format-version: 1.2
data-version: releases/2020-05-07
date: 23:01:2020 16:30
saved-by: midori
auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 2.3.1
default-namespace: fungal_anatomy_ontology
namespace-id-rule: * FAO:$sequence(7,0000001,9999999)$
remark: version: $Revision: 1.7 $
import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/fao/imports/ncbitaxon_import.owl
ontology: fao

[Term]
id: FAO:0000001
name: fungal structure
def: "An anatomical structure that forms all or part of a fungus." [FAO:mah]
synonym: "fungal structure ontology" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001494
relationship: only_in_taxon NCBITaxon:4751 ! Fungi

[Term]
id: FAO:0000002
name: composite structure
def: "A multicellular fungal structure composed of cells from more than one species." [FAO:curators, FAO:mah, SGD:clt]
synonym: "multispecific structure" RELATED []
is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure

[Term]
id: FAO:0000003
name: basidium
def: "A spore-producing structure found in a Basidiomycete; formed when the terminal cell of a dikaryotic hyphal branch inflates and undergoes karyogamy and meiosis." [FAO:curators, ISBN:0471940526]
is_a: FAO:0000052 ! sporangium
relationship: part_of FAO:0000012 ! basidiocarp

[Term]
id: FAO:0000004
name: ascocarp-bound ascus
def: "An ascus that is associated with an ascocarp." [FAO:curators]
is_a: FAO:0000014 ! ascus
relationship: part_of FAO:0000008 ! ascocarp

[Term]
id: FAO:0000005
name: obsolete
def: "The placeholder class 'obsolete' has been made obsolete, as this is not tracked with an explicit obsoletion flag in obo format." [FAO:curators]
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: FAO:0000006
name: stipe
def: "The stalk or stem that supports the cap of a mushroom. A stipe is usually composed of hyphae arrayed parallel to the long axis of the structure; in some species a stipe may be a single supporting hypha." [FAO:mah, ISBN:0471940526, SGD:clt]
synonym: "stem" RELATED []
is_a: FAO:0002004 ! multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism
relationship: part_of FAO:0000012 ! basidiocarp

[Term]
id: FAO:0000007
name: fruitbody
def: "Any specialized structure which bears or contains sexually or asexually derived spores." [FAO:curators, SGD:clt]
synonym: "fruiting body" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000487
is_a: FAO:0002004 ! multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism

[Term]
id: FAO:0000008
name: ascocarp
def: "A structure within, or at the surface of, which an ascus develops in Ascomycetes." [ISBN:0471940526]
xref: BTO:0002161
is_a: FAO:0000007 ! fruitbody

[Term]
id: FAO:0000009
name: pileus
def: "The structure on which spore-bearing tissue is carried in sexually-derived fruiting bodies." [ISBN:0471940526]
synonym: "cap" RELATED []
is_a: FAO:0002004 ! multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism
relationship: part_of FAO:0000012 ! basidiocarp

[Term]
id: FAO:0000010
name: sporophore
def: "A multicellular anatomical structure that functions in the production of spores, which are directly borne upon or within sporogenous cells that form part of the sporophore." [FAO:curators]
synonym: "fruit body" EXACT [FAO:doi]
synonym: "fruitbody" EXACT [FAO:doi]
synonym: "fruiting body" EXACT [FAO:doi]
synonym: "spore-bearing structure" EXACT [FAO:doi]
synonym: "spore-producing structure" EXACT [FAO:doi]
synonym: "sporocarp" EXACT [FAO:doi]
xref: GO:0075259
is_a: FAO:0002004 ! multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism

[Term]
id: FAO:0000011
name: mycelium
def: "A group or mass of discrete hyphae; the vegetative structure of many fungi." [ISBN:0471940526]
xref: BTO:0001436
is_a: FAO:0002004 ! multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism

[Term]
id: FAO:0000012
name: basidiocarp
alt_id: FAO:0001024
def: "A large fruiting body that is composed of masses of intertwined hyphal elements and produces basidia and basidiospores. The basidiocarp is characteristic of the majority of fungi of the subphylum Basidiomycotina, in which it is the site of karyogamy and meiosis. Mushrooms and toadstools are common examples." [BTO:0000114, ISBN:0471940526]
synonym: "mushroom" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000114
is_a: FAO:0000007 ! fruitbody

[Term]
id: FAO:0000013
name: ascospore in ascocarp-bound ascus
def: "An ascospore that is contained in an ascus associated with an ascocarp." [FAO:curators, FAO:mah]
is_a: FAO:0000020 ! ascospore
relationship: part_of FAO:0000004 ! ascocarp-bound ascus

[Term]
id: FAO:0000014
name: ascus
def: "A sac-like structure containing sexual spores formed by Ascomycotina; mature asci may have little or no cytoplasm or cytoplasmic contents, and no nucleus outside of the spores." [SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000052 ! sporangium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000015
name: free ascus
def: "An ascus that is not associated with an ascocarp, and is usually derived from a single cell." [FAO:curators]
is_a: FAO:0000014 ! ascus

[Term]
id: FAO:0000016
name: ascospore in free ascus
def: "An ascospore that is contained in a free ascus (i.e. not associated with an ascocarp)." [FAO:curators, FAO:mah]
is_a: FAO:0000020 ! ascospore
relationship: part_of FAO:0000015 ! free ascus

[Term]
id: FAO:0000017
name: sexual spore
def: "A spore formed following meiosis. In some species, prospores formed by meiosis may undergo one or more rounds of mitosis before they are fully mature." [SGD:clt]
synonym: "meiotically-derived spore" RELATED []
is_a: FAO:0000019 ! spore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000018
name: unicellular structure
def: "A fungal structure that comprises a single cell. An individual cell is composed of a plasma membrane, contents internal to the plasma membrane, and any external protective or encapsulating structure." [FAO:curators, FAO:mah, SGD:clt]
synonym: "cell" EXACT []
is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure

[Term]
id: FAO:0000019
name: spore
def: "A spore produced by a fungus. A spore is a differentiated form of an organism produced during or as a result of an asexual or sexual reproductive process; usually a cell with a thick cell wall that stores and protects one or more nuclei. Spores may be produced in response to, and are characteristically resistant to, adverse environmental conditions." [ISBN:0471940526]
is_a: FAO:0000018 ! unicellular structure

[Term]
id: FAO:0000020
name: ascospore
def: "A thick-walled spore that forms in an ascus. Clusters of four or eight spores are formed in a single ascus following sexual reproduction; found in Ascomycetes." [PMID:16339736, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000017 ! sexual spore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000021
name: basidiospore
def: "A thick-walled spore formed externally on extrusions of a basidium following sexual reproduction; found in Basidiomycetes." [ISBN:0471940526, ISBN:9781107079915, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000017 ! sexual spore
relationship: part_of FAO:0000003 ! basidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000022
name: teliospore
def: "A diploid spore with a thick, pigmented, sculpted cell wall, and extracellular peptidoglycan spikes that is formed during growth in a plant host by some Basidiomycete species, including pathogenic smut (Ustilaginales) and rust (Pucciniales) fungi." [FAO:mah, PMID:27888605, PMID:8898211, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000021 ! basidiospore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000023
name: asexual spore
def: "A spore formed following one or more rounds of mitosis, without meiosis." [PMID:2524423, PMID:9529886, SGD:clt]
synonym: "mitotically-derived spore" RELATED []
is_a: FAO:0000019 ! spore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000024
name: conidium
def: "An asexual, nonmotile spore formed by higher fungi. Conidia are usually made from the side or tip of specialized sporogenous cells and do not form by progressive cleavage of the cytoplasm." [PMID:2524423, PMID:9529886, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000025
name: mononucleate conidium
def: "A conidium that has only one nucleus." [SGD:clt]
synonym: "uninucleate conidium" EXACT [FAO:mah, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000024 ! conidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000026
name: urediniospore
def: "A thin-walled spore that is formed in a uredinium and is the primary dispersal mode for rust-causing Basidiomycete fungi." [FAO:mah, PMID:21642346, PMID:26731728, PMID:30206343, SGD:clt]
synonym: "urediospore" EXACT [FAO:mah]
synonym: "uredospore" EXACT [FAO:mah]
is_a: FAO:0000021 ! basidiospore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000027
name: conidium of conidiophore head
def: "A mononucleate spore formed on specialized cells or projections (sterigma) of a conidiophore head." [PMID:9529886, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000025 ! mononucleate conidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000028
name: microconidium
def: "The smaller of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi. An ovoid to pear-shaped asexual spore that contains very little cytoplasm and organelles, is mononucleate, and forms in vegetative hypae within a mycelium. Micronidia are extruded from the hyphal cell wall." [ISBN:0471940526, PMID:8357339, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000025 ! mononucleate conidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000029
name: mononucleate macroconidium
def: "A macroconidium that has only one nucleus." [SGD:clt]
synonym: "uninucleate macroconidium" EXACT [FAO:mah, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000025 ! mononucleate conidium
is_a: FAO:0000038 ! macroconidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000030
name: mononucleate blastoconidium
def: "A blastoconidium that has only one nucleus." [SGD:clt]
synonym: "uninucleate blastoconidium" EXACT [FAO:mah, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000029 ! mononucleate macroconidium
is_a: FAO:0000042 ! blastoconidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000031
name: mononucleate arthroconidium
def: "An arthroconidium that has only one nucleus." [SGD:clt]
synonym: "uninucleate arthroconidium" EXACT [FAO:mah, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000029 ! mononucleate macroconidium
is_a: FAO:0000041 ! arthroconidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000032
name: vegetative cell
def: "A single cell that is in the vegetative growth stage of an organism's life cycle, in which metabolism and growth predominate, and is not undergoing sexual processes." [FAO:mah, ISBN:0471940526, SGD:clt]
synonym: "yeast-form" RELATED []
is_a: FAO:0000018 ! unicellular structure

[Term]
id: FAO:0000033
name: multinucleate conidium
def: "A conidium that has more than one nucleus." [SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000024 ! conidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000034
name: lichen thallus
def: "A composite structure that forms the vegetative portion of a lichen; minimally composed of at least one fungal species (the mycobiont) and an alga or cyanobacterium (the photobiont)." [https://www.britishlichensociety.org.uk/about-lichens/what-is-a-lichen, https://www.livescience.com/55008-lichens.html, ISBN:0471940526, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000002 ! composite structure

[Term]
id: FAO:0000035
name: multinucleate macroconidium
def: "A macroconidium that has more than one nucleus." [SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000033 ! multinucleate conidium
is_a: FAO:0000038 ! macroconidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000036
name: multinucleate blastoconidium
def: "A blastoconidium that has more than one nucleus." [SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000035 ! multinucleate macroconidium
is_a: FAO:0000042 ! blastoconidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000037
name: multinucleate arthroconidium
def: "An arthroconidium that has more than one nucleus." [SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000035 ! multinucleate macroconidium
is_a: FAO:0000041 ! arthroconidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000038
name: macroconidium
def: "The larger of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi; usually round or oblong." [ISBN:0471940526, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000024 ! conidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000039
name: oospore
def: "An asexual spore formed by Oomycetes; formed upon fertilization of an oosphere." [ISBN:0851988857, SGD:clt]
is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000040
name: zygospore
def: "A thick-walled, sexual, resting spore that forms in a zygosporangium; typical of Zygomycetes." [ISBN:0471940526, ISBN:9781107079915, SGD:clt]
comment: Note that "zygospore" is sometimes used to refer to both the spore and the multi-layered cell wall that encloses the spore, the zygosporangium.
is_a: FAO:0000017 ! sexual spore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000041
name: arthroconidium
def: "A cylindrical spore formed by development and compartmentation of hyphae; the hyphae are often supporting blastoconidiophores." [PMID:2524423, SGD:clt]
synonym: "arthrospore" RELATED []
is_a: FAO:0000038 ! macroconidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000042
name: blastoconidium
def: "An oblong or round asexual reproductive spore formed specifically by budding." [CGD:doi, PMID:2524423, SGD:clt]
synonym: "blastospore" RELATED []
synonym: "reproductive blastospore" RELATED []
xref: GO:0034299
is_a: FAO:0000038 ! macroconidium

[Term]
id: FAO:0000043
name: conidiophore
def: "A specialized hypha, often aerial, that gives rise to asexual spores known as conidia." [AspGD:mcc, ISBN:0471522295, PMID:9529886]
is_a: FAO:0002004 ! multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism
relationship: develops_from FAO:0001001 ! hypha

[Term]
id: FAO:0000044
name: sterigma
def: "A small hyphal branch or structure which supports a sporangium, a conidium, or a basidiospore. In species with biseriate (two-layered) sterigmata such as A. nidulans, the first layer comprises primary sterigmata (metulae) and the second layer secondary sterigmata (phialides). Some species, e.g. A. fumigatus, A. oryzae, and others, have only phialides." [AspGD:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
synonym: "sterigmata (plural)" EXACT []
is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure
relationship: part_of FAO:0000043 ! conidiophore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000045
name: phialide
def: "A specialized cell that buds from a metula on a developing conidiophore. Multiple phialides may bud from each metula. The phialides in turn divide asymmetrically to give rise to chains of conidia." [AspGD:mcc, PMID:9529886]
synonym: "secondary sterigma" EXACT []
is_a: FAO:0000044 ! sterigma

[Term]
id: FAO:0000046
name: metula
def: "A specialized cell borne on a conidiophore that gives rise to phialides during the process of conidiation." [AspGD:mcc, PMID:9529886]
synonym: "metulae (plural)" EXACT []
synonym: "primary sterigma" EXACT []
is_a: FAO:0000044 ! sterigma

[Term]
id: FAO:0000047
name: cleistothecium
def: "A completely closed fruiting body formed by some fungi of the Ascomycota, containing asci." [AspGD:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
xref: BTO:0002159
is_a: FAO:0000008 ! ascocarp

[Term]
id: FAO:0000048
name: Hulle cell
def: "A specialized multinucleate cell that originates from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development. Hulle cells serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium." [AspGD:mcc, PMID:19210625]
comment: Note that "Hulle" is properly written with an umlaut on the "u".
is_a: FAO:0000018 ! unicellular structure
relationship: develops_from FAO:0001001 ! hypha

[Term]
id: FAO:0000049
name: conidiophore vesicle
def: "The swollen region at the apex of a conidiophore, bearing multiple metulae." [AspGD:mcc, PMID:9529886]
is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure
relationship: part_of FAO:0000043 ! conidiophore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000050
name: conidiophore stalk
def: "The elongated part of the conidiophore that extends, often aerially, from the growth substrate and supports the structures that bear conidia." [AspGD:mcc, PMID:9529886]
is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure
relationship: part_of FAO:0000043 ! conidiophore

[Term]
id: FAO:0000051
name: oidium
def: "An asexual spore that is produced on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate. Oidia are borne a few at a time, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus." [http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Terms/oidiu163.html]
xref: GO:0034297
is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore
relationship: part_of FAO:0001001 ! hypha
created_by: Maria
creation_date: 2011-06-10T12:03:49Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000052
name: sporangium
def: "A structure within which spores develop." [FAO:curators]
xref: GO:0043582
is_a: FAO:0000010 ! sporophore
created_by: Maria
creation_date: 2011-06-10T12:06:16Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000053
name: zygosporangium
def: "A thick-walled structure that arises from a zygote formed by the fusion or conjugation of two hyphal branches, produces spores, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes." [FAO:curators, ISBN:9781107079915]
xref: GO:0075271
is_a: FAO:0000052 ! sporangium
created_by: Maria
creation_date: 2011-06-10T12:14:19Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000054
name: aeciospore
def: "A dikaryotic spore, typically of a rust fungus, that is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host." [FAO:curators]
xref: GO:0075247
is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore
created_by: Maria
creation_date: 2011-06-10T12:18:12Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000055
name: aplanospore
def: "A nonmotile, asexual spore, usually a sporangiospore, common in the Phycomycetes." [answers.com:aplanospore, FAO:curators]
xref: GO:0075289
is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore
created_by: Maria
creation_date: 2011-06-10T12:21:58Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000056
name: aecium
def: "A cuplike structure of some rust fungi that contains chains of aeciospores." [FAO:curators]
xref: GO:0075267
is_a: FAO:0000010 ! sporophore
created_by: Maria
creation_date: 2011-06-10T02:45:15Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000057
name: telium
def: "A teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi. A sorus is a cluster of sporangia; the telium is a pustule-like sorus that forms on the tissue of a plant infected by a rust fungus and produces teliospores." [FAO:curators]
xref: GO:0075275
is_a: FAO:0000010 ! sporophore
created_by: Maria
creation_date: 2011-06-10T02:47:39Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000058
name: uredinium
def: "A reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus, in which urediniospores are produced." [FAO:curators]
synonym: "uredium" EXACT [FAO:mah]
xref: GO:0075279
is_a: FAO:0000010 ! sporophore
created_by: Maria
creation_date: 2011-06-10T02:49:08Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000059
name: conjugation tube
def: "A tubular structure that connects two individuals during conjugation, through which the transfer of genetic material can occur. The conjugation tube usually forms in response to pheromone." [CGD:doi, http://science.yourdictionary.com/conjugation-tube]
is_a: FAO:0001022 ! mating cell
created_by: mariacostanzo
creation_date: 2013-04-02T03:23:27Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000060
name: clamp cell
def: "A hyphal cell that forms a clamp connection, a structure that separates differing nuclei, which have been obtained through mating of hyphae of differing sexual types, into distinct hyphal segments that are separated by septa (cross walls)." [CGD:doi]
is_a: FAO:0000018 ! unicellular structure
relationship: part_of FAO:0001009 ! septate hypha
created_by: mariacostanzo
creation_date: 2013-04-02T03:28:00Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000061
name: fused clamp
def: "A structure produced in a dikaryotic hypha upon migration of the nuclei after mating of hyphae of differing sexual types.  The clamp fuses to compartmentalize a nucleus within the subapical cell.  Note: A hyphal cell that forms a clamp connection is called a \"clamp cell\"." [CGD:doi]
is_a: FAO:0001009 ! septate hypha
created_by: mariacostanzo
creation_date: 2013-04-02T03:29:16Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000062
name: unfused clamp
def: "A structure that separates the nuclei within monokaryotic hyphae into distinct hyphal segments. Monokaryotic hyphae are produced during unisexual reproduction or hyphal development of a diploid, in contrast to dikaryotic hyphae which are produced by mating of hyphae of differing sexual types." [CGD:doi]
is_a: FAO:0001009 ! septate hypha
created_by: mariacostanzo
creation_date: 2013-04-02T03:31:28Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000063
name: titan cell
def: "A large, highly polyploid cell that has altered capsule structure, a thickened cell wall, and increased resistance to nitrosative and oxidative stresses relative to yeast-form cells of the same species. Identified in Cryptococcus neoformans, in which the morphological transition to Tina cell form enables the fungus to evade the immune system of a mammalian host." [CGD:doi, PMID:21821718, PMID:29775474]
is_a: FAO:0000032 ! vegetative cell
created_by: mariacostanzo
creation_date: 2013-04-03T11:15:35Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000064
name: ballistospore
def: "A forcibly discharged asexual spore. With fungi, most types of basidiospores formed on basidia are discharged into the air from the tips of sterigmata." [CGD:doi]
synonym: "ballistoconidium" EXACT []
is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore
created_by: mariacostanzo
creation_date: 2013-04-03T11:18:18Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000065
name: dikaryon
def: "A binucleate cell observed in some fungi that forms when two compatible nuclei, each originating from one of the cells, pair off after plasmogamy and cohabit without karyogamy within a hyphal compartment. The nuclei divide synchronously and are passed in pairs to newer cells or hyphal tips, which are also binucleate." [CGD:doi, FAO:mah, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikaryon]
is_a: FAO:0002004 ! multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism
relationship: part_of FAO:0001001 ! hypha
created_by: mariacostanzo
creation_date: 2013-04-03T11:20:00Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000066
name: haustorium
def: "The appendage or portion of a commensal or parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip) that penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. Haustoria may arise from intercellular hyphae, appressoria, or external hyphae." [CGD:doi]
xref: BTO:0000515
is_a: FAO:0001011 ! hyphal tip
created_by: mariacostanzo
creation_date: 2013-04-03T11:21:38Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0000067
name: chlamydospore
def: "A large, thick-walled resting spore with condensed cytoplasm, formed within hyphae or at hyphal tips in several kinds of fungi." [CGD:doi, FAO:mah, PMID:16215181]
is_a: FAO:0000023 ! asexual spore
created_by: mariacostanzo
creation_date: 2013-04-03T11:41:14Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0001001
name: hypha
def: "A long, branching filamentous structure formed by a vegetatively growing fungus." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0002004 ! multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism

[Term]
id: FAO:0001002
name: pseudohypha
def: "A chain of cells, formed under specific growth conditions, in which yeast-form fungal cells become elongated, bud only at the cellular pole distal to the mother cell, and fail to separate after division. Pseudohyphae exhibit constrictions at the cell-cell junctions, in contrast to true hyphae which are of more uniform diameter." [FAO:mcc]
is_a: FAO:0002002 ! multicellular fungal structure

[Term]
id: FAO:0001003
name: hypha in mycelium
def: "A hypha that forms part of a mycelium." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001001 ! hypha
relationship: part_of FAO:0000011 ! mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001004
name: septate hypha in mycelium
def: "A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls, and that exists as part of a mycelium." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001003 ! hypha in mycelium
is_a: FAO:0001009 ! septate hypha

[Term]
id: FAO:0001005
name: rhizomorph
def: "A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with a central channel through which nutrients are conducted." [FAO:clt, ISBN:0632030771]
is_a: FAO:0000011 ! mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001006
name: mycelial cord
def: "A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with specialized channels through which nutrients are conducted." [FAO:clt, ISBN:0632030771]
xref: BTO:0000660
is_a: FAO:0000011 ! mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001007
name: stroma
def: "A compact hyphal mass, on or in which fruiting bodies are formed." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0000011 ! mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001008
name: sclerotium
def: "A mycelial resting body, resistant to adverse environmental conditions." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
xref: BTO:0001810
is_a: FAO:0000011 ! mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001009
name: septate hypha
def: "A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001001 ! hypha

[Term]
id: FAO:0001010
name: aseptate hypha
def: "A hypha whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls. Septa may be present in older portions of the hypha, or at the base of reproductive structures." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
synonym: "coenocytic hypha" RELATED []
xref: FAO:mcc
is_a: FAO:0001001 ! hypha

[Term]
id: FAO:0001011
name: hyphal tip
def: "The growing end of a hypha." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure
relationship: part_of FAO:0001001 ! hypha

[Term]
id: FAO:0001012
name: hyphal tip, hypha in mycelium
def: "The growing end of a hypha that is part of a mycelium." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001011 ! hyphal tip
relationship: part_of FAO:0001003 ! hypha in mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001013
name: hypha with dolipore septa, in mycelium
def: "A hypha that is divided by dolipore septa and is part of a mycelium. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001004 ! septate hypha in mycelium
is_a: FAO:0001018 ! hypha with dolipore septa

[Term]
id: FAO:0001014
name: aseptate hypha in mycelium
def: "A hypha that is part of a mycelium, and whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
synonym: "coenocytic hypha in mycelium" RELATED []
xref: FAO:mcc
is_a: FAO:0001003 ! hypha in mycelium
is_a: FAO:0001010 ! aseptate hypha

[Term]
id: FAO:0001015
name: hyphal tip, septate hypha in mycelium
def: "The growing end of an aseptate hypha that is part of a mycelium." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001012 ! hyphal tip, hypha in mycelium
is_a: FAO:0001016 ! hyphal tip, septate hypha
relationship: part_of FAO:0001004 ! septate hypha in mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001016
name: hyphal tip, septate hypha
def: "The growing end of an aseptate hypha that is part of a mycelium." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001011 ! hyphal tip
relationship: part_of FAO:0001009 ! septate hypha

[Term]
id: FAO:0001017
name: hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa in mycelium
def: "The growing end of a hypha that is divided internally by dolipore septa and is part of a mycelium." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001015 ! hyphal tip, septate hypha in mycelium
is_a: FAO:0001019 ! hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa
relationship: part_of FAO:0001013 ! hypha with dolipore septa, in mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001018
name: hypha with dolipore septa
def: "A hypha that is divided by dolipore septa. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001009 ! septate hypha

[Term]
id: FAO:0001019
name: hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa
def: "The growing end of a hypha that is divided by dolipore septa. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001016 ! hyphal tip, septate hypha
relationship: part_of FAO:0001018 ! hypha with dolipore septa

[Term]
id: FAO:0001020
name: hyphal tip, aseptate hypha in mycelium
def: "The growing end of a hypha that is part of a mycelium, and whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa." [FAO:mah, FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001012 ! hyphal tip, hypha in mycelium
is_a: FAO:0001021 ! hyphal tip, aseptate hypha
relationship: part_of FAO:0001014 ! aseptate hypha in mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001021
name: hyphal tip, aseptate hypha
def: "The growing end of a hypha that is not divided internally by septa, or cross-walls." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0471522295]
is_a: FAO:0001011 ! hyphal tip
relationship: part_of FAO:0001010 ! aseptate hypha

[Term]
id: FAO:0001022
name: mating cell
def: "A cell engaged in or about to engage in the process of mating; exhibits different morphology from a vegetative cell due to the action of mating pheromones." [FAO:mcc]
is_a: FAO:0000018 ! unicellular structure

[Term]
id: FAO:0001023
name: shmoo
def: "An elongated, asymmetric cell formed before mating, in response to mating pheromone, by Saccharomyces species and other fungi with similar life cycles. Named after the Al Capp cartoon character, whose shape it resembles." [FAO:mcc, ISBN:0879693568]
is_a: FAO:0001022 ! mating cell

[Term]
id: FAO:0001025
name: mycelial felt
def: "A mass of hyphae, usually in wood or bark; visible with the naked eye." [BTO:0000890]
xref: BTO:0000890
is_a: FAO:0000011 {source="BTO:0000890"} ! mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001026
name: obsolete mycobiont
def: "OBSOLETE. The fungal component of the lichen partnership, absorbing nutrients and providing structural support for the plant." [BTO:0000892]
comment: This term was made obsolete because it represents a class of organism, not a fungal structure.
is_obsolete: true

[Term]
id: FAO:0001027
name: mycorrhiza
def: "A composite structure formed by the symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with the roots of a seed plant." [BTO:0000893]
xref: BTO:0000893
is_a: FAO:0000002 ! composite structure

[Term]
id: FAO:0001028
name: sorocarp
def: "A fruiting body formed by some cellular slime moulds; has a stalk and a spore mass." [BTO:0001098]
xref: BTO:0001098
is_a: FAO:0000007 {source="BTO:0001098"} ! fruitbody

[Term]
id: FAO:0001029
name: pseudoplasmodium
def: "A multinucleate plasmodium-like body formed by aggregation of myxamoebae without fusion of their protoplasm." [BTO:0001139]
xref: BTO:0001139
is_a: FAO:0000001 {source="BTO:0001139"} ! fungal structure

[Term]
id: FAO:0001030
name: substrate mycelium
def: "An invasive mycelium that forms within a solid or semi-solid substrate such as wood, soil or agar." [FAO:doi]
xref: BTO:0001562
is_a: FAO:0002004 ! multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism

[Term]
id: FAO:0001031
name: aerial mycelium
def: "A mycelium that forms prior to sporulation and extends aerially, or perpendicular, to its substrate." [FAO:doi]
xref: BTO:0001562
is_a: FAO:0000011 {source="BTO:0001562"} ! mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001034
name: apothecium
def: "An open or expanded fruiting body that has asci contained on its exposed surface; found in lichens and actinomycetous fungi." [BTO:0002160]
xref: BTO:0002160
is_a: FAO:0000008 {source="BTO:0002160"} ! ascocarp

[Term]
id: FAO:0001035
name: gymnothecium
def: "An ascocarp that is composed of a loose network of mycelia through which ascospores filter and are released at maturity; its reproductive organs are in the form of naked asci. Found in fungi of the family Gymnoascaceae." [BTO:0002163]
xref: BTO:0002163
is_a: FAO:0000008 {source="BTO:0002163"} ! ascocarp

[Term]
id: FAO:0001036
name: perithecium
def: "A flask-shaped fruiting body that forms a pore for the escape of spores; found in some molds and ascomycetous fungi." [BTO:0002164]
xref: BTO:0002164
is_a: FAO:0000008 {source="BTO:0002164"} ! ascocarp
relationship: develops_from FAO:0002001 ! protoperithecium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001051
name: germ tube
def: "An outgrowth produced by germinating spores in certain species of spore-releasing fungi. The germ tube differentiates, grows, and undergoes mitosis to create somatic hyphae." [BTO:0004822]
xref: BTO:0004822
is_a: FAO:0000011 {source="BTO:0004822"} ! mycelium

[Term]
id: FAO:0001052
name: fungal primordium
def: "The nodule from which a mushroom develops. The primordium, less than two millimeters in diameter, resembles a pinhead, and is typically found on or near the surface of the substrate. It is formed within the mycelium, the mass of threadlike hyphae that make up the fungus. The primordium enlarges into a roundish structure of interwoven hyphae roughly resembling an egg, called a button." [BTO:0005533]
synonym: "primordium" RELATED [BTO:0005533]
xref: BTO:0005533
is_a: FAO:0000001 {source="BTO:0005533"} ! fungal structure

[Term]
id: FAO:0001053
name: microsclerotium
def: "A very small sclerotium." [BTO:0006116]
xref: BTO:0006116
is_a: FAO:0001008 {source="BTO:0006116"} ! sclerotium

[Term]
id: FAO:0002001
name: protoperithecium
def: "A spherical fungal structure that is formed in the sexual phase of ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora. A protoperithecium is formed by the enveloping of ascogonia cells by sterile hyphae, and develops into a perithecium." [DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00286-1_2, PMID:125266, PMID:20739093, PMID:25311923, PMID:4410944, PMID:6235211, PMID:6235212]
is_a: FAO:0000008 ! ascocarp
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2018-09-21T10:54:17Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0002002
name: multicellular fungal structure
def: "A fungal structure that comprises more than one cell." [FAO:mah]
is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2019-05-03T13:33:22Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0002003
name: multicellular fungal structure, unicellular organism
def: "A multicellular fungal structure composed of two or more cells of a single unicellular organism." [FAO:doi]
synonym: "multicellular structure, unicellular organism" EXACT [FAO:doi]
is_a: FAO:0002002 ! multicellular fungal structure
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2019-05-03T14:07:29Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0002004
name: multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism
def: "A multicellular fungal structure composed of two or more cells of a single multicellular organism." [FAO:doi]
synonym: "multicellular structure, multicellular organism" EXACT [FAO:doi]
is_a: FAO:0002002 ! multicellular fungal structure
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2019-05-03T14:10:13Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0002005
name: appressorium
def: "A modified hypha that forms a specialized structure used by a fungus to penetrate a target. The appressorium first presses against the substrate, usually with a flattened morphology, and then forms a penetration peg that enters the substrate via turgor pressure. Parasitic and mutualistic fungi use appressoria to enter host cells, and some saprotrophs can form appressoria to penetrate non-living substrates." [FAO:mah, PMID:15012214, PMID:15012548, PMID:22496661, PMID:26043436, PMID:31382649]
is_a: FAO:0001001 ! hypha
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2020-01-10T14:43:59Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0002006
name: monokaryotic fruitbody
def: "A spore-producing structure that is formed following same-sex (self) mating. These structures are produced by Cryptococcus species in a manner similar to sexual mating except that the resulting spores are isogenic with the parental strain." [FAO:doi]
synonym: "haploid fruit body" EXACT [FAO:doi]
synonym: "haploid fruitbody" EXACT [FAO:doi]
synonym: "haploid fruiting body" EXACT [FAO:doi]
synonym: "monokaryotic fruit body" EXACT [FAO:doi]
synonym: "monokaryotic fruiting body" EXACT [FAO:doi]
is_a: FAO:0000010 ! sporophore
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2020-01-23T14:04:34Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0002007
name: conidiophore foot cell
def: "A specialized cell with an enlarged cell wall that develops from a hyphal cell in a septate mycelium and swells at the aerial terminus to form a conidiophore vesicle. The aerial portion of the foot cell forms the conidiophore stalk." [FAO:doi]
is_a: FAO:0000018 ! unicellular structure
relationship: develops_from FAO:0000032 ! vegetative cell
relationship: part_of FAO:0001004 ! septate hypha in mycelium
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2020-01-23T15:25:29Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0002008
name: conidial anastomosis tube
def: "A short, thin, unbranched tubular structure that emerges from a conidium and grows towards, and then fuses with, a similar tube growing from another conidium or conidial germling." [FAO:doi, FAO:mah, PMID:16040203]
is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2020-01-23T15:57:41Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0002009
name: spherule
def: "A  large, round, thick-walled structure that contains endospores such as those produced by Coccidioides species within a host." [FAO:doi]
is_a: FAO:0000052 ! sporangium
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2020-01-23T16:18:39Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0002010
name: sexual structure
def: "A fungal structure that develops during mating and contributes to sexual reproduction." [FAO:doi, FAO:mah]
is_a: FAO:0000001 ! fungal structure
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2020-01-23T16:26:39Z

[Term]
id: FAO:0002011
name: mating filament
def: "A hypha that emerges from a yeast-form cell upon stimulation by the pheromone of a compatible mating partner. An example is observed in Cryptococcus species." [FAO:doi]
is_a: FAO:0001001 ! hypha
created_by: midori
creation_date: 2020-01-23T16:29:54Z

[Typedef]
id: develops_from
name: develops from
xref: RO:0002202
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: only_in_taxon
name: only in taxon
xref: RO:0002160

[Typedef]
id: part_of
name: part of
xref: BFO:0000050
is_transitive: true