imported from
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'centromere ; GO:0005698'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this.
The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.
Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'.
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope.
The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.
A membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome.
The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.
Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a cell. May include associated proteins.
Note that this term does not refer to vesicles, but instead to structures in which lipids do not necessarily form bilayers.
The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
A secretory organelle, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and is secreted these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.
A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.
The side of the plasma membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the cytoplasm.
The side of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.
ER to Golgi constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport vesicle membrane
Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.
The lipid bilayer of a virion that surrounds the protein capsid. May also contain glycoproteins.
See also the cellular component term 'outer membrane ; GO:0019867'.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, or to destinations within or outside the cell.
Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'secretory granule ; GO:0030141'.
constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle
A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance. Endocytic vesicles fuse with early endosomes to deliver the cargo for further sorting.
A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.
Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'transport vesicle ; GO:0030133'.
integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.
constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule.
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagocytic vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense granule.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet dense granule.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet alpha granule.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.
The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network.
Located in a membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
Note that proteins intrinsic to membranes cannot be removed without disrupting the membrane, e.g. by detergent.
intrinsic to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
Located in an organelle membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached group such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an organelle membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a microbody.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endosome.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an early endosome.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of a microbody.
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope.
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope.
The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen.
Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane or protein.
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by maturation of an early phagosome following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; during maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes.
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the trans-Golgi network.
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which the constituent parts function together.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an azurophil granule, a primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes that contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endolysosome. An endolysosome is a transient hybrid organelle formed by fusion of a late endosome with a lysosome.
Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner membrane and cell wall (Fungi).
The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
intracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle
The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
endoplasmic reticulum quality control compartment
A subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum in which proteins with improper or incorrect folding accumulate. Enzymes in this compartment direct proteins with major folding problems to translocation to the cytosol and degradation, and proteins with minor folding problems to the ER, to interact with chaperon proteins.
Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated.
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.
Any constituent part of a microbody, a cytoplasmic organelle, spherical or oval in shape, that is bounded by a single membrane and contains oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Any constituent part of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle.
cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle lumen
clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle
A clathrin-sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted GABA transport vesicle
clathrin sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle
clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted GABA transport vesicle membrane
clathrin sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane
An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.
clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle lumen
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted monoamine constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle lumen
clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle lumen
clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.
clathrin sculpted monoamine constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane
clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane
integral to lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side that faces the lumen.
The volume enclosed by the membrane of a phagocytic vesicle.
Ovally-shaped membranous stack located inside the photoreceptor outer segment, and containing densely packed molecules of the photoreceptor protein rhodopsin that traverse the lipid bilayer. Disc membranes are apparently derived from the plasma membrane in the region of the cilium that connects the photoreceptor outer segment to the inner segment.