A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis.
An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid.
camera-type eye plus associated structures
An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system.
Anatomical projection that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail, feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, antler, bristle and some scales.
One of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins.
Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported.
The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO].
An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity.
A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph.
Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers.
Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP].
A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity.
A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ.
Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS.
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism.
The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm.
An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm.
mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure
A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses.
A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO).
Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine.
Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified].
Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures.
Endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP].
The ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females.
The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks).
The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body.
A bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach disgorged through the mouth or nose that happens as a result of a vomit reflex.
Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid.
A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
Pleural effusion is a bodily fluid that is produced in exess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation.
A bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose.
Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells.
A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes.
Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs.
Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
An embryo that is at the late embryonic stage; this stage covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching.
The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity).
A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP].
A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex].
The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified].
A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands.
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function.
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument.
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis.
Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO].
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA].
Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA].
Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA].
A semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.
Chyle is a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats.
Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water.
Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid.
Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen.
Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.
Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut.
The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm.
Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity.
A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ.
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].
Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.
The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO].
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction.
Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).
The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis.
Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration.
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes.
The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products.
Organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP].
Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue.
A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism.
The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].
The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord.
An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures.
Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information.
Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract.
The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract.
Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)].
In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted].
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].
A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
Transudate contained in the pleural cavity.
Excretion that is the output of a kidney.
Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells.
Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO].
textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus
An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition].
Epithelial layer that lines the intestine.
The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present.
A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord.
A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions.
A lymphatic vessel that is part of a face [Automatically generated definition].
Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.
A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc).
A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO].
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
A tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted].
Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO].
Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons.
Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm].
The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens.
The pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited].
The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye.
The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.
Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP].
A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor.
A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP].
A transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina.
Gelatinous mucoid tissue that is composed of vitreous humor and fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina[MP,modified].
The chamber in the eyeball enclosing the vitreous humor, bounded anteriorly by the lens and ciliary body and posteriorly by the posterior wall of the eyeball[BTO,modified].
Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive).
Any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive).
A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye.
A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions.
Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands, and made of made of triglyceride oils, wax, squalene, and metabolytes of fat-producing cells[BTO,WP].
A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces.
The most anterior region of the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon.
Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.
The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle.
A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia].
An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation.
The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended.
Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium.
A vessel through which blood circulates in the body.
Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified].
A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons.
An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face.
Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo.
The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP].
Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP].
An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen.
The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA].
Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm].
The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis.
The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles.
Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present.
The sensory system subserving the sense of vision.
A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis.
Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs.
Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].
A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
Vasculature that is part of the eye region.
Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems.
Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA].
periventricular zone of the hypothalamus
A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere.
The yellow or brown waxy secretions produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear canal[MESH].
Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle.
chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle
lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
A neural nucleus that is part of the brain.
Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm.
A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP].
Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue.
epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma
Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.
Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO].
Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells.
Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system through lymph capillaries[WP].
Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.
Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle.
An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues.
A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition].
The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system[WP].
Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.
An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition].
In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA].
Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians.
One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches.
Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic.
Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina.
Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia.
A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP].
The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form.
Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted].
A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue.
The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads.
The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.
Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles.
Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP].
A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP].
A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA].
The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO].
Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP].
Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone.
Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP].
Neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage.
Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism.
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme.
Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism).
Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP].
Septum that divides the internal chambers (camerae) of the shell of a cephalopod, namely nautiloids or ammonoids.
An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition].
epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch
ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue
An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition].
An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition].
A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage.
A blood island that is part of a mesoderm.
Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye.
Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition].
A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition].
A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa.
An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition].
Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi.
An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition].
A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk).
A lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel
lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius
A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].
A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition].
A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition].
blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball
A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition].
A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].
portion of connective tissue of adult head
A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
apparatus respiratorius connective tissue
apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue
apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus
connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius
portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius
portion of connective tissue of respiratory system
respiratory system portion of connective tissue
textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius
textus connectivus of respiratory system
A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition].
A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature.
A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain.
Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition].
The epithelial component of the choroid plexus. Consists of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue.
epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract.
The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses.
A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells.
One of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid.
The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present.
Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces.
A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition].
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm.
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm.
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.
The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA].
The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field.
A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.
An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.
A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart.
Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system.
A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm.
A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition].
A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].
smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system
A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition].
anal part of perineum involuntary muscle
anal part of perineum non-striated muscle
anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue
involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum
non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum
smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum
A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition].
smooth muscle tissue of lymphatic vessel
A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition].
Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels.
Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition].
A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition].
chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle
chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of lateral ventricle
choroid plexus epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle
choroid plexus epithelium of lateral ventricle
epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle
epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle
epithelium of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue
lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium
lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue
lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus
lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus
lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium
A muscle that is part of the eye region.
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.
The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome.
A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube.
A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system
respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle
A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system
respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle
The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries.
Sum of all sensory systems in an organism.
Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles.
Any collection of muscles that is part of a face.
Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition].
A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition].
A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ.
Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.
A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.
A vascular network consisting of blood vessels.
The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP].
A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres).
Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres.
A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO].
Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue.
Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles.
Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular.
Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body.
The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract.
mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius
mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius
A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system.
Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia.
An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].
apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue
epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius
An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition].
epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system
gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue
A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition].
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP].
splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra.
Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts.
A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm.
A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract.
A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer.
An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition].
The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds.
One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP].
A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN].
An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO].
Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO].
Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system.
An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis.
A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part.
An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions.
An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli.
An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions.
Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells.
Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk.
A set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord[WP].
ventricular system of central nervous system
A structure found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain, consisting of part of the meninges (pia mater in mammals) plus ependyma[cjm].
Tela chorioidea that lines the telencephalic ventricle.
tela chorioidea of telencephalic ventricle
tela choroidea of telencephalic ventricle
A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo.
Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
A layer in the central nervous system that lines system of communicating cavities in the brain and spinal cord.
region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis
An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye.
A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array.
The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system.
alimentary part of gastrointestinal system
Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens.
Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube.
Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad.
A vascular network formed by frequent anastomoses between the blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a part.
An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball.
An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle.
Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves.
An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure.
An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina.
A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme.
The paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip.
Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA].
Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified].
Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation.
Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers.
The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx.
The foremost region of the future forebrain that develops into the diencephalon.
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain.
An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut.
Future brain vesicle that gives rise to telencephalic ventricle/lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle.
A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media.
Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light.
Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not.
A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards.
A tube that is part of a excretory system.
An organ system subdivision that is a network of vessels capable of removing accumulating protein and fluid from the interstitial space and returning it to the vascular space. In some species, this network is connected to the immune system via lymph nodes and lymphocyte-producing organs, with the whole being the lymphoid system.
The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO].
A nucleus of brain that is part of a hypothalamus.
A nucleus of brain that is part of a diencephalon.
Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm.
Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure.
Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm.
Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm.
A rigid covering that envelops an object.
A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm.
Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence.
The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA].
The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO].
Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch.
A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified].
A dark greenish mass that accumulates in the bowel during fetal life and is discharged shortly after birth.
An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section.
Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest.
head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest
mesenchyme derived from head neural crest
Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei.
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm.
A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate.
The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm.
The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO].
Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo.
An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow.
Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix.
Epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules.
An anatomical structure that connects two structures.
Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue.
A bone that is part of a reproductive organ.
Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces.
Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels.
The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae.
An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc).
A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region.
A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region.
A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons.
A bone that is part of a craniocervical region.
A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region.
Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions.
A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified].
A brain that develops_from a neural tube.
System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain.
The axilla is the area directly under the joint where the forelimb connects to the shoulder.
An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane.
An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane.
A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch.
Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut.
An endoderm that is part of a anal region.
Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component.
mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch
A neural plate that develops_from a future forebrain.
A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon.
The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures.
An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca.
Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face.
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1.
The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells.
associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region
entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme
entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme
An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior.
An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells.
Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis.
A nuclear complex which in mammals consists of four parts, the hypothalamus, epithalamus, ventral thalamus, and dorsal thalamus[WP,modified].
The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye.
Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme.
1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest
Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest.
mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest
Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme.
mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch
pharyngeal arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest
branchial arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest
An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure.
Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures.
An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest.
An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest.
structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region.
Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme.
mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest
Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme.
mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme.
1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme.
mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch
1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme.
branchial arch mesenchyme from neural crest
pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest
Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme.
branchial arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme
Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified].
The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens.
An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its associated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc).
Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle.
pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin
pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin
The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle.
A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle).
A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin.
bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints.
A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region.
Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis.
Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints.
Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints.
Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones.
The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton.
A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system.
central nervous system cell part cluster
Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.
A portion of gray matter that is part of a telencephalon.
predominantly gray regional part of telencephalon
A blood vasculature that is part of a head.
A lymph vasculature that is part of a head.
Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995).
A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions.
An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium.
A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column.
subdivision of organism along main body axis
A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus.
Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system.
Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium.
Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium.
typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus)
Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets.
Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue.
The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity.
Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris.
A substance that is consumed by the organism for food.
A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region.
An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified].
Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition].
One of five swellings formed during the development of the face.
A bone element that is part of a jaw region.
The opening of the cloacal chamber to the outside of the organism. Birds maintain a single cloacal opening throughout their lives.
The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle.
skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle
A mucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition].
Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull.
An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified].
A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages.
The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs.
Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system.
An organ component layer that is part of a integumental system.
Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements.
Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon.
Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition].
Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum.
A unilaminar epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a anal region.
A neuromere that is part of the presumptive forebrain.
Any muscle organ that is part of a cloaca.
Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral complex. The pectoral complex comprises the pectoral girdle and the associated limb or fin.
A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature.
An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function.
Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian.
A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile.
A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system.
A zone of skin that is part of a axilla.
A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis.
muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue
stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae
smooth muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue
An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye.
An epithelium that is part of a foregut.
Primordium that develops into the central nervous system.
Primordium that develops into the nervous system.
The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism.
An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development.
A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure.
An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart.
Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region.
The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid.
A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology.
The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate.
An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part.
Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other.
A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin.
A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures.
organ region with floating fiat boundary
Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition].
The primordial mouth region of the developing head.
A sweet viscid material elaborated out of the nectar of flowers in the honey sac of various bees.
A bodily fluid consisting of the contents of the digestive tract expulsed through the anterior portion of the digestive tract.
An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles.
Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure.
vasculature of central nervous system plus retina
Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees.
A zone of skin that is part of the face.
An anatomical junction between two parts of the digestive tract.
Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument.
Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument.
Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument.
Anatomical projection that is composed of bone or cartilage tissue.
An anatomical junction between two parts of the intestine.
An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
A zone of skin that is above the clavicle zone in the pectoral girdle region.