1.2
ceph
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
Young, Richard E., Michael Vecchione, and Katharina M. Mangold (1922-2003). 2012. Cephalopoda Cuvier 1797. Octopods, squids, nautiluses, etc.. Version 10 November 2012 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Cephalopoda/19386/2012.11.10 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
is about
todo - mireot
definition
plural term
taxonomic disambiguation
term used in octopoda
term used in squid
source
synonym_type_property
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_related_synonym
has_synonym_type
in_subset
shorthand
obo-source
part_of
BFO:0000050
part_of
has part
BFO:0000051
has_part
homologous_to
develops from
capable_of
adjacent to
aboral to
Away from or opposite the mouth.
Away from or opposite the mouth.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
continuous_with
dorsal_to
proximal_to
secretes
surrounded_by
surrounds
trait of
ventral_to
depicts
eyelid
2011-01-30T08:15:10Z
Consider re-using Uberon class
cjm
accessory nidamental gland
The basic structural unit is a tubule composed of a single layer of epithelial cells containing ordered arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a lumenal surface covered with microvilli, cilia, and structural specialization presumed to be involved in secretion.
The basic structural unit is a tubule composed of a single layer of epithelial cells containing ordered arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a lumenal surface covered with microvilli, cilia, and structural specialization presumed to be involved in secretion.
cephalopod eye
2011-01-30T08:21:37Z
cjm
todo - reconcile with camera-type eye in uberon
circumoral appendage bud
accessory gland complex
The glandular complex in cirrates that forms sperm packets and is a counterpart of the spermatophore-forming complex of other cephalopods.
The glandular complex in cirrates that forms sperm packets and is a counterpart of the spermatophore-forming complex of other cephalopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
acetabulum
A sucker of the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals.
A sucker of the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
adult stage
A female that has mature eggs (these are frequently stored in the oviducts), or a male that has produced spermatophores (these are stored in Needham's sac).
A female that has mature eggs (these are frequently stored in the oviducts), or a male that has produced spermatophores (these are stored in Needham's sac).
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
main nidamental gland
anal flap
A small flap on the lateral side of the anus.
anal valve
A small flap on the lateral side of the anus.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
anterior salivary gland
Glands on or in the buccal mass that aid in preliminary digestion.
Glands on or in the buccal mass that aid in preliminary digestion.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Digestive_System?acc_id=1993
antitragus
Knob that projects inward from the posterior surface of the central depression in the funnel locking-apparatus of some squids.
Knob that projects inward from the posterior surface of the central depression in the funnel locking-apparatus of some squids.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
areolar spot
Circular spots, generally light colored but often with complex pigmentation and of unknown function that occur in lines along the aboral surfaces of some arms and portions of the head in some opisthoteuthid cirrates.
Circular spots, generally light colored but often with complex pigmentation and of unknown function that occur in lines along the aboral surfaces of some arms and portions of the head in some opisthoteuthid cirrates.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
arm
One of the circumoral appendages of cephalopods. In decapodiforms each member of the fourth pair of arms is modified to form a tentacle.
circumoral arm
One of the circumoral appendages of cephalopods. In decapodiforms each member of the fourth pair of arms is modified to form a tentacle.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
arm formula
The relative sizes of arms arranged according to their length. The largest arm is indicated first and the shortest last. An example arm formula is IV>III=II>I. Here arm IV is the largest, followed by arm III which is the same size as arm II and both are larger than arm I.
The relative sizes of arms arranged according to their length. The largest arm is indicated first and the shortest last. An example arm formula is IV>III=II>I. Here arm IV is the largest, followed by arm III which is the same size as arm II and both are larger than arm I.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
arm IV
In some squids arms IV are much longer and broader than the other arms.
ventral arm
In some squids arms IV are much longer and broader than the other arms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Arms_IV:_Size?acc_id=2017
armature of the arms
The grappling structures on the oral surfaces the arms and tentacles, including both suckers and hooks.
The grappling structures on the oral surfaces the arms and tentacles, including both suckers and hooks.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Armature_of_Cephalopod_Arms?acc_id=2018
a-seriation
Type of cusp arrangement on the rachadian tooth of the radula: multiple cusps seem to move laterally when viewing successive rachadian teeth from adjacent rows.
Type of cusp arrangement on the rachadian tooth of the radula: multiple cusps seem to move laterally when viewing successive rachadian teeth from adjacent rows.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
autotomy plane
Plane through an arm of an octopod that is predisposed to break when the arm is autotomized.
Plane through an arm of an octopod that is predisposed to break when the arm is autotomized.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
basal shelf
See cirrate shell terminology.
See cirrate shell terminology.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
beak
One of the two chitinous jaws of cephalopods. The dorsal beak is the "upper" beak and it inserts within the lower beak to tear tissue with a sissors-like cutting action.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod_beak
rostrum
One of the two chitinous jaws of cephalopods. The dorsal beak is the "upper" beak and it inserts within the lower beak to tear tissue with a sissors-like cutting action.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Beak_Terminology?acc_id=1980
beak step
A ridge on the lower beak where the rostral edge merges onto the lateral wall. In most beaks the merger is smooth. This is a characteristic feature of the Onychoteuthidae.
A ridge on the lower beak where the rostral edge merges onto the lateral wall. In most beaks the merger is smooth. This is a characteristic feature of the Onychoteuthidae.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
branchial canal
A large opening at the base of each gill lamella and between the primary afferent and efferent blood vessels of the gill. A branchial canal is absent in <strong>Nautilus</strong> , sepioid decapodiformes and cirrate octopods.
A large opening at the base of each gill lamella and between the primary afferent and efferent blood vessels of the gill. A branchial canal is absent in <strong>Nautilus</strong> , sepioid decapodiformes and cirrate octopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
brachial crown
The combination of arms and tentacles that surround the mouth.
The combination of arms and tentacles that surround the mouth.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brachial_and_Buccal_Crowns?acc_id=1957
brachial lobe of brain
The anterior-most part of the brain located ventral to the esophagus. The large axial nerve cords that run down the centers of the arms connect to this lobe. In octopods this lobe is fused with the rest of the subesophageal mass while in decapodiforms and <strong>Vampyroteuthis</strong> it is separate from the remaining brain.
anterior subesophageal mass
anterior subesophageal mass of brain
The anterior-most part of the brain located ventral to the esophagus. The large axial nerve cords that run down the centers of the arms connect to this lobe. In octopods this lobe is fused with the rest of the subesophageal mass while in decapodiforms and <strong>Vampyroteuthis</strong> it is separate from the remaining brain.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brain_Terminology?acc_id=1944
branchial gland
Elongate gland adjacent to and paralleling the gill where the gill attaches to the mantle wall.
Elongate gland adjacent to and paralleling the gill where the gill attaches to the mantle wall.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
branchial heart
A pulsating gland at the base of the gill and through which the afferent blood to the gills flows. It contributes to the blood flow through the gill but also is the site of hemocyanin (the blood respiratory pigment) synthesis.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchial_heart
Branchial hearts appear to be involved in hemocyanin synthesis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchial_heart
Branchial hearts appear to be involved in hemocyanin synthesis
A pulsating gland at the base of the gill and through which the afferent blood to the gills flows. It contributes to the blood flow through the gill but also is the site of hemocyanin (the blood respiratory pigment) synthesis.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
brachial photophore
Photophores located on the arms.
photophore at base of gill[http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Photophore_Terminology?acc_id=2015]l
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Photophore_Terminology?acc_id=2015
photophore at base of gill[http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Photophore_Terminology?acc_id=2015]l
Photophores located on the arms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
brachial pillar
A very narrow and elongate anterior region of the head between the eyes and the base of the brachial crown. A branchial pillar is especially well developed in many young cranchiid squid.
A very narrow and elongate anterior region of the head between the eyes and the base of the brachial crown. A branchial pillar is especially well developed in many young cranchiid squid.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cephalopod brain
Medial portion of the central nervous system. It includes the subesophageal and supraesophageal masses but generally does not include the large optic lobes.
Medial portion of the central nervous system. It includes the subesophageal and supraesophageal masses but generally does not include the large optic lobes.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brain_Terminology?acc_id=1944
brooding
Incubation of eggs by the parent. A characteristic feature of incirrate octopods but also found in some squid (e.g., Gonatidae).
Incubation of eggs by the parent. A characteristic feature of incirrate octopods but also found in some squid (e.g., Gonatidae).
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
buccal connective
Muscular membrane that runs from the buccal support to the base of the adjacent arm. The position of the connective on the fourth arms was recognized in the early 20th century as an important character in interpreting phylogenetic relationships among decapodiforms.
Muscular membrane that runs from the buccal support to the base of the adjacent arm. The position of the connective on the fourth arms was recognized in the early 20th century as an important character in interpreting phylogenetic relationships among decapodiforms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brachial_and_Buccal_Crowns?acc_id=1957
buccal crown
Umbrella-like structure that surrounds the mouth and is surrounded by the brachial crown. It consists of buccal supports and the buccal membrane. The buccal crown is present in most decapodiforms but absent from all octopodiforms.
Umbrella-like structure that surrounds the mouth and is surrounded by the brachial crown. It consists of buccal supports and the buccal membrane. The buccal crown is present in most decapodiforms but absent from all octopodiforms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brachial_and_Buccal_Crowns?acc_id=1957
buccal mass
Muscular bulb at the beginning of the digestive system that contains the mouth, beaks, radula and various glands.
buccal system
Muscular bulb at the beginning of the digestive system that contains the mouth, beaks, radula and various glands.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Digestive_System?acc_id=1993
buccal membrane
The muscular membrane that connects the buccal supports and together with the supports, forms the buccal crown. The pigmentation of the buccal membrane often differs from that of the adjacent oral surfaces of the arms.
The muscular membrane that connects the buccal supports and together with the supports, forms the buccal crown. The pigmentation of the buccal membrane often differs from that of the adjacent oral surfaces of the arms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brachial_and_Buccal_Crowns?acc_id=1957
buccal sucker
Small but normal suckers that are present on the oral surface of the buccal supports of some decapodiforms (bathyteuthid families, some loliginids and some sepiids).
TODO - add buccal membrane support
Small but normal suckers that are present on the oral surface of the buccal supports of some decapodiforms (bathyteuthid families, some loliginids and some sepiids).
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brachial_and_Buccal_Crowns?acc_id=1957
bursa copulatrix
A spermatophore receptacle found in some sepiolids and consisting of folded glandular epithelium of the lining of the mantle cavity just anterior to the oviduct opening.
A spermatophore receptacle found in some sepiolids and consisting of folded glandular epithelium of the lining of the mantle cavity just anterior to the oviduct opening.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
caecal sac
The sac-like, thin-walled posterior portion of the caecum that lacks the internal, ciliated leaflets characteristic of the anterior portion of the caecum.
The sac-like, thin-walled posterior portion of the caecum that lacks the internal, ciliated leaflets characteristic of the anterior portion of the caecum.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Digestive_System?acc_id=1993
caecum
Region of the digestive tract of all cephalopods between the stomach and intestine. It is the primary site of food absorption.
Region of the digestive tract of all cephalopods between the stomach and intestine. It is the primary site of food absorption.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Digestive_System?acc_id=1993
calcareous
Composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
calamus
The conical papilla of the end-organ of the hectocotylus in many incirrate octopods. It is located at the distal termination of the sperm groove and usually lies adjacent to the last arm sucker.
The conical papilla of the end-organ of the hectocotylus in many incirrate octopods. It is located at the distal termination of the sperm groove and usually lies adjacent to the last arm sucker.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cement body
Structure in the spermatophore that allows adhesion of the discharged spermatophore to a female.
Structure in the spermatophore that allows adhesion of the discharged spermatophore to a female.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Spermatophore_Terminology?acc_id=1972
carpal sucker
Suckers in the locking apparatus at the base of the club.
Suckers in the locking apparatus at the base of the club.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Tentacle_Terminology?acc_id=1962
carpal knob
Knobs in the locking apparatus at the base of the club.
Knobs in the locking apparatus at the base of the club.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Tentacle_Terminology?acc_id=1962
carpus
The region of the tentacle that contains the carpal locking-apparatus
The term 'carpus' is most appropriate where the carpal locking-apparatus is separate from the manus (e.g., Onychoteuthis spp.).
The region of the tentacle that contains the carpal locking-apparatus
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Tentacle_Terminology?acc_id=1962
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Tentacle_Terminology?acc_id=1962
The term 'carpus' is most appropriate where the carpal locking-apparatus is separate from the manus (e.g., Onychoteuthis spp.).
carpal locking apparatus
The region at the base of the tentacular club which has small suckers and knobs. The carpal suckers and knobs of one tentacle can adhere to their counterparts on the opposite tentacle which, thereby, holds the clubs together at their bases.
proximal locking-apparatus
The region at the base of the tentacular club which has small suckers and knobs. The carpal suckers and knobs of one tentacle can adhere to their counterparts on the opposite tentacle which, thereby, holds the clubs together at their bases.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cartilaginous tubercle
Rigid cartilagenous spines, with one or several cusps, in the skin of certain squids and octopods.
Rigid cartilagenous spines, with one or several cusps, in the skin of certain squids and octopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cephalic cartilage
Cartilage surrounding the posterior part of the brain of cephalopods and generally encompasing the statocysts. Anteriorly the cartilage thins into facia making a well-defined limit difficult to establish. The cartilage has a large central foramen through which the esophagus passes and minor foramina for nerves and blood vessels.
Cartilage surrounding the posterior part of the brain of cephalopods and generally encompasing the statocysts. Anteriorly the cartilage thins into facia making a well-defined limit difficult to establish. The cartilage has a large central foramen through which the esophagus passes and minor foramina for nerves and blood vessels.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cephalic vein
Large vein that drains the head and lies on the ventral surface of the visceral sac, along side or dorsal to the intestine. The cephalic vein terminates by dividing into the two vena cavae, each of which passes through the "kidney" (nephridium), the branchial heart and into the gill.
Large vein that drains the head and lies on the ventral surface of the visceral sac, along side or dorsal to the intestine. The cephalic vein terminates by dividing into the two vena cavae, each of which passes through the "kidney" (nephridium), the branchial heart and into the gill.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
chitin
A mucopolysaccharide that is the major component of the cuticle (exoskeleton) of arthropods and a major component of the gladius and beaks of cephalopods (also found in many other phyla).
TODO - replace with uberon
A mucopolysaccharide that is the major component of the cuticle (exoskeleton) of arthropods and a major component of the gladius and beaks of cephalopods (also found in many other phyla).
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
chromatophore
A pigment cell. In cephalopods the chromatophore is part of an organ composed of numerous cells including many slender muscle cells. Under nervous control, the muscles rapidly expand and flatten the pigment cell which spreads the pigment over a relatively broad area.
A pigment cell. In cephalopods the chromatophore is part of an organ composed of numerous cells including many slender muscle cells. Under nervous control, the muscles rapidly expand and flatten the pigment cell which spreads the pigment over a relatively broad area.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Chromatophore?acc_id=2038
circularis muscle
A circular muscle found in the suckers of most sepioids and loliginids that surrounds the sucker at the base of the horny ring.
A circular muscle found in the suckers of most sepioids and loliginids that surrounds the sucker at the base of the horny ring.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cirrate male reproductive system
The male reproductive tract of cirrates does not make typical spermatophores. As a result, the tract differs greatly from that of other coleoid cephalopods.
The male reproductive tract of cirrates does not make typical spermatophores. As a result, the tract differs greatly from that of other coleoid cephalopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cirrate_Male_Reproductive_Tract?acc_id=1486
cirrate octopod measurements
Measurements used in describing cirrates differ somewhat from other cephalopods.
Measurements used in describing cirrates differ somewhat from other cephalopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cirrate_Measurements_and_Indices?acc_id=1487
arm cirrus
Muscular, conical structures that arise from the sides of the arms of some octopodiforms. Cirri are homologous with trabeculae of decapodiforms.
Muscular, conical structures that arise from the sides of the arms of some octopodiforms. Cirri are homologous with trabeculae of decapodiforms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cephalopod coelom
An internal body cavity of mesodermal orgin that is lined by an epithelium. Cephalopods have two coeloms, the visceropericardial coelom and the nephridial coelom.
An internal body cavity of mesodermal orgin that is lined by an epithelium. Cephalopods have two coeloms, the visceropericardial coelom and the nephridial coelom.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
collar
Muscular structure extending from the nuchal cartilage to the funnel that forms a one-way valve that lets water enter the mantle cavity but closes as the mantle contracts thereby forcing exhalent water out through the funnel.
Muscular structure extending from the nuchal cartilage to the funnel that forms a one-way valve that lets water enter the mantle cavity but closes as the mantle contracts thereby forcing exhalent water out through the funnel.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
photophore color filter
Structures that alter the color of bioluminescent light.
Structures that alter the color of bioluminescent light.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
conus
The cup or cone-shaped posterior end of the gladius or cuttlebone of some cephalopods. It is not formed by the infolding of the vanes.
conus flag
cone
The cup or cone-shaped posterior end of the gladius or cuttlebone of some cephalopods. It is not formed by the infolding of the vanes.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
conus field
Lateral portions of the gladius that are continuous posteriorly with the primary conus or its remnant and laterally with the edges of the vanes.
Lateral portions of the gladius that are continuous posteriorly with the primary conus or its remnant and laterally with the edges of the vanes.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Gladius_Terminology?acc_id=1955
cornea
Smooth, thin, turgid, transparent skin without muscles that covers the eyes to protect the eye lenses of incirrate octopods and some decapodiforms.
todo - reconcile with metazoan def in uberon
Smooth, thin, turgid, transparent skin without muscles that covers the eyes to protect the eye lenses of incirrate octopods and some decapodiforms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Cornea?acc_id=2057
counterillumination
The production of bioluminescent light by an animal to conceal its silhouette against the downwelling light. The process can allow an aninmal to become virtually invisible under dim directional light.
The production of bioluminescent light by an animal to conceal its silhouette against the downwelling light. The process can allow an aninmal to become virtually invisible under dim directional light.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
crest of hectocotylus
In loliginids a protective membrane on the hectocotylized arm can fuse with the adjacent suckerless papillae (former sucker stalks) to form a crest on the dorsal or ventral margins such that the original form of the papillae is obscured.
In loliginids a protective membrane on the hectocotylized arm can fuse with the adjacent suckerless papillae (former sucker stalks) to form a crest on the dorsal or ventral margins such that the original form of the papillae is obscured.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
crop
Expansion (i.e. a broading or a side pocket) of the esophagus for storing food. Present in <strong>Nautilus</strong> and most octopodiforms.
Expansion (i.e. a broading or a side pocket) of the esophagus for storing food. Present in <strong>Nautilus</strong> and most octopodiforms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Digestive_System?acc_id=1993
ctenoglossan radula
Radula in which the lateral teeth are multicuspid.
Radula in which the lateral teeth are multicuspid.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cupped coil
The peculiar posterior end of the histioteuthis gladius that is rolled into a coil.
The peculiar posterior end of the histioteuthis gladius that is rolled into a coil.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cusp
A point or projection on a tooth of the radula or on a cartilagenous tubercule in the skin.
todo - add subclasses for radula or skin
A point or projection on a tooth of the radula or on a cartilagenous tubercule in the skin.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cuttlebone
Predominately calcareous internal shell of sepiids (cuttlefish). It is composed of many chambers and functions primarily as a buoyancy organ. The cuttlebone is homologous with the phragmocone of <strong>Spirula</strong>, <strong>Nautilus</strong> and many fossil cephalopods.
sepion
A calcareous oblong supporting part of the mantle of cuttlefishes
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
A calcareous oblong supporting part of the mantle of cuttlefishes
Predominately calcareous internal shell of sepiids (cuttlefish). It is composed of many chambers and functions primarily as a buoyancy organ. The cuttlebone is homologous with the phragmocone of <strong>Spirula</strong>, <strong>Nautilus</strong> and many fossil cephalopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
dactylus
The narrow, distal portion of the tentacular club of most decapodiforms. In squids the dactylus is usually characterized by the ventral expansion of the club and the absence of a dorsal protective membrane.
The narrow, distal portion of the tentacular club of most decapodiforms. In squids the dactylus is usually characterized by the ventral expansion of the club and the absence of a dorsal protective membrane.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Tentacle_Terminology?acc_id=1962
demersal
Living close to the ocean floor.
Living close to the ocean floor.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
demibranch
A half-gill formed from all the primary gill lamellae on one side of the gill.
A half-gill formed from all the primary gill lamellae on one side of the gill.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
diel vertical migration
Vertical animal migration during twilight. Many mesopelagic animals migrate at sunrise from near-surface waters to spend the day at greater depths then return to shallow depths at sunset where they spend the night. Some animals migrate vertically over 1000 m others migrate less than 100 m.
Vertical animal migration during twilight. Many mesopelagic animals migrate at sunrise from near-surface waters to spend the day at greater depths then return to shallow depths at sunset where they spend the night. Some animals migrate vertically over 1000 m others migrate less than 100 m.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
digestive gland
Primary organ in cephalopods that secretes digestive enzymes. It is also important in absorption and excretion.
Primary organ in cephalopods that secretes digestive enzymes. It is also important in absorption and excretion.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Digestive_System?acc_id=1993
digestive gland duct appendages (digda)
Outpockets of the ducts leading from the digestive gland that are covered with glandular epithelium.
Outpockets of the ducts leading from the digestive gland that are covered with glandular epithelium.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Digestive_System?acc_id=1993
distal oviduct
An extension of the oviducal gland in octopods that often has the same general appearance as the oviduct proximal to the oviducal gland.
An extension of the oviducal gland in octopods that often has the same general appearance as the oviduct proximal to the oviducal gland.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
doratopsis stage
Peculiar paralarval stage of the Chiroteuthidae. The paralarva is very slender and can reach a large size.
doratopsis
Peculiar paralarval stage of the Chiroteuthidae. The paralarva is very slender and can reach a large size.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Chiroteuthid_Doratopsis_Stage?acc_id=656
dorsal mantle cavity
Dorsal portion of the mantle cavity that completely surrounds the viscera in octopods. In decapodiforms and <strong>Vampyroteuthis</strong> the viscera are fused to the mantle and shell dorsally and the mantle cavity lies lateral and ventral to the viscera.
Dorsal portion of the mantle cavity that completely surrounds the viscera in octopods. In decapodiforms and <strong>Vampyroteuthis</strong> the viscera are fused to the mantle and shell dorsally and the mantle cavity lies lateral and ventral to the viscera.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
efferent vein
vein carrying blood away from an organ.
todo - mireot
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
vein carrying blood away from an organ.
efferent nerve
nerve carring impulses away from the brain or specific ganglia.
TODO - mireot uberon
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
nerve carring impulses away from the brain or specific ganglia.
egg mass
A large number of eggs encapsulated in a gelatinous matrix or a large number of such structures that are attached together. The egg mass of an oceanic squid can be a large, fragile gelatinous ball carrying many thousands of eggs. In contrast, the egg mass of a neritic squid (loliginid) can be composed of very tough capsules each carrying several hundred eggs with many capsules attached together at their bases and to the substrate to form an egg mass.
egg case
todo - mireot
A large number of eggs encapsulated in a gelatinous matrix or a large number of such structures that are attached together. The egg mass of an oceanic squid can be a large, fragile gelatinous ball carrying many thousands of eggs. In contrast, the egg mass of a neritic squid (loliginid) can be composed of very tough capsules each carrying several hundred eggs with many capsules attached together at their bases and to the substrate to form an egg mass.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
ejaculatory apparatus
Portion of the spermatophore involved in the eversion of the sperm mass.
Portion of the spermatophore involved in the eversion of the sperm mass.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Spermatophore_Terminology?acc_id=1972
end organ
The tip of the hectocotylus in incirrate octopods consisting of a calamus and ligula presumably for manipulating the spermatophore during copulation.
end organ of hectocotylus
terminal organ
The tip of the hectocotylus in incirrate octopods consisting of a calamus and ligula presumably for manipulating the spermatophore during copulation.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
epithelial pigmentation
The pigmentation that is contained in epithelial cells which are unable to change their shape. Color in most cephalopods, however, is due to pigment granules that are contained in specialized organs, the chromatophore organs, that can change shape rapidly under nervous control. See chromatophores.
The pigmentation that is contained in epithelial cells which are unable to change their shape. Color in most cephalopods, however, is due to pigment granules that are contained in specialized organs, the chromatophore organs, that can change shape rapidly under nervous control. See chromatophores.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
eye pore
Small pore just anterior to the cornea in some decapodiforms. The pore is the remnant of the large eye opening of oegopsids and connects fluid between the lens and the cornea with the exterior environment.
Small pore just anterior to the cornea in some decapodiforms. The pore is the remnant of the large eye opening of oegopsids and connects fluid between the lens and the cornea with the exterior environment.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
eyelid sinus
Indentation, often complex, of the anterior margin of the eyelid.
optic sinus
orbital sinus
Indentation, often complex, of the anterior margin of the eyelid.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Eyelid_Sinus?acc_id=1994
fin angle
The angle between the longitudinal axis of the mantle and the posterior border of one fin.
The angle between the longitudinal axis of the mantle and the posterior border of one fin.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
fin attachment
A fin attaches to the shell, the mantle, the opposite fin or some combination of these.
A fin attaches to the shell, the mantle, the opposite fin or some combination of these.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Fin_Attachment?acc_id=1974
fin cartilage
Cartilage associated with the fins of all fin-bearing cephalopods.
Cartilage associated with the fins of all fin-bearing cephalopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Fin_Cartilage?acc_id=1969
fin length
This measurement varies in different major taxa.
This measurement varies in different major taxa.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Fin_Length?acc_id=2055
fin lobe
The portion of a fin that extends anteriorly from the fin's anterior point of attachment or posteriorly from the fin's posterior point of attachment. This is often called the "free" lobe.
The portion of a fin that extends anteriorly from the fin's anterior point of attachment or posteriorly from the fin's posterior point of attachment. This is often called the "free" lobe.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Composite_Squid?acc_id=1936
fin position
Fins are located anterior to the termination of the muscular mantle (subterminal position) or mostly posterior to it (terminal position) or somewhere inbetween.
Fins are located anterior to the termination of the muscular mantle (subterminal position) or mostly posterior to it (terminal position) or somewhere inbetween.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Fin_Position?acc_id=2041
fin shape
Fins are classified, somewhat arbitrarily, by their shape as Sagittate, Rhomboid, Circular/Elliptical, Lanceolate, Ear-shaped, Ribbed, Lobate or skirt-like.
Fins are classified, somewhat arbitrarily, by their shape as Sagittate, Rhomboid, Circular/Elliptical, Lanceolate, Ear-shaped, Ribbed, Lobate or skirt-like.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Decapodiform_Fin_Shapes?acc_id=2029
fin
The pair of muscular "wings" used in swimming and located along the dorsolateral surface of the mantle, usually in its posterior half .
A muscular flap that arises along the lateral or dorsolateral surface of the mantle of some cephalopods. Used for locomotion, steering and stabilization
The pair of muscular "wings" used in swimming and located along the dorsolateral surface of the mantle, usually in its posterior half .
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
foveola
Transverse membranous fold of skin that forms a pocket in the funnel groove of ommastrephid squids.
Transverse membranous fold of skin that forms a pocket in the funnel groove of ommastrephid squids.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
obsolete free fin lobe
The portion of a fin that extends anteriorly from the fin's anterior point of attachment or posteriorly from the fin's posterior point of attachment.
true
The portion of a fin that extends anteriorly from the fin's anterior point of attachment or posteriorly from the fin's posterior point of attachment.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
funnel
The ventral, muscular tube through which water is expelled from the mantle cavity. The funnel is thought to have evolved from the molluscan foot.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphon_%28mollusc%29
siphon
hyponome
The ventral, muscular tube through which water is expelled from the mantle cavity. The funnel is thought to have evolved from the molluscan foot.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
funnel groove
Depression on the posteroventral surface of the head in which the funnel lies. Most distinct in some squids.
Depression on the posteroventral surface of the head in which the funnel lies. Most distinct in some squids.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
funnel-mantle locking-apparatus
The funnel component (generally cartilagenous) of a locking mechanism between the funnel and mantle. This lock, depending on its form, can either limit all movement between the funnel and mantle or allow just anterior-posterior slipping. See Mantle locking-apparatus.
funnel locking apparatus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funnel%E2%80%93mantle_locking_apparatus
funnel locking-cartilage
The funnel component (generally cartilagenous) of a locking mechanism between the funnel and mantle. This lock, depending on its form, can either limit all movement between the funnel and mantle or allow just anterior-posterior slipping. See Mantle locking-apparatus.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Funnel_Locking-Apparatus?acc_id=1973
funnel organ
The glandular structures on the internal dorsal and ventral surfaces of the funnel.
The glandular structures on the internal dorsal and ventral surfaces of the funnel.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
funnel retractor muscle
Large muscles that attach to the corners of the funnel and run posteriorly to attach to the sides of the shell sac (generally near the base of the gills) or, in a some species, insert on the mantle wall.
Large muscles that attach to the corners of the funnel and run posteriorly to attach to the sides of the shell sac (generally near the base of the gills) or, in a some species, insert on the mantle wall.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
funnel valve
Semicircular muscular flap extending from and continuous with the posterodorsal funnel wall. The funnel valve apparently acts as a one-way valve to prevent inspiration of water through the funnel when mantle expansion draws in water to pass over the gills for respiration. A funnel valve in absent in octopods and some squids.
Semicircular muscular flap extending from and continuous with the posterodorsal funnel wall. The funnel valve apparently acts as a one-way valve to prevent inspiration of water through the funnel when mantle expansion draws in water to pass over the gills for respiration. A funnel valve in absent in octopods and some squids.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
gill
Primary organ for the exchange of respiratory gases between blood and sea water.
Primary organ for the exchange of respiratory gases between blood and sea water.
http://tolweb.org/articles/?article_id=4200
gill lamella
A complex gill leaflet that extends perpendicular to the axis of the gill and contains the respiratory epithelium. The lamella contains further subdivisions, the secondary and tertiary lamellae. In octopods the number of lamellae is a taxonomic character.
gill lamellae
primary lamella
A complex gill leaflet that extends perpendicular to the axis of the gill and contains the respiratory epithelium. The lamella contains further subdivisions, the secondary and tertiary lamellae. In octopods the number of lamellae is a taxonomic character.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
gladius
The chitinous remnant of the shell in many decapodiforms and <strong>Vampyroteuthis</strong>. It is generally feather-shaped and lies in the dorsal mid-line of the body along the full length of the mantle. The gladius lies within the shell sac which secretes it.
The gladius, found in many decapodiforms and Vampyroteuthis, is an internal remnant of the originally external shell of cephalopods. Other cephalopods have other types of shell remnants. The gladius lies within a sac, the shell sac, which secretes it and to which various muscles attach. The gladius has a variety of shapes and thicknesses, is composed mostly of chitin and is located in the dorsal midline and generally extends the full length of the mantle. Conus field - The lateral portion of the gladius that is continuous posteriorly with the primary conus or its remnant and laterally with the edges of the vanes. The conus field is differentiated from the vanes by longitudinal lines and marked changes in the orientation of the growth lines. A conus field is generally lacking if the gladius lacks a primary conus.
http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Gladius.jpg
gladii
internal gladius
pen
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
The chitinous remnant of the shell in many decapodiforms and <strong>Vampyroteuthis</strong>. It is generally feather-shaped and lies in the dorsal mid-line of the body along the full length of the mantle. The gladius lies within the shell sac which secretes it.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Gladius_Terminology?acc_id=1955
half-orange gill
Gills of some cirrate octopods with broad primary lamellae whose arrangement looks similar to half of an orange.
Gills of some cirrate octopods with broad primary lamellae whose arrangement looks similar to half of an orange.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
hatchling stage
Young cephalopod that has just hatched from the egg.
hatchling
todo - stages
Young cephalopod that has just hatched from the egg.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
head-mantle fusion
.
.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Dorsal_Head-Mantle_Fusion?acc_id=2020
hectocotylus
Taxon notes: Among Decapodiformes (ten-limbed cephalopods), generally either one or both of arms IV are hectocotylized; in incirrate octopuses it is one of arm pair III.[1] Many coleoids lack hectocotyli altogether.[1] The shape of the tip of the hectocotylus has been much used in octopod systematics. In many species it is considerably elaborated. However, in the males of some species, such as the Seven-arm Octopus (Haliphron atlanticus), the hectocotylus develops in an inconspicuous sac in front of the right eye that gives the male the appearance of having only seven arms
The modified arm in males used for transferring spermatophores to the female. In incirrates the hectocotylus is one member of arm pair III while in decapodiforms frequently one or both members of arm pair IV are modified. Many species of coleoid cephalopods lack a hectocotylus.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Hectocotylized_arm_of_a_squid.jpg/189px-Hectocotylized_arm_of_a_squid.jpg
hectoctylized arm
Wikipedia
The modified arm in males used for transferring spermatophores to the female. In incirrates the hectocotylus is one member of arm pair III while in decapodiforms frequently one or both members of arm pair IV are modified. Many species of coleoid cephalopods lack a hectocotylus.
Wikipedia:Hectocotylus
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
heterodont radula
Radula with more than one cusp on the rhachidian tooth and, usually, the first lateral tooth.
Radula with more than one cusp on the rhachidian tooth and, usually, the first lateral tooth.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
homodont radula
Radula with a single cusp on all teeth.
Radula with a single cusp on all teeth.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
obsolete holotype
The single specimen designated to represent a species name. It is an international standard of reference that provides objectivity for the species name.
consider obsoleting
true
The single specimen designated to represent a species name. It is an international standard of reference that provides objectivity for the species name.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
hook
Horny structure that looks like a single claw and is derived from the inner sucker ring in some decapodiforms. Hooks may be found on the arms and/or tentacular clubs of squid. The relative advantage of hooks vs toothed rings is uncertain.
ontogenically derived from suckers on arms and/or clubs of some oegopsids
Horny structure that looks like a single claw and is derived from the inner sucker ring in some decapodiforms. Hooks may be found on the arms and/or tentacular clubs of squid. The relative advantage of hooks vs toothed rings is uncertain.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Hooks?acc_id=1983
horizontal arm septum
Septa, extending the length of the arm (i.e., parallel to the arm axis), that roughly divides the arm into oral and aboral regions. This feature is a characteristic of the arms of cirrate octopods and the incirrate octopods of the family Bolitaenidae. The functional significance is unknown.
todo - mireot
Septa, extending the length of the arm (i.e., parallel to the arm axis), that roughly divides the arm into oral and aboral regions. This feature is a characteristic of the arms of cirrate octopods and the incirrate octopods of the family Bolitaenidae. The functional significance is unknown.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
sucker ring
Suckers of decapodiforms have two types of hard, horny rings. One, the inner ring, lies around the inner walls of the acetabulum and often bears teeth. The other, the outer ring, is composed of numerous platelets and lies on the surface of the infundibulum.
horny ring of sucker
A chitinous ring that encircles a sucker. Found in cuttlefishes and squids
Suckers of decapodiforms have two types of hard, horny rings. One, the inner ring, lies around the inner walls of the acetabulum and often bears teeth. The other, the outer ring, is composed of numerous platelets and lies on the surface of the infundibulum.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
inferior frontal lobe system
A system of lobes in octopod brains: the paired posterior buccal, lateral inferior frontal and subfrontal lobes, and the single median inferior frontal lobe. They form a functional unit concerned with the chemotactile information from the arms and its use.
A system of lobes in octopod brains: the paired posterior buccal, lateral inferior frontal and subfrontal lobes, and the single median inferior frontal lobe. They form a functional unit concerned with the chemotactile information from the arms and its use.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
infundibilum
The siphon of Cephalopoda
Exposed flat outer ring that forms the adhesive surface of the sucker
The siphon of Cephalopoda
http://thinkexist.com/dictionary/meaning/infundibulum/
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
Exposed flat outer ring that forms the adhesive surface of the sucker
ink sac
Organ composed of a gland that secretes ink, a sac that stores ink and a duct that connects it to the rectum. The ink sac generally appears black from the outside although it may be covered by silvery tissue in some species.
Organ composed of a gland that secretes ink, a sac that stores ink and a duct that connects it to the rectum. The ink sac generally appears black from the outside although it may be covered by silvery tissue in some species.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
jet propulsion
This is the typical method of fast swimming in cephalopods. During jet propulsion, water is taken into the mantle cavity by expansion of the mantle. Water enters laterally at the sides of the head, passes over the collar, over the gills and leaves through the funnel when the mantle contracts. Mantle contraction causes water pressure in the mantle cavity to increase and forces the collar against the mantle wall. The collar, therefore, acts as a one-way valve to prevents water from leaving by the same route that it entered. The ventral wall of the funnel presses against the mantle during mantle contraction and seals that opening as well. Water, therefore, is forced through the funnel and out the funnel orifice. The force provided by the water leaving the funnel can be directed by movements of the funnel. Typically the water leaves the funnel anteriorly causing the cephalopod to jet backward (e.g. when escaping a predator) or the funnel is directed posteriorly causing the water to leave posteriorly and the animal to jet anteriorly (e.g. when pouncing on a prey). Some species are able to glide via this method.
This is the typical method of fast swimming in cephalopods. During jet propulsion, water is taken into the mantle cavity by expansion of the mantle. Water enters laterally at the sides of the head, passes over the collar, over the gills and leaves through the funnel when the mantle contracts. Mantle contraction causes water pressure in the mantle cavity to increase and forces the collar against the mantle wall. The collar, therefore, acts as a one-way valve to prevents water from leaving by the same route that it entered. The ventral wall of the funnel presses against the mantle during mantle contraction and seals that opening as well. Water, therefore, is forced through the funnel and out the funnel orifice. The force provided by the water leaving the funnel can be directed by movements of the funnel. Typically the water leaves the funnel anteriorly causing the cephalopod to jet backward (e.g. when escaping a predator) or the funnel is directed posteriorly causing the water to leave posteriorly and the animal to jet anteriorly (e.g. when pouncing on a prey). Some species are able to glide via this method.
Wikipedia:Ommastrephidae
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Jet_Propulsion?acc_id=2060
keel
A muscular vane that extends dorsally from the aboral surface of the tentacular club of many species.
club
swimming membrane
A muscular vane that extends dorsally from the aboral surface of the tentacular club of many species.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
lateral funnel adductor muscle
Muscles that support the lateral attachment of the funnel to the head.
Muscles that support the lateral attachment of the funnel to the head.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Lateral_Funnel_Adductor?acc_id=1963
lateral membrane of arm IV
The keels of arms IV are offset laterally and often enlarged to fully or partially conceal, protect or encase the adjacent tentacles. The latter function is most fully developed in the chiroteuthids and mastigoteuthids.
tentacular sheath
The keels of arms IV are offset laterally and often enlarged to fully or partially conceal, protect or encase the adjacent tentacles. The latter function is most fully developed in the chiroteuthids and mastigoteuthids.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brachial_and_Buccal_Crowns?acc_id=1957
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brachial_and_Buccal_Crowns?acc_id=1957
tentacular sheath
lateral-line analogue
Sensory structure analogous to the lateral-line of fishes. The lateral-line analogue, which senses vibrations transmitted by the seawater, is located along a series of lines on the dorsal surface of the head with some sensory cells extending onto the bases of the arms.
Sensory structure analogous to the lateral-line of fishes. The lateral-line analogue, which senses vibrations transmitted by the seawater, is located along a series of lines on the dorsal surface of the head with some sensory cells extending onto the bases of the arms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
photophore lens
Structure in a photophore that can focus or disperse bioluminescent light.
Structure in a photophore that can focus or disperse bioluminescent light.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
light guides
Structures in a photophores that direct light via internal reflection.
Structures in a photophores that direct light via internal reflection.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Photophore_Terminology?acc_id=2015
ligula
The portion of the sucker-free end-organ of the hectocotylus of many incirrate octopods that is generally elongate and longitudinally grooved. The ligula in octopodids is often spatulate in shape with transverse ridges. Spermatophores transferred along the sperm groove of the hectocotylus presumably enter the ligula which assists in their transfer to the female. Details of the use of the ligula are unknown.
The portion of the sucker-free end-organ of the hectocotylus of many incirrate octopods that is generally elongate and longitudinally grooved. The ligula in octopodids is often spatulate in shape with transverse ridges. Spermatophores transferred along the sperm groove of the hectocotylus presumably enter the ligula which assists in their transfer to the female. Details of the use of the ligula are unknown.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
lip
Two concentric muscular, glandular rings of skin that surround the mouth and beaks.
Two concentric muscular, glandular rings of skin that surround the mouth and beaks.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
living chamber
Largest and most recently formed chamber of the <strong>Nautilus</strong> shell (also refers to numerous shells of fossil cephalopods) in which the animal resides.
Largest and most recently formed chamber of the <strong>Nautilus</strong> shell (also refers to numerous shells of fossil cephalopods) in which the animal resides.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
locking-apparatus of tentacular stalk
Continuation of the carpal locking apparatus down the oral face of the tentacular stalk.
Continuation of the carpal locking apparatus down the oral face of the tentacular stalk.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
mantle locking-apparatus
The mantle component (usually fibrous) of the structure that "locks" the mantle to the funnel. This lock, depending on its form, can either restrict all movement between the funnel and mantle or allow just an anterior/posterior slippage.
mantle locking cartilage
The mantle component (usually fibrous) of the structure that "locks" the mantle to the funnel. This lock, depending on its form, can either restrict all movement between the funnel and mantle or allow just an anterior/posterior slippage.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
mantle length
(ML) - The standard measure of length in coleoid cephalopods. In decapodiforms ML is measured along the dorsal midline from the mantle margin to the posterior tip of the body, excluding long tails. In octopodiforms ML is measured from a line joining the midpoint of the eyes rather than the anterior mantle margin since the latter is obscured by the head/mantle fusion.
(ML) - The standard measure of length in coleoid cephalopods. In decapodiforms ML is measured along the dorsal midline from the mantle margin to the posterior tip of the body, excluding long tails. In octopodiforms ML is measured from a line joining the midpoint of the eyes rather than the anterior mantle margin since the latter is obscured by the head/mantle fusion.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
mantle septum
A anteroposterior septum that connects the mantle wall with the visceral sac along the midline in the ventral mantle cavity. The ventral mantle artery runs along the anterior end of this septum.
abdominal septum
A anteroposterior septum that connects the mantle wall with the visceral sac along the midline in the ventral mantle cavity. The ventral mantle artery runs along the anterior end of this septum.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
manus of tentacular club
The proximal, broad portion of the tentacular club. In squids the manus is generally equally expanded on both lateral margins and often includes enlarged suckers.
manus
The proximal, broad portion of the tentacular club. In squids the manus is generally equally expanded on both lateral margins and often includes enlarged suckers.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Tentacle_Terminology?acc_id=1962
mature stage
In cephalopods this term refers to sexual maturity which is determined for females by the presence of ova (mature eggs) free in the coelom or oviducts, and for males by the presence of spermatophores in Needham's sac.
In cephalopods this term refers to sexual maturity which is determined for females by the presence of ova (mature eggs) free in the coelom or oviducts, and for males by the presence of spermatophores in Needham's sac.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
molluscan foot
A major structure in molluscan morphology. In gastropods the foot is the muscular sole that the animal crawls with. In cephalopods the funnel, and possibly the arms and tentacles are derived from the molluscan foot. The evolutionary origin of the latter is still uncertain. They may represent outgrowths of the head (favored by anatomical evidence: nerve connections) or modifications of the molluscan foot that have migrated around the mouth (favored by embryological evidence: migration of arm primordia).
foot
A major structure in molluscan morphology. In gastropods the foot is the muscular sole that the animal crawls with. In cephalopods the funnel, and possibly the arms and tentacles are derived from the molluscan foot. The evolutionary origin of the latter is still uncertain. They may represent outgrowths of the head (favored by anatomical evidence: nerve connections) or modifications of the molluscan foot that have migrated around the mouth (favored by embryological evidence: migration of arm primordia).
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
neck
The region separating the posterior end of the cephalic cartilage and the collar. Only those cephalopods with elongate heads (e.g., chiroteuthids) have distinct necks.
The region separating the posterior end of the cephalic cartilage and the collar. Only those cephalopods with elongate heads (e.g., chiroteuthids) have distinct necks.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
Needham's sac
In males, the large storage sac for spermatophores that is an expanded region of the genital duct at the base of the penis.
spermatophoric sac
spermatophore sac
In males, the large storage sac for spermatophores that is an expanded region of the genital duct at the base of the penis.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
nephridial coelom
The cavity of the renal sac. It connects with the exterior via the renal pore and with the visceropericardial coelom via a pair of slender ducts from the latter.
The cavity of the renal sac. It connects with the exterior via the renal pore and with the visceropericardial coelom via a pair of slender ducts from the latter.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
nidamental gland
Large glandular structures found in decapodiforms and Nautilus that lie in and open directly into the mantle cavity. The glands are composed of numerous lamellae that are involved in secretion of egg cases or the jelly of egg masses.
Large glandular structures found in decapodiforms and Nautilus that lie in and open directly into the mantle cavity. The glands are composed of numerous lamellae that are involved in secretion of egg cases or the jelly of egg masses.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
nuchal cartilage
See nuchal locking-apparatus.
An oblong cartilaginou plate on the posterodorsal surface of the head of most squids and cuttlefishes that articulates with a complementary structure on the inner surface of the anterodorsal surface of the mantle
See nuchal locking-apparatus.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
An oblong cartilaginou plate on the posterodorsal surface of the head of most squids and cuttlefishes that articulates with a complementary structure on the inner surface of the anterodorsal surface of the mantle
nuchal crest
See Occipital crest.
See Occipital crest.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
nuchal membrane
See occipital membrane.
See occipital membrane.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
nuchal organ
Small sensory organ with photoreceptor-like sensory cells that is located in the nuchal region of, apparently, all coleoid cephalopods.
Small sensory organ with photoreceptor-like sensory cells that is located in the nuchal region of, apparently, all coleoid cephalopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
nuchal region
The posterodorsal region of the head and the area immediately posterior to it.
Normally covered by anterior mantle wall
The posterodorsal region of the head and the area immediately posterior to it.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
occipital crest
Prominent transverse ridge in most decapodiforms that extends across the dorsal and along the lateral surfaces of the head at its posterior end.
Prominent transverse ridge in most decapodiforms that extends across the dorsal and along the lateral surfaces of the head at its posterior end.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Occipital_Region_Terminology?acc_id=1970
occipital fold
Fixed folds of the head integument that adjoin the nuchal crest posteriorly and are perpendicular to it. The function of the folds is uncertain.
Fixed folds of the head integument that adjoin the nuchal crest posteriorly and are perpendicular to it. The function of the folds is uncertain.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Occipital_Region_Terminology?acc_id=1970
occipital membrane
A membrane connecting the main occipital folds at their posterior ends.
TODO - mireot membrane
A membrane connecting the main occipital folds at their posterior ends.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Occipital_Region_Terminology?acc_id=1970
cephalopod olfactory organ
A chemosensory organ present on the head or neck in all coleoid cephalopods. The olfactory organ is thought to be the homologue of the rhinophore of <strong>Nautilus</strong>.
rhinophore
A chemosensory organ present on the head or neck in all coleoid cephalopods. The olfactory organ is thought to be the homologue of the rhinophore of <strong>Nautilus</strong>.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
ontogenetic descent
The progressively descent into a deeper-water habitat as a cephalopod grows older and larger. This distribution pattern is a particularly common in many pelagic cranchiid squids.
The progressively descent into a deeper-water habitat as a cephalopod grows older and larger. This distribution pattern is a particularly common in many pelagic cranchiid squids.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
optic lobe of brain
Large lobes of the brain associated with the eyes. In octopods and some squids the optic lobes may be separated from the rest of the brain by an optic stalk of varying length. In <strong>Octopus</strong> the optic lobes contain 92 million cells compared with only 42 million in the main central mass of the brain (J. Young, 1963).
editor note: check if this is part of the brain
optic lobe
Large lobes of the brain associated with the eyes. In octopods and some squids the optic lobes may be separated from the rest of the brain by an optic stalk of varying length. In <strong>Octopus</strong> the optic lobes contain 92 million cells compared with only 42 million in the main central mass of the brain (J. Young, 1963).
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brain_Terminology?acc_id=1944
outer statocyst capsule
Capsule in octopodiforms that is embedded in the cephalic cartilage and contains the statocyst capsule.
Capsule in octopodiforms that is embedded in the cephalic cartilage and contains the statocyst capsule.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
oviducal gland
Gland surrounding the end of the primary oviduct and responsible for secreting some of the external coatings over spawned eggs or, in incirrates, the cement at the base of the chorion stalk . In octopods it also acts as a spermatheca, and is located around the apparent middle of the oviduct. However, the "distal oviduct" is actually an extension of the oviducal gland.
Gland surrounding the end of the primary oviduct and responsible for secreting some of the external coatings over spawned eggs or, in incirrates, the cement at the base of the chorion stalk . In octopods it also acts as a spermatheca, and is located around the apparent middle of the oviduct. However, the "distal oviduct" is actually an extension of the oviducal gland.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
paralarval stage
First free-living, cephalopod life-history stage that is found in the near-surface plankton and that differs in both morphology and vertical distribution from older juveniles.
First free-living, cephalopod life-history stage that is found in the near-surface plankton and that differs in both morphology and vertical distribution from older juveniles.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cephalopod penis
The long, muscular end of the male gonoduct that assists in transfering spermatophores to the female. Apparently, in species with a hectocotylus, the penis transfers spermatophores to the hectocotylus which in turn transfers them to the female. In species without a hectocotylus, the penis is often greatly elongate, capable of extending beyond the mantle cavity and can, apparently, transfer spermatophores directly to the female.
terminal organ
Wikipedia
The long, muscular end of the male gonoduct that assists in transfering spermatophores to the female. Apparently, in species with a hectocotylus, the penis transfers spermatophores to the hectocotylus which in turn transfers them to the female. In species without a hectocotylus, the penis is often greatly elongate, capable of extending beyond the mantle cavity and can, apparently, transfer spermatophores directly to the female.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
terminal organ
photocyte
Cells in photophores that produce bioluminsecence.
Cells in photophores that produce bioluminsecence.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Photophore_Terminology?acc_id=2015
photophore
Organ that produces bioluminescence or "living light." Photophores are often complex with various color filters, reflectors, light guides, lenses and chromatophores surrounding the site of light production, the photogenic region. The name of specific photophores often reflects their position on the animal. For example, the branchial photophore is at the base of the gill, the anal photophore lies at the side of the anus.
light organ
Organ that produces bioluminescence or "living light." Photophores are often complex with various color filters, reflectors, light guides, lenses and chromatophores surrounding the site of light production, the photogenic region. The name of specific photophores often reflects their position on the animal. For example, the branchial photophore is at the base of the gill, the anal photophore lies at the side of the anus.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Photophore_Terminology?acc_id=2015
photophore location
Photophores are found in nearly any location in some squid. However, certain locations are the most common.
Photophores are found in nearly any location in some squid. However, certain locations are the most common.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Photophore_Locations?acc_id=1981
photosensitive vesicle
Non-image forming light-receptive organs located inside the cephalic cartilage in squid and on the stellate ganglion in octopods. They perform a variety of function.
Non-image forming light-receptive organs located inside the cephalic cartilage in squid and on the stellate ganglion in octopods. They perform a variety of function.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
posterior buccal lobe
A fused pair of lobes that are the anterior-most lobes of the supraesophageal mass of the brain of decapodiforms but is incorporated into the anterior portion of the supraesophageal mass behind the superior buccal lobes in most octopodiforms.
inferior frontal lobe
A fused pair of lobes that are the anterior-most lobes of the supraesophageal mass of the brain of decapodiforms but is incorporated into the anterior portion of the supraesophageal mass behind the superior buccal lobes in most octopodiforms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
inferior frontal lobe
posterior lip gland
Large glands surrounding the buccal mass just posterior to the lips. They are especially well-developed in stauroteuthid cirrates.
Large glands surrounding the buccal mass just posterior to the lips. They are especially well-developed in stauroteuthid cirrates.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
posterior salivary gland
Glands generally located just posterior to the head whose secretion travels via a duct into the buccal mass.
Glands generally located just posterior to the head whose secretion travels via a duct into the buccal mass.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
primary conus
protective membrane
Membranes, generally supported by trabeculae, that form lateral borders along the oral surfaces of the arms and tentacular clubs in decapodiforms.
A thin fold of integument along lateral angles of oral surface of arms and clubs lateral to suckers usually supported by trabeculae
Membranes, generally supported by trabeculae, that form lateral borders along the oral surfaces of the arms and tentacular clubs in decapodiforms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
A thin fold of integument along lateral angles of oral surface of arms and clubs lateral to suckers usually supported by trabeculae
proximal and distal fields
Some male opisthoteuthid cirrates have enlarged suckers located proximally on the arms (proximal fields) and/or distally on the arms (distal fields).
Some male opisthoteuthid cirrates have enlarged suckers located proximally on the arms (proximal fields) and/or distally on the arms (distal fields).
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
pseudomorph
A mass of ink and mucous that roughly has the dimensions of the cephalopod that secreted it.
A mass of ink and mucous that roughly has the dimensions of the cephalopod that secreted it.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Pseudomorph_Function?acc_id=1964
obsolete recent
Refers to an organism that is living or has lived within the past 10,000 years or to object formed or events within the past 10,000 years.
true
Refers to an organism that is living or has lived within the past 10,000 years or to object formed or events within the past 10,000 years.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Geological_Timescale?acc_id=1987
photophore reflector
Structures in a photophore that reflects bioluminscence.
Structures in a photophore that reflects bioluminscence.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Photophore_Terminology?acc_id=2015
cephalopod radula
A toothed ribbon that lies in the buccal mass and that aids in movement of food into the esophagus.
A toothed ribbon that lies in the buccal mass and that aids in movement of food into the esophagus.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Radula?acc_id=2035
renal appendage
Structures that form the nephridium (=kidney). The renal appendages are outpocketings of the veins within the renal sac (primarily the venae cavae) that are covered with renal epithelium. The The renal sac communicates with the mantle cavity via the nephridial pore.
kidney
nephridium
Structures that form the nephridium (=kidney). The renal appendages are outpocketings of the veins within the renal sac (primarily the venae cavae) that are covered with renal epithelium. The The renal sac communicates with the mantle cavity via the nephridial pore.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
rachis
Central axis of the gladius, often thickened, that typically extends the full length of the gladius and sometimes called the median field.
median field
rhachis
Central axis of the gladius, often thickened, that typically extends the full length of the gladius and sometimes called the median field.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Gladius_Terminology?acc_id=1955
rostrum
Portion of the gladius that extends posteriorly or posterodorsally from the conus. A distnct rostrum is found only in the Onychoteuthidae, Ancistrocheiridae, Lampadioteuthinae and Vampyroteuthidae.
gladius
Portion of the gladius that extends posteriorly or posterodorsally from the conus. A distnct rostrum is found only in the Onychoteuthidae, Ancistrocheiridae, Lampadioteuthinae and Vampyroteuthidae.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
saddle
The region of the shell of cirrates connecting the lateral wings.
The region of the shell of cirrates connecting the lateral wings.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
saddle-shaped
The shape of the shell with an elongate central region (saddle proper) and broad wings found in cirroteuthid cirrates.
The shape of the shell with an elongate central region (saddle proper) and broad wings found in cirroteuthid cirrates.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
sagittate fin
The most common fin-shape in squids with anterior free fin-lobes, a relatively sharp lateral angle and posterior elongation. See fin shapes.
The most common fin-shape in squids with anterior free fin-lobes, a relatively sharp lateral angle and posterior elongation. See fin shapes.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
scales and tubercule
The skin of the mantle contains scales, tubercules and warts in various species.
todo - split
The skin of the mantle contains scales, tubercules and warts in various species.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Mantle_Armature?acc_id=1997
secondary conus
A conical region at the posterior end of the gladius that is formed by an inrolling and fusion of the vanes. The ventral line of fusion is usually apparent. The secondary conus may be rather short or over half the gladius length.
A conical region at the posterior end of the gladius that is formed by an inrolling and fusion of the vanes. The ventral line of fusion is usually apparent. The secondary conus may be rather short or over half the gladius length.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Gladius_Terminology?acc_id=1955
secondary eyelid
An eyelid that covers the ventral part of the cornea.
secondary fold
An eyelid that covers the ventral part of the cornea.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Secondary_Eyelid?acc_id=1976
secondary fin
A non-muscular fin-shaped structure found in some chiroteuthids, located posterior to the true or primary fin. The secondary fin may act as a buoyancy organ.
A non-muscular fin-shaped structure found in some chiroteuthids, located posterior to the true or primary fin. The secondary fin may act as a buoyancy organ.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
secondary web
Web that extends from each arm to the primary web in some incirrate octopods. Separation of the arm from the primary web seems to be associated with feeding and/or defense (bell and baloon balloon postures) but the function is not well understood.
Web that extends from each arm to the primary web in some incirrate octopods. Separation of the arm from the primary web seems to be associated with feeding and/or defense (bell and baloon balloon postures) but the function is not well understood.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Primary_and_Secondary_Webs?acc_id=1696
semelparous
A reproductive strategy in which females spawn once then die. Sometimes called terminal or "big-bang" spawners. Many cephalopods are semelparous but many are not.
A reproductive strategy in which females spawn once then die. Sometimes called terminal or "big-bang" spawners. Many cephalopods are semelparous but many are not.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
semicrescent plate
(arm suckers) - A semicrescent plate on the proximal margin of the inner sucker arm rings of the loliginid squid <strong>Uroteuthis</strong>.
(arm suckers) - A semicrescent plate on the proximal margin of the inner sucker arm rings of the loliginid squid <strong>Uroteuthis</strong>.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
sepioid gill
Gills of some cirrate octopods that look superficially like gills of sepioids.
Gills of some cirrate octopods that look superficially like gills of sepioids.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
shell sac
The sac that secretes the shell in the Coleoidea. The sac is composed of ectodermal epithelium that invaginates during embryonic development to form an internal sac.
The sac that secretes the shell in the Coleoidea. The sac is composed of ectodermal epithelium that invaginates during embryonic development to form an internal sac.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
side pocket
Pockets formed by small membranous folds of integument lateral to the foveola in the funnel groove in ommastrephid and thysanoteuthid squids.
Pockets formed by small membranous folds of integument lateral to the foveola in the funnel groove in ommastrephid and thysanoteuthid squids.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
siphuncle
The tube-like extension of the body wall, coelom and an external covering tube that penetrates the phragmocone and regulates gas exchange into the phragmocone chambers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphuncle
The tube-like extension of the body wall, coelom and an external covering tube that penetrates the phragmocone and regulates gas exchange into the phragmocone chambers.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
sperm mass
The coiled rope of sperm that lies within the spermatophore or spermatangia.
rope of sperm
todo
The coiled rope of sperm that lies within the spermatophore or spermatangia.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Spermatophore_Terminology?acc_id=1972
spermatangia
Discharged spermatophore which consists of the sperm mass surrounded by a membrane (the inner tunic) with the cement gland at one end.
Discharged spermatophore which consists of the sperm mass surrounded by a membrane (the inner tunic) with the cement gland at one end.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Spermatophore_Terminology?acc_id=1972
cephalopod spermathecum
Specialized sperm-storage structures found in the skin of some female decapodiforms or as pockets of the oviducal gland in octopods.
Specialized sperm-storage structures found in the skin of some female decapodiforms or as pockets of the oviducal gland in octopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
spermatophore
A packet of sperm that is formed by the male and passed to the female during mating. In most coleoids, this packet is very complex and contains a "rope" of sperm (= sperm mass), an ejaculatory apparatus and a cement body. Except for the sperm, the entire structure is non-cellular and consists of a complex architecture of secreted material.
todo - create subclass for undischarged form
A packet of sperm that is formed by the male and passed to the female during mating. In most coleoids, this packet is very complex and contains a "rope" of sperm (= sperm mass), an ejaculatory apparatus and a cement body. Except for the sperm, the entire structure is non-cellular and consists of a complex architecture of secreted material.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Spermatophore_Terminology?acc_id=1972
stalk of tentacle
Region of the tentacle proximal to the club.
Region of the tentacle proximal to the club.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Tentacle_Terminology?acc_id=1962
stalked eye
cephalopod statocyst
A sense-organ that detects gravity, angular accelerations and low-frequency sound. The statocyst is embedded within the cephalic cartlage and contains the statolith.
A sense-organ that detects gravity, angular accelerations and low-frequency sound. The statocyst is embedded within the cephalic cartlage and contains the statolith.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
stellate ganglion
Major ganglion of the peripherial nervous system of neocoleoid cephalopods that controls nerves to the mantle muscles.
Major ganglion of the peripherial nervous system of neocoleoid cephalopods that controls nerves to the mantle muscles.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cephalopod stomach
A muscular organ of the digestive system where primary digestion occurs. The stomach is generally lined with cuticular ridges to aid in grinding food, and is supplied with digestive enzymes from the digestive gland. The stomach may be greatly expandable in size and serve as a storage area until food can be fully processed.
A muscular organ of the digestive system where primary digestion occurs. The stomach is generally lined with cuticular ridges to aid in grinding food, and is supplied with digestive enzymes from the digestive gland. The stomach may be greatly expandable in size and serve as a storage area until food can be fully processed.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Digestive_System?acc_id=1993
stylet
Remnant of the molluscan shell in incirrate octopods. It is generally a slender, pointed rod tightly surrounded by the shell sac and buried in the mantle muscle on either side of the mantle.
Remnant of the molluscan shell in incirrate octopods. It is generally a slender, pointed rod tightly surrounded by the shell sac and buried in the mantle muscle on either side of the mantle.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
subadult stage
Stage at which all of the characters that typically define the species are present. The subadult stage follows the Juvenile Stage and precedes the Adult Stage. A subadult stage is defined in cephalopods since the adult phase is frequently abbreviated.
Stage at which all of the characters that typically define the species are present. The subadult stage follows the Juvenile Stage and precedes the Adult Stage. A subadult stage is defined in cephalopods since the adult phase is frequently abbreviated.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
sucker
Muscular suction-cup on the arms and tentacles and occasionally on the buccal supports. The sucker consists of a cup-shaped portion, the acetabulum, and a flat, distal ring, the infundibulum, that contacts the substrate. Suckers of decapodiforms contain horny rings that often bear teeth or sometimes form hooks.
Muscular suction-cup on the arms and tentacles and occasionally on the buccal supports. The sucker consists of a cup-shaped portion, the acetabulum, and a flat, distal ring, the infundibulum, that contacts the substrate. Suckers of decapodiforms contain horny rings that often bear teeth or sometimes form hooks.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
sucker series
The longitudinal rows of suckers on the arms or tentacles of decapodiforms. Series (= longitudinal rows) contrasts with rows (= transverse rows) in describing sucker arrangement. In octopodiforms, sucker "series" is generally synonymous with "rows", the "longitudinal" component of the term is implied. Suckers can form distinct, regular series or indistinct, irregular series.
The longitudinal rows of suckers on the arms or tentacles of decapodiforms. Series (= longitudinal rows) contrasts with rows (= transverse rows) in describing sucker arrangement. In octopodiforms, sucker "series" is generally synonymous with "rows", the "longitudinal" component of the term is implied. Suckers can form distinct, regular series or indistinct, irregular series.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
sucker stalk
The structure between the sucker and the arm. In octopods it is a cyclindrical structure about the same width as the sucker and in decapodiforms it is constricted into a conical pillar.
pedicel
The structure between the sucker and the arm. In octopods it is a cyclindrical structure about the same width as the sucker and in decapodiforms it is constricted into a conical pillar.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
sucker teeth
Teeth on the inner horny sucker rings of some decapodiforms.
Teeth on the inner horny sucker rings of some decapodiforms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
superior buccal lobes
Lobes of the central nervous system that sit atop the esophagus where the latter enters the buccal mass in decapodiforms but are the anterior-most lobes of the supraesophageal mass of the brain of octopodiforms.
Lobes of the central nervous system that sit atop the esophagus where the latter enters the buccal mass in decapodiforms but are the anterior-most lobes of the supraesophageal mass of the brain of octopodiforms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Brain_Terminology?acc_id=1944
superocular cirri
Muscular structures that can be raised or lowered above the eyes of octopodids but are apparent even when lowered.
Muscular structures that can be raised or lowered above the eyes of octopodids but are apparent even when lowered.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
suprabrachial commissure
Nerve commissure that passes dorsal to the esophagus in most octopodiforms and connects the right and left anterior subesophageal masses of the brain.
todo - mireot
Nerve commissure that passes dorsal to the esophagus in most octopodiforms and connects the right and left anterior subesophageal masses of the brain.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cephalopod swimbladder
Gas-filled structure found in the dorsal region of the pelagic octopods, <em><strong>Ocythoe</strong>,</em> <em><strong>Tremoctopus</strong></em> and <em><strong>Haliphron</strong></em>.
gas bladder
swim bladder
Gas-filled structure found in the dorsal region of the pelagic octopods, <em><strong>Ocythoe</strong>,</em> <em><strong>Tremoctopus</strong></em> and <em><strong>Haliphron</strong></em>.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
tentacle
Modified 4th pair of appendages in decapodiforms that are capable of considerable extension and contraction. Although the tentacles are derived evolutionarily from the 4th pair of arms, the term, "arms IV"; is reserved for the subsequent arm pair, the ventral arms, which are evolutionarily the 5th pair of arms. Each tentacle consist of a proximal stalk usually devoid of suckers, and a distal club armed with suckers and occasionally hooks.
arm
limb
Elongate 4th circumoral appendage of cuttlefish and squids used to capture prey. Divided into proximal stalk and distal club.
Modified 4th pair of appendages in decapodiforms that are capable of considerable extension and contraction. Although the tentacles are derived evolutionarily from the 4th pair of arms, the term, "arms IV"; is reserved for the subsequent arm pair, the ventral arms, which are evolutionarily the 5th pair of arms. Each tentacle consist of a proximal stalk usually devoid of suckers, and a distal club armed with suckers and occasionally hooks.
Wikipedia:Cephalopod_limb
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Composite_Squid?acc_id=1936
Wikipedia:Cephalopod_limb
limb
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
Elongate 4th circumoral appendage of cuttlefish and squids used to capture prey. Divided into proximal stalk and distal club.
Wikipedia:Cephalopod_limb
arm
tentacle absence
Tentacles can be absent because the species lacks tentacles, they are accidentally lost during capture, or they are naturally lost at sexual maturity.
Tentacles can be absent because the species lacks tentacles, they are accidentally lost during capture, or they are naturally lost at sexual maturity.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Tentacle_Absence_in_Cephalopods?acc_id=2046
tentacle pad
Poorly understood and complex pad-like photophores that are found on the tentacular stalks of some chiroteuthidids.
Poorly understood and complex pad-like photophores that are found on the tentacular stalks of some chiroteuthidids.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
tentacle pocket
A pocket that surrounds the base of each tentacle and provides some room for tentacle retraction or contraction.
tentacular pocket
A pocket that surrounds the base of each tentacle and provides some room for tentacle retraction or contraction.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
tentacle thickness
.
.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Tentacle_Thickness?acc_id=2016
terminal fin
Fins that extend to the posterior end of the body.
Fins that extend to the posterior end of the body.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
terminal pad
A circlet or disc of small suckers at the tip of the tentacular club. The pad of one club can adhere to the pad of the other club which holds the clubs together at their tips.
terminal pad of tentacular club
A circlet or disc of small suckers at the tip of the tentacular club. The pad of one club can adhere to the pad of the other club which holds the clubs together at their tips.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
trabecula
Muscular cones or flaps that support the protective membranes on the arms and tentacular clubs in decapodiforms. These are thought to be homologous with the cirri of the octopodiformes.
trabeculae
Muscular cones or flaps that support the protective membranes on the arms and tentacular clubs in decapodiforms. These are thought to be homologous with the cirri of the octopodiformes.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
tragus
Particular inward projecting knob in the funnel locking-apparatus of some squids. It is the knob found on the medial surface of the central depression.
Particular inward projecting knob in the funnel locking-apparatus of some squids. It is the knob found on the medial surface of the central depression.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
truncate tooth
Teeth on the inner horny of rings of decapodiform suckers that do not terminate in a point but rather a broad, flat tip.
truncate teeth
Teeth on the inner horny of rings of decapodiform suckers that do not terminate in a point but rather a broad, flat tip.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cephalopod tubercule
Structures with one or more cusps just beneath the surface epithelium. Tubercules may be cartilagenous, fibrous or of other structure and may be confined to the integument or extend deeper.
Structures with one or more cusps just beneath the surface epithelium. Tubercules may be cartilagenous, fibrous or of other structure and may be confined to the integument or extend deeper.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
gladius vane
Broad, lateral portions of the gladius that arise from the rhachis.
lateral field
wing
vane
Broad, lateral portions of the gladius that arise from the rhachis.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
ventral eyelid
An eyelid that can cover much of the cornea from a ventral position in many sepioids.
An eyelid that can cover much of the cornea from a ventral position in many sepioids.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
ventral shield
The optically modified ventral mantle of heteroteuthins that usually projects anteriorly beneath the head.
The optically modified ventral mantle of heteroteuthins that usually projects anteriorly beneath the head.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
vesicular tissue
Tissues found in some decapodiforms that contain numberous vesicles filled with water that usually contains ammonium chloride. The vesicles may be concentrated in certain structures (e.g., the ventral arms) or scattered throughout the animal. The light solution in the vesicles provide buoyant lift.
Tissues found in some decapodiforms that contain numberous vesicles filled with water that usually contains ammonium chloride. The vesicles may be concentrated in certain structures (e.g., the ventral arms) or scattered throughout the animal. The light solution in the vesicles provide buoyant lift.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
visceral nucleus
A concentration of digestive organs that sometimes includes reproductive organs as well. In cranchiid squids the visceral nucleus is especially distinct: the small, spindle-shaped digestive gland contains the ink sac and is adjacent to the stomach and caecum and associated structures (eg, digestive gland duct appendages, renal appendages). In most cephalopods the concentration of these structures is not so extensive but whenever a concentration exists, a visceral nucleus is present.
BTO:0001448
visceral hump
A concentration of digestive organs that sometimes includes reproductive organs as well. In cranchiid squids the visceral nucleus is especially distinct: the small, spindle-shaped digestive gland contains the ink sac and is adjacent to the stomach and caecum and associated structures (eg, digestive gland duct appendages, renal appendages). In most cephalopods the concentration of these structures is not so extensive but whenever a concentration exists, a visceral nucleus is present.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
BTO:0001448
visceral hump
visceral sac
The body posterior to the head surrounded by the mantle. The body wall in this region that incases the viscera is usually rather thin-walled, hence the name "visceral sac." The visceral sac is also called the "visceral dome."
visceral dome
The body posterior to the head surrounded by the mantle. The body wall in this region that incases the viscera is usually rather thin-walled, hence the name "visceral sac." The visceral sac is also called the "visceral dome."
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
visceropericardial coelom
The largest coelom in cephalopods except in the Octopoda where it is greatly reduced. Geneally it encloses the gonad, and partially the stomach, caecum and ventricle among other structures. Eggs and sperm are released into the coelom and picked up by the gonoducts. The visceropercardial coelom also communicates with the other cephalopod coelom, the nephridial coelom, and the mantle cavity via a pair of ducts that open at the base of the nephridial papillae.
The largest coelom in cephalopods except in the Octopoda where it is greatly reduced. Geneally it encloses the gonad, and partially the stomach, caecum and ventricle among other structures. Eggs and sperm are released into the coelom and picked up by the gonoducts. The visceropercardial coelom also communicates with the other cephalopod coelom, the nephridial coelom, and the mantle cavity via a pair of ducts that open at the base of the nephridial papillae.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
water pore
One or two pairs of pores in the integument of the head that communicate with extensive spaces at the bases of arms on some pelagic argonautoid octopods.
One or two pairs of pores in the integument of the head that communicate with extensive spaces at the bases of arms on some pelagic argonautoid octopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
web
Muscular membrane that extends between the arms of many octopodiforms but is reduced or absent in most decapodiforms.
Muscular membrane that extends between the arms of many octopodiforms but is reduced or absent in most decapodiforms.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
web nodule
Muscular rods embedded in the web of some cirrate octopods.
Muscular rods embedded in the web of some cirrate octopods.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
white body
Amorphous organ near the optic lobes that forms white blood cells.
TODO: immune system
Amorphous organ near the optic lobes that forms white blood cells.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
wing
(shell) - Lateral limbs of the shell of cirrate octopods
(shell) - Lateral limbs of the shell of cirrate octopods
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
leucophore
Reflective cells in the skin of some cephalopods containing numerous refractive granules on stalks that together produce a scattered reflection of ambient light.
TODO: cells
Reflective cells in the skin of some cephalopods containing numerous refractive granules on stalks that together produce a scattered reflection of ambient light.
http://tolweb.org/notes/?note_id=2646
ink
primary oviduct
Female gonoduct. The oviduct conducts eggs from the visceropericardial coelom, that holds the ovary, to the exterior and is often used to store eggs. In some argonautoid octopods eggs are fertilized and undergo either partial (Argonauta ) or complete (Ocythoe) embryonic development within the oviduct.
Female gonoduct. The oviduct conducts eggs from the visceropericardial coelom, that holds the ovary, to the exterior and is often used to store eggs. In some argonautoid octopods eggs are fertilized and undergo either partial (Argonauta ) or complete (Ocythoe) embryonic development within the oviduct.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
cephalopod ovary
photosensitive vesicle of cephalic cartilage
squid
photosensitive vesicle of stellate ganglion
octopod
obsolete brachial photophore
true
tentacular club
Terminal, usually expanded, grasping portion of tentacle that is armed with suckers or, in some groups, with suckers and hooks.
Terminal, usually expanded, grasping portion of tentacle that is armed with suckers or, in some groups, with suckers and hooks.
Terminal, usually expanded, grasping portion of tentacle that is armed with suckers or, in some groups, with suckers and hooks.
optic nerve bundle
Large nerve bundles that run from the optic lobe to the eye.
optic stalk
todo - mireot
Large nerve bundles that run from the optic lobe to the eye.
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopoda_Glossary?acc_id=587
lobe of brain
lobe of nervous system
buccal lobe
subesophageal mass of brain
middle subesophageal mass of brain
posterior subesophageal mass of brain
supraesophageal mass of brain
cephalopod trait
2011-01-30T08:15:10Z
cjm
basal lobe of brain
Higher motor centers, located (for example) in the basal lobe (b.l.) control complex behaviors that involve the animal's whole body.
superior frontal lobe system
vertical frontal lobe system
VL
vertical lobe
anal photophore
photophore at side of anus
http://tolweb.org/accessory/Cephalopod_Photophore_Terminology?acc_id=2015
photophore at side of anus
collection of suckers
transverse row of suckers
circumoral appendage segment
TODO - mireot from uberon
circumoral appendage
arm crown
head appendage
Any of the numerous arms or tentacles that arise from the head and surround the mouth of a cephalopod
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
Any of the numerous arms or tentacles that arise from the head and surround the mouth of a cephalopod
cephalopod size
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod_size
buccal membrane support
buccal support
longitudinal muscular rod fused with buccal membrane
bullet-shaped mantle
posteriorly blunt rather than broad body (mantle) common in larval cephalopods
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
posteriorly blunt rather than broad body (mantle) common in larval cephalopods
extrategumental chromatophore
A larval chromatophore located deep beneather the integument
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
A larval chromatophore located deep beneather the integument
chromatophore field
Collection of chromatophores that produces species-specific patterns in discrete regions
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
Collection of chromatophores that produces species-specific patterns in discrete regions
tegumental chromatophore
Chromatophores located in or near surface integument
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
Chromatophores located in or near surface integument
cirrus
body cirrus
A fleshy protruberance of skin that can be erected as a papilla, usually dorsal to the eyes
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
A fleshy protruberance of skin that can be erected as a papilla, usually dorsal to the eyes
phragmacone
found in fossil teuthoids
The phragmocone is the chambered portion of the shell of a cephalopod. It is divided by septa into camerae.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phragmocone
The phragmocone is the chambered portion of the shell of a cephalopod. It is divided by septa into camerae.
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
found in fossil teuthoids
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
corneal membrane
A thin turgid transparent membrane that covers the eyes of myopsid and sepioid cephalopods
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
A thin turgid transparent membrane that covers the eyes of myopsid and sepioid cephalopods
gill length
Koelicker organ
Minute bristle-like structure that covers the body of planktonic octopod larvae
lanceola
Expanded portion of gladius vane
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
Expanded portion of gladius vane
macula
Irregular spot capable of expanding or retracting
nuchal fold
One of a series of longitudinal folds or pleats of skin in the nuchal region
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
One of a series of longitudinal folds or pleats of skin in the nuchal region
ocellus
false eye spot
cephalopod sperm receptacle
A bulbous structure found in buccal region of femles of some cephalopods for retention of viable sperm until required for fertilization
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
A bulbous structure found in buccal region of femles of some cephalopods for retention of viable sperm until required for fertilization
spermatophore pad
inner sucker ring
outer sucker ring
tail
Posterior extension of gladius and mantle epithelium. Frequently elongate.
http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
Posterior extension of gladius and mantle epithelium. Frequently elongate.
branchial heart appendage
pericardial gland
spot
dorsal beak
upper mandible
ventral beak
lower mandible
septum
arm I
dorsal arm
arm II
arm III
external shell
Nautiluses are the only living cepholopod with an external shell throughout their life cycle
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/w7192e/w7192e02.pdf
Nautiluses are the only living cepholopod with an external shell throughout their life cycle
spermatophore groove
A channel or groove running along the length of the hectocotylus
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/w7192e/w7192e02.pdf
A channel or groove running along the length of the hectocotylus
shield
dorsal shield
hard calcareous dorsal surface of the cuttlebone
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/w7192e/w7192e02.pdf
hard calcareous dorsal surface of the cuttlebone
epirenal body
glandular structures of unknown function which lie on either side of the renal papillae
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/w7192e/w7192e02.pdf
glandular structures of unknown function which lie on either side of the renal papillae
renal sac
kidney
nephridium
tooth of sucker ring
umbilicus
the central core of the chambered Nautilus shell, representing the juvenile shell with its initial coils
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/w7192e/w7192e02.pdf
the central core of the chambered Nautilus shell, representing the juvenile shell with its initial coils
web depth
beak length
hood length
lower rostral length
LRL
upper rostral length
URL
spadix organ
shell chamber
Camerae (singular camera) are the spaces or chambers enclosed between two adjacent septa in the phragmocone of a nautiloid or ammonoid cephalopod. These can be seen in cross-sections of a nautilus shell and in the polished cross-sections of ammonites. In life these chambers are filled with gas, mediated by the siphuncle, and used to control buoyancy.
phragmacone chamber
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_%28cephalopod%29
Camerae (singular camera) are the spaces or chambers enclosed between two adjacent septa in the phragmocone of a nautiloid or ammonoid cephalopod. These can be seen in cross-sections of a nautilus shell and in the polished cross-sections of ammonites. In life these chambers are filled with gas, mediated by the siphuncle, and used to control buoyancy.
shell septum
orthocone
An orthocone is a usually long straight shell of a nautiloid cephalopod.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthocone
An orthocone is a usually long straight shell of a nautiloid cephalopod.
internal shell
shell aperture
An opening in a mollusc shell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture_%28mollusc%29
An opening in a mollusc shell
shell apex
the tip of the mollusc shell of a gastropod, scaphopod, or cephalopod mollusc.
n orthocone cephalopods, the pointed end of the shell is called the apex, and shell growth is away from the apex and toward the aperture. The first chamber of the apex is sometimes called the protoconch.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apex_%28mollusc%29
the tip of the mollusc shell of a gastropod, scaphopod, or cephalopod mollusc.
funnel component of funnel-mantle locking apparatus
mantle component of funnel-mantle locking apparatus
spermatophore gland
Ammonoidea
ammonites
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_subclass
Goniatitida
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_order
Ceratitida
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_order
Ammonitida
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_order
reproductive trait
appendage trait
habitat trait
In future, this class will be connected to ENVO
shell trait
integument trait
fin trait
head trait
whole organism trait
gill trait
iteroparous
characterized by multiple reproductive cycles over the course of its lifetime
Nautiluses are the only cephalopods to present iteroparity
organ of Hoeven
pyroform sac
An organ on the left side of the reproductive tract occupying the analagous position to the genital duct in males and females. Found in Nautilus.
pyroform gland
sexual size dimorphism
Tremoctopus exhibit an extreme degree of sexual dimorphism. Females may reach 2 m in length, whereas the tiny males are at most a few centimeters long.
sexual dimorphism
buccal ganglion
epithelial layer of gladius
gladius epithelium
pen epithelium
epithelial layer of pen
marginal epithelial layer of the gladius
marginal epithelial layer on the pen
ventral epithelial layer of gladius
ventral epithelial layer on the pen
iridophore
leucophore
biological_process
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
GOC:go_curators
GOC:isa_complete
bioluminescence
The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells.
Wikipedia:Bioluminescence
ISBN:0198506732
The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells.
locomotion
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.
GOC:dgh
Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.
flight
Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.
GOC:dph
Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.