric acid ChEBI sulfuric acid IUPAC tetraoxosulfuric acid IUPAC Acide sulfurique ChemIDplus Acido sulfurico ChemIDplus Acidum sulfuricum ChemIDplus H2SO4 IUPAC Schwefelsaeureloesungen ChemIDplus [S(OH)2O2] MolBase [SO2(OH)2] IUPAC sulphuric acid MolBase A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. tetrapyrrole tetrapyrroles a tetrapyrrole tetrapyrrole tetrapyrrole IUPAC tetrapyrroles IUPAC a tetrapyrrole UniProt Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant. toxin toxins toxin toxin IUPAC toxins ChEBI Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. micronutrients trace elements micronutrient micronutrients ChEBI trace elements ChEBI An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element Uebergangselement Uebergangsmetalle metal de transicion metal de transition metales de transicion metaux de transition transition element transition elements transition metal transition metals transition element atom transition element IUPAC Uebergangselement ChEBI Uebergangsmetalle ChEBI metal de transicion ChEBI metal de transition ChEBI metales de transicion ChEBI metaux de transition ChEBI transition element ChEBI transition elements ChEBI transition metal ChEBI transition metals ChEBI A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. univalent acyl group univalent carboacyl groups univalent carboxylic acyl groups univalent carboacyl group univalent acyl group ChEBI univalent carboacyl groups ChEBI univalent carboxylic acyl groups ChEBI zinc 30Zn Zink Zn Zn(II) Zn2+ cinc zinc zincum zinc atom zinc IUPAC 30Zn IUPAC Zink ChEBI Zn IUPAC Zn(II) KEGG_COMPOUND Zn2+ KEGG_COMPOUND cinc ChEBI zinc ChEBI zincum ChEBI zinc compounds zinc molecular entities zinc molecular entity zinc compounds ChEBI zinc molecular entities ChEBI zinc ion zinc ions zinc ion zinc ion ChEBI zinc ions ChEBI boron 5B B Bor Boron boracium bore boro boron boron atom boron IUPAC 5B IUPAC B KEGG_COMPOUND Bor ChEBI Boron KEGG_COMPOUND boracium ChEBI bore ChEBI boro ChEBI boron ChEBI selenium 34Se Se Selen Selenium selenio selenium selenium atom selenium IUPAC 34Se IUPAC Se IUPAC Selen ChemIDplus Selenium KEGG_COMPOUND selenio ChEBI selenium ChEBI carbon 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono carbon atom carbon IUPAC 6C IUPAC C IUPAC C KEGG_COMPOUND Carbon KEGG_COMPOUND Kohlenstoff ChEBI carbon ChEBI carbone ChEBI carbonium ChEBI carbono ChEBI Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. nickel 28Ni Ni Nickel Raney alloy niccolum nickel niquel nickel atom nickel IUPAC 28Ni IUPAC Ni IUPAC Ni UniProt Nickel ChEBI Raney alloy ChemIDplus niccolum ChEBI nickel ChEBI niquel ChEBI A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. CARBAMIC ACID Carbamic acid carbamic acid Aminoameisensaeure Aminoformic acid Carbamate Carbamidsaeure carbamic acid CARBAMIC ACID PDBeChem Carbamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbamic acid IUPAC Aminoameisensaeure ChEBI Aminoformic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamate KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamidsaeure ChEBI phosphorus 15P P Phosphor Phosphorus fosforo phosphore phosphorus phosphorus atom phosphorus IUPAC 15P IUPAC P IUPAC P KEGG_COMPOUND Phosphor ChEBI Phosphorus KEGG_COMPOUND fosforo ChEBI phosphore ChEBI phosphorus ChEBI molybdenum 42Mo Mo Molybdaen Molybdenum molibdeno molybdene molybdenum molybdenum atom molybdenum IUPAC 42Mo IUPAC Mo IUPAC Mo UniProt Molybdaen ChEBI Molybdenum KEGG_COMPOUND molibdeno ChEBI molybdene ChEBI molybdenum ChEBI copper 29Cu Copper Cu Kupfer cobre copper cuivre cuprum copper atom copper IUPAC 29Cu IUPAC Copper KEGG_COMPOUND Cu ChEBI Cu IUPAC Kupfer ChEBI cobre ChEBI copper ChEBI cuivre ChEBI cuprum IUPAC An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. ammonium azanium Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium cation ammonium ion ammonium ammonium ChEBI ammonium IUPAC azanium IUPAC Ammonium(1+) ChemIDplus NH4(+) IUPAC NH4(+) UniProt NH4+ KEGG_COMPOUND [NH4](+) MolBase ammonium cation ChemIDplus ammonium ion PDBeChem A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain. Chlorophyll chlorophyll chlorophylls chlorophyll Chlorophyll KEGG_COMPOUND chlorophyll JCBN chlorophylls IUPAC Carbonic acid carbonic acid dihydroxidooxidocarbon Dihydrogen carbonate H2CO3 Koehlensaeure [CO(OH)2] carbonic acid Carbonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND carbonic acid IUPAC dihydroxidooxidocarbon IUPAC Dihydrogen carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND H2CO3 IUPAC H2CO3 KEGG_COMPOUND Koehlensaeure ChEBI [CO(OH)2] IUPAC An ion of copper carrying a double positive charge. copper(2+) copper(2+) ion copper(II) cation COPPER (II) ION Cu(2+) Cu(II) Cu2+ copper(II) cation copper, ion (Cu2+) cupric ion copper(2+) copper(2+) IUPAC copper(2+) ion IUPAC copper(II) cation IUPAC COPPER (II) ION PDBeChem Cu(2+) UniProt Cu(II) ChEBI Cu2+ ChEBI copper(II) cation ChEBI copper, ion (Cu2+) ChemIDplus cupric ion ChEBI The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. a carboxylate carboxylic acid anions carboxylic anions carboxylic acid anion a carboxylate UniProt carboxylic acid anions ChEBI carboxylic anions ChEBI A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. sodium cation sodium(1+) sodium(1+) ion sodium(I) cation Na(+) Na+ SODIUM ION sodium(1+) sodium cation IUPAC sodium(1+) IUPAC sodium(1+) ion IUPAC sodium(I) cation IUPAC Na(+) IUPAC Na(+) UniProt Na+ KEGG_COMPOUND SODIUM ION PDBeChem A monoatomic monocation obtained from potassium. potassium cation potassium(1+) potassium(1+) ion potassium(I) cation K(+) K+ POTASSIUM ION potassium(1+) potassium cation IUPAC potassium(1+) IUPAC potassium(1+) ion IUPAC potassium(I) cation IUPAC K(+) IUPAC K(+) UniProt K+ KEGG_COMPOUND POTASSIUM ION PDBeChem zinc(2+) zinc(2+) ion zinc(II) cation ZINC ION Zn(2+) Zn(II) Zn2+ dietary zinc zinc cation zinc, ion (Zn2+) zinc(2+) zinc(2+) IUPAC zinc(2+) ion IUPAC zinc(II) cation IUPAC ZINC ION PDBeChem Zn(2+) IUPAC Zn(2+) UniProt Zn(II) KEGG_COMPOUND Zn2+ KEGG_COMPOUND dietary zinc ChEBI zinc cation IUPAC zinc, ion (Zn2+) ChemIDplus calcium(2+) calcium(2+) ion calcium(II) cation CALCIUM ION Ca(2+) Ca2+ calcium, doubly charged positive ion calcium(2+) calcium(2+) IUPAC calcium(2+) ion IUPAC calcium(II) cation IUPAC CALCIUM ION PDBeChem Ca(2+) IUPAC Ca(2+) UniProt Ca2+ KEGG_COMPOUND calcium, doubly charged positive ion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook dichlorine Cl2 chlorine molecular chlorine dichlorine dichlorine IUPAC Cl2 IUPAC chlorine ChemIDplus molecular chlorine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook amide azanide dihydridonitrate(1-) NH2(-) azanide amide IUPAC azanide IUPAC dihydridonitrate(1-) IUPAC NH2(-) IUPAC A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. azanediide hydridonitrate(2-) NH(2-) imide hydridonitrate(2-) azanediide IUPAC hydridonitrate(2-) IUPAC NH(2-) IUPAC imide IUPAC A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid. monocarboxylic acid amides monocarboxylic acid amide monocarboxylic acid amides ChEBI nitrogen(1+) N(+) Nitrogen cation nitrogen(1+) nitrogen(1+) IUPAC N(+) IUPAC Nitrogen cation NIST_Chemistry_WebBook aquahydrogen(1+) oxidanium oxonium trihydridooxygen(1+) H3O(+) Hydronium cation Hydronium ion [OH3](+) oxonium aquahydrogen(1+) IUPAC oxidanium IUPAC oxonium IUPAC trihydridooxygen(1+) IUPAC H3O(+) IUPAC Hydronium cation NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Hydronium ion ChemIDplus [OH3](+) MolBase hydrogen(sulfide)(1-) hydrosulfide sulfanide HS anion HS(-) hydrogen sulfide hydrosulfide hydrogen(sulfide)(1-) IUPAC hydrosulfide IUPAC sulfanide IUPAC HS anion NIST_Chemistry_WebBook HS(-) IUPAC hydrogen sulfide UniProt diazynediium HNNH(2+) [HNNH](2+) diazynediium diazynediium IUPAC HNNH(2+) IUPAC [HNNH](2+) ChEBI diazynium HN2+ N#NH(+) diazynium diazynium IUPAC HN2+ NIST_Chemistry_WebBook N#NH(+) IUPAC Divalent cation divalent inorganic cations monoatomic dications monoatomic dication Divalent cation KEGG_COMPOUND divalent inorganic cations ChEBI monoatomic dications ChEBI sulfanium sulfonium trihydridosulfur(1+) H3S(+) H3S+ [SH3](+) sulphonium sulfonium sulfanium IUPAC sulfonium IUPAC trihydridosulfur(1+) IUPAC H3S(+) IUPAC H3S+ NIST_Chemistry_WebBook [SH3](+) ChEBI sulphonium ChEBI silicon dioxide trioxidophosphate(1-) PO3(-) [PO3](-) trioxidophosphate(1-) trioxidophosphate(1-) IUPAC PO3(-) IUPAC [PO3](-) ChEBI calcium dihydroxide calcium(2+) hydroxide calcium(II) hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide Kalziumhydroxid Loeschkalk calcium hydrate geloeschter Kalk hydralime hydrated lime slaked lime calcium dihydroxide calcium dihydroxide IUPAC calcium(2+) hydroxide IUPAC calcium(II) hydroxide IUPAC Ca(OH)2 IUPAC Calcium hydroxide KEGG_COMPOUND Kalziumhydroxid ChEBI Loeschkalk ChEBI calcium hydrate NIST_Chemistry_WebBook geloeschter Kalk ChEBI hydralime ChemIDplus hydrated lime NIST_Chemistry_WebBook slaked lime NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio. Calcium oxide calcium oxide Aetzkalk Branntkalk Kalziumoxid Lime burnt lime calcium monoxide calx caustic lime gebrannter Kalk limestone quicklime calcium oxide Calcium oxide KEGG_COMPOUND calcium oxide IUPAC Aetzkalk ChEBI Branntkalk ChEBI Kalziumoxid ChEBI Lime KEGG_COMPOUND burnt lime ChemIDplus calcium monoxide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook calx NIST_Chemistry_WebBook caustic lime NIST_Chemistry_WebBook gebrannter Kalk ChEBI limestone ChEBI quicklime NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Calcium sulfate calcium sulfate CaSO4 Kalziumsulfat anhydrous gypsum calcium sulfate, anhydrous calcium sulphate calcium sulfate Calcium sulfate KEGG_COMPOUND calcium sulfate IUPAC CaSO4 IUPAC Kalziumsulfat ChEBI anhydrous gypsum NIST_Chemistry_WebBook calcium sulfate, anhydrous NIST_Chemistry_WebBook calcium sulphate ChEBI A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals. Magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate Magnesium carbonate anhydrous Magnesiumkarbonat MgCO3 magnesium carbonate Magnesium carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND magnesium carbonate IUPAC Magnesium carbonate anhydrous KEGG_COMPOUND Magnesiumkarbonat ChEBI MgCO3 IUPAC Magnesium oxide MgO magnesia magnesia usta magnesium monoxide magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide KEGG_COMPOUND MgO IUPAC magnesia NIST_Chemistry_WebBook magnesia usta NIST_Chemistry_WebBook magnesium monoxide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Potassium sulfate potassium sulfate K2SO4 Kaliumsulfat dipotassium sulfate potassium sulphate potassium sulfate Potassium sulfate KEGG_COMPOUND potassium sulfate IUPAC K2SO4 IUPAC Kaliumsulfat ChEBI dipotassium sulfate ChemIDplus potassium sulphate ChEBI A (13)C-modified compound that is urea in which the carbon is present as its (13)C isotope. ((13)C)urea Helicosol Urea (13C) Urea C13 ((13)C)urea ((13)C)urea IUPAC Helicosol KEGG_DRUG Urea (13C) KEGG_DRUG Urea C13 KEGG_DRUG calcium sulfate dihydrate calcium sulfate--water (1/2) CaSO4.2H2O calcium(II) sulfate, dihydrate (1:1:2) sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1), dihydrate sulfuric acid, calcium(2+) salt, dihydrate calcium sulfate dihydrate calcium sulfate dihydrate IUPAC calcium sulfate--water (1/2) IUPAC CaSO4.2H2O IUPAC calcium(II) sulfate, dihydrate (1:1:2) ChemIDplus sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1), dihydrate ChemIDplus sulfuric acid, calcium(2+) salt, dihydrate ChemIDplus A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. potassium chloride KCl Kaliumchlorid Kaon-Cl 10 Klor-con Klotrix Monopotassium chloride [KCl] muriate of potash sylvite potassium chloride potassium chloride IUPAC KCl IUPAC Kaliumchlorid ChEBI Kaon-Cl 10 KEGG_DRUG Klor-con KEGG_DRUG Klotrix KEGG_DRUG Monopotassium chloride DrugBank [KCl] MolBase muriate of potash NIST_Chemistry_WebBook sylvite ChEBI A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion. magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate (1:1) Magnesiumsulfat MgSO4 magnesium sulfate anhydrous magnesium sulphate magnesium(II) sulfate sulfuric acid magnesium salt sulphate of magnesia magnesium sulfate magnesium sulfate IUPAC Magnesium sulfate (1:1) ChemIDplus Magnesiumsulfat ChEBI MgSO4 IUPAC magnesium sulfate anhydrous ChemIDplus magnesium sulphate NIST_Chemistry_WebBook magnesium(II) sulfate NIST_Chemistry_WebBook sulfuric acid magnesium salt NIST_Chemistry_WebBook sulphate of magnesia ChEBI An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. Amide amides amide Amide KEGG_COMPOUND amides IUPAC A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. Calcium carbonate calcium carbonate calcium trioxidocarbonate CaCO3 Calciumcarbonat E 170 Kalziumkarbonat Precipitated calcium carbonate calcium carbonate (1:1) carbonate de calcium carbonato de calcio carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) kohlensaurer Kalk calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND calcium carbonate IUPAC calcium trioxidocarbonate IUPAC CaCO3 IUPAC Calciumcarbonat ChEBI E 170 ChEBI Kalziumkarbonat ChEBI Precipitated calcium carbonate KEGG_COMPOUND calcium carbonate (1:1) ChemIDplus carbonate de calcium ChEBI carbonato de calcio ChEBI carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) ChemIDplus kohlensaurer Kalk ChEBI calcium chloride calcium dichloride CaCl2 Calcium chloride anhydrous [CaCl2] calcium chloride anhydrous calcium dichloride calcium chloride IUPAC calcium dichloride IUPAC CaCl2 IUPAC Calcium chloride anhydrous KEGG_COMPOUND [CaCl2] MolBase calcium chloride anhydrous ChemIDplus Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle elementary particles fundamental particle elementary particle IUPAC elementary particles ChEBI A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. atomic entity monoatomic entities monoatomic entity atomic entity ChEBI monoatomic entities ChEBI An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands). coordination entities coordination entity coordination compounds coordination entity coordination entities IUPAC coordination entity IUPAC coordination compounds ChEBI oxoacid derivatives oxoacid derivative oxoacid derivatives ChEBI inorganic hydrides inorganic hydride inorganic hydrides ChEBI organic fundamental parent Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. inorganic groups inorganic group inorganic groups ChEBI Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. organic groups organic group organic groups ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. organyl group organyl groups groupe organyle grupo organilo grupos organilo organyl group organyl group IUPAC organyl groups IUPAC groupe organyle IUPAC grupo organilo IUPAC grupos organilo IUPAC A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom atome atomo atoms atomus element elements atom atom IUPAC atome IUPAC atomo IUPAC atoms ChEBI atomus ChEBI element ChEBI elements ChEBI A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. nucleus Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi atomic nucleus nucleus IUPAC Atomkern ChEBI Kern ChEBI noyau IUPAC noyau atomique ChEBI nuclei ChEBI nucleo IUPAC nucleo atomico ChEBI nucleus atomi ChEBI Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons nucleon nucleon IUPAC nucleon IUPAC Nukleon ChEBI Nukleonen ChEBI nucleons ChEBI A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide primary amides primary amide primary amide IUPAC primary amides IUPAC A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity elemental molecular entity homoatomic entity ChEBI homoatomic molecular entities ChEBI homoatomic molecular entity ChEBI elemental hydrogen elemental oxygen diatomic oxygen diatomic nitrogen elemental nitrogen monoatomic nitrogen An anion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic anions polyatomic anion polyatomic anions ChEBI chemical messenger molecular messenger chemical messenger ChEBI A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. Antibiotika Antibiotikum antibiotic antibiotics antibiotique antimicrobial antimicrobial agents antimicrobials microbicide microbicides antimicrobial agent Antibiotika ChEBI Antibiotikum ChEBI antibiotic ChEBI antibiotics ChEBI antibiotique IUPAC antimicrobial ChEBI antimicrobial agents ChEBI antimicrobials ChEBI microbicide ChEBI microbicides ChEBI A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. nutrients nutrient nutrients ChEBI A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds heteroorganic entity heteroorganic entities ChEBI organoelement compounds ChEBI An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. agrichemical agrichemicals agricultural chemicals agrochemicals agrochemical agrichemical ChEBI agrichemicals ChEBI agricultural chemicals ChEBI agrochemicals ChEBI A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants. fertiliser fertilizers fertilizer fertiliser ChEBI fertilizers ChEBI A substance used to destroy rodent pests. rodenticides rodenticide rodenticides ChEBI A physiological role played by any substance of either plant, animal or artificial origin which contains essential body nutrients that can be ingested by an organism to provide energy, promote growth, and maintain the processes of life. food fuel A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. alkali metal molecular entities alkali metal molecular entity alkali metal molecular entities ChEBI An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal. alkaline earth molecular entity alkaline earth compounds alkaline earth molecular entities alkaline-earth compounds alkaline earth molecular entity alkaline earth molecular entity ChEBI alkaline earth compounds ChEBI alkaline earth molecular entities ChEBI alkaline-earth compounds ChEBI Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes pnictogen pnictogens IUPAC group 15 elements ChEBI group V elements ChEBI nitrogenoideos ChEBI nitrogenoides ChEBI pnictogene ChEBI pnictogenes ChEBI A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entities pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI pnictogen molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. chalcogen chalcogens Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements chalcogen chalcogen IUPAC chalcogens IUPAC Chalkogen ChEBI Chalkogene ChEBI anfigeno ChEBI anfigenos ChEBI calcogeno ChEBI calcogenos ChEBI chalcogene ChEBI chalcogenes ChEBI group 16 elements ChEBI group VI elements ChEBI Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI group 14 elements carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements carbon group element atom group 14 elements IUPAC carbon group element ChEBI carbon group elements ChEBI carbonoides ChEBI cristallogene ChEBI cristallogenes ChEBI group IV elements ChEBI group 13 elements Element der Borgruppe boron group element boron group elements group III elements boron group element atom group 13 elements IUPAC Element der Borgruppe ChEBI boron group element ChEBI boron group elements ChEBI group III elements ChEBI An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element main group element atom main group elements IUPAC Hauptgruppenelement ChEBI Hauptgruppenelemente ChEBI main group element ChEBI silicon oxide group 12 elements zinc group element zinc group elements zinc group element atom group 12 elements IUPAC zinc group element ChEBI zinc group elements ChEBI group 6 elements chromium group element chromium group elements chromium group element atom group 6 elements IUPAC chromium group element ChEBI chromium group elements ChEBI group 7 elements manganese group element manganese group elements manganese group element atom group 7 elements IUPAC manganese group element ChEBI manganese group elements ChEBI group 8 elements iron group element iron group elements iron group element atom group 8 elements IUPAC iron group element ChEBI iron group elements ChEBI group 10 elements nickel group element nickel group elements nickel group element atom group 10 elements IUPAC nickel group element ChEBI nickel group elements ChEBI group 11 elements coinage metals copper group element copper group elements copper group element atom group 11 elements IUPAC coinage metals ChEBI copper group element ChEBI copper group elements ChEBI oxoacids of sulfur sulfur oxoacids sulfur oxoacid oxoacids of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxoacids ChEBI A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). hydracid hydracids hydracid hydracid IUPAC hydracids ChEBI pnictogen oxoacids pnictogen oxoacid pnictogen oxoacids ChEBI sulfur oxoacid derivative sulfur oxoacid derivatives sulfur oxoacid derivative sulfur oxoacid derivative ChEBI sulfur oxoacid derivatives ChEBI monoatomic monoanions monoatomic monoanion monoatomic monoanions ChEBI elemental chlorine atomic chlorine monoatomic chlorine atomic chlorine ChEBI monoatomic halogens monoatomic halogen monoatomic halogens ChEBI elemental halogen elemental halogens elemental halogen elemental halogen ChEBI elemental halogens ChEBI diatomic chlorine nitrogen oxoacids oxoacids of nitrogen nitrogen oxoacid nitrogen oxoacids ChEBI oxoacids of nitrogen ChEBI A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons. phosphorus oxoacid Oxosaeure des Phosphors oxoacids of phosphorus phosphorus oxoacids phosphorus oxoacid phosphorus oxoacid ChEBI Oxosaeure des Phosphors ChEBI oxoacids of phosphorus ChEBI phosphorus oxoacids ChEBI nitrogen oxoanion nitrogen oxoanions oxoanions of nitrogen nitrogen oxoanion nitrogen oxoanion ChEBI nitrogen oxoanions ChEBI oxoanions of nitrogen ChEBI pnictogen oxoanion pnictogen oxoanions pnictogen oxoanion pnictogen oxoanion ChEBI pnictogen oxoanions ChEBI phosphorus oxoanion oxoanions of phosphorus phosphorus oxoanions phosphorus oxoanion phosphorus oxoanion ChEBI oxoanions of phosphorus ChEBI phosphorus oxoanions ChEBI elemental phosphorus elemental pnictogen elemental pnictogens elemental pnictogen elemental pnictogen ChEBI elemental pnictogens ChEBI atomic phosphorus monoatomic phosphorus atomic phosphorus ChEBI sulfur oxoanion oxoanions of sulfur sulfur oxoanions sulfur oxoanion sulfur oxoanion ChEBI oxoanions of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxoanions ChEBI chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacids chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacid ChEBI chalcogen oxoacids ChEBI chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanions chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanion ChEBI chalcogen oxoanions ChEBI selenium oxoanion oxoanions of selenium selenium oxoanions selenium oxoanion selenium oxoanion ChEBI oxoanions of selenium ChEBI selenium oxoanions ChEBI selenium oxoacid oxoacids of selenium selenium oxoacids selenium oxoacid selenium oxoacid ChEBI oxoacids of selenium ChEBI selenium oxoacids ChEBI hydrogenselenate hydroxidotrioxidoselenate(1-) HSeO4(-) [SeO3(OH)](-) hydrogenselenate hydrogenselenate IUPAC hydroxidotrioxidoselenate(1-) IUPAC HSeO4(-) IUPAC [SeO3(OH)](-) IUPAC A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. transition element molecular entities transition metal molecular entity transition element molecular entity transition element molecular entities ChEBI transition metal molecular entity ChEBI alkali metal cations alkali metal cation alkali metal cations ChEBI alkaline earth cations alkaline earth metal cation alkaline-earth metal cations alkaline earth cation alkaline earth cations ChEBI alkaline earth metal cation ChEBI alkaline-earth metal cations ChEBI transition element cations transition metal cation transition element cation transition element cations ChEBI transition metal cation ChEBI An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals metal atom elemental metal ChEBI elemental metals ChEBI metal element ChEBI metal elements ChEBI metals ChEBI sulfur hydride hydrides of sulfur sulfur hydrides sulphur hydrides sulfur hydride sulfur hydride ChEBI hydrides of sulfur ChEBI sulfur hydrides ChEBI sulphur hydrides ChEBI sulfurothioic acid thiosulfuric acid thiosulfuric acid sulfurothioic acid IUPAC thiosulfuric acid IUPAC hydrogen sulfurothioate HS2O3(-) thiosulfate(1-) hydrogen sulfurothioate IUPAC HS2O3(-) IUPAC s-block element s-block elements s-block element atom s-block element ChEBI s-block elements ChEBI Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. p-block element p-block elements p-block element atom p-block element ChEBI p-block elements ChEBI d-block element d-block elements d-block element atom d-block element ChEBI d-block elements ChEBI A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. carboxylic acid carboxylic acids Carbonsaeure Carbonsaeuren Karbonsaeure RC(=O)OH acide carboxylique acides carboxyliques acido carboxilico acidos carboxilicos carboxylic acid carboxylic acid IUPAC carboxylic acids IUPAC Carbonsaeure ChEBI Carbonsaeuren ChEBI Karbonsaeure ChEBI RC(=O)OH IUPAC acide carboxylique IUPAC acides carboxyliques IUPAC acido carboxilico IUPAC acidos carboxilicos IUPAC A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. main group compounds main group molecular entities main group molecular entity main group compounds ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI boron group molecular entities boron group molecular entity boron group molecular entities ChEBI carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entities carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity ChEBI carbon group molecular entities ChEBI noble gas molecular entity Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. cyclic compounds cyclic compound cyclic compounds ChEBI hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities hydrogen molecular entity hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI boron trona elemental boron elemental boron boron NIST_Chemistry_WebBook trona elemental boron NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compounds aromatic molecular entity aromatics aromatische Verbindungen aromatic compound aromatic compounds IUPAC aromatic molecular entity IUPAC aromatics ChEBI aromatische Verbindungen ChEBI organic aromatic compounds organic aromatic compound organic aromatic compounds ChEBI zinc group molecular entities zinc group molecular entity zinc group molecular entities ChEBI An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity s-block compounds s-block molecular entities s-block molecular entity s-block molecular entity ChEBI s-block compounds ChEBI s-block molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy p-block molecular entity p-block compounds ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. d-block molecular entity d-block compounds d-block molecular entities d-block molecular entity d-block molecular entity ChEBI d-block compounds ChEBI d-block molecular entities ChEBI helium molecular entity Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. hydrides oxygen hydride hydrides of oxygen oxygen hydrides oxygen hydride oxygen hydride ChEBI hydrides of oxygen ChEBI oxygen hydrides ChEBI biomacromolecule A cation consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic cations polyatomic cation polyatomic cations ChEBI A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. Aminocarbonsaeure Aminokarbonsaeure Aminosaeure amino acids amino acid Aminocarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminokarbonsaeure ChEBI Aminosaeure ChEBI amino acids ChEBI copper group molecular entity copper group molecular entities copper group molecular entity copper group molecular entity ChEBI copper group molecular entities ChEBI Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. organic cyclic compounds organic cyclic compound organic cyclic compounds ChEBI A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). heteroarenes hetarenes heteroarene heteroarenes IUPAC hetarenes IUPAC macromolecule A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. reagent reactif reactivo reagents reagent reagent IUPAC reactif IUPAC reactivo IUPAC reagents ChEBI A substance used to destroy pests of the phylum Mollusca. molluscicides molluscicide molluscicides ChEBI metal-tetrapyrrole metal-tetrapyrrole complex metallotetrapyrroles metallotetrapyrrole metal-tetrapyrrole ChEBI metal-tetrapyrrole complex ChEBI metallotetrapyrroles ChEBI Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. macronutrients macronutrient macronutrients ChEBI halide salts halides halide salt halide salts ChEBI halides ChEBI magnesium salts magnesium salt magnesium salts ChEBI magnesium coordination entity magnesium coordination compounds magnesium coordination entities magnesium coordination entity magnesium coordination entity ChEBI magnesium coordination compounds ChEBI magnesium coordination entities ChEBI metallic bases metallic base metallic bases ChEBI alkaline earth base alkaline earth bases alkaline earth hydroxides alkaline-earth bases alkaline-earth hydroxides alkaline earth hydroxide alkaline earth base ChEBI alkaline earth bases ChEBI alkaline earth hydroxides ChEBI alkaline-earth bases ChEBI alkaline-earth hydroxides ChEBI nitrogen hydrides nitrogen hydride nitrogen hydrides ChEBI Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. azanes azane azanes ChEBI calcium hydroxides calcium hydroxide calcium hydroxides ChEBI elemental calcium Kalziumsalz Kalziumsalze calcium salts calcium salt Kalziumsalz ChEBI Kalziumsalze ChEBI calcium salts ChEBI sulfate salts sulfates sulphate salts sulphates sulfate salt sulfate salts ChEBI sulfates ChEBI sulphate salts ChEBI sulphates ChEBI A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion. zinc sulfate ZnSO4 zinc sulfate (1:1) zinc sulfate anhydrous zinc sulphate zinc(2+) sulfate zinc(II) sulfate zinc sulfate zinc sulfate IUPAC ZnSO4 IUPAC zinc sulfate (1:1) ChemIDplus zinc sulfate anhydrous ChemIDplus zinc sulphate ChemIDplus zinc(2+) sulfate IUPAC zinc(II) sulfate IUPAC alkaline earth coordination entity alkaline earth coordination compounds alkaline earth coordination entities alkaline earth coordination entity alkaline earth coordination entity ChEBI alkaline earth coordination compounds ChEBI alkaline earth coordination entities ChEBI A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. inhibitor inhibidor inhibiteur inhibitors inhibitor inhibitor IUPAC inhibidor ChEBI inhibiteur ChEBI inhibitors ChEBI A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction. catalyst Katalysator catalizador catalyseur catalyst catalyst IUPAC Katalysator ChEBI catalizador ChEBI catalyseur ChEBI Any substance or mixture of substances that, in solution (typically aqueous), resists change in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base. buffer compound buffer compounds buffer buffer compound ChEBI buffer compounds ChEBI A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). ammonium ion derivatives azanium ion derivative azanium ion derivatives ammonium ion derivative ammonium ion derivatives ChEBI azanium ion derivative ChEBI azanium ion derivatives ChEBI Compounds (NH4(+))Y(-) and derivatives, in which one or more of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent groups. azanium compounds ammonium compounds ammonium compound azanium compounds IUPAC ammonium compounds ChEBI ammonium compounds IUPAC Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compounds organonitrogens organonitrogen compound organonitrogen compounds IUPAC organonitrogens ChEBI An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. oxoanion oxoacid anions oxoanions oxoanion oxoanion ChEBI oxoacid anions ChEBI oxoanions ChEBI calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Ca(H2PO4)2 Calcium biphosphate Monobasic calcium phosphate Monocalcium phosphate acid calcium phosphate calcium bis(dihydrogen phosphate) calcium dihydrogen orthophosphate calcium superphosphate monocalcium orthophosphate monocalcium phosphate, monobasic phosphoric acid, calcium salt (2:1) primary calcium phosphate calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) IUPAC Ca(H2PO4)2 IUPAC Calcium biphosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Monobasic calcium phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND Monocalcium phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND acid calcium phosphate ChemIDplus calcium bis(dihydrogen phosphate) ChemIDplus calcium dihydrogen orthophosphate ChemIDplus calcium superphosphate ChemIDplus monocalcium orthophosphate ChemIDplus monocalcium phosphate, monobasic ChemIDplus phosphoric acid, calcium salt (2:1) ChemIDplus primary calcium phosphate ChemIDplus A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. CNS agent CNS drugs central nervous system agents central nervous system drug CNS agent ChEBI CNS drugs ChEBI central nervous system agents ChEBI alkali metal salts alkali metal salt alkali metal salts ChEBI An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. analgesic An EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)), EC 1.2.1.3. CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors EC 1.2.1.3 (aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))) inhibitor EC 1.2.1.3 (aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))) inhibitors EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitors EC 1.2.1.3 inhibitor EC 1.2.1.3 inhibitors NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors NAD-dependent 4-hydroxynonenal dehydrogenase inhibitor NAD-dependent 4-hydroxynonenal dehydrogenase inhibitors NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) (EC 1.2.1.3) inhibitor aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) (EC 1.2.1.3) inhibitors aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) inhibitor aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) inhibitors aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitor aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitors aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors propionaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor propionaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.2.1.3 (aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))) inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.2.1.3 (aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.2.1.3 inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.2.1.3 inhibitors ChEBI NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI NAD-dependent 4-hydroxynonenal dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI NAD-dependent 4-hydroxynonenal dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) (EC 1.2.1.3) inhibitor ChEBI aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) (EC 1.2.1.3) inhibitors ChEBI aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) inhibitor ChEBI aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) inhibitors ChEBI aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitor ChEBI aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD) inhibitors ChEBI aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI propionaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor ChEBI propionaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors ChEBI A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. CNS depressants central nervous system depressants central nervous system depressant CNS depressants ChEBI central nervous system depressants ChEBI An addition compound contains two or more simpler compounds that can be packed in a definite ratio into a crystal. The term covers donor-acceptor complexes (adducts) and a variety of lattice compounds. addition compounds addition compound addition compounds ChEBI An addition compound that contains water in weak chemical combination with another compound. Hydrat hidrato hidratos hydrates hydrate Hydrat ChEBI hidrato ChEBI hidratos ChEBI hydrates ChEBI A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. cardiovascular agent cardiovascular drugs cardiovascular drug cardiovascular agent ChEBI cardiovascular drugs ChEBI A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n. carbon oxoanion carbon oxoanions oxocarbon anion oxocarbon anions carbon oxoanion carbon oxoanion ChEBI carbon oxoanions ChEBI oxocarbon anion ChEBI oxocarbon anions ChEBI carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon carbon oxoacid carbon oxoacids ChEBI oxoacids of carbon ChEBI An EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor which interferes with the activity of the enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), EC 3.1.3.48, involved in the removal of phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins. EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitors EC 3.1.3.48 inhibitor EC 3.1.3.48 inhibitors PPT-phosphatase inhibitor PPT-phosphatase inhibitors PTP-phosphatase inhibitor PTP-phosphatase inhibitors PTPase inhibitor PTPase inhibitors [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase inhibitor [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase inhibitors phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) inhibitor phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) inhibitors phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase inhibitor phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase inhibitors phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase inhibitor phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase inhibitors phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase inhibitor phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase inhibitors protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.48) inhibitor protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.48) inhibitors protein-tyrosine-phosphatase inhibitor protein-tyrosine-phosphatase inhibitors protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitors tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase inhibitor tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase inhibitors tyrosylprotein phosphatase inhibitor tyrosylprotein phosphatase inhibitors EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.3.48 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.3.48 inhibitors ChEBI PPT-phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI PPT-phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI PTP-phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI PTP-phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI PTPase inhibitor ChEBI PTPase inhibitors ChEBI [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI [phosphotyrosine]protein phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) inhibitor ChEBI phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphotyrosine) inhibitors ChEBI phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI phosphotyrosine histone phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI phosphotyrosylprotein phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.48) inhibitor ChEBI protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.48) inhibitors ChEBI protein-tyrosine-phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI protein-tyrosine-phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI tyrosine O-phosphate phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI tyrosylprotein phosphatase inhibitor ChEBI tyrosylprotein phosphatase inhibitors ChEBI A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. vasodilator vasodilator agents vasodilator agent vasodilator ChEBI vasodilator agents ChEBI A drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. Antiepileptika Antiepileptikum Antikonvulsiva Antikonvulsivum anti-convulsant anti-convulsants anti-convulsive agent anti-convulsive agents anticonvulsants anticonvulsive agent anticonvulsive agents antiepileptic antiepileptics antiepileptique antiepileptiques anticonvulsant Antiepileptika ChEBI Antiepileptikum ChEBI Antikonvulsiva ChEBI Antikonvulsivum ChEBI anti-convulsant ChEBI anti-convulsants ChEBI anti-convulsive agent ChEBI anti-convulsive agents ChEBI anticonvulsants ChEBI anticonvulsive agent ChEBI anticonvulsive agents ChEBI antiepileptic ChEBI antiepileptics ChEBI antiepileptique ChEBI antiepileptiques ChEBI An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. antifungal antifungal agents antifungal drug antifungal drugs antifungals antifungal agent antifungal ChEBI antifungal agents ChEBI antifungal drug ChEBI antifungal drugs ChEBI antifungals ChEBI A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid. Pi phosphate phosphate ions phosphate ion Pi ChEBI phosphate ChEBI phosphate ions ChEBI pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydrides pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydride ChEBI pnictogen hydrides ChEBI inorganic chloride salt inorganic chloride salts inorganic chlorides inorganic chloride inorganic chloride salt ChEBI inorganic chloride salts ChEBI inorganic chlorides ChEBI macrocyclic tetrapyrroles cyclic tetrapyrroles macrocyclic tetrapyrrole cyclic tetrapyrrole macrocyclic tetrapyrroles IUPAC cyclic tetrapyrroles ChEBI macrocyclic tetrapyrrole ChEBI Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). leptons lepton leptons ChEBI Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). baryons baryon baryons ChEBI Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion fermions fermion fermion IUPAC fermions ChEBI A particle smaller than an atom. subatomic particles subatomic particle subatomic particles ChEBI A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). composite particles composite particle composite particles ChEBI Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. hadrons hadron hadrons ChEBI A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle nuclear particle nuclear particle IUPAC Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic entities polyatomic entity polyatomic entities ChEBI An ion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic ions polyatomic ion polyatomic ions ChEBI phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacid derivative ChEBI phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives alkaline earth salts alkaline earth salt alkaline earth salts ChEBI A coordination entity in which the central atom to which the ligands are attached comes from groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 of the periodic table. main group coordination compounds main-group coordination entities main-group coordination entity main group coordination compounds ChEBI main-group coordination entities ChEBI Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compounds carbonyl compound carbonyl compounds IUPAC Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. oxo compounds organic oxo compounds organic oxo compound oxo compounds IUPAC organic oxo compounds ChEBI Compounds consisting of two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom acyl-O-acyl. acid anhydride acid anhydrides acid anhydrides anhydride d'acide acid anhydride acid anhydride IUPAC acid anhydrides IUPAC acid anhydrides ChEBI anhydride d'acide ChEBI acyclic acid anhydride acyclic acid anhydrides acyclic acid anhydrides acyclic anhydrides acyclic acid anhydride acyclic acid anhydride ChEBI acyclic acid anhydrides IUPAC acyclic acid anhydrides ChEBI acyclic anhydrides IUPAC pseudohalide group halogenoid group pseudohalido group pseudohalo groups pseudohalogen group pseudohalo group pseudohalide group IUPAC halogenoid group ChEBI pseudohalido group ChEBI pseudohalo groups ChEBI pseudohalogen group IUPAC pseudohalide ions pseudohalide anions pseudohalides pseudohalogen anion pseudohalogen ion pseudohalide anion pseudohalide ions IUPAC pseudohalide anions ChEBI pseudohalides ChEBI pseudohalogen anion ChEBI pseudohalogen ion ChEBI polyatomic monoanions polyatomic monoanion polyatomic monoanions ChEBI monoanions monoanion monoanions ChEBI hydrogen isocyanide nitriliomethanide CNH HN(+)#C(-) HNC hydroisocyanic acid hydrogen isocyanide hydrogen isocyanide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook nitriliomethanide IUPAC CNH ChEBI HN(+)#C(-) IUPAC HNC NIST_Chemistry_WebBook hydroisocyanic acid ChEBI chalcogen hydride chalcogen hydrides chalcogen hydride chalcogen hydride ChEBI chalcogen hydrides ChEBI argon molecular entity inorganic ions inorganic ion inorganic ions ChEBI inorganic cations inorganic cation inorganic cations ChEBI A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. Cation cation Kation Kationen cationes cations cation Cation KEGG_COMPOUND cation ChEBI cation IUPAC Kation ChEBI Kationen ChEBI cationes ChEBI cations ChEBI chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acids chalcocarbonic acids chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acid ChEBI chalcocarbonic acids IUPAC chalcocarbonic acids ChEBI An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compounds organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compound ChEBI organochalcogen compounds ChEBI An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. organooxygen compound organooxygen compounds organooxygen compound organooxygen compound ChEBI organooxygen compounds ChEBI amino-acid anion amino acid anions amino-acid anions amino-acid anion amino-acid anion ChEBI amino acid anions ChEBI amino-acid anions ChEBI organic hydride mononuclear parent hydrides mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides mononuclear parent hydride mononuclear parent hydrides IUPAC mononuclear hydride ChEBI mononuclear hydrides IUPAC elemental sodium elemental potassium elemental zinc elemental copper An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). Acid acid Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids acid Acid KEGG_COMPOUND acid IUPAC Saeure ChEBI Saeuren ChEBI acide IUPAC acido ChEBI acids ChEBI A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities heteroatomic molecular entity chemical compound ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements. halides halide halides ChEBI An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. carboxamides carboxamides primary carboxamide carboxamide carboxamides IUPAC carboxamides ChEBI primary carboxamide ChEBI acyclic phosphorus acid anhydrides acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride acyclic phosphorus acid anhydrides ChEBI sulfuric acid derivative sulfuric acid derivatives sulfuric acid derivative sulfuric acid derivative ChEBI sulfuric acid derivatives ChEBI A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. carboacyl groups carboxylic acyl group carboxylic acyl groups carboacyl group carboacyl groups IUPAC carboxylic acyl group IUPAC carboxylic acyl groups IUPAC phosphate salt Phosphatsalz Phosphatsalze phosphate salts phosphate salt phosphate salt ChEBI Phosphatsalz ChEBI Phosphatsalze ChEBI phosphate salts ChEBI A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres. anti-arrhythmia agent antiarrhythmic agent anti-arrhythmia drug anti-arrhythmia agent ChEBI antiarrhythmic agent ChEBI A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units. PPys poly(pyrrole)s polypyrroles polypyrrole PPys ChEBI poly(pyrrole)s ChEBI polypyrroles ChEBI Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds organonitrogen heterocyclic compound heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds ChEBI organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds ChEBI A ligand with two or more separate binding sites that can bind to a single metallic central atom, forming a chelate. Chelating agent Metal chelator chelating agents chelators complexon chelator Chelating agent KEGG_COMPOUND Metal chelator KEGG_COMPOUND chelating agents ChEBI chelators ChEBI complexon ChEBI monocyclic heteroarenes monocyclic heteroarene monocyclic heteroarenes ChEBI One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. calcium channel antagonist calcium channel antagonists calcium channel blockers calcium channel blocker calcium channel antagonist ChEBI calcium channel antagonists ChEBI calcium channel blockers ChEBI magnesium tetrapyrroles magnesium tetrapyrrole magnesium tetrapyrroles ChEBI electron-transport chain inhibitor respiratory-chain inhibitor An EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1). CcO inhibitor EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitors EC 1.9.3.1 inhibitor EC 1.9.3.1 inhibitors NADH cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor NADH cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors Warburg's respiratory enzyme inhibitor Warburg's respiratory enzyme inhibitors complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitor complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitors cytochrome a3 inhibitor cytochrome a3 inhibitors cytochrome aa3 inhibitor cytochrome aa3 inhibitors cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitor cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitors cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors cytochrome oxidase inhibitor cytochrome oxidase inhibitors cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitor cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors ferrocytochrome c oxidase inhibitor ferrocytochrome c oxidase inhibitors ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors indophenol oxidase inhibitor indophenol oxidase inhibitors indophenolase inhibitor indophenolase inhibitors mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor mitochondrial complex IV inhibitors mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor CcO inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.9.3.1 inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.9.3.1 inhibitors ChEBI NADH cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor ChEBI NADH cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors ChEBI Warburg's respiratory enzyme inhibitor ChEBI Warburg's respiratory enzyme inhibitors ChEBI complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitor ChEBI complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitors ChEBI cytochrome a3 inhibitor ChEBI cytochrome a3 inhibitors ChEBI cytochrome aa3 inhibitor ChEBI cytochrome aa3 inhibitors ChEBI cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitor ChEBI cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitors ChEBI cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor ChEBI cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors ChEBI cytochrome oxidase inhibitor ChEBI cytochrome oxidase inhibitors ChEBI cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitor ChEBI cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors ChEBI ferrocytochrome c oxidase inhibitor ChEBI ferrocytochrome c oxidase inhibitors ChEBI ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI indophenol oxidase inhibitor ChEBI indophenol oxidase inhibitors ChEBI indophenolase inhibitor ChEBI indophenolase inhibitors ChEBI mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor ChEBI mitochondrial complex IV inhibitors ChEBI mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors ChEBI Any agent that affects the transport of molecular entities across a biological membrane. membrane transport modulators membrane transport modulator membrane transport modulators ChEBI inorganic sodium salts inorganic sodium salt inorganic sodium salts ChEBI A membrane transport modulator that is able to regulate intracellular calcium levels. calcium channel modulators calcium channel modulator calcium channel modulators ChEBI Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation. anaesthetic Anaesthetika Anaesthetikum anaesthetics anesthetic agent anesthetic drug anesthetics anaesthetic anaesthetic IUPAC Anaesthetika ChEBI Anaesthetikum ChEBI anaesthetics ChEBI anesthetic agent ChEBI anesthetic drug ChEBI anesthetics ChEBI calcium cation calcium cations calcium cation calcium cation ChEBI calcium cations ChEBI calcium ion calcium ions calcium ion calcium ion ChEBI calcium ions ChEBI A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). Bronsted acid Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor Bronsted acid Bronsted acid IUPAC Bronsted-Saeure ChEBI acide de Bronsted IUPAC donneur d'hydron IUPAC hydron donor IUPAC A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). Bronsted base Bronsted-Base accepteur d'hydron base de Bronsted hydron acceptor Bronsted base Bronsted base IUPAC Bronsted-Base ChEBI accepteur d'hydron IUPAC base de Bronsted IUPAC hydron acceptor IUPAC A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. Lewis base Lewis-Base base de Lewis donneur d'une paire d'electrons electron donor Lewis base Lewis base IUPAC Lewis-Base ChEBI base de Lewis IUPAC donneur d'une paire d'electrons ChEBI electron donor ChEBI antibiotic pesticide antibiotic nematicide A volatile or volatilizable chemical compound utilized for control of pests in buildings, soil, grain, as well as during processing of goods to be imported or exported to prevent transfer of exotic organisms. fumigant pesticide fumigants fumigant fumigant pesticide ChEBI fumigants ChEBI fumigant insecticides fumigant insecticide fumigant insecticides ChEBI mite growth regulator Any chemical substance that inhibits the life-cycle of an organism. growth regulators growth regulator growth regulators ChEBI A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated. dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-) dihydrogenphosphate dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-) dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-) DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION H2PO4(-) [PO2(OH)2](-) dihydrogenphosphate dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-) IUPAC dihydrogenphosphate IUPAC dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-) IUPAC dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-) IUPAC DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem H2PO4(-) IUPAC [PO2(OH)2](-) IUPAC carbonate trioxidocarbonate(2-) CARBONATE ION CO3(2-) Karbonat [CO3](2-) carbonate carbonate IUPAC trioxidocarbonate(2-) IUPAC CARBONATE ION PDBeChem CO3(2-) ChEBI Karbonat ChEBI [CO3](2-) IUPAC HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy hydroxy group -OH hydroxyl hydroxyl group hydroxy group HYDROXY GROUP PDBeChem hydroxy IUPAC hydroxy group UniProt -OH IUPAC hydroxyl ChEBI hydroxyl group ChEBI A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate. hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-) hydrogenphosphate hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-) hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-) HPO4(2-) HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP [P(OH)O3](2-) [PO3(OH)](2-) hydrogen phosphate phosphate hydrogenphosphate hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-) IUPAC hydrogenphosphate IUPAC hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V) IUPAC hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-) IUPAC HPO4(2-) IUPAC HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION PDBeChem INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP PDBeChem [P(OH)O3](2-) MolBase [PO3(OH)](2-) IUPAC hydrogen phosphate ChEBI phosphate UniProt hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-) hydrogensulfate hydrogensulfate(1-) hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-) hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI) hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-) HSO4(-) HYDROGEN SULFATE [SO3(OH)](-) hydrogensulfate hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-) IUPAC hydrogensulfate IUPAC hydrogensulfate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-) IUPAC hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI) IUPAC hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-) IUPAC HSO4(-) IUPAC HYDROGEN SULFATE PDBeChem [SO3(OH)](-) IUPAC OXO GROUP oxo =O oxo group OXO GROUP PDBeChem oxo IUPAC =O IUPAC In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). mineral Minerale minerales minerals mineraux mineral mineral ChEBI Minerale ChEBI minerales ChEBI minerals ChEBI mineraux ChEBI carbonate salts carbonate salt carbonate salts ChEBI phosphate minerals phosphate mineral phosphate minerals ChEBI A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Loesungsmittel solvant solvents solvent Loesungsmittel ChEBI solvant ChEBI solvents ChEBI CARBOXY GROUP carboxy -C(O)OH -CO2H -COOH carboxyl group carboxy group CARBOXY GROUP PDBeChem carboxy IUPAC -C(O)OH IUPAC -CO2H ChEBI -COOH IUPAC carboxyl group ChEBI ammonium salt Ammoniumsalz Ammoniumsalze ammonium salts ammonium salt ammonium salt ChEBI Ammoniumsalz ChEBI Ammoniumsalze ChEBI ammonium salts ChEBI macrocyclic polypyrroles cyclic polypyrroles polypyrrole macrocycles cyclic polypyrrole macrocyclic polypyrroles IUPAC cyclic polypyrroles ChEBI polypyrrole macrocycles ChEBI A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms. Nitric acid hydrogen trioxonitrate(1-) hydroxidodioxidonitrogen trioxonitric acid HNO3 HONO2 Salpetersaeure [NO2(OH)] acide azotique acide nitrique azotic acid hydrogen nitrate nitric acid Nitric acid KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen trioxonitrate(1-) IUPAC hydroxidodioxidonitrogen IUPAC trioxonitric acid IUPAC HNO3 IUPAC HONO2 NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Salpetersaeure ChemIDplus [NO2(OH)] IUPAC acide azotique ChEBI acide nitrique ChemIDplus azotic acid ChemIDplus hydrogen nitrate NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Schwefeloxide oxides of sulfur sulfur oxides sulfur oxide Schwefeloxide ChEBI oxides of sulfur ChEBI sulfur oxides ChEBI calcium oxides A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. polar solvent polar solvents polar solvent polar solvent IUPAC polar solvents ChEBI A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. protogenic solvent protic solvent protogenic solvent IUPAC Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor. protophilic solvent HBA solvent hydrogen bond acceptor solvent protophilic solvent protophilic solvent IUPAC HBA solvent ChEBI hydrogen bond acceptor solvent ChEBI Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases. amphiprotic solvent amphiprotic solvent amphiprotic solvent IUPAC carbamimidic acid H2N-C(=NH)-OH H2N-C(OH)=NH HO-C(=NH)-NH2 Isoharnstoff carbamimic acid carbonamidimidic acid isourea pseudourea carbamimidic acid carbamimidic acid IUPAC H2N-C(=NH)-OH IUPAC H2N-C(OH)=NH IUPAC HO-C(=NH)-NH2 IUPAC Isoharnstoff ChEBI carbamimic acid ChemIDplus carbonamidimidic acid IUPAC isourea ChemIDplus pseudourea ChemIDplus Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH). imidic acid imidic acids imidic acids imino acids imidic acid imidic acid ChEBI imidic acids IUPAC imidic acids ChEBI imino acids IUPAC carboximidic acid carboximidic acids carboximidic acids carboximidic acid carboximidic acid ChEBI carboximidic acids IUPAC carboximidic acids ChEBI A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. isoureas isoureas isourea isoureas IUPAC isoureas ChEBI cyanido cyano -C#N -CN CYANIDE GROUP NC- carbonitrile group cyano group cyanido IUPAC cyano IUPAC -C#N IUPAC -CN IUPAC CYANIDE GROUP PDBeChem NC- IUPAC carbonitrile group ChEBI gypsum Gips aljez gypse gypsite yeso gypsum gypsum ChemIDplus Gips ChemIDplus aljez ChEBI gypse ChEBI gypsite ChemIDplus yeso ChEBI hydrogen 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene hydrogen atom hydrogen IUPAC 1H IUPAC H IUPAC Wasserstoff ChEBI hidrogeno ChEBI hydrogen ChEBI hydrogene ChEBI A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. organic amino compounds organic amino compound organic amino compounds ChEBI onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations onium cations onium ion onium ions onium cation onium cations IUPAC onium cations ChEBI onium ion ChEBI onium ions ChEBI chloranium chloronium H2Cl(+) [ClH2](+) chloronium chloranium IUPAC chloronium IUPAC H2Cl(+) IUPAC [ClH2](+) IUPAC organic nitrogen anions organic nitrogen anion organic nitrogen anions ChEBI A substance used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy. reproductive control agent reproductive control drugs reproductive control drug reproductive control agent ChEBI reproductive control drugs ChEBI Any molecular entity that contains carbon. organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities organic molecular entity organic compounds ChEBI organic entity ChEBI organic molecular entities ChEBI A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells. genotoxic agent genotoxic agents genotoxins genotoxin genotoxic agent ChEBI genotoxic agents ChEBI genotoxins ChEBI A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy. alergeno allergene allergenic agent allergen alergeno ChEBI allergene ChEBI allergenic agent ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system. agente neurotoxico nerve poison nerve poisons neurotoxic agent neurotoxic agents neurotoxicant neurotoxins neurotoxin agente neurotoxico ChEBI nerve poison ChEBI nerve poisons ChEBI neurotoxic agent ChEBI neurotoxic agents ChEBI neurotoxicant ChEBI neurotoxins ChEBI nitrate salts nitrate salt nitrate salts ChEBI inorganic nitrate salts inorganic nitrates inorganic nitrate salt inorganic nitrate salts ChEBI inorganic nitrates ChEBI A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chemical role Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities nitrogen molecular entity Nitrogenous compounds KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen compounds ChEBI nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI Sulfate salts where the cation is a metal ion. metal sulfates metal sulfate metal sulfates ChEBI Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s). organodiyl groups organodiyl group organodiyl groups ChEBI organic divalent group organic univalent group A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. biochemical role biophysical role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. etiopathogenetic agent etiopathogenetic role aetiopathogenetic role etiopathogenetic agent ChEBI etiopathogenetic role ChEBI A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. pharmacological role physiological role Any molecule or ion capable of binding to a central metal atom to form coordination complexes. ligands ligand ligands ChEBI Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical farmaco ChEBI medicament ChEBI pharmaceuticals ChEBI inorganic hydroxides inorganic hydroxy compound inorganic hydroxides ChEBI A polymerized phosphorus oxoacid of general formula HO[PO2OH]nH formed by condensation of orthophosphoric acid molecules and containing a backbone chain consisting of alternating P and O atoms covalently bonded together. Condensed phosphoric acid Phospholeum Polyphosphoric acids Superphosphoric acid poly(phosphoric acid) polyphosphoric acid Condensed phosphoric acid ChemIDplus Phospholeum ChemIDplus Polyphosphoric acids ChemIDplus Superphosphoric acid ChemIDplus poly(phosphoric acid) ChEBI The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. antigenic determinant epitope function epitope role epitope antigenic determinant ChEBI epitope function ChEBI epitope role ChEBI A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds heterocyclic compound Heterocyclic compound KEGG_COMPOUND compuesto heterociclico IUPAC compuestos heterociclicos IUPAC heterocycle ChEBI heterocyclic compounds ChEBI An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a cyclic tetrapyrrole compound. cyclic tetrapyrrole anions cyclic tetrapyrrole anion cyclic tetrapyrrole anions ChEBI Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units. phosphoric acids A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. nucleophile nucleophiles nucleophilic reagents nucleophilic reagent nucleophile ChEBI nucleophiles ChEBI nucleophilic reagents ChEBI A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. Chemische Substanz chemical substance Chemische Substanz ChEBI A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. Mischung mixture Mischung ChEBI A metal cation with a valence of two. a divalent metal cation divalent metal cation a divalent metal cation UniProt An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. a monovalent cation monovalent inorganic cation a monovalent cation UniProt A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell. signal molecule signal molecules signaling molecule signaling molecules signalling molecules signalling molecule signal molecule ChEBI signal molecules ChEBI signaling molecule ChEBI signaling molecules ChEBI signalling molecules ChEBI A family of nitrogen molecular entities which are highly reactive and derived from nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O2.(-)) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively. RNI RNS reactive nitrogen species RNI SUBMITTER RNS SUBMITTER An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. diazanium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 ammonium sulfate (2:1) ammonium sulphate diammonium sulfate mascagnite sulfuric acid ammonium salt (1:2) sulfuric acid, diammonium salt sulphate of ammonia ammonium sulfate diazanium sulfate IUPAC (NH4)2SO4 ChEBI ammonium sulfate (2:1) ChemIDplus ammonium sulphate SUBMITTER diammonium sulfate IUPAC mascagnite ChemIDplus sulfuric acid ammonium salt (1:2) ChemIDplus sulfuric acid, diammonium salt ChemIDplus sulphate of ammonia ChEBI The ammonium salt of phosphoric acid (molar ratio 1:1). ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Ammonium acid phosphate Ammonium biphosphate Ammonium diacid phosphate Ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate Ammonium dihydrophosphate Ammonium monobasic phosphate Ammonium monophosphate Ammonium orthophosphate dihydrogen Dihydrogen ammonium phosphate Monoammonium acid phosphate Monoammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate Monoammonium dihydrogen phosphate Monoammonium hydrogen phosphate Monoammonium orthophosphate Monoammonium phosphate Monobasic ammonium phosphate Phosphoric acid, monoammonium salt Primary ammonium phosphate monoammonium phosphate ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ammonium dihydrogen phosphate IUPAC Ammonium acid phosphate ChemIDplus Ammonium biphosphate ChemIDplus Ammonium diacid phosphate ChemIDplus Ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate ChemIDplus Ammonium dihydrophosphate ChemIDplus Ammonium monobasic phosphate ChemIDplus Ammonium monophosphate ChemIDplus Ammonium orthophosphate dihydrogen ChemIDplus Dihydrogen ammonium phosphate ChemIDplus Monoammonium acid phosphate ChemIDplus Monoammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate ChemIDplus Monoammonium dihydrogen phosphate ChemIDplus Monoammonium hydrogen phosphate ChemIDplus Monoammonium orthophosphate ChemIDplus Monoammonium phosphate ChemIDplus Monobasic ammonium phosphate ChemIDplus Phosphoric acid, monoammonium salt ChemIDplus Primary ammonium phosphate ChemIDplus monoammonium phosphate SUBMITTER The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium. sodium nitrate sodium trioxidonitrate(1-) Chile saltpeter Cubic niter Niter Nitrate de sodium Nitrate of soda Nitric acid monosodium salt Nitric acid sodium salt (1:1) Nitric acid, sodium salt Sodium saltpeter Sodium(I) nitrate (1:1) sodium nitrate sodium nitrate IUPAC sodium trioxidonitrate(1-) IUPAC Chile saltpeter SUBMITTER Cubic niter ChemIDplus Niter ChemIDplus Nitrate de sodium ChemIDplus Nitrate of soda ChemIDplus Nitrate of soda SUBMITTER Nitric acid monosodium salt ChemIDplus Nitric acid sodium salt (1:1) ChemIDplus Nitric acid, sodium salt ChemIDplus Sodium saltpeter ChemIDplus Sodium(I) nitrate (1:1) ChemIDplus A potassium salt in which dihydrogen phosphate(1-) is the counterion. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate potassium dihydrogen phosphate MKP Monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate Monopotassium monophosphate Monopotassium orthophosphate Monopotassium phosphate Orthophosphoric acid, monopotassium salt Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:1) Potassium acid phosphate Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate Potassium phosphate Potassium phosphate monobasic Sorensen's potassium phosphate potassium dihydrogen phosphate Potassium dihydrogen phosphate ChemIDplus potassium dihydrogen phosphate IUPAC MKP ChEBI Monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate ChemIDplus Monopotassium monophosphate ChemIDplus Monopotassium orthophosphate ChemIDplus Monopotassium phosphate ChemIDplus Orthophosphoric acid, monopotassium salt ChemIDplus Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt ChemIDplus Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:1) ChemIDplus Potassium acid phosphate ChemIDplus Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate ChemIDplus Potassium phosphate ChemIDplus Potassium phosphate monobasic SUBMITTER Sorensen's potassium phosphate ChemIDplus The ammonium salt of nitric acid. ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitricum Ammonium saltpeter Ammonium(I) nitrate (1:1) Nitrate d'ammonium Nitrate of ammonia Nitrato amonico Nitric acid ammonium salt (1:1) Nitric acid, ammonium salt Norway saltpeter ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate IUPAC Ammonium nitricum ChemIDplus Ammonium saltpeter ChemIDplus Ammonium(I) nitrate (1:1) ChemIDplus Nitrate d'ammonium ChemIDplus Nitrate of ammonia ChemIDplus Nitrato amonico ChemIDplus Nitric acid ammonium salt (1:1) ChemIDplus Nitric acid, ammonium salt ChemIDplus Norway saltpeter ChemIDplus The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium. potassium nitrate Kaliumnitrat Niter Nitrate of potash Nitre Nitric acid, potassium salt Salt peter Saltpeter saltpetre potassium nitrate potassium nitrate IUPAC Kaliumnitrat ChemIDplus Niter ChemIDplus Nitrate of potash ChemIDplus Nitre ChemIDplus Nitric acid, potassium salt ChemIDplus Salt peter ChemIDplus Saltpeter ChemIDplus saltpetre SUBMITTER The chemical role played by a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability. emulgent emulgents emulsifiers emulsifier emulgent ChEBI emulgents ChEBI emulsifiers ChEBI A food additive used to form or maintain a uniform emulsion of two (or more) phases in a food. food emulsifiers food emulsifier food emulsifiers ChEBI An inorganic phosphate, being the diammonium salt of phosphoric acid. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 18-46-0 (N-P2O5-K2O) and is marketed under the name diammonium phosphate or DAP. Diammonium hydrogen phosphate diammonium hydrogen phosphate diazanium hydrogen phosphate Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic Ammonium phosphate Ammonium phosphate, dibasic Diammonium acid phosphate Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate Diammonium orthophosphate Dibasic ammonium phosphate Hydrogen diammonium phosphate Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt Secondary ammonium phosphate ammonium monohydrogen phosphate ammonium phosphate dibasic diammonium phosphate diammonium hydrogen phosphate Diammonium hydrogen phosphate ChemIDplus diammonium hydrogen phosphate IUPAC diazanium hydrogen phosphate IUPAC Ammonium monohydrogen orthophosphate ChemIDplus Ammonium orthophosphate dibasic ChemIDplus Ammonium phosphate ChemIDplus Ammonium phosphate, dibasic ChemIDplus Diammonium acid phosphate ChemIDplus Diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate ChemIDplus Diammonium monohydrogen phosphate ChemIDplus Diammonium orthophosphate ChemIDplus Dibasic ammonium phosphate ChemIDplus Hydrogen diammonium phosphate ChemIDplus Phosphoric acid, diammonium salt ChemIDplus Secondary ammonium phosphate ChemIDplus ammonium monohydrogen phosphate SUBMITTER ammonium phosphate dibasic SUBMITTER diammonium phosphate SUBMITTER Any zinc ion that is positively charged. zinc cations zinc cation zinc cations ChEBI The element or compound in a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction that donates an electron to another species. reducer reducers reducing agents reductant reductants reducing agent reducer ChEBI reducers ChEBI reducing agents ChEBI reductant ChEBI reductants ChEBI A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. oxidant oxidants oxidiser oxidisers oxidising agents oxidizer oxidizers oxidizing agent oxidizing agents oxidising agent oxidant ChEBI oxidants ChEBI oxidiser ChEBI oxidisers ChEBI oxidising agents ChEBI oxidizer ChEBI oxidizers ChEBI oxidizing agent ChEBI oxidizing agents ChEBI A substance capable of undergoing rapid and highly exothermic decomposition. explosive compound explosive compounds explosive material explosives explosives chemical explosives chemicals explosive explosive compound ChEBI explosive compounds ChEBI explosive material ChEBI explosives ChEBI explosives chemical ChEBI explosives chemicals ChEBI Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. food additives food additive food additives ChEBI A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents. acidity regulator acidity regulators food acidity regulators pH control agent pH control agents food acidity regulator acidity regulator ChEBI acidity regulators ChEBI food acidity regulators ChEBI pH control agent ChEBI pH control agents ChEBI Inorganic nitrate salt of calcium. calcium dinitrate Calcium saltpeter Calcium(II) nitrate (1:2) Lime nitrate Lime saltpeter Nitric acid, calcium salt Norge saltpeter Norway saltpeter Norwegian saltpeter Saltpeter anhydrous calcium nitrate calcium nitrate calcium dinitrate IUPAC Calcium saltpeter ChemIDplus Calcium(II) nitrate (1:2) ChemIDplus Lime nitrate ChemIDplus Lime saltpeter ChemIDplus Nitric acid, calcium salt ChemIDplus Norge saltpeter ChemIDplus Norway saltpeter ChemIDplus Norwegian saltpeter ChemIDplus Saltpeter ChemIDplus anhydrous calcium nitrate ChEBI The calcium salt of cyanamide, formed when calcium carbide reacts with nitrogen calcium methanediylidenediazanide Cyanamide calcique Cyanamide, calcium salt (1:1) Lime nitrogen Lime-nitrogen Nitrogen lime calcium carbimide carbimida calcica carbimide calcique methanediimine, calcium salt (1:1) calcium cyanamide calcium methanediylidenediazanide IUPAC Cyanamide calcique ChemIDplus Cyanamide, calcium salt (1:1) ChemIDplus Lime nitrogen ChemIDplus Lime-nitrogen ChemIDplus Nitrogen lime ChemIDplus calcium carbimide ChemIDplus carbimida calcica ChemIDplus carbimide calcique ChemIDplus methanediimine, calcium salt (1:1) ChEBI An organic nitrogen anion formed from cyanamide by loss of its two protons. methanediylidenediazanide cyanamide(2-) methanediylidenediazanide IUPAC A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. lignin A food additive which is added to flour or dough to improve baking quality and/or colour. flour treatment agent dough improver dough improvers improving agent improving agents flour treatment agent flour treatment agent ChEBI dough improver ChEBI dough improvers ChEBI improving agent ChEBI improving agents ChEBI An inorganic cation with a valency of two. divalent inorganic cation An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). one-carbon compounds one-carbon compound one-carbon compounds ChEBI Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. organic acids organic acid organic acids ChEBI The inorganic nitrate salt of magnesium. magnesium dinitrate magnesium nitrate magnesium dinitrate IUPAC Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances poison poisonous agent ChEBI poisonous agents ChEBI poisonous substance ChEBI poisonous substances ChEBI poisons ChEBI toxic agent ChEBI toxic agents ChEBI toxic substance ChEBI toxic substances ChEBI Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. food preservatives food preservative food preservatives ChEBI Any substance which is used to neutralise stomach acidity. antacids antacid antacids ChEBI Any compound used to suppress premature labour and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions. anti-contraction drug anti-contraction drugs anti-contraction medication anti-contraction medications labour repressant labour repressants tocolytic tocolytic agents tocolytic drug tocolytic drugs tocolytics tocolytic agent anti-contraction drug ChEBI anti-contraction drugs ChEBI anti-contraction medication ChEBI anti-contraction medications ChEBI labour repressant ChEBI labour repressants ChEBI tocolytic ChEBI tocolytic agents ChEBI tocolytic drug ChEBI tocolytic drugs ChEBI tocolytics ChEBI A chemosterilant intended to sterilize insects. insect chemosterilant insect chemosterilants insect sterilants insect sterilant insect chemosterilant ChEBI insect chemosterilants ChEBI insect sterilants ChEBI Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. azoles azole azoles ChEBI An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects. insect repellents insect repellent insect repellents ChEBI Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. organic compound organic compounds organic molecules organic molecule organic compound ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI organic molecules ChEBI A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions. adstringent adstringents astringents astringent adstringent ChEBI adstringents ChEBI astringents ChEBI A chemical additive used to toughen or harden a polymer material by cross-linking of polymer chains. curing agents vulcanization agent vulcanization agents vulcanizing agent vulcanizing agents curing agent curing agents ChEBI vulcanization agent ChEBI vulcanization agents ChEBI vulcanizing agent ChEBI vulcanizing agents ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. eukaryotic metabolites eukaryotic metabolite eukaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. animal metabolites animal metabolite animal metabolites ChEBI Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. mammalian metabolites mammalian metabolite mammalian metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites mouse metabolite Mus musculus metabolite ChEBI Mus musculus metabolites ChEBI mouse metabolites ChEBI Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. prokaryotic metabolites prokaryotic metabolite prokaryotic metabolites ChEBI A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'. greenhouse gases greenhouse gas greenhouse gases ChEBI A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans. propellants propellant propellants ChEBI An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*). EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitors EC 1.* inhibitor EC 1.* inhibitors oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase inhibitor oxidoreductase inhibitors EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase inhibitors ChEBI An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors (EC 1.2.*.*). EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group) inhibitor EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group) inhibitors EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group) inhibitors EC 1.2.* inhibitor EC 1.2.* inhibitors inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donor inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donors inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donor inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donors inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donor inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donors inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donor inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donors oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group inhibitors EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group) inhibitor EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group) inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.2.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.2.* inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donor ChEBI inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donors ChEBI inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donor ChEBI inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donors ChEBI inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donor ChEBI inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde or oxo group of donors ChEBI inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donor ChEBI inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on aldehyde/oxo group of donors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde or oxo group inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group (EC 1.2.*) inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group inhibitors ChEBI An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*.*). EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitor EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitors EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitors EC 1.9.* inhibitor EC 1.9.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitors EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.9.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.9.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitors ChEBI Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*). EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.* inhibitor EC 3.* inhibitors EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors hydrolase inhibitor hydrolase inhibitors EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.* inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors ChEBI hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*.*). EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.1.* inhibitor EC 3.1.* inhibitors ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitor ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitors ester hydrolase inhibitor ester hydrolase inhibitors EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.* inhibitors ChEBI ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI ester hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI ester hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*). EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors EC 3.5.* inhibitor EC 3.5.* inhibitors EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.* inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*). EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.1.3.* inhibitor EC 3.1.3.* inhibitors inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitor phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitors phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitor phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitors EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.1.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.1.3.* inhibitors ChEBI inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase ChEBI inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) ChEBI inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase ChEBI inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) ChEBI phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitor ChEBI phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitors ChEBI phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitor ChEBI phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitors ChEBI An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 1.2.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.2.1.*). EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors EC 1.2.1.* inhibitor EC 1.2.1.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.2.1.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.2.1.*) inhibitors EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.2.1.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.2.1.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.2.1.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.2.1.*) inhibitors ChEBI An EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*). EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors EC 1.9.3.* inhibitor EC 1.9.3.* inhibitors oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitor oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitors EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors ChEBI EC 1.9.3.* inhibitor ChEBI EC 1.9.3.* inhibitors ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitor ChEBI oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitors ChEBI An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with one or more steps in a metabolic pathway. metabolic pathway inhibitor metabolic pathway inhibitors pathway inhibitors pathway inhibitor metabolic pathway inhibitor ChEBI metabolic pathway inhibitors ChEBI pathway inhibitors ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. fungal metabolites fungal metabolite fungal metabolites ChEBI Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolite E.coli metabolite ChEBI E.coli metabolites ChEBI Escherichia coli metabolites ChEBI A food additive that imparts colour to food. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food colours are from E 100 to E 199, divided into yellows (E 100-109), oranges (E 110-119), reds (E 120-129), blues and violets (E 130-139), greens (E 140-149), browns and blacks (E 150-159), and others (E 160-199). food coloring food colorings food colourings food colouring food coloring ChEBI food colorings ChEBI food colourings ChEBI A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues. calcium phosphate Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites human metabolite H. sapiens metabolite ChEBI H. sapiens metabolites ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolite ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolites ChEBI An inorganic sodium salt having selenate as the counterion. disodium selenate Natriumseleniat Selenic acid, disodium salt Sodium selenium oxide sodium selenate disodium selenate IUPAC Natriumseleniat ChemIDplus Selenic acid, disodium salt ChemIDplus Sodium selenium oxide ChemIDplus An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4). EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors acylamidase inhibitor acylamidase inhibitors acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors amidase inhibitor amidase inhibitors amidohydrolase inhibitor amidohydrolase inhibitors deaminase inhibitor deaminase inhibitors fatty acylamidase inhibitor fatty acylamidase inhibitors EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor ChEBI EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor ChEBI amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors ChEBI amidase inhibitor ChEBI amidase inhibitors ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitor ChEBI amidohydrolase inhibitors ChEBI deaminase inhibitor ChEBI deaminase inhibitors ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitor ChEBI fatty acylamidase inhibitors ChEBI A food additive that is used to make or keep fruit or vegetable tissues firm and crisp. or which interacts with gelling agents such as pectin to produce or strengthen a gel. firming agent firming agents food firming agents food firming agent firming agent ChEBI firming agents ChEBI food firming agents ChEBI A food preservative that acts by chelating with metal cations (particularly those of copper, iron and nickel) that catalyse the oxidation of fats in food. sequestrants sequestrant sequestrants ChEBI A food additive which liberates gas so as to increase the volume of a dough or batter, resulting in a lighter and softer finished product. food raising agent food raising agents leavening agent leavening agents raising agents raising agent food raising agent ChEBI food raising agents ChEBI leavening agent ChEBI leavening agents ChEBI raising agents ChEBI A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. food packaging gases food packaging gas food packaging gases ChEBI A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container. food propellants food propellant food propellants ChEBI A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. dietary component dietary components food components food component dietary component ChEBI dietary components ChEBI food components ChEBI environmental contaminant A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. refrigerants refrigerant refrigerants ChEBI Any compound that is added to manufactured materials to inhibit, suppress, or delay the production of flames and so prevent the spread of fire. flame retardants flame retardant flame retardants ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of three. trivalent inorganic anions trivalent inorganic anion trivalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. divalent inorganic anions divalent inorganic anion divalent inorganic anions ChEBI Any inorganic anion with a valency of one. monovalent inorganic anions monovalent inorganic anion monovalent inorganic anions ChEBI An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill. crustacean metabolites crustacean metabolite crustacean metabolites ChEBI A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna. Daphnia magna metabolites Daphnia magna metabolite Daphnia magna metabolites ChEBI A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia Daphnia metabolites Daphnia metabolite Daphnia metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae. algal metabolites algal metabolite algal metabolites ChEBI Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. allergenic metal allergenic metals metal allergens metal allergen allergenic metal ChEBI allergenic metals ChEBI metal allergens ChEBI A mixture consisting of urea (typically 40-45%), ammonium nitrate (30-35%) and water (30-20%). It is used as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture. UAN urea ammonium nitrate solution urea ammonium nitrate UAN ChEBI urea ammonium nitrate solution ChEBI A mixture obtained by combining ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and water. It is widely used as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture. CAN ammonium nitrate limestone limestone ammonium nitrate nitro-chalk nitro-limestone calcium ammonium nitrate CAN ChEBI ammonium nitrate limestone ChEBI limestone ammonium nitrate ChEBI nitro-chalk ChEBI nitro-limestone ChEBI A mixture obtained by combining ammonium sulfate and urea. ammonium sulfate-urea urea ammonium sulfate urea-ammonium sulfate ammonium sulfate urea ammonium sulfate-urea ChEBI urea ammonium sulfate ChEBI urea-ammonium sulfate ChEBI macroscopic spatial feature geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. man-made feature manmade feature anthropogenic geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 administrative area administrative division administrative entity boundary region civil area district free trade zone governed place leased area (government) leased zone (government) neutral zone (political) prefecture protectorate sheikdom sultanate trade zone administrative region administrative area ADL:FTT administrative division ADL:FTT administrative division Getty:TGN administrative entity Getty:TGN boundary region ADL:FTT civil area ADL:FTT district ADL:FTT free trade zone ADL:FTT governed place ADL:FTT leased area (government) ADL:FTT leased zone (government) ADL:FTT neutral zone (political) ADL:FTT prefecture ADL:FTT protectorate ADL:FTT sheikdom ADL:FTT sultanate ADL:FTT trade zone ADL:FTT A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. countries, 1st order division first level subdivision first-order administrative division first-order administrative region A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 1st order division ADL:FTT first level subdivision Getty:TGN first-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. countries, 2nd order division second level subdivision second-order administrative division second-order administrative region A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 2nd order division ADL:FTT second level subdivision Getty:TGN second-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. barrio countries, 3rd order division third level subdivision third-order administrative division third-order administrative region A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html barrio ADL:FTT countries, 3rd order division ADL:FTT third level subdivision Getty:TGN third-order administrative division Geonames:feature A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. nation independent nation independent political entity independent sovereign nation country political entity state national geopolitical entity A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State nation ADL:FTT independent nation Getty:TGN independent political entity Getty:TGN independent sovereign nation Getty:TGN country ADL:FTT political entity ADL:FTT A geographical feature associated with water. fluvial feature hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water. MA:ma fluvial feature ADL:FTT A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. Ocean ocean ocean region ocean Ocean NASA:earthrealm ocean Geonames:feature ocean region ADL:FTT A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. Sea sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water sea A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea Sea NASA:earthrealm sea ADL:FTT sea Geonames:feature closed sea USGS:SDTS marginal sea USGS:SDTS open sea USGS:SDTS open sound USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). saline hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. salt lake salina soda lake saline lake A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. MA:ma salt lake USGS:SDTS salina USGS:SDTS A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. catch basin open water tarn broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake lake A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake catch basin USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS tarn ADL:FTT lochan ADL:FTT mortlake USGS:SDTS pasteuer lake USGS:SDTS A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. rio braided river river A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River rio ADL:FTT rio USGS:SDTS braided river USGS:SDTS A watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface. watercourse Stream stream streams braided stream fork (hydrographic lode millstream stream bend Creek beck brook burn (hydrographic) creek rivulet stream A watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface. USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html watercourse ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS Stream NASA:earthrealm stream Geonames:feature streams Geonames:feature braided stream USGS:SDTS fork (hydrographic ADL:FTT lode USGS:SDTS stream bend ADL:FTT Creek NASA:earthrealm beck USGS:SDTS brook ADL:FTT brook Getty:TGN burn (hydrographic) ADL:FTT creek ADL:FTT creek Getty:TGN creek USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. lake reservoir covered reservoir reservoir An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. MA:ma lake USGS:SDTS reservoir Geonames:feature covered reservoir ADL:FTT A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. well A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. Geonames:feature A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. SPRING Spring spring seep spring A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28hydrosphere%29#Classification SPRING USGS:SDTS Spring NASA:earthrealm spring Geonames:feature seep USGS:SDTS A flowing body of water. culvert dredged channel fork gulch gully gut gutter kill lode narrows overflow channel passage pup race ravine reach rill rivulet run runnel seachannel seaway spillway stream tideway wash water gap awawa barranca beck branch brook course draw moat narrows narrows (hydrographic) watercourse A flowing body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse culvert USGS:SDTS dredged channel USGS:SDTS fork USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully USGS:SDTS gut Getty:TGN gut USGS:SDTS gutter USGS:SDTS kill USGS:SDTS lode USGS:SDTS narrows Geonames:feature narrows USGS:SDTS overflow channel USGS:SDTS passage Getty:TGN passage USGS:SDTS pup USGS:SDTS race USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS reach Geonames:feature reach Getty:TGN reach USGS:SDTS rill USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS run Getty:TGN run USGS:SDTS runnel USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS seaway USGS:SDTS spillway Geonames:feature spillway USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT tideway USGS:SDTS wash USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS awawa USGS:SDTS barranca USGS:SDTS beck USGS:SDTS branch USGS:SDTS brook USGS:SDTS course USGS:SDTS draw USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS narrows Getty:TGN narrows (hydrographic) ADL:FTT A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. LAGOON Lagoon lagoon lagoons laguna barrier lagoon lagoon A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. USGS:SDTS LAGOON USGS:SDTS Lagoon NASA:earthrealm lagoon Geonames:feature lagoons Geonames:feature laguna ADL:FTT laguna USGS:SDTS barrier lagoon USGS:SDTS An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. WetlandRegion wetland area An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WetlandRegion NASA:earthrealm A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. HEDGE hedgerow shelter belt hedge A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. USGS:SDTS HEDGE USGS:SDTS hedgerow USGS:SDTS shelter belt USGS:SDTS A swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments. woodland mangal mangrove swamp MangroveForest mangrove swamp A swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments. MA:ma woodland USGS:SDTS mangrove swamp Geonames:feature MangroveForest NASA:earthrealm An accumulation of water of varying size. hydrographic feature aquatic feature bodies of water body of water waterbody water body An accumulation of water of varying size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_water hydrographic feature ADL:FTT bodies of water Getty:TGN body of water ADL:FTT body of water Getty:TGN An underground or underwater passage. TUNNEL cave natural tunnel tunnel An underground or underwater passage. USGS:SDTS TUNNEL USGS:SDTS cave ADL:FTT natural tunnel Geonames:feature natural tunnel Getty:TGN A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. constructed feature human construction A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. MA:ma A permanent walled and roofed construction. BUILDING building building A permanent walled and roofed construction. USGS:SDTS BUILDING USGS:SDTS building Geonames:feature A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. DAM Dam dam barrage dam site dam A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. USGS:SDTS DAM USGS:SDTS Dam NASA:earthrealm dam Geonames:feature barrage USGS:SDTS dam site ADL:FTT barn cattle dipping tank corral dairy feedlot grange grazing allotment irrigated field nursery pastoral site sheepfold stockyard AgriculturalLands agricultural colony agricultural facility agricultural land agricultural reserve agricultural site agricultural ecosystem barn ADL:FTT cattle dipping tank ADL:FTT corral ADL:FTT dairy ADL:FTT feedlot ADL:FTT grange ADL:FTT grazing allotment ADL:FTT irrigated field ADL:FTT nursery ADL:FTT nursery Geonames:feature pastoral site ADL:FTT sheepfold ADL:FTT stockyard ADL:FTT AgriculturalLands NASA:earthrealm agricultural colony Geonames:feature agricultural facility ADL:FTT agricultural land Getty:TGN agricultural reserve ADL:FTT agricultural reserve Geonames:feature agricultural site ADL:FTT An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. agricultural site FARM farm farms farmstead ranch farm An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. USGS:SDTS agricultural site ADL:FTT FARM USGS:SDTS farm Geonames:feature farms Geonames:feature farmstead ADL:FTT ranch Geonames:feature ranch Getty:TGN ranch USGS:SDTS A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. Mountain mountains mountain A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain#United_Kingdom https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-difference-between-mountain-hill-and-peak-lake-and-pond-or-river-and-creek Mountain NASA:earthrealm mountains Geonames:feature A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. cerro foothill hill hillock hills knoll mount mountain hill A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. Geonames:feature foothill ADL:FTT foothill USGS:SDTS hill Geonames:feature hillock USGS:SDTS hills Geonames:feature knoll USGS:SDTS mount USGS:SDTS mountain ADL:FTT A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. PLAIN Plain plain interfluve llanos outwash plain plain A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. USGS:SDTS PLAIN USGS:SDTS Plain NASA:earthrealm plain Geonames:feature interfluve ADL:FTT llanos ADL:FTT outwash plain USGS:SDTS An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features. coastal plain An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. Beach beach berm lagoon beach beach beaches foreshore flats rivage strand beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach Beach NASA:earthrealm beach berm USGS:SDTS lagoon beach USGS:SDTS beach Geonames:feature beaches Geonames:feature foreshore flats USGS:SDTS rivage USGS:SDTS strand ADL:FTT strand USGS:SDTS A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea. strand sea beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake. lacustrine beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake. MA:ma A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. volcanic landform volcanic feature A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano volcanic landform Getty:TGN A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. arid region desert area A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. USGS:SDTS arid region ADL:FTT Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. cay eyot holm hummock isle islet key island Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. USGS:SDTS cay USGS:SDTS hummock USGS:SDTS isle ADL:FTT islet ADL:FTT islet Getty:TGN islet USGS:SDTS key USGS:SDTS A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. chasm coulee dale glacial gorge glacial trough gulch gully median valley shelf valley glen goe gorge graben hollow lavaka moat ravine re-entrant seachannel strath trench vale water gap valley A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley chasm USGS:SDTS coulee USGS:SDTS dale USGS:SDTS glacial gorge USGS:SDTS glacial trough USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully Getty:TGN gully USGS:SDTS median valley ADL:FTT median valley Geonames:feature shelf valley Geonames:feature glen ADL:FTT glen USGS:SDTS goe USGS:SDTS gorge Geonames:feature gorge USGS:SDTS graben USGS:SDTS hollow ADL:FTT hollow Getty:TGN hollow USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS re-entrant USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS strath USGS:SDTS trench USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. grazing area herbaceous area grassland area An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS A grassland ecosystem which contains a variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants growing on rolling or flat terrain. meadow hay meadow meadow ecosystem A grassland ecosystem which contains a variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants growing on rolling or flat terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow meadow Geonames:feature hay meadow USGS:SDTS Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. brigalow pine grove caatinga chanaral coniferous forest copse deciduous forest equatorial forest equatorial rain forest garique grove jungle mallee scrub monsoon forest moor mott motte mulga mulga scrub rain forest reforested area sagebrush scrub shrub silva stand taiga thicket thorn forest tropical rain forest wood wooded area woodland area Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. USGS:SDTS brigalow USGS:SDTS pine grove Geonames:feature caatinga USGS:SDTS chanaral USGS:SDTS coniferous forest USGS:SDTS copse USGS:SDTS deciduous forest USGS:SDTS equatorial forest USGS:SDTS equatorial rain forest USGS:SDTS garique USGS:SDTS grove ADL:FTT grove USGS:SDTS jungle Getty:TGN jungle USGS:SDTS mallee scrub USGS:SDTS monsoon forest USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS motte USGS:SDTS mulga USGS:SDTS mulga scrub USGS:SDTS rain forest ADL:FTT rain forest Getty:TGN reforested area USGS:SDTS sagebrush USGS:SDTS scrub USGS:SDTS shrub USGS:SDTS silva USGS:SDTS stand USGS:SDTS taiga USGS:SDTS thicket USGS:SDTS thorn forest USGS:SDTS tropical rain forest USGS:SDTS wood ADL:FTT wood Getty:TGN wood USGS:SDTS wooded area USGS:SDTS An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. forest wood forested area An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest Geonames:feature wood Getty:TGN A vegetated area which is part of a tundra ecosystem. Arctic land TundraEcosystem area of tundra A vegetated area which is part of a tundra ecosystem. Arctic land ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra TundraEcosystem NASA:earthrealm A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. agricultural site field cropland grassland agricultural field A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_%28agriculture%29 agricultural site ADL:FTT field Geonames:feature cropland USGS:SDTS grassland USGS:SDTS A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention. planted forest A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention. MA:ma A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. political entity political entity A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. MA:ma political entity Geonames:feature A valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. dry valley A valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. gullie ravine stream valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. MA:ma ravine Geonames:feature ravine USGS:SDTS A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water. REEF atoll reef bank reef barrier reef fringing reef shore reef submerged reef ledge reef reef flat reefs rocky reef A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water. USGS:SDTS REEF USGS:SDTS atoll reef USGS:SDTS bank reef USGS:SDTS barrier reef ADL:FTT barrier reef USGS:SDTS fringing reef ADL:FTT fringing reef USGS:SDTS shore reef USGS:SDTS submerged reef USGS:SDTS ledge USGS:SDTS reef Geonames:feature reef flat USGS:SDTS reefs Geonames:feature A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. glacer Ice LandIce glacial landform glacier feature glacial feature A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. MA:ma glacer ADL:FTT Ice NASA:earthrealm LandIce NASA:earthrealm glacial landform Getty:TGN glacier feature ADL:FTT Soil or rock and included ice or organic material at or below the freezing point of water (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit) for two or more years. Permafrost permafrost Soil or rock and included ice or organic material at or below the freezing point of water (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit) for two or more years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost Permafrost NASA:earthrealm An opening of the sea into the land. coastal inlet coastal inlet An opening of the sea into the land. USGS:SDTS The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel. mount shore bank The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma mount USGS:SDTS shore USGS:SDTS The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel. stream bank bank (hydrographic) stream bank The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma stream bank Geonames:feature bank (hydrographic) ADL:FTT The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel. riverbank river bank The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma riverbank Getty:TGN Aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, marine waters with little nutrients in the water. CoralReef coral reef barrier reef fringing reef reef coral reef Aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, marine waters with little nutrients in the water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef CoralReef NASA:earthrealm coral reef ADL:FTT coral reef Geonames:feature coral reef USGS:SDTS fringing reef ADL:FTT fringing reef USGS:SDTS reef USGS:SDTS A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. OASIS oasis desert oasis A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. USGS:SDTS OASIS USGS:SDTS oasis Geonames:feature oasis Getty:TGN An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean. island atoll coral atoll REEF, ISLAND atoll reef atoll An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoll island ADL:FTT island USGS:SDTS atoll Geonames:feature REEF, ISLAND USGS:SDTS atoll USGS:SDTS reef USGS:SDTS A hill of sand built by eolian processes. mount ridge sandy area Dune dune sand dune interdune trough sand hill dune A hill of sand built by eolian processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS sandy area ADL:FTT sandy area Geonames:feature sandy area Getty:TGN Dune NASA:earthrealm dune Geonames:feature sand dune USGS:SDTS interdune trough ADL:FTT sand hill USGS:SDTS A landform elevated above the surrounding area. elevation A landform elevated above the surrounding area. MA:ma An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river. EMBANKMENT REVETMENT berm dike dike (manmade) dyke embankment levee revetment levee An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee EMBANKMENT USGS:SDTS REVETMENT USGS:SDTS berm ADL:FTT dike Geonames:feature dike Getty:TGN dike USGS:SDTS dike (manmade) ADL:FTT dyke USGS:SDTS embankment ADL:FTT levee Geonames:feature revetment ADL:FTT An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land. PLATEAU Plateau highland intermontane plateau plateau table mountain tableknoll tableland tablemount upland plateau An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land. USGS:SDTS PLATEAU USGS:SDTS Plateau NASA:earthrealm highland Getty:TGN intermontane plateau USGS:SDTS plateau Geonames:feature table mountain ADL:FTT tableknoll USGS:SDTS tableland ADL:FTT tableland USGS:SDTS tablemount USGS:SDTS upland ADL:FTT upland Geonames:feature upland Getty:TGN A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. valley hanging valley hanging valley A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley#Hanging_valleys valley ADL:FTT hanging valley Geonames:feature A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of solid material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. geological feature physiographic feature solid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of solid material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform geological feature ADL:FTT Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. TALUS talus slope scree Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scree TALUS USGS:SDTS talus slope Geonames:feature talus slope Getty:TGN An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin. volcanic island oceanic island An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands A wetland ecosystem which overlaps both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. coastal wetland ecosystem A wetland ecosystem which overlaps both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. MA:ma A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. wetland Swamp swamp cienaga swamp ecosystem A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Swamp NASA:earthrealm swamp Geonames:feature cienaga ADL:FTT A wetland which is inundated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. freshwater wetland ecosystem A wetland which is inundated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. MA:ma An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. mount Volcano volcano volcano An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano mount USGS:SDTS Volcano NASA:earthrealm volcano Geonames:feature A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. valley glacial valley A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. MA:ma valley USGS:SDTS An area which is subject to periodic flooding. FLOOD PLAIN Floodplain floodplain bottomland flood plain An area which is subject to periodic flooding. USGS:SDTS FLOOD PLAIN USGS:SDTS Floodplain NASA:earthrealm floodplain ADL:FTT bottomland ADL:FTT An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe). grassland llanos pampa plain veld prairie An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS llanos ADL:FTT pampa Getty:TGN plain ADL:FTT veld USGS:SDTS A grassland of the tropics or subtropics with scattered trees. Savanna grassland savannah savanna A grassland of the tropics or subtropics with scattered trees. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublands Savanna NASA:earthrealm grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS savannah ADL:FTT A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. grassland pampa pampas puszta steppe A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS pampas USGS:SDTS puszta USGS:SDTS A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. grazing area pasture A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasture grazing area Geonames:feature A slope which separates different physiogeographic provinces that are typically composed of rocks of different age and compositoin. escarpment scarp cliff cuesta escarpment A slope which separates different physiogeographic provinces that are typically composed of rocks of different age and compositoin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment escarpment Geonames:feature cliff USGS:SDTS cuesta ADL:FTT cuesta Geonames:feature cuesta Getty:TGN A long and narrow elevation with steep sides. RIDGE Ridge beach cusp beach ridge icecap ridge rise (seafloor) arete crest cuesta hogback ridge spur spur (physiographic) ridge A long and narrow elevation with steep sides. USGS:SDTS RIDGE USGS:SDTS Ridge NASA:earthrealm beach cusp USGS:SDTS beach ridge ADL:FTT beach ridge USGS:SDTS icecap ridge ADL:FTT rise (seafloor) ADL:FTT arete ADL:FTT arete USGS:SDTS crest USGS:SDTS cuesta ADL:FTT cuesta USGS:SDTS hogback ADL:FTT ridge Geonames:feature spur Getty:TGN spur (physiographic) ADL:FTT An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. plateau butte butte An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. ADL:FTT plateau USGS:SDTS butte Geonames:feature An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody. Basin CATCHMENT Catchment Watershed catchment drainage basin watershed drainage basin An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin Basin NASA:earthrealm CATCHMENT USGS:SDTS Catchment NASA:earthrealm Watershed NASA:earthrealm catchment ADL:FTT catchment USGS:SDTS drainage basin Geonames:feature watershed ADL:FTT A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. paddy field A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_paddy Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. scrubland bush chaparal area heath scrub shrubland scrubland area Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. ADL:FTT scrubland Geonames:feature bush ADL:FTT bush Getty:TGN chaparal area ADL:FTT heath ADL:FTT scrub USGS:SDTS shrubland ADL:FTT shrubland USGS:SDTS The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. coast line coastal area coastline sea coast The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. USGS:SDTS coastal area USGS:SDTS coastline USGS:SDTS That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines. coastal zone SHORE shore shoreface beach face foreshore inshore rivage seashore strand shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines. USGS:SDTS coastal zone ADL:FTT SHORE USGS:SDTS shore Geonames:feature shoreface USGS:SDTS beach face USGS:SDTS foreshore USGS:SDTS inshore USGS:SDTS rivage USGS:SDTS seashore USGS:SDTS strand USGS:SDTS A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. barrier basin depression non tidal basin pan pan (geologic) pans tidal basin depression A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_%28geology%29 barrier basin USGS:SDTS depression Geonames:feature non tidal basin USGS:SDTS pan Geonames:feature pan Getty:TGN pan (geologic) ADL:FTT pans Geonames:feature tidal basin USGS:SDTS A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur. basin kettle hole kettle A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_%28geology%29 basin USGS:SDTS The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. outwash plain sandur The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandur A zone beneath the land surface and above the level of permanent groundwater or phreatic zone in which water has a hydraulic head less than atmospheric pressure and is retained by a combination of adhesion and capillary action. unsaturated zone vadose zone A zone beneath the land surface and above the level of permanent groundwater or phreatic zone in which water has a hydraulic head less than atmospheric pressure and is retained by a combination of adhesion and capillary action. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadose_zone unsaturated zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadose_zone A compound astronomical body part which is located beneath the land surface and in which all interstices are filled with water that has a hydraulic head greater than atmospheric pressure due to the weight of overlying groundwater. zone of saturation phreatic zone A compound astronomical body part which is located beneath the land surface and in which all interstices are filled with water that has a hydraulic head greater than atmospheric pressure due to the weight of overlying groundwater. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone zone of saturation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth. piece of rock An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth. MA:ma A piece of rock that is two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 75 millimeters (about 3 inches). piece of gravel A piece of rock that is two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 75 millimeters (about 3 inches). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel A lake purposefully constructed. artificial lake A lake purposefully constructed. MA:ma A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. sound A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_%28geography%29 The physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. channel of a watercourse The physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_%28geography%29 lake channel coastal dune An island that lies in a river. ait eyot fluvial island river island An island that lies in a river. MA:ma fluvial island Getty:TGN An island that lies in a lake. lake island An island that lies in a lake. MA:ma 2 A biome is an ecosystem to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations. major habitat type EcosytemType biome A biome is an ecosystem to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome major habitat type WWF:Biome EcosytemType NASA:earthrealm A terrace associated with a kame. kame terrace A terrace associated with a kame. MA:ma A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass. terrestrial realm terrestrial biome A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome#Terrestrial_biomes An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body. marine realm marine biome An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. irrigation reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. irrigation dam A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. anse arm firth ria inlet An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet anse USGS:SDTS arm USGS:SDTS firth USGS:SDTS ria USGS:SDTS An opening of a lake into its shore. lake inlet An opening of a lake into its shore. USGS:SDTS A mountain or a hill. MOUNT cerrito cerro dome hill hillock hummock inselberg knob knoll koppje monadnock mountain rise mount A mountain or a hill. USGS:SDTS MOUNT USGS:SDTS cerrito USGS:SDTS cerro ADL:FTT cerro USGS:SDTS dome USGS:SDTS hill USGS:SDTS hillock USGS:SDTS hummock Getty:TGN hummock USGS:SDTS inselberg USGS:SDTS knob USGS:SDTS knoll USGS:SDTS koppje USGS:SDTS monadnock USGS:SDTS mountain ADL:FTT rise USGS:SDTS The summit of a mount. PEAK peak peaks ahu ice peak mountain crest mountain summit nunatak summit peak The summit of a mount. USGS:SDTS PEAK USGS:SDTS peak Geonames:feature peaks Geonames:feature ahu ADL:FTT ice peak USGS:SDTS mountain crest ADL:FTT mountain summit ADL:FTT nunatak ADL:FTT summit ADL:FTT summit USGS:SDTS That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone. shore sea shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone. MA:ma The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. BOTTOM submerged bed The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. USGS:SDTS BOTTOM USGS:SDTS A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. TERRACE bench ledge rock terrace terrace bench bench (natural) terrace A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. USGS:SDTS TERRACE USGS:SDTS bench Geonames:feature ledge ADL:FTT rock terrace USGS:SDTS terrace Geonames:feature bench Getty:TGN bench USGS:SDTS bench (natural) ADL:FTT A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by explosive action. CRATER crater A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by explosive action. Geonames:feature CRATER USGS:SDTS agricultural terrace A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys. plain interfluve interfluve A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys. Geonames:feature plain ADL:FTT interfluve Geonames:feature A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series. beach ridge beach ridge A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series. Geonames:feature beach ridge Geonames:feature An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. mount ridge kame An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. pebble beach shingle beach A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingle_beach An aquatic biome which is determined by a body of freshwater. freshwater realm freshwater biome An aquatic biome which is determined by a body of freshwater. MA:ma A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. rock A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology) Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. regolith soil Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil A significant accumulation of water which is part of a marine biome. body of marine water marine waterbody marine water body A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. flank side slope A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. MA:ma Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. waste water Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. air The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. water liquid water An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. MA:ma Sediment is an environmental substance comprised of any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bedor bottom of a body of water or other liquid. sediment Sediment is an environmental substance comprised of any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bedor bottom of a body of water or other liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere. dust Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts. salt water saline water Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride. freshwater sweet water fresh water An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta. volcanic rock An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. sedimentary rock A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, sewage Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water. aquatic biome obsolete ground water true Water that is found on the surface of an astronomical object. surface water Water that is found on the surface of an astronomical object. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water wastewater treatment plant The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes. sludge The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. anoxic sediment anaerobic sediment Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite. limestone A sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone A soft, white, porous limestone. chalk A soft, white, porous limestone. MA:ma A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. sandstone A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone Sediment which has increased levels of one or more chemical compounds. chemically enriched sediment stream sediment anaerobic sludge Mud which has no or neglible concentrations of dissolved oxygen. anoxic mud anaerobic mud anaerobic stream sediment beach sand A clastic rock with a particle size of 4 to 64 millimeters based on the Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology. pebble A clastic rock with a particle size of 4 to 64 millimeters based on the Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble A rock or rock fragment with a particle size between 64 and 256 mm. cobble A rock or rock fragment with a particle size between 64 and 256 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobble Water which has physicochemical properties that have been determined by the processes occuring in a sea or ocean. ocean water seawater sea water Coastal sea water is sea water that is adjacent to a coast. coastal water coastal ocean water coastal oceanic water coastal seawater coastal sea water The aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. compost The aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost polluted water contaminated water sandy beach Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of organic compounds. organically enriched sediment Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of inorganic compounds. inorganically enriched sediment A channel which is constructed by removing materials from land or submerged beds. borehole Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands. psamment sandy soil arenosol Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf sandy soil ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates. andosol Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates. Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays. acrisol Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. cambisol Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter. black earth boroll chernozem Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. kastanozem Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands. histosol Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. gley soil gleysol Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. gypsisol Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides. oxisol ferralsol Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. nitisol Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths. luvisol Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths. http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. phaeozem Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates. solonchak Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. vertisol A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5). solonetz Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5). FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain. regosol Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics. podsol podosolic soil podzol Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics. http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf A soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively). loam A soil composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loam A portion of soil which is found in a forested area. forest soil A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process). waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. industrial waste industrial waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1340 WWTP waste treatment plant Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits. fluvisol Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf animal waste animal waste material Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. hay Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. sugarcane bagasse bagasse The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse organic waste organic waste material A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2 micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water. clay A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2 micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. silage A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silage animal manure grass silage A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. manufactured good manufactured product A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity. enriched soil horse manure An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. industrial building An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. straw An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw rye grass silage chalk soil A portion of soil which is found in a savanna. savanna soil Soil which is derived from compost. compost soil Soil which has little to no water content and in which minerals and other soluble chemical entities have either bonded or become adsorbed to sold particles due to insufficient water availability. dry soil A portion of soil which is part of a cropland or a rangeland biome. farm soil A portion of soil which is found in a grassland. grassland soil field soil meadow soil Compost soil which is frozen. frozen compost soil Soil which has, as a part, a portion of either fresh or processed animal manure. manured soil Soil which is composed of a large proportion of mud, thus having properties resembling mud. muddy soil Soil which is found in a pasture and in which vegetation, such as the grass used for the grazing of ungulates, grows. pasture soil peat peat soil peat ENVO:cjm A portion of soil which is found in a steppe. steppe soil upland soil Water which has physicochemical properties determined by processes which occur beneath the planetary crust. subterranean water underground water Mud which is part of a marine ecosystem. marine mud Sand which is part of a desert. desert sand A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. environmental portion of environmental material environmental material A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 MA:ma ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/niches.html A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. surface layer A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surface Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. aerosol Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. aquifer An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. anthropogenic environmental material Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. MA:ma agricultural environmental material A liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay. mud A liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. silt Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. sand A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand Gravel is an environmental material which is composed of pieces of rock that are at least two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension and no more than 75 millimeters. gravel Gravel is an environmental material which is composed of pieces of rock that are at least two millimeters (2mm) in its largest dimension and no more than 75 millimeters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. marine pelagic biome The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. neritic pelagic zone biome The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. oceanic pelagic zone biome The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. oceanic sea surface microlayer biome The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_microlayer The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. neritic sea surface microlayer biome The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_microlayer A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. marine pelagic feature A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ocean biome A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean Particulate material is an environmental material which is composed of microscopic portions of solid or liquid material suspended in another environmental material. particulate matter marine reef Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. biomass organic material Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs. shrubland biome A desert biome is a terrestrial biome which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation and includes communities adapted to these conditions. desert biome A terrestrial biome which comprises a tundra ecosystem that has reached its climax community. tundra biome An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. environmental condition An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. tropical A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical A subtropical condition is an environmental condition in which an envrionmental system receives more solar irradiance than those with temperate conditions, but less than those with tropical conditions. At low elevations, this typically results in eight months of the year having average temperatures greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius with the coldest monthly temperature averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius. subtropical A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. montane shrubland biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. anthrome human biome anthropogenic terrestrial biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150128/ An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration. arid A coastal scrubland is a scrubland which is part of a coast. coastal chaparral coastal scrubland A coastal scrubland is a scrubland which is part of a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_coastal_sage_and_chaparral_ecoregion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_sage_scrub coastal chaparral https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_chaparral_and_woodlands A scrubland which is located in a desert. desert scrub desert scrubland A scrubland which is located in a desert. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 desert scrub ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 A cropland ecosystem in which dominant ecological communities are maintained in a stable state - mimicking a climax community - by human intervention. cropland biome A cropland ecosystem in which dominant ecological communities are maintained in a stable state - mimicking a climax community - by human intervention. A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. village biome A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. rangeland biome A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. dense settlement biome A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. environment environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. mineral material A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. aqueous vapor aqueous vapour water vapor water vapour Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapour https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. atmosphere An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric water vapor atmospheric water vapour Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor atmospheric water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. clastic sedimentary rock Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock#Clastic_sedimentary_rocks A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. ecoregion A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. DOI:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 URL:http://worldwildlife.org/biomes Ice which is formed from water. ice water ice Ice which is formed from water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4131 Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. ecozone Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecozone A layer is a quantity of some material which is spatially continuous, has comparable thickness, and usually covers some surface. layer A layer is a quantity of some material which is spatially continuous, has comparable thickness, and usually covers some surface. Wiktionary:layer A layer which is part of a lake. lake layer A mass of water ice. accumulation of ice ice accumulation ice mass A layer that is part of a marine water body. marine layer A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A river where fresh water flows. freshwater river A river where fresh water flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock. endolithic environment A high temperature environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to increased levels of heat radiation or which have molecules or atoms moving randomly with increased levels of average kinietic energy. high temperature environment An aquatic environment which is determined by freshwater. fresh water environment freshwater environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water. saline water environment An environment which has a lower temperature than some local or global average. cold environment An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. anthropogenic environment A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes. high osmolarity environment An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water. aquatic environment A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock. rocky slope A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. marine environment A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. NM:nm An environmental system determined by seawater. ocean water environment sea water environment The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence). planetary boundary layer atmospheric boundary layer A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. planetary surface A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water. aquatic layer A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape. dome swamp A gravelly slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of gravel. gravelly slope A hillside is a slope that is part of a hill. brae hillside A talus slope is a slope which has a surface layer composed of scree. scree slope talus slope An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. alpine An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. montane An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. altitudinal condition An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An unbroken expanse (as of ice) field An unbroken expanse (as of ice) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/field A layer which is determined by a form of vegetation. forest layer forest stratum woodland layer woodland stratum vegetation layer An tundra climatic condition is a polar condition in which at least one month's average temperature exceeds 0 degrees Celsius. tundra climatic condition An tundra climatic condition is a polar condition in which at least one month's average temperature exceeds 0 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate Biological waste is waste containing mostly natural organic materials (remains of plants, animal excrement, biological sludge from waste-water treatment plants and so forth). biological waste biological waste material Biological waste is waste containing mostly natural organic materials (remains of plants, animal excrement, biological sludge from waste-water treatment plants and so forth). ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=3097 A tropical marine condition is a tropical condition in which the ocean strongly influences the climate and a wet and dry season occur. tropical marine condition A tropical marine condition is a tropical condition in which the ocean strongly influences the climate and a wet and dry season occur. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season. semi-evergreen forest mesophytic ecosystem tropical marine semi-evergreen forest A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate mesophytic ecosystem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate tropical mangrove forest tropical mangrove Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. snow Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7769 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein. environmental area environmental zone A building part is a construction which is part of a building. building part montane forest Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an environmental material composed of carbon dioxide in its gaseous form present in an atmosphere. atmospheric carbon dioxide A boundary wall is a constructed barrier which is usually opaque, constructed from masonry, and of greater structural strength than a fence. defensive wall boundary wall A boundary wall is a constructed barrier which is usually opaque, constructed from masonry, and of greater structural strength than a fence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall#Boundary_wall A constructed barrier is a freestanding wall, berm, or fence built to limit movement of entities across a boundary. barrier constructed barrier A constructed barrier is a freestanding wall, berm, or fence built to limit movement of entities across a boundary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_barrier A fence is a constructed barrier which is generally of lighter construction than a wall and used to provide visual sectioning of spaces. fence A fence is a constructed barrier which is generally of lighter construction than a wall and used to provide visual sectioning of spaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fence Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent. glass Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass Silica-based glass is a glass composed primarily of silicon dioxide, the primary constituent of sand. glass silica-based glass A layer that is part of the atmosphere. atmospheric layering atmospheric layer atmospheric layering GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/627 A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. boundary layer boundary layer A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_layer boundary layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/976 mass of biological material A gas that is primarily composed of hydrocarbon molecules. hydrocarbon gas Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen. charcoal Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow. lentic water body A lotic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, is flowing. lotic water body Vaporisation of an element or compound is process whereby that element or compound undergoes a phase transition from the liquid to vapor. vaporization vaporisation Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. condensation hydrological condensation process Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation A volcanic eruption is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. volcanic eruption A volcanic eruption is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions A landmass which is part of a planet. land ground planetary landmass A landmass which is part of a planet. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. space outer space Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. crust planetary crust A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition. planetary structural layer A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. mantle planetary mantle A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology) A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. lithosphere A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. magma Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and narrow compared to its length (as opposed to a simple hole). trench A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and narrow compared to its length (as opposed to a simple hole). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench stream channel river channel A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further. waste role A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. fracture fissure geological fracture A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_(geology) fissure Genomes:fissure Contaminated air is air which has sufficient concentrations of environmental pollutants such that it may adversely affect a given ecosystem. contaminated air A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it. polluted lake A mass of water. water mass A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. coast A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. precipitation hydrological precipitation process Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Hydrological evaporation is the evaporation of water, generally as part of a planetary water cycle. hydrological evaporation Soil degradation is a process which results in a change in soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem in which the soil occurs to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. soil degradation Soil degradation is a process which results in a change in soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem in which the soil occurs to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. FAO:http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/en/ Soil erosion is a process in which exogenic processes remove soil from one location on the Earth's crust and transport it to another location where it is deposited. soil erosion An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. flood An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3298 Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. condensation process Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. deposition desublimation process Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition) An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. habitat An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EnvO:EnvO A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. land consumption process A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. Adapted from EEA (1997) The concept of environmental space, Copenhagen, URL: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9167-078-2/at_download/file A lithified mass of rock that lies under the loose softer material (regolith) at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planet. bedrock A lithified mass of rock that lies under the loose softer material (regolith) at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrock An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. area of barren land An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous or aerosolised material held in shape by one or more environmental processes. aeroform Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC) primary forest Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC) http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/6622 An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements. rural area An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements. http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/am085e/am085e.pdf A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. fire A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/3212 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire A conflagration which is uncontrolled and combusts material in a vegetated area, be it rural or wild. wildland fire wildfire A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property. blaze large fire conflagration A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflagration A portion of gas which is emitted by a fire or other exothermic reaction, is of increased temperature, and typically emits light in the visible range. flame A portion of gas which is emitted by a fire or other exothermic reaction, is of increased temperature, and typically emits light in the visible range. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame A flame which is produced by the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel. hydrocarbon flame A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. wind mass gaseous flow A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. atmospheric wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. gas gaseous environmental material A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gas A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. plasma A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plasma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29 An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. celestial body astronomical body An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. planet A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. star An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. celestial object astronomical object An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A material part of an astronomical body. astronomical body part An environmental material which is in a solid state. solid environmental material An environmental material which is in a liquid state. liquid environmental material A biosphere is a part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. biosphere A biosphere is a part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form. cryosphere A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. pedosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedosphere Air which has increased levels of water vapour. humid air Air which has a partial pressure of water vapour equal or near equal to its equilibrium vapor pressure at a given temperature. water-vapour-saturated air wet air water vapour saturated air A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. rain fall rainfall rain water-based rainfall A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. drop droplet A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. A droplet formed by condensation of vapour in an atmosphere and which is sufficiently massive to overcome atmospheric resistance and fall to a planetary surface due to gravity. raindrop A droplet of water water droplet smoke Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. combustion process Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion A chemical decomposition (the separation of a single chemical compound into its two or more elemental parts or to simpler compounds) caused by heat. thermal decomposition thermolysis A thermolysis process in which organic material is decomposed in the absence of oxygen. pyrolysis A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. crystal A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice. ice crystal water ice crystal A vegetated area which includes a community of flowering plants that provide food for local pollinators. flower strip A vegetated area which includes a community of flowering plants that provide food for local pollinators. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12605 Marl is a mass of calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells and mixed with silt and clay. marl Marl is a mass of calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells and mixed with silt and clay. http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Management/pdfs/a3671.pdf An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. area of shrub area of scrub An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. precipitation process A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_%28chemistry%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. area of developed open space An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. area of gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to a planetary surface. snow fall snowfall Rainfall which occurs when the temperature of a planetary surface and its surrounding atmosphere are below the freezing point of water, resulting in supercooled raindrops which freeze upon impact with solid surfaces. freezing rain freezing rain fall freezing rainfall Rainfall which occurs when the temperature of a planetary surface and its surrounding atmosphere are below the freezing point of water, resulting in supercooled raindrops which freeze upon impact with solid surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing_rain Regions of a planet which are not exposed to the planet's atmosphere or space, often comprising parts of one or more planetary structural layers. planetary subsurface zone 2 An envirommental system which bridges two or more biomes and which includes ecological communities which blend these biomes' phylogenetic and phenotypic compositions. ecotone An envirommental system which bridges two or more biomes and which includes ecological communities which blend these biomes' phylogenetic and phenotypic compositions. ISBN:978-0-03-058414-5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotone https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/501 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecotone An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. natural environment An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. anthropization anthropisation A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization An ecotone which overlaps at least one biome which supports the growth and persistence of trees and at least one that does not. Before ceasing altogether, tree growth becomes sparse and trees appear stunted as conditions become less favourable along this ecotone. tree line tree-line treeline tree line ecotone An ecotone which overlaps at least one biome which supports the growth and persistence of trees and at least one that does not. Before ceasing altogether, tree growth becomes sparse and trees appear stunted as conditions become less favourable along this ecotone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. rocky planet telluric planet Earth-like planet terrestrial planet A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. mass liquid flow A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A process during which a volume of water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. water flow process A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. technosphere A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743 http://www.yourdictionary.com/technosphere https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161130085021.htm A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. manufacturing process A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures. human-directed construction process An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. environmental system determined by a quality An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties. environmental system determined by a material An environmental system which is determined by a living organism. host-associated environment environmental system determined by an organism An environmental system determined by a green plant. plant environment Viridiplantae-associated environment plant-associated environment An environmental system determined by an animal. animal environment Metazoan-associated environment animal-associated environment Underground water which is located in pore spaces found in rock or unconsolidated deposits such as soil, clay, or gravel. ground water groundwater Underground water which is located in pore spaces found in rock or unconsolidated deposits such as soil, clay, or gravel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. meteor A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A meteor which is primarily composed of water. hydrometeor A meteor which is primarily composed of water. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A meteor which is primarily composed of rock. lithometeor A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity. natural lake A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. radiation A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. EM radiation electromagnetic radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts. saline environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. soil environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by the subsurface zone of a planet. planetary subsurface environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by those parts of a planetary subsurface zone which are not saline. non-saline planetary subsurface environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment. sediment environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol. aerosol environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol. saline aerosol environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes. non-saline aerosol environment An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant. environment associated with a plant part or small plant A lake contained within a crater. crater lake A lake contained within a crater. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. meteoroid An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. metal metallic material A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. particle formation particulate matter formation process A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. atmospheric aerosol formation atmospheric aerosol formation An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of solid particles in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of liquid droplets in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. liquid aerosol aerosolised liquids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. solid aerosol aerosolised solids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a liquid aerosol formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of liquid droplets from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. tectonic plate A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates 2 A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. tectonic plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. ecosystem An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes. manure storage manure storage space A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities. bovine dairy liquid manure Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities. http://manuremanagement.ucdavis.edu/files/134369.pdf http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 A product which is composed primarily of animal manure that has been heat treated and packaged as a product for commercial or consumer use. animal manure product A product which is composed primarily of animal manure that has been heat treated and packaged as a product for commercial or consumer use. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. gas planet A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure. ice https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/900 A terrestrial planet which has a surface dominated by hot deserts. dry planet desert planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. aquaplanet panthalassic planet water world ocean planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. cryoplanet ice planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. dry ice carbon dioxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon monoxide. carbon monoxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon monoxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. helium planet A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. volatile volatile astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. gas astrogeological gas An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. geodiversity A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodiversity A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. ecosystem management Umweltmaßnahme environmental management active ecosystem management process A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Umweltmaßnahme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-2832 www.awi.de/internas An environment which has its properties and composition largely determined by the presence of a metazoan which lacks a vetebral column and which has a habitat that is found in an aquatic environmental system. environment associated with an aquatic invertebrate The surface layer of a volume of water. surface of a body of water water body surface water surface The surface layer of a mass of sediment. surface of a sedimentary mass surface sediment sediment surface An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. terrestrial environmental zone A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities. anthropised terrestrial environmental zone An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a marine environment. marine environmental zone A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. lithification A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithification An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. GRASSLAND grassland Grassland down downland downs glade grazing area herbaceous area grassland ecosystem An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland GRASSLAND USGS:SDTS grassland Geonames:feature Grassland NASA:earthrealm down USGS:SDTS downland USGS:SDTS downs USGS:SDTS glade ADL:FTT glade USGS:SDTS grazing area ADL:FTT grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS An area of land used for the herding and grazing of livestock. ranch ranch An area of land used for the herding and grazing of livestock. USGS:SDTS ranch Geonames:feature ranch USGS:SDTS A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. WETLAND Wetland EstuarineWetland LacustrineWetland MarineWetland PalustrineWetland RiparianWetland TerrestialWetland back marsh backswamp backwater barrier flat blanket bog bog cienaga dismal everglade floating marsh forested wetland marsh mire mud flat peat cutting area peatland quagmire quaking bog riparian area slash slough slue swamp forest tulelands moor morass muskeg wetland ecosystem A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND USGS:SDTS Wetland NASA:earthrealm EstuarineWetland NASA:earthrealm LacustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm MarineWetland NASA:earthrealm PalustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm RiparianWetland NASA:earthrealm TerrestialWetland NASA:earthrealm back marsh USGS:SDTS backswamp USGS:SDTS backwater ADL:FTT barrier flat USGS:SDTS blanket bog USGS:SDTS bog ADL:FTT bog Getty:TGN cienaga ADL:FTT dismal USGS:SDTS everglade USGS:SDTS floating marsh USGS:SDTS forested wetland ADL:FTT marsh ADL:FTT mire ADL:FTT mire USGS:SDTS mud flat ADL:FTT peat cutting area ADL:FTT peatland ADL:FTT quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS quaking bog USGS:SDTS riparian area ADL:FTT slash USGS:SDTS slough ADL:FTT slough Getty:TGN slough USGS:SDTS slue ADL:FTT swamp forest USGS:SDTS tulelands USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. solar radiation stellar radiation An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance solar radiation NCIT:C44445 A natural environment which is located on a land mass. terrestrial natural environment A natural environment which is within a water body. aquatic natural environment forest canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_%28biology%29 An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. forest ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap862e/ap862e00.pdf https://www1.usgs.gov/csas/nvcs/nvcsGetUnitDetails?elementGlobalId=860217 An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. cropland ecosystem An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. agriculture agricultural process A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 A layer which is primarily composed of some liquid material. liquid layer A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid. solid layer A solid layer which is primarily composed of some water-based ice. water ice layer A fire which occurs in an industrial area or building. industrial fire A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested the bush bush area A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bush#h1 An environmental zone which is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric area atmospheric zone An oasis is a vegetated area located in a desert, supplied with water from a water source which it surrounds, and surrounded by arid soil, sand, or rock. cienaga oasis A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities. vegetated area A geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water held in shape or sustained by an environmental process. hydroform A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air. liquid air-water interface layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid. liquid surface layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of solid environmental material. solid surface layer A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. saline body of water saline water body A body of water which is primarily composed of freshwater, with low solute content. fresh body of water freshwater body fresh water body A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. advective transport advective transport process A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advection https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. desert A direction which inheres in an atmospheric wind, typically expressed as the inverse of the direction the wind is moving in. atmospheric wind direction A direction which inheres in an atmospheric wind, typically expressed as the inverse of the direction the wind is moving in. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_direction The speed of an atmospheric wind. flow velocity of wind speed of wind wind flow velocity wind speed speed of atmospheric wind atmospheric wind speed The speed of an atmospheric wind. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed The volume of water which has fallen during a precipitation process. Niederschlagsmenge precipitation amount precipitation precipitation level precipitation quantity volume of hydrological precipitation The volume of water which has fallen during a precipitation process. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederschlag#Niederschlagsmenge A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. new particle formation process aerosolised particle formation process A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. primary aerosol formation primary aerosol formation process A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An ecosystem which 1) typically has monthly average temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius 2) has a low evapotranspiration ratio 3) is dominated by treeless terrain, covered by communities of low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens, 4) contains areas of soil underlain by permafrost with a thin active layer and 5) occurs in both polar and alpine regions (i.e., both high latitudes and high altitudes), and 5) does not have permanent snow or ice cover. tundra ecosystem An ecosystem which 1) typically has monthly average temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius 2) has a low evapotranspiration ratio 3) is dominated by treeless terrain, covered by communities of low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens, 4) contains areas of soil underlain by permafrost with a thin active layer and 5) occurs in both polar and alpine regions (i.e., both high latitudes and high altitudes), and 5) does not have permanent snow or ice cover. This definition is a synthesis of the following sources: NSIDC Glossary accessed 2016, IPCC WGII AR5 2014, Van Everdingen International Permafrost Association 2005, AMS - glossary of meteorology, PhysicalGeography.net A soil which has high mineral content and which contain no calcareous material, have less than 10% weatherable minerals its surface layer, and have less than 35% base saturation throughout its volume. red clay soil ultisol A soil which has high mineral content and which contain no calcareous material, have less than 10% weatherable minerals its surface layer, and have less than 35% base saturation throughout its volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultisol An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. land conversion land development land conversion process An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. agricultural land conversion agricultural land conversion process A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. land use process An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use A process during which an ecosystem - natural or anthropised - is changed by the actions of humans. anthropogenic ecosystem conversion process A planned process during which humans access and obtain resources, benefits, or services from a natural or anthropised ecosystem. planned environmental usage process A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. usage of an environment for industry A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4279 body of liquid A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. liquid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. gaseous astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid or gaseous material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. fluid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid or gaseous material, shaped by one or more environmental processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform A surface layer where the solid or liquid material of an astronomical body comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. surface of an astronomical body An elevation which is flattened across its highest surface. flattened elevation An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. anthropogenic radiation artificial radiation radiation from a manufactured product An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. congelation congelation process material congelation process A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation Land which is below the freezing point of water. frozen ground frozen land Land which is below the freezing point of water. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Soil which is below the freezing point of water. frozen soil A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. freezing A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing A freezing process during which liquid water is transformed into water ice. freezing of water into water ice A water surface that is part of a water body. surface layer of a water body An ecoregion which is located on a landmass. terrestrial ecoregion A surface layer which is part of an ocean or sea. sea surface layer A layer which is part of a cryosphere. cryospheric layer Permafrost which contains inclusions of water-based ice. ice-bearing permafrost A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. snow accumulation process A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. snow and ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. A object which is composed primarily of water-based snow and ice. mass of ice and snow A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from liquid material in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol from liquid material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates That part of an atmosphere which is composed of gaseous material. gaseous part of an atmosphere A solid material which does not have a regularly organised internal structure. amorphous solid An aerosol that is suspended in an atmosphere. atmospheric aerosol A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol. aerosol formation process A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid or gas. fluid surface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. fluid interface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid. fluid layer A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. fluid front A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. A fluid front which is composed primarily of gaseous material and separates at least two gaseous masses. gaseous front 2 A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. meteorological front weather front A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. An object which is composed of a continuous mass of air. air mass A fluid surface layer which is composed primarily of some gaseous material. gaseous surface layer A layer which separates two portions of environmental material which possess 1) differing compositions, 2) a discontinuity of some property, or 3) some derivative of some property in a direction normal to the interface. interface layer An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material mass of environmental material An object which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material mass of solid material An object which is composed primarily of a fluid. fluid mass mass of fluid An object which is composed primarily of a gas. gaseous mass mass of gas An object which is composed primarily of a liquid. liquid mass mass of liquid 2 An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity. mass of compounded environmental materials A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. polar front A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. An environment which has a climate with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. tropical environment An environment which has a climate with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. An environment which has a climate with warm temperatures and with meagre precipitation. subtropical environment An environment which has a climate with warm temperatures and with meagre precipitation. mass fluid flow An environmental zone which includes those regions of an astronomical body which are not exposed to its atmosphere or space. subsurface zone of an astronomical body An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert. desert ecosystem A solid astronomical body part which is part of the landmass of that body. part of a landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in varying quantities. compound astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in varying quantities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. land A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. aquatic ecosystem marine ecosystem freshwater ecosystem terrestrial ecosystem An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem. ecosystem process A forest ecosystem which is subject to tropical climate conditions. tropical forest A forest ecosystem which is subject to subtropical climate conditions. subtropical forest A grassland ecosystem which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. tropical grassland A grassland which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. subtropical grassland A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine. construction A biome which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. tropical biome A biome which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. subtropical biome A biome which is subject to alpine altitudinal conditions. alpine biome A biome which is subject to montane altitudinal conditions. montane biome A biome which is subject to arid environmental conditions. arid biome A process during which one entity loses energy to another entity. energy transfer process A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases. liquid accumulation process A temperature of air at which air become saturated with water vapour and below which airborne water vapour will condense to form liquid water (dew). dew point A temperature of air at which air become saturated with water vapour and below which airborne water vapour will condense to form liquid water (dew). Electromagnetic radidation which involves radiant energy in a spectral range (wave band) between 400 to 700 nanometers, that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. photosynthetically active radiation Electromagnetic radidation which involves radiant energy in a spectral range (wave band) between 400 to 700 nanometers, that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air that is part of an atmosphere. concentration of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere A depression in the ground resembling a hole or cavity, either natural or anthropogenic. pit A depression in the ground resembling a hole or cavity, either natural or anthropogenic. A pit which is used for the collection and storage of manure. manure pit A pit which is used for the collection and storage of manure. Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast. coastal water body Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. bone meal A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_meal Food material which can be used to meet nutritional requirements of plants. plant feed Dust which is derived from mineral material. mineral dust Dust which is composed primarily of some metallic material. metallic dust Dust which is derived from clay material. clay dust dust from plant parts A liquid or a gas. fluid fluid environmental material A liquid or a gas. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/940 A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. environmental system process A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. desertification A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. flooding A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. GEMET: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3301 A process which occurs within an atmosphere. atmospheric process A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. land degradation A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. http://www.who.int/globalchange/ecosystems/desert/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_degradation forest process A process during which humans apply technology to alter the magnitude, duration, rate, or impact of an environmental process. anthropogenic modulatory intervention process An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans. anthropogenic environmental process An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. planetary erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant. hydrological process Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration Evaporation is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a portion of the surface layer of a liquid in contact with a gaseous material, which is not saturated with the evaporating substance, vaporises. evaporation Evaporation is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a portion of the surface layer of a liquid in contact with a gaseous material, which is not saturated with the evaporating substance, vaporises. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts of that plant, such as from leaves but also from stems and flowers. transpiration A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. compaction process A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaction A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. material accumulation process A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location. material transport process A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. geographic basin A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basin A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind. eolian æolian aeolian transport process A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolian_processes Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. marine sediments marine sediment Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment#_note-8 A material accumulation process during which solid particles are pulled through a water body by gravitation or centrifugal force and which ends when they settle on a solid surface. sedimentation in a water body A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials. material transformation process A desublimation process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice. desublimation of water vapour into ice A one-dimensional temporal region which is delimited by the occurrence of processes which serve as its delimiters. season A geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice. cryoform A mass of snow. accumulation of snow snow accumulation snow mass A structure which traverses a mass of one or more environmental materials, and encloses a roughly tubular site. channel A structure which traverses a mass of one or more environmental materials, and encloses a roughly tubular site. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/channel The concentration of nitrate and nitrite when measured in liquid water. liquid water nitrate and nitrite concentration concentration of nitrate and nitrite in liquid water A season during which changes in atmospheric circulation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea cause moisture to be brought inland by monsoon winds, leading to increased rainfall as moisture-laden air rises and cools over land. monsoon season A season during which changes in atmospheric circulation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea cause moisture to be brought inland by monsoon winds, leading to increased rainfall as moisture-laden air rises and cools over land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake snow crystal A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake Snow crystals and snowflakes are often noted as synonyms, however, the term "snowflake" is generally used more loosely. Some sites mention that snow crystals refer to individual crystals of ice, while the term "snowflake" can refer both to an individual crystal of ice and to a bundle of snow crystals. Please see here [https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/998#issuecomment-685649444] Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant. chemically contaminated sediment Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant. A soil horizon which is composed primarily of organic matter. soil organic layer organic surface layer organic horizon A soil horizon which is composed primarily of organic matter. A layer which is parallel to the soil surface and which has roughly homogenous physical, chemical and biological properties relative to the soil layers above or beneath it. soil horizon A layer which is parallel to the soil surface and which has roughly homogenous physical, chemical and biological properties relative to the soil layers above or beneath it. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in soil. concentration of carbon dioxide in soil The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air. concentration of carbon dioxide in air The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in freshwater. concentration of carbon dioxide in freshwater The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in seawater. concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. soil organic matter Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil. soil surface layer A material accumulation process during which atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored. carbon sequestration process A material accumulation process during which atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored. https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-carbon-sequestration?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products The temperature of some environmental material. environmental material temperature temperature of environmental material The temperature of some air. air temperature temperature of air The intensity of a atmospheric wind. intensity of atmospheric wind atmospheric wind intensity The porosity of some soil. soil porosity porosity of soil The mass density of some soil. soil mass density mass density of soil The concentration of a ammonium when measured in soil. soil ammonium concentration concentration of ammonium in soil The concentration of a nitrate when measured in soil. soil nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in soil The composition of some soil. soil composition composition of soil The structure of some soil. soil structure structure of soil The acidity of some soil. soil acidity acidity of soil The temperature of some soil. soil temperature temperature of soil The wetness of some soil. soil wetness wetness of soil The temperature of some water. water temperature temperature of water The humidity of some soil. soil humidity humidity of soil The conductivity of some soil. soil conductivity conductivity of soil The composition of some water. water composition composition of water The conductivity of some water. water conductivity conductivity of water The concentration of a nitrate when measured in groundwater. ground water nitrate concentration groundwater nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in groundwater A hydrological precipitation process with a reduced rate relative to some historical average, typically resulting in ecosystemic perturbations. drought A process which results in the formation of an island. island formation process A wastewater treatment plant that treats agriculatural wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment relates to the treatment of wastewaters produced in the course of agricultural activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified industry in many parts of the world, producing a range of wastewaters requiring a variety of treatment technologies and management practices. agricultural wastewater treatment plant A wastewater treatment plant that treats agriculatural wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment relates to the treatment of wastewaters produced in the course of agricultural activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified industry in many parts of the world, producing a range of wastewaters requiring a variety of treatment technologies and management practices. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater_treatment charcoal that is used as a soil amendment. biochar charcoal that is used as a soil amendment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochar hydrocarbon-based environmental material An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity. anatomical entity environment integumental system environment The concentration of ammonium when measured in liquid water. liquid water ammonium concentration concentration of ammonium in liquid water The concentration of dioxygen when measured in liquid water. liquid water dioxygen concentration concentration of dioxygen in liquid water The concentration of hydrogen sulfide when measured in liquid water. liquid water hydrogen sulfide concentration concentration of hydrogen sulfide in liquid water The concentration of nitrate when measured in liquid water. liquid water nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in liquid water The concentration of nitrite when measured in liquid water. liquid water nitrite concentration concentration of nitrite in liquid water The acidity of some water. water acidity acidity of water A substance, usually composed primarily of carbohydrates, fats, water and/or proteins, that can be eaten or drunk by an animal or human being for nutrition or pleasure. Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products. food product foodon product type This class includes food products which are derived from or produced by a plant. plant food product A relish, sauce, or seasoning added to food to impart a particular flavour or to complement the dish. condiment condiment food product nut food product plant seed food product A vegetable product such as leaves, flowers, seeds and roots that is rich in essential oils and aromatic principles. Used mainly a a condiment. herb and spice herb or spice spice or herb Any plant food product which, typically, is constituted by intact parts from one or more annual plants cultivated as field and garden crops in the open and under glass, and used almost exclusively for food. vegetable food product Mature ovary of a plant, with a fleshy part of the carpel that develops with the seed to attract animals for aid in dispersal. Botanically, nuts are considered fruits. botanical fruit food product Mature ovary of a plant, with a fleshy part of the carpel that develops with the seed to attract animals for aid in dispersal. Botanically, nuts are considered fruits. http://eurovoc.europa.eu/drupal/?q=request&amp;uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/1115 http://oek1.fao.org/skosmos/agrovoc/en/page/c_3119 http://www.fao.org/pollination/resources/glossary/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit A one-celled fruit (pod) usually dehiscing down both sutures, and having the seed attached along a ventral suture. (Roubik 1995) legume http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411254 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411338 legume food product A bean vegetable food product is a human or animal food product - such as a snap, shell or dry bean product - derived from the fruit pod, seed, or leaf of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae. bean food product A food product which normally exists as an ingredient to another food product, rather than eaten on its own, and is more complex than a chemical food component. food component product food product component ginger ginger food product plant seed vegetable food product soybean seed (field) food product A soybean food product is a product derived from the soybean plant. soy product soybean food product A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism. food product by organism Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience food foodstuff nourishment sustenance food material Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. animal invertebrate animal ginger ginger root A seed of a bean plant from one of several genera of the flowering plant family (Fabaceae). bean bean (whole) A multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic organism within the kingdom Animalia. animal A food product not including meat and animal tissue products (such as gelatin or animal-derived rennet). vegetarian food vegetarian food product A root of a ginger plant (Zingiber officinale) elephant ginger elephant ginger root ginger ginger root ginger root (whole) A whole ginger root or some substance made from a processed ginger root. ginger ginger root ginger root (whole or parts) A whole soybean or some substance made from a processed soybean. soybean soybean (whole or parts) A seed of a soyabean plant (Glycine max). soy bean soya bean soybean soybean (whole) A bean substance is a substance made by processing seed from a bean plant. bean substance A meal that is the by-product of the extraction of soybean oil. soya bean meal soybean meal edible seed food product soybean substance ginger root (whole, raw) A seed of a legume plant in the family Fabaceae. legume (whole) Seasoned product that contains multiple ingredients and that is used in limited amounts to accompany other foods; excludes flavors, spices and herbs. dressing, condiment, gravy or sauce (us cfr) Aromatic or pungent plant product used whole or ground as a seasoning in food products. spice or herb (us cfr) Any form of whole or milled grain, prepared grain product or starch containing product derived from non-grain sources. [FDA CFSAN 1995] grain or starch product (us cfr) Product that imparts or helps to impart a taste or aroma in food (21 CFR.170.3(n)(26). [FDA CFSAN 1995] flavoring or seasoning (us cfr) Food product prepared by milling a grain or by producing flour, meal or grits from a non-grain source such as beans, starchy roots or tubers. Refined starch is indexed under *REFINED OR PARTIALLY REFINED FOOD PRODUCT*. milled grain or starch product (us cfr) Vegetables in all forms except where a use-related product type descriptior (such as *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT* or *SNACK FOOD*) takes precedence. vegetable or vegetable product (us cfr) Food product that is usually pungent, tart, salty, or spicy and is used to enhance the flavors of other foods; includes catsup, relish, prepared mustard, prepared horseradish, and condiment sauces. condiment or relish (us cfr) Fruits and vegetables in all forms. [FDA CFSAN 1995] fruit or vegetable product (us cfr) Nuts in all forms, including nut butters and pastes. nut or nut product (us cfr) Food group having common consumption, functional or manufacturing characteristics, e.g. *FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY PRODUCT*, *CONFECTIONARY*, *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT*, etc. [FDA CFSAN 1995] USA agency food product type nut or seed product (us cfr) A food product type is a class of food products that is differentiated by its food composition, processing and/or consumption characteristics. This does not include brand name products but it may include generic food dish categories. An agency food product type is a class of food product defined by an agency or consortium. agency food product type food product type Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL. U.S. code of federal regulations, title 21 food product type plant used for producing extract or concentrate oil-producing plant chemical food product grain or seed-producing plant protein-producing plant vegetable-producing plant, above-ground parts A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family *Fabaceae* (or *Leguminosae*). Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for their grain seed called pulse, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Well-known legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils, lupin bean, mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts and tamarind. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume] pod or seed vegetable plant edible seed producing plant nut producing plant A vertebrate animal is any species of organism within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. animal vertebrate animal This is a hierarchy of organisms, grouped minimally in a combination of taxonomy and consumer-oriented food groups. food product organismal source A bean plant is one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which has seed pods, seeds, and/or leaf material used for human or animal food. bean plant vegetable-producing plant nut or edible seed producing plant food additive plant used for dietary supplements Anatomical part of the plant or animal from which a food product or its major ingredient is derived. part of organism seed part plant seed or nut food product A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. molecular process molecular function molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. GOC:pdt Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. enzyme activity catalytic activity Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. GOC:vw ISBN:0198506732 enzyme activity GOC:dph GOC:tb receptor activity Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. receptor binding receptor ligand receptor-associated protein activity signaling receptor binding Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. GOC:bf GOC:ceb ISBN:0198506732 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. GOC:bf GOC:ceb ISBN:0198506732 The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. ligand binding The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ceb GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 Binding to a protein. Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). protein amino acid binding glycoprotein binding protein binding Binding to a protein. GOC:go_curators Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). GOC:go_curators Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. cell communication Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:mah The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. signal transduction by cis-phosphorylation signal transduction by conformational transition signal transduction by protein phosphorylation signal transduction by trans-phosphorylation signaling cascade signalling cascade signaling pathway signalling pathway signal transduction The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 signalling pathway GOC:mah Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme. metalloenzyme activator activity enzyme activator activity Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. biological process physiological process single organism process single-organism process biological_process A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. regulation of signaling pathway regulation of signalling pathway regulation of signal transduction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. up regulation of signal transduction up-regulation of signal transduction upregulation of signal transduction activation of signal transduction stimulation of signal transduction positive regulation of signaling pathway positive regulation of signalling pathway positive regulation of signal transduction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm positive regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. cell physiology cellular physiological process cell growth and/or maintenance single-organism cellular process cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity. regulation of receptor activity regulation of signalling receptor activity regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. regulation of cell communication Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. positive regulation of cell communication Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb true Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. phosphokinase activity kinase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. transferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. regulation of signaling process regulation of signalling process regulation of signaling Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal regulation of signaling process GOC:bf regulation of signalling process GOC:mah The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. biological signaling signaling process signalling signalling process single organism signaling signaling The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. GOC:mtg_signal GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 GOC:signaling signalling process GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. positive regulation of signalling process positive regulation of signaling process positive regulation of signaling Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal positive regulation of signalling process GOC:mah positive regulation of signaling process GOC:bf Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme. catalytic regulator activity enzyme modulator metalloenzyme regulator activity enzyme regulator activity Binds to and modulates the activity of an enzyme. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb catalytic regulator activity GOC:dph Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor. The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed. receptor regulator activity receptor regulator activity signaling receptor regulator activity Binds to and modulates the activity of a receptor. GOC:ceb The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed. GOC:ceb The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. receptor activator activity signalling receptor activator activity signaling receptor activator activity The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. GOC:ceb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. up regulation of protein binding up-regulation of protein binding upregulation of protein binding activation of protein binding stimulation of protein binding positive regulation of protein binding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. GOC:mah Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. receptor activity receptor activity involved in signal transduction signalling receptor activity signaling receptor activity Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. GOC:bf GOC:signaling receptor activity involved in signal transduction GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. positive regulation of enzyme activity up regulation of enzyme activity up-regulation of enzyme activity upregulation of enzyme activity activation of enzyme activity activation of metalloenzyme activity positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity stimulation of enzyme activity stimulation of metalloenzyme activity up regulation of metalloenzyme activity up-regulation of metalloenzyme activity upregulation of metalloenzyme activity positive regulation of catalytic activity Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ebc GOC:jl GOC:tb GOC:vw positive regulation of enzyme activity GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. regulation of protein binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. positive regulation of molecular function Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GO:jl The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands). receptor agonist activity signaling molecule signaling receptor ligand activity vitamin D receptor activator activity receptor ligand activity The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands). GOC:kv GOC:molecular_function_refactoring GOC:pdt receptor agonist activity GOC:molecular_function_refactoring Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. positive regulation of physiological process up regulation of biological process up-regulation of biological process upregulation of biological process activation of biological process stimulation of biological process positive regulation of biological process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:jid Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. positive regulation of cellular physiological process up regulation of cellular process up-regulation of cellular process upregulation of cellular process activation of cellular process stimulation of cellular process positive regulation of cellular process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:jid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. regulation of response to stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. up regulation of response to stimulus up-regulation of response to stimulus upregulation of response to stimulus activation of response to stimulus stimulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of response to stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. regulation of physiological process regulation of biological process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:ai GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. regulation of enzyme activity regulation of metalloenzyme activity regulation of catalytic activity Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ai GOC:ebc GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. regulation of cellular physiological process regulation of cellular process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. physiological response to stimulus response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GOC:ai GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. regulation of binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. up regulation of binding up-regulation of binding upregulation of binding activation of binding stimulation of binding positive regulation of binding Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. transferase regulator regulation of transferase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. transferase activator up regulation of transferase activity up-regulation of transferase activity upregulation of transferase activity activation of transferase activity stimulation of transferase activity positive regulation of transferase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. GOC:ai Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. cellular response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. GOC:bf GOC:jl A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. molecular transducer activity A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. GOC:dos GOC:pdt Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. regulation biological regulation Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. regulation of a molecular function regulation of molecular function Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GOC:isa_complete A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition. A molecular function that modulates the activity of a gene product or complex. Examples include enzyme regulators and channel regulators. molecular function regulator molecular function regulator molecular function regulator activity A molecular function regulator regulates the activity of its target via non-covalent binding that does not result in covalent modification to the target. Examples of molecular function regulators include regulatory subunits of multimeric enzymes and channels. Mechanisms of regulation include allosteric changes in the target and competitive inhibition. GOC:dos GOC:pt A molecular function that modulates the activity of a gene product or complex. Examples include enzyme regulators and channel regulators. GOC:dos GOC:pt Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. regulation of receptor ligand regulation of receptor binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling regulation of receptor ligand GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. up regulation of receptor binding upregulation of receptor binding activation of receptor binding positive regulation of receptor binding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling up regulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie upregulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie activation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity. positive regulation of signalling receptor activity positive regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity. GOC:obol conditional specification A directive information entity that specifies what should happen if the trigger condition is fulfilled. PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived OBI_0000349 conditional specification measurement unit label Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume. A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term. 2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot measurement unit label objective specification In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction. A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed." 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that. Answers the question, why did you do this experiment? PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Barry Smith PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Jennifer Fostel goal specification OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch OBI_0000217 experiment objective objective specification narrative object Examples of narrative objects are reports, journal articles, and patents submission. A narrative object is an information content entity that is a set of propositions. 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'textual entity' and 'figure'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion agree - DENRIE. Issue(alan) do we only mean text? What about a story told by mime. Does music count? (no) what about an oral report. Regarding definition, saying it is a set of propositions means we loose the idea that wording matters. Maybe adjust saying a narrative object has some relationshop to a set of propositions person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000013 group:OBI narrative object Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2 A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. Alan Ruttenberg OBI Plan and Planned Process branch action specification obsolete_artifact true datum label A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch?q=label#4n GROUP: IAO 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum. datum label software Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit. see sourceforge tracker discussion at http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1958818&group_id=177891&atid=886178 PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Melanie Courtot GROUP: OBI software obsolete_digital entity A digital entity is an information entity which is a collection of bits that can be interpreted by a computer. Two digital entities are the same if they are bitwise identical. 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 Superclass was 'digitial quality' person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000261 group:OBI obsolete2_digital entity true journal article Examples are articles published in the journals, Nature and Science. The content can often be cited by reference to a paper based encoding, e.g. Authors, Title of article, Journal name, date or year of publication, volume and page number. A report that is published in a journal. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000159 group:OBI journal article information carrier In the case of a printed paperback novel the physicality of the ink and of the paper form part of the information bearer. The qualities of appearing black and having a certain pattern for the ink and appearing white for the paper form part of the information carrier in this case. A quality of an information bearer that imparts the information content 12/15/09: There is a concern that some ways that carry information may be processes rather than qualities, such as in a 'delayed wave carrier'. 2014-03-10: We are not certain that all information carriers are qualities. There was a discussion of dropping it. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy information carrier model number A model number is an information content entity specifically borne by catalogs, design specifications, advertising materials, inventory systems and similar that is about manufactured objects of the same class. The model number is an alternative term for the class. The manufactered objects may or may not also bear the model number. Model numbers can be encoded in a variety of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots. manufactered items may have more than one model number, sometimes by rebranding, or because companies are sold and the products issued new model numbers Person: Alan Ruttenberg model number obsolete_material_entity true binary digital entity MS Word document, ZIP file, DICOM file, JPEG file A binary digital entity is a digital entity that is encoded in a way that is not easily human readable and that contains other than text characters. 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 Superclass was 'digital entity' digital_entity person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000244 group:OBI obsolete2_binary digital entity true The length of a ruler. a unit of measure is the quality of some material entity compared to which another quality is some multiple of. Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy obsolete_unit of measure true programming language R, Perl, Java A language in which source code is written that is intended to be executed/run by a software interpreter. Programming languages are ways to write instructions that specify what to do, and sometimes, how to do it. person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000058 group:OBI programming language data item Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries. An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees data data item symbol a serial number such as "12324X" a stop sign a written proper name such as "OBI" An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity. 20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change 2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154). PERSON: James A. Overton PERSON: Jonathan Rees based on Oxford English Dictionary symbol numeral A symbol that denotes a number. PERSON: Jonathan Rees numeral information content entity Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000142 information content entity integer numeral A numeral that denotes an integer PERSON: Jonathan Rees integer numeral 1 1 10 feet. 3 ml. A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label. 2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in this case we explicitly refer to the singular form Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot scalar measurement datum An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it. 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bjoern Peters directive information entity time trigger PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch time trigger obsolete_study interpretation A study interpretation is a textual entity about the implications of a study result. Examples include discussion of whether a hypothesis is false, whether the study failed to address the hypothesis, and whether the study results have led to new hypotheses 2009-03-16: definition was "A conclusion is a narrative object which can be published in a paper summerizing and interpreting a protocol application." 2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. The obsoleting of narrative object required a modest change in the definition of this term. Circularity with "interpretation... interprets" has been removed, using "about the implications" instead. Lawrence Hunter PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot conclusion OBI_0000005 obsolete_study interpretation true dot plot Dot plot of SSC-H and FSC-H. A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions. person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000123 group:OBI dot plot graph A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Allyson Lister OBI_0000240 group:OBI graph text based digital entity XML file, C++ source code file A text based digital entity is a digital entity that is encoded so that it only contains text characters. 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 superclass was 'digital document' digital_entity person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000132 group:OBI obsolete2_text based digital entity true rule example to be added A rule is an executable which guides, defines, restricts actions. MSI PRS OBI_0500021 PRS rule contour plot Contour plot of SSC-H, FSC-H, and FL1-H. generically_dependent_continuants person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000246 group:Flow Cytometry community contour plot report figure A report figure is a report display element that has some aspect of illustration, but may be a composite of figures, images, and other elements I prepended the 'report ' to make it clear that we mean parts of reports here. We may want a more generic version of 'figure', in which case this would become a defined class - figure and part_of some report Replaced by defined version of figure person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Allyson Lister OBI_0000027 group:OBI obsolete2_report figure true algorithm PMID: 18378114.Genomics. 2008 Mar 28. LINKGEN: A new algorithm to process data in genetic linkage studies. A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata. Philippe Rocca-Serra PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI_0000270 adapted from discussion on OBI list (Matthew Pocock, Christian Cocos, Alan Ruttenberg) algorithm software interpreter R program, Perl interpreter, Java virtual machine A software interpreter is a software application that executes some specified input software. Do we care? Jennifer: Yes, there was a particular version of R that had a bug and it was fixed later. That would imply that we mean specific version of an interpreter. So an instance of this would be a particular version of the interpreter person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000199 group:OBI software interpreter curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification density plot Density plot of SSC-H and FSC-H. A density plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the tint of a particular pixel corresponds to some kind of function corresponding the the amount of data points relativelly with their distance from the the pixel. person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000179 group:Flow Cytometry community density plot report Examples of reports are gene lists and investigation reports. These are not published (journal) articles but may be included in a journal article. A document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. Examples of reports are journal article, patent application, grant progress report, case report (not patient record). 2009-03-16: comment from Darren Natale: I am slightly uneasy with the sentence "Topic of the report is on something that has completed." Should it be restricted to those things that are completed? For example, a progress report is (usually) about something that definitely has *not* been completed, or may include (only) projections. I think the definition would not suffer if the whole sentence is deleted. 2009-03-16: this was report of results with definition: A report is a narrative object that is a formal statement of the results of an investigation, or of any matter on which definite information is required, made by some person or body instructed or required to do so. 2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'document'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion disagreement about where reports go. alan: only some gene lists are reports. Is a report all the content of some document? The example of usage suggests that a report may be part of some article. Term needs clarification PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Melanie Courtot GROUP: OBI OBI_0000099 report report element A report element is a narrative object in which information is presented and consumed by a human being, and is part of a report. Examples of report elements are figure (dot plot), table, text portion (may include a movie or audio clip on a web page). 2009-03-16: needs some more work (clarify relations). 2009-03-16: was report display element with definition: A report display element is a narrative object that is part of a report. Report display elements are set off from the textual parts of a report and are typically given a label(e.g. Figure 2) which is used to refer to the element from the text. Typically the 2d layout is part of the identity of such elements. 2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI. 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'textual entity' and 'figure'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion Replaced by textual entity and figure There will be some issue here about whether these are defined classes. As intended these are meant to denote the parts of the report that are not textual but are typically boxed and set within the text, labelled with some identifier, and referred to in the text PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Allyson Lister PERSON: Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI OBI_0000001 obsolete_report element true binary executable Binary executable is a digital entity consisting of the binary representation of machine instructions of a specific processor or they may be binary pseudocode for a virtual machine. A non-source executable file is also called an object program. It is assumed that the binary executable file contains properly-formatted computer instructions. (derived from Wikipedia, Nov 1, 2007) 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 superclass was 'digital entity' person:Jennifer Fostel OBI_0000222 group:OBI obsolete2_binary executable true source code module The written source code that implements part of an algorithm. Test - if you know that it was written in a specific language, then it can be source code module. We mean here, roughly, the wording of a document such as a perl script. A source code module is a directive information entity that specifies, using a programming language, some algorithm. person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000039 group:OBI source code module report table A report table is a report display element consisting of a matrix of cells layed out in a grid, some set of which are filled with some information content 2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'textual entity table'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Allyson Lister OBI_0000265 group:OBI obsolete_report table true data format specification A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file 2009-03-16: provenance: term imported from OBI_0000187, which had original definition "A data format specification is a plan which organizes information. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file" PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PlanAndPlannedProcess Branch OBI branch derived OBI_0000187 data format specification data set Intensity values in a CEL file or from multiple CEL files comprise a data set (as opposed to the CEL files themselves). A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg. The intention is that this term represent collections of like data. So this isn't for, e.g. the whole contents of a cel file, which includes parameters, metadata etc. This is more like java arrays of a certain rather specific type 2014-05-05: Data sets are aggregates and thus must include two or more data items. We have chosen not to add logical axioms to make this restriction. person:Allyson Lister person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000042 group:OBI data set image An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface. person:Alan Ruttenberg person:Allyson person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000030 group:OBI image data about an ontology part Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term Person:Alan Ruttenberg data about an ontology part plan specification PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term. 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications. Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved Alan Ruttenberg OBI Plan and Planned Process branch OBI_0000344 2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review. Action specification not well enough specified. Conditional specification not well enough specified. Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications. Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them plan specification digital document A digital document is a digital entity consisting of an electronic file which can be rendered into human-readable form by one or more computational applications. The digital document does not refer to the information content of the document but to an instance of the file. 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 superclass was 'digial entity' person:Jennifer Fostel OBI_0000195 group:OBI obsolete2_digital document true measurement datum Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}. A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay? person:Chris Stoeckert OBI_0000305 group:OBI measurement datum _identifier is a container under information content entity for collecting types of terms to indicate a specific instance or clas of what was used or participated in an investigation. Identifiers are borne by a product or its packaging, and can be encoded in a variety of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots. Note: everybody agreed that identifier is probably a too general term. We however felt that it would be appropriate to group "identifiying" terms under some kind of umbrella. We therefore propose to use _identifier for that purpose. As per OBI conventions, the _ prefixing identifier indicates that this is a helper class and shouldn't be considered as final. obsolete_identifier true version number A version number is an information content entity which is a sequence of characters borne by part of each of a class of manufactured products or its packaging and indicates its order within a set of other products having the same name. Note: we feel that at the moment we are happy with a general version number, and that we will subclass as needed in the future. For example, see 7. genome sequence version GROUP: IAO version number serial number A serial number is an information content entity which is a unique sequence of characters borne by part of manufactured product or its packaging that is assigned to each individual in some class of products, and so can serve as a way to identify an individual product within the class. Serial numbers can be encoded in a variety of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots. Note: during the call there was some confusion between serial number and model number. We agreed that it would be very helpful for all those terms to have example of usages - please add if you have any :-) GROUP: IAO serial number lot number A lot number is an information content entity which is an identical sequence of character borne by part of manufactured product or its packaging for each instances of a product class in a discrete batch of an item. Lot numbers are usually assigned to each separate production run of an item. Manufacturing as a lot might be due to a variety of reasons, for example, a single process during which many individuals are made from the same portion of source material. Lot numbers can be encoded in a pattern of other information objects, such as bar codes, numerals, or patterns of dots. GROUP: IAO batch number lot number A settings datum is a datum that denotes some configuration of an instrument. 2/3/2009 Feedback from OBI This should be a "setting specification". There is a question of whether it is information about a realizable or not. Pro other specification are about realizables. Cons sometimes specifies a quality which is not a realizable. Alan grouped these in placeholder for the moment. Name by analogy to measurement datum. setting datum 3/22/2009 Alan Ruttenberg, obsoleted per http://groups.google.com/group/information-ontology/browse_thread/thread/789ad4b7708d5cf4 Need to rework digital entity. Digital quality was suggested by Barry. obsolete_digital quality true conclusion textual entity that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660 A textual entity that expresses the results of reasoning about a problem, for instance as typically found towards the end of scientific papers. 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case 2009/10/23 Alan Ruttenberg: We need to work on the definition still Person:Alan Ruttenberg conclusion textual entity material information bearer A page of a paperback novel with writing on it. The paper itself is a material information bearer, the pattern of ink is the information carrier. a brain a hard drive A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres. GROUP: IAO material information bearer histogram A histogram is a report graph which is a statistical description of a distribution in terms of occurrence frequencies of different event classes. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI histogram heatmap A heatmap is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the values taken by a variable(s) are shown as colors in a two-dimensional map. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI heatmap Venn diagram A Venn diagram is a report graph showing all hypothetically possible logical relations between a finite collection of sets. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venn_diagram Venn diagram obsolete_survival curve A survival curve is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the percentage of survival is plotted as a function of time. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot WEB: http://www.graphpad.com/www/book/survive.htm obsolete_survival curve true dendrogram Dendrograms are often used in computational biology to illustrate the clustering of genes. A dendrogram is a report graph which is a tree diagram frequently used to illustrate the arrangement of the clusters produced by a clustering algorithm. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrogram dendrogram scatter plot Comparison of gene expression values in two samples can be displayed in a scatter plot A scatterplot is a graph which uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:James Malone PERSON:Melanie Courtot scattergraph WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatterplot scatter plot A photograph is created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Joanne Luciano PERSON:Melanie Courtot WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/photograph photograph photographic print A photographic print is a material entity upon which a photograph generically depends. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot photographic print obsolescence reason specification The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot obsolescence reason specification textual entity Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc. AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc. MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter text textual entity citation Verspoor, K., Cohen, KB., Hunter, L. Textual characteristics of traditional and Open Access scientific journals are similar, BMC Bioinformatics 2009, 10:183. A textual entity intended to identify a particular publication. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter citation author identification L. Hunter A textual entity intended to identify a particular author PERSON: Lawrence Hunter author identification institutional identification University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine A textual entity intended to identify a particular institution PERSON: Lawrence Hunter institutional identification caption Figure 1: A system diagram describing the modules of the Hanalyzer. Reading methods (green) take external sources of knowledge (blue) and extract information from them, either by parsing structured data or biomedical language processing to extract information from unstructured data. Reading modules are responsible for tracking the provenance of all knowledge. Reasoning methods (yellow) enrich the knowledge that results from reading by, for example, noting two genes that are annotated to the same ontology term or database entry. All knowledge sources, read or reasoned, are assigned a reliability score, and all are combined using that score into a knowledge network (orange) that represents the integration of all sorts of relationship between a pair of genes and a combined reliability score. A data network (also orange) is created from experimental results to be analyzed. The reporting modules (pink) integrate the data and knowledge networks, producing visualizations that can be queried with the associated drill-down tool. A textual entity that describes a figure PERSON: Lawrence Hunter caption document title Textual characteristics of traditional and Open Access scientific journals are similar A textual entity that names a document PERSON: Lawrence Hunter document title table | T F --+----- T | T F F | F F A textual entity that contains a two-dimensional arrangement of texts repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, such that the spatial relationships among the constituent texts expresses propositions PERSON: Lawrence Hunter table table of abbreviations IAO information artifact ontology OBI ontology of biomedical investiations GO gene ontology A table where the constituent texts are abbreviations and their expansions PERSON: Lawrence Hunter table of abbreviations figure Any picture, diagram or table An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter figure diagram A molecular structure ribbon cartoon showing helices, turns and sheets and their relations to each other in space. A figure that expresses one or more propositions PERSON: Lawrence Hunter diagram document A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole PERSON: Lawrence Hunter document publication journal article, newspaper story, book, etc. A document that is the output of a publishing process. PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jie Zheng PERSON: Lawrence Hunter published document Revisit the term in Octorber 2020. Improve the defintion. publication publication about an investigation Most scientific journal articles A publication that is about an investigation PERSON: Lawrence Hunter scientific publication publication about an investigation patent US Patent 6,449,603 A document that has been accepted by a patent authority PERSON: Lawrence Hunter patent document part An abstract, introduction, method or results section. An information content entity that is part of a document. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter document part abstract The profusion of high-throughput instruments and the explosion of new results in the scientific literature, particularly in molecular biomedicine, is both a blessing and a curse to the bench researcher. Even knowledgeable and experienced scientists can benefit from computational tools that help navigate this vast and rapidly evolving terrain. In this paper, we describe a novel computational approach to this challenge, a knowledge-based system that combines reading, reasoning and reporting methods to facilitate analysis of experimental data. Reading methods extract information from external resources, either by parsing structured data or biomedical language processing to extract information from unstructured data, and track knowledge provenance. Reasoning methods enrich the knowledge that results from reading by, for example, noting two genes that are annotated to the same ontology term or database entry. Reasoning is also used to combine all sources into a knowledge network that represents the integration of all sorts of relationships between a pair of genes, and to calculate a combined reliability score. Reporting methods combine the knowledge network with a congruent network constructed from experimental data and visualize the combined network in a tool that facilitates the knowledge-based analysis of that data. A summary of the entire document that is substantially smaller than the document it summarizes. It is about the document it summarizes. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter precis abstract introduction to a publication about an investigation Section labelled 'introduction' of a typical scientific journal article A part of a publication about an investigation that is about the objective specification (why the investigation is being done) PERSON: Lawrence Hunter background introduction overview introduction to a publication about an investigation methods section The section labelled 'Methods' or 'Materials and Methods' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a publication about an investigation that is about the study design of the investigation PERSON: Lawrence Hunter experimental experimental methods experimental procedures experimental section method methodology methods methods section results section The section labelled 'results' in a typical scientific journal article A part of a publication about an investigation that is about a study design execution PERSON: Lawrence Hunter results results section discussion section of a publication about an investigation A part of a publication about an investigation that is about the study interpretation of the investigation PERSON: Lawrence Hunter discussion discussion section discussions discussion section of a publication about an investigation references section The list of citations found at the end of a scientific publication, grant proposal or patent application, sometimes called "literature cited" or "bibliography" A part of a document that has citations as parts PERSON: Lawrence Hunter literature cited reference reference list references references section author list Lawrence Hunter and Kevin Brettonel Cohen A part of a document that enumerates the authors of the document PERSON: Lawrence Hunter author list institution list The University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and the University of Colorado Boulder. A part of a document that has parts that are institution identifications associated with the authors of the document PERSON: Lawrence Hunter institution list author contributions section LH conceived of the hypothesis, designed the study and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. KBC executed the experiments, analyzed the data, and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. A part of a publication that is about the specific contributions of each author PERSON: Lawrence Hunter author contributions authors' contribution authors' contributions authors' roles contributions by the authors contributorship author contributions section acknowledgements section The authors wish to thank Alan Ruttenberg for his constructive comments about an earlier draft of this manuscript Part of a publication that is about the contributions of people or institutions other than the authors. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter acknowledgement acknowledgements acknowledgment acknowledgments acknowledgements section footnote The referent in the text is usually indicated by a special typographic character such as * or a superscripted number, which is also used to indicate the footnote that refers to that text. A part of a document that is about a specific other part of the document. Usually footnotes are spatially segregated from the rest of the document. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter endnote footnotes footnote supplementary material to a document A part of a document that is segregated from the rest of the document due to its size PERSON: Lawrence Hunter additional file additional files additional information appendix electronic supplementary material electronic supplementary materials supplemental data supplemental information supplemental material supplementary data supplementary files supplementary information supplementary material supplementary materials supporting information supplementary material to a document table of contents A table that relates document parts to specific locations in a document (usually page numbers). This is also a document part (subsumption there should be inferred). PERSON: Lawrence Hunter table of contents table of figures A table that relates figures in a document to specific locations in that document (usually page numbers). This is also a document part (subsumption there should be inferred). PERSON: Lawrence Hunter table of figures running title A shorter version of a document title PERSON: Lawrence Hunter running title copyright section This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. A document part that describes legal restrictions on making or distributing copies of the document PERSON: Lawrence Hunter copyright section 1 A cartesian spatial coordinate datum is a representation of a point in a spatial region, in which equal changes in the magnitude of a coordinate value denote length qualities with the same magnitude 2009-08-18 Alan Ruttenberg - question to BFO list about whether the BFO sense of the lower dimensional regions is that they are always part of actual space (the three dimensional sort) http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-discuss/browse_thread/thread/9d04e717e39fb617 Alan Ruttenberg AR notes: We need to discuss whether it should include site. cartesian spatial coordinate datum http://groups.google.com/group/bfo-discuss/browse_thread/thread/9d04e717e39fb617 1 A cartesion spatial coordinate datum that uses one value to specify a position along a one dimensional spatial region Alan Ruttenberg one dimensional cartesian spatial coordinate datum 1 1 A cartesion spatial coordinate datum that uses two values to specify a position within a two dimensional spatial region Alan Ruttenberg two dimensional cartesian spatial coordinate datum 1 1 1 A cartesion spatial coordinate datum that uses three values to specify a position within a three dimensional spatial region Alan Ruttenberg three dimensional cartesian spatial coordinate datum A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of length quality Alan Ruttenberg length measurement datum denotator type The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. Alan Ruttenberg Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters denotator type A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of mass quality 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case Person:Alan Ruttenberg mass measurement datum hypothesis textual entity that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660 A textual entity that expresses an assertion that is intended to be tested. 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case Person:Alan Ruttenberg hypothesis textual entity A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measuring a temporal interval 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case Person:Alan Ruttenberg time measurement datum A textual entity that is used as directive to deliver something to a person, or organization 2010-05-24 Alan Ruttenberg. Use label for the string representation. See issue https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/59 postal address email address Alan Ruttenberg 1/3/2012 - Provisional id, see issue at https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/130&thanks=130&ts=1325636583 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Chris Stoeckart email address author role A role inhering in a person or organization that is realized when the bearer participates in the work which is the basis of the document, in the writing of the document, and signs it with their name. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot author role A planned process in which journal articles are read or processed and data items are extracted, typically for further analysis or indexing Person:Alan Ruttenberg data item extraction from journal article A planned process of making information, such as literature, music, and software etc., available to the public for sale or for free. Person: Jie Zheng https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishing VEuPathDB publishing process A document that is in preparation for submission to be published. PERSON: Jie Zheng EFO_0001795 in preparation VEuPathDB document in preparation for publication Recording the current temperature in a laboratory notebook. Writing a journal article. Updating a patient record in a database. A planned process in which a document is created or added to by including the specified input in it. 6/11/9: Edited at OBI workshop. We need to be able identify a child form of information artifact which corresponds to something enduring (not brain like). This used to be restricted to physical document or digital entity as the output, but that excludes e.g. an audio cassette tape Bjoern Peters wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documenting documenting line graph A line graph is a type of graph created by connecting a series of data points together with a line. PERSON:Chris Stoeckert PERSON:Melanie Courtot line chart GROUP:OBI WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_chart line graph A new pubmed ID being created for a journal article, and the associated pubmed record containing information to the journal article. A license plate number registered at the DMV to be belonging to a specific vehicle and owner. Placing a barcode on a product and entering information in a database that this barcode is assigned. A planned process in which a new CRID is created, associated with an entity, and stored in the CRID registry thereby registering it as being associated with some entity 2014-05-05: It is the CRID registry that assigns CRIDs, not the users of the registry. Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Bjoern Peters Person:Melanie Courtot assigning a CRID assigning a centrally registered identifier Articles in Pubmed are reviewed by curators who add MESH terms to the Pubmed records in order to categorize them better and improve the ability to search for them. A planned process in which a CRID registry associates an information content entity with a CRID symbol PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg associating information with a CRID in the CRID registry associating information with a centrally registered identifier in its registry a planned process with the objective to establish a system that allows to refer to specific entities of a certain kind and store information about them, by establishing a CRID registry and plan specifications for the process of 1) assigning a CRID and 2) looking up a CRID. MC, 20101124: deprecated following discussion at IAO call 20101124. Term was deemed not necessary - no use case for now. obsolete_establishing a CRID registry true The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed. A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bill Hogan PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Melanie Courtot CRID symbol Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier symbol The sentence "The article has Pubmed ID 12345." contains a CRID that has two parts: one part is the CRID symbol, which is '12345'; the other part denotes the CRID registry, which is Pubmed. An information content entity that consists of a CRID symbol and additional information about the CRID registry to which it belongs. 2014-05-05: In defining this term we take no position on what the CRID denotes. In particular do not assume it denotes a *record* in the CRID registry (since the registry might not have 'records'). Alan, IAO call 20101124: potentially the CRID denotes the instance it was associated with during creation. Note, IAO call 20101124: URIs are not always CRID, as not centrally registered. We acknowledge that CRID is a subset of a larger identifier class, but this subset fulfills our current needs. OBI PURLs are CRID as they are registered with OCLC. UPCs (Universal Product Codes from AC Nielsen)are not CRID as they are not centrally registered. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bill Hogan PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Melanie Courtot CRID Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier PubMed is a CRID registry. It has a dataset of PubMed identifiers associated with journal articles. A CRID registry is a dataset of CRID records, each consisting of a CRID symbol and additional information which was recorded in the dataset through a assigning a centrally registered identifier process. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bill Hogan PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Melanie Courtot CRID registry Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls centrally registered identifier registry Going to the PubMed website and entering a PubMed ID in order to retrieve the Pubmed information associated with that ID. A planned process in which a request to a CRID registry is made to return the information associated with a CRID symbol PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Bill Hogan PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Melanie Courtot looking up a CRID looking up a centrally registered identifier time stamped measurement datum pmid:20604925 - time-lapse live cell microscopy A data set that is an aggregate of data recording some measurement at a number of time points. The time series data set is an ordered list of pairs of time measurement data and the corresponding measurement data acquired at that time. Alan Ruttenberg experimental time series time sampled measurement data set written name "Bill Clinton" "The Eiffel Tower" "United States of America" A textual entity that denotes a particular in reality. PERSON: Bill Hogan https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/114 The qualifier "written" is to set it apart from spoken names. Also, note the restrictions to particulars. We are not naming universals. We could however, be naming, attributive collections which are particulars, so "All people located in the boundaries of the city of Little Rock, AR on June 18, 2011 at 9:50a CDT" would be a name. written name A software method (also called subroutine, subprogram, procedure, method, function, or routine) is software designed to execute a specific task. PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Michel Dumontier https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80 software method A software module is software composed of a collection of software methods. PERSON: Melanei Courtot PERSON: Michel Dumontier https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80 software module A software library is software composed of a collection of software modules and/or software methods in a form that can be statically or dynamically linked to some software application. PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Michel Dumontier https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80 software library A software application is software that can be directly executed by some processing unit. PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Michel Dumontier https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80 software application A software script is software whose instructions can be executed using a software interpreter. PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Michel Dumontier https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/80 software script abbreviation textual entity From Shiba et al. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2013; 1: 45. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893467/): BAC: Bacterial artificial chromosome; CR: Calretinin; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; MAP: Microtubule-associated protein; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; NSC: Neural stem cell; PDA: Patent ductus arteriosus; PMG: Polymicrogyria; PNH: Periventricular nodular heterotopia; VSD: Ventricular septal defect. A textual entity listing abbreviations and their expansions that are used in a document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner abbreviation textual entity abbreviations section The section labelled 'abbreviations' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a document where abbreviations and their long-forms used within the document are listed. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner abbreviation and acronyms abbreviation list abbreviations abbreviations and acronyms abbreviations list abbreviations used definitions for abbreviations list of abbreviations list of abbreviations used non-standard abbreviations nonstandard abbreviations nonstandard abbreviations and acronyms abbreviations section author information section The section labelled 'author information' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Takon. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2011; 10: 25. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204268/) A part of a document about the authors that provides biographical information and may discuss how the authors' professional experiences are relevant to the work described in the document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner author information authors’ information biographies contributor information author information section author information textual entity From Takon. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2011; 10: 25. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204268/): IT [the author] is the lead paediatrician for ADHD services in East Hertfordshire, UK, where she runs a weekly joint ADHD clinic with the Child and Adolescent psychiatrist and works within an ADHD specialist team. IT also sees children with other neurodisability issues who may have comorbid ADHD, where the presentation may be more complex and challenging to manage. IT has vast experience in managing children with complex ADHD. She has 18 years of experience in paediatrics and also has extensive experience in the use of psychopharmacologic agents in managing children with ADHD. A textual entity expression information about an author of a document. This information may include biographical information and may discuss how the authors' professional experiences are relevant to the work described in the document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner author information textual entity author summary section The section labelled 'synopsis' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Pendse et al. BMC Genomics. 2013; 14: 136. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3608171/) A part of a document, distinct from the abstract, that describes the significance and broader context of the document content. The author summary is often written in a non-technical manner and is aimed at both scientists and non-scientist readers. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner author summary summary synopsis Article submission guidelines for PLoS Genetics (http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/s/submission-guidelines) author summary section author summary textual entity From Pendse et al. BMC Genomics. 2013; 14: 136. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3608171/): The search for genetic risk factors for common human diseases often relies on the use of linkage and association studies to establish correlation between genomic markers and disease risk. These studies require additional functional evaluation of candidate genes, including their possible interaction with diet and environment. The number of candidate genes is typically large and the development of appropriate genetic tools in mammalian systems is slow. By contrast, large-scale genetic screens, using widely available genetic tools, are routinely conducted in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we used Drosophila to screen candidate genes identified in human genome-wide scans as associated with risk of metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes. We show that a number of human candidate genes have fly orthologs that play an important role in Drosophila tolerance to high dietary sucrose. We further explored some of the specific metabolic abnormalities that can result when these genes’ activities are reduced in flies, focusing on a gene we call dHHEX (CG7056), the fly ortholog of human HHEX. A textual entity, distinct from the abstract, that describes the significance and broader context of the document content. The author summary is often written in a non-technical manner and is aimed at both scientists and non-scientist readers, e.g as described in the article submission guidelines for PLoS Genetics (http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/s/submission-guidelines). PERSON: Bill Baumgartner Article submission guidelines for PLoS Genetics (http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/s/submission-guidelines). author summary textual entity availability section The section labelled 'availability and requirements' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Qi et al. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014; 15: 11. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897912/). A part of a document about a resource described in the document, e.g. software, that describes where and/or how that resource can be obtained. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner availability availability of data data archiving data availability data availability statement data sharing statement availability section availability textual entity From Qi et al. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014; 15: 11. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897912/): Project home page:http://krux.googlecode.com A textual entity expressing the location of a resource, e.g. software, or the manner in which a resource can be obtained. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner availability textual entity case report section The section labelled 'case report' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Taglia et al. Acta Myol. 2012 Dec; 31(3): 201–203. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3631801/) A part of a document about the medical history of a specific patient as it relates to the topic of the document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner case presentation case report case report section case report textual entity Excerpt from Taglia et al. Acta Myol. 2012 Dec; 31(3): 201–203. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3631801/): The patient is a 50-year-old man. His medical history was not contributory. At the age of 37 years, he complained of persistent fatigue and dyspnoea even for modest efforts and oedema of lower limbs. The patient was examined at the department of internal medicine of the local hospital, and hospitalised with a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy probably consequence of a myocarditis process. Soon after he was transferred to the cardiologic department of the regional hospital, and pharmacologically treated for heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. A textual entity that expresses a detailed account of a portion of the medical history for a specific patient. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner case report textual entity conclusion section The section labelled 'conclusion' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a document used to summarize the findings discussed in the document. The conclusion section is typically found near the end of a document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner concluding remarks conclusion conclusions findings summary conclusion section conflict of interest section The section labelled 'conflict of interest statement' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a document used to declare any competing interests regarding the authors and/or funding organization for the work described in the document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner authors' disclosures of potential conflicts of interest competing financial interests competing interests conflict of interest conflict of interest statement conflict of interests conflicts of interest declaration of competing interest declaration of competing interests declaration of interest declaration of interests disclosure of conflict of interest disclosure of potential conflicts of interest duality of interest statement of interest conflict of interest section conflict of interest statement SD [an author] is a Merck employee and Merck is the sponsor of this study. [Taken from 'Effects of obstructive sleep apnoea risk on postoperative respiratory complications: protocol for a hospital-based registry study' Shin et al. 2016 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4735131/)] A textual entity that expresses a situation involving one or more of the authors, or the funding source of a document whereby the authors or funding source stand to potentially gain (typically financially) from the results reported in the document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner conflict of interest textual entity consent section The section labelled 'consent' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Shiba et al. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2013; 1: 45. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893467/) A part of a document about the consent process that was used to enroll patients in a study. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner consent consent section consent textual entity From Shiba et al. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2013; 1: 45. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893467/): Written informed consent was obtained from the patient’s parents for publication of this Case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in chief of this journal. A textual entity that documents the consenting process used to enroll patients in a study. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner consent textual entity ethical approval section The section labelled 'ethical approval' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a document about the governance body responsible for approving the work discussed in a document on an ethical basis. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner ethical approval ethical requirements ethics ethics statement ethical approval section ethical approval textual entity From McLean et al. Br J Gen Pract. 2014 Jul; 64(624): e440–e447 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4073730/): The NHS National Research Ethics Service had previously approved the use of these anonymised data for research purposes and this analysis did not require independent review. A textual entity that documents the ethical approval of some study design. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner ethical approval textual entity figures section The section labelled 'figures' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a document that contains one or more figures. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner figures figures section funding source declaration section The section labelled 'funding' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a document used to detail information regarding the source of funding used in support of the generation of the document content. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner financial support funding funding information funding sources funding statement funding/support grants role of the funding source source of funding sources of funding study funding funding source declaration section funding souce declaration textual entity From Stephan et al. Accid Anal Prev. 2011 May; 43(3): 1062–1067. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3062852/): This study was supported by the International Collaborative Research Grants Scheme with joint grants from the Wellcome Trust UK (GR071587MA) and the Australian NHMRC (268055). The funding sources played no role in study design, data collection, analysis or interpretation, writing the report, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. A textual entity documenting the source of funding that supported some study. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner funding source declaration textual entity future directions section The section labelled 'future directions' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a document detailing extensions of the described work that may be implemented at some future point in time. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner future challenges future considerations future developments future directions future outlook future perspectives future plans future prospects future research future research directions future studies future work outlook future directions section future directions textual entity Excerpt from Wang and Li. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2016 Jan; 37(1): 25–33. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4722976/): In the future, several questions will need to be resolved regarding the physiological assembly of KCNQ channels and their functional implications in complex neural circuits. First, we still lack sufficiently selective inhibitors and activators among the KCNQ family members. A textual entity expressing ideas regarding future work relevant to work described in a document that could be done. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner future directions textual entity genome announcement section The section labelled 'genome announcement' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Kim et al. J Bacteriol. 2011 Oct; 193(19): 5537. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3187466/) A document part announcing the publication of a novel draft genome sequence. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner genome announcement genome announcement section genome announcement textual entity Excerpt from Kim et al. J Bacteriol. 2011 Oct; 193(19): 5537. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3187466/): Here we report the genome sequence of Lactobacillus malefermentans KCTC 3548, which we obtained using a whole-genome shotgun strategy (4) with Roche 454 GS (FLX Titanium) pyrosequencing (257,559 reads totaling ∼89.8 Mb; ∼45-fold coverage of the genome) at the Genome Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB). A textual entity that describes the generation and public release of a novel, draft genome sequence. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner genome announcement textual entity keyword textual entity From: Fu and Lin. Identification of gene-oriented exon orthology between human and mouse. BMC Genomics. 2012; 13(Suppl 1): S10. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3303729/): Exon orthology; alternative splicing; exon duplication; intron-exon structure. A textual entity listing keywords indicating the major theme(s) of a document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner keyword textual entity keywords section The section labelled 'keywords' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a document where keywords selected by the author to categorize the major theme(s) of a document are listed. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner keywords keywords section study limitations section The section labelled 'limitations' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a document about biases or short comings related to the study design and execution. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner limitations study limitations Author guidelines published by The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1553-2712/homepage/ForAuthors.html) study limitations section study limitations textual entity Excerpt from the Limitations section of Fermann et al 2015, Acad Emerg Med. 2015 Mar; 22(3): 299–307 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405051/). Owing to the nature of a post hoc study, any significant values must be interpreted with caution. In the current analysis, no multiple testing was conducted and p-values remain unadjusted. Moreover, a selection bias arising from the randomized open-label design of the original EINSTEIN PE study cannot be ruled out. A textual entity addressing a shortcoming or bias of a study design or execution. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner Author guidelines published by The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1553-2712/homepage/ForAuthors.html) study limitations textual entity materials section The section labelled 'materials' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Nguyen et al. BMC Bioinformatics. 2010; 11: 279. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2889936/) A part of a document about the materials required to reproduce the content of the document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner materials materials section notes section The section labelled 'notes' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. McLean et al. Br J Gen Pract. 2014 Jul; 64(624): e440–e447 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4073730/): A part of a document containing typically short notes about the document itself and/or the authors. Often the notes section contains subsections related to funding, competing interests, ethical approval, etc. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner notes notes section patients section The section labelled 'patients' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Citak et al. Acta Orthop. 2013 Jun; 84(3): 326–327. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3715825/) A part of a document about the patients that participated in a study. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner patients section patients textual entity Excerpt from Citak et al. Acta Orthop. 2013 Jun; 84(3): 326–327. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3715825/): Between January 1996 and February 2012, we treated 4 patients with interprosthetic femoral fractures (3 of them women) (Figure 2) using a custom-made interposition device (Waldemar Link GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) (Figure 1). Mean age was 74 (59–86) years. The fractures occurred mean 18 (13–28) years after primary THA and mean 14 (10–17) years after primary TKA. At the latest follow-up, after mean 8 (0.5–16) years, revision surgery with a total femur replacement was required in 1 case due to aseptic loosening. No other complications requiring revision surgery occurred. A textual entity expressing information regarding the patients used in a study. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner patients textual entity pre-publication history section The section labelled 'pre-publication history' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. in Xiao et al. BMC Anesthesiol. 2013; 13: 33. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016475/) A part of the document about the publication history of a document. This section typically details dates of document submission to a journal and dates of any re-submissions as well as reviewer comments and responses to reviewers by the authors. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner notice of republication pre-publication history pre-publication history section pre-publication history textual entity From Xiao et al. BMC Anesthesiol. 2013; 13: 33. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016475/): The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2253/13/33/prepub A textual entity that expresses the pre-publication history (submission dates, reviewer comments, etc) for a document, often including a hyperlink to a web page detailing the information. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner pre-publication history textual entity related work section The section labelled 'related work' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Žitnik and Zupan. Bioinformatics. 2015 Jun 15; 31(12): i230–i239. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542780/) A part of a document about work in other publications that is relevant to the content of the document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner related literature related work related work section related work textual entity Excerpt from Žitnik and Zupan. Bioinformatics. 2015 Jun 15; 31(12): i230–i239. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4542780/): Our work presented here is similar in spirit to our recently developed methodology for data fusion via collective matrix factorization (Žitnik and Zupan, 2015). A textual entity that discusses work from other publications and expresses their relevancy to the content of a document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner related work textual entity requirements section The section labelled 'availability and requirements' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Qi et al. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014; 15: 11. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897912/). A part of a document about a resource described in the document, e.g. software, that describes the requirements necessary to use the resource, e.g. operating systems, hardware, etc. in the case of a software resource. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner requirements requirements section requirements textual entity From Qi et al. BMC Bioinformatics. 2014; 15: 11. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897912/): • Operating systems: Platform independent • Programming language: Matlab, R, Python • Other requirements: None • License: GNU GPL v3 • Any restrictions to use by non-academics: None A textual entity that expresses the requirements necessary to use a resource, e.g. software. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner requirements textual entity statistical analysis textual entity From Mondo et al. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2013 Mar; 24(2): 28–33. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734881/): Data were captured into EPI-DATA (version 3.1), cleaned and then exported to Stata version 10 for analysis. Continuous variables were summarised as mean (± standard deviation) and median (inter-quartile range), and presented in the tables. Categorical data were analysed using frequency and percentages, and results are presented in frequency tables and bar charts. Test of significance (p-value) was determined using the chi-square test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. A textual entity documenting statistical analysis tools and techniques employed. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner statistical analysis textual entity statistical analysis section The section labelled 'statistical analysis' in a typical scientific journal article, e.g. Mondo et al. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2013 Mar; 24(2): 28–33. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3734881/) A part of the document used to describe the statistical methodologies employed in the work presented in the document. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner statistical analysis statistical analysis section tables section The section labelled 'tables' in a typical scientific journal article. A part of a document that contains one or more tables. PERSON: Bill Baumgartner tables tables section An identifier that denotes some postal delivery route, some aggregate of postal delivery routes or a geographical region and was created for the purpose of sorting and delivering mail. Mathias Brochhausen postal code A plan specification that if realized, is realized by the delivery of mail to some facility or mailbox within some geographical region. Mathias Brochhausen Postal delivery route A postal code that is used in the United States for the purpose of sorting and delivering mail, and that denotes some postal delivery route or some aggregate of postal delivery routes. Mathias Brochhausen ZIP code zone improvement plan code database extract, transform, and load process A planned process which takes as input a database and fills another database by extracting concretizations of information entities from the first, transforming them, and loading the transformed concretizations into the second. Alan Ruttenberg 12/21/16: Maybe this definition instead: A planned process which takes as input a database and copies concretizations from the first, optionally transforms then copies the result to the second Alan Ruttenberg 12/21/16: We don't define database in IAO, currently, as the bare word is ambiguous. Reasonable interpretations of the word might be the material entity, an information structure, an information content entity. However this definition commits, at least, to there being some material thing which bear concretizations of information entities and that there are new concretizations created during the process. We consider the ETL process in terms of information entities rather than the concretizations. No committment is made as to whether the specified output. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg ETL WEB:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extract,_transform,_load database extract, transform, and load process descriptive data section A document part that lists and defines data variables, describes data characteristics (e.g. missing data information) and any assumptions and simplifications made. PERSON: Chen Yang PERSON: Jie Zheng https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma/ ONE ontology descriptive data section additional results section A results section that reports analyses other than main results of the study (e.g. subgroups analyses, adjusted analyses, sensitivity analyses, etc.) PERSON: Chen Yang PERSON: Jie Zheng https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort/ https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma/ https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe/ ONE ontology additional results section research participants section A document part that describes human subject(s) that participated in a study (e.g. inclusion & exclusion criteria, recruitment methods, reasons for non-participation, grouping and randomisation, methods of follow-up, etc.). PERSON: Chen Yang PERSON: Jie Zheng https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/consort/ https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/prisma/ https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe-nut/ ONE ontology research participants section measurement methods section A methods section that describes details of data assessment methods (data measurement). PERSON: Chen Yang PERSON: Jie Zheng https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/strobe/ ONE ontology measurement methods section research settings section A document part that describes the physical/social/cultural conditions around a research trial. PERSON: Chen Yang PERSON: Jie Zheng https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK262175/ ONE ontology research settings section study bias section A study limitations section that describes systematic error introduced into sampling or testing by selecting or encouraging one outcome or answer over others. PERSON: Chen Yang PERSON: Jie Zheng DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181de24bc ONE ontology study bias section graphical abstract An abstract that is pictorial summary of the main findings described in the document. PERSON: Jie Zheng PERSON: Tim Beck visual abstract https://www.elsevier.com/authors/journal-authors/graphical-abstract Biomedical literature NLP project graphical abstract identifier An identifier is an information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity. identifier ontology module I have placed this under 'data about an ontology part', but this can be discussed. I think this is OK if 'part' is interpreted reflexively, as an ontology module is the whole ontology rather than part of it. ontology file This class and it's subclasses are applied to OWL ontologies. Using an rdf:type triple will result in problems with OWL-DL. I propose that dcterms:type is instead used to connect an ontology URI with a class from this hierarchy. The class hierarchy is not disjoint, so multiple assertions can be made about a single ontology. ontology module base ontology module An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies. base ontology module editors ontology module An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users. source ontology module editors ontology module main release ontology module An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools. TODO: Add logical axioms that state that a main release ontology module is derived from (directly or indirectly) an editors module main release ontology module bridge ontology module An ontology module that consists entirely of axioms that connect or bridge two distinct ontology modules. For example, the Uberon-to-ZFA bridge module. bridge ontology module import ontology module A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology. TODO: add axioms that indicate this is the output of a module extraction process. import file import ontology module subset ontology module An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms. ontology slim subset ontology subset ontology module curation subset ontology module A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation. curation subset ontology module analysis ontology module An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications. analysis subset ontology module single layer ontology module A subset ontology that is largely comprised of a single layer or strata in an ontology class hierarchy. The purpose is typically for rolling up for visualization. The classes in the layer need not be disjoint. ribbon subset single layer subset ontology module exclusion subset ontology module A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes. antislim exclusion subset ontology module external import ontology module An imported ontology module that is derived from an external ontology. Derivation methods include the OWLAPI SLME approach. external import external import ontology module species subset ontology module A subset ontology that is crafted to either include or exclude a taxonomic grouping of species. taxon subset species subset ontology module reasoned ontology module An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available. reasoned ontology module generated ontology module An ontology module that is automatically generated, for example via a SPARQL query or via template and a CSV. TODO: Add axioms (using PROV-O?) that indicate this is the output-of some reasoning process generated ontology module template generated ontology module An ontology module that is automatically generated from a template specification and fillers for slots in that template. template generated ontology module taxonomic bridge ontology module taxonomic bridge ontology module ontology module subsetted by expressivity ontology module subsetted by expressivity obo basic subset ontology module A subset ontology that is designed for basic applications to continue to make certain simplifying assumptions; many of these simplifying assumptions were based on the initial version of the Gene Ontology, and have become enshrined in many popular and useful tools such as term enrichment tools. Examples of such assumptions include: traversing the ontology graph ignoring relationship types using a naive algorithm will not lead to cycles (i.e. the ontology is a DAG); every referenced term is declared in the ontology (i.e. there are no dangling clauses). An ontology is OBO Basic if and only if it has the following characteristics: DAG Unidirectional No Dangling Clauses Fully Asserted Fully Labeled No equivalence axioms Singly labeled edges No qualifier lists No disjointness axioms No owl-axioms header No imports obo basic subset ontology module ontology module subsetted by OWL profile ontology module subsetted by OWL profile EL++ ontology module EL++ ontology module all root all all all Vira Viridae viruses Viruses Vira Viridae viruses Glomerellales tef Poa tef Eragrostis tef tef Poa tef Teleostomi bony vertebrates Euteleostomi bony vertebrates Eupulmonata Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Potexvirus purple bacteria purple bacteria and relatives purple non-sulfur bacteria purple photosynthetic bacteria purple photosynthetic bacteria and relatives Alphaproteobacteraeota Alphaproteobacteriota Proteobacteriota proteobacteria Proteobacteria purple bacteria purple bacteria and relatives purple non-sulfur bacteria purple photosynthetic bacteria purple photosynthetic bacteria and relatives Alphaproteobacteraeota Alphaproteobacteriota Proteobacteriota proteobacteria Proteobacteria gamma subdivision Purple bacteria, gamma subdivision g-proteobacteria gamma proteobacteria gamma subdivision gamma subgroup Gammaproteobacteria Proteobacteria gamma subdivision Purple bacteria, gamma subdivision g-proteobacteria gamma proteobacteria gamma subdivision gamma subgroup leaf miner flies leaf miners Agromyzidae leaf miner flies leaf miners Phytomyzinae Liriomyza PSTV potato spindle tuber viroid PSTVd Potato spindle tuber viroid PSTV potato spindle tuber viroid PSTVd Cenchrinae charophyte/embryophyte group Charophyta/Embryophyta group Streptophytina charophyte/embryophyte group Charophyta/Embryophyta group biota cellular organisms biota biota biota Dipnotetrapodomorpha Lysobacterales Xanthomonadales Lysobacterales Ipomovirus Cassava brown streak virus Cassava alphaflexivirus Boreotheria Boreoeutheria Boreotheria Mesangiospermae Petrosaviidae Pentapetalae Glycine subgen. Soja Ehrhartoideae Oryzoideae Ehrhartoideae Pooideae Centothecoideae Panicoideae Centothecoideae PACMAD clade Chloridoideae Oryzeae Triticeae Paniceae Andropogoneae Cynodonteae Eragrostideae filamentous ascomycetes Euascomycota Pezizomycotina filamentous ascomycetes Euascomycota Pyrenomycetes Sordariomycetes Pyrenomycetes Osteoglossocephalai Loricarioidei Polypodiidae Polypodiidae <ferns> Polypodiidae Boraginales Stizolobium pruriens Mucuna pruriens Stizolobium pruriens Mononychellus tanajoa stink bugs terrestrial turtle bugs Pentatomidae stink bugs terrestrial turtle bugs Cicereae Crotalarieae Dalbergieae Genisteae Phaseoleae Trifolieae Vicieae Fabeae Vicieae Hordeinae Oryzinae Sorghinae Tripsacinae Triticinae Andropogonodae Panicodae Triticodae Viroids Pospiviroidae Viroids Pospiviroid leaf-footed bugs squash bugs tip wilters Coreidae leaf-footed bugs squash bugs tip wilters Actinopteri Clupeocephala Otophysa Otophysi Otophysa Characiphysi Siluriphysi Characiphysae Characiphysi Siluriphysi Ostarioclupeomorpha Otocephala Otomorpha Ostarioclupeomorpha Otocephala Raphignathae Acrididea Auchenorrhyncha Pancrustacea mandibulates Mandibulata mandibulates Bunyavirales unclassified Bunyavirales American serpentine leafminer celery leafminer Liriomyza trifolii American serpentine leafminer celery leafminer Bacillus phaseoli Xanthomonas phaseoli Bacillus phaseoli eubacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria prokaryote prokaryotes Bacteria eubacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria prokaryote prokaryotes Astroblepus sp. white spot Coreinae Homo/Pan/Gorilla group Homininae Archaea Heterobranchia Euthyneura Euthyneura <gastropods> Euthyneura Helicina Helicina Rafinesque, 1815 Sigmurethra Helicina <clade> Helicina Helicina Rafinesque, 1815 Sigmurethra Hypocreomycetidae Canavanine-accumulating clade non-protein amino acid accumulating clade NPAAA clade Canavanine-accumulating clade non-protein amino acid accumulating clade genistoids sensu lato core genistoids dalbergioids sensu lato Pterocarpus clade 50 kb inversion clade Hologalegina inverted repeat lacking clade inverted repeat loss clade temperate herbaceous clade IRL clade inverted repeat lacking clade inverted repeat loss clade temperate herbaceous clade indigoferoid/millettioid clade robinioid clade Diabroticina Diabroticites Rhizobium/Agrobacterium group Sinorhizobium/Ensifer group Crotonoideae Manihoteae Anasa squash bug Anasa tristis squash bug Filicopsida Moniliformopses ferns Polypodiopsida Filicopsida Moniliformopses ferns Astroblepus Negative-strand RNA viruses Negarnaviricota Negative-strand RNA viruses Polyploviricotina Ellioviricetes RNA viruses RNA viruses and viroids Riboviria RNA viruses RNA viruses and viroids Austropotamobius brown spot virus unclassified Astroblepus Ochrophyta Spiralia SAR supergroup Sar SAR supergroup Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex Equus intersubgeneric hybrids Lablab Orthornavirae Kitrinoviricota Pisuviricota Alsuviricetes Stelpaviricetes Patatavirales leaf beetles Chrysomelidae leaf beetles eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes Eukaryota eucaryotes eucaryotes eucaryotes eukaryotes eukaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucarya Eucarya Eucaryotae Eucaryotae Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya Eukaryotae Eukaryotae Eukaryotae eukaryotes eukaryotes eukaryotes Bovinae Sinorhizobium Alphabacteria Proteobacteria alpha subdivision Purple bacteria, alpha subdivision a-proteobacteria alpha proteobacteria alpha subdivision alpha subgroup Alphaproteobacteria Alphabacteria Proteobacteria alpha subdivision Purple bacteria, alpha subdivision a-proteobacteria alpha proteobacteria alpha subdivision alpha subgroup Pentatominae Asopinae brown algae Chromophycota Fucophyceae Phaeophyta algae brown algae Phaeophyceae brown algae Chromophycota Fucophyceae Phaeophyta algae brown algae Podisus spined soldier bug Podisus maculiventris spined soldier bug Lema melanopus Oulema melanopus Lema melanopus leafhoppers Jassidae Cicadellidae leafhoppers Jassidae mealybugs Pseudococcidae mealybugs Astroblepidae Afrotheria Laurasiatheria Euarchontoglires Anthropoidea Simiiformes ape apes Hominoidea higher plants land plants plants land plants Embryophyta higher plants land plants plants land plants hybrid of male donkey and female horse mule Equus asinus x Equus caballus hybrid of male donkey and female horse mule Lysobacteraceae Xanthomonas group Xanthomonadaceae Lysobacteraceae Xanthomonas group Azollaceae Salviniaceae Azollaceae spider mites Tetranychidae spider mites Tetranychus red spider mite two-spotted spider mite twospotted mite Tetranychus urticae red spider mite two-spotted spider mite twospotted mite teleost fishes Teleostei teleost fishes Ostariophysi tetrapods Tetrapoda tetrapods amniotes Amniota amniotes Theria Theria <mammals> Theria Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants Chlorobionta Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group Chloroplastida chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants Viridiplantae Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants green plants Chlorobionta Chlorobionta Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group Chloroplastida chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants green plants Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts Opisthokonta Fungi/Metazoa group Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts opisthokonts metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals Metazoa metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals Bilateria Protostomia Neoptera Orthopteroidea Polyneoptera Orthopteroidea Hemipteroidea hemipteroid assemblage Paraneoptera Hemipteroidea hemipteroid assemblage bugs Heteropterodea Prosorrhyncha bugs Heteropterodea true bugs Heteroptera true bugs Euheteroptera Neoheteroptera Panheteroptera Pentatomomorpha Pentatomoidea Clypeorrhyncha Cicadomorpha Clypeorrhyncha Cicadelloidea Membracoidea Cicadelloidea Sternorrhyncha aphids Aphidiformes aphids Aphidomorpha aphids Aphidiformes aphids scale insects scale insects Coccoidea scale insects scale insects Aphidoidea Holometabola Endopterygota Holometabola deuterostomes Deuterostomia deuterostomes heterokonts Chromophyta Heterokonta Straminipila Stramenopiles heterokonts Chromophyta Heterokonta Straminipila "Phytomonas" Bergey et al. 1923 Xanthomonas "Phytomonas" Bergey et al. 1923 angiosperms flowering plants Angiospermae Magnoliophyta flowering plants Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida angiosperms flowering plants Angiospermae Magnoliophyta flowering plants Centrospermae Caryophyllales Centrospermae Streptophyta Pecora Rhizobiaceae group Rhizobiales alpha-2 proteobacteria rhizobacteria Hyphomicrobiales Rhizobiaceae group Rhizobiales alpha-2 proteobacteria rhizobacteria BEP clade BOP clade BEP clade buckwheat family Polygonaceae buckwheat family Violales Violanae Malpighiales Violales Violanae Mononychellus Capparales Brassicales Capparales Cruciferae mustard family Brassicaceae Cruciferae mustard family Raphanus radish Raphanus sativus radish Agromonas Bradyrhizobium Agromonas Rhizobium japonicum Bradyrhizobium japonicum Rhizobium japonicum Haplorrhini Phytomyxa Rhizobacterium Rhizobium Phytomyxa Rhizobacterium pea family Leguminosae Fabaceae pea family Leguminosae Rhizobium loti Mesorhizobium loti Rhizobium loti Coreoidea Faboideae Papilionoideae Faboideae Arachis goober ground-nut peanut Arachis hypogaea goober ground-nut peanut Ensifer meliloti Rhizobium meliloti Sinorhizobium meliloti Ensifer meliloti Rhizobium meliloti Cajanus pigeon pea Cajanus cajan pigeon pea Cicer chickpea garbanzo Cicer arietinum chickpea garbanzo Crotalaria sunn hemp Crotalaria juncea sunn hemp Bacillus francki Phytomyxa leguminosarum Rhizobacterium leguminosarum Rhizobium trifoli Rhizobium trifolii Schinzia leguminosarum Rhizobium leguminosarum Bacillus francki Phytomyxa leguminosarum Rhizobacterium leguminosarum Rhizobium trifoli Rhizobium trifolii Schinzia leguminosarum Eragrostis Glycine The soybean or soya bean (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and tofu skin are made. Fermented soy foods include soy sauce, fermented bean paste, nattō, and tempeh. soya bean soybean glycine max soybean soybeans Glycine max (L.) Merr. Phaseolus max Glycine max soybean soybeans Phaseolus max Lathyrus Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii chickling vetch white pea Lathyrus sativus chickling vetch white pea Lens Lens <eudicots> Lens lentil Lens esculenta Lens culinaris lentil Lens esculenta Lupinus medics Medicago medics alfalfa lucerne Medicago sativa subsp. sativa Medicago sativa alfalfa lucerne Medicago sativa subsp. sativa Poales Phaseolus French bean kidney bean string bean Phaseolus vulgaris French bean kidney bean string bean Sesbania Trifolium Vicia CsCMV Cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV) Cassava common mosaic virus CsCMV Cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV) broad bean faba bean fava bean Vicia faba broad bean faba bean fava bean spring vetch tare Vicia sativa spring vetch tare Vigna cowpea Phaseolus unguiculatus Vigna unguiculata cowpea Phaseolus unguiculatus mosquito ferns Azolla mosquito ferns Potyviridae spurge family Euphorbiaceae spurge family Manihot cassava manioc tapioca yuca Manihot utilissima Manihot esculenta cassava manioc tapioca yuca Manihot utilissima Mucuna Dioscoreales mammals mammals Mammalia mammals mammals Solananae Solanales Solananae nightshade family Solanaceae nightshade family Solanum Polyphaga Polyphaga <beetles> Polyphaga Cucujiformia potato potatoes Solanum tuberosum potato potatoes Oulema BANA domain Bradyrhizobiaceae Bradyrhizobiaceae Garrity et al. 2006 Bradyrhizobium group alpha-2 proteobacteria Nitrobacteraceae BANA domain Bradyrhizobiaceae Bradyrhizobiaceae Garrity et al. 2006 Bradyrhizobium group alpha-2 proteobacteria waterleaf family Hydrophyllaceae waterleaf family Neopterygi Neopterygii Neopterygi Solanoideae Solaneae Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis Xanthomonas manihotis Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis Xanthomonas manihotis Asilomorpha Muscomorpha Asilomorpha Schizophora Acalyptratae Opomyzoidea monocots monocotyledons Monocotyledoneae monocots Liliopsida monocots monocotyledons Monocotyledoneae monocots grass family Bambusaceae Gramineae Poaceae grass family Bambusaceae Gramineae Eleusine finger millet Eleusine coracana finger millet barleys Hordeum barleys barley Hordeum vulgare barley Dikarya Oryza Asian cultivated rice red rice rice Oryza sativa Asian cultivated rice red rice rice bulrush millet cattail millet pearl millet Pennisetum americanum Pennisetum glaucum Pennisetum typhoides Pennisetum typhoideum Setaria glauca Cenchrus americanus bulrush millet cattail millet pearl millet Pennisetum americanum Pennisetum glaucum Pennisetum typhoides Pennisetum typhoideum Setaria glauca Hemisorghum Sorghum Hemisorghum Triticum Canadian hard winter wheat bread wheat common wheat wheat Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum Triticum vulgare Triticum aestivum Canadian hard winter wheat bread wheat common wheat wheat Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum Triticum vulgare Euchlaena Zea Euchlaena maize Zea mays var. japonica Zea mays maize Zea mays var. japonica Cenchrus Chlorochroa Chlorochroa ligata Scitamineae Zingiberiflorae Zingiberales Scitamineae Zingiberiflorae banana family Musaceae banana family Musa ginger family Zingiberaceae Zingiber yam family Dioscoreaceae yam family Commelinidae Commeliniflorae commelinids Commelinidae Commeliniflorae Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., 1884 Glomerella cingulata Glomerella rufomaculans-vaccinii Gnomoniopsis cingulata Vermicularia gloeosporioides Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., 1884 Glomerella cingulata Glomerella rufomaculans-vaccinii Gnomoniopsis cingulata Vermicularia gloeosporioides Mycota fungi Fungi Mycota fungi Oomycetes Peronosporomycetes oomycetes Oomycota Oomycetes Peronosporomycetes oomycetes Peronosporales downy mildews Peronosporaceae downy mildews Phytophthora potato late blight potato late blight agent potato late blight fungus Botrytis infestans Phytophthora infestans potato late blight potato late blight agent potato late blight fungus Botrytis infestans Cyclorrhapha Eremoneura ascomycetes sac fungi ascomycete fungi Ascomycota ascomycetes sac fungi ascomycete fungi Diabrotica true insects insects Insecta true insects insects Glomerella Colletotrichum Glomerella Sesbanieae algae PX clade algae vascular plants vascular plants Tracheophyta vascular plants vascular plants seed plants seed plants Spermatophyta seed plants seed plants Eumetazoa Galerucinae Luperini Criocerinae molluscs mollusks molluscs Mollusca molluscs mollusks molluscs gastropods gastropods Gastropoda gastropods gastropods land snails Stylommatophora land snails Arionidae Arion arthropods arthropods Arthropoda arthropods arthropods Tymovirales Flexiviridae Alphaflexiviridae Flexiviridae Glomerellaceae Mesorhizobium chelicerates Chelicerata chelicerates arachnids arachnids Arachnida arachnids arachnids Mesorhizobium/Phyllobacterium group Phyllobacteriaceae Mesorhizobium/Phyllobacterium group mites and ticks Acarina mites & ticks Acari mites and ticks Acarina mites & ticks Acariformes Prostigmata insects Atelocerata Tracheata Uniramia hexapods Hexapoda insects Atelocerata Tracheata Uniramia hexapods Saltatoria grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids Orthoptera Saltatoria grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids grasshoppers and locusts grasshoppers Caelifera grasshoppers and locusts grasshoppers beetles beetles Coleoptera beetles beetles Dicotyledoneae dicots dicotyledons eudicots eudicotyledons Dicotyledoneae dicots dicotyledons eudicots Asteridae asterids Asteridae Rosidae rosids Rosidae flies flies Diptera flies flies Chrysomeliformia Phytophaga Chrysomeloidea Chrysomeliformia Phytophaga sordariomyceta saccharomyceta leotiomyceta Fabales Brachycera water-ferns Hydropteridales Salviniales water-ferns Hydropteridales Cutleriales Cutleriaceae Cutleria Cutleria multifida Pterygota winged insects Pterygota <insects> Pterygota winged insects Eragrostidinae Eleusininae bugs Hemiptera bugs chordates chordates Chordata chordates chordates Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates Vertebrata <vertebrates> Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Gnathostomata <vertebrates> Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Trigonella Trigonella foenumgraecum fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum Trigonella foenumgraecum fenugreek euphyllophytes Euphyllophyta euphyllophytes fish fishes ray-finned fishes Actinopterygi Osteichthyes bony fishes Actinopterygii fish fishes ray-finned fishes Actinopterygi Osteichthyes bony fishes Phacelia catfishes Siluriformes catfishes Rhizobiaceae Sarcopterygii Trombidiformes Eleutherengonides Eleutherengona Eleutherengonides Tetranychoidea Dicondylia Arionacea Arionoidea Arionacea Panarthropoda domestic water buffalo river buffalo water buffalo Bos bubalis Bubalus arnee bubalis Bubalus bubalis domestic water buffalo river buffalo water buffalo Bos bubalis Bubalus arnee bubalis Craniata Craniata <chordates> Craniata whales, hippos, ruminants, pigs, camels etc. Cetartiodactyla even-toed ungulates Artiodactyla whales, hippos, ruminants, pigs, camels etc. Cetartiodactyla even-toed ungulates core eudicots core eudicotyledons Gunneridae core eudicots core eudicotyledons eurosids I fabids eurosids I malvids euasterids I lamiids euasterids I eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals Eutheria eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals unclassified Alphaflexiviridae ginger Zingiber officinale Phacelia tanacetifolia primate Primata primates Primates Catarrhini great apes Pongidae Hominidae humans Homo human man Homo sapiens Panpulmonata Proboscidea elephants Proboscidea <placentals> Proboscidea elephants elephants Elephantidae elephants Elephas Asian elephant Asiatic elephant Indian elephant elephant Elephas maximus Asian elephant Asiatic elephant Indian elephant elephant odd-toed ungulates odd-toed ungulates Perissodactyla odd-toed ungulates odd-toed ungulates horses Equidae horses Amerhippus Asinus Dolichohippus Equus subg. Amerhippus Equus subg. Asinus Equus subg. Dolichohippus Equus subg. Equus Equus subg. Hemionus Equus subg. Hippotigris Equus subgen. Sussemionus Hemionus Hippotigris Sussemionus Equus Amerhippus Asinus Dolichohippus Equus subg. Amerhippus Equus subg. Asinus Equus subg. Dolichohippus Equus subg. Equus Equus subg. Hemionus Equus subg. Hippotigris Equus subgen. Sussemionus Hemionus Hippotigris Sussemionus African ass African wild ass Somali wild ass ass domestic ass donkey Equus asinus African ass African wild ass Somali wild ass ass domestic ass donkey domestic horse equine horse Equus przewalskii f. caballus Equus przewalskii forma caballus Equus caballus domestic horse equine horse Equus przewalskii f. caballus Equus przewalskii forma caballus Brassiceae Tylopoda Camelidae Camelus Arabian camel camel dromedaries dromedary dromedary camel one-humped camel Camelus dromedarius Arabian camel camel dromedaries dromedary dromedary camel one-humped camel Ruminantia Bovidae oxen, cattle Bos oxen, cattle bovine cattle cow dairy cow domestic cattle domestic cow ox oxen Bos bovis Bos primigenius taurus Bos taurus bovine cattle cow dairy cow domestic cattle domestic cow ox oxen Bos bovis Bos primigenius taurus Bubalus planned process A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. planned process a regulatory role involved with making and/or enforcing relevant legislation and governmental orders regulator role Biological_feature_identification_objective is an objective role carried out by the proposition defining the aim of a study designed to examine or characterize a particular biological feature. biological feature identification objective a role which inheres in material entities and is realized in the processes of making, enforcing or being defined by legislation or orders issued by a governmental body. regulatory role a role realized through the process of supplying materials such as animal subjects, reagents or other materials used in an investigation. material supplier role A data set that is produced as the output of a class prediction data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned class labels. classified data set Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. processed material investigation a planned process that consists of parts: planning, study design execution, documentation and which produce conclusion(s). investigation a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role evaluant role A planned process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. assay A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material material processing a role borne by a material entity that is gained during a specimen collection process and that can be realized by use of the specimen in an investigation specimen role An intervention design is a study design in which a controlled process applied to the subjects (the intervention) serves as the independent variable manipulated by the experimentalist. The treatment (perturbation or intervention) defined can be defined as a combination of values taken by independent variable manipulated by the experimentalists are applied to the recruited subjects assigned (possibly by applying specific methods) to treatment groups. The specificity of intervention design is the fact that independent variables are being manipulated and a response of the biological system is evaluated via response variables as monitored by possibly a series of assays. intervention design a population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area population A role borne by an entity and that is realized in a process that is part of an investigation in which an objective is achieved. These processes include, among others: planning, overseeing, funding, reviewing. investigation agent role An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. organization Organism_feature_identification_objective is a biological_feature_identification_objective role describing a study designed to examine or characterize a biological feature monitored at the level of the organism, e.g. height, weight, stage of development, stage of life cycle. organism feature identification objective A plan specification which has sufficient level of detail and quantitative information to communicate it between investigation agents, so that different investigation agents will reliably be able to independently reproduce the process. protocol is a process with the objective to place a material entity bearing the 'material to be added role' into a material bearing the 'target of material addition role'. adding a material entity into a target material to be added role is a protocol participant role realized by a material which is added into a material bearing the target of material addition role in a material addition process material to be added role A planned process in which data gathered in an investigation is evaluated in the context of existing knowledge with the objective to generate more general conclusions or to conclude that the data does not allow one to draw general conclusion drawing a conclusion based on data a process of creating or modifying a plan specification planning An averaging objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to perform mean calculations on the input of the data transformation. averaging objective is the specification of an objective to add a material into a target material. The adding is asymmetric in the sense that the target material largely retains its identity adding material objective an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role) assay objective target of material addition role is a role realized by an entity into which a material is added in a material addition process target of material addition role A regulatory agency is a organization that has responsibility over or for the legislation (acts and regulations) for a given sector of the government. regulatory agency an objective specifiction that creates an specific output object from input materials. material transformation objective Manufacturing is a process with the intent to produce a processed material which will have a function for future use. A person or organization (having manufacturer role) is a participant in this process manufacturing is the objective to manufacture a material of a certain function (device) manufacturing objective study design execution a planned process that carries out a study design study design execution Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process. manufacturer role A data set that is produced as the output of a class discovery data transformation and consists of a data set with assigned discovered class labels. clustered data set is a material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output. material combination A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen. specimen collection process A class prediction data transformation (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class prediction. class prediction data transformation A data item that is produced as the output of a center calculation data transformation and represents the center value of the input data. center value A data item that is produced as the output of an averaging data transformation and represents the average value of the input data. average value A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation. specimen collection objective is an objective to obtain an output material that contains several input materials. material combination objective A support vector machine is a data transformation with a class prediction objective based on the construction of a separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin between two data sets of vectors in n-dimensional space. support vector machine A decision tree induction objective is a data transformation objective in which a tree-like graph of edges and nodes is created and from which the selection of each branch requires that some type of logical decision is made. decision tree induction objective A decision tree building data transformation is a data transformation that has objective decision tree induction. decision tree building data transformation a software that provides access to more than 100 tools for gene expression analysis, proteomics, SNP analysis and common data processing tasks. GenePattern software Peak matching is a data transformation performed on a dataset of a graph of ordered data points (e.g. a spectrum) with the objective of pattern matching local maxima above a noise threshold peak matching A k-nearest neighbors is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, in which an input data object with vector y is assigned to a class label based upon the k closest training data set points to y; where k is the largest value that class label is assigned. k-nearest neighbors A material sample role is a specimen role borne by a material entity that is the output of a material sampling process. material sample role A specimen gathering process with the objective to obtain a specimen that is representative of the input material entity material sampling process A material entity that has the material sample role material sample A CART (classification and regression trees) is a data transformation method for producing a classification or regression model with a tree-based structure. CART a directive information entity that is part of a study design. Independent variables are entities whose values are selected to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). In such an experiment, an attempt is made to find evidence that the values of the independent variable determine the values of the dependent variable (that which is being measured). The independent variable can be changed as required, and its values do not represent a problem requiring explanation in an analysis, but are taken simply as given. The dependent variable on the other hand, usually cannot be directly controlled study design independent variable A data transformation which assesses how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set. statistical model validation An organization formed with a goal to have its members conduct investigations research organization A person or organization that has a manufacturer role manufacturer the part of the execution of an intervention design study which is varied between two or more subjects in the study study intervention a process that achieves a training objective training process is a role which inheres in a person or organization and is realized in in a planned process which provides access to training, materials or execution of protocols for an organization or person service provider role A specimen that has been intentionally physically modified. processed specimen An objective specification which is fulfilled by the provision of some training. training objective A label that is part of a categorical datum and that indicates the value of the data item on the categorical scale. categorical label a directive information entity that describes the dose that will be administered to a target dose specification A document with a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study. questionnaire a material transformation objective aims to create genetically modified organism or cell genetic transformation objective An age measurement datum that is the result of the measurement of the age of an organism since planting, the process of placing a plant in media (e.g. soil) to allow it to grow, which excludes sowing. age since planting measurement datum An age measurement datum that is the result of the measurement of the age of an organism since germination, the process consisting of physiological and developmental changes by a seed, spore, pollen grain (microspore), or zygote that occur after release from dormancy, and encompassing events prior to and including the first visible indications of growth. age since germination measurement datum An age measurement datum that is the result of the measurement of the age of an organism since sowing, the process of placing a seed or spore in some media with the intention to invoke germination. age since sowing measurement datum A time measurement datum that is the result of measurement of age of an organism age measurement datum an objective specification to generate a population or type of organism within species that have some uniform behavioral, morphological, physiological, or genetic characteristics with similarly bred organisms. selective organism creation objective An organism that is bred to have some uniform behavioral, morphological, physiological, or genetic characteristics with similarly bred organisms selectively maintained organism A study design in which the pathological condition of a part, organ, or system of an organism is studied. The etiology may be from infection, genetic defect, or environmental stress. disease state design A study design that assays differences between multiple strains, cultivars, serovars, isolates, lines from organisms of a single species. strain comparison design A scalar measurement datum that represents the number of events occuring over a time interval rate measurement datum A measurement datum that is the measure of the latitude coordinate of a site. latitude coordinate measurement datum A measurement datum that is the measure of the longitude coordinate of a site. longitude coordinate measurement datum An information content entity that is inferred from data. conclusion based on data A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories categorical value specification 1 1 A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label scalar value specification An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale. value specification An organization that provides funding support for projects such as investigations. grant agency A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts. collection of specimens A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th Edition grading system. histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System. histologic grade according to the Fuhrman Nuclear Grading System A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a ovarian tumor. histologic grade for ovarian tumor A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a two-tier histological classification of tumors. histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to a two-tier grading system A histologic grade for ovarian tumor that is from a histological classification by the World Health Organization (WHO). histologic grade for ovarian tumor according to the World Health Organization A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. pathologic primary tumor stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. pathologic primary tumor stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. pathologic lymph node stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. pathologic lymph node stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colon cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. pathologic distant metastases stage for colon according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. pathologic distant metastases stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a cancer according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) v7 staging systems. clinical tumor stage group according to AJCC 7th edition A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a gynecologic cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the FIGO classification system. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics ovarian cancer stage value specification A categorical value specification that is an assessment of a participant's performance status (general well-being and activities of daily life). performance status value specification A performance status value specification designed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group to assess disease progression and its affect on the daily living abilities of the patient. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score value specification A performance status value specification designed for classifying patients 16 years of age or older by their functional impairment. Karnofsky score vaue specification A person or organization that provides material supplies to other people or organizations. material supplier A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. organism organism A material entity that has the specimen role. specimen data transformation A planned process that produces output data from input data. data transformation is a data transformation : leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) involves using a single observation from the original sample as the validation data, and the remaining observations as the training data. This is repeated such that each observation in the sample is used once as the validation data leave one out cross validation method A k-means clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, which takes as input a collection of objects (represented as points in multidimensional space) and which partitions them into a specified number k of clusters. The algorithm attempts to find the centers of natural clusters in the data. The most common form of the algorithm starts by partitioning the input points into k initial sets, either at random or using some heuristic data. It then calculates the mean point, or centroid, of each set. It constructs a new partition by associating each point with the closest centroid. Then the centroids are recalculated for the new clusters, and the algorithm repeated by alternate applications of these two steps until convergence, which is obtained when the points no longer switch clusters (or alternatively centroids are no longer changed). k-means clustering A hierarchical clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery objective, which takes as input data item and builds a hierarchy of clusters. The traditional representation of this hierarchy is a tree (visualized by a dendrogram), with the individual input objects at one end (leaves) and a single cluster containing every object at the other (root). hierarchical clustering A dimensionality reduction is data partitioning which transforms each input m-dimensional vector (x_1, x_2, ..., x_m) into an output n-dimensional vector (y_1, y_2, ..., y_n), where n is smaller than m. dimensionality reduction A principal components analysis dimensionality reduction is a dimensionality reduction achieved by applying principal components analysis and by keeping low-order principal components and excluding higher-order ones. principal components analysis dimensionality reduction An planned process that creates images, diagrams or animations from the input data. data visualization An objective specification to transformation input data into output data data transformation objective An averaging data transformation is a data transformation that has objective averaging. averaging data transformation A partitioning data transformation is a data transformation that has objective partitioning. partitioning data transformation A partitioning objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to generate a collection of disjoint non-empty subsets whose union equals a non-empty input set. partitioning objective A class discovery data transformation (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class discovery. class discovery data transformation A center calculation objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to calculate the center of an input data set. center calculation objective A class discovery objective (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to organize input data (typically vectors of attributes) into classes, where the number of classes and their specifications are not known a priori. Depending on usage, the class assignment can be definite or probabilistic. class discovery objective A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data. class prediction objective A center calculation data transformation is a data transformation that has objective of center calculation. center calculation data transformation A cross validation objective is a data transformation objective in which the aim is to partition a sample of data into subsets such that the analysis is initially performed on a single subset, while the other subset(s) are retained for subsequent use in confirming and validating the initial analysis. cross validation objective A data visualization which has input of a clustered data set and produces an output of a report graph which is capable of rendering data of this type. clustered data visualization A pool of specimens is a mixture of a population of samples which have been gathered from one or more sample populations, obtained by the physical process of mixing individual specimens, e.g. mixing the DNA collected from the individual fish. pool of specimens study design A plan specification comprised of protocols (which may specify how and what kinds of data will be gathered) that are executed as part of an investigation and is realized during a study design execution. study design A randomized complete block design is_a study design which assigns randomly treatments to block. The number of units per block equals the number of treatment so each block receives each treatment exactly once (hence the qualifier 'complete'). The design was originally devised from field trials used in agronomy and agriculture. The analysis assumes that there is no interaction between block and treatment. The method was then used in other settings So The randomised complete block design is a design in which the subjects are matched according to a variable which the experimenter wishes to control. The subjects are put into groups (blocks) of the same size as the number of treatments. The members of each block are then randomly assigned to different treatment groups. randomized complete block design Latin square design is_a study design which allows in its simpler form controlling 2 levels of nuisance variables (also known as blocking variables).he 2 nuisance factors are divided into a tabular grid with the property that each row and each column receive each treatment exactly once. latin square design 1 A process by which a substance is intentionally given to an organism resulting in exposure of the organism to that substance. administering substance in vivo a material that is added to another one in a material combination process material to be added A material entity into which another is being added in a material combinatino process target of material addition A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. disease The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized. disease course A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality (PATO) trait quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position. velocity speed A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. age A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. colour relative color color A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. PATOC:GVG A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. composed of compositionality content structure, composition composition A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. concentration concentration of A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/concentration A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's orientation in space. direction A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's orientation in space. thesaurus.maths:thesaurus.maths A quality that is the extent of space between two entities. distance A quality that is the extent of space between two entities. PATOC:GVG A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. frequency A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/frequency A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced impenetrability toughness hardness A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's possessing or displaying a distinctive feature in type or degree or effect or force. intensity morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). relational shape quality shape A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. temporal incidence occurrence A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. distribution pattern spatial pattern A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. PATOC:GVG qualitative A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. deviation (from_normal) The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. presence or absence in organism quantitative count in organism number presence amount The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. PATOC:GVG A quality that exists by virtue of being a particular point in the time of a cycle. phase A quality that exists by virtue of being a particular point in the time of a cycle. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation. sensitivity sensitivity toward A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. size A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. WordNet:WordNet A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. height A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension. PATOC:GVG length A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. length A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. PATOC:GVG mass A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. mass A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. Important usage note: Note that this ontology has a class for a similar concept, mass (PATO:0000125). Mass and weight are not equivalent. For most use cases, the class mass is strongly preferred over weight. weight A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. Important usage note: Note that this ontology has a class for a similar concept, mass (PATO:0000125). Mass and weight are not equivalent. For most use cases, the class mass is strongly preferred over weight. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass#Weight_vs._mass A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement which is defined by the angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object. angular placement amount of rotation angle angular magnitude plane angle orientation A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement which is defined by the angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object. PATOC:JE A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. location placement relational spatial quality position A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. conformation relational structural quality structure A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATOC:GVG conformation VT:1000738 A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. temperature A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. PATOC:GVG A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. texture A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's sensitivity towards a fixed location or value where a change is observed; upper limit. threshold A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's sensitivity towards a fixed location or value where a change is observed; upper limit. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. rate A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. PATOC:melissa A quality in which events occur in sequence. time A quality in which events occur in sequence. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single physical entity which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits a state of growth, differentiation, or development. maturity A quality of a single physical entity which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits a state of growth, differentiation, or development. Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Webster A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. fertility A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. PATOC:GVG A color that lacks any hues as parts. black A color that lacks any hues as parts. PATOC:GVG An achromatic color of maximum brightness; the color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible wavelengths. whitish white An achromatic color of maximum brightness; the color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible wavelengths. Dictionary:http://dictionary.reference.com/ A color hue with medium wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between orange and green, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 570 to 590 nanometers. yellow A color hue with medium wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between orange and green, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 570 to 590 nanometers. Dictionary:http://dictionary.reference.com/ A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure. firm impenetrable tough hard A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature. plate-like flat A size quality which is relatively low. hypoplasia underdeveloped reduced small tiny decreased size A thickness which is relatively low. low thickness slender thin decreased thickness A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's irregular surface. coarse rough A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's irregular surface. PATOC:GVG A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. thickness A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. WordNet:WordNet A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. volume A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. PATOC:GVG A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. breadth width A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. PATOC:GVG A color between white and black colors. plumbeous grey A color between white and black colors. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity. brown A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. opacity An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. PATOC:GVG A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. non-transparent clouding cloudy opaque A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. clear hyaline transparent A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. PATOC:GVG A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. porosity A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. PATOC:GVG A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. porous A physical quality of a liquid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. viscosity A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. viscous physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. relational physical quality physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATOC:GVG A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size. density mass density A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size. WordNet:WordNet A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's capacity to do work. energy A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's capacity to do work. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. pressure A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. PATOC:GVG A physical quality which is equal to the energy transferred by a force to a moving object. W work A physical quality which is equal to the energy transferred by a force to a moving object. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of ratio of the bearer's output to the bearer's input. efficiency A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of ratio of the bearer's output to the bearer's input. WordNet:WordNet A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum. force amplitude force A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum. thesaurus.maths:thesaurus.maths A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's length being notably higher than its width. elongated A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel. linear A quality which inheres in an process. quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent process quality A quality which inheres in an process. PATOC:GVG physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG A color consisting of yellow hue and high brightness. blond light yellow A color consisting of yellow hue and high brightness. PATOC:GVG A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality An EM radiation quality that is independent of the EM wavelength range. full-spectrum EM radiation quality An EM radiation quality that is independent of the EM wavelength range. PATOC:GVG A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to scatter or reflect radiation. radiation reflective quality A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to scatter or reflect radiation. PATOC:GVG A reflective quality restricted to a particular wavelength. albedo A reflective quality restricted to a particular wavelength. PATOC:cjm An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. optical quality An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. PATOC:GVG A temperature which is relatively high. high temperature hot increased temperature A temperature which is relatively low. cold low temperature decreased temperature A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. period time duration A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. PATOC:mellybelly A 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent. area A 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of distinct morphology. amorphous A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. diameter A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given area. area density A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given area. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_density A density quality which is equal to the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object. linear density A density quality which is equal to the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensional object. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_density A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given volume. volumetric density A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given volume. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_density A shape quality that obtains by virtue of the bearer having inward facing edges; having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere. convex A shape quality that obtains by virtue of the bearer having inward facing edges; having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having distinct structure. structured A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking distinct structure. unstructured A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base. medium acidity A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base. chemicool:chemicool An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce new life or offspring. reproductive quality An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce new life or offspring. WordNet:WordNet A sensitivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's dependence on oxygen. sensitivity to oxygen A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's independence on oxygen. anaerobic A quality that is equal to the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static (time-invariant) electric field, also called the electrostatic potential. electric potential A quality that is equal to the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static (time-invariant) electric field, also called the electrostatic potential. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude in respect to a related entity. proportion proportionality quotient ratio rate proportionality to A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude in respect to a related entity. PATOC:nw A position which is relatively high. high position increased position A positional which is relatively low. low position decreased position A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an oblique or slanted direction. sloped A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being intricate and compounded. complexity A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being intricate and compounded. WordNet:WordNet A complexity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being intricate and compounded. complex A complexity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being intricate and compounded. WordNet:WordNet A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. flexibility A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. stiff stiffness inflexible A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. solidity quality of a solid A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. gaseous quality of a gas A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/gasdefinition.htm PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. liquidity quality of a liquid The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. extra or missing physical or functional parts has or lacks parts of type mereological quality number of cardinality number has number of The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. PATOC:CJM A mass which is higher than normal or average. high mass large mass increased mass A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's motion characteristic. flow rate A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's motion characteristic. WordNet:WordNet A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium. conductivity A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium. PATOC:GVG A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. curvature A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimension. depth A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimension. WordNet:WordNet A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. osmolarity A osmolarity which is relatively high. high osmolarity increased osmolarity A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface. elevation A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface. Trailillustrated:Trailillustrated An elevation which is relatively high. high elevation elevated increased elevation An elevation which is relatively low. low elevation decreased elevation A viscosity which relatively high. high viscosity increased viscosity A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting complete growth, differentiation, or development. mature A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting complete growth, differentiation, or development. Merriam-Webster:Merriam-Webster A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. 1-D size 1-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. PATOC:GVG A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions. 2-D size 2-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions. PATOC:GVG A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. 3D size 3-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. PATOC:GVG An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entitity by natural process. shedability A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being between evergeen and deciduous. semi-deciduous(plant) A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation. radiation quality A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to convey electricity. electrical conductivity A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to convey electricity. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_conduction A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules. granular A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to multiple locations. multi-focal multi-localised A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to multiple locations. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wetness A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wordreference.com:wordreference.com A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wet A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid. PATOC:GVG A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid. dry A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid. PATOC:GVG A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). pH acidity A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). biology-online:biology-online A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. concave A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. WordNet:WordNet A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. rod-like rod-shaped tubulate cylindrical A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement. movement quality A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point. frozen A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. PATOC:CJM Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. concavity Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. PATOC:MAH A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. convex 3-D shape A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. structure, cavities physical quality of a process A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's layered configuration. stratification A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a layered configuration. stratified A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. hollow A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. laminar sloped downward A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being free of curves, bends, or angles. straight A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being free of curves, bends, or angles. merriam-webster:merriam-webster A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position. displaced A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. relational molecular quality molecular quality A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. quality of a substance A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being roundish, flattish shape, possibly with a slightly angled edge. plate-like platelike A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane. compressed flattened A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. 3-D shape A cylindrical shape that is hollow. tube like tube-shaped tubulate tubular A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased quality A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased quality A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased object quality A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. temporal distribution quality A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. PATOC:LC An orientation inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement at an angle. angle An orientation inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement at an angle. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content. humidity A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content. https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/90 An increase in humidity. humid increased humidity The propensity of a material to undergo combustion. Combustion encompasses smouldering and flaming combustion. Combustibility is usually applied to solids. combustibility The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) rate of occurence The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-9018 A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids. collection of organisms A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place. population of organisms A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members. ecological community A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species. single-species collection of organisms A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species. multi-species collection of organisms A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids. organismal entity A plant experimental condition (PECO:0007359) or set of conditions describing the application of an abiotic (PECO:0007191) or biotic plant exposure (PECO:0007357) or the combinatorial application thereof. plant treatment (narrow) plant exposure A plant experimental condition (PECO:0007359) or set of conditions describing the application of an abiotic (PECO:0007191) or biotic plant exposure (PECO:0007357) or the combinatorial application thereof. PECO:cooperl A fungal plant exposure (PECO:0007233) involving the exposure of plant to the pathogen belonging to Glomeromyetes class. Glomeromycota treatment (narrow) Glomeromycota exposure A fungal plant exposure (PECO:0007233) involving the exposure of plant to the pathogen belonging to Glomeromyetes class. PECO:laura_moore A Glomeromycota exposure (PECO:0001058) involving the exposure of compatible plants to mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal treatment (narrow) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal exposure A Glomeromycota exposure (PECO:0001058) involving the exposure of compatible plants to mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. PECO:laura_moore loam content treatment (narrow) loam content exposure An exposure involving growing plants in soil growth media with varying contents. soil environment treatment (narrow) soil environment exposure An exposure involving growing plants in soil growth media with varying contents. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal An exposure involving growing plants in varying textures of soil growth media. soil texture treatment (narrow) soil texture exposure An exposure involving growing plants in varying textures of soil growth media. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal An exposure involving growing plants in a sandy soil growth media. sand content treatment (narrow) sand content exposure An exposure involving growing plants in a sandy soil growth media. PECO:cooperl An exposure involving growing plants in a growth media containing organic matter. organic matter content treatment (narrow) organic matter content exposure An exposure involving growing plants in a growth media containing organic matter. PECO:cooperl An exposure involving growing plants in a silty soil growth media. silt content treatment (narrow) silt content exposure An exposure involving growing plants in a silty soil growth media. PECO:cooperl An exposure involving growing plants in a clay soil growth media. clay content treatment (narrow) clay content exposure An exposure involving growing plants in a clay soil growth media. PECO:cooperl An abiotic plant exposure (PECO:0007191) involving the use of a solid or liquid substrate for growing plants or tissue-cultured plant samples. plant growth medium treatment (narrow) plant growth medium exposure An abiotic plant exposure (PECO:0007191) involving the use of a solid or liquid substrate for growing plants or tissue-cultured plant samples. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PECO:cooperl A plant exposure (PECO:0001001) involving the application of chemical or non-biological factors. abiotic plant treatment (narrow) abiotic plant exposure A plant exposure (PECO:0001001) involving the application of chemical or non-biological factors. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PECO:cooperl A biotic plant exposure (PECO:0007357) involving exposure of a plant to a fungus or a combination of fungi. fungal plant treatment (narrow) fungal plant exposure A biotic plant exposure (PECO:0007357) involving exposure of a plant to a fungus or a combination of fungi. Gramene:ivy NCBI_taxid:4751 A plant exposure (PECO:0001001) involving the application of a biotic or biological factor such as a microbe, insect, animal, or plant or a combination thereof. biotic plant treatment (narrow) biotic plant exposure A plant exposure (PECO:0001001) involving the application of a biotic or biological factor such as a microbe, insect, animal, or plant or a combination thereof. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PECO:cooperl A plant exposure (PECO:0001001) and/or study type (PECO:0007231) applied to a whole plant (PO:0000003), a plant structure (PO:00090119), and/or a plant population as part of an experiment to evaluate the plant response. plant treatment ontology (related) treatment ontology (related) plant experimental condition A plant exposure (PECO:0001001) and/or study type (PECO:0007231) applied to a whole plant (PO:0000003), a plant structure (PO:00090119), and/or a plant population as part of an experiment to evaluate the plant response. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PECO:cooperl A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. genet (broad) ramet (broad) PO_GIT:538 PO_GIT:69 planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) bush (narrow) frutex (narrow) frutices (narrow) gametophyte (narrow) herb (narrow) liana (narrow) prothalli (narrow) prothallium (narrow) prothallus (narrow) seedling (narrow) shrub (narrow) sporophyte (narrow) suffrutex (narrow) suffrutices (narrow) tree (narrow) vine (narrow) woody clump (narrow) plant_anatomy clonal colony (related) colony (related) PO:0000003 Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). whole plant A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. POC:curators planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki frutex (narrow) FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba frutices (narrow) FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b prothalli (narrow) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 prothallus (narrow) FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 suffrutex (narrow) FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 suffrutices (narrow) FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 woody clump (narrow) FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an ovule (PO:0020003). PO_GIT:465 portion of ovule primordium tissue (exact) primordio de &#243vulo (Spanish, exact) 胚珠原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000018 The transition from ovule primordium to ovule occurs when an integument (PO:0020021) begins to develop from the protoderm (PO:0006210). ovule primordium A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an ovule (PO:0020003). ISBN:0471245208 POC:curators primordio de &#243vulo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 胚珠原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of a gynoecium (PO:0009062). PO_GIT:465 pistil primordium (exact) portion of gynoecium primordium tissue (exact) primordio de gineceo (Spanish, exact) 雌蕊原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000019 Use carpel primordium (PO:0004703) for the primordium (PO:0025127) of an individual carpel (PO:0009030). gynoecium primordium A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of a gynoecium (PO:0009062). POC:curators primordio de gineceo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 雌蕊原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). PO_GIT:234 &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000037 shoot axis apex A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). POC:curators &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An undeveloped shoot system (PO:0009006). yema (Spanish, exact) 芽 (Japanese, exact) adventitious bud (narrow) bud An undeveloped shoot system (PO:0009006). POC:curators yema (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 芽 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki adventitious bud (narrow) FNA:0eed275a-5dae-414a-bf36-81a08e6c6ba9 A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy peripheral meristem (related) PO:0000225 peripheral zone A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. ISBN:0521288959 TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of reproductive shoot apical meristem tissue (PO:0008028) that gives rise to the floral organs (PO:0025395). PO:0006329 PO:0006373 PO:0006374 PO:0025091 floral meristem (exact) mersitema floral (Spanish, exact) 花芽分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) Poaceae floret meristem (narrow) ear floret meristem (narrow) floret meristem (narrow) tassel floret meristem (narrow) plant_anatomy floral apical meristem (related) PO:0000229 In Zea mays and other grasses, the floret meristem is part of a spikelet and develops into a specific type of floret. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the spikelet type that the meristem is part of. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet (PO:0009051), ear spikelet (PO:0006320), ear pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006348), ear sessile spikelet (PO:0006349), tassel spikelet (PO:0006309), tassel pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006312), tassel sessile spikelet (PO:0006311). flower meristem A portion of reproductive shoot apical meristem tissue (PO:0008028) that gives rise to the floral organs (PO:0025395). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:curators mersitema floral (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花芽分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A reproductive shoot system development stage (PO:0025530) that has as primary participant a inflorescence (PO:0009049). PO_GIT:517 plant_structure_development_stage panicle development (related) PO:0001083 inflorescence development stage A reproductive shoot system development stage (PO:0025530) that has as primary participant a inflorescence (PO:0009049). POC:Laurel_Cooper panicle development (related) GRO:0007157 A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. CL:0000034 PO_GIT:272 c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) stem cell (exact) 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0004010 meristematic cell A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A swollen shoot axis (PO:0025029) that grows horizontally at or below the substrate surface and produces shoots above and roots or rhizoids below. PO_GIT:142 rizoma (Spanish, exact) 根茎=root stock (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy rootstock (related) PO:0004542 In ferns and many monocots, a rhizome is a primary axis (stem), while in other species, it is a branch. Usually produces scale-like leaves. rhizome A swollen shoot axis (PO:0025029) that grows horizontally at or below the substrate surface and produces shoots above and roots or rhizoids below. POC:curators rizoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根茎=root stock (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki rootstock (related) FNA:7a04b02c-8ac5-410a-99cd-b68ba80e8f14 A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that develops from a branch (PO:0025073) and is radially enlarged for storage. diaspore (broad) PO_GIT:127 shoot axis branch tuber (exact) tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact) tuber branch (exact) シュート軸塊茎 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0004543 Functions in storage of photosynthate metabolites. This term should be used for tubers derived from branches, as found in Solanum spp. (e.g. potato) or Dioscorea spp. (e.g. yam) and other species. Use the term tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476) for tubers derived from roots, such as those found in Cassava, Ipomoea, or Hemerocallis. shoot axis tuber A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that develops from a branch (PO:0025073) and is radially enlarged for storage. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators shoot axis branch tuber (exact) POC:curators tub&#233rculo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート軸塊茎 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot system that is initiated from a shoot. sucker (broad) turion (broad) sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) que nace en el epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート由来苗条系 (Japanese, exact) branch (related) shoot-borne shoot system A shoot system that is initiated from a shoot. POC:curators turion (broad) FNA:da7c2bd5-34b4-42aa-a036-7b5f71f66d36 sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) que nace en el epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート由来苗条系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot-borne shoot system (PO:0004546) developing from a stem (PO:0009047). stem sucker (exact) tallo epic&#243rmico (Spanish, exact) 後生枝 (Japanese, exact) epicormic shoot system A shoot-borne shoot system (PO:0004546) developing from a stem (PO:0009047). POC:curators tallo epic&#243rmico (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 後生枝 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) that develops below ground. PO_GIT:615 tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact) 地下塊茎 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0004547 Functions in storage of photosynthate metabolites. This term should be used for tubers derived from branches, as found in Solanum spp. (e.g. potato) or Dioscorea spp. (e.g. yam) and other species. Use the term tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476) for tubers derived from roots, such as those found in Cassava, Ipomoea, or Hemerocallis. subterranean shoot axis tuber A shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) that develops below ground. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators tub&#233rculo subterr&#225neo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 地下塊茎 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a carpel anlagen (PO:0006005) and is committed to the development of a carpel (PO:0009030). PO_GIT:465 PO_GIT:466 carpel primordia (exact, plural) portion of carpel primordium tissue (exact) primordio de carpelo (Spanish, exact) 心皮原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0004703 carpel primordium A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a carpel anlagen (PO:0006005) and is committed to the development of a carpel (PO:0009030). POC:curators primordio de carpelo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 心皮原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A bud (PO:0000055) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). yema axilar (Spanish, exact) 腋芽 (Japanese, exact) axillary bud A bud (PO:0000055) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). POC:curators yema axilar (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 腋芽 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An axillary shoot system (PO:0006343) that is part of a stem base (PO:0008039). epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar basal (Spanish, exact) 基底腋枝系 (Japanese, exact) (exact) tiller (narrow) basal axillary branch (related) ratoon (related) basal axillary shoot system An axillary shoot system (PO:0006343) that is part of a stem base (PO:0008039). Gramene:Anuradha_Pujar POC:Laurel_Cooper epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar basal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 基底腋枝系 (Japanese, exact) (exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is between two shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004). PO_GIT:146 internodo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート節間 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0005005 shoot axis internode A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is between two shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators internodo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート節間 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). PO_GIT:467 portion of root primordium tissue (exact) primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) root primordia (exact, plural) 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0005029 A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147). root primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). ISBN:0521288959 POC:curators primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006001 phyllome A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). POC:curators filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a carpel primordium (PO:0004703) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229). PO_GIT:427 esbozo de carpelo (Spanish, exact) 心皮原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006005 carpel anlagen A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a carpel primordium (PO:0004703) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229). PMID:14729915 POC:curators esbozo de carpelo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 心皮原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). PO_GIT:472 PO_GIT:583 meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006079 shoot system meristem A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). PO_GIT:125 portion of protoderm tissue (exact) protodermis (Spanish, exact) 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy dermatogen cell (related) PO:0006210 A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state. protoderm A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper protodermis (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that develops from an inflorescence (PO:0009049) and has as parts each infructescence axis (PO:0025242) and all of the fruits (PO:0009001) borne by those axes. PO_GIT:260 PO_GIT:261 PO_GIT:71 infructescencia (Spanish, exact) 果序 (Japanese, exact) banana bunch (narrow) plant_anatomy fruit bunch (related) PO:0006342 infructescence A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that develops from an inflorescence (PO:0009049) and has as parts each infructescence axis (PO:0025242) and all of the fruits (PO:0009001) borne by those axes. NYBG:Brandon_Sinn POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:Ramona_Walls infructescencia (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 果序 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki banana bunch (narrow) CO_125:0000014 A shoot-borne shoot system (PO:0004545) that develops from an axillary bud (PO:0004709). sistema axilar del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 腋苗条系 (Japanese, exact) Musa sucker (narrow) axillary branch (related) axillary shoot system A shoot-borne shoot system (PO:0004545) that develops from an axillary bud (PO:0004709). POC:curators sistema axilar del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 腋苗条系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki Musa sucker (narrow) CO_125:0000042 A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). PO_GIT:390 plant_structure_development_stage Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related) cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related) maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related) plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related) rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related) sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related) wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related) PO:0007033 whole plant development stage A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). POC:curators A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs. PO_GIT:36 meristema apical reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 生殖シュート頂端 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0008028 reproductive shoot apical meristem A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs. Gramene:Chih-Wei_Tung meristema apical reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 生殖シュート頂端 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki OBSOLETE. A young plant derived from a newly germinated seed. v&#225stago (Spanish, exact) 芽生え、実生 (Japanese, exact) seedling true OBSOLETE. A young plant derived from a newly germinated seed. Gramene:Chih-Wei_Tung v&#225stago (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 芽生え、実生 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010). PO:0020067 PO:0020068 PO:0020069 PO:0020070 PO:0020071 PO:0020072 PO:0020073 PO:0020074 PO:0020076 PO:0020077 PO:0020078 PO:0020079 PO:0020080 PO:0020082 PO:0020083 PO:0020087 PO:0020107 aggregate fruit (broad) compound fruit (broad) dehiscent fruit (broad) diaspore (broad) indehiscent fruit (broad) multiple fruit (broad) propagule (broad) PO_GIT:76 frucht (exact, German) fruto (exact, Spanish) 果実 (exact, Japanese) coenocarp (narrow) syncarp (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009001 A fruit (PO:0009001) may contain additional plant structures (PO:0009011) that were part of a flower (PO:0009046) and mature along with the gynoecium, such as a receptacle (PO:0009064). A fruit may develop without fertilization in cases of parthenocarpy, apomixis, or other hormone-induced conditions and may not always contain seeds (PO:0009010). When annotating to fruit (PO:0009001) that are referred to as ‘aggregate’, ‘multiple’, or ‘compound’, please annotate directly to the appropriate plant structure, such as receptacle, hypanthium (PO:0009065) or infructescence (PO:0006342). Fruits only occur in angiosperms. fruit A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators frucht (exact, German) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere fruto (exact, Spanish) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 果実 (exact, Japanese) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki coenocarp (narrow) FNA:c13b1312-1cc5-4ace-98e2-fde12aec09da syncarp (narrow) FNA:67fa41ae-b735-4d89-b5db-7631b873ef7a A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). cell (broad) GO:0005623 PO_GIT:56 c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009002 Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. plant cell A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). GO:0005623 POC:curators c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. PO:0003006 PO_GIT:578 ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) radices (exact, plural) radix (exact) 根 (Japanese, exact) aerial root (narrow) climbing root (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009005 Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034). root A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. ISBN:978-0879015329 ISBN:9780964022157 NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo radices (exact, plural) FNA:3c46e84c-23e4-416b-91cd-2f7c42e4b13d radix (exact) FNA:e6315684-fc99-4976-b39d-b356c4b7e7fd 根 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki climbing root (narrow) FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. PO_GIT:135 sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) tree crown (narrow) plant_anatomy Poaceae crown (related) shoot (related) thalli (related) thallus (related) PO:0009006 The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system. shoot system A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki thalli (related) FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 thallus (related) FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. portion of tissue (broad) tissue (broad) PO_GIT:59 porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy plant tissue (related) PO:0009007 A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts. portion of plant tissue A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. POC:curators TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. organ (broad) PO_GIT:55 &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy compound plant organ (related) simple plant organ (related) PO:0009008 Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003). plant organ A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. POC:curators &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki simple plant organ (related) PATO:01503 A whole plant (PO:0000003) that participates in the plant embryo stage (PO:0007631). embryo (broad) PO_GIT:92 embri&#243n (Spanish, exact) 植物胚 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy germ (related) PO:0009009 A plant embryo is generally formed after the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423), but in the case of a nucellar (adventitious) plant embryo (PO:0004537), somatic plant embryo (PO:0025302), microspore-derived cultured plant embryo (PO:0025305), and other embryos that arise through apogamy, it begins after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. The end of the embryo stage varies among taxa; the beginning of a seed germination stage (PO:0007057) in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium (PO:0025094) in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ (PO:0009008) such as a root (PO:0009005), shoot axis (PO:0025029), or vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in a cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010). plant embryo A whole plant (PO:0000003) that participates in the plant embryo stage (PO:0007631). POC:curators embri&#243n (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物胚 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a plant ovule (PO:0020003) and has as parts a plant embryo (PO:0009009) enclosed in a seed coat (PO:0009088). diaspore (broad) PO_GIT:405 semilla (Spanish, exact) 種子 (Japanese, exact) pyrene (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009010 A seed generally develops from an ovule (PO:0020003) after fertilization, but may develop without fertilization in the case of apogamy (e.g., adventitious embryos or somatic embryos). A seed is a reproductive unit of seed plants (gymnosperms, angiosperms, and fossil pteridosperms). seed A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a plant ovule (PO:0020003) and has as parts a plant embryo (PO:0009009) enclosed in a seed coat (PO:0009088). POC:curators semilla (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 種子 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki pyrene (narrow) FNA:f5c50e73-61e3-48ec-b918-6f85b3f40738 A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. PO_GIT:57 estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009011 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. plant structure A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. CARO:0000003 POC:curators estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. PO:cooperl A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. PO:0007021 PO_GIT:185 etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) plant growth and development stage (exact) plant_structure_development_stage Arabidopsis growth (related) PO:0009012 Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'. plant structure development stage A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. BFO:0000003 GO:0032502 POC:curators etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo Arabidopsis growth (related) TAIR:0000205 A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. PO_GIT:472 meristem (exact) meristema (Spanish, exact) meristematic tissue (exact) 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009013 portion of meristem tissue A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. APweb:Glossary Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal meristema (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A leaf-like organ on which one or more sporangia are borne. esporofilo (Spanish, exact) spore leaf (exact) 胞子葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009026 sporophyll A leaf-like organ on which one or more sporangia are borne. APweb:Glossary esporofilo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo spore leaf (exact) FNA:301289d5-912b-4db3-af05-73579ecb9ef0 胞子葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A structure upon which (or in the axil of which) one or more megasporangia are borne; in flowering plants, a carpel. megasporofilo (Spanish, exact) 大胞子葉 (Japanese, exact) cone scale (narrow) ovuliferous scale (narrow) plant_anatomy macrosporophyll (related) PO:0009027 megasporophyll A structure upon which (or in the axil of which) one or more megasporangia are borne; in flowering plants, a carpel. APweb:Glossary megasporofilo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 大胞子葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki cone scale (narrow) FNA:ae5076ce-3553-419a-af95-07c2062ad4e0 ovuliferous scale (narrow) FNA:8e8e55b5-2c05-4089-b43c-3bcf5692c2a2 macrosporophyll (related) FNA:c54df958-9c56-49e7-8ed8-64e36c9f42ed A megasporophyll, almost always at the center of a flower, its margins more or less fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule(s). PO:0006455 PO:0006470 pistil (broad) PO_GIT:470 carpelo (Spanish, exact) 心皮 (Japanese, exact) Poaceae carpel (narrow) Zea carpel (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009030 In some cases, a gynoecium (PO:0009062) may consist of only one carpel, in which case annotations should go on carpel (PO:0009030). The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium, but if a gynoecium consists of a single carpel, then pistil may be used synonymously with carpel. If carpels are fused, the gynoecium is a syncarpous gynoecium, as in Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. If carpels are free, the gynoecium is an apocarpous gynoecium, as in Fabaceae. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316). carpel A megasporophyll, almost always at the center of a flower, its margins more or less fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule(s). APweb:Glossary carpelo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 心皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A determinate reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as part at least one carpel (PO:0009030) or at least one stamen (PO:0009029) and does not contain any other determinate shoot system (PO:0009006) as a part. PO:0004541 PO_GIT:160 PO_GIT:259 flor (Spanish, exact) 花 (Japanese, exact) Asteraceae floret (narrow) basal flower (narrow) double flower (narrow) hermaphrodite flower (narrow) monoclinous flower (narrow) perfect flower (narrow) plant_anatomy floret (related) PO:0009046 The characteristic reproductive structure of angiosperms. May have as part one or more petals, sepals or tepals. May contain one or more pistillode (PO:0009078), staminode (PO:0009077) or other aborted organs that don't show up in mature form. flower A determinate reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as part at least one carpel (PO:0009030) or at least one stamen (PO:0009029) and does not contain any other determinate shoot system (PO:0009006) as a part. POC:curators flor (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki basal flower (narrow) CO_125:0000019 hermaphrodite flower (narrow) CO_125:0000028 A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the primary axis of a plant. PO_GIT:52 PO_GIT:96 ca&#241a (Spanish, exact) culm (exact) eje primario (Spanish, exact) primary axis (exact) primary stem (exact) tallo (Spanish, exact) tronco (Spanish, exact) 茎 (Japanese, exact) bole (narrow) cane (narrow) caudex (narrow) caudices (narrow) core (narrow) primocane (narrow) scape (narrow) stalk (narrow) trunk (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009047 A stem often bears leaves and buds. It is usually above ground, and is more or less negatively geotropic. stem A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the primary axis of a plant. POC:curators ca&#241a (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo eje primario (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo primary stem (exact) FNA:e3b142f6-37cf-4c1f-be07-b64a90feb131 tallo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo tronco (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki bole (narrow) FNA:a5ba9e16-e0af-4430-a3a0-7aeb052fbffd caudex (narrow) FNA:cea24c10-d5ff-435f-aa40-db77dcbd27f0 caudices (narrow) FNA:3c0e37e8-e363-4962-847e-5f9f2906d0f8 primocane (narrow) FNA:58fb080c-dd6b-4172-b564-737091c72980 scape (narrow) FNA:201dbd71-51cd-4138-8f61-3c3fdd55d02d A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as parts all of the shoot axes (PO:0025029) and flowers (PO:0009046; must have two or more) distal to the most distal leaf (PO:0009025). PO:0009048 PO:0009050 PO:0020088 PO:0020111 PO:0020112 PO:0020113 PO:0020114 PO:0020115 PO:0020116 PO:0020117 PO:0020118 PO:0020119 PO:0020120 PO_GIT:260 PO_GIT:71 inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) 花序 (Japanese, exact) Triticeae spike (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009049 An inflorescence is a reproductive shoot system from which at least two flowers develop. The growth pattern of an inflorescence may be monopodial (single main shoot axis), sympodial (growth only occurs from axillary meristems), or both. An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) can be determinate or indeterminate. An inflorescence flower pedicel (PO:0009052) is the ultimate axis in an inflorescence. The flower (PO:0009046) of many plants, for example Magnolia spp., is solitary. inflorescence A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as parts all of the shoot axes (PO:0025029) and flowers (PO:0009046; must have two or more) distal to the most distal leaf (PO:0009025). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:Ramona_Walls inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花序 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A bract (PO:0009055) subtending a branch of the inflorescence (PO:0009049) or borne on the inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) below any branch (PO:0025073) or flower (PO:0009046). pale (broad) palea (broad) paleae (broad) paleas (broad) palet (broad) br&#225ctea de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) 花序苞 (Japanese, exact) inflorescence bract of ear (narrow) spathe (narrow) squamella (narrow) squamellae (narrow) squamule (narrow) corn husk (related) husk (related) husk leaf (related) inflorescence bract A bract (PO:0009055) subtending a branch of the inflorescence (PO:0009049) or borne on the inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) below any branch (PO:0025073) or flower (PO:0009046). APweb:Glossary pale (broad) FNA:3290efb9-fde1-4c56-a813-37e62e665af2 palea (broad) FNA:3d210af5-1709-4aee-91e5-ccc65f5fa7bd paleae (broad) FNA:28b8e135-e4b9-4419-9f14-68d68bbc80c7 paleas (broad) FNA:c7715818-04d2-4e9f-b63f-8741b6e558f4 palet (broad) FNA:c7612a78-aff8-478d-9a6e-866dac52f101 br&#225ctea de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花序苞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki spathe (narrow) FNA:be285d91-a6e6-4e1b-8d89-fa3252201928 squamella (narrow) FNA:ead20a1b-057b-4008-9466-bdb8e283aa82 squamellae (narrow) FNA:c5765385-917c-465e-83f8-b4fe5d693146 squamule (narrow) FNA:f18da584-2b0b-4b03-a614-40140a1cb89e A phyllome that subtends a reproductive structure. br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact) 苞葉 (Japanese, exact) scale (narrow) bracteole (related) bractlet (related) hypsophyll (related) bract A phyllome that subtends a reproductive structure. POC:curators br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 苞葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki scale (narrow) FNA:8c618dea-f3dd-434f-bb13-23273ea6c143 bracteole (related) FNA:9cce93dc-f233-440e-9163-97207fca71a4 bractlet (related) FNA:8968da77-e6b0-4302-baf9-1c8cb72a8b06 A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the carpels (PO:0009030) in a flower (PO:0009046). PO:0006317 PO:0006357 PO:0006365 PO:0006384 PO:0006391 PO:0006394 PO:0006403 PO:0006404 PO:0006423 PO:0006424 PO:0006425 PO:0006426 PO:0025089 pistil (broad) PO_GIT:470 PO_GIT:71 PO_GIT:98 ginoecio (Spanish, exact) gynaecium (exact) gynoecia (exact, plural) 雌蕊群 (Japanese, exact) Poaceae gynoecium (narrow) Zea gynoecium (narrow) apocarpous gynoecium (narrow) gynoecium of ear floret (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow) gynoecium of tassel floret (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow) gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow) syncarpous gynoecium (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009062 If annotating gene expression to a gynoecium with a single carpel (PO:0009030), the annotation should go on carpel. A gynoecium with two or more carpels may be either syncarpous (carpels fused) or apopcarpous (carpels free) or the carpels may be partially fused. The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium for a synocarpous gynoecium, and synonymously with carpel for an apocarpous gynoecium, whether it has one or more carpels. In Zea mays, gynoecia of tassel florets and of the lower florets of ear spikelets usually do not develop fully, and they are present in a rudimentary state. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316). gynoecium A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the carpels (PO:0009030) in a flower (PO:0009046). POC:curators ginoecio (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo gynaecium (exact) FNA:03f034c5-6bd6-4846-8ef7-c5190d09008c gynoecia (exact, plural) FNA:226a743c-7988-4b66-b163-2ce80d7c8a70 雌蕊群 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant organ (PO:0009008) that has as parts a nucellus (PO:0020020) in which a female gametophyte (PO:0025279) is located, one or two integuments (PO:0020021), and a funicle (PO:0020006). PO:0006457 PO:0006491 PO_GIT:464 PO_GIT:70 &#243vulo vegetal (Spanish, exact) 胚珠 (Japanese, exact) Poaceae ovule (narrow) Zea ovule (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0020003 A seed (PO:0009010) develops from a plant ovule. In angiosperms, a plant ovule is part of a plant ovary (PO:0009072). In conifers, a plant ovule is part of an ovuliferous scale (add term). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352). plant ovule A plant organ (PO:0009008) that has as parts a nucellus (PO:0020020) in which a female gametophyte (PO:0025279) is located, one or two integuments (PO:0020021), and a funicle (PO:0020006). POC:curators &#243vulo vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 胚珠 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is part of an inflorescence (PO:0009049). PO_GIT:260 PO_GIT:667 eje de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) plant_anatomy first order inflorescence branch (related) inflorescence rachis (related) 花序軸 (Japanese, related) PO:0020122 An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) has either a determinate apex, which terminates in a flower meristem (PO:0000229), or has an indeterminate apex, which terminates in an inflorescence apical meristem (PO:0009108). An inflorescence pedicel (PO:0009052) is the simplest example of a determinate inflorescence axis. inflorescence axis A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is part of an inflorescence (PO:0009049). POC:curators eje de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花序軸 (Japanese, related) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) has either a determinate apex, which terminates in a flower meristem (PO:0000229), or has an indeterminate apex, which terminates in an inflorescence apical meristem (PO:0009108). An inflorescence pedicel (PO:0009052) is the simplest example of a determinate inflorescence axis. NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper A pistillate inflorescence (PO:0025598) in Zea species that is highly compacted and bears the ear spikelets (PO:0006320) on a lateral inflorescence axis (PO:0020122). PO_GIT:536 oreja de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) 雌穂（花） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy ear (related) PO:0020136 ear inflorescence A pistillate inflorescence (PO:0025598) in Zea species that is highly compacted and bears the ear spikelets (PO:0006320) on a lateral inflorescence axis (PO:0020122). MaizeGDB_curator:Leszek_Vincent POC:Laurel_Cooper oreja de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 雌穂（花） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot axis internode (PO:0005005) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047). OBO-SF2_PO:146 internodo del tallo (Spanish, exact) 茎節間 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0020142 See node. stem internode A shoot axis internode (PO:0005005) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators internodo del tallo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎節間 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:579 AM (exact) meristema apical (Spanish, exact) 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary meristem (related) PO:0020144 apical meristem A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators meristema apical (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:472 SAM (exact) meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary shoot meristem (related) PO:0020148 shoot apical meristem A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). POC:Laurel_Cooper UMSL_curator:fz meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a proper part of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types. rwalls 2010-02-11T01:18:24Z PO_GIT:52 PO_GIT:60 cardinal part of plant organ (exact) parte de un &#243rgano cardinal (Spanish, exact) 基本的な（主要な）器官部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025001 Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Examples include petiole (PO:0020038), lamina (PO:0025060), and leaflet (PO:0020049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs. cardinal organ part A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a proper part of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types. POC:curators parte de un &#243rgano cardinal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 基本的な（主要な）器官部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:44:41Z eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) plant axes (exact, plural) 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025004 Includes roots and shoots. plant axis An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). POC:curators eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo plant axes (exact, plural) FNA:2355281f-ab10-4ae2-a3d8-672cace068a8 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). rwalls 2010-02-09T04:12:11Z PO_GIT:63 estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025007 Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure. collective plant organ structure A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005). Laurel_Cooper 2010-04-28T11:04:34Z PO:0008033 cycle (broad) verticil (broad) PO_GIT:90 PO_GIT:99 estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact) 葉的器官が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact) floral whorl (narrow) whorl (narrow) plant_anatomy phyllome whorl (related) PO:0025023 collective phyllome structure A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005). POC:curators cycle (broad) FNA:d42df0a9-60f4-4c24-9c0b-ba815272f2fe verticil (broad) FNA:12607624-3d2a-4113-bd86-0e2557f2f473 estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉的器官が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki floral whorl (narrow) GO:0048438 GO:0048457 GO:0048458 GO:0048459 A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. rwalls 2010-07-01T02:11:26Z root (broad) PO_GIT:136 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) 根系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025025 Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant. root system A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators root (broad) FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009). rwalls 2010-05-07T02:41:17Z embryo cell (broad) embryonic cell (broad) PO_GIT:281 c&#233lula embri&#243nica vegetal (Spanish, exact) embryonic plant cell (exact) 胚性植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025028 embryo plant cell A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators c&#233lula embri&#243nica vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 胚性植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:46:35Z caullome (exact) eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy shoot (related) PO:0025029 Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode. shoot axis A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). POC:curators eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. rwalls 2010-07-12T01:31:44Z PO_GIT:274 PO_GIT:301 hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025034 leaf A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. POC:curators hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part. tallo de alto orden (secundario, terciario, etc) (Spanish, exact) 柄 (Japanese, exact) stipe (related) stalk A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part. POC:curators tallo de alto orden (secundario, terciario, etc) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 柄 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki stipe (related) FNA:21cee2f5-016a-44c6-b7a5-1fff6adc7e35 A shoot axis (PO:00025029) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007). rwalls 2010-07-01T04:21:46Z PO_GIT:134 ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact) shoot axis branch (exact) 枝 (Japanese, exact) branchlet (narrow) higher order axis (narrow) secondary axis (narrow) tertiary axis (narrow) twig (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0025073 In vascular plants, branches arise from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) and from divisions of the meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007) in non-vascular plants. branch A shoot axis (PO:00025029) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007). POC:curators ramificaci&#243n (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo shoot axis branch (exact) POC:curators 枝 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki branchlet (narrow) FNA:32d32293-adee-47ae-b1ba-bd9bd22230c2 A shoot system (PO:0009006) in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium (PO:0025094). rwalls 2010-09-17T09:49:10Z sistema de brote reproductivo (Spanish, exact) 生殖シュート 系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025082 reproductive shoot system A shoot system (PO:0009006) in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium (PO:0025094). POC:curators sistema de brote reproductivo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 生殖シュート 系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009). rwalls 2010-11-05T01:36:24Z PO_GIT:245 PO_GIT:339 embryonic plant structure (exact) estructura vegetal embri&#243nica (Spanish, exact) 胚性植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025099 Includes plant structures that only occur in embryos (such as suspensor) as well as plant structures that are part of an embryo when a plant is in the embryonic phase (such as embryonic radicle). embryo plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009). POC:curators estructura vegetal embri&#243nica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 胚性植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from a first order infructescence axis (PO:0025244) and develops from a second order inflorescence axis (PO:0006321). rwalls 2011-01-05T09:16:29Z PO_GIT:264 eje de segundo de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact) primary infructescence branch (exact) plant_anatomy 第一果序分枝 (Japanese, related) PO:0025112 second order infructescence axis A higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243) which arises from a first order infructescence axis (PO:0025244) and develops from a second order inflorescence axis (PO:0006321). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn POC:Laura_Moore POC:Ramona_Walls eje de segundo de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 第一果序分枝 (Japanese, related) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:10:22Z PO_GIT:186 portion of primordial tissue (exact) portion of primordium tissue (exact) primordia (exact, plural) primordio (Spanish, exact) 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025127 A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition. primordium A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). POC:curators primordio (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:27:11Z PO_GIT:466 phyllome primordia (exact, plural) portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact) primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025128 The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop. phyllome primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). PMID:11572953 POC:curators primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. rwalls 2010-11-15T11:41:38Z PO_GIT:224 entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025131 Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. plant anatomical entity cjm An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. BFO:0000004 CARO:0000000 POC:curators entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. CAROC:Brownsville2014 A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem. rwalls 2010-12-20T08:47:03Z &#225pice reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 生殖シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025222 reproductive shoot apex A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem. POC:Ramona_Walls &#225pice reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 生殖シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009). rwalls 2010-12-20T12:27:10Z portion of embryo tissue (broad) PO_GIT:338 portion of embryonic plant tissue (exact) tejido embri&#243nico vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物胚性組織 の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025233 This class is for tissues that only occur as part of an embryo. portion of embryo plant tissue A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009). POC:curators tejido embri&#243nico vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物胚性組織 の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A reproductive shoot system that is part of an infructescence and has as parts a second order infructescence axis and any infructescence axes and fruits that arise from it. rwalls 2010-12-30T03:31:29Z PO_GIT:261 hand of fruit (exact) infructescencia de segundo orden (Spanish, exact) secondary infructescence (exact) 第二果序 (Japanese, exact) hand of bananas (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0025241 second order infructescence A reproductive shoot system that is part of an infructescence and has as parts a second order infructescence axis and any infructescence axes and fruits that arise from it. POC:Ramona_Walls hand of fruit (exact) CO_125:.0000037 infructescencia de segundo orden (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 第二果序 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is part of an infructescence (PO:0006342). rwalls 2010-12-30T03:34:07Z eje de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact) 果序軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025242 infructescence axis A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is part of an infructescence (PO:0006342). POC:Ramona_Walls eje de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 果序軸 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An infructescence axis (PO:0025242), which is a branch (PO:0025073) in an infructescence (PO:0006342), that develops from a higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081). rwalls 2010-12-30T03:37:08Z PO_GIT:264 PO_GIT:265 ejen de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact) infructescence branch (exact) plant_anatomy 果序枝 (Japanese, related) PO:0025243 A higher order infructescence axis is named according to its position in an infructescence (PO:0006342). Tenth order infructescence axis (PO:0025112) is the greatest specific infructescence axis (PO:0025242) order in the PO; when mapping annotations to an infructescence axis which is of an order higher than ten, or when order is ambiguous or unknown, annotate directly to higher order infructescence axis (PO:0025243). higher order infructescence axis An infructescence axis (PO:0025242), which is a branch (PO:0025073) in an infructescence (PO:0006342), that develops from a higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn POC:Ramona_Walls ejen de la infructescencia (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo NYBG:Brandon_Sinn 果序枝 (Japanese, related) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An infructescence axis (PO:0025242), which is the primary or main axis of an infructescence (PO:0006342), that develops from a first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104). rwalls 2010-12-30T03:38:25Z eje de la infructescencia de primer orden (Spanish, exact) infructescence rachis (exact) 第一果序軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025244 first order infructescence axis An infructescence axis (PO:0025242), which is the primary or main axis of an infructescence (PO:0006342), that develops from a first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn POC:Ramona_Walls eje de la infructescencia de primer orden (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 第一果序軸 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal whole plant development stage. rwalls 2011-10-19T10:54:37Z PO_GIT:230 vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025337 There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage. life of whole plant stage A maximal whole plant development stage. POC:curators vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a collective plant structure (PO:0025497). rwalls 2011-10-19T11:12:49Z PO_GIT:391 etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish, exact) 集合的植物構造の発生過程 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025338 Includes flower development stage (PO:0007615), corolla development stage (PO:0007604), and inflorescence development stage (PO:0001083). collective plant organ structure development stage A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a collective plant structure (PO:0025497). POC:curators etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合的植物構造の発生過程 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant organ (PO:0009008) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046). rwalls 2012-01-19T11:44:36Z PO_GIT:423 &#243rgano floral (Spanish, exact) flower organ (exact) 花器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025395 Includes phyllomes such as anthers and petals, as well as shoot axes such as androphores and gynophores. floral organ A plant organ (PO:0009008) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046). POC:curators &#243rgano floral (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-07T08:20:10Z phyllome meristem (broad) PO_GIT:427 フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025430 The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. phyllome anlagen A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-08T01:00:56Z PO_GIT:427 precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) 根原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025433 Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042). root anlagen A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). POC:curators precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A root (PO:0009005) that develops from a tuberous root (PO:0025523) and is further radially enlarged for storage. rwalls 2012-04-26T02:09:03Z PO_GIT:47 ra&#237z tubercular (Spanish, exact) root tuber (exact) storage root (exact) 塊茎根の塊茎(Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy tuber root (related) PO:0025476 Functions in storage. This term should be used for tubers derived from roots (PO:0009005), as found in Cassava or sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), not for tubers derived from branches (PO:0025073), as found in potatoes and yams. Use the term shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543), aerial tuber (PO:0004548), or subterranean tuber (PO:0004547) for tubers derived from branches. A tuberous root tuber may be distinguished from a tuber that is derived from a branch by the presence of a root cap (PO:0020123) early in development, or the presence of lateral roots (PO:0020121) or their remnants. Sometimes tuber roots bear vegetative buds (PO:0000058) like a tuber derived from a branch. A tuberous root tuber usually develops from a shoot-borne root (PO:0000042) or a lateral root (PO:0020121). tuberous root tuber A root (PO:0009005) that develops from a tuberous root (PO:0025523) and is further radially enlarged for storage. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators ra&#237z tubercular (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 塊茎根の塊茎(Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that is committed to the development of a floral organ (PO:0025395) and is part of a reproductive shoot apex (PO:0025222). rwalls 2012-04-26T03:57:09Z PO_GIT:465 floral structure primordia (exact, plural) portion of floral structure primordium tissue (exact) primordio de organo floral (Spanish, exact) 花器官原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025477 If annotating to a primordium of a floral structure, it is better to use the more specific term, such as petal primordium (PO:0000021) or anther primordium (PO:0006089). floral organ primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that is committed to the development of a floral organ (PO:0025395) and is part of a reproductive shoot apex (PO:0025222). POC:curators primordio de organo floral (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花器官原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a bract primordium (PO:0025487) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a reproductive shoot apical meristem (PO:0008028). anlagen de br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact) 苞原基 (Japanese, exact) bract anlagen A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a bract primordium (PO:0025487) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a reproductive shoot apical meristem (PO:0008028). POC:Ramona_Walls anlagen de br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 苞原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome primordium (PO:0025487) that is committed to the development of a flower bract (PO:0009055). bract primordia (exact, plural) portion of bract primordium tissue (exact) primordio de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact) 苞原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) bract primordium A phyllome primordium (PO:0025487) that is committed to the development of a flower bract (PO:0009055). POC:curators primordio de la br&#225ctea (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 苞原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A bract primordium (PO:0025128) is committed to the development of an inflorescence bract (PO:0009054). inflorescence bract primordia (exact, plural) primordio de la br&#225ctea de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) 花序苞原基 (Japanese, exact) portion of inflorescence bract primordium tissue (related) inflorescence bract primordium A bract primordium (PO:0025128) is committed to the development of an inflorescence bract (PO:0009054). POC:Ramona_Walls primordio de la br&#225ctea de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 花序苞原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T14:57:00Z PO_GIT:480 estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025496 Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types. multi-tissue plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 POC:curators estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T15:09:20Z PO_GIT:479 estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025497 This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006). collective plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) and includes portions of plant tissues (PO:0009007) of at least two different types. Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T15:28:44Z PO_GIT:485 parte cardinal de estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) 複数の組織からなる植物構造の基本（主要）部分 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025498 Includes cardinal parts of plant organs (PO:0025001) as well as parts of other multi-tissue plant structures. Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Most cardinal parts of multi-tissue plant structures have both fiat and bona-fide boundaries, including parts with large fiat boundaries, such as leaf base (PO:0020040) or fruit distal end (PO:0008001), and parts with primarily bona-fide boundaries, such as leaflet (PO:0020049). cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) and includes portions of plant tissues (PO:0009007) of at least two different types. POC:curators parte cardinal de estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 複数の組織からなる植物構造の基本（主要）部分 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is radially enlarged. Laurel_Cooper 2012-11-20T18:35:45Z PO_GIT:127 塊茎 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025522 Functions in storage of photosynthate metabolites. May develop from a branch (PO:0025073) or a root (PO:0009005). If you are annotating to tuber, you should pick the more specific child term: shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) or tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). tuber A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is radially enlarged. POC:curators 塊茎 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A root (PO:0009005) that is radially enlarged relative to other lateral roots (PO:0020121) or shoot-borne roots (PO:0000042) on the same plant, but not as enlarged as a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). Laurel_Cooper 2012-11-20T18:47:23Z PO_GIT:47 raiz tuberosa (Spanish, exact) 塊茎根 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025523 tuberous root A root (PO:0009005) that is radially enlarged relative to other lateral roots (PO:0020121) or shoot-borne roots (PO:0000042) on the same plant, but not as enlarged as a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). POC:curators raiz tuberosa (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 塊茎根 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant organ structure development stage (PO:0025338) that begins with the onset of the plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) and ends with either gametophyte senescent stage (PO:0025343) or sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017) or death. Laurel_Cooper 2012-12-13T18:21:19Z PO_GIT:517 plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025527 The shoot system (PO:0009006) develops fron the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) in the plant embryo (PO:0009009) in vascular plants. In lower plants the gametophore (PO:0030018) arises from a gametophore meristematic apical cell (PO:0030019) in the protonema (PO:0030003). shoot system development stage A collective plant organ structure development stage (PO:0025338) that begins with the onset of the plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) and ends with either gametophyte senescent stage (PO:0025343) or sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017) or death. POC:Laurel_Cooper A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a bud (PO:0009006). bud development stage A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a bud (PO:0009006). POC:Laurel_Cooper A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082). Laurel_Cooper 2012-12-13T19:01:14Z PO_GIT:517 plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025530 reproductive shoot system development stage A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082). POC:Laurel_Cooper An infructescence (PO:0006342) in Zea species that bears kernels (i.e. caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104) on a compact ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623) and develops from the ear inflorescence (PO:0020136). Laurel_Cooper 2013-12-07T11:57:21Z PO_GIT:580 plant_anatomy PO:0025597 ear infructescence An infructescence (PO:0006342) in Zea species that bears kernels (i.e. caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104) on a compact ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623) and develops from the ear inflorescence (PO:0020136). POC:Laurel_Cooper An inflorescence (PO:0009049) that includes as part only pistillate flowers (PO:0025599). Laurel_Cooper 2013-12-13T11:16:53Z PO_GIT:585 carpellate inflorescence (exact) plant_anatomy female inflorescence (related) PO:0025598 pistillate inflorescence An inflorescence (PO:0009049) that includes as part only pistillate flowers (PO:0025599). POC:Laurel_Cooper A flower (PO:0009046) that includes as part a single carpel (PO:0009030) or a gynoecium (PO:0009062), but the androecium (PO:0009061) is absent or has aborted during development. Laurel_Cooper 2013-12-13T11:26:58Z diclinous flower (broad) imperfect flower (broad) PO_GIT:585 carpellate flower (exact) plant_anatomy female flower (related) PO:0025599 pistillate flower A flower (PO:0009046) that includes as part a single carpel (PO:0009030) or a gynoecium (PO:0009062), but the androecium (PO:0009061) is absent or has aborted during development. POC:Laurel_Cooper female flower (related) CO_125:0000050 A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). Laurel_Cooper 2014-05-13T16:51:47Z PO_GIT:586 plant_anatomy PO:0025606 A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004). native plant cell A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). POC:Laurel_Cooper A first order infructescence axis (PO:0025244) in an ear infructescence (PO:0025597) that bears kernels (i.e. caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104). cooperl 2016-12-17T14:41:36Z PO_GIT:655 cob (exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025623 ear infructescence axis A first order infructescence axis (PO:0025244) in an ear infructescence (PO:0025597) that bears kernels (i.e. caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104). POC:Laurel_Cooper A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. rwalls 2010-07-15T02:56:11Z PO_GIT:139 PO_GIT:68 fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) sporophytic development stage (exact) sporophytic phase (exact) sporphyte phase (exact) 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0028002 A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis. sporophyte development stage A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. POC:curators fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that dehisce along two fruit valves (PO:0000033). dehiscent fruit (broad) pod (broad) PO_GIT:645 hülse (exact, German) legumbre (exact, Spanish) legume (exact) plant_anatomy PO:0030100 Legume fruit (PO:0030100) is characteristic of the plant family Fabaceae. Examples: pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), soybean (Glycine max), and lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris). legume fruit A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that dehisce along two fruit valves (PO:0000033). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper hülse (exact, German) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere legumbre (exact, Spanish) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are fused to a seed coat (PO:0009088). indehiscent fruit (broad) PO_GIT:648 brown rice (exact) cariopse (exact, Spanish) cariópside (exact, Spanish) caryopse (exact, German) caryopsides (exact) caryopsis (exact) cereal (exact) dehulled grain (exact) dehulled kernel (exact) grain (exact) kernel (exact) polished rice (exact) plant_anatomy PO:0030104 Caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104) is characteristic of the Poaceae (the grass family). Caryopsis fruits develop from a pseudomonomerous gyneocium (PO:0009062), and contain only a single seed due to the abortion of two of the three carpels (PO:0009030). The pericarp of caryopsis fruits of some bamboo species is somewhat fleshy at maturity and is fused to the seed coat; these fruits are referred to in the literature as bacoid caryopses. Examples: barley (Hordeum vulgare), rice (Oryza spp.), wheat (Triticum spp.), corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), oat (Avena spp.), zebra grass (Miscanthus spp.), Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii), stiff brome (Brachypodium distachyon), cutgrass (Leersia perrieri), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica). caryopsis fruit A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are fused to a seed coat (PO:0009088). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper cariopse (exact, Spanish) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere cariópside (exact, Spanish) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere caryopse (exact, German) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere A fruit (PO:0009001) which at maturity comprises a fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085). indehiscent fruit (broad) PO_GIT:652 bacca (exact) baya (exact, Spanish) beere (exact, German) berry (exact) pyrine (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0030108 Examples: pepper (Capsicum annuum), papaya (Carica papaya), avocado (Persea americana), may apple (Podophyllum peltatum), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), chocolate (Theobroma cacao), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), and grape (Vitis vinifera). berry fruit A fruit (PO:0009001) which at maturity comprises a fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper baya (exact, Spanish) Spanish NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere beere (exact, German) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from an inferior carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), and has as a part a hard receptacle (PO:0009064) which surrounds, and is indistinct from, the exocarp (PO:0009085). indehiscent fruit (broad) panzerbeere (broad, German) (broad) PO_GIT:652 kürbisfrucht (exact, German) pepo (exact) pepónide (exact, Spanish) plant_anatomy PO:0030111 A pepo fruit (PO:0030111) is specialized type of berry fruit (PO:0030108) which is encapsuled by persistent, accrescent receptacle (PO:0009064) tissue. The rind, or tough outer covering, of pepo fruits comprises receptical tissue and at least the exocarp (PO:0009085) layer of the pericarp (PO:0009084). Examples: pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and banana (Musa acuminata). pepo fruit A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from an inferior carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), and has as a part a hard receptacle (PO:0009064) which surrounds, and is indistinct from, the exocarp (PO:0009085). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper panzerbeere (broad, German) (broad) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere kürbisfrucht (exact, German) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere pepónide (exact, Spanish) NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of sessile flowers (PO:0009046) on an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn 2017-04-20T12:38:28Z spike (exact) stachyoid (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0030117 The basal-most flowers of some spike inflorescences have short inflorescence flower pedicels (PO:0009052), such as in ladies'-tresses orchids (Spiranthes; Orchidaceae). Examples include black pepper (Piper nigrum; Piperaceae). spike inflorescence An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of sessile flowers (PO:0009046) on an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104). NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere PO:cooperl An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) or spikelets (PO:0009051) on determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122)., NYBG:Brandon_Sinn 2017-04-20T13:04:46Z panicle (exact) plant_anatomy PO:0030123 Examples include the majority of species in the grass family Poaceae including oats (Avena spp.), brome (Brachypodium spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare), cutgrass (Leersia perrieri), rice (Oryza spp.), foxgrass (Setaria spp.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), wild rice (Zizania palustris), and the staminate inflorescence of cultivated corn (Zea mays), as well as grapes (Vitis spp.; Vitaceae), and Polemonium caeruleum (Polemoniaceae). Panicle inflorescences are most often conical in shape. panicle inflorescence An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) or spikelets (PO:0009051) on determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122)., NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere PO:cooperl A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. system Average weight of the panicle from the plants or tillers in a given study. PNWT (related) panicle weight Average weight of the panicle from the plants or tillers in a given study. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A plant trait (TO:0000387) which is a morphological quality of a plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) or a constituent cellular component (GO:0005575) contained therein. plant architecture trait (related) plant structure trait (related) plant morphology trait A plant trait (TO:0000387) which is a morphological quality of a plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) or a constituent cellular component (GO:0005575) contained therein. GO:0005575 Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0025131 TO:cooperl A panicle morphology trait (TO:0000847) which is the measurement in centimeters from panicle base to tip. PNLG (related) PnL (related) panicle length A panicle morphology trait (TO:0000847) which is the measurement in centimeters from panicle base to tip. IRRI:SES A plant axis morphology trait (TO:0000738) which is a quality of a root (PO:0025025). root morphology trait A plant axis morphology trait (TO:0000738) which is a quality of a root (PO:0025025). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0025025 TO:cooperl A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of the caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). grain moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of the caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). TO:malaporte A whole plant morphology trait (TO:0000398) which is a quality of a plant embryo (PO:0009009). plant embryo morphology trait A whole plant morphology trait (TO:0000398) which is a quality of a plant embryo (PO:0009009). PO:0009009 TO:moorel A collective plant organ structure morphology trait (TO:0000842) which is a quality of a shoot system (PO:0009006). shoot system morphology trait A collective plant organ structure morphology trait (TO:0000842) which is a quality of a shoot system (PO:0009006). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009006 TO:cooperl The average dry weight of the root determined in a study. RTDWT (related) rdw (related) rdw/t (related) root dry weight per tiller (related) total root dry weight (related) root dry weight The average dry weight of the root determined in a study. Gramene:jcl Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A root system morphology trait (TO:0000985) which is the number of roots (PO:0009005) in a root system (PO:0025025). RTNB (related) tnr (related) root number A root system morphology trait (TO:0000985) which is the number of roots (PO:0009005) in a root system (PO:0025025). Gramene:jcl Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PATO:0001555 TO:cooperl TO_GIT:357 Proportion of usable (economically significant) biomass over total (biological) biomass, expressed as a percentage. HI (related) HVID (related) harvest index Proportion of usable (economically significant) biomass over total (biological) biomass, expressed as a percentage. Gramene:jcl Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the length of a leaf (PO:0025034). LFLG (related) LL (related) lfln (related) leaf length A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the length of a leaf (PO:0025034). IRRI:SES PO:0025034 TO:cooperl TO:moorel lfln (related) MaizeGDB_QTL:61715 Relative yield was calculated as the ratio of biomass in stress to that of control. RB (related) RELBIOM (related) relative biomass yield (related) relative biomass Relative yield was calculated as the ratio of biomass in stress to that of control. Gramene:jcl Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A grain yield trait (TO:0000396) which is the proportion of kernels remaining after milling to remove the bran. MR (related) milled rice ratio (related) milled rice yield A grain yield trait (TO:0000396) which is the proportion of kernels remaining after milling to remove the bran. https://ricecap.hosted.uark.edu/glossary_ricecaplist.htm#M A shoot axis internode morphology trait (TO:0000755) which is the length of a shoot axis internode (PO:0005005). INLG (related) shoot axis internode length A shoot axis internode morphology trait (TO:0000755) which is the length of a shoot axis internode (PO:0005005). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A seed morphology trait (TO:0000184) which is the length of a seed (PO:0009010). SDLG (related) seed length A seed morphology trait (TO:0000184) which is the length of a seed (PO:0009010). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal IRRI:SES PO:0009010 TO:moorel A seed morphology trait (TO:0000184) which is the width of a seed (PO:0009010). SDWD (related) plump seed (related) seed width A seed morphology trait (TO:0000184) which is the width of a seed (PO:0009010). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal IRRI:SES PO:0009010 TO:moorel A panicle morphology trait (TO:0000847) which is the average number of panicles per plant in a study. NOP (related) NP (related) PN (related) PNNB (related) TP (related) number of effective tiller per plant (related) number of panicle (related) panicle number per plant (related) panicle number per tiller (related) seed setting tillers per plant (related) spike number (related) panicle number A panicle morphology trait (TO:0000847) which is the average number of panicles per plant in a study. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:moorel Relative yield is calculated as a ratio of yield in stress to that of control. RELYLD (related) RY (related) relative yield Relative yield is calculated as a ratio of yield in stress to that of control. Gramene:jcl Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A fruit quality trait (TO:0002728) that is the commercial and /or economical value of the grain (i.e. fruit (PO:0009001)), or its overall improvement. grain quality trait A fruit quality trait (TO:0002728) that is the commercial and /or economical value of the grain (i.e. fruit (PO:0009001)), or its overall improvement. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A seed morphology trait (TO:0000184) which is the weight of a seed (PO:0009010). SDWT (exact) seed weight A seed morphology trait (TO:0000184) which is the weight of a seed (PO:0009010). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009010 TO:moorel A multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000836) which is a quality of a seed (PO:0009010). seed morphology trait A multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000836) which is a quality of a seed (PO:0009010). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009010 TO:moorel A whole plant morphology trait (TO:0000398) which is the height of a whole plant (PO:0000003). Ht (related) PTHT (related) shoot height (related) plant height A whole plant morphology trait (TO:0000398) which is the height of a whole plant (PO:0000003). IRRI:SES PO:0000003 TO:cooperl A grain yield trait (TO:0000396) which is the amount of whole (3/4 of original length or longer) milled kernels separated from the total amount of milled rice. HEADR (related) head milled rice (related) head rice ratio (related) head rice yield A grain yield trait (TO:0000396) which is the amount of whole (3/4 of original length or longer) milled kernels separated from the total amount of milled rice. TO:cooperl https://ricecap.hosted.uark.edu/glossary_ricecaplist.htm#H A carpel morphology trait (TO:0006012) which is a quality of a pistil. pistil related trait (related) pistil morphology trait A carpel morphology trait (TO:0006012) which is a quality of a pistil. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:moorel A root morphology trait (TO:0000043) which is the length of a root (PO:0009005). MRD (related) MRL (related) RTLG (related) maximum root depth (related) maximum root length (related) root length A root morphology trait (TO:0000043) which is the length of a root (PO:0009005). GR:pj Gramene:jcl TO:austin_meier TO:cooperl A plant quality trait (TO:0000597) which is the amount of moisture in a plant structure (PO:0009011). moisture content trait A plant quality trait (TO:0000597) which is the amount of moisture in a plant structure (PO:0009011). TO:cooperl A shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000077) which is the number of leaves (PO:0025034) in a shoot system (PO:0009006) of a plant. LFNB (related) leaf number A shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000077) which is the number of leaves (PO:0025034) in a shoot system (PO:0009006) of a plant. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A grain weight (TO:0000919) which is the weight of a sample of 100 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). 100-grain weight (exact) HGRWT (exact) hundred grain weight (exact) HSDWT (related) hundred seed weight (related) 100-grain weight A grain weight (TO:0000919) which is the weight of a sample of 100 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal IRRI:SES TO:cooperl An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) trait which is the length of an inflorescence (PO:0009049). inflorescence length An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) trait which is the length of an inflorescence (PO:0009049). TO:cooperl A plant trait (TO:0000387) which is a quality of a chemical entity (CHEBI:24431), a plant metabolite (CHEBI:76924), or a molecular function (GO:0003674), which occurs in a cellular component (GO:0005575), plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) or during a plant structure development stage (PO:0009012). biochemical trait A plant trait (TO:0000387) which is a quality of a chemical entity (CHEBI:24431), a plant metabolite (CHEBI:76924), or a molecular function (GO:0003674), which occurs in a cellular component (GO:0005575), plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) or during a plant structure development stage (PO:0009012). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl The ratio determined from the parameters evaluated for root length and the shoot length in a study. RTSHRO (exact) r/s ratio (exact) root length to shoot length ratio (exact) root/shoot ratio (exact) root to shoot ratio The ratio determined from the parameters evaluated for root length and the shoot length in a study. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A root morphology trait (TO:0000043) which is the weight of a root (PO:0009005). RTWT (related) TRW (related) total root weight (related) root weight A root morphology trait (TO:0000043) which is the weight of a root (PO:0009005). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal The trait associated with an assay to determine the affected metabolite's profile. metabolite content trait The trait associated with an assay to determine the affected metabolite's profile. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A yield trait (TO: 0000371) that is the amount of a plant structure (PO:0009011) or portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) produced by the shoot system (PO:0009006) which is harvested. BIOMYLD (related) BY (related) shoot system yield trait A yield trait (TO: 0000371) that is the amount of a plant structure (PO:0009011) or portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) produced by the shoot system (PO:0009006) which is harvested. ISBN:0198506732 TO:cooperl The dry weight of the whole plant. DMASS (related) PTDWT (related) RTWT (related) dry mass (related) total dry mass (related) plant dry weight The dry weight of the whole plant. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal37 A shoot axis morphology trait (TO:0000739) which is the quality of a stem (PO:0009047). core morphology trait (narrow) stem morphology trait A shoot axis morphology trait (TO:0000739) which is the quality of a stem (PO:0009047). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009047 TO:moorel A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the width of a leaf (PO:0025034). LFWD (related) LW (related) lfwid (related) leaf width A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the width of a leaf (PO:0025034). IRRI:SES PO:0025034 TO:cooperl TO:moorel lfwid (related) MaizeGDB_QTL:61714 A plant trait (TO:0000387) which is a harvestable product that is a plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) or one or more constituent cellular components (GO:0005575) contained therein. YLD (related) yield trait A plant trait (TO:0000387) which is a harvestable product that is a plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) or one or more constituent cellular components (GO:0005575) contained therein. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A reproductive shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000786) that is a quality of an inflorescence (PO:0009049). Head morphology trait (narrow) inflorescence structure trait (related) inflorescence morphology trait A reproductive shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000786) that is a quality of an inflorescence (PO:0009049). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009049 A grain weight (TO:0000919) which is the weight of a sample of 1000 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). 1000-grain weight (exact) TGRWT (exact) thousand grain weight (exact) TSDWT (related) thousand seed weight (related) 1000-grain weight A grain weight (TO:0000919) which is the weight of a sample of 1000 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A measurable or observable characteristic of a cellular component (GO:0005575), biological process (GO:0008150) or molecular function (GO:0003674) that is part of, or has participant a plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) and/or a plant structure development stage (PO:0009012). plant phenotype (related) plant quality (related) plant trait A measurable or observable characteristic of a cellular component (GO:0005575), biological process (GO:0008150) or molecular function (GO:0003674) that is part of, or has participant a plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) and/or a plant structure development stage (PO:0009012). GO:0003674 GO:0005575 GO:0008150 Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009012 PO:0025131 TO:cooperl Yield of forage matter upon harvest. FRGYLD (related) FY (related) straw yield (related) forage yield Yield of forage matter upon harvest. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A seed morphology trait (TO:0000184) which is the size of a seed (PO:0009010). seed size A seed morphology trait (TO:0000184) which is the size of a seed (PO:0009010). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009010 TO:cooperl A fruit yield trait (TO:0000871) that is the amount of grain. GRYLD (related) Yld (related) grain yield trait A fruit yield trait (TO:0000871) that is the amount of grain. IRRI:SES TO:contributors TO:cooperl A caryopsis fruit morphology trait (TO:0001079) which is the size of the grain (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104). GRSZ (exact) grain size A caryopsis fruit morphology trait (TO:0001079) which is the size of the grain (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009084 TO:moorel A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a whole plant (PO:0000003). whole plant morphology trait A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a whole plant (PO:0000003). PO:0000003 TO:cooperl An ear infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000976) that is the length of an ear infructescence (PO:0025597) from base to tip. ear infructescence length (exact) EARLG (related) earln (related) ear length An ear infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000976) that is the length of an ear infructescence (PO:0025597) from base to tip. TO:cooperl earln (related) MaizeGDB_QTL:78112 Fresh weight of the plant. PLFWT (related) plant fresh weight Fresh weight of the plant. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal37 An infructescence yield trait (TO:0000936) that is the number of ears (ear infructescence; PO:0025597) on a plant or the average number present in population. EARNB (related) ENO (related) ENP (related) ear number per plant (related) ears per 10 plants (related) ears per plant (related) ear infructescence number An infructescence yield trait (TO:0000936) that is the number of ears (ear infructescence; PO:0025597) on a plant or the average number present in population. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is the number of seeds (PO:0009010) in a fruit (PO:0009001). SDNB (related) fruit seed number A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is the number of seeds (PO:0009010) in a fruit (PO:0009001). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009001 PO:0009010 Average weight of dehulled grains per plant. GRYLDPPL (related) grain yield per plant Average weight of dehulled grains per plant. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal Average weight of dehulled grains per panicle. GRYLDPPN (exact) grain yield per panicle Average weight of dehulled grains per panicle. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A ratio of number of tiller bearing the panicles to the total number of tillers in rice. PNTIRO (related) panicle tiller ratio (related) productive tiller percent (related) panicle to tiller ratio A ratio of number of tiller bearing the panicles to the total number of tillers in rice. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TBIOMYLD (related) dry matter yield (related) total dry weight (related) total biomass yield A biochemical trait (TO:0000277) that is the amount of a particular mineral or ion constituent occurring in a plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131). mineral and ion content trait A biochemical trait (TO:0000277) that is the amount of a particular mineral or ion constituent occurring in a plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal Amount of carbon present in the dry mass. CBCN (related) carbon content Amount of carbon present in the dry mass. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the composition of a leaf (PO:0025034). leaf composition trait A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the composition of a leaf (PO:0025034). PO:0025034 TO:moorel pigment content trait A pigment content trait (TO:0000494) which is a measure of the chlorophyll a and/or chlorophyll b content in a plant structure (PO:0009011). CHLCN (related) chlorophyll content A pigment content trait (TO:0000494) which is a measure of the chlorophyll a and/or chlorophyll b content in a plant structure (PO:0009011). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A reproductive shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000786) which is a quality of a flower (PO:0009046). flower morphology trait A reproductive shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000786) which is a quality of a flower (PO:0009046). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009046 TO:cooperl A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000505) which is the weight of a leaf (PO:0025034). LFWT (related) leaf weight A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000505) which is the weight of a leaf (PO:0025034). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl TO:moorel A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the total area of a leaf (PO:0025034). LFAR (related) leaf area trait A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the total area of a leaf (PO:0025034). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0025034 TO:cooperl A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the ratio of leaf length (TO:0000135) to leaf width (TO:0000370). LFLGWDRO (related) leaf length to width ratio A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the ratio of leaf length (TO:0000135) to leaf width (TO:0000370). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A leaf composition trait (TO:0000493) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in the leaf (PO:0025034). LFNICN (related) leaf nitrogen content A leaf composition trait (TO:0000493) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in the leaf (PO:0025034). CHEBI:51143 A shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000077) which is the number of rhizomes present in a shoot system (PO:0009006). RHZNB (related) rhizome number per plant (related) rhizome number A shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000077) which is the number of rhizomes present in a shoot system (PO:0009006). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A shoot axis morphology trait (TO:0000739) which is a quality of a rhizome (PO:0004542). rhizome morphology trait A shoot axis morphology trait (TO:0000739) which is a quality of a rhizome (PO:0004542). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl The dry weight of the shoot without inflorescence. SHDWT (related) total shoot dry weight (related) shoot dry weight The dry weight of the shoot without inflorescence. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal37 A rhizome morphology trait (TO:0000549) which is the length of a rhizome (PO:0004542). RHZLG (related) average rhizome length (related) rhizome length A rhizome morphology trait (TO:0000549) which is the length of a rhizome (PO:0004542). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A rhizome morphology trait (TO:0000549) which is the dry weight of a rhizome (PO:0004542). RHZDWT (related) rhizome dry weight per plant (related) rhizome dry weight A rhizome morphology trait (TO:0000549) which is the dry weight of a rhizome (PO:0004542). TO:cooperl Weight of the shoot without inflorescence. SHWT (related) total shoot weight (related) shoot axis weight Weight of the shoot without inflorescence. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal37 Fresh weight of the shoot without inflorescence. SHFWT (related) total shoot fresh weight (related) shoot fresh weight Fresh weight of the shoot without inflorescence. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal37 A stem morphology trait (TO:0000361) which is the length of the stem (PO:0009047). core length (narrow) CULMLG (related) CmL (related) STEMLG (related) culm height (related) culm length (related) stem height (related) stem length A stem morphology trait (TO:0000361) which is the length of the stem (PO:0009047). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal37 PO:0009047 TO:moorel The average fresh weight of the root determined in a study. RTFWT (related) total root fresh weight (related) root fresh weight The average fresh weight of the root determined in a study. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal37 A reproductive shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000786) which is the number of inflorescences (PO:0009049). INFLONB (related) inflorescence number A reproductive shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000786) which is the number of inflorescences (PO:0009049). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009049 TO:cooperl TO:moorel An infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000920) that is the average weight (mass) of an infructescence bearing mature fruit (PO:0009001). infructescence weight An infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000920) that is the average weight (mass) of an infructescence bearing mature fruit (PO:0009001). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A grain weight (TO:0000919) which is the average weight of a grain (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), including the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). average grain weight A grain weight (TO:0000919) which is the average weight of a grain (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), including the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A plant trait (TO:0000387) that contributes to the overall utility, nutritional, or economic value of a plant, plant structure (PO:0009011) or plant product plant quality trait A plant trait (TO:0000387) that contributes to the overall utility, nutritional, or economic value of a plant, plant structure (PO:0009011) or plant product Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal ISBN:9781118313718 TO:cooperl A biochemical trait which is a quality of an enzymatic reaction. enzymatic activity (related) enzyme catalytic activity (related) enzyme activity trait A biochemical trait which is a quality of an enzymatic reaction. TO:cooperl A mineral and ion content trait (TO:0000465) which is the potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) composition in a plant structure (PO:0009011). potassium content A mineral and ion content trait (TO:0000465) which is the potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) composition in a plant structure (PO:0009011). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl RELTDWT (related) relative total dry weight An inflorescence width (TO:0000804) trait which is the width of a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). SPIKEWD (related) spike width An inflorescence width (TO:0000804) trait which is the width of a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). TO:cooperl BRWRYLD (related) brown rice yield They are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease preventive properties. phytochemical compound content They are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have protective or disease preventive properties. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is the height of an inflorescence (PO:0009049) measured from ground to the attachment point. INFLOHT (related) inflorescence height An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is the height of an inflorescence (PO:0009049) measured from ground to the attachment point. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009049 TO:moorel An infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000920) which is the number of rows of kernels per ear infructescence (PO:0025597). KERROWNB (related) kernel row number per ear (related) kernel row number per ear An infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000920) which is the number of rows of kernels per ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:cooperl A infructescence yield trait (TO:0000936) which is the length of a kernel row from base to where kernels end on the ear infructescence (PO:0025597). KERROWLG (related) kernel set length (related) kernel row length A infructescence yield trait (TO:0000936) which is the length of a kernel row from base to where kernels end on the ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:cooperl A yield trait (TO:0000371) which is the yield of starch from a plant structure (PO:0009011). STARCHYLD (related) starch yield A yield trait (TO:0000371) which is the yield of starch from a plant structure (PO:0009011). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A caryopsis fruit morphology trait (TO:0001079) which is the length of a grain (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104). GRLG (exact) DHULGRLG (related) KERLG (related) kernel length (related) length of dehulled grain (related) length of grain without hull (related) grain length A caryopsis fruit morphology trait (TO:0001079) which is the length of a grain (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:moorel A multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000836) which is a quality of a plant organ (PO:0009008). plant organ morphology trait A multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000836) which is a quality of a plant organ (PO:0009008). PO:0009008 TO:cooperl A plant organ morphology trait (TO:0000736) which is a quality of a plant axis (PO:0025004). plant axis morphology trait A plant organ morphology trait (TO:0000736) which is a quality of a plant axis (PO:0025004). PO:0025004 TO:cooperl A plant axis morphology trait (TO:0000738) which is a quality of a shoot axis (PO:0025029). shoot axis morphology trait A plant axis morphology trait (TO:0000738) which is a quality of a shoot axis (PO:0025029). PO:0025029 TO:cooperl A shoot axis morphology trait (TO:0000739) which is a quality of a branch (PO:0025073). branch morphology trait A shoot axis morphology trait (TO:0000739) which is a quality of a branch (PO:0025073). PO:0025073 TO:cooperl A plant axis morphology trait (TO:0000738) which is quality of a tuber (PO:0004543). tuber morphology trait A plant axis morphology trait (TO:0000738) which is quality of a tuber (PO:0004543). PO:0004543 TO:cooperl A tuber morphology trait (TO:0000741) which is a quality of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). subterranean shoot axis tuber morphology trait A tuber morphology trait (TO:0000741) which is a quality of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). PO:0004547 TO:cooperl A subterranean shoot axis tuber morphology trait (TO:0000742) which is the size of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). tuber size (broad) subterranean shoot axis tuber size A subterranean shoot axis tuber morphology trait (TO:0000742) which is the size of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). PO:0004547 TO:cooperl A subterranean shoot axis tuber morphology trait (TO:0000742) which is the mass of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). tuber mass (broad) tuber weight (exact) subterranean shoot axis tuber mass A subterranean shoot axis tuber morphology trait (TO:0000742) which is the mass of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). PO:0004547 TO:cooperl A plant organ morphology trait (TO:0000736) which is quality of a phyllome (PO:0006001). phyllome morphology trait A plant organ morphology trait (TO:0000736) which is quality of a phyllome (PO:0006001). PO:0006001 TO:cooperl A phyllome morphology trait (TO:0000747) which is quality of a leaf (PO:0025034). leaf morphology trait A phyllome morphology trait (TO:0000747) which is quality of a leaf (PO:0025034). PO:0025034 TO:cooperl A cardinal organ part of a multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000837) which is a quality of a cardinal organ part (PO:0025001). cardinal organ part morphology trait A cardinal organ part of a multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000837) which is a quality of a cardinal organ part (PO:0025001). PO:0025001 TO:cooperl TO:moorel A cardinal organ part morphology trait (TO:0000754) which is a quality of a shoot axis internode (PO:0005005). shoot axis internode morphology trait A cardinal organ part morphology trait (TO:0000754) which is a quality of a shoot axis internode (PO:0005005). PO:0005005 TO:cooperl A shoot axis internode morphology trait (TO:0000755) which is a quality of a stem internode (PO:0020142). stem internode morphology trait A shoot axis internode morphology trait (TO:0000755) which is a quality of a stem internode (PO:0020142). PO:0020142 TO:cooperl A shoot axis morphology trait (TO:0000739) which is a quality of an inflorescence axis (PO:0020122). inflorescence axis morphology trait A shoot axis morphology trait (TO:0000739) which is a quality of an inflorescence axis (PO:0020122). PO:0020122 TO:cooperl An inflorescence axis morphology trait (TO:0000782) which is the size of an inflorescence axis (PO:0020122). inflorescence axis size An inflorescence axis morphology trait (TO:0000782) which is the size of an inflorescence axis (PO:0020122). PO:0020122 TO:cooperl A shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000077) that is a quality of a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082). reproductive shoot system morphology trait A shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000077) that is a quality of a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082). PO:0025082 TO:cooperl An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is the weight of an inflorescence (PO:0009049). head weight (narrow) inflorescence weight An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is the weight of an inflorescence (PO:0009049). PO:0009049 TO:cooperl An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is the width of an inflorescence (PO:0009049). head width (narrow) INFLWD (related) inflorescence width An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is the width of an inflorescence (PO:0009049). PO:0009049 TO:cooperl A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496). multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496). PO:0025496 TO:moorel A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a cardinal organ part of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498). cardinal part of a multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a cardinal organ part of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498). PO:0025498 TO:moorel A plant morphology trait (TO:0000017) which is a quality of a plant structure (PO:0009011). plant structure morphology trait A plant morphology trait (TO:0000017) which is a quality of a plant structure (PO:0009011). PO:0009011 TO:cooperl TO:moorel A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a collective plant structure (PO:0025497). collective plant structure morphology trait A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a collective plant structure (PO:0025497). PO:0025497 TO:cooperl TO:moorel A collective plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000840) which is a quality of a collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). collective plant organ structure morphology trait A collective plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000840) which is a quality of a collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). PO:0025007 TO:cooperl TO:moorel A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007). portion of plant tissue morphology trait A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007). PO:0009007 TO:moorel A collective plant organ structure morphology trait (TO:0000842) which is a quality of a collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023). collective phyllome structure morphology trait A collective plant organ structure morphology trait (TO:0000842) which is a quality of a collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023). PO:0025023 TO:cooperl TO:moorel An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is a quality of a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). panicle related trait (related) panicle inflorescence morphology trait An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is a quality of a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). TO:cooperl TO:moorel A flower morphology trait (TO:0000499) which is the length of a flower (PO:0009046). flower length A flower morphology trait (TO:0000499) which is the length of a flower (PO:0009046). PO:0009046 TO:moorel A plant organ morphology trait (TO:0000736) which is a quality of a floral organ (PO:0025395). floral organ morphology trait A plant organ morphology trait (TO:0000736) which is a quality of a floral organ (PO:0025395). PO:0025395 TO:moorel A phyllome morphology trait (TO:0000747) which is a quality of a sporophyll (PO:0009026). sporophyll morphology trait A phyllome morphology trait (TO:0000747) which is a quality of a sporophyll (PO:0009026). PO:0009026 TO:moorel A sporophyll morphology trait (TO:0000866) which is a quality of a megasporophyll (PO:0009027). megasporophyll morphology trait A sporophyll morphology trait (TO:0000866) which is a quality of a megasporophyll (PO:0009027). PO:0009027 TO:moorel A shoot system yield trait (TO:0000327) which is comprised of leaves (PO:0025034) or parts of leaves. leaf yield trait A shoot system yield trait (TO:0000327) which is comprised of leaves (PO:0025034) or parts of leaves. TO:cooperl A shoot system yield trait (TO:0000327) which is the yield of fruits (PO:0009001). fruit yield trait A shoot system yield trait (TO:0000327) which is the yield of fruits (PO:0009001). TO:cooperl A leaf weight trait (TO:0000505) which is the the measure of the wet weight of a leaf (PO:0025034). leaf wet weight A leaf weight trait (TO:0000505) which is the the measure of the wet weight of a leaf (PO:0025034). PO:0025034 TO:moorel A stem morphology trait (TO:0000361) which is the size of a stem (PO:0009047). core size (narrow) stalk size (related) stem size A stem morphology trait (TO:0000361) which is the size of a stem (PO:0009047). PO:0009047 TO:moorel An infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000920) which is the number of fruits (PO:0009001). accessory fruit number (narrow) fruit number trait An infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000920) which is the number of fruits (PO:0009001). PO:0009001 TO:moorel A harvest index (TO:0000128) which is the percent of usable fruit (PO:0009001). fruit harvest index A harvest index (TO:0000128) which is the percent of usable fruit (PO:0009001). PO:0009001 TO:moorel A harvest index (TO:0000128) which is the percent of usable leaves (PO:0025034). leaf harvest index A harvest index (TO:0000128) which is the percent of usable leaves (PO:0025034). PO:0025034 TO:moorel A harvest index (TO:0000128) which is the percent of usable seeds (PO:0009010). seed harvest index A harvest index (TO:0000128) which is the percent of usable seeds (PO:0009010). PO:0009010 TO:moorel A shoot system yield trait (TO:0000327) which is the yield of seeds (PO:0009010). seed yield trait A shoot system yield trait (TO:0000327) which is the yield of seeds (PO:0009010). PO:0009010 TO:cooperl TO:moorel A caryopsis fruit morphology trait (TO:0001079) which is the weight of a caryopsis fruit (grain or kernel; PO:0030104). GRWT (exact) caryopsis fruit weight (exact) kernel weight (exact) 20 kernel weight (narrow) kwt (related) grain weight A caryopsis fruit morphology trait (TO:0001079) which is the weight of a caryopsis fruit (grain or kernel; PO:0030104). TO:cooperl kwt (related) MaizeGDB:78154 A reproductive shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000786) which is a quality of the infructescence (PO:0006342). infructescence morphology trait A reproductive shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000786) which is a quality of the infructescence (PO:0006342). TO:cooperl A shoot axis morphology trait (TO:0000739) which is a quality of an infructescence axis (PO:0025242). infructescence axis morphology trait A shoot axis morphology trait (TO:0000739) which is a quality of an infructescence axis (PO:0025242). TO:cooperl An infructescence axis morphology trait (TO:0000921) which is the weight of a cob. cob weight An infructescence axis morphology trait (TO:0000921) which is the weight of a cob. TO:moorel An ear infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000976) that is the weight of an ear infructescence (PO:0025597). earwt (related) ear weight An ear infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000976) that is the weight of an ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:cooperl earwt (related) MaizeGDB:??? A plant quality trait (TO:0000597) which is the commercial and /or economical value of a seed (PO:0009010) , or its overall improvement. seed quality trait A plant quality trait (TO:0000597) which is the commercial and /or economical value of a seed (PO:0009010) , or its overall improvement. TO:cooperl A shoot system yield trait (TO:0000327) which is a quality of an infructescence (PO:0006342), or the number born on a plant. seeds per panicle (related) infructescence yield trait A shoot system yield trait (TO:0000327) which is a quality of an infructescence (PO:0006342), or the number born on a plant. TO:cooperl An infructescence yield trait (TO:0000936) that is the number of kernels (fruit; PO:0009001) per ear infructescence (PO:0025597). kernel number per ear An infructescence yield trait (TO:0000936) that is the number of kernels (fruit; PO:0009001) per ear infructescence (PO:0025597). PMID:22027895 TO:cooperl An infructescence yield trait (TO:0000936) that is the number of kernels (fruit; PO:0009001) per row on an ear infructescence (PO:0025597). kernel number per row An infructescence yield trait (TO:0000936) that is the number of kernels (fruit; PO:0009001) per row on an ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:cooperl An infructescence yield trait (TO:0000936) which is the number of ranks of cupules per ear infructescence (PO:0025597). rank number per ear An infructescence yield trait (TO:0000936) which is the number of ranks of cupules per ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:cooperl A stem morphology trait (TO:0000361) which is the weight of a stem (PO:0009047). stalk weight (narrow) stem weight A stem morphology trait (TO:0000361) which is the weight of a stem (PO:0009047). TO:cooperl A shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000077) which is the number of stems (PO:0009047). stalk number (narrow) stem number A shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000077) which is the number of stems (PO:0009047). TO:cooperl An infructescence axis morphology trait (TO:0000921) which is the length of a cob. cob length An infructescence axis morphology trait (TO:0000921) which is the length of a cob. TO:ejohnson An infructescence axis morphology trait (TO:0000921) which is the width of a cob. cob width An infructescence axis morphology trait (TO:0000921) which is the width of a cob. TO:ejohnson An infructescence axis morphology trait (TO:0000921) which is the area of a cob. cob area An infructescence axis morphology trait (TO:0000921) which is the area of a cob. TO:ejohnson An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is a quality of an ear inflorescence (PO:0020136). ear inflorescence morphology trait An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is a quality of an ear inflorescence (PO:0020136). TO:cooperl A caryopsis fruit morphology trait (TO:0001079) which is the width of a grain (PO:0009001). caryopsis width (exact) kernel width (exact) grain width A caryopsis fruit morphology trait (TO:0001079) which is the width of a grain (PO:0009001). TO:austin_meier TO:cooperl An infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000920) which is a quality of the ear infructescence (PO:0025597). ear infructescence morphology trait An infructescence morphology trait (TO:0000920) which is a quality of the ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:Ethan_Johnson A collective plant organ structure morphology trait (TO:0000842) which is a quality of a root system (PO:0025025). root system morphology trait A collective plant organ structure morphology trait (TO:0000842) which is a quality of a root system (PO:0025025). ethan_johnson PO:0025025 A leaf weight trait (TO:0000505) which is the dry weight of a leaf (PO:0025034). leaf dry weight A leaf weight trait (TO:0000505) which is the dry weight of a leaf (PO:0025034). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0025034 TO:moorel A ratio of root dry weight to total plant dry weight. root dry weight to total plant dry weight ratio (related) root to total biomass ratio A ratio of root dry weight to total plant dry weight. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal Volume of the sap exudate collected from the cut parts of a plant. Sap per tiller (related) exudate sap volume Volume of the sap exudate collected from the cut parts of a plant. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A mineral and ion content trait (TO:0000465) which is the phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) composition in a plant structure (PO:0009011). PHOCN (related) phosphorus content A mineral and ion content trait (TO:0000465) which is the phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) composition in a plant structure (PO:0009011). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl Amount of phosphorus in the leaf. LFPHOCN (related) leaf phosphorus content Amount of phosphorus in the leaf. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal It is a ratio of harvest index in stress to that of control environment. relative harvest index It is a ratio of harvest index in stress to that of control environment. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A stem morphology trait (TO:0000361) which is the width of a stem (PO:0009047). culm diameter (related) culm width (related) stem width A stem morphology trait (TO:0000361) which is the width of a stem (PO:0009047). Gramene:cwt PO:0009047 TO:moorel A yield trait (TO:0000371) which is the yield of roots (PO:0009005). root yield A yield trait (TO:0000371) which is the yield of roots (PO:0009005). TO:cooperl A root system morphology trait (TO:0000985) which is the width of the root system (PO:0025025). root system width A root system morphology trait (TO:0000985) which is the width of the root system (PO:0025025). PMID:21454799 TO:cooperl A shoot system yield trait (TO:0000327) which is the yield of shoot axis tubers (PO:0004543). shoot axis tuber yield A shoot system yield trait (TO:0000327) which is the yield of shoot axis tubers (PO:0004543). TO:cooperl A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is a quality of a berry fruit (PO:0030108). berry fruit morphology trait A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is a quality of a berry fruit (PO:0030108). TO:cooperl A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is a quality of a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). grain morphology trait (exact) kernel morphology trait (exact) caryopsis fruit morphology trait A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is a quality of a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). TO:cooperl A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is a quality of a legume fruit (PO:0030100). pod morphology trait (exact) legume fruit morphology trait A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is a quality of a legume fruit (PO:0030100). TO:cooperl A berry fruit morphology trait (TO:0001077) which is the weight of a berry fruit (PO:0030108). berry fruit weight A berry fruit morphology trait (TO:0001077) which is the weight of a berry fruit (PO:0030108). TO:cooperl A legume fruit morphology trait (TO:0001082) which is the weight of a legume fruit (PO:0030100). pod weight (exact) legume fruit weight A legume fruit morphology trait (TO:0001082) which is the weight of a legume fruit (PO:0030100). TO:cooperl A berry fruit morphology trait (TO:0001077) which is a quality of a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). pepo morphology trait (exact) pepo fruit morphology trait A berry fruit morphology trait (TO:0001077) which is a quality of a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). TO:cooperl A floral organ morphology trait (TO:0000862) which is the size of a floral organ (PO:0025395). floral organ size A floral organ morphology trait (TO:0000862) which is the size of a floral organ (PO:0025395). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0025395 TO:moorel A pistil morphology trait (TO:0000223) which is the size of a pistil. pistil size A pistil morphology trait (TO:0000223) which is the size of a pistil. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:moorel A pistil morphology trait (TO:0000223) which is the length of a pistil. pistil length A pistil morphology trait (TO:0000223) which is the length of a pistil. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:moorel A floral organ morphology trait (TO:0000862) which is the length of a floral organ (PO:0025395). floral organ length A floral organ morphology trait (TO:0000862) which is the length of a floral organ (PO:0025395). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0025395 TO:moorel A floral organ morphology trait (TO:0000862) which is the width of a floral organ (PO:0025395). floral organ width A floral organ morphology trait (TO:0000862) which is the width of a floral organ (PO:0025395). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0025395 TO:moorel A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is the size of a fruit (PO:0009001). kernel size (narrow) pod size (narrow) FRSZ (related) fruit size A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is the size of a fruit (PO:0009001). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:moorel A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is the length of a fruit (PO:0009001). GRLG (narrow) grain length (narrow) pod length (narrow) fruit length A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is the length of a fruit (PO:0009001). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009001 TO:moorel A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is the width of a fruit (PO:0009001). kernel width (narrow) FRWD (related) kernel plumpness (related) percentage of plump kernels (related) plump grain (related) fruit width A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) which is the width of a fruit (PO:0009001). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009001 TO:moorel A multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000836) which is a quality of a fruit (PO:0009001). fruit morphology (related) fruit morphology trait A multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000836) which is a quality of a fruit (PO:0009001). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009001 TO:moorel A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the size of a leaf (PO:0025034). leaf size A leaf morphology trait (TO:0000748) which is the size of a leaf (PO:0025034). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0025034 TO:cooperl A pistil morphology trait (TO:0000223) which is the number of pistils in the gynoecium (PO:0009062). pistil number A pistil morphology trait (TO:0000223) which is the number of pistils in the gynoecium (PO:0009062). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009062 TO:moorel Amount of phosphorus in the seed. SDPHOCN (related) seed phosphorus content Amount of phosphorus in the seed. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a plant cell (PO:0009002). plant cell morphology trait A plant structure morphology trait (TO:0000839) which is a quality of a plant cell (PO:0009002). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009002 TO:moorel A plant cell morphology trait (TO:0002683) which is the size of a plant cell (PO:0009002) type. plant cell size A plant cell morphology trait (TO:0002683) which is the size of a plant cell (PO:0009002) type. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009002 TO:moorel A plant quality trait (TO:0000597) which is the commercial and /or economical value of a fruit (PO:0009001) , or its overall improvement. fruit quality trait A plant quality trait (TO:0000597) which is the commercial and /or economical value of a fruit (PO:0009001) , or its overall improvement. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000582 ) which is the number of flowers (PO:0009046). flower number trait An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000582 ) which is the number of flowers (PO:0009046). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009046 TO:moorel A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) that is the weight of a fruit (PO:0009001). fruit weight A fruit morphology trait (TO:0002629) that is the weight of a fruit (PO:0009001). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:cooperl A fruit number trait (TO:0000894) which is the number of grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104) in an infructescence (PO:0006342). GRNB (related) kernel number (related) grain number A fruit number trait (TO:0000894) which is the number of grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104) in an infructescence (PO:0006342). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0006342 PO:0030104 TO:moorel TO:cooperl A stem weight trait (TO:0000952) which is the fresh weight of a stem (PO:0009047). stem fresh weight A stem weight trait (TO:0000952) which is the fresh weight of a stem (PO:0009047). TO:malaporte A stem weight trait (TO:0000952) which is the dry weight of a stem (PO:0009047). stem dry weight A stem weight trait (TO:0000952) which is the dry weight of a stem (PO:0009047). TO:malaporte An infructescence weight trait (TO:0000583) which is the fresh weight of an infructescence (PO:0006342). bunch fresh weight (narrow) infructescence fresh weight An infructescence weight trait (TO:0000583) which is the fresh weight of an infructescence (PO:0006342). TO:malaporte An infructescence weight trait (TO:0000583) which is the dry weight of an infructescence (PO:0006342). bunch dry weight (narrow) infructescence dry weight An infructescence weight trait (TO:0000583) which is the dry weight of an infructescence (PO:0006342). TO:malaporte A fruit weight trait (TO:0002746) that is the fresh weight of a fruit (PO:0009001). fruit fresh weight A fruit weight trait (TO:0002746) that is the fresh weight of a fruit (PO:0009001). TO:malaporte A fruit weight trait (TO:0002746) that is the dry weight of a fruit (PO:0009001). fruit dry weight A fruit weight trait (TO:0002746) that is the dry weight of a fruit (PO:0009001). TO:malaporte A reproductive shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000786) which is a quality of a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). second order infructescence morphology trait A reproductive shoot system morphology trait (TO:0000786) which is a quality of a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). TO:malaporte A second order infructescence morphology trait (TO:0003006) which is the fresh weight of a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). hand fresh weight A second order infructescence morphology trait (TO:0003006) which is the fresh weight of a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). TO:malaporte A second order infructescence morphology trait (TO:0003006) which is the dry weight of a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). hand dry weight A second order infructescence morphology trait (TO:0003006) which is the dry weight of a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). TO:malaporte A tuberous root tuber morphology trait (TO:1000007) which is the weight of a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). storage root weight (exact) tuberous root tuber weight A tuberous root tuber morphology trait (TO:1000007) which is the weight of a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). TO:malaporte A tuberous root tuber weight trait (TO:0003009) which is the fresh weight of a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). storage root fresh weight (exact) tuberous root tuber fresh weight A tuberous root tuber weight trait (TO:0003009) which is the fresh weight of a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). TO:malaporte A tuberous root tuber weight trait (TO:0003009) which is the dry weight of a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). storage root dry weight (exact) tuberous root tuber dry weight A tuberous root tuber weight trait (TO:0003009) which is the dry weight of a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). TO:malaporte A subterranean shoot axis tuber weight trait (TO:0000746) which is the fresh weight of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). tuber fresh weight (exact) subterranean shoot axis tuber fresh weight A subterranean shoot axis tuber weight trait (TO:0000746) which is the fresh weight of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). TO:malaporte A subterranean shoot axis tuber weight trait (TO:0000746) which is the dry weight of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). tuber dry weight (exact) subterranean shoot axis tuber dry weight A subterranean shoot axis tuber weight trait (TO:0000746) which is the dry weight of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). TO:malaporte A grain weight (TO:0000919) which is the fresh weight of a grain (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), including the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). grain fresh weight A grain weight (TO:0000919) which is the fresh weight of a grain (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), including the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). TO:malaporte A grain weight (TO:0000919) which is the dry weight of a grain (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), including the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). grain dry weight A grain weight (TO:0000919) which is the dry weight of a grain (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), including the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). TO:malaporte A 100-grain weight (TO:0000269) which is the fresh weight of a sample of 100 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). 100-grain fresh weight A 100-grain weight (TO:0000269) which is the fresh weight of a sample of 100 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). TO:malaporte A grain weight (TO:0000269) which is the dry weight of a sample of 100 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). 100-grain dry weight A grain weight (TO:0000269) which is the dry weight of a sample of 100 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). TO:malaporte A grain weight (TO:0000382) which is the fresh weight of a sample of 1000 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). 1000-grain fresh weight A grain weight (TO:0000382) which is the fresh weight of a sample of 1000 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). TO:malaporte A grain weight (TO:0000382) which is the dry weight of a sample of 1000 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). 1000-grain dry weight A grain weight (TO:0000382) which is the dry weight of a sample of 1000 grains (caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104), with the caryopsis hull (PO:0006000). TO:malaporte An infructescence weight trait (TO:0000014) which is the fresh weight of a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). panicle fresh weight An infructescence weight trait (TO:0000014) which is the fresh weight of a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). TO:malaporte An infructescence weight trait (TO:0000014) which is the dry weight of a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). panicle dry weight An infructescence weight trait (TO:0000014) which is the dry weight of a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). TO:malaporte An ear infructescence weight trait (TO:0000923) that is the fresh weight of an ear infructescence (PO:0025597). ear fresh weight An ear infructescence weight trait (TO:0000923) that is the fresh weight of an ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:malaporte An ear infructescence weight trait (TO:0000923) that is the dry weight of an ear infructescence (PO:0025597). ear dry weight An ear infructescence weight trait (TO:0000923) that is the dry weight of an ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:malaporte A cob weight trait (TO:0000922) which is the fresh weight of a cob (ear infructescence axis; PO:0025623). cob fresh weight A cob weight trait (TO:0000922) which is the fresh weight of a cob (ear infructescence axis; PO:0025623). TO:malaporte A cob weight trait (TO:0000922) which is the dry weight of a cob (ear infructescence axis; PO:0025623). cob dry weight A cob weight trait (TO:0000922) which is the dry weight of a cob (ear infructescence axis; PO:0025623). TO:malaporte An inflorescence weight (TO:0000803) trait which is the weight of a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). spike weight An inflorescence weight (TO:0000803) trait which is the weight of a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). TO:malaporte A spike weight (TO:0003026) trait which is the fresh weight of a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). spike fresh weight A spike weight (TO:0003026) trait which is the fresh weight of a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). TO:malaporte A spike weight (TO:0003026) trait which is the dry weight of a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). spike dry weight A spike weight (TO:0003026) trait which is the dry weight of a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). TO:malaporte A legume fruit weight trait (TO:0001092) which is the dry weight of a legume fruit (PO:0030100). pod dry weight (exact) legume fruit dry weight A legume fruit weight trait (TO:0001092) which is the dry weight of a legume fruit (PO:0030100). TO:malaporte A legume fruit weight trait (TO:0001092) which is the fresh weight of a legume fruit (PO:0030100). pod fresh weight (exact) legume fruit fresh weight A legume fruit weight trait (TO:0001092) which is the fresh weight of a legume fruit (PO:0030100). TO:malaporte A pepo fruit morphology trait (TO:0001098) which is the weight of a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). banana finger weight (exact) pepo fruit weight A pepo fruit morphology trait (TO:0001098) which is the weight of a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). TO:malaporte A pepo fruit weight trait (TO:0003031) which is the fresh weight of a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). banana finger fresh weight (exact) pepo fruit fresh weight A pepo fruit weight trait (TO:0003031) which is the fresh weight of a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). TO:malaporte A pepo fruit weight trait (TO:0003031) which is the dry weight of a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). banana finger dry weight (exact) pepo fruit dry weight A pepo fruit weight trait (TO:0003031) which is the dry weight of a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a leaf (PO:0025034). leaf moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a leaf (PO:0025034). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a stem (PO:0009047). stem moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a stem (PO:0009047). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a root (PO:0009005). root moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a root (PO:0009005). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of the whole plant (PO:0000003). plant moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of the whole plant (PO:0000003). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of the shoot system (PO:0009006). shoot moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of the shoot system (PO:0009006). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a infructescence (PO:0006342). bunch moisture content (narrow) infructescence moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a infructescence (PO:0006342). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). banana finger moisture content (exact) pepo fruit moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). banana hand moisture content (exact) second order infructescence moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). storage root moisture content (exact) tuberous root tuber moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). tuber moisture content (exact) subterranean shoot axis tuber moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a legume fruit (PO:0030100). pod moisture content (exact) legume fruit moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a legume fruit (PO:0030100). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). panicle moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a ear infructescence (PO:0025597). ear moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623). cob moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). spike moisture content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of moisture of a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a leaf (PO:0025034). leaf potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a leaf (PO:0025034). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a stem (PO:0009047). stem potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a stem (PO:0009047). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in an infructescence (PO:0006342). bunch potassium content (narrow) infructescence potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in an infructescence (PO:0006342). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). banana finger potassium content (exact) pepo fruit potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). banana hand potassium content (exact) second order infructescence potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). storage root potassium content (exact) tuberous root tuber potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). tuber potassium content (exact) subterranean shoot axis tuber potassium content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). grain potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). panicle potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a ear infructescence (PO:0025597). ear potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623). cob potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). spike potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). TO:malaporte A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a legume fruit (PO:0030100). pod potassium content (exact) legume fruit potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the amount of potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) in a legume fruit (PO:0030100). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a stem (PO:0009047). stem nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a stem (PO:0009047). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in an infructescence (PO:0006342). bunch nitrogen content (narrow) infructescence nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in an infructescence (PO:0006342). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). banana finger nitrogen content (exact) pepo fruit nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). banana hand nitrogen content (exact) second order infructescence nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). storage root nitrogen content (exact) tuberous root tuber nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). tuber nitrogen content (exact) subterranean shoot axis tuber nitrogen content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). grain nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). panicle nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a ear infructescence (PO:0025597). ear nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623). cob nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). spike nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a legume fruit (PO:0030100). pod nitrogen content (exact) legume fruit nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a legume fruit (PO:0030100). TO:malaporte A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a root (PO:0009005). root nitrogen content A nitrogen content trait (TO:0020093) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a root (PO:0009005). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a stem (PO:0009047). stem phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a stem (PO:0009047). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in an infructescence (PO:0006342). bunch phosphorus content (narrow) infructescence phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in an infructescence (PO:0006342). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). banana finger phosphorus content (exact) pepo fruit phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). banana hand phosphorus content (exact) second order infructescence phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). storage root phosphorus content (exact) tuberous root tuber phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). tuber phosphorus content (exact) subterranean shoot axis tuber phosphorus content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). grain phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). panicle phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a ear infructescence (PO:0025597). ear phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623). cob phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). spike phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). TO:malaporte A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a legume fruit (PO:0030100). pod phosphorus content (exact) legume fruit phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the amount of phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) in a legume fruit (PO:0030100). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a leaf (PO:0025034). leaf carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a leaf (PO:0025034). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a stem (PO:0009047). stem carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a stem (PO:0009047). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a root (PO:0009005). root carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a root (PO:0009005). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in an infructescence (PO:0006342). bunch carbon content (narrow) infructescence carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in an infructescence (PO:0006342). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). banana finger carbon content (exact) pepo fruit carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a pepo fruit (PO:0030111). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). banana hand carbon content (exact) second order infructescence carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a second order infructescence (PO:0025241). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). storage root carbon content (exact) tuberous root tuber carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). TO:malaporte A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). tuber carbon content (exact) subterranean shoot axis tuber carbon content A moisture content trait (TO:0000228) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a subterranean shoot axis tuber (PO:0004547). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). grain carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). panicle carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a ear infructescence (PO:0025597). ear carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a ear infructescence (PO:0025597). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623). cob carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). spike carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a spike inflorescence (PO:0030117). TO:malaporte A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a legume fruit (PO:0030100). pod carbon content (exact) legume fruit carbon content A carbon content trait (TO:0000466) which is the amount of carbon (CHEBI:27594) in a legume fruit (PO:0030100). TO:malaporte A megasporophyll morphology trait (TO:0000867) which is a quality of a carpel (PO:0009030). carpel morphology trait A megasporophyll morphology trait (TO:0000867) which is a quality of a carpel (PO:0009030). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009030 TO:moorel A carpel morphology trait (TO:0006012) which is the number of carpels (PO:0009030) in the gynoecium (PO:0009062). carpel number A carpel morphology trait (TO:0006012) which is the number of carpels (PO:0009030) in the gynoecium (PO:0009062). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009030 PO:0009062 TO:moorel An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is the variation in size of inflorescence (PO:0009049). inflorescence size An inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000373) which is the variation in size of inflorescence (PO:0009049). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009049 TO:moorel A panicle inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000847) which is the variation in size of panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). panicle inflorescence size A panicle inflorescence morphology trait (TO:0000847) which is the variation in size of panicle inflorescence (PO:0030123). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:moorel The average width of a plant measured across an axis such as the main stem/stalk. plant width The average width of a plant measured across an axis such as the main stem/stalk. Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal Leaf Area Index (LAI) is the ratio of total upper leaf surface of vegetation divided by the surface area of the land on which the vegetation grows. leaf area index Leaf Area Index (LAI) is the ratio of total upper leaf surface of vegetation divided by the surface area of the land on which the vegetation grows. Wikipedia:Leaf_area_index A chlorophyll content trait (TO:0000495) which is the chlorophyll content of a leaf (PO:0025034). leaf chlorophyll content A chlorophyll content trait (TO:0000495) which is the chlorophyll content of a leaf (PO:0025034). PO:0025034 TO:cooperl A grain yield trait (TO:0000396) which is the ratio of grain weight (TO:0000919) to panicle weight (TO:0000014). grain weight to panicle weight ratio A grain yield trait (TO:0000396) which is the ratio of grain weight (TO:0000919) to panicle weight (TO:0000014). TO:cooperl A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) composition in a shoot system (PO:0009006). shoot system potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) composition in a shoot system (PO:0009006). Gramene:cwt ICRIS:019 TO:cooperl https://search.proquest.com/docview/1426182399 The trait takes into account energy losses occurring in the animal in faeces, urine and CH4 and estimates how much energy (in calories or joules) a given unit of ground stover is actually available for meat and milk production . Value derived from chemical and in vitro analysis of dried and ground stover. stover related traits (broad) metabolised energy (exact) metabolized energy of stover The trait takes into account energy losses occurring in the animal in faeces, urine and CH4 and estimates how much energy (in calories or joules) a given unit of ground stover is actually available for meat and milk production . Value derived from chemical and in vitro analysis of dried and ground stover. GCP:GCP_324.0000036 ICRISAT:Vincent_Vadez ILRI:Michael_Blummel stover related traits (broad) GCP:GCP_324.000003 A trait to measure percent nitrogen concentration in the stover sample used for predicting crude protein (CP) content of stover by multiplication with a factor of 6.25 (CP = N x 6.25). This concentration is one of the criteria to assess the quality of fodder. Value derived from the analysis of stover using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectrophotometry (NIRS). stover related traits stover nitrogen content A trait to measure percent nitrogen concentration in the stover sample used for predicting crude protein (CP) content of stover by multiplication with a factor of 6.25 (CP = N x 6.25). This concentration is one of the criteria to assess the quality of fodder. Value derived from the analysis of stover using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectrophotometry (NIRS). GCP:GCP_324.0000016 ICRISAT:Vincent_Vadez ILRI:Michael_Blummel stover related traits GCP:GCP_324.000003 A mineral and ion content trait (TO:0000465) which is the amount of nitrogen (CHEBI:51143) in a plant structure (PO:0009011). nitrogen content A plant cell morphology trait (TO:0002683) which is the length of a plant cell (PO:0009002). plant cell length A plant cell morphology trait (TO:0002683) which is the length of a plant cell (PO:0009002). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal PO:0009002 TO:moorel A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) composition in a shoot system (PO:0009006). shoot system phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait (TO:0001024) which is the phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) composition in a shoot system (PO:0009006). TO:contributors https://search.proquest.com/docview/1426182399 A trait to measure the ethanol yield from the industrial processing of feedstock (biomass). ethanol yield from biomass A trait to measure the ethanol yield from the industrial processing of feedstock (biomass). Gramene:pankaj_jaiswal TO:contributors A tuber morphology trait (TO:0000741) which is the quality of a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). tuberous root tuber morphology trait A tuber morphology trait (TO:0000741) which is the quality of a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476). TO:malaporte A whole plant morphology trait (TO:0000398) which is the size of a whole plant (PO:0000003). planta entera (Spanish) size (exact) bush size (narrow) frutex size (narrow) frutices size (narrow) gametophyte size (narrow) herb size (narrow) liana size (narrow) prothalli size (narrow) prothallium size (narrow) prothallus size (narrow) seedling size (narrow) shrub size (narrow) sporophyte size (narrow) suffrutex size (narrow) suffrutices size (narrow) tree size (narrow) vine size (narrow) woody clump size (narrow) clonal colony size (related) colony size (related) whole plant size true true true A whole plant morphology trait (TO:0000398) which is the size of a whole plant (PO:0000003). TO:cooperl planta entera (Spanish) size (exact) TO:TermGenie bush size (narrow) TO:TermGenie frutex size (narrow) TO:TermGenie frutices size (narrow) TO:TermGenie gametophyte size (narrow) TO:TermGenie herb size (narrow) TO:TermGenie liana size (narrow) TO:TermGenie prothalli size (narrow) TO:TermGenie prothallium size (narrow) TO:TermGenie prothallus size (narrow) TO:TermGenie seedling size (narrow) TO:TermGenie shrub size (narrow) TO:TermGenie sporophyte size (narrow) TO:TermGenie suffrutex size (narrow) TO:TermGenie suffrutices size (narrow) TO:TermGenie tree size (narrow) TO:TermGenie vine size (narrow) TO:TermGenie woody clump size (narrow) TO:TermGenie clonal colony size (related) TO:TermGenie colony size (related) TO:TermGenie A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) composition in a root system (PO:0025025). root K content (related) root system potassium content A potassium content trait (TO:0000609) which is the potassium cation (CHEBI:29103) composition in a root system (PO:0025025). TO:cooperl https://search.proquest.com/docview/1426182399 A phosphorus content trait TO:0001024 which is the phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) composition in a root system (PO:0025025). root P content (related) root system phosphorus content A phosphorus content trait TO:0001024 which is the phosphorus cation (CHEBI:33467) composition in a root system (PO:0025025). TO:cooperl https://search.proquest.com/docview/1426182399 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. biological structure connected biological structure anatomical structure Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. anatomical unit body organ element organ The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. surface (external) ectoderm surface ectoderm external ectoderm Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. blastula embryo blastosphere blastula Anatomical entity that has mass. material anatomical entity Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system body system connected anatomical system organ system anatomical systems anatomical system Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. organism multi-cellular organism animal Koerper body whole body whole organism multicellular organism Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. acellular anatomical structures acellular anatomical structure Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. anatomical cluster Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue tissue Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. epithelial tissue portion of epithelium epithelium Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA] stratified epithelium laminated epithelium multilaminar epithelium Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA] simple epithelium unilaminar epithelia unilaminar epithelium Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. embryonic organism developing organism developmental tissue embryo A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. embryonic tissue germinal layer primary germ layer embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers germ layer Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. embryonic ectoderm ectoderm Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. anatomical entity Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. developing embryonic structure embryonic anatomical structure developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic structures embryonic structure Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. integumentary system body surface dermal system external covering of organism integumentum commune organism surface surface integumental system In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA] epiblast blastocyst ectoblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm epiblast (generic) Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. anatomical surface feature surface feature surface region surface structures surface structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. ectodermal deriviative ectoderm-derived structure A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. portion of embryonic tissue developing tissue embryonic tissue developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue developing anatomical structure A acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. acellular membrane An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. basement membrane of connective tissue membrana basalis basement membrane basement membrane of epithelium Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. future structure presumptive structures presumptive structure Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. presumptive epidermis presumptive ectoderm A rigid covering that envelops an object. shell Organism at the cleavage stage. cleaving embryo The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer hypoderm hypodermis outer epithelium Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. EVL enveloping layer enveloping layer of ectoderm An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. multicellular structure multicellular anatomical structure germ layer / neural crest Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. ectoderm-derived epithelium ecto-epithelium unit length unit A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points. length unit mass unit A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object. mass unit time unit A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence. time unit electric current unit temperature unit substance unit luminous intensity unit base unit prefix area unit acceleration unit angular velocity unit angular acceleration unit concentration unit mass density unit luminance unit area density unit molar mass unit molar volume unit momentum unit rotational frequency unit specific volume unit speed/velocity unit unit of molarity unit of molality unit of normality volume unit frequency unit force unit pressure unit energy unit power unit illuminance unit luminous flux unit catalytic activity unit angle unit plane angle unit solid angle unit radiation unit activity (of a radionuclide) unit absorbed dose unit dose equivalent unit exposure unit irradiance unit light unit radiant intensity unit radiance unit parts per notation unit unit per volume unit density unit linear density unit dimensionless unit percent count unit ratio fraction cell concentration unit catalytic (activity) concentration unit volume per unit volume plaque forming unit per volume electric potential difference unit electric charge magnetic flux unit magnetic flux density unit information unit image resolution unit spatial resolution unit surface tension unit viscosity unit conduction unit electrical conduction unit heat conduction unit electric field strength unit volumetric flow rate unit rate unit giga mega kilo deci milli centi micro nano pico femto atto dose unit t/ha ton per hectare meter based unit second based unit ampere based unit kelvin based unit mole based unit candela based unit angstrom based unit gram based unit degree Celsius based unit minute based unit hour based unit day based unit week based unit month based unit year based unit molar based unit molal based unit normal based unit mole fraction based unit meter per second per second based unit radian per second per second based unit radian per second based unit square meter based unit square centimeter based unit square millimeter based unit gram per cubic centimeter based unit candela per square meter based unit gram per mole based unit cubic meter per mole based unit cubic centimeter per mole based unit turns per second based unit cubic meter per kilogram based unit meter per second based unit cubic meter based unit cubic centimeter based unit liter based unit cubic decimeter based unit hertz based unit newton based unit pascal based unit joule based unit watt based unit lux based unit lumen based unit katal based unit radian based unit steradian based unit becquerel based unit curie based unit gray based unit rad based unit roentgen based unit sievert based unit Roentgen equivalent man based unit disintegrations per minute based unit counts per minute based unit century based unit half life based unit foot candle based unit watt per square meter based unit einstein per square meter per second based unit watt per steradian per square meter based unit watt per steradian based unit mass percentage based unit mass volume percentage based unit volume percentage based unit parts per hundred based unit parts per thousand based unit parts per million based unit parts per billion based unit parts per trillion based unit parts per quadrillion based unit gram per milliliter based unit gram per liter based unit unit per milliliter based unit unit per liter based unit mass per unit volume based unit enzyme unit based unit degree based unit pi based unit molecule count based unit purity percentage based unit confluence percentage based unit degree Fahrenheit based unit pH based unit liter per kilogram based unit cells per milliliter based unit katal per cubic meter based unit katal per liter based unit gram per deciliter based unit colony forming unit based unit plaque forming unit based unit colony forming unit per milliliter based unit plaque forming unit per milliliter based unit disintegrations per second based unit volt based unit coulomb based unit dalton based unit watt-hour based unit weber based unit tesla based unit volt-hour based unit bit based unit byte based unit chroma sampling unit based unit dynamic range unit based unit dots per inch based unit pixels per inch based unit pixels per millimeter based unit base pair based unit kibibyte based unit mebibyte based unit newton per meter based unit dyne per cm based unit pascal second based unit poise based unit effective dose unit based unit siemens based unit watt per meter kelvin based unit electronvolt based unit volt per meter based unit absorbance unit based unit count per nanomolar second based unit count per molar second based unit count per nanomolar based unit count per molar based unit dosage unit based unit relative light unit based unit relative luminescence unit based unit relative fluorescence unit based unit square micrometer based unit hectare based unit inch based unit thou based unit foot based unit yard based unit chain based unit furlong based unit mile based unit league based unit maritime length unit based unit fathom based unit cable based unit nautical mile based unit perch based unit rood based unit acre based unit fluid ounce based unit gill based unit pint based unit quart based unit gallon based unit grain based unit drachm based unit ounce based unit pound based unit stone based unit quarter based unit hundredweight based unit ton based unit slug based unit teaspoon based unit gram per square meter based unit large calorie based unit gray per minute based unit A state of being, an external or environmental factor or a treatment observed or administered prior to or concurrent with an investigative procedure such as an assessment of a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or in a group of individuals or samples, especially a state, factor or treatment which has the potential to influence the outcome of such an assessment. experimental condition A state of being, an external or environmental factor or a treatment observed or administered prior to or concurrent with an investigative procedure such as an assessment of a morphological or physiological state or property in a single individual or sample or in a group of individuals or samples, especially a state, factor or treatment which has the potential to influence the outcome of such an assessment. Multiple_Dictionaries:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ PMID:22654893 Obsolete Class example to be eventually removed example to be eventually removed failed exploratory term The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete organizational term Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot obsolete_core true placeholder removed placeholder removed terms merged An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged term imported This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. term imported term split This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. term split This is to be used if none of the existing instances cover the reason for obsolescence. An editor note should indicate this new reason. We expect to be able to mine these new reasons and add instances as required. obsolete_other true universal Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal defined class A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. Alan Ruttenberg defined class named class expression A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg named class expression to be replaced with external ontology term Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term requires discussion A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion true true true A reference to a place on the Earth, by its name or by its geographical location. geographic location meter kilogram second ampere kelvin mole candela centimeter millimeter micrometer nanometer angstrom picometer gram milligram microgram nanogram picogram femtogram degree Celsius millisecond microsecond picosecond minute hour day week month year milliampere microampere micromole millimole nanomole picomole femtomole attomole molar millimolar micromolar nanomolar picomolar molal millimolal micromolal nanomolal picomolal femtomolar normal mole fraction meter per second per second radian per second per second radian per second square meter square centimeter square millimeter kilogram per cubic meter gram per cubic centimeter candela per square meter kilogram per square meter kilogram per mole gram per mole cubic meter per mole cubic centimeter per mole kilogram meter per second turns per second cubic meter per kilogram meter per second cubic meter cubic centimeter milliliter liter cubic decimeter microliter nanoliter picoliter femtoliter hertz newton pascal joule watt lux lumen katal radian steradian becquerel curie gray rad roentgen sievert millisievert microsievert Roentgen equivalent man microgray milligray nanogray nanosievert millicurie microcurie disintegrations per minute counts per minute nanosecond century half life foot candle watt per square meter einstein per square meter per second watt per steradian per square meter microeinstein per square meter per second watt per steradian mass percentage mass volume percentage volume percentage parts per hundred parts per thousand parts per million parts per billion parts per trillion parts per quadrillion gram per milliliter kilogram per liter gram per liter milligram per milliliter unit per milliliter unit per liter mass per unit volume enzyme unit kilogram per meter degree pi molecule count purity percentage confluence percentage degree Fahrenheit pH liter per kilogram milliliter per kilogram microliter per kilogram cells per milliliter katal per cubic meter katal per liter milliliter per cubic meter milliliter per liter gram per deciliter deciliter colony forming unit plaque forming unit colony forming unit per volume colony forming unit per milliliter plaque forming unit per milliliter disintegrations per second volt coulomb dalton kilodalton watt-hour kilowatt-hour weber tesla volt-hour kilovolt-hour bit byte kilobyte megabyte chroma sampling unit dynamic range unit dots per inch micron pixel pixels per inch pixels per millimeter base pair kibibyte mebibyte millivolt kilovolt microvolt nanovolt picovolt megavolt newton per meter dyne per cm pascal second poise decibel effective dose unit siemens watt per meter kelvin electronvolt volt per meter absorbance unit microliters per minute millimetres of mercury milligram per liter microgram per milliliter nanogram per milliliter milliunits per milliliter count per nanomolar second count per molar second kilogram per hectare kg/ha count per nanomolar count per molar microgram per liter milligram per kilogram milligram per square meter dosage unit milligram per kilogram per day relative light unit relative luminescence unit relative fluorescence unit megaHertz centiMorgan centiRay mega base pair giga base pair square micrometer millisiemens micromole per litre micromole per kilogram millimeters per day kilometer per hour milli hectare inch thou foot yard chain furlong mile league maritime length unit fathom cable nautical mile perch rood acre fluid ounce gill pint quart gallon grain drachm ounce pound stone quarter hundredweight ton slug teaspoon micromole gram per square meter nanogram per microliter large calorie micrograms per wheaton bottle picoampere centigray gigaelectronvolt gigaelectronvolt per nucleon megaelectronvolt per nucleon kiloelectronvolt per micron gray per minute centigray per minute milligray per minute milligray per day milligray per hour milligray per second true MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z infer input from direct reg GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity' enabling an MF enables its parts true GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction' involved in BP From ligand activity to has_ligand This rule is dubious: added as a quick fix for expected inference in GO-CAM. The problem is most acute for transmembrane proteins, such as receptors or cell adhesion molecules, which have some subfunctions inside the cell (e.g. kinase activity) and some subfunctions outside (e.g. ligand binding). Correct annotation of where these functions occurs leads to incorrect inference about the location of the whole protein. This should probably be weakened to "... -> overlaps" If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction From has_ligand to ligand activity effector input is compound function input Input of effector is input of its parent MF if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X 'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). 'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).