An ontology of core ecological entities
2022-03-09
definition
editor note
term editor
definition source
A system in which living entities consume living, dead, or non-living entities or are consumed by other living entities through trophic interactions.
consumer-resource system
trophic system
topological web
web of life
food web
A system in which living entities consume living, dead, or non-living entities or are consumed by other living entities through trophic interactions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web
A food web in which the outputs of a trophic interaction are consumed by organisms acting in a lower trophic level relative to the initial interaction.
Definition needs revision, but core intention is captured.
food cycle
A system in which a series of living entities consume living, dead, or non-living entities in successively higher trophic levels.
consumer-resource chain
trophic chain
food chain
A system in which a series of living entities consume living, dead, or non-living entities in successively higher trophic levels.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web
A function which inheres in a living entity by virtue of that entity being able to feed on a material.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
trophic function
A function which inheres in a living entity by virtue of that entity being able to feed on living or once-living (dead) material.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
heterotrophic function
A function which inheres in a living entity by virtue of that entity being able to harvest energy and create biomass from non-living materials.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
autotrophic function
A function which inheres in a living entity by virtue of that entity being able to realize autotrophic and heterotrophic functions.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
mixotrophic function
A process during which a living entity acquires or generates food and energy from a living, dead, or non-living entity.
All categories of interaction partners should be indentified in subclasses.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
trophic process
A trophic process during which a living entity acquires energy and generates biomass from non-living entities.
This should be axiomatised and made a defined class: any trophic interaction which has as input some inorganic material (non-living) that is the only source of carbon or reducing equivalents source is a autotrophic process.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
autotrophy
An organism that obtains carbon for growth and development by metabolizing biogenic organic compounds derived from living or dead material.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
consumer
heterotroph
A trophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming another organism or organism part, living or dead.
This should be axiomatised and made a defined class: any trophic interaction which has as input some organic material (living or dead) that is the only source of carbon or reducing equivalents source is a autotrophic process.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
consumption
heterotrophy
An organism which is capable of heterotrophic and autotrophic trophic processes.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
mixotroph
A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming nectar.
2022-03-09T17:05:35Z
nectivory
A trophic process during which a living entity acquires reducing equivalents from inorganic chemicals for use in biosynthesis or energy conservation via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
lithotrophy
A trophic process during which a living entity acquires reducing equivalents from inorganic chemicals for use in biosynthesis or energy conservation via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithotroph
A heterotroph which consumes fungi.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
fungal feeder
mycophage
fungivore
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming living fungal material.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
fungal feeding
mycophagy
In this class, we make no commitment to whether the organism belongs to a taxon which has adapted to a fungi-heavy diet: this is a functional defintion, referencing the act of eating, primarily, a fungi-based diet.
fungivory
A trophic process during which a living entity generates food from abiotic sources or through consumption of living or dead material, and captures energy from light.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
phototrophy
A trophic process during which a living entity generates food from abiotic sources or through consumption of living or dead material, and captures energy from light.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototroph
A history which includes all the processes during which resources are used by an organism to grow, survive, and reproduce over its lifetime.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-7715
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
life history
A history which includes all the processes during which resources are used by an organism to grow, survive, and reproduce over its lifetime.
ISBN:130596733X
ISBN:9781305967335
A heterotroph which consumes plants or macroalgae via ingestion through a type of "mouth". Plant or algal matter is broken down through an internal digestion process.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
phytophage
primary consumer
plant eater
There is some debate over whether herbivores should be restricted to plants and macroalgae or generalsed to more photoautotrophs. We welcome input on our issue tracker: https://github.com/EcologicalSemantics/ecocore
herbivore
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming living plant- or macro-algal material.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
phytophagy
plant trophism
In this class, we make no commitment to whether the organism belongs to a taxon which has adapted to a herbivorous diet: this is a functional defintion, referencing the act of eating, primarily, a plant- or macroalga-based diet.
herbivory
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming living metazoan (animal) material.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
zoophagy
In this class, we make no commitment to whether the organism belongs to a taxon which has adapted to a carnivorous diet: this is a functional defintion, referencing the act of eating, primarily, an animal-based diet.
carnivory
A process during which two living entities engage in a close and long-term biological interaction.
2022-03-09T17:22:07Z
symbiosis
An organism which is capable of incorporating abiogenic (inorganic) carbon into its biomass.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
primary producer
autotroph
Quotient (or ratio) of surface area of an organism divided by the mass of the same organism
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
area to mass ratio
A symbiotic process in which one participant gains benefits while the other participant neither benefits nor is harmed.
2022-03-09T17:23:41Z
commensalism
The duration of the development from fertilized, deposited or implanted egg to hatching/birth. Corresponds to egg incubation duration in oviparous animals and to gestation period duration in viviparous animals.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
gestation
incubation
prenatal development
Type of food comprising the majority of the diet of an organism
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
primary diet
A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce offspring that develop inside a shelled egg, with a large food supply in yolk, after internal fertilization
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
oviparous
A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce offspring that are born live, or where the development of the offspring is supported by either parent in or on any part of their body
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
viviparous
A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce offspring that are born live after retaining the eggs inside the body of the female
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
ovoviviparous
A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce offspring via external fertilization, the oocytes being released and fertilized outside the female's body by the male
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
ovuliparous
A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce zygotes that develop in the female's oviducts, but find their nutriments from other tissues, whether skin or glandular tissue
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
histrotrophic viviparity
A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce offspring that receive nutriments from the female during prenatal development via a specialized structure, such as a placenta
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
hemotrophic viviparity
The second post-naupliar life stage of a copepod
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
copepodid stage 2
The third post-naupliar life stage of a copepod
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
copepodid stage 3
The fourth post-naupliar life stage of a copepod
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
copepodid stage 4
The fifth post-naupliar life stage of a copepod
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
copepodid stage 5
The sixth post-naupliar life stage of a copepod
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
copepodid stage 6
An evolutionary quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's morphological and physiological adaptation for running
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
cursorial
An evolutionary quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's morphological and physiological adaptation for digging and living underground
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
fossorial
An evolutionary quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's morphological and physiological adaptation for living in trees
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
arboreal
a reproductive quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer having reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes at the same time
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
monoecious
hermaphroditic
a reproductive quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer having female reproductive organs at the beginning of its life and then switching to male reproductive organs
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
protogynous
The process by which a larvae transforms into an adult wherein the larvae looks like a smaller adult form
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
direct development
heterotroph that acquires nutrition from a symbiont
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
symbiotroph
An organism bearing a symbiont role and capable of living within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
endophyte
A symbiotic process in which one participant gains benefits while the other participant is harmed.
2022-03-09T17:28:04Z
parasitism
anatomical entity that comprises the organism in a distinct juvenile form that is provided with a source of nutrition, usually a yolk sac, to use before metamorphosing into an adult
lecithotrophic larva
a community of microscopic, unicellular eukaryotic algae and the prokaryotic Cyanobacteria which live on sediment surfaces
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
algae
microphytobenthos
Organism that acquires nutrition by consuming particles of organic matter that have settled to the bottom of a body of water.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
deposit feeder
A heterotroph that acquires nutrition by consuming particles suspended in water or air.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
suspension feeder
Organism that acquires nutrition by consuming particles of organic matter that have settled to the bottom of a body of water. The organism lives beneath the surface of the bottom sediment and retrieves food particles without coming into direct contact with the sediment surface.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
subsurface deposit feeder
Organism that acquires nutrition by consuming particles of organic matter that have settled to the bottom of a body of water. The organism lives on or in the bottom sediment and uses a part of its body to retrieve the food particles directly from the surface.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
surface deposit feeder
heterotroph that obtains nutrition by breaking down dead or decaying organisms or other organic matter
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
decomposer
A decomposer which obtains nutrition by consuming detritus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
detritivore
A decomposer that obtains nutrition through extracellular digestion of decaying organic matter
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
saprotroph
A decomposition process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming detritus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
detritivory
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by breaking down organic substances into simpler matter.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
decomposition
A decomposition process during which a living entity acquires food and energy through extracellular digestion of decaying organic matter.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
saprotrophy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy through a symbiotic relationship with another organism.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
symbiotrophy
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the organization of the systems of organs involved with sexual reproduction amongst the bearer's conspecifics.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
sexual system
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the structure of the bearer's conspecifics in relation to sexual behavior.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
mating system
One male and one female have an exclusive mating relationship
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
monogamous
One female has an exclusive mating relationship with two or more males
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
polyandrous
One male has an exclusive mating relationship with two or more females
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
polygynous
Two or more males have an exclusive mating relationship with two or more females
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
polygynandrous
a member of one sex mates with any member of the opposite sex
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
promiscuity
The ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, or other defined zone or habitat type.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
endemic
The ecological state of a species or population wherein all individuals are dead.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
extinct
The ecological state of a species living in a region where its presence is the result of only natural process, with no human intervention
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
native
indigenous
The ecological state of a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
exotic
introduced
The ecological state that is not the extinct state
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
extant
The ecological state of a species being found across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
cosmopolitan
The ecological state of a species being unique to a very small and specific location, such as the side of a mountain or a single lake.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
microendemic
The estimated proportion of members of a population alive in year t that is still alive in year t + 1
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
annual survival rate
A polyphyletic group of diverse photosynthetic organisms that excludes vascular plants and mosses and includes cyanobacteria, seaweed, and some single-celled organisms.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
algae
Bacteria that are able to obtain their energy through photosynthesis
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
cyanobacteria
An evolutionary quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's morphological and physiological adaptation for being active primarily during dawn and dusk
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
crepuscular
An evolutionary quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's morphological and physiological adaptation for being active during the hours of darkness
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
nocturnal
An evolutionary quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's morphological and physiological adaptation for being active during the hours of daylight
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
diurnal
An evolutionary quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's morphological and physiological adaptation for participating in long-distance movement of conspecifics, usually on a seasonal basis
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
migratory
An herbivore that primarily consumes grasses.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graminivore
grass eater
graminivore
An herbivore that primarily consumes leaves
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folivore
leaf eater
phyllophage
folivore
An herbivore that primarily consumes roots
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
racidivore
rhizophage
root eater
root feeder
root herbivore
rhizovore
An herbivore that primarily consumes algae
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
algae eater
algophage
algivore
A heterotroph with a temporary parasitic association with another organism that leads to the death of the host. After which, the parasitoid can continue without the host or can move on to a new host. These organisms are considered partly parasites and partly predators.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
parasitoid
A heterotroph that consumes animals in whole or in part via ingestion through a type of "mouth". Animal matter is broken down through an internal digestion process.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
zoophage
carnivore
A carnivore that actively captures and consumes other animals, causing their immediate or immenent death
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
predator
A carnivore that feeds on dead and decaying animal matter
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
necrophage
scavenger
A predator that primarily eats insects
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
entomophage
insectivore
A predator that eats primary consumers or herbivores
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
secondary consumer
A predator that eats secondary consumers
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
tertiary consumer
A predator that eats tertiary consumers
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
quaternary consumer
a predator residing at the top of a food chain upon which no other creatures prey.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
top predator
apex predator
a predator that captures or traps prey by stealth or strategy, rather than by speed or strength.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
ambush predator
a detritivore that consumes leaf litter
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
litter transformer
a heterotroph that consumes bacteria
bacterial feeder
bacterivore
A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming grasses, leaves, and other soft plant material.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
herbivorous grazing
A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming seeds of a plant.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
granivory
seed predation
A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming twigs, leaves, and bark of trees and shrubs.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
herbivorous browsing
A carnivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming other animals while they are stil alive. Predation leads directly to the imminent death of the prey organism(s).
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
The definition of predation can be controversial.
predation
A carnivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming dead or decaying animal matter.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
necrophagy
scavenging
A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
cannibalism
A cannibalistic process during which an embryo obtains food and energy by consuming a less-developed sibling while both are still in the uterus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
intrauterine cannibalism
An intrauterine cannibalistic process during which an embryo obtains food and energy by consuming a less-developed sibling embryo while both are still in the uterus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
embryophagy
adelphophagy
An intrauterine cannibalistic process during which an embryo obtains food and energy by consuming less-developed sibling eggs while both are still in the uterus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
oophagy
A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming insects.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
entomophagy
insectivory
A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming eggs.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
egg predation
A predation process during which a group of predators cooperates to kill creatures larger than those they could overpower singly.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predation#Social_predation
social predation
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming a very narrow range of food items, sometimes only one.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
monophagy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming a few, very specific food items.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligophagy
oligophagy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming a wide range of food items.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
polyphagy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming bacteria.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
bacterial feeding
bactivory
A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce offspring via external fertilisation, the oocytes being scattered into the environment and fertilised outside the female's body by the male.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
broadcast spawn
A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce offspring via external fertilisation, the oocytes being released in an ovigerous sac and fertilised outside the female's body by the male.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
sac spawn
a reproductive quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer having male reproductive organs at the beginning of its life and then switching to female reproductive organs
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
protandrous
a reproductive quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer having female reproductive organs at the beginning of its life and then switching to being a hermaphrodite
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
protogynous hermaphroditism
a reproductive quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer having male reproductive organs at the beginning of its life and then switching to being a hermaphrodite
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
protandrous hermaphroditism
a reproductive quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer changing sex at some point in its life
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
dichogamy
sequentially hermaphroditic
A photoautotroph which is capable of using a biogenic organic compound as an electron donor.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
photoorganoautotroph
A photoautotroph which is capable of using an abiogenic organic compound as an electron donor.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
photolithoautotroph
A chemoautotroph which is capable of using a biogenic organic compound as an electron donor.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
chemoorganoautotroph
A chemoautotroph which is capable of using an abiogenic organic compound as an electron donor.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
chemolithoautotroph
A photoheterotroph which is capable of using a biogenic organic compound as an electron donor.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
photoorganoheterotroph
A photoheterotroph which is capable of using an abiogenic organic compound as an electron donor.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
photolithoheterotroph
A chemoheterotroph which is capable of using a biogenic organic compound as an electron donor.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
chemoorganoheterotroph
A chemoheterotroph which is capable of using an abiogenic organic compound as an electron donor.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
chemolithoheterotroph
An autotroph which is capable of obtaining energy from the bonds in a chemical compound.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
chemoautotroph
An autotroph which is capable of transforming light into chemical energy.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
photoautotroph
A heterotroph which is capable of transforming light into chemical energy.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
photoheterotroph
A heterotroph which is capable of obtaining energy from the bonds in a chemical compound.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
chemoheterotroph
An organism that thrives in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to most life on Earth
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile
extremophile
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to live on the surface of the soil and in leaf litter
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495
surface dwelling
epigeic
An herbivore that primarily consumes fruits or fruit-like vegetables
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1470764
carpophage
fructivore
fruit eater
frugivore
An herbivore that primarily consumes pollen
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3805698
pollen eater
palynivore
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by eating food off of a surface while slowly moving through the environment.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
grazing
An herbivore that primarily consumes nectar
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://www.wikidata.org/entry/Q120880
nectar eater
nectivore
nectarivore
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to live in the top 20 cm of soil and make temporary, horizontal burrows.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495
endogeic
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to burrow more than 20 cm deep into the soil and make permanent, vertical burrows.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-9495
anecic
An herbivore that primarily consumes seeds
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1974986
seed eater
granivore
An herbivore that primarily consumes wood
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2072826
xylophage
An herbivore that primarily consumes plant exudates - gums, saps, and resins
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
J.G. Fleagle 1988 Primate Adaptations and Evolution. Academic Press. NY
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17020010
gumivore
gummivore
gumnivore
A symbiotroph that reduces the fitness, survival, or growth of its symbiont, often called a host
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q10253316
parasite
A symbiotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from another living entity via a close association. The entity providing the food and energy is harmed by this process.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
trophic parasitism
An organism that is consumed in whole or in part by a predator
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
prey
Prey that is successfully captured and consumed at a higher frequency than other types of prey. The predator may be specially adapted for capturing or consuming its preferred prey or have special nutritional requirements that are only met by the preferred prey.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
preferred prey
Prey that is consumed only if the preferred prey are unavailable.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
alternative prey
alternate prey
A parasite that lives entirely within the body of its host
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q9300235
endoparasite
internal parasite
A parasite that lives on the exterior surface of its host
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7880449
ectoparasite
external parasite
A parasite that enters the body of the host, but remains partially outside
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
mesoparasite
A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming snakes.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2746753
snake eating
ophiophagy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming hard organisms or hard parts of organisms. This can include plants, such as bamboo, animals with hard shells, such as corals, or the hard parts of organisms, such as bone. Durophagy requires special adaptions, such as blunt, strong teeth and a heavy jaw.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durophagy
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5316712
durophagy
A predator that primarily eats fish
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1420208
fish eater
piscivore
A suspension feeder that acquires nutrition by consuming particles using a filtering apparatus.
filter feeder
A suspension feeder that acquires nutrition by consuming planktonic organisms.
planktivore
A heterotroph that obtains dissolved organic compounds by osmosis for nutrition. An osmotroph is not directly involved in breaking down organic material to create the organic compounds it uses.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
osmotroph
A symbiotrophic process in which a bacterium provides chemically-derived energy and nutrients, often via the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, to a higher organism.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
chemosymbiosis
A symbiotrophic process in which a photosynthetic organism provides energy and nutrients to a heterotrophic organism.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
photosymbiosis
A trophic process during which a living entity acquires reducing equivalents from organic chemicals for use in biosynthesis or energy conservation via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.
organotrophy
A trophic process during which a living entity generates food from abiotic sources or through consumption of living or dead material, and captures energy from preformed molecules.
chemotrophy
A carnivore that consumes blood, during a brief, temporary interaction.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
blood eater
hematophage
sanguivore
A carnivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming blood.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
hematophagy
A reproductive process wherein a virus uses another cell for reproduction. This process causes the mortality of the host cell via lysis.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
viral predation
a folivore that lives in and eats the leaf tissue of plants
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
leaf miner
an herbivore that primarily consumes grasses, leaves, and other soft plant material
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-2342
herbivorous grazer
An herbivore that primarily consumes twigs, leaves, and bark of trees and shrubs.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
herbivorous browser
a carnivore that primarily eats organisms less than 1 cm in their longest dimension
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-2342
microcarnivore
an organism that uses inorganic sulfur compounds as a terminal electron acceptor during cellular respiration
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
sulfur reducing organism
sulphur reducer
sulphur reducing organism
sulfur reducer
an organism that does not require oxygen for growth
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
anaerobic organism
anaerobe
an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
aerobic organism
aerobe
an organism capable of producing all amino acids required for its growth
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
prototrophic organism
prototroph
an organism that is unable to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
auxotrophic organism
auxotroph
a decomposer which obtains nutrition by consuming feces
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
coprophage
an anaerobe that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent.
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
facultative anaerobic organism
facultative anaerobe
an anaerobe that cannot grow in the presence of oxygen
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
obligate anaerobe
an aerobe that requires oxygen to grow
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
obligate aerobe
an aerobe that can grow at oxygen levels lower than what is present in the atmosphere
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
microaerophilic organism
microaerophile
an anaerobe that can tolerate low levels of oxygen
aerotolerant anaerobe
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming particles of organic matter that have settled to the bottom of a body of water
2021-10-26T20:14:31Z
deposit feeding
An environmental zone that encompasses the geographical area in which most members of a species as collection of organisms can be found.
I feel that there should be some relationship to "species as collection of organisms" but I don't know which one. Determined by seems a little too strong, but might work.
Not all member of the species are necessarily found within its range, because there may be individuals in zoos or individuals that have strayed beyond the range but which will not be able to form a sustainable population in the new area. The latter individuals are often referred to as vagrants.
species range
An environmental zone that encompasses the geographical area in which most members of a species as collection of organisms can be found.
algae
A heterotroph that consumes plant and animal matter either in whole or in part via ingestion through a type of "mouth". Animal and plant matter is broken down through an internal digestion process
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
omnivore
An environmental zone which an animal consistently defends against conspecifics or, occasionally, animals of other species
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327
territory
editor preferred term
example of usage
has curation status
alternative term
has axiom label
temporal interpretation
is a defining property chain axiom
is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive
monoecious organism