Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV.
electron
Elektron
beta
beta(-)
beta-particle
e
e(-)
e-
negatron
electron
A pyridinium ion obtained by protonation of the ring nitrogen of pyridoxal.
4-formyl-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-1-ium
pyridoxal cation
pyridoxal(1+)
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium.
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolites
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7).
DNA duplicase inhibitor
DNA duplicase inhibitors
DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor
DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors
DNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
DNA nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
DNA polymerase I inhibitor
DNA polymerase I inhibitors
DNA polymerase II inhibitor
DNA polymerase II inhibitors
DNA polymerase III inhibitor
DNA polymerase III inhibitors
DNA polymerase alpha inhibitor
DNA polymerase alpha inhibitors
DNA polymerase beta inhibitor
DNA polymerase beta inhibitors
DNA polymerase gamma inhibitor
DNA polymerase gamma inhibitors
DNA polymerase inhibitor
DNA polymerase inhibitors
DNA replicase inhibitor
DNA replicase inhibitors
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase inhibitor
DNA-dependent DNA polymerase inhibitors
DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) inhibitor
DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) inhibitors
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitors
EC 2.7.7.7 inhibitor
EC 2.7.7.7 inhibitors
Klenow fragment inhibitor
Klenow fragment inhibitors
Taq DNA polymerase inhibitor
Taq DNA polymerase inhibitors
Taq Pol I inhibitor
Taq Pol I inhibitors
Tca DNA polymerase inhibitor
Tca DNA polymerase inhibitors
deoxynucleate polymerase inhibitor
deoxynucleate polymerase inhibitors
deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitor
deoxynucleoside-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) inhibitors
deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleate nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid duplicase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic duplicase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic duplicase inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic polymerase I inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic polymerase I inhibitors
deoxyribonucleic polymerase inhibitor
deoxyribonucleic polymerase inhibitors
duplicase inhibitor
duplicase inhibitors
sequenase inhibitor
sequenase inhibitors
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens.
dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives
A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of hyaluronic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
hyaluronan
hyaluronate polyanion
hyaluronate
A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.
1-phenylpropan-2-amine
1-phenylpropan-2-amine
Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.
VOC
VOCs
volatile organic compounds
volatile organic compound
A diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.
glycols
Glykol
glycol
An organic group derived from any 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid.
a 3-oxo-Delta4-steroid group
3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid group
A compound that, on administration, undergoes conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the active agent for which it is a pro-agent.
pro-agents
proagent
proagents
pro-agent
A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.
2-(acetyloxy)benzoate
acetylsalicylate
acetylsalicylate
An organic cation obtained by protonation of any secondary amino compound; major species at pH 7.3.
a secondary amine
secondary amine(1+)
secondary ammonium ion
An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.
metalloid
metalloids
metalloid atom
An organic cation obtained by protonation of the amino group of any tertiary amino compound.
a tertiary amine
tertiary amine(1+)
tertiary ammonium ions
tertiary ammonium ion
Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system
endocrine disrupting chemical
endocrine disrupting chemicals
endocrine disrupting compound
endocrine disrupting compounds
endocrine disruptors
endocrine-disrupting chemical
endocrine-disrupting chemicals
hormonally active agent
hormonally active agents
endocrine disruptor
A Bronsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water.
inorganic acids
mineral acid
mineral acids
inorganic acid
An apoprotein is a protein devoid of its characteristic prosthetic group or metal.
apoprotein
apoproteins
apoprotein
Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).
gas molecular entities
gaseous molecular entities
gaseous molecular entity
gas molecular entity
carbamate
Carbamat
Karbamat
carbamate ion
carbamic acid, ion(1-)
carbamate
An alpha-oxyketone that has a hydroxy group as the alpha-oxy moiety.
alpha-hydroxy ketones
alpha-hydroxy-ketone
alpha-hydroxy-ketones
alpha-hydroxyketone
alpha-hydroxyketones
alpha-hydroxy ketone
A carboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any retinoid carboxy group.
retinoate
retinoates
retinoid anions
retinoid carboxylate anion
retinoid carboxylate anions
retinoid carboxylic acid anion
retinoid carboxylic acid anions
retinoid anion
An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a -CH2 (methylene) group.
primary alpha-hydroxy ketones
primary alpha-hydroxy-ketone
primary alpha-hydroxy-ketones
primary alpha-hydroxyketone
primary alpha-hydroxyketones
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone
An alpha-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups.
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketones
tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketone
tertiary alpha-hydroxy-ketones
tertiary alpha-hydroxyketone
tertiary alpha-hydroxyketones
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
An acetate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the hydroxy group of any phenol.
a phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate derivative
phenyl acetate derivatives
phenyl acetates
An aluminosilicate mineral with approximate chemical composition H2Al2Si2O8.H2O. Rocks that are rich in kaolinite are known as kaolin or china clay.
kaolinite
An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.
Bolus alba
China clay
argilla
porcelain clay
white bole
kaolin
A primary ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the amino group of L-tyrosinal.
(2S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropan-2-aminium
(2S)-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropan-2-aminium
L-tyrosinal
L-tyrosinal(1+)
An antigenic epitope recognized by an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody designated 24G7. A substructure of bilirubin IXalpha, it is the region containing the oxo group at C-1, the methyl group at C-2, C-(4, 5, 6, 9), and N-21 and -22.
24G7 epitope
An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group
glutamate(1-)
hydrogen glutamate
2-ammoniopentanedioate
glutamate
glutamic acid monoanion
glutamate(1-)
a tetracycline
a tetracycline zwitterion
An organic anion that is the conjugate base of digoxin resulting from the deprotonation of furanone moiety; major species at pH 7.3.
12beta,14-dihydroxy-17beta-(5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-id-3-yl)-5beta,14beta-androstan-3beta-yl 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranoside
digoxin
digoxin anion
digoxin(1-)
Any agent that induces nausea and vomiting.
emetics
emetic
An amino acid zwitterion obtained from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of D-dopa. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.
(2R)-2-azaniumyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate
(2R)-2-ammonio-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate
D-dopa
D-dopa zwitterion
A molecular entity that can transfer an electron to another molecular entity.
electron donor
Elektronendonator
donneur d'electron
electron donor
3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoate
retinoate
retinoate
A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity.
Acceptor
A
Akzeptor
Hydrogen-acceptor
Oxidized donor
accepteur
acceptor
A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.
2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid
Acetylsalicylic acid
2-(ACETYLOXY)BENZOIC ACID
2-Acetoxybenzenecarboxylic acid
2-acetoxybenzoic acid
ASA
Acetylsalicylate
Acetylsalicylsaeure
Aspirin
Azetylsalizylsaeure
Easprin
O-acetylsalicylic acid
acide 2-(acetyloxy)benzoique
acide acetylsalicylique
acido acetilsalicilico
acidum acetylsalicylicum
o-acetoxybenzoic acid
o-carboxyphenyl acetate
salicylic acid acetate
acetylsalicylic acid
A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.
ACETIC ACID
Acetic acid
acetic acid
AcOH
CH3-COOH
CH3CO2H
E 260
E-260
E260
Essigsaeure
Ethanoic acid
Ethylic acid
HOAc
INS No. 260
MeCO2H
MeCOOH
Methanecarboxylic acid
acide acetique
ethoic acid
acetic acid
2-amino-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one
5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
2-Amino-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydoro-4(1H)-pteridinone
BH4
Tetrahydrobiopterin
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
WATER
Water
oxidane
water
BOUND WATER
H2O
HOH
Wasser
[OH2]
acqua
agua
aqua
dihydridooxygen
dihydrogen oxide
eau
hydrogen hydroxide
water
dioxygen
Disauerstoff
E 948
E-948
E948
O2
OXYGEN MOLECULE
Oxygen
[OO]
dioxygene
molecular oxygen
dioxygen
A triterpene consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (all-E)-configuration.
(6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene
Squalene
squalene
(all-E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene
Spinacene
Supraene
squalene
Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.
L-alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acids
L-2-Amino acid
L-Amino acid
L-alpha-amino acids
L-alpha-amino acid
A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
Primary alcohol
1-Alcohol
a primary alcohol
primary alcohols
primary alcohol
A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of formic acid. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.
formate
HCO2 anion
aminate
formiate
formic acid, ion(1-)
formylate
hydrogen carboxylate
methanoate
formate
An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease
(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
L-DOPA
L-Dopa
L-dopa
(-)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine
(-)-dopa
3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE
3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine
Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
Dopar
L-beta-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine
beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
levodopa
levodopum
L-dopa
A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.
Polypeptide
polypeptides
Polypeptid
polipeptido
polypeptide
An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins.
5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid
BIOTIN
(+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valeric acid
(3aS,4S,6aR)-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-valeric acid
5-(2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid
Coenzyme R
D-(+)-biotin
D-Biotin
Vitamin H
biotin
biotina
biotine
biotinum
cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valeric acid
cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid
cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid
vitamin B7
biotin
An optically active form of glutamic acid having D-configuration.
(2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
D-Glutamic acid
D-glutamic acid
(R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
D-2-Aminoglutaric acid
D-Glutaminic acid
D-Glutaminsaeure
DGL
glutamic acid D-form
D-glutamic acid
An optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration.
(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
L-Glutamic acid
L-glutamic acid
(S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
(S)-glutamic acid
E
GLUTAMIC ACID
Glu
Glutamate
L-Glu
L-Glutaminic acid
L-Glutaminsaeure
acide glutamique
acido glutamico
acidum glutamicum
glutamic acid
L-glutamic acid
A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom.
halide ions
HX
Halide
a halide anion
halide anions
halide(1-)
halides
halogen anion
halide anion
An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
AMMONIA
Ammonia
ammonia
azane
Ammoniak
NH3
R-717
[NH3]
ammoniac
amoniaco
spirit of hartshorn
ammonia
A mucopolysaccharide composed of repeating beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-N-acetylgalactosaminyl units.
Chondroitin
Chondroitin-D-glucuronate
chondroitin D-glucuronate
The simplest member of the class of benzoates that is the conjugate base of benzoic acid, comprising a benzoic acid core with a proton missing to give a charge of -1.
benzoate
Benzenecarboxylate
Benzeneformate
Benzenemethanoate
Phenylcarboxylate
Phenylformate
benzoate anion
benzoic acid, ion(1-)
benzoate
A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid.
Sulfate
sulfate
tetraoxidosulfate(2-)
tetraoxosulfate(2-)
tetraoxosulfate(VI)
SO4(2-)
SULFATE ION
Sulfate anion(2-)
Sulfate dianion
Sulfate(2-)
Sulfuric acid ion(2-)
[SO4](2-)
sulphate
sulphate ion
sulfate
A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O).
UREA
Urea
urea
1728
Carbamide
E927b
H2NC(O)NH2
Harnstoff
Karbamid
carbamide
carbonyldiamide
ur
uree
urea
hydridooxygenate(1-)
hydroxide
oxidanide
HO-
HYDROXIDE ION
Hydroxide ion
OH(-)
OH-
hydroxide
A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a halogen atom.
haloacetic acid
A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.
Barbituric acid
pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
Barbitursaeure
Malonylharnstoff
Malonylurea
barbituric acid
A mucopolysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. It is found in the connective tissues of vertebrates. A principal constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it mediates the growth and metastasis of tumour cells.
Hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronsaeure
[beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-(1->3)-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]n
[beta-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyl(1,4)beta-D-glucuronosyl(1,3)]n
acide hyaluronique
acido hialuronico
hyaluronan
hyaluronic acid
A sphing-4-enine in which the double bond is trans.
(2S,3R,4E)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol
Sphingosine
(2S,3R)-(E)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxy-4-octadecene
(2S,3R,4E)-2-amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-ene-1-ol
(2S,3R,4E)-2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol
(2S,3R,E)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol
(4E)-sphing-4-enine
(4E)-sphingenine
(E)-2-amino-4-octadecan-1,3-diol
(E)-D-erythro-4-octadecene-1,3-diol
2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol
C18 sphingosine
D-(+)-erythro-1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-4-trans-octadecene
D-erythro-sphingosine
Sph
Sphing-4-enine
Sphingenine
Sphingoid
Sphingosine d18:1
sphingosin
trans-4-sphingenine
trans-D-erythro-2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol
sphingosine
A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food.
CARBON DIOXIDE
Carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
dioxidocarbon
methanedione
CO2
E 290
E-290
E290
R-744
[CO2]
carbonic anhydride
carbon dioxide
A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome.
Protein
a protein
polypeptide chain
protein polypeptide chains
protein polypeptide chain
Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
carbohydrate
carbohydrates
Kohlenhydrat
Kohlenhydrate
a carbohydrate
carbohidrato
carbohidratos
glucide
glucides
glucido
glucidos
hydrates de carbone
saccharide
saccharides
saccharidum
carbohydrate
Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.
Peptide
peptides
Peptid
peptido
peptidos
peptide
A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics.
6-Aminopenicillanic acid
6-amino-2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylic acid
(+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid
(2S,5R,6R)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
6-APA
6-Aminopenicillamine acid
6-Aminopenicillanate
6-Apa
6-Aps
6beta-aminopenicillanic acid
Aminopenicillanic acid
Penicin
Penin
Phenacyl 6-aminopenicillinate
6-aminopenicillanic acid
A hydroxymethylpyridine with hydroxymethyl groups at positions 4 and 5, a hydroxy group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, it is converted intoto pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid.
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol
pyridoxine
2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethyl-pyridin
2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine
2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)pyridine
2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethylpyridine
2-methyl-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine
2-methyl-4,5-dimethylol-pyridin-3-ol
3-hydroxy-2-picoline-4,5-dimethanol
3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine
3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-alpha-picoline
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol
5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol
Pyridoxol
piridossina
pyridoxina
pyridoxine
pyridoxinum
pyridoxolum
vitamin B6
pyridoxine
A six-carbon aromatic annulene in which each carbon atom donates one of its two 2p electrons into a delocalised pi system. A toxic, flammable liquid byproduct of coal distillation, it is used as an industrial solvent. Benzene is a carcinogen that also damages bone marrow and the central nervous system.
BENZENE
Benzene
benzene
Benzen
Benzine
Benzol
Bicarburet of hydrogen
Coal naphtha
Mineral naphtha
Phene
Pyrobenzol
Pyrobenzole
[6]annulene
benzole
cyclohexatriene
phenyl hydride
benzene
D-alpha-amino acid
D-alpha-amino acids
D-Amino acid
D-alpha-amino acids
D-alpha-amino acid
Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001.
glycans
glycan
A 21-hydroxy steroid that consists of pregn-4-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 21 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. Corticosterone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.
11beta,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
CORTICOSTERONE
Corticosterone
corticosterone
(11beta)-11,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
11beta,21-Dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
11beta,21-dihydroxyprogesterone
17-deoxycortisol
Kendall's compound B
Reichstein's substance H
corticosterone
An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol.
FORMALDEHYDE
Formaldehyde
formaldehyde
FORMALIN
Formaldehyd
Formalin
Methanal
Methylene oxide
Oxomethane
Oxomethylene
formaldehyde
A glycosylsphingoid consisting of sphingosine having a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at the 1-position.
(2S,3R,4E)-2-amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl beta-D-galactopyranoside
Psychosine
(2S,3R,4E)-2-amino-1-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-ene
1-O-beta-D-galactopyranosylsphingosine
1-O-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
1-beta-D-galactosphingosine
1-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
Galactosylsphingosine
O-Galactosylsphingosine
O-galactosylsphingosine
beta-psychosine
sphingosine galactoside
psychosine
A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves.
2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Salicylic acid
2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
2-carboxyphenol
o-Hydroxybenzoic acid
o-carboxyphenol
o-hydroxybenzoic acid
salicylic acid
A member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin.
3,18-diethenyl-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid
bilirubin
1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinylbiline-8,12-dipropionic acid
2,17-diethenyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-3,7,13,18-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid
2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoic acid
8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbiladiene-ac-1,19(21H,24H)-dione
Bilirubin
bilirubin(Z,Z)
bilirubin-IXalpha
bilirubin IXalpha
13-cis-retinoate
(2Z,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoate
13-cis-retinoate
The D-enantiomer of phenylalanine.
(2R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid
D-PHENYLALANINE
D-Phenylalanine
D-phenylalanine
D-Phe
D-alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid
DPN
phenylalanine D-form
D-phenylalanine
D-Ribitol in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl moiety. It is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables, but the richest natural source is yeast. The free form occurs only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide.
1-deoxy-1-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl)-D-ribitol
1-deoxy-1-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl)pentitol
5-deoxy-5-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl)-D-ribitol
6,7-dimethyl-9-D-ribitylisoalloxazine
7,8-dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione
7,8-dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)isoalloxazine
7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione
7,8-dimethyl-10-ribitylisoalloxazine
Aqua-Flave
Beflavin
Beflavine
Bisulase
Dermadram
E101
Fiboflavin
Flavaxin
Flavin Bb
Flaxain
Hyflavin
Vitamin B2
lactoflavin
riboflavin
riboflavin (vit B2)
riboflavina
riboflavine
riboflavinum
vitamin B2
vitamin G
vitasan B2
riboflavin
A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).
Ketone
ketones
Keton
R-CO-R'
a ketone
cetone
ketones
ketone
A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component.
Glycoprotein
glycoproteins
Glykoprotein
Glykoproteine
a glycoprotein
glicoproteina
glicoproteinas
glycoproteine
glycoproteines
glycoprotein
hydrogen(trioxidosulfate)(1-)
hydrogensulfite(1-)
hydrogentrioxosulfate(1-)
hydrogentrioxosulfate(IV)
hydroxidodioxidosulfate(1-)
monohydrogentrioxosulfate
Bisulfite
HSO3(-)
HSO3-
Hydrogen sulfite
[SO2(OH)](-)
bisulfite
bisulphite
hydrogen sulfite(1-)
hydrosulfite anion
hydrogensulfite
A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.
CARBON MONOXIDE
Carbon monoxide
carbon monooxide
carbon monoxide
carbon(II) oxide
C#O
CO
[CO]
carbon monoxide
The conjugate base of propionic acid; a key precursor in lipid biosynthesis.
propanoate
propionate
CH3-CH2-COO(-)
EtCO2 anion
carboxylatoethane
ethanecarboxylate
ethylformate
metacetonate
methylacetate
propanate
propanoate
propanoic acid, ion(1-)
pseudoacetate
propionate
The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.
(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid
L-Phenylalanine
L-phenylalanine
(S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid
(S)-alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid
3-phenyl-L-alanine
F
PHENYLALANINE
Phe
beta-phenyl-L-alanine
L-phenylalanine
Any substance that induces or promotes ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms.
ferroptosis inducers
ferroptosis inducer
A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine-4-carbaldehyde bearing methyl, hydroxy and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5 respectively. The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B6, it is converted into pyridoxal phosphate, a coenzyme for the synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid.
3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde
Pyridoxal
pyridoxal
3-HYDROXY-5-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-2-METHYLISONICOTINALDEHYDE
pyridoxaldehyde
pyridoxal
Any member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6.
Penicillin
penicillins
penicillins
penicillin
A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).
sulfite
trioxidosulfate(2-)
trioxosulfate(2-)
trioxosulfate(IV)
SO3
SO3(2-)
SULFITE ION
[SO3](2-)
sulphite
sulfite
A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.
Aldehyde
aldehyde
aldehydes
Aldehyd
RC(=O)H
RCHO
aldehido
aldehidos
aldehydes
aldehydum
an aldehyde
aldehyde
A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.
Cyanide
cyanide
nitridocarbonate(1-)
CN(-)
CN-
CYANIDE ION
Prussiate
Zyanid
cyanide
The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.
Hydrogencarbonate
hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-)
hydrogencarbonate
hydrogencarbonate(1-)
hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-)
hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV)
hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-)
Acid carbonate
BICARBONATE ION
Bicarbonate
HCO3(-)
HCO3-
[CO2(OH)](-)
hydrogen carbonate
hydrogencarbonate
The simplest member of the class toluenes consisting of a benzene core which bears a single methyl substituent.
TOLUENE
Toluene
toluene
Toluen
Toluol
methylbenzene
phenylmethane
toluene
An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.
4-AMINOPHENOL
4-Aminophenol
4-aminophenol
4-Aminobenzenol
4-Hydroxyaniline
p-Aminophenol
p-hydroxyaniline
4-aminophenol
Any compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan.
anti-aging agent
anti-aging agents
anti-aging drug
anti-aging drugs
geroprotective agent
geroprotective agents
geroprotectors
geroprotector
Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).
vitamin B2
vitamin B-2
vitamins B2
vitamins B2 vitamer
vitamins B2 vitamers
vitamin B2
Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.
vitamin B7
vitamin B-7
vitamin B7 vitamer
vitamin B7 vitamers
vitamins B7
vitamin B7
Any member of a group of cobalamin vitamers that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with low red blood cell count and anemia. The vitamers are found in foods such as cereals, meat, fish, and poultry. The vitamers include adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, aquacobalamin, nitritocobalamin and methylcobabalamin (also includes their ionized, salt and phosphate derivatives).
vitamin B12
vitamin B-12
vitamin B12 vitamer
vitamin B12 vitamers
vitamins B12
vitamin B12
vitamin B-6 phosphate anion
vitamin B-6 phosphate anions
vitamin B6 phosphate anions
vitamin B6 phosphate anion
A compound showing blue fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in acid or neutral solution.
7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
LUMICHROME
Lumichrome
lumichrome
7,8-Dimethylalloxazine
lumichrome
The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.
METHANOL
Methanol
methanol
CH3OH
MeOH
Methyl alcohol
Methylalkohol
carbinol
spirit of wood
wood alcohol
wood naphtha
wood spirit
methanol
A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom).
RX
organic halide
organic halides
organohalogen compounds
organohalogen compound
A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
Hydrogen chloride
chlorane
chloridohydrogen
hydrogen chloride
Chlorwasserstoff
HCl
Hydrochloride
Hydrogenchlorid
Wasserstoffchlorid
[HCl]
chlorure d'hydrogene
cloruro de hidrogeno
hydrochloric acid
hydrogen chloride
A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity.
Donor
Donator
donneur
donor
An optically active form of tyrosine having L-configuration.
L-Tyrosine
L-tyrosine
(-)-alpha-amino-p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
(S)-(-)-Tyrosine
(S)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid
(S)-3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine
(S)-Tyrosine
(S)-alpha-amino-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid
4-hydroxy-L-phenylalanine
L-Tyrosin
TYROSINE
Tyr
Tyrosine
Y
L-tyrosine
A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.
Chloride
chloride
chloride(1-)
CHLORIDE ION
Chloride ion
Chloride(1-)
Chlorine anion
Cl(-)
Cl-
chloride
An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms.
dinitrogen
N#N
N2
Nitrogen
molecular nitrogen
dinitrogen
An azacycloalkane that is cyclohexane in which one of the carbons is replaced by a nitrogen. It is a metabolite of cadaverine, a polyamine found in the human intestine.
Piperidine
piperidine
Azacyclohexane
Hexahydropyridine
Piperidin
azinane
cyclopentimine
cypentil
hexazane
pentamethyleneamine
pentamethyleneimine
pentamethylenimine
perhydropyridine
pip
piperidine
'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.
Lipid
lipids
lipid
Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.
Glycosaminoglycan
glycosaminoglycan
Glykosaminoglykan
glicosaminoglicano
glycosaminoglycane
glycosaminoglycans
glycosaminoglycan
hydrogen halide
hydrogen halides
HX
hydrogen halides
hydrogen halide
A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues.
Polysaccharide
polysaccharides
Glycan
Glycane
Glykan
Glykane
glycans
polisacarido
polisacaridos
polysaccharide
An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.
Tyrosine
tyrosine
2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid
2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine
Tyr
Tyrosin
Y
tirosina
tyrosine
An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.
2-aminopentanedioic acid
Glutamic acid
glutamic acid
2-Aminoglutaric acid
DL-Glutamic acid
DL-Glutaminic acid
E
Glu
Glutamate
Glutaminic acid
Glutaminsaeure
glutamic acid
An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.
iron
26Fe
Eisen
Fe
Iron
fer
ferrum
hierro
iron
iron atom
manganese
25Mn
Mangan
Manganese
Mn
manganese
manganeso
manganum
manganese atom
A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate.
phosphate
tetraoxidophosphate(3-)
tetraoxophosphate(3-)
tetraoxophosphate(V)
Orthophosphate
PHOSPHATE ION
PO4(3-)
Phosphate
[PO4](3-)
phosphate(3-)
The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.
(4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde
3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde 5-phosphate
PLP
PYRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE
Phosphoric acid mono-(4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl) ester
Pyridoxal 5-phosphate
Pyridoxal phosphate
codecarboxylase
pyridoxal 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)
pyridoxal 5-monophosphoric acid ester
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom
Hydrogen cyanide
hydridonitridocarbon
hydrogen cyanide
hydrogen(nitridocarbonate)
methanenitrile
Blausaeure
Cyanwasserstoff
HCN
[CHN]
formonitrile
hydrocyanic acid
hydrogen cyanide
Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3.
acetamides
An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids.
acyl group
alkanoyl
acyl groups
alkanoyl group
groupe acyle
acyl group
Any of a group of related and highly toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) whose main structural feature is a fused coumarin-bis(dihydrofuran) ring system and which are produced by strains of the moulds Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus, together with further metabolites of these mycotoxins
aflatoxins
aflatoxin
alkaline earth metals
Erdalkalimetall
Erdalkalimetalle
alkaline earth metal
alkaline-earth metal
alkaline-earth metals
metal alcalino-terreux
metal alcalinoterreo
metales alcalinoterreos
metaux alcalino-terreux
alkaline earth metal atom
alkali metals
Alkalimetall
Alkalimetalle
alkali metal
metal alcalin
metal alcalino
metales alcalinos
metaux alcalins
alkali metal atom
Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.
Alkaloid
alkaloids
Alkaloide
alcaloide
alcaloides
alkaloid
Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases.
alkylating agent
An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.
amino alcohols
aminoalcohol
aminoalcohols
amino alcohol
Any aldehyde which contains an amino group.
amino aldehyde
An amino alcohol having two hydroxy functional groups.
amino diol
amino diols
aminodiols
aminodiol
aminoglycans
aminoglycan
Any aromatic amine that is benzene carrying at least one amino substituent and its substituted derivatives.
anilines
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
Anion
anion
Anionen
aniones
anions
anion
A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
antioxidants
antioxydant
antoxidant
antioxidant
barbiturate anion
Members of the class of pyrimidones consisting of pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (barbituric acid) and its derivatives. Largest group of the synthetic sedative/hypnotics, sharing a characteristic six-membered ring structure.
barbiturates
barbituric acids
barbiturates
A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base).
Base
base
Base1
Base2
Basen
Nucleobase
bases
base
Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
benzenes
A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any benzoic acid.
benzoate anion
benzoates
Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group.
benzoic acids
benzyl
Bn
C6H5-CH2-
phenylalanine side-chain
phenylmethyl
benzyl group
A sodium salt of the conjugate of any bile acid with either glycine or taurine.
Bile acid
bile salts
bile salt
biopterins
cadmium
48Cd
Cd
Kadmium
cadmio
cadmium
cadmium atom
cadmium compounds
cadmium molecular entities
cadmium molecular entity
The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid.
carbamoyl
-C(O)NH2
-CONH2
aminocarbonyl
carbamyl
carbamyl group
carboxamide
carbamoyl group
carbon oxides
oxides of carbon
carbon oxide
An EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1). Such compounds reduce the secretion of H(+) ions by the proximal kidney tubule.
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitors
EC 4.2.1.1 inhibitor
EC 4.2.1.1 inhibitors
anhydrase inhibitor
anhydrase inhibitors
carbonate anhydrase inhibitor
carbonate anhydrase inhibitors
carbonate dehydratase inhibitor
carbonate dehydratase inhibitors
carbonate hydro-lyase (carbon-dioxide-forming) inhibitor
carbonate hydro-lyase (carbon-dioxide-forming) inhibitors
carbonate hydro-lyase inhibitor
carbonate hydro-lyase inhibitors
carbonic acid anhydrase inhibitor
carbonic acid anhydrase inhibitors
carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitor
carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors
carbonic anhydrase A inhibitor
carbonic anhydrase A inhibitors
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
carboxyanhydrase inhibitor
carboxyanhydrase inhibitors
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
carbonyl
carbonyl group
>C=O
carbonyl group
chloride salts
chlorides
chloride salt
chlorine
17Cl
Chlor
Cl
chlore
chlorine
chlorum
cloro
chlorine atom
A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine.
chlorine molecular entity
A haloacetate(1-) resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of chloroacetic acid.
chloroacetate
Chloroacetic acid ion(1-)
chloroacetate anion
chloroacetate(1-)
mono-chloroacetate
monochloroacetate anion
monochloroacetic acid anion
chloroacetate
Any organochlorine compound containing a benzene ring which is substituted by one or more chlorines.
chlorobenzenes
cobalamins
cobamides
A low-molecular-weight, non-protein organic compound participating in enzymatic reactions as dissociable acceptor or donor of chemical groups or electrons.
coenzyme
coenzymes
coenzyme
An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
cofactor
cofactors
cofactor
An alkaloid that is a carbotricyclic compound comprising 5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalene having four methoxy substituents at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 10-positions as well as an oxo group at the 9-position and an acetamido group at the 7-position. It has been isolated from the plants belonging to genus Colchicum.
N-(1,2,3,10-tetramethoxy-9-oxo-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl)acetamide
colchicine
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
molecular entity
entidad molecular
entidades moleculares
entite moleculaire
molecular entities
molekulare Entitaet
molecular entity
cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide
pseudohalogen oxoacid
cyclic amide
cyclic amides
cyclic amide
Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.
cyclohexanones
A compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. Aliphatic diols are also called glycols.
diols
diol
Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
diterpenoids
C20 isoprenoids
diterpenoides
diterpenoid
Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances.
drugs
medicine
drug
monoatomic anions
monoatomic anion
monoatomic cations
monoatomic cation
A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
enzyme inhibitor
enzyme inhibitors
inhibidor enzimatico
inhibidores enzimaticos
inhibiteur enzymatique
inhibiteurs enzymatiques
enzyme inhibitor
Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.
ethanediols
ethanediol
Compounds containing at least one furan ring.
oxacyclopenta-2,4-dienes
furans
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood.
glucocorticoids
glucocorticoid
An L-alpha-amino acid which is L-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class.
glutamine family amino acids
glutamine family amino acid
An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2).
EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitors
EC 6.3.1.2 inhibitor
EC 6.3.1.2 inhibitors
L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitor
L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming) inhibitors
L-glutamine synthetase inhibitor
L-glutamine synthetase inhibitors
glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) inhibitor
glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2) inhibitors
glutamate--ammonia ligase inhibitor
glutamate--ammonia ligase inhibitors
glutamine synthetase inhibitor
glutamine synthetase inhibitors
glutamylhydroxamic synthetase inhibitor
glutamylhydroxamic synthetase inhibitors
EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor
A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, RS-, RSe-, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively.
glycosides
O-glycoside
O-glycosides
glycosides
glycoside
A glycosphingolipid is a glycolipid that is a carbohydrate-containing derivative of a sphingoid or ceramide. It is understood that the carbohydrate residue is attached by a glycosidic linkage to O-1 of the sphingoid.
glycosphingolipids
glycosphingolipid
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
chemical entity
chemical entity
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
biological function
biological role
A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
group
Gruppe
Rest
groupe
grupo
grupos
group
halogen molecular entity
halogen compounds
halogen molecular entities
halogen molecular entity
halogen
halogens
Halogene
group 17 elements
group VII elements
halogene
halogenes
halogeno
halogenos
halogen
A substance used to destroy plant pests.
Herbizid
Unkrautbekaempfungsmittel
Unkrautvertilgungsmittel
Wildkrautbekaempfungsmittel
herbicides
herbicide
heterocyclic antibiotic
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.
organic heterocycle
organic heterocyclic compounds
organic heterocyclic compound
Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds.
endocrine
hormones
hormone
A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.
hydrocarbon
hydrocarbons
Kohlenwasserstoff
Kohlenwasserstoffe
hidrocarburo
hidrocarburos
hydrocarbure
hydrocarbon
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).
hydroxides
A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid bearing one or more hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.
hydroxy-amino acid
Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group.
hydroxy carboxylic acids
hydroxycarboxylic acid
hydroxycarboxylic acids
hydroxy carboxylic acid
Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.
hydroxybenzoates
hydroxybenzoate
Any benzoic acid carrying one or more phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring.
hydroxybenzoic acid
hydroxybenzoic acids
hydroxybenzoic acid
hydroxyphenylalanine
Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent.
hydroxypyridines
hydroxypyridine
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
oxoacid
oxoacids
oxacids
oxiacids
oxo acid
oxy-acids
oxyacids
oxoacid
inorganic anions
inorganic anion
A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
anorganische Verbindungen
inorganic compounds
inorganic entity
inorganic molecular entities
inorganics
inorganic molecular entity
inorganic oxides
inorganic oxide
anorganisches Salz
inorganic salts
inorganic salt
A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.
salt
Salz
Salze
ionic compound
ionic compounds
sal
sales
salts
sel
sels
salt
monoatomic ions
monoatomic ion
organic salts
organisches Salz
organic salt
A molecular entity having a net electric charge.
Ion
ion
Ionen
iones
ions
ion
iron molecular entity
iron compounds
iron molecular entities
iron molecular entity
Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives.
isoprenoid
isoprenoids
isoprenoids
isoprenoid
Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
lactam
lactams
Laktam
Laktame
lactams
lactam
Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
lactone
lactones
Lacton
Lakton
Laktone
lactona
lactonas
lactone
linear tetrapyrrole
manganese molecular entity
manganese compounds
manganese molecular entities
manganese molecular entity
mercury
80Hg
Hg
Quecksilber
azogue
hydrargyrum
liquid silver
mercure
mercurio
mercury
quicksilver
mercury atom
mercury compounds
mercury molecular entities
mercury molecular entity
Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
metabolite
metabolites
primary metabolites
secondary metabolites
metabolite
a metal cation
metal cations
metal cation
metalloporphyrins
metaloporphyrins
metalloporphyrin
Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.
carboxylic acid methyl ester
carboxylic acid methyl esters
methyl ester
Any member of the class of pyridines that carries at least one methyl substituent.
methylpyridines
mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors
mitochondrial electron-transport chain inhibitor
mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
homoatomic molecule
homoatomic molecules
elemental molecule
Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
molecule
Molekuel
molecula
molecules
neutral molecular compounds
molecule
An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
monocarboxylic acids
monocarboxylic acid
A hydroxybenzoate carrying a single hydroxy substituent at unspecified position.
monohydroxybenzoates
monohydroxybenzoate
Any hydroxybenzoic acid having a single phenolic hydroxy substituent on the benzene ring.
monohydroxybenzoic acids
monohydroxybenzoic acid
monoatomic monocations
monovalent inorganic cations
monoatomic monocation
An agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution.
mutagene
mutagenes
mutagenic agent
mutageno
mutagenos
mutagens
mutagen
Poisonous substance produced by fungi.
fungal toxins
mycotoxins
mycotoxin
An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell.
neurotransmitters
neurotransmitter
Any glycosphingolipid containing unsubstituted glycosyl moieties.
neutral glycosphingolipids
neutral glycosphingolipid
nitrogen
7N
N
Stickstoff
azote
nitrogen
nitrogeno
nitrogen atom
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotics
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic
nonmetal
Nichtmetall
Nichtmetalle
no metal
no metales
non-metal
non-metaux
nonmetal
nonmetals
nonmetal atom
organic heteromonocyclic compounds
organic heteromonocyclic compound
Any organic ion with a net negative charge.
organic anions
organic anion
Any organic ion with a net positive charge.
organic cations
organic cation
An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.
ether
ethers
ethers
ether
organic ions
organic ion
An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom.
organic oxides
organic oxide
organic phosphate
organic phosphate ester
organic phosphate esters
organic phosphates
organophosphate ester
organophosphate esters
organic phosphate
Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group
organic sulfates
organic sulfate
An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound.
Aliphatic alcohol
aliphatic alcohols
an aliphatic alcohol
aliphatic alcohol
An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters.
organophosphorus compound
organophosphorus compounds
organophosphorus compound
An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.
oxide
oxides
oxide
oxygen
8O
O
Sauerstoff
oxigeno
oxygen
oxygene
oxygen atom
oxygen molecular entity
oxygen molecular entities
oxygen molecular entity
penicillanic acids
Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.
pesticide
Pestizid
Pestizide
pesticides
pesticide
An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of phenylalanine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing phenylalanine residues.
phenylalanine derivative
Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom.
phosphates
phosphates
phosphate
A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.
Phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid
tetraoxophosphoric acid
trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate(3-)
trihydroxidooxidophosphorus
H3PO4
Orthophosphoric acid
Phosphate
Phosphorsaeure
Phosphorsaeureloesungen
[PO(OH)3]
acide phosphorique
acidum phosphoricum
orthophosphoric acid
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid derivative
phosphorus molecular entities
phosphorus molecular entity
piperidines
A chemical, natural or artificial, that can affect the rate of growth of a plant.
plant growth regulators
plant growth regulator
Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds.
polar amino acid
polar amino acids
polar amino-acid
polar amino-acids
polar amino acid
Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides.
polyketide
polyketides
polyketide
A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups.
polyols
polyol
Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure.
porphyrins
porphyrins
A tightly bound, specific nonpolypeptide unit in a protein determining and involved in its biological activity.
prosthetic group
groupe prosthetique
prosthetic groups
prosthetic group
pteridines
pterins
Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
pyridines
A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).
3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid
retinoic acid
Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.
retinoid
retinoids
retinoids
retinoid
Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.
salicylates
A glycoside that is a compound containing one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpenoid or steroid derivative. Found in particular abundance in plant species.
sapogenin glycoside
sapogenin glycosides
saponins
saponin
Any organic polycyclic compound that is the aglycon moiety of a saponin; sapogenins may be steroids or triterpenoids.
sapogenin
sapogenins
sapogenin
Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess.
saturated fatty acid
SFA
SFAs
saturated fatty acids
saturated fatty acid
An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid.
SCFA
SCFAs
short-chain fatty acids
short-chain fatty acid
silicon molecular entity
silicon compounds
silicon molecular entities
silicon molecular entity
sodium
11Na
Na
Natrium
natrium
sodio
sodium
sodium atom
An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion.
sodium chloride
Kochsalz
NaCl
Natriumchlorid
chlorure de sodium
cloruro sodico
common salt
halite
natrii chloridum
rock salt
salt
table salt
sodium chloride
sodium compounds
sodium molecular entities
sodium molecular entity
Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation.
Natriumsalz
Natriumsalze
sodium salts
sodium salt
A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.
sphingenines
sphingenine
Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone.
sphingolipids
sphingolipid
A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.
(2S,3R)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol
sphing-4-enine
4-sphingenine
sphing-4-enine
Any steroid that acts as hormone.
Steroidhormon
Steroidhormone
hormona esteroide
hormonas esteroideas
hormone steroide
hormones steroides
steroid hormones
steroid hormone
steroid lactones
steroid lactone
A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.
Amphetamine
amphetamine
rac-(2R)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
1-Phenylpropan-2-amin
1-phenyl-2-aminopropane
Amfetamine
Amphetamin
Benzedrine
alpha-methylbenzeneethaneamine
alpha-methylphenylethylamine
amfetamina
amfetamine
amfetaminum
amphetaminium
anfetamina
beta-Phenylisopropylamin
beta-aminopropylbenzene
beta-phenylisopropylamine
desoxynorephedrine
rac-amphetamine
amphetamine
An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid.
sulfate ester
sulfuric acid ester
sulfuric acid esters
sulfuric ester
Salts and esters of sulfuric acid
sulfates
sulfuric acid derivative
sulphates
sulfates
sulfur
16S
Elemental sulfur
S
Schwefel
azufre
soufre
sulfur
sulphur
theion
sulfur atom
sulfur molecular entity
sulfur molecular entities
sulfur molecular entity
A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.
Sulfuric acid
dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate
dihydroxidodioxidosulfur
hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-)
hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI)
sulfuric acid
tetraoxosulfuric acid
Acide sulfurique
Acido sulfurico
Acidum sulfuricum
H2SO4
Schwefelsaeureloesungen
[S(OH)2O2]
[SO2(OH)2]
sulphuric acid
sulfuric acid
Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group.
Terpenoid
terpenoids
terpenoide
terpenoides
terpenoid
A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.
tertiary alcohol
tertiary alcohols
tertiary alcohol
A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.
tetracyclines
A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
tetrapyrrole
tetrapyrroles
a tetrapyrrole
tetrapyrrole
Any member of the group of 1,3-thiazolium cations that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B1 deficiency in animals. Symptoms of vitamin B1 deficiency include constipation, loss of apetite, fatigue, nausea, delirium, blurry vision and muscle weakness. Severe vitamin B1 deficiency can also lead to a disease known as beriberi. Vitamin B1 consists of the vitamer thiamin and its acid, aldehyde and phosphorylated derivatives (and their corresponding ionized, salt and hydrate forms).
vitamin B1
thiamine
thiamines
thiamins
vitamin B1 vitamer
vitamin B1 vitamers
vitamins B1
vitamin B1
An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms.
heterotricyclic compounds
organic heterotricyclic compounds
organic heterotricyclic compound
Any member of the class of benzenes that is a substituted benzene in which the substituents include one (and only one) methyl group.
toluenes
Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant.
toxin
toxins
toxin
Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
micronutrients
trace elements
micronutrient
An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell.
transition element
Uebergangselement
Uebergangsmetalle
metal de transicion
metal de transition
metales de transicion
metaux de transition
transition element
transition elements
transition metal
transition metals
transition element atom
heterobicyclic compounds
organic heterobicyclic compounds
organic heterobicyclic compound
A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-tyrosine by a heteroatom.
L-tyrosine derivatives
L-tyrosine derivative
A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
univalent acyl group
univalent carboacyl groups
univalent carboxylic acyl groups
univalent carboacyl group
Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).
Vitamin B6
vitamin B-6
vitamin B6 vitamer
vitamin B6 vitamers
vitamina B6
vitamine B6
vitamins B6
vitamin B6
Any vitamin that dissolves in water and readily absorbed into tissues for immediate use. Unlike the fat-soluble vitamins, they are not stored in the body and need to be replenished regularly in the diet and will rarely accumulate to toxic levels since they are quickly excreted from the body via urine.
wasserloesliche Vitamine
water-soluble vitamin
water-soluble vitamins
water-soluble vitamin (role)
zinc
30Zn
Zink
Zn
Zn(II)
Zn2+
cinc
zinc
zincum
zinc atom
A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer).
zwitterion
zwitterions
compose zwitterionique
compuestos zwitterionicos
zwitteriones
zwitterionic compounds
zwitterion
silicon
14Si
Si
Silicon
Silizium
silicio
silicium
silicon
silicon atom
carbon
6C
C
Carbon
Kohlenstoff
carbon
carbone
carbonium
carbono
carbon atom
A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.
cobalt
27Co
Co
Cobalt
Kobalt
cobalt
cobalto
cobaltum
cobalt atom
Acetazolamide
N-(5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide
2-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide
5-ACETAMIDO-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLE-2-SULFONAMIDE
5-acetylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide
Defiltran
Diacarb
Diamox
Diluran
Glaupax
N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]acetamide
N-[5-(aminosulfonyl)-1,3,5-thiadiazol-2-yl]acetamide
acetazolamida
acetazolamide
acetazolamidum
acetazolamide
A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.
Chloroacetic acid
chloroacetic acid
2-chloro-acetic acid
2-chloro-ethanoic acid
2-chloroacetic acid
Acide chloracetique
Acide chloroacetique
Acide monochloracetique
CAA
Chloroethanoic acid
Monochloressigsaeure
alpha-chloro-acetic acid
chloracetic acid
monochloroacetic acid
monochloroethanoic acid
chloroacetic acid
A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.
(4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
TETRACYCLINE
Tetracycline
tetracycline
(4S,4aS,5aS,12aS)-4-(Dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide
Abramycin
Achromycin
Anhydrotetracycline
Deschlorobiomycin
Liquamycin
Tetracyclin
Tetrazyklin
Tsiklomitsin
tetracycline
tetracyclinum
tetracycline
An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring.
beta-Lactam antibiotics
beta-lactam antibiotics
beta-lactam antibiotic
A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.
(1R,2R,3S,5S)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)tropan-3-yl benzoate
COCAINE
Cocaine
methyl (1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
(-)-cocaine
2-methyl-3beta-hydroxy-1alphaH,5alphaH-tropane-2beta-carboxylate benzoate (ester)
Benzoylmethylecgonine
Cocain
Cocaina
Kokain
Neurocaine
[1R-(exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester
beta-Cocain
cocainum
l-Cocain
l-cocaine
methyl [1R-(exo,exo)]-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
methyl benzoylecgonine
cocaine
Cyanic acid
hydrogen nitridooxocarbonate
hydroxidonitridocarbon
nitridooxocarbonic acid
Cyansaeure
HOCN
Zyansaeure
[C(N)OH]
acide cyanique
acido cianico
acidum cyanicum
cyanic acid
An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.
2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid
Phenylalanine
phenylalanine
DL-Phenylalanine
F
PHE
Phenylalanin
alpha-Amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid
fenilalanina
phenylalanine
Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.
nickel
28Ni
Ni
Nickel
Raney alloy
niccolum
nickel
niquel
nickel atom
An optically active form of tyrosine having D-configuration.
D-TYROSINE
D-Tyrosine
D-tyrosine
(2R)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
(R)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid
(R)-3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine
D-Tyr
D-Tyrosin
DTY
D-tyrosine
A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised.
CARBAMIC ACID
Carbamic acid
carbamic acid
Aminoameisensaeure
Aminoformic acid
Carbamate
Carbamidsaeure
carbamic acid
phosphorus
15P
P
Phosphor
Phosphorus
fosforo
phosphore
phosphorus
phosphorus atom
A substituted aniline carrying a hydroxy substituent.
aminophenol
aminobenzenol
hydroxyaniline
aminophenol
The conjugate base of a fatty acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of the corresponding fatty acid.
Fatty acid anion
Alkanate
Fettsaeureanion
Fettsaeureanionen
a fatty acid
acido graso anionico
acidos grasos anionicos
anion de l'acide gras
fatty acid anions
fatty acid anion
An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia.
ammonium
azanium
Ammonium(1+)
NH4(+)
NH4+
[NH4](+)
ammonium cation
ammonium ion
ammonium
A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid.
dicarboxylic acid dianion
a dicarboxylate
dicarboxylate
dicarboxylates
dicarboxylic acid dianions
dicarboxylic acid dianion
Carbonic acid
carbonic acid
dihydroxidooxidocarbon
Dihydrogen carbonate
H2CO3
Koehlensaeure
[CO(OH)2]
carbonic acid
keratan
The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.
a carboxylate
carboxylic acid anions
carboxylic anions
carboxylic acid anion
A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium.
sodium cation
sodium(1+)
sodium(1+) ion
sodium(I) cation
Na(+)
Na+
SODIUM ION
sodium(1+)
cyanate
nitridooxidocarbonate(1-)
Cyanat
OCN(-)
Zyanat
[C(N)O](-)
cyanate ion
cyanate
A colourless, volatile, poisonous inorganic compound with the formula HNCO; the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly-found elements in organic chemistry and biology.
isocyanic acid
HN=C=O
HNCO
ICA
[C(NH)O]
carbimide
hydrogen isocyanate
isocyanate
isocyansaeure
isozyansaeure
methenamide
oxidoazanediidocarbon
isocyanic acid
hydridohydroxidodioxidosulfur
sulfonic acid
HSHO3
Sulfonsaeure
[SHO2(OH)]
acide sulfonique
sulphonic acid
sulfonic acid
amide
azanide
dihydridonitrate(1-)
NH2(-)
azanide
A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia.
azanediide
hydridonitrate(2-)
NH(2-)
imide
hydridonitrate(2-)
A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.
monocarboxylic acid amides
monocarboxylic acid amide
aquahydrogen(1+)
oxidanium
oxonium
trihydridooxygen(1+)
H3O(+)
Hydronium cation
Hydronium ion
[OH3](+)
oxonium
Conjugate base of barbituric acid.
2,4,6-trioxotetrahydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ide
barbiturate anion
barbiturate
dioxidenium
hydridodioxygen(1+)
HO2(+)
HOO(+)
[HO2](+)
hydridodioxygen(1+)
An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of L-glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group
L-glutamate(1-)
hydrogen L-glutamate
(2S)-2-ammoniopentanedioate
L-glutamate
L-glutamic acid monoanion
L-glutamic acid, ion(1-)
L-glutamate(1-)
An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of D-glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group
D-glutamate(1-)
hydrogen D-glutamate
(2R)-2-ammoniopentanedioate
D-glutamate
D-glutamic acid monoanion
D-glutamate(1-)
A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is the conjugate base of glutamate(1-).
2-aminopentanedioate
glutamate
glutamate(2-)
glutamic acid dianion
glutamate(2-)
An L-alpha-amino acid anion that is the dianion obtained by the deprotonation of the both the carboxy groups of L-glutamic acid.
(2S)-2-aminopentanedioate
L-glutamate
L-glutamate(2-)
L-glutamic acid dianion
L-glutamate(2-)
(2R)-2-aminopentanedioate
D-glutamate
D-glutamate(2-)
D-glutamic acid dianion
D-glutamate(2-)
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid.
acetate
ACETATE ION
Azetat
CH3-COO(-)
Ethanoat
MeCO2 anion
acetic acid, ion(1-)
ethanoate
acetate
diazynediium
HNNH(2+)
[HNNH](2+)
diazynediium
diazynium
HN2+
N#NH(+)
diazynium
helium
2He
He
Helium
helio
helium
helium atom
A cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide that is cobalamin with the oxidation state of the central cobalt atom unspecified.
COBALAMIN
Coalpha-[alpha-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)]-cobamide
cobalamin
cobalamin
A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.
heme
hemes
Haem
haem
haeme
hem
hemos
heme
tetrahydropteridines
tetrahydropterins
tetrahydropterin
Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.
beryllium
4Be
Be
Beryllium
berilio
beryllium
beryllium atom
A derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.
Flavin
flavins
flavin
A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.
silicon dioxide
silicon(IV) oxide
(SiO2)n
Kieselsaeureanhydrid
SiO2
Silica, amorphous
Siliziumdioxid
[SiO2]
silica
silicic anhydride
silicon dioxide
A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.
Ethylene glycol
ethane-1,2-diol
ethylene glycol
1,2-Dihydroxyethane
1,2-ETHANEDIOL
1,2-Ethanediol
2-Hydroxyethanol
Ethanediol
Glycol
HO-CH2-CH2-OH
Monoethylene glycol
ethylene glycol
A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.
BENZOIC ACID
Benzoic acid
benzoic acid
Aromatic carboxylic acid
Benzenecarboxylic acid
Benzeneformic acid
Benzenemethanoic acid
Benzoesaeure
Dracylic acid
E210
Phenylcarboxylic acid
Phenylformic acid
acide benzoique
benzoic acid
The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.
FORMIC ACID
Formic acid
formic acid
Acide formique
Ameisensaeure
H-COOH
HCO2H
HCOOH
Methanoic acid
aminic acid
bilorin
formylic acid
hydrogen carboxylic acid
methoic acid
formic acid
A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.
2-hydroxybenzoate
Salicylate
salicylate
2-hydroxybenzoic acid ion(1-)
o-hydroxybenzoate
sal
salicylate
A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.
Propionic acid
propanoic acid
propionic acid
CH3-CH2-COOH
PA
PROPANOIC ACID
Propanoic acid
Propionsaeure
acide propanoique
acide propionique
carboxyethane
ethanecarboxylic acid
ethylformic acid
metacetonic acid
methylacetic acid
propioic acid
propoic acid
pseudoacetic acid
propionic acid
A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.
Alcohol
alcohols
an alcohol
alcohol
(2S,5R,6R)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate
6-aminopenicillanate
A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.
4,4'-bipyridine
4,4'-bipyridyl
4,4'-bpy
4,4'-dipyridine
4,4'-dipyridyl
4,4-Bipyridin
4-(4-pyridyl)pyridine
gamma,gamma'-bipyridyl
gamma,gamma'-dipyridyl
4,4'-bipyridine
Talc
Talc
An optically active form of phenylalaninate having L-configuration.
L-phenylalaninate
(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate
L-phenylalanine anion
L-phenylalaninate
An optically active form of phenylalaninium having L-configuration.
L-phenylalaninium
(1S)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethanaminium
L-phenylalanine cation
L-phenylalaninium
The D-enantiomer of phenylalaninate.
D-phenylalaninate
(2R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate
D-phenylalanine anion
D-phenylalaninate
An optically active form of phenylalaninium having D-configuration.
D-phenylalaninium
(1R)-1-carboxy-2-phenylethanaminium
D-phenylalanine cation
D-phenylalaninium
An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of phenylalanine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.
phenylalaninate
2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate
phenylalanine anion
phenylalaninate
An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of phenylalanine, arising from protonation of the amino group.
phenylalaninium
1-carboxy-2-phenylethanaminium
phenylalanine cation
phenylalaninium
barium
56Ba
Ba
Barium
bario
barium
baryum
barium atom
An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.
tetracene
2,3-benzanthracene
benz[b]anthracene
naphthacene
tetracene
An optically active form of tyrosinate having L-configuration.
L-tyrosinate(1-)
hydrogen L-tyrosinate
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
L-tyrosine anion
L-tyrosine monoanion
L-tyrosinate(1-)
The L-enantiomer of tyrosinate(2-).
L-tyrosinate
L-tyrosinate(2-)
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-oxidophenyl)propanoate
L-tyrosine dianion
L-tyrosinate(2-)
An optically active form of tyrosinium having L-configuration.
L-tyrosinium
(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium
L-tyrosine cation
L-tyrosinium
An optically active form of tyrosinate(1-) having D-configuration.
D-tyrosinate(1-)
hydrogen D-tyrosinate
(2R)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
D-tyrosine monoanion
D-tyrosinate(1-)
The D-enantiomer of tyrosinate(2-).
D-tyrosinate
D-tyrosinate(2-)
(2R)-2-amino-3-(4-oxidophenyl)propanoate
D-tyrosine dianion
D-tyrosinate(2-)
An optically active form of tyrosinium having D-configuration.
D-tyrosinium
(1R)-1-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium
D-tyrosine cation
D-tyrosinium
An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of tyrosine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.
hydrogen tyrosinate
tyrosinate(1-)
2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
tyrosine anion
tyrosinate(1-)
tyrosinate
tyrosinate(2-)
2-amino-3-(4-oxidophenyl)propanoate
tyrosine dianion
tyrosinate(2-)
An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of tyrosine, arising from protonation of the amino group.
tyrosinium
1-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium
tyrosine cation
tyrosinium
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
Secondary amine
secondary amines
R2NH
sekundaeres Amin
secondary amine
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
Tertiary amine
tertiary amines
R3N
tertiaeres Amin
tertiary amine
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydrocarbyl group.
Primary amine
primary amines
Primary monoamine
R-NH2
RCH2NH2
primaeres Amin
primary amine
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
Amine
amines
Amin
Substituted amine
amine
An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
Amide
amides
amide
A biochemical role played by any micronutrient that is an organic compound. Vitamins are present in foods in small amounts and are essential to normal metabolism and biochemical functions, usually as coenzymes. The term "vitamines" (from vita + amines) was coined in 1912 by Casimir Funk, who believed that these compounds were amines.
vitamin
vitamina
vitaminas
vitamine
vitamines
vitamins
vitaminum
vitamin (role)
Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans.
application
A particle not known to have substructure.
elementary particle
elementary particles
fundamental particle
A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.
atomic entity
monoatomic entities
monoatomic entity
An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands).
coordination entities
coordination entity
coordination compounds
coordination entity
oxoacid derivatives
oxoacid derivative
inorganic hydrides
inorganic hydride
An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system.
organic fundamental parents
organic parent hydrides
organic fundamental parent
Any substituent group which does not contain carbon.
inorganic groups
inorganic group
Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon.
organic groups
organic group
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom.
organyl group
organyl groups
groupe organyle
grupo organilo
grupos organilo
organyl group
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
atom
atome
atomo
atoms
atomus
element
elements
atom
A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons.
nucleus
Atomkern
Kern
noyau
noyau atomique
nuclei
nucleo
nucleo atomico
nucleus atomi
atomic nucleus
Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron.
nucleon
Nukleon
Nukleonen
nucleons
nucleon
A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
primary amide
primary amides
primary amide
A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
homoatomic entity
homoatomic molecular entities
homoatomic molecular entity
elemental molecular entity
An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond.
organosulfur compound
organosulfur compounds
organosulfur compound
elemental oxygen
diatomic oxygen
diatomic nitrogen
elemental nitrogen
An anion consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic anions
polyatomic anion
chemical messenger
molecular messenger
A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.
Antibiotika
Antibiotikum
antibiotic
antibiotics
antibiotique
antimicrobial
antimicrobial agents
antimicrobials
microbicide
microbicides
antimicrobial agent
A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
antibacterial agents
antibacterials
bactericide
bactericides
antibacterial agent
A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
nutrients
nutrient
A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
heteroorganic entities
organoelement compounds
heteroorganic entity
An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
agrichemical
agrichemicals
agricultural chemicals
agrochemicals
agrochemical
A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants.
fertiliser
fertilizers
fertilizer
A physiological role played by any substance of either plant, animal or artificial origin which contains essential body nutrients that can be ingested by an organism to provide energy, promote growth, and maintain the processes of life.
food material
food materials
food role
foods
foodstuff
foodstuffs
food
An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy.
fuel
A substance administered to aid diagnosis of a disease.
diagnostic aid
diagnostic agent
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.
alkali metal molecular entities
alkali metal molecular entity
An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.
alkaline earth molecular entity
alkaline earth compounds
alkaline earth molecular entities
alkaline-earth compounds
alkaline earth molecular entity
Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
pnictogens
group 15 elements
group V elements
nitrogenoideos
nitrogenoides
pnictogene
pnictogenes
pnictogen
A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.
pnictogen molecular entity
pnictogen molecular entities
pnictogen molecular entity
Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.
chalcogen
chalcogens
Chalkogen
Chalkogene
anfigeno
anfigenos
calcogeno
calcogenos
chalcogene
chalcogenes
group 16 elements
group VI elements
chalcogen
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
chalcogen molecular entity
chalcogen compounds
chalcogen molecular entities
chalcogen molecular entity
group 14 elements
carbon group element
carbon group elements
carbonoides
cristallogene
cristallogenes
group IV elements
carbon group element atom
An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.
Carboxylic ester
carboxylic esters
a carboxylic ester
carboxylic acid esters
carboxylic ester
noble gas
noble gases
Edelgas
Edelgase
gas noble
gases nobles
gaz noble
gaz nobles
group 18 elements
group VIII elements
inert gases
noble gas
rare gases
noble gas atom
An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.
main group elements
Hauptgruppenelement
Hauptgruppenelemente
main group element
main group element atom
oxides of silicon
silicon oxides
silicon oxide
group 12 elements
zinc group element
zinc group elements
zinc group element atom
group 7 elements
manganese group element
manganese group elements
manganese group element atom
group 8 elements
iron group element
iron group elements
iron group element atom
group 9 elements
cobalt group element
cobalt group elements
cobalt group element atom
group 10 elements
nickel group element
nickel group elements
nickel group element atom
oxoacids of sulfur
sulfur oxoacids
sulfur oxoacid
A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
hydracid
hydracids
hydracid
pnictogen oxoacids
pnictogen oxoacid
sulfur oxoacid derivative
sulfur oxoacid derivatives
sulfur oxoacid derivative
monoatomic monoanions
monoatomic monoanion
elemental chlorine
atomic chlorine
monoatomic chlorine
monoatomic halogens
monoatomic halogen
elemental halogen
elemental halogens
elemental halogen
Arylmethyl groups and derivatives formed by substitution: ArCR2-.
benzylic group
benzylic groups
benzylic groups
groupe benzylique
benzylic group
A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons.
phosphorus oxoacid
Oxosaeure des Phosphors
oxoacids of phosphorus
phosphorus oxoacids
phosphorus oxoacid
pnictogen oxoanion
pnictogen oxoanions
pnictogen oxoanion
phosphorus oxoanion
oxoanions of phosphorus
phosphorus oxoanions
phosphorus oxoanion
elemental pnictogen
elemental pnictogens
elemental pnictogen
sulfur oxoanion
oxoanions of sulfur
sulfur oxoanions
sulfur oxoanion
chalcogen oxoacid
chalcogen oxoacids
chalcogen oxoacid
chalcogen oxoanion
chalcogen oxoanions
chalcogen oxoanion
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element.
transition element molecular entities
transition metal molecular entity
transition element molecular entity
alkali metal cations
alkali metal cation
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
elemental metal
elemental metals
metal element
metal elements
metals
metal atom
The sulfur oxoanion formed by deprotonation of sulfonic acid.
hydridotrioxidosulfate(1-)
SHO3(-)
[SHO3](-)
sulfonates
sulfonate
sulfonic acid derivative
derivatives of sulfonic acid
sulfonic acid derivatives
sulfonic acid derivative
An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any alpha-amino acid.
alpha-amino-acid anion
alpha-amino acid anions
alpha-amino-acid anions
alpha-amino-acid anion
s-block element
s-block elements
s-block element atom
Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.
p-block element
p-block elements
p-block element atom
d-block element
d-block elements
d-block element atom
Any member of class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar part acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol part may be absent.
Glycolipid
glycolipids
glycolipid
A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
carboxylic acid
carboxylic acids
Carbonsaeure
Carbonsaeuren
Karbonsaeure
RC(=O)OH
acide carboxylique
acides carboxyliques
acido carboxilico
acidos carboxilicos
carboxylic acid
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
main group compounds
main group molecular entities
main group molecular entity
carbon group molecular entity
carbon group molecular entities
carbon group molecular entity
A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas.
noble gas molecular entity
noble gas compounds
noble gas molecular entities
noble gas molecular entity
Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.
cyclic compounds
cyclic compound
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.
homocyclic compound
homocyclic compounds
isocyclic compounds
homocyclic compound
A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.
carbocyclic compound
carbocyclic compounds
carbocycle
carbocyclic compound
hydrogen compounds
hydrogen molecular entities
hydrogen molecular entity
polycyclic compounds
polycyclic compound
A molecule that features two fused rings.
bicyclic compounds
bicyclic compound
A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms.
ortho-fused polycyclic compounds
ortho-fused compounds
ortho-fused compound
Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds.
aliphatic compounds
aliphatic compound
An aliphatic compound having a carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.
alicyclic compounds
alicyclic compound
A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.
aromatic compounds
aromatic molecular entity
aromatics
aromatische Verbindungen
aromatic compound
Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
arene
arenes
aromatic hydrocarbons
arene
organic aromatic compounds
organic aromatic compound
monocyclic compounds
monocyclic compound
A mancude monocyclic hydrocarbon without side chains of the general formula CnHn (n is an even number) or CnHn+1 (n is an odd number). In systematic nomenclature an annulene with seven or more carbon atoms may be named [n]annulene, where n is the number of carbon atoms.
annulene
annulenes
annulene
cyclic hydrocarbon
cyclic hydrocarbons
cyclic hydrocarbon
monocyclic hydrocarbon
monocyclic hydrocarbons
monocyclic hydrocarbons
monocyclic hydrocarbon
polycyclic hydrocarbon
polycyclic hydrocarbons
polycyclic hydrocarbon
heteromonocyclic compound
heteromonocyclic compounds
heteromonocyclic compound
A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.
heteropolycyclic compounds
polyheterocyclic compounds
heteropolycyclic compound
A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.
heterobicyclic compounds
heterobicyclic compound
zinc group molecular entities
zinc group molecular entity
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
s-block molecular entity
s-block compounds
s-block molecular entities
s-block molecular entity
A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
p-block compounds
p-block molecular entities
p-block molecular entitiy
p-block molecular entity
A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element.
d-block molecular entity
d-block compounds
d-block molecular entities
d-block molecular entity
helium molecular entity
helium compounds
helium molecular entities
helium molecular entity
Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.
hydrides
oxygen hydride
hydrides of oxygen
oxygen hydrides
oxygen hydride
A macromolecule formed by a living organism.
biopolymer
Biopolymere
biomacromolecules
biopolymers
biomacromolecule
genetically encoded biomacromolecules
genetically encoded biopolymers
information biomacromolecules
information biopolymers
information macromolecule
information macromolecules
information biomacromolecule
canonical amino-acid residue
canonical amino-acid residues
common amino acid residues
proteinogenic amino-acid residues
standard amino acid residues
standard amino-acid residues
proteinogenic amino-acid residue
A cation consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic cations
polyatomic cation
amino-acid cation
amino acid cation
amino-acid cations
amino-acid cation
An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.
alpha-amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acids
alpha-amino acids
alpha-amino carboxylic acids
alpha-amino acid
When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue.
amino-acid residue
amino acid residue
amino-acid residues
amino-acid residue
A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.
Aminocarbonsaeure
Aminokarbonsaeure
Aminosaeure
amino acids
amino acid
alpha-amino-acid residues
alpha-amino-acid residue
alpha-amino-acid cation
alpha-amino acid cations
alpha-amino-acid cations
alpha-amino-acid cation
carbohydrate acid
carbohydrate acids
carbohydrate acid
carbohydrate acid anion
carbohydrate acid anions
carbohydrate acid anion
manganese group molecular entity
manganese group molecular entities
manganese group molecular entity
iron group molecular entity
iron group molecular entities
iron group molecular entity
nickel group molecular entity
nickel group molecular entities
nickel group molecular entity
nickel molecular entity
nickel compounds
nickel molecular entities
nickel molecular entity
cobalt group molecular entity
cobalt group molecular entities
cobalt group molecular entity
beryllium compounds
beryllium molecular entities
beryllium molecular entity
An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.
hydroxy compounds
organic alcohol
organic hydroxy compounds
organic hydroxy compound
Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.
organic cyclic compounds
organic cyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2).
heteroarenes
hetarenes
heteroarene
benzenoid aromatic compounds
benzenoid compound
benzenoid aromatic compound
Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion.
conjugated proteins
complex protein
conjugated protein
A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
macromolecule
macromolecules
polymer
polymer molecule
polymers
macromolecule
aromatic annulenes
aromatic annulene
A monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
monocyclic arenes
monocyclic arene
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
PAH
PAHs
polycyclic arenes
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
polycyclic arene
Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.
phenols
Aryl alcohol
a phenol
arenols
phenols
An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring.
Aromatic amino acid
aromatic amino acids
aromatic amino acid
Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.
aromatic carboxylic acids
aromatic carboxylic acid
An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system.
aromatic amines
aryl amine
aryl amines
arylamine
arylamines
aromatic amine
transition element coordination entities
transition metal coordination compounds
transition metal coordination entities
transition element coordination entity
cobalt molecular entity
cobalt compounds
cobalt molecular entities
cobalt molecular entity
cobalt coordination entity
cobalt coordination compounds
cobalt coordination entities
cobalt coordination entity
iron coordination entity
iron coordination compounds
iron coordination entities
iron coordination entity
A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
reagent
reactif
reactivo
reagents
reagent
cobalt corrinoids
cobalt-corrinoids
cobalt corrinoid
metal-tetrapyrrole
metal-tetrapyrrole complex
metallotetrapyrroles
metallotetrapyrrole
A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C- groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking alpha positions.
Corrinoid
corrinoid
corrinoids
Corrinoid protein
Corrinoid protein Co+
Korrinoid
corrinoide
corrinoides
corrinoid
Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals.
macronutrients
macronutrient
halide salts
halides
halide salt
An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.
1,1'-dimethyl-[4,4'-bipyridin]-1,1'-diium
Paraquat
1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium
1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridyldiylium
N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium
N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dication
dimethyl viologen
methyl viologen ion(2+)
paraquat dication
paraquat ion
paraquat
nitrogen hydrides
nitrogen hydride
Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.
azanes
azane
metalloprotein
metalloproteine
metalloproteins
metalloprotein
iron protein
iron proteins
iron-containing proteins
iron protein
Conjugated proteins containing heme as the prosthetic group.
hemoprotein
Haemoprotein
Haemprotein
haem protein
haemoprotein
heme protein
hemeproteins
hemoproteins
hemoprotein
hemoglobin
haemoglobin
vertebrate haemoglobin
hemoglobin
A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2].
terpene
terpenes
Terpen
terpenes
terpeno
terpenos
terpene
A C20 terpene.
diterpenes
Diterpen
diterpenes
diterpeno
diterpenos
diterpene
A C30 terpene.
triterpenes
Triterpen
triterpenes
triterpeno
triterpenos
triterpene
plant growth inhibitor
plant growth inhibitors
plant growth retardants
plant growth retardant
A substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization.
antimetabolite
antimetabolites
antimetabolite
A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.
inhibitor
inhibidor
inhibiteur
inhibitors
inhibitor
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction.
catalyst
Katalysator
catalizador
catalyseur
catalyst
A fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas which has formed over many years through the decomposition of deposited vegetation which was under extreme pressure of an overburden of earth.
fossil fuel
fossil fuel
The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.
amino acid zwitterion
amino acid zwitterion
A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc).
ammonium ion derivatives
azanium ion derivative
azanium ion derivatives
ammonium ion derivative
fused compounds
fused polycyclic compounds
fused-ring polycyclic compound
fused-ring polycyclic compounds
polycyclic fused-ring compounds
fused compound
A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.
carbopolycyclic compounds
carbopolycyclic compound
homopolycyclic compounds
homopolycyclic compound
ortho-fused polycyclic arenes
ortho-fused polycyclic arene
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.
acene
acenes
Acen
Azen
polyacenes
acene
Any drug that enhances the activity of the central nervous system.
central nervous system stimulant
CNS stimulant
analeptic
analeptic agent
analeptic drug
analeptics
central stimulant
central nervous system stimulant
Amines that constitute a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine.
amphetamine drug
amphetamines
Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene.
Steroid
steroids
a steroid
steroid
21-Hydroxysteroid
21-hydroxy steroids
21-hydroxysteroids
21-hydroxy steroid
Any 11-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has beta- configuration.
11beta-Hydroxysteroid
11beta-hydroxy steroids
11beta-hydroxysteroids
an 11beta-hydroxysteroid
11beta-hydroxy steroid
Hydroxysteroid
hydroxy steroids
hydroxysteroids
hydroxy steroid
Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
organonitrogen compounds
organonitrogens
organonitrogen compound
An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2.
sulfonamides
sulfonamides
sulfonamide
Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids.
Fatty acid
fatty acids
Fettsaeure
Fettsaeuren
acide gras
acides gras
acido graso
acidos grasos
fatty acids
fatty acid
An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.
oxoanion
oxoacid anions
oxoanions
oxoanion
ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon
ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbons
ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon
A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases.
anti-infective agents
anti-infective drugs
antiinfective agents
antiinfective drug
antiinfective agent
A substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.
antiparasitic drugs
antiparasitics
parasiticides
antiparasitic agent
A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system.
CNS agent
CNS drugs
central nervous system agents
central nervous system drug
A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function.
psychoactive agent
psychoactive drugs
psychopharmaceuticals
psychotropic drugs
psychotropic drug
A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.
anti-inflammatory drugs
antiinflammatory agent
antiinflammatory drug
antiinflammatory drugs
anti-inflammatory drug
An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins.
NSAID
NSAIDs
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
alkali metal salts
alkali metal salt
An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms.
analgesic
A drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors.
non-narcotic analgesic
A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system.
CNS depressants
central nervous system depressants
central nervous system depressant
A drug that prevents or reduces fever by lowering the body temperature from a raised state. An antipyretic will not affect the normal body temperature if one does not have fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override an interleukin-induced increase in temperature. The body will then work to lower the temperature and the result is a reduction in fever.
anti-pyretic
antipyretic
An agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function.
diuretics
diuretic
natural product fundamental parents
natural product fundamental parent
steroid fundamental parents
steroid fundamental parent
cholane
cholane
An agent that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
bronchodilator
bronchodilator agents
broncholytic agent
bronchodilator agent
A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters.
sympathomimetic
sympathomimetics
sympathomimetic agent
A compound or agent that combines with cyclooxygenases (EC 1.14.99.1) and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of icosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoate,hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
(PG)H synthase inhibitor
(PG)H synthase inhibitors
COX inhibitor
EC 1.14.99.1 (cyclooxygenase) inhibitor
EC 1.14.99.1 (cyclooxygenase) inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.1 inhibitor
EC 1.14.99.1 inhibitors
PG synthetase inhibitor
PG synthetase inhibitors
cyclooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.1) inhibitor
cyclooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.1) inhibitors
cyclooxygenase inhibitor
cyclooxygenase inhibitors
fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitor
fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitors
prostaglandin G/H synthase inhibitor
prostaglandin G/H synthase inhibitors
prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase inhibitor
prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase inhibitors
prostaglandin synthase inhibitor
prostaglandin synthase inhibitors
prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor
prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor
bipyridine
Bipyridin
bipyridyl
bipyridine
heterocyclic parent hydrides
heterocyclic fundamental parent
heterocyclic organic fundamental parents
organic heterocyclic fundamental parents
heterocyclic organic fundamental parent
A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume.
cardiovascular agent
cardiovascular drugs
cardiovascular drug
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parents
mancude-ring organic heteromonocyclic parents
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent
Any molecular entity that consists of a ring having (formally) the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds.
mancude-ring systems
mancude rings
mancunide-ring systems
mancude ring
mancude organic heterocyclic parents
mancude-ring organic heterocyclic parents
mancude organic heterocyclic parent
organic mancude parents
organic mancude-ring parents
organic mancude parent
A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n.
carbon oxoanion
carbon oxoanions
oxocarbon anion
oxocarbon anions
carbon oxoanion
carbon oxoacids
oxoacids of carbon
carbon oxoacid
A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
anticancer agent
anticancer agents
antineoplastic
antineoplastic agents
cytostatic
antineoplastic agent
Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.
aromatic ether
A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
vasodilator
vasodilator agents
vasodilator agent
A drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity.
Antiepileptika
Antiepileptikum
Antikonvulsiva
Antikonvulsivum
anti-convulsant
anti-convulsants
anti-convulsive agent
anti-convulsive agents
anticonvulsants
anticonvulsive agent
anticonvulsive agents
antiepileptic
antiepileptics
antiepileptique
antiepileptiques
anticonvulsant
A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.
beta-Lactam
a beta-lactam
beta-lactams
beta-lactam
Adrenergic uptake inhibitors are drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.
ARI
NERI
NRI
adrenergic reuptake inhibitor
adrenergic reuptake inhibitors
adrenergic uptake inhibitors
norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
adrenergic uptake inhibitor
Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.
Dicarboxylic acid
dicarboxylic acids
dicarboxylic acid
dicarboxylic acid anion
dicarboxylic acid anions
dicarboxylic acid anion
Any dicarboxylic acid anion that is a monoanion obtained by the deprotonation of only one of the carboxy groups of the dicarboxylic acid.
dicarboxylic acid monoanions
dicarboxylic acid monoanion
A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter.
Ester
esters
ester
A xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
Xenobiotic
xenobiotic
xenobiotics
xenobiotic compounds
xenobiotic
An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
immunosuppressant
immunosuppressive agents
inmunosupresor
immunosuppressive agent
An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce.
antifungal
antifungal agents
antifungal drug
antifungal drugs
antifungals
antifungal agent
glycosaminoglycan sulfate
glycosaminoglycan sulfates
sulfated glycosaminoglycans
sulfated glycosaminoglycan
carbohydrate sulfates
carbohydrate sulphates
carbohydrate sulfate
liposaccharides
liposaccharide
A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated.
Carboxylate
Monocarboxylate
a monocarboxylate
monocarboxylates
monocarboxylic acid anions
monocarboxylic acid anion
A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid.
Pi
phosphate
phosphate ions
phosphate ion
Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.
sphingoid
Spd
sphingoid base
sphingoid bases
sphingoids
sphingoid
keto steroids
ketosteroids
oxo steroids
oxosteroids
oxo steroid
Any antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections.
antiprotozoal agent
antiprotozoal agents
antiprotozoal drugs
antiprotozoal drug
A drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
anti-rheumatic drugs
antirheumatic agent
antirheumatic drugs
antirheumatic drug
A compound or agent that combines with lipoxygenase and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of the icosanoid products hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and various leukotrienes.
lipooxygenase inhibitor
lipoxygenase inhibitors
lipoxygenase inhibitor
Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent.
hydroxy acid
hydroxy monocarboxylic acids
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
pnictogen hydride
pnictogen hydrides
pnictogen hydride
A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
neurotransmitter agents
neurotransmitter agent
Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one structure, generally assumed to have the 5R configuration unless otherwise specified.
penams
penams
A drug used to treat or prevent microbial infections.
antimicrobial drugs
antimicrobial drug
A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
antibacterial drugs
antibacterial drug
Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids.
benzoate ester
benzoate esters
benzoic acid esters
benzoate ester
Any monocarboxylic acid anion carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anions
hydroxymonocarboxylic acid anion
hydroxymonocarboxylic acid anions
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion
bile acids and derivatives
cholanoids
cholanoid
A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome.
proteins
protein
inorganic chloride salt
inorganic chloride salts
inorganic chlorides
inorganic chloride
A cyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system.
alicyclic ketone
alicyclic ketones
alicyclic ketone
A salt of a bile acid.
bile acid salts
bile acid salt
macrocyclic tetrapyrroles
cyclic tetrapyrroles
macrocyclic tetrapyrrole
cyclic tetrapyrrole
Any member of a group of drugs that reversibly inhibit the propagation of signals along nerves. Wide variations in potency, stability, toxicity, water-solubility and duration of action determine the route used for administration, e.g. topical, intravenous, epidural or spinal block.
local anaesthetic
Lokalanaesthetikum
anesthesique local
local anaesthetics
local anesthetics
local anaesthetic
Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin).
leptons
lepton
Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy).
baryons
baryon
Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi.
fermion
fermions
fermion
A particle smaller than an atom.
subatomic particles
subatomic particle
A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles).
composite particles
composite particle
Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force.
hadrons
hadron
A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states.
nuclear particle
nuclear particle
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic entities
polyatomic entity
An ion consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic ions
polyatomic ion
phosphorus oxoacid derivative
phosphorus oxoacid derivative
phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives
saturated heterocyclic parent hydride
saturated heterocyclic parent hydrides
saturated organic heterocyclic parents
saturated organic heterocyclic parent
saturated heteromonocyclic parent hydride
saturated heteromonocyclic parent hydrides
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parents
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
glycosylsphingoid
Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.
carbonyl compounds
carbonyl compound
Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.
oxo compounds
organic oxo compounds
organic oxo compound
An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
organochlorine compound
an organochlorine molecule
chloroorganic compounds
chlororganische Verbindungen
organochloride
organochloride compound
organochloride compounds
organochlorides
organochlorine compounds
organochlorine compound
true
A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group.
chlorocarboxylic acids
chlorocarboxylic acid
heterotricyclic compound
heterotricyclic compounds
heterotricyclic compounds
heterotricyclic compound
Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex.
adrenal cortex hormones
corticosteroid hormones
corticosteroid hormone
Compounds based on a biladiene skeleton.
biladienes
Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved.
ring assemblies
ring assembly
ring assembly
pseudohalide ions
pseudohalide anions
pseudohalides
pseudohalogen anion
pseudohalogen ion
pseudohalide anion
polyatomic monoanions
polyatomic monoanion
monoanions
monoanion
11-hydroxy steroids
11-hydroxy steroid
hydrogen isocyanide
nitriliomethanide
CNH
HN(+)#C(-)
HNC
hydroisocyanic acid
hydrogen isocyanide
An oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 20.
20-oxo steroids
20-oxo steroid
chalcogen hydride
chalcogen hydrides
chalcogen hydride
argon molecular entity
argon compounds
argon molecular entities
argon molecular entity
inorganic ions
inorganic ion
inorganic cations
inorganic cation
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.
Cation
cation
Kation
Kationen
cationes
cations
cation
chalcocarbonic acid
chalcocarbonic acids
chalcocarbonic acids
chalcocarbonic acid
An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
organochalcogen compound
organochalcogen compounds
organochalcogen compound
An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.
organooxygen compound
organooxygen compounds
organooxygen compound
vitamin B-6 phosphates
vitamin B6 phosphates
vitamin B6 phosphate
amino-acid anion
amino acid anions
amino-acid anions
amino-acid anion
barium molecular entity
barium compounds
barium molecular entities
barium molecular entity
elemental barium
organic hydrides
organic hydride
mononuclear parent hydrides
mononuclear hydride
mononuclear hydrides
mononuclear parent hydride
elemental sodium
A 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione that is isoalloxazine substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8.
7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione
dimethylisoalloxazine
7,8-dimethylisoalloxazine
7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
alloxazine
benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
Alloxazin
alloxazine
benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
benzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione
isoalloxazine
tropane alkaloids
tropane alkaloid
Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid.
Mucopolysaccharide
mucopolysaccharides
Mucopolysaccharid
Mukopolysaccharid
mucopolisacarido
mucopolisacaridos
mucopolysaccharide
Any of a class of 10--60 kDa glycosaminoglycan sulfates, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues.
Chondroitin sulfate
Chondroitinsulfat
chondroitin polysulfate
chondroitin sulfates
chondroitin sulfuric acid
chondroitin sulphate
chondroitin sulfate
An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid).
Acid
acid
Saeure
Saeuren
acide
acido
acids
acid
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
chemical compound
heteroatomic molecular entities
heteroatomic molecular entity
Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements.
halides
halide
A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring.
1,4-Lactone
1,4-lactones
a 1,4-lactone
butyrolactones
gamma-Laktone
gamma-lactona
gamma-lactonas
gamma-lactones
gamma-lactone
An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.
carboxamides
carboxamides
primary carboxamide
carboxamide
phosphoric ester
A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.
2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylic acid
penicillanic acid
(2S,5R)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
penicillanic acid
sulfuric acid derivative
sulfuric acid derivatives
sulfuric acid derivative
A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid.
carboacyl groups
carboxylic acyl group
carboxylic acyl groups
carboacyl group
A plant growth regulator that modulates the formation of stems, leaves and flowers, as well as the development and ripening of fruit. The term includes endogenous and non-endogenous compounds (e.g. active compounds produced by bacteria on the leaf surface) as well as semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.
phytohormone
phytohormones
plant growth factor
plant growth factors
plant growth hormone
plant growth hormones
plant hormones
plant hormone
azacycloalkanes
azacycloalkane
Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter.
adrenergic agents
adrenergic drug
adrenergic drugs
adrenergic neuron agents
adrenergics
adrenergic agent
A carbopolyclic compound comprising of three carbocyclic rings.
carbotricyclic compounds
carbotricyclic compound
A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres.
anti-arrhythmia agent
antiarrhythmic agent
anti-arrhythmia drug
A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units.
PPys
poly(pyrrole)s
polypyrroles
polypyrrole
Any member of the class of cardenolides with glycosyl residues attached to position 3.
5alpha-cardenolide glycoside
5beta-cardenolide glycoside
cardenolide glycoside
thiadiazoles
Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.
heterocyclic organonitrogen compounds
organonitrogen heterocyclic compounds
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.
heterocyclic organooxygen compounds
organooxygen heterocyclic compounds
oxacycles
oxacycle
heterocyclic organosulfur compounds
organosulfur heterocyclic compounds
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
A drug that has a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output.
cardiotonic drugs
cardiotonic drug
organic heteropentacyclic compounds
organic heteropentacyclic compound
organic heteropolycyclic compounds
organic heteropolycyclic compound
monocyclic heteroarenes
monocyclic heteroarene
A hydroxypyridine carrying a single hydroxy substituent.
monohydroxypyridines
monohydroxypyridine
pyridinecarbaldehydes
pyridinecarbaldehyde
Any member of the class of pyridines carrying a hydroxymethyl substituent at unspecified position.
hydroxymethylpyridines
hydroxymethylpyridine
Any inhibitor of a DNA polymerase.
DNA polymerase inhibitor
azabicycloalkanes
azabicycloalkane
thiabicycloalkanes
thiabicycloalkane
Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure).
diazines
Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons.
cholinergic agent
cholinergic drugs
cholinomimetic
cholinergic drug
A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents.
pyrimidones
pyrimidone
A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.
aminopyrimidines
aminopyrimidine
1,3-thiazoles
1,3-thiazoles
electron-transport chain inhibitor
respiratory-chain inhibitor
An EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1).
CcO inhibitor
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.1 inhibitor
EC 1.9.3.1 inhibitors
NADH cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor
NADH cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors
Warburg's respiratory enzyme inhibitor
Warburg's respiratory enzyme inhibitors
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitor
complex IV (mitochondrial electron transport) inhibitors
cytochrome a3 inhibitor
cytochrome a3 inhibitors
cytochrome aa3 inhibitor
cytochrome aa3 inhibitors
cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitor
cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) inhibitors
cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor
cytochrome c oxidase inhibitors
cytochrome oxidase inhibitor
cytochrome oxidase inhibitors
cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitor
cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors
ferrocytochrome c oxidase inhibitor
ferrocytochrome c oxidase inhibitors
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitor
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase inhibitors
indophenol oxidase inhibitor
indophenol oxidase inhibitors
indophenolase inhibitor
indophenolase inhibitors
mitochondrial complex IV inhibitor
mitochondrial complex IV inhibitors
mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
simple proteins
simple protein
Any agent that affects the transport of molecular entities across a biological membrane.
membrane transport modulators
membrane transport modulator
An agent that inhibits sodium influx through cell membranes.
Na channel blocker
sodium channel blockers
sodium channel blocker
organic sodium salt
organic sodium salts
organic sodium salt
inorganic sodium salts
inorganic sodium salt
Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group.
carboxylic acid dianion
carboxylic acid dianions
carboxylic acid dianion
Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation.
anaesthetic
Anaesthetika
Anaesthetikum
anaesthetics
anesthetic agent
anesthetic drug
anesthetics
anaesthetic
Substance that produces loss of consciousness.
general anaesthetic
Allgemeinanaesthetika
Allgemeinanaesthetikum
general anaesthetics
general anesthetics
general anaesthetic
i.v.-Anaesthetika
i.v.-Anaesthetikum
intravenous anesthetics
intravenous anaesthetic
benzopteridines
benzopteridine
Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.
methylbenzenes
methylbenzene
A monocyclic arene that is benzene substituted with one or more alkyl groups.
alkylbenzene
Alkylbenzol
alkylbenzenes
alkylbenzene
sodium channel modulators
sodium channel modulator
Protein component on the surface of lipoprotein.
apolipoproteins
apolipoprotein
A complex in which one component (the host) forms a cavity or, in the case of a crystal, a crystal lattice containing spaces in the shape of long tunnels or channels in which molecular entities of a second chemical species (the guest) are located. There is no covalent bonding between guest and host, the attraction being generally due to van der Waals forces.
inclusion compound
compose d'inclusion
compuesto de inclusion
compuestos de inclusion
inclusion complex
inclusion compounds
inclusion compound
Inclusion compound in which the guest molecule is in a cage formed by the host molecule or by a lattice of host molecules.
clathrates
Clathrat
Clathratverbindung
Klathrat
Klathratverbindung
cage compound
clathrate
clathrate compounds
clatrato
clatratos
compuesto de clatrato
clathrate compound
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
Bronsted acid
Bronsted-Saeure
acide de Bronsted
donneur d'hydron
hydron donor
Bronsted acid
A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid).
Bronsted base
Bronsted-Base
accepteur d'hydron
base de Bronsted
hydron acceptor
Bronsted base
A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct.
Lewis base
Lewis-Base
base de Lewis
donneur d'une paire d'electrons
electron donor
Lewis base
Any chemical substance that inhibits the life-cycle of an organism.
growth regulators
growth regulator
Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure.
pyrimidines
thiadiazole
thiadiazole
1,3,4-thiadiazole
1,3,4-thiadiazole
A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated.
dihydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(1-)
dihydrogenphosphate
dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(1-)
dihydrogentetraoxophosphate(V)
dihydroxidodioxidophosphate(1-)
DIHYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION
H2PO4(-)
[PO2(OH)2](-)
dihydrogenphosphate
Cyclic ketone
cyclic ketones
cyclic ketone
carbonate
trioxidocarbonate(2-)
CARBONATE ION
CO3(2-)
Karbonat
[CO3](2-)
carbonate
FORMYL GROUP
aldehyde group
carbaldehyde
formyl
-CH(O)
-CHO
Fo
H-CO-
methanoyl
formyl group
A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has R configuration.
(2R)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
(R)-amphetamine
(-)-amphetamine
(-)-phenylisopropylamine
(R)-alpha-methylbenzeneethanamine
(R)-alpha-methylphenethylamine
levamfetamine
levamphetamine
(R)-amphetamine
HYDROXY GROUP
hydroxy
hydroxy group
-OH
hydroxyl
hydroxyl group
hydroxy group
A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate.
hydrogen(tetraoxidophosphate)(2-)
hydrogenphosphate
hydrogentetraoxophosphate(2-)
hydrogentetraoxophosphate(V)
hydroxidotrioxidophosphate(2-)
HPO4(2-)
HYDROGENPHOSPHATE ION
INORGANIC PHOSPHATE GROUP
[P(OH)O3](2-)
[PO3(OH)](2-)
hydrogen phosphate
phosphate
hydrogenphosphate
METHOTREXATE
Methotrexate
N-(4-{[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid
4-amino-10-methylfolic acid
4-amino-N(10)-methylpteroylglutamic acid
Emtexate
Ledertrexate
MTX
N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid
Rheumatrex
Trexall
methotrexate
methotrexatum
metotrexato
methotrexate
A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.
(2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
(S)-amphetamine
(+)-(S)-amphetamine
(+)-alpha-methylphenethylamine
(+)-alpha-methylphenylethylamine
(+)-amphetamine
(S)-(+)-amphetamine
(S)-(+)-beta-phenylisopropylamine
(S)-1-phenyl-2-aminopropane
(S)-1-phenyl-2-propylamine
(S)-alpha-methylbenzeneethanamine
(alphaS)-alpha-methylbenzeneethanamine
Dextroamphetamine
d-amphetamine
dexamphetamine
(S)-amphetamine
A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.
(3beta,5beta,12beta)-3-{[2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl]oxy}-12,14-dihydroxycard-20(22)-enolide
12beta-hydroxydigitoxin
digoxin
digoxin
hydrogen(tetraoxidosulfate)(1-)
hydrogensulfate
hydrogensulfate(1-)
hydrogentetraoxosulfate(1-)
hydrogentetraoxosulfate(VI)
hydroxidotrioxidosulfate(1-)
HSO4(-)
HYDROGEN SULFATE
[SO3(OH)](-)
hydrogensulfate
A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide
Paracetamol
4'-hydroxyacetanilide
4-(Acetylamino)phenol
4-acetamidophenol
APAP
Acenol
Acetaminofen
Acetaminophen
N-acetyl-p-aminophenol
Panadol
Tylenol
acetaminofen
acetaminophene
p-Acetylaminophenol
p-acetamidophenol
p-acetaminophenol
p-hydroxyacetanilide
p-hydroxyphenolacetamide
paracetamol
paracetamolum
paracetamol
An amino aldehyde that is L-tyrosine in which the carboxy group has undergone formal redution to give the corrresponding aldehyde
(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanal
(2S)-2-amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propanal
L-tyr aldehyde
TYROSINAL
L-tyrosinal
OXO GROUP
oxo
=O
oxo group
Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements.
asbestos
Asbest
asbesto
asbestos
In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').
mineral
Minerale
minerales
minerals
mineraux
mineral
Silikat
Silikate
Silikatminerale
silicate minerals
silicates
silicato
silicatos
silicate mineral
phosphate minerals
phosphate mineral
oxide minerals
oxide mineral
A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition.
Loesungsmittel
solvant
solvents
solvent
CARBOXY GROUP
carboxy
-C(O)OH
-CO2H
-COOH
carboxyl group
carboxy group
An aminodiol composed of any octadecene having hydroxy functional groups at positions 1 and 3 and an amino substituent at position 2.
2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol
2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diols
2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol
A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.
2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol
2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diols
2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol
A 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol having (2R,3S)-configuration.
(2R,3S)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol
(2R,3S)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol
A (2R,3S)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol in which the double bond has E geochemistry.
(2R,3S,4E)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol
L-Erythro-c18-sphingosine
L-erythro-sphing-4-enine
L-erythro-sphingosine
Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
Acetic ester
Acetyl ester
acetate
acetate esters
acetates
acetyl esters
an acetyl ester
acetate ester
Any oxo steroid where an oxo substituent is located at position 3.
3-Oxosteroid
3-oxo steroids
3-oxosteroids
a 3-oxosteroid
3-oxo steroid
penamcarboxylates
penamcarboxylate
urea derivatives
ureas
Anything used in a scientific experiment to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc.
Indikator
indicator
A chemical compound that can be excited by light of a specific wavelength and subsequently transfer energy to a chosen reactant. This is commonly molecular oxygen within a cancer tissue, which is converted to (highly rective) singlet state oxygen. This rapidly reacts with any nearby biomolecules, ultimately killing the cancer cells.
photosensitising agent
photosensitizing agent
macrocyclic polypyrroles
cyclic polypyrroles
polypyrrole macrocycles
cyclic polypyrrole
A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.
3-Oxo-delta4-steroid
3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid
3-oxo Delta(4)-steroids
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroids
a 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
A compound, usually an anti-bacterial agent or a toxin, which inhibits the synthesis of a protein.
protein synthesis antagonist
protein synthesis antagonists
protein synthesis inhibitors
protein synthesis inhibitor
Schwefeloxide
oxides of sulfur
sulfur oxides
sulfur oxide
cyclopentafurofurochromenes
cyclopentafurofurochromene
An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity.
Desinfektionsmittel
desinfectant
disinfectants
disinfecting agent
disinfectant
serotonergic agents
serotonergic drugs
serotonin drugs
serotonergic drug
A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds.
polar solvent
polar solvents
polar solvent
non-polar solvent
A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor.
protogenic solvent
protic solvent
Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor.
protophilic solvent
HBA solvent
hydrogen bond acceptor solvent
protophilic solvent
Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases.
amphiprotic solvent
amphiprotic solvent
carbamimidic acid
H2N-C(=NH)-OH
H2N-C(OH)=NH
HO-C(=NH)-NH2
Isoharnstoff
carbamimic acid
carbonamidimidic acid
isourea
pseudourea
carbamimidic acid
Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH).
imidic acid
imidic acids
imidic acids
imino acids
imidic acid
carboximidic acid
carboximidic acids
carboximidic acids
carboximidic acid
A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.
isoureas
isoureas
isourea
A drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
antiparkinson agent
antiparkinson drug
A drug used for its effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.
dopamine agent
dopamine agents
dopamine drug
dopamine drugs
dopaminergic agents
dopaminergic agent
Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own.
agonist
agonista
agoniste
agonists
agonist
Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances.
antagonist
antagonista
antagoniste
antagonists
antagonist
Silicate minerals that contain aluminium, silicon, and oxygen, together with other ions. They are a major component of clay minerals.
Alumosilikat
Alumosilikate
aluminosilicates
aluminosilicato
aluminosilicate mineral
Sulfurous acid
dihydrogen trioxosulfate
dihydroxidooxidosulfur
sulfurous acid
trioxosulfuric acid
H2SO3
S(O)(OH)2
Sulfite
[SO(OH)2]
acide sulfureux
acido sulfuroso
schweflige Saeure
sulphurous acid
sulfurous acid
Any drug that binds to but does not activate cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists.
Anticholinergika
Anticholinergikum
acetylcholine antagonists
acetylcholine receptor antagonist
agent anticholinergique
agente anticolinergico
agentes anticolinergicos
anticholinergic agents
anticholinergics
anticholinergiques
anticolinergicos
cholinergic-blocking agents
cholinergic antagonist
An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom.
thiazole
thiazoles
substituted anilines
substituted aniline
A chemical substance which inhibits the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
hormone antagonists
hormone antagonist
A compound that inhibits the action of prostaglandins.
prostaglandin inhibitor
prostaglandin antagonist
An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene.
heteroarenecarbaldehyde
A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.
2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
dopa
(+-)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
(+-)-dopa
(R,S)-dopa
3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine
3-hydroxy-DL-tyrosine
3-hydroxytyrosine
DL-3,4-dopa
DL-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
DL-dihydroxyphenylalanine
DL-dioxyphenylalanine
beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-DL-alpha-alanine
dl-beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-alpha-alanine
dopa
The D-enantiomer of dopa.
(2R)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
D-dopa
(+)-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
(+)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
3,4-dihydroxy-D-phenylalanine
3-hydroxy-D-tyrosine
D-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
D-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine
dopa D-form
D-dopa
argon
18Ar
Ar
argon
argon atom
hydrogen
1H
H
Wasserstoff
hidrogeno
hydrogen
hydrogene
hydrogen atom
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
organic amino compounds
organic amino compound
A drug that softens, separates, and causes desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. Keratolytic drugs are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases.
desquamating agent
keratolytic agent
keratolytic drugs
skin-peeling agent
keratolytic drug
A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
dermatologic agent
dermatologic drugs
dermatological agent
dermatologic drug
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the activity of cytochrome P450 involved in catalysis of organic substances.
CYP2D6 inhibitor
CYP2D6 inhibitors
P450 inhibitors
cytochrome P450 inhibitor
cytochrome P450 inhibitors
P450 inhibitor
Drug that acts on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system.
hematologic agents
hematologic agent
An agent that prevents blood clotting.
anticoagulante
anticoagulants
anticoagulant
A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
Prodrugs
prodrug
Synthetic or natural substance which is given to prevent a disease or disorder or are used in the process of treating a disease or injury due to a poisonous agent.
chemoprotectant
chemoprotectants
chemoprotective agent
chemoprotective agents
protective agents
protective agent
A substance that does not act as agonist or antagonist but does affect the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which benzodiazepines act by increasing the opening frequency of gamma-aminobutyric acid-activated chloride channels; a site at which barbiturates act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act.
GABA modulators
GABA modulator
onium compound
Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families.
onium cations
onium cations
onium ion
onium ions
onium cation
chloranium
chloronium
H2Cl(+)
[ClH2](+)
chloronium
A univalent organyl group obtained by cleaving the bond from C-2 to the side chain of a proteinogenic amino-acid.
canonical amino-acid side-chain
canonical amino-acid side-chains
proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain
proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain groups
proteinogenic amino-acid side-chains
proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group
2-carboxyethyl
glutamic acid side-chain
2-carboxyethyl group
pyridinium ions
pyridinium ion
4-hydroxybenzyl
tyrosine side-chain
4-hydroxybenzyl group
A role played by a molecular entity used to study the microscopic environment.
probe
A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.
platelet aggregation inhibitors
platelet aggregation inhibitor
Compounds containing a bipyridine group.
bipyridyls
bipyridines
Drug used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.
vasoconstrictor agent
A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
furan-2-one
2-furanone
butenolides
butenolide
An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position.
alkyl alcohols
hydroxyalkane
hydroxyalkanes
alkyl alcohol
A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 2.
COX-2 inhibitor
COX-2 inhibitors
PGHS-2 inhibitor
PGHS-2 inhibitors
cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor
cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors
cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor
cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors
cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor
cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors
prostaglandin H synthase-2 inhibitor
prostaglandin H synthase-2 inhibitors
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 inhibitor
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 inhibitors
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 1.
COX-1 inhibitor
COX-1 inhibitors
PTGS1 inhibitor
PTGS1 inhibitors
cyclo-oxygenase 1 inhibitor
cyclo-oxygenase 1 inhibitors
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitors
cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor
cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors
prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 inhibitor
prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 inhibitors
prostaglandin H2 synthase 1 inhibitor
prostaglandin H2 synthase 1 inhibitors
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 inhibitor
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 inhibitors
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor
[(5-acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfonyl]azanide
acetazolamide
acetazolamide(1-)
(2S)-4-carboxy-2-(4-{[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}benzamido)butanoate
methotrexate(1-)
(2S)-2-(4-{[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}benzamido)pentanedioate
methotrexate
methotrexate(2-)
An EC 1.5.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3).
7,8-dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
7,8-dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
DHFR inhibitor
DHFR inhibitors
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitors
EC 1.5.1.3 inhibitor
EC 1.5.1.3 inhibitors
NADPH-dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
NADPH-dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) inhibitor
dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) inhibitors
dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
dihydrofolic acid reductase inhibitor
dihydrofolic acid reductase inhibitors
dihydrofolic reductase inhibitor
dihydrofolic reductase inhibitors
folic acid reductase inhibitor
folic acid reductase inhibitors
folic reductase inhibitor
folic reductase inhibitors
tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase inhibitor
tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
A substance used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy.
reproductive control agent
reproductive control drugs
reproductive control drug
A chemical substance that interrupts pregnancy after implantation.
abortifacient agent
abortifacient agents
abortifacient drug
abortifacient drugs
abortifacients
abortifacient
A product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance.
Dietary Supplement
Food Supplementation
Nutritional supplement
nutraceutical
iron oxide
iron oxide minerals
iron oxide mineral
hematite
Blutstein
Haematit
blood stone
haematite
hematita
oligist
oligiste
hematite
diiron trioxide
iron(3+) oxide
iron(III) oxide
Eisen(III)-oxid
Eisentrioxid
iron trioxide
ferric oxide
Biologically active substance whose activity affects or plays a role in the functioning of the immune system.
Biomodulator
Immune factor
Immunologic factor
Immunological factor
immunomodulators
immunomodulator
A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland.
corticoides
corticosteroides
corticosteroids
corticosteroid
Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
organic compounds
organic entity
organic molecular entities
organic molecular entity
A role played by a chemical compound to induce direct or indirect DNA damage. Such damage can potentially lead to the formation of a malignant tumour, but DNA damage does not lead inevitably to the creation of cancerous cells.
genotoxic agent
genotoxic agents
genotoxins
genotoxin
A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.
agente carcinogeno
cancerigene
cancerogene
carcinogen
carcinogene
carcinogenic agents
carcinogeno
carcinogens
carcinogenic agent
A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.
alergeno
allergene
allergenic agent
allergen
A role played by a chemical compound in biological systems with adverse consequences in embryo developments, leading to birth defects, embryo death or altered development, growth retardation and functional defect.
agent teratogene
teratogen
teratogeno
teratogenic agent
A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.
role
A role played by a chemical compound exihibiting itself through the ability to induce damage to the liver in animals.
agente hepatotoxico
hepatotoxic agents
hepatotoxicant
hepatotoxicants
hepatotoxin
hepatotoxins
hepatoxic agent
hepatoxicant
hepatotoxic agent
A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.
agente neurotoxico
nerve poison
nerve poisons
neurotoxic agent
neurotoxic agents
neurotoxicant
neurotoxins
neurotoxin
A compound that specifically inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the serotonin concentration in the synaptic cleft which then activates serotonin receptors to a greater extent.
SSRI
serotonin reuptake inhibitor
serotonin uptake inhibitor
Systems consisting of two or more molecular entities held together by non-covalent interactions.
non-covalently-bound molecular entities
non-covalently-bound molecular entity
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group.
primary amino compounds
primary amino compound
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
secondary amino compounds
secondary amino compound
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
tertiary amino compounds
tertiary amino compound
A dopaminergic agent that blocks the transport of dopamine into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the adrenergic uptake inhibitors also inhibit dopamine uptake.
DARI
DRI
dopamine reuptake inhibitor
dopamine reuptake inhibitors
dopamine uptake inhibitors
dopamine uptake inhibitor
A drug that modulates the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
hormone receptor modulators
hormone receptor modulator
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
chemical role
Nitrogenous compounds
nitrogen compounds
nitrogen molecular entities
nitrogen molecular entity
An organic molecule that is electrically neutral carrying a positive and a negative charge in one of its major canonical descriptions. In most dipolar compounds the charges are delocalized; however the term is also applied to species where this is not the case.
dipolar compounds
dipolar compound
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.
acenes
Compounds containing a tetracene skeleton.
naphthacenes
tetracenes
Any anion formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of a penicillin.
penicillin
penicillin anion
penicillin anions
penicillinate anion
A substance, such as agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function, used for its pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems.
GABA agent
Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having two free valences at carbon atom(s).
organodiyl groups
organodiyl group
organic divalent group
organic univalent group
Compounds containing a biotin (5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid) skeleton.
biotins
An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.
enones
enone
A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.
alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones
alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone
organic polycyclic compounds
organic polycyclic compound
organic tricyclic compounds
organic tricyclic compound
An organic anion that is the conjugate base of methanol.
methoxide ion
methoxide
A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context.
biochemical role
biophysical role
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.
etiopathogenetic agent
etiopathogenetic role
aetiopathogenetic role
A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties.
pharmacological role
physiological role
Any molecule or ion capable of binding to a central metal atom to form coordination complexes.
ligands
ligand
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
farmaco
medicament
pharmaceuticals
pharmaceutical
A phosphate mineral with the general formula Ca5(PO4)3X where X = OH, F or Cl.
hydroxyapatite
apatite
A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).
hydroxylapatite
A compound with the general formula R2C=O (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group.
oxyketones
oxyketone
An oxyketone with the general formula R2C(=O) (R=/=H) where one or more of the R groups contains an oxy (-O-) group and the oxy and carbonyl groups are bonded to the same carbon atom.
alpha-oxyketones
alpha-oxyketone
inorganic hydroxides
inorganic hydroxy compound
The biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds.
antigenic determinant
epitope function
epitope role
epitope
Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).
iso-cyanates
isocyanates
A polymer carrying multiple negative charges.
polyanion
polyanions
polyanionic macromolecule
A macromolecule containing ionic groups.
ionic polymer
polyionic macromolecule
ionic macromolecule
Globin
globins
pentacoordinate globin
globin
Any drug found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhoea.
antidiarrheal
antidiarrheal agent
antidiarrheal agents
antidiarrheal drug
antidiarrheal drugs
antidiarrheals
antidiarrhoeal
antidiarrhoeal agent
antidiarrhoeal agents
antidiarrhoeal drugs
antidiarrhoeals
antiperistaltic
antiperistaltic agent
antiperistaltic agents
antiperistaltic drug
antiperistaltic drugs
antiperistaltics
antidiarrhoeal drug
A drug used for its effects on the gastrointestinal system, e.g. controlling gastric acidity, regulating gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improving digestion.
gastrointestinal agent
gastrointestinal agents
gastrointestinal drugs
gastrointestinal drug
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.
Heterocyclic compound
compuesto heterociclico
compuestos heterociclicos
heterocycle
heterocyclic compounds
heterocyclic compound
An amino acid zwitterion obtained from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of L-dopa. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.
(2S)-2-azaniumyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate
(2S)-2-ammonio-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate
L-dopa
L-dopa zwitterion
Conjugate base of biotin arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.
5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoate
biotin
biotin anion
biotinate
Anionic form of chondroitin D-glucuronate arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid groups of the repeating units; major species at pH 7.3.
chondroitin D-glucuronate
chondroitin D-glucuronate polyanion
chondroitin D-glucuronate anion
Dianion of barbituric acid arising from deprotonation at the N-1 and C-5 positions.
2,4,6-trioxotetrahydro-2H-pyrimidine-1,5-diide
2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-diazinane-1,5-diide
barbiturate dianion
barbiturate(2-)
The cationic sphingoid resulting from the protonation of the amino group of sphingosine.
(2S,3R,4E)-1,3-dihydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-aminium
sphing-4-enine
sphingosine(1+)
Zwitterionic form of 6-aminopenicillanic acid arising from migration of a proton from the carboxy group to the 6-amino group; major species at pH 7.3.
6-azaniumyl-2,2-dimethylpenam-3alpha-carboxylate
(2S,5R,6R)-6-azaniumyl-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate
6-aminopenicillanate
6-aminopenicillanic acid zwitterion
The ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the amino group of psychosine.
(2S,3R,4E)-1-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-aminium
(2S,3R,4E)-3-hydroxy-1-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}octadec-4-en-2-aminium
beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1)-sphing-4-enine
psychosine(1+)
A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of the two carboxy groups of bilirubin; major species at pH 7.3.
2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-1,19-dioxo-3,18-divinyl-1,10,19,22,23,24-hexahydro-21H-biline-8,12-dipropanoate
bilirubin IXalpha
bilirubin dianion
bilirubin(2-)
A D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion that is D-phenylalanine in which a proton has been transferred from the carboxy group to the amino group. It is the major species at pH 7.3.
(2R)-2-azaniumyl-3-phenylpropanoate
(2R)-2-ammonio-3-phenylpropanoate
D-phenylalanine
D-phenylalanine zwitterion
An organic anion that is the conjugate base of riboflavin resulting from the removal of a proton from the nitrogen at position 3 (between the two carbonyl groups). Major microspecies at pH 7.3.
1-deoxy-1-(7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-id-10(4H)-yl)-D-ribitol
7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-10-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]-2H,3H,4H,10H-benzo[g]pteridin-3-ide
riboflavin
riboflavin anion
vitamin B2(1-)
riboflavin(1-)
Conjugate acid of carbon monoxide arising from protonation of the carbon; major species at pH 7.3.
methylidyneoxonium
CO(1+)
methylidyneoxidanium
carbon monoxide(1+)
An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of L-phenylalanine; major species at pH 7.3.
(2S)-2-azaniumyl-3-phenylpropanoate
(2S)-2-ammonio-3-phenylpropanoate
L-phenylalanine
phenylalanine
L-phenylalanine zwitterion
An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of L-tyrosine; major species at pH 7.3.
(2S)-2-azaniumyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
(2S)-2-ammonio-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
L-tyrosine
L-tyrosine zwitterion
A D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion that is D-tyrosine in which a proton has been transferred from the carboxy group to the amino group. It is the major species at pH 7.3.
(2R)-2-ammonio-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
D-tyrosine
D-tyrosine zwitterion
An organic phosphoric acid derivative in which one or more oxygen atoms of the phosphate group(s) has been deprotonated.
organophosphate oxoanions
organophosphate oxoanion
Any fatty acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxy group of a short-chain fatty acid (chain length of less than C6).
a short-chain fatty acid
short-chain fatty acid anions
short-chain fatty acid anion
Any fatty acid anion in which there is no C-C unsaturation.
saturated fatty acid anions
saturated fatty acid anion
An organic anion of general formula RS(=O)2O(-) where R is an organyl group.
organosulfate oxoanions
organosulfate oxoanion
The conjugate acid of piperidine; major species at pH 7.3.
piperidinium
hexahydropyridinium
piperidine
piperidinium cation
piperidinium(1+)
piperidinium
A substance used as an indicator of a biological state.
biological marker
biomarker
Any substance capable of eliciting an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein. Examples include dinitrophenols; oligosaccharides; peptides; and heavy metals.
haptens
hapten
An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a acyclic tetrapyrrole compound.
acyclic tetrapyrrole anion
acyclic tetrapyrrole anions
linear tetrapyrrole anions
linear tetrapyrrole anion
Any substance that inhibits the synthesis of DNA.
DNA synthesis inhibitors
DNA synthesis inhibitor
A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).
(6R)-2-amino-6-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one
(-)-(6R)-2-amino-6-((1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4(3H)-pteridinone
(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
(6R)-L-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin
2-Amino-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydoro-4(1H)-pteridinone
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin
6R-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
6R-BH4
6R-L-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin
R-THBP
sapropterin
sapropterina
sapropterinum
tetrahydrobiopterin
sapropterin
Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units.
phosphoric acids
The dianion resulting from the removal of two protons from the phosphate group of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
(4-formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl phosphate
3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde 5-phosphate dianion
3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde 5-phosphate(2-)
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dianion
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(2-)
A reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons.
nucleophile
nucleophiles
nucleophilic reagents
nucleophilic reagent
Conjugate base of an L-alpha-amino acid arising from deprotonation of the C-1 carboxy group.
L-alpha-amino carboxylate
L-alpha-amino acid anion
Zwitterionic form of an L-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group.
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterions
an L-alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion
Zwitterionic form of a D-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group.
D-alpha-amino acid zwitterions
a D-alpha-amino acid
D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
Chemische Substanz
chemical substance
A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.
Mischung
mixture
A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc..
Polymer
Kunststoff
polymer
The conjugate base of cocaine arising from protonation of the tertiary amino group; major species at pH 7.3.
(1R,2R,3S,5S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)-8-methyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane
cocaine
cocaine cation
cocaine(1+)
An ionic polymer is a polymer, composed of ionic macromolecules.
polyionic polymer
ionic polymer
An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one.
a monovalent cation
monovalent inorganic cation
Zwitterionic form of any peptide where, in general, the amino terminus is positively charged and the carboxy terminus is negatively charged.
a peptide
peptide zwitterions
peptide zwitterion
Flavin protonated to pH 7.3
an oxidized flavin
flavin(1-)
Any substance that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs.
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists
NMDA receptor antagonists
NMDAR antagonist
NMDAR antagonists
NMDA receptor antagonist
A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.
(2Z,4E6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid
(7E,9E,11E,13Z)-retinoic acid
13-RA
13-cis-Vitamin A acid
13-cis-retinoic acid
Accutane
Amnesteem
Claravis
Neovitamin A acid
cis-RA
isotretinoin
isotretinoina
isotretinoine
isotretinoino
isotretinoinum
isotretinoin
Any substance which inhibits the action of receptors for excitatory amino acids.
EAA receptor antagonist
EAA receptor antagonists
excitatory amino acid antagonists
excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist
excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists
excitatory amino acid antagonist
Any pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents such as drugs or vaccines while having few if any direct effects when given by itself.
adjuvants
adjuvant
Any substance that interacts with tubulin to inhibit or promote polymerisation of microtubules.
tubulin modulators
tubulin modulator
Any alpha-amino acid anion in which the parent amino acid has D-configuration.
D-alpha-amino acid anions
D-alpha-amino carboxylate
D-alpha-amino acid anion
A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers.
melange racemique
racemates
racemic mixture
racemate
A sulfated glycosaminoglycan, a linear polymer that consists of the repeating disaccharide [3)-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1->] and containing sulfo groups located at random positions.
keratan sulfates
keratosulfate
keratan sulfate
A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.
2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone
KETAMINE
Ketamine
(+-)-ketamine
2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone
2-(methylamino)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)cyclohexanone
2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-cyclohexanone
DL-ketamine
NMDA
dl-ketamine
ketamina
ketamine
ketaminum
special K
ketamine
A steroid that has a structure based on a 21-carbon (pregnane) skeleton. Note that individual examples may have ring substituents at other positions and/or contain double bonds, aromatic A-rings, expanded/contracted rings etc., so the formula and mass may vary from that given for the generic structure.
a C21-steroid
C21-steroid
A polymer, composed of polyanion macromolecules.
polyanion
polyanions
polyanionic polymer
Any saponin derived from a hydroxysteroid.
glycosteroid
glycosteroids
glycosyl steroid
glycosyl steroids
steroid glycoside
steroid glycosides
steroid saponins
steroidal glycoside
steroidal glycosides
sterol glycoside
sterol glycosides
steryl glycoside
steryl glycosides
steroid saponin
Any substance that interacts with tubulin to inhibit polymerisation of microtubules.
microtubule destabilising agent
microtubule destabilising agents
microtubule destabilising role
microtubule destabilizing role
microtubule-destabilising agents
microtubule-destabilizing agent
microtubule-destabilizing agents
microtubule-destabilising agent
Zwitterionic form of a polar amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group.
a polar amino acid
polar amino acid zwitterion
A class of secondary metabolites developed by many plants to influence the behaviour, growth or survival of herbivores, and thus acting as a defence against herbivory.
allelochemicals
allelochemical
A molecular messenger in which the molecule is specifically involved in transmitting information between cells. Such molecules are released from the cell sending the signal, cross over the gap between cells by diffusion, and interact with specific receptors in another cell, triggering a response in that cell by activating a series of enzyme controlled reactions which lead to changes inside the cell.
signal molecule
signal molecules
signaling molecule
signaling molecules
signalling molecules
signalling molecule
An ester where the ester linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.
aromatic esters
aromatic ester
An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, any substitution of phenyl hydrogens, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of tyrosine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing tyrosine residues.
tyrosine derivatives
tyrosine derivative
Any additive that enhances the efficiency of fuel.
fuel additives
fuel enhancer
fuel additive
An organic cation resulting from protonation or quaternisation at the 3-position of any 1,3-thiazole.
1,3-thiazolium cations
1,3-thiazolium cation
A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity.
glycosyl compounds
glycosyl compound
A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction.
oxidant
oxidants
oxidiser
oxidisers
oxidising agents
oxidizer
oxidizers
oxidizing agent
oxidizing agents
oxidising agent
Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds.
carbohydrate derivatives
derivatised carbohydrate
derivatised carbohydrates
derivatized carbohydrate
derivatized carbohydrates
carbohydrate derivative
An EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1).
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.1 inhibitor
EC 3.1.3.1 inhibitors
alkaline phenyl phosphatase inhibitor
alkaline phenyl phosphatase inhibitors
alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) inhibitor
alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) inhibitors
alkaline phosphatase inhibitor
alkaline phosphatase inhibitors
alkaline phosphohydrolase inhibitor
alkaline phosphohydrolase inhibitors
alkaline phosphomonoesterase inhibitor
alkaline phosphomonoesterase inhibitors
glycerophosphatase inhibitor
glycerophosphatase inhibitors
orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitor
orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitors
phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitor
phosphate-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum) inhibitors
phosphomonoesterase inhibitor
phosphomonoesterase inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor
A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a carbohydrate acid.
carbohydrate acid derivatives
carbohydrate acid derivative
An aromatic amino acid whose alpha-carboxylic acid group is ionized (non-protonated).
aromatic amino-acid anions
aromatic amino-acid anion
An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that interferes with the action of Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9).
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.9 inhibitor
EC 3.6.3.9 inhibitors
Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor
Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors
Na(+)/K(+)-pump inhibitor
Na(+)/K(+)-pump inhibitors
Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9) inhibitor
Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.9) inhibitors
Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitor
Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase inhibitors
sodium pump inhibitor
sodium pump inhibitors
sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor
sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitors
sodium-potassium pump inhibitor
sodium-potassium pump inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a carbohydrate acid derivative.
carbohydrate acid anion derivative
carbohydrate acid anion derivatives
carbohydrate acid derivative anions
carbohydrate acid derivative anion
Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance.
food additives
food additive
A food additive that is used to change or otherwise control the acidity or alkalinity of foods. They may be acids, bases, neutralising agents or buffering agents.
acidity regulator
acidity regulators
food acidity regulators
pH control agent
pH control agents
food acidity regulator
An EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of arogenate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.43).
EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.43 inhibitor
EC 1.3.1.43 inhibitors
L-arogenate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
L-arogenate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitor
L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) inhibitors
L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase inhibitor
L-arogenate:NAD+ oxidoreductase inhibitors
TyrA(a) inhibitor
TyrA(a) inhibitors
arogenate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.43) inhibitor
arogenate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.43) inhibitors
arogenate dehydrogenase inhibitor
arogenate dehydrogenase inhibitors
cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase inhibitor
cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
An organic aromatic compound whose structure contains two aromatic rings or ring systems, joined to each other by a single bond.
biaryls
biaryl
A food additive which is added to flour or dough to improve baking quality and/or colour.
flour treatment agent
dough improver
dough improvers
improving agent
improving agents
flour treatment agent
An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
one-carbon compounds
one-carbon compound
Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.
organic acids
organic acid
Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
poisonous agent
poisonous agents
poisonous substance
poisonous substances
poisons
toxic agent
toxic agents
toxic substance
toxic substances
poison
Any compound that inhibits cell division (mitosis).
antimitotics
mitosis inhibitor
mitosis inhibitors
mitotic inhibitor
mitotic inhibitors
antimitotic
A clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.
Lipoprotein
lipoproteins
lipoprotein particle
lipoprotein
A lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33).
15-LOX inhibitor
15-LOX inhibitors
15-lipoxygenase inhibitor
15-lipoxygenase inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.33 inhibitor
EC 1.13.11.33 inhibitors
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33) inhibitor
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.33) inhibitors
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase inhibitor
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors
arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase inhibitor
arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase inhibitors
linoleic acid omega(6)-lipoxygenase inhibitor
linoleic acid omega(6)-lipoxygenase inhibitors
omega(6) lipoxygenase inhibitor
omega(6) lipoxygenase inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
Any EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3).
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.3 inhibitor
EC 3.1.1.3 inhibitors
GEH inhibitor
GEH inhibitors
PPL inhibitor
PPL inhibitors
Tween hydrolase inhibitor
Tween hydrolase inhibitors
Tweenase inhibitor
Tweenase inhibitors
Tweenesterase inhibitor
Tweenesterase inhibitors
butyrinase inhibitor
butyrinase inhibitors
cacordase inhibitor
cacordase inhibitors
capalase L inhibitor
capalase L inhibitors
glycerol ester hydrolase inhibitor
glycerol ester hydrolase inhibitors
glycerol-ester hydrolase inhibitor
glycerol-ester hydrolase inhibitors
heparin releasable hepatic lipase inhibitor
heparin releasable hepatic lipase inhibitors
hepatic lipase inhibitor
hepatic lipase inhibitors
hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitor
hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors
lipase inhibitor
lipase inhibitors
lipazin inhibitor
lipazin inhibitors
liver lipase inhibitor
liver lipase inhibitors
pancreatic lipase inhibitor
pancreatic lipase inhibitors
pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase inhibitor
pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase inhibitors
post-heparin plasma protamine-resistant lipase inhibitor
post-heparin plasma protamine-resistant lipase inhibitors
salt-resistant post-heparin lipase inhibitor
salt-resistant post-heparin lipase inhibitors
steapsin inhibitor
steapsin inhibitors
triacetinase inhibitor
triacetinase inhibitors
triacylglycerol ester hydrolase inhibitor
triacylglycerol ester hydrolase inhibitors
triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) inhibitor
triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) inhibitors
triacylglycerol lipase inhibitor
triacylglycerol lipase inhibitors
tributyrase inhibitor
tributyrase inhibitors
tributyrin esterase inhibitor
tributyrin esterase inhibitors
tributyrinase inhibitor
tributyrinase inhibitors
triglyceridase inhibitor
triglyceridase inhibitors
triglyceride hydrolase inhibitor
triglyceride hydrolase inhibitors
triglyceride lipase inhibitor
triglyceride lipase inhibitors
triolein hydrolase inhibitor
triolein hydrolase inhibitors
tween-hydrolysing esterase inhibitor
tween-hydrolyzing esterase inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide.
polysaccharide derivatives
polysaccharide derivative
Substances which are added to food in order to prevent decomposition caused by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.
food preservatives
food preservative
A food preservative which prevents decomposition of food by preventing the growth of fungi or bacteria. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food preservatives are from E200 to E299, divided into sorbates (E200-209), benzoates (E210-219), sulfites (E220-229), phenols and formates (E230-239), nitrates (E240-259), acetates (E260-269), lactates (E270-279), propionates (E280-289) and others (E290-299).
antimicrobial food preservatives
antimicrobial preservative
antimicrobial preservatives
antimicrobial food preservative
An ammonium ion derivative resulting from the protonation of the nitrogen atom of a primary amino compound. Major species at pH 7.3.
a primary amine
substituted ammonium
primary ammonium ion
Any compound which can be used to treat or alleviate the symptoms of dyskinesia.
antidyskinesia agents
antidyskinesia drug
antidyskinesia drugs
antidyskinetic agent
antidyskinetic agents
antidyskinetic drug
antidyskinetic drugs
antidyskinesia agent
A L-alpha-amino acid anion which is the conjugate base of L-dopa, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group: major species at pH 7.3.
(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate
L-dopa carboxylate
L-dopa(1-)
Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
anti-inflammatory agents
antiinflammatory agent
antiinflammatory agents
anti-inflammatory agent
Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
azoles
azole
An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the action of a transferase (EC 2.*)
EC 2 inhibitor
EC 2 inhibitors
EC 2.* (transferase) inhibitors
EC 2.* inhibitor
EC 2.* inhibitors
transferase inhibitor
transferase inhibitors
EC 2.* (transferase) inhibitor
An organic anion that is the conjugate base of tetracycline obtained by deprotonation of the two enolic hydroxy groups and protonation of the tertiary amino group.
(1S,4aS,11S,11aS,12aS)-3-carbamoyl-1-(dimethylazaniumyl)-4a,7,11-trihydroxy-11-methyl-4,6-dioxo-1,4,4a,6,11,11a,12,12a-octahydrotetracene-2,5-diolate
tetracycline anion
tetracycline(1-)
Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.
organic compound
organic compounds
organic molecules
organic molecule
A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment.
exopolysaccharides
extracellular polymeric substance
extracellular polymeric substances
exopolysaccharide
An EC 1.11.1.* (peroxidases) inhibitor that inhibits the action of L-ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11).
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitors
EC 1.11.1.11 inhibitor
EC 1.11.1.11 inhibitors
L-ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) inhibitor
L-ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) inhibitors
L-ascorbate peroxidase inhibitor
L-ascorbate peroxidase inhibitors
L-ascorbate:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase inhibitor
L-ascorbate:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase inhibitors
L-ascorbic acid peroxidase inhibitor
L-ascorbic acid peroxidase inhibitors
L-ascorbic acid-specific peroxidase inhibitor
L-ascorbic acid-specific peroxidase inhibitors
ascorbate peroxidase inhibitor
ascorbate peroxidase inhibitors
ascorbic acid peroxidase inhibitor
ascorbic acid peroxidase inhibitors
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor
Any compound that protects plants by activating their defence mechanisms.
plant activators
plant activator
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase which acts on acid anhydrides (EC 3.6.*.*).
EC 3.6 inhibitor
EC 3.6 inhibitors
EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitors
EC 3.6.* inhibitor
EC 3.6.* inhibitors
EC 3.6.*.* inhibitor
EC 3.6.*.* inhibitors
acid anhydride hydrolase inhibitor
acid anhydride hydrolase inhibitors
inhibitor of hydrolase acting on acid anhydride (EC 3.6.*)
inhibitors of hydrolase acting on acid anhydride (EC 3.6.*)
EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitor
A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 3.
COX-3 inhibitor
COX-3 inhibitors
cyclo-oxygenase 3 inhibitor
cyclo-oxygenase 3 inhibitors
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitors
cyclooxygenase-3 inhibitor
cyclooxygenase-3 inhibitors
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor
An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate (i.e. phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). A closed class.
erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid
erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acids
erythrose 4-phosphate family amino acid
erythrose 4-phosphate family amino acids
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acids
phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid
phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acids
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid
An antimetabolite that impairs the action of folic acids
antifolates
folic acid antagonist
folic acid antagonists
antifolate
Any steroid lactone that is a C23 steroid with a five-membered lactone ring at C-17 and its substituted derivatives. They form the aglycone constituents of cardiac glycosides.
cardenolides
A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions.
adstringent
adstringents
astringents
astringent
Any organic aromatic compound having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a heteroarene ring.
hetaryl hydroxy compound
hetaryl hydroxy compounds
heteroaromatic hydroxy compound
heteroaromatic hydroxy compounds
heteroaryl hydroxy compounds
heteroaryl hydroxy compound
A generally pharmacologically inactive substance that is formulated with the active ingredient of a medication.
excipient
bulking agent
bulking agents
filler
fillers
excipient
An EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any of the peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.*).
EC 1.11.1 inhibitor
EC 1.11.1 inhibitors
EC 1.11.1.* (peroxidase) inhibitor
EC 1.11.1.* (peroxidase) inhibitors
EC 1.11.1.* (peroxidases) inhibitors
EC 1.11.1.* inhibitor
EC 1.11.1.* inhibitors
inhibitor of peroxidases
inhibitors of peroxidases
peroxidases inhibitors
EC 1.11.1.* (peroxidases) inhibitor
A ligase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*.*).
C--N bond-forming ligase inhibitor
C--N bond-forming ligase inhibitors
C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*) inhibitor
C-N bond-forming ligase (EC 6.3.*) inhibitors
C-N bond-forming ligase inhibitor
C-N bond-forming ligase inhibitors
EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitorS
EC 6.3.* inhibitor
EC 6.3.* inhibitors
EC 6.3.*.* inhibitor
EC 6.3.*.* inhibitors
EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a ligase (EC 6.*.*.*). Ligases are enzymes that catalyse the joining of two molecules with concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
EC 6.* (ligase) inhibitors
EC 6.* inhibitor
EC 6.* inhibitors
EC 6.*.*.* inhibitor
EC 6.*.*.* inhibitors
ligase inhibitor
ligase inhibitors
EC 6.* (ligase) inhibitor
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms.
eukaryotic metabolites
eukaryotic metabolite
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals.
animal metabolites
animal metabolite
Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals.
mammalian metabolites
mammalian metabolite
Any member of the group of eight water-soluble vitamins originally thought to be a single compound (vitamin B) that play important roles in cell metabolism. The group comprises of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12 (Around 20 other compounds were once thought to be B vitamins but are no longer classified as such).
B vitamins
B-group vitamin
B-group vitamins
vitamin B
B vitamin
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
Mus musculus metabolite
Mus musculus metabolites
mouse metabolites
mouse metabolite
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
S. cerevisiae metabolite
S. cerevisiae metabolites
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite
S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
baker's yeast metabolite
baker's yeast metabolites
baker's yeast secondary metabolite
baker's yeast secondary metabolites
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea.
prokaryotic metabolites
prokaryotic metabolite
An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any aromatic amino-acid.
an aromatic amino-acid
aromatic amino-acid zwitterions
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion
Any metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound.
xenobiotic metabolites
xenobiotic metabolite
A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'.
greenhouse gases
greenhouse gas
A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans.
propellants
propellant
A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the action of a phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*.*).
EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitors
EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitor
EC 2.7.* (phosphorus-containing group transferase) inhibitors
EC 2.7.* inhibitor
EC 2.7.* inhibitors
phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitor
phosphorus-containing group transferase (EC 2.7.*) inhibitors
phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitor
phosphorus-containing group transferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of a lyase (EC 4.*.*.*). Lyases are enzymes cleaving C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation.
EC 4.* (lyase) inhibitors
EC 4.* inhibitor
EC 4.* inhibitors
EC 4.*.*.* inhibitor
EC 4.*.*.* inhibitors
lyase (EC 4.*) inhibitor
lyase (EC 4.*) inhibitorS
lyase inhibitor
lyase inhibitors
EC 4.* (lyase) inhibitor
A lyase inhibitor which inhibits the action of a C-O lyase (EC 4.2.*.*).
C-O lyase (EC 4.2.*) inhibitor
C-O lyase (EC 4.2.*) inhibitors
C-O lyase inhibitor
C-O lyase inhibitors
EC 4.2.* (C-O lyase) inhibitors
EC 4.2.* inhibitor
EC 4.2.* inhibitors
EC 4.2.* (C-O lyase) inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*).
EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitors
EC 1.* inhibitor
EC 1.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase (EC 1.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase inhibitor
oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-OH group of donors (EC 1.1.*.*).
EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitors
EC 1.1.* inhibitor
EC 1.1.* inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH group of donors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group (EC 1.1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group (EC 1.1.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group inhibitors
EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-CH group of donors (EC 1.3.*.*).
EC 1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group) inhibitors
EC 1.3.* inhibitor
EC 1.3.* inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group (EC 1.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group (EC 1.3.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group inhibitors
EC 1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-NH group of donors (EC 1.5.*.*).
EC 1.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group) inhibitors
EC 1.5.* inhibitor
EC 1.5.* inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH group of donor
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH group of donors
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH group of donor
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on CH-NH group of donors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group (EC 1.5.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group (EC 1.5.*) inhibitors
EC 1.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*.*).
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitor
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* inhibitor
EC 1.9.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on a heme group of donors (EC 1.9.*) inhibitors
EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors (EC 1.11.*.*).
EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitors
EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductases acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitor
EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductases acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitors
EC 1.11.* inhibitor
EC 1.11.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors (EC 1.11.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors (EC 1.11.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductases acting on peroxide as donors (EC 1.11.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductases acting on peroxide as donors (EC 1.11.*) inhibitors
EC 1.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on peroxide as donors) inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases), EC 1.13.*.*.
EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitors
EC 1.13.* inhibitor
EC 1.13.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (EC 1.13.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (EC 1.13.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) inhibitors
EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitor
An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on hydrogen as donors (EC 1.14.*.*).
EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitors
EC 1.14.* inhibitor
EC 1.14.* inhibitors
inhibitor of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitor of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
inhibitors of oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*)
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.*) inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen inhibitors
EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor
Any enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase (EC 3.*.*.*).
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.* inhibitor
EC 3.* inhibitors
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitor
EC 3.*.*.* inhibitors
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitor
hydrolase (EC 3.*) inhibitors
hydrolase inhibitor
hydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor
A hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*.*).
EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.1.* inhibitor
EC 3.1.* inhibitors
ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitor
ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.*) inhibitors
ester hydrolase inhibitor
ester hydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor
Any hydrolase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a hydrolase acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds (EC 3.5.*.*).
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolase acting on non-peptide C-N bond) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on C-N bonds, other than peptide bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitors
EC 3.5.* inhibitor
EC 3.5.* inhibitors
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*).
EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.* inhibitor
EC 3.1.1.* inhibitors
carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitor
carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*).
EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.* inhibitor
EC 3.1.3.* inhibitors
inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase
inhibitor of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*)
inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase
inhibitors of phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*)
phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitor
phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*) inhibitors
phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitor
phosphoric monoester hydrolase inhibitors
EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*).
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.* inhibitors
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitor
non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.* (P-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*).
EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitors
inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases
inhibitor of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*)
inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases
inhibitors of nucleotidyltransferases (EC 2.7.7.*)
nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitor
nucleotidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.*) inhibitors
nucleotidyltransferase inhibitor
nucleotidyltransferase inhibitors
EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitor
An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase (EC 6.3.1.*).
EC 6.3.1.* (acid-ammonia/amine ligase) inhibitors
EC 6.3.1.* inhibitor
EC 6.3.1.* inhibitors
acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase inhibitor
acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase inhibitors
EC 6.3.1.* (acid-ammonia/amine ligase) inhibitor
An EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor that uses NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*).
EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+)acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.* inhibitor
EC 1.1.1.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.13.* [oxidoreductase acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases)] inhibitor that inhibits the action of any oxidoreductase incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*).
EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitor
EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.* inhibitor
EC 1.13.11.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen (EC 1.13.11.*) inhibitors
EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 O atoms) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme incorporating one atom of oxygen and using reduced flavin or flavoprotein as donor (EC 1.14.14.*).
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.* inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor (EC 1.14.14.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any enzyme in the EC 1.14.99.* (miscellaneous) category.
EC 1.14.99.* (miscellaneous oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.* inhibitor
EC 1.14.99.* inhibitors
miscellaneous oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.99.*) inhibitor
miscellaneous oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (EC 1.14.99.*) inhibitors
EC 1.14.99.* (miscellaneous oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor
An EC 1.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.3.1.*).
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.* inhibitor
EC 1.3.1.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.3.1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on CH-CH group of donor with NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.3.1.*) inhibitors
EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.5.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.5.1.*).
EC 1.5.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.5.1.* inhibitor
EC 1.5.1.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.5.1.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.5.1.*) inhibitors
EC 1.5.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 1.9.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme using oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*).
EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.* inhibitor
EC 1.9.3.* inhibitors
oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitor
oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor (EC 1.9.3.*) inhibitors
EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor
An EC 3.6.* (hydrolases acting on acid anhydrides) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any such enzyme that catalyses transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*).
EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.* inhibitor
EC 3.6.3.* inhibitors
acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*) inhibitor
acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances (EC 3.6.3.*) inhibitors
EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor
An EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of an unspecified monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1).
EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.1 inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.1 inhibitors
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors
aryl-4-monooxygenase inhibitor
aryl-4-monooxygenase inhibitors
flavoprotein monooxygenase inhibitor
flavoprotein monooxygenase inhibitors
flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase inhibitor
flavoprotein-linked monooxygenase inhibitors
microsomal P-450 inhibitor
microsomal P-450 inhibitors
microsomal monooxygenase inhibitor
microsomal monooxygenase inhibitors
substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidising) inhibitor
substrate,reduced-flavoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase (RH-hydroxylating or -epoxidising) inhibitors
unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1) inhibitor
unspecific monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.1) inhibitors
unspecific monooxygenase inhibitor
unspecific monooxygenase inhibitors
xenobiotic monooxygenase inhibitor
xenobiotic monooxygenase inhibitors
EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitor
An EC 4.2.* (C-O lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any hydro-lyase (EC 4.2.1.*).
EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyase) inhibitor
EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyase) inhibitors
EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitors
EC 4.2.1.* inhibitor
EC 4.2.1.* inhibitors
hydro-lyase (EC 4.2.1.*) inhibitor
hydro-lyase (EC 4.2.1.*) inhibitors
EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitor
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
plant metabolites
plant secondary metabolites
plant metabolite
An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with one or more steps in a metabolic pathway.
metabolic pathway inhibitor
metabolic pathway inhibitors
pathway inhibitors
pathway inhibitor
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
fungal metabolites
fungal metabolite
Any human metabolite produced by metabolism of a xenobiotic compound in humans.
human xenobiotic metabolites
human xenobiotic metabolite
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
bacterial metabolite
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
E.coli metabolite
E.coli metabolites
Escherichia coli metabolites
Escherichia coli metabolite
A food additive that imparts colour to food. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food colours are from E 100 to E 199, divided into yellows (E 100-109), oranges (E 110-119), reds (E 120-129), blues and violets (E 130-139), greens (E 140-149), browns and blacks (E 150-159), and others (E 160-199).
food coloring
food colorings
food colourings
food colouring
Any protective agent that is able to prevent damage to the heart.
cardioprotective agents
cardioprotective agent
An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of prostaglandin-F synthase (EC 1.1.1.188).
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP(+) 11-oxidoreductase inhibitor
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,11alpha,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoate:NADP(+) 11-oxidoreductase inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.188 inhibitor
EC 1.1.1.188 inhibitors
NADPH-dependent prostaglandin D2 11-keto reductase inhibitor
NADPH-dependent prostaglandin D2 11-keto reductase inhibitors
PGD2 11-ketoreductase inhibitor
PGD2 11-ketoreductase inhibitors
PGF synthetase inhibitor
PGF synthetase inhibitors
PGF2alpha synthetase inhibitor
PGF2alpha synthetase inhibitors
prostaglandin 11-keto reductase inhibitor
prostaglandin 11-keto reductase inhibitors
prostaglandin 11-ketoreductase inhibitor
prostaglandin 11-ketoreductase inhibitors
prostaglandin D2-ketoreductase inhibitor
prostaglandin D2-ketoreductase inhibitors
prostaglandin F synthase inhibitor
prostaglandin F synthase inhibitors
prostaglandin F synthetase inhibitor
prostaglandin F synthetase inhibitors
prostaglandin-D2 11-reductase inhibitor
prostaglandin-D2 11-reductase inhibitors
reductase, 15-hydroxy-11-oxoprostaglandin inhibitor
reductase, 15-hydroxy-11-oxoprostaglandin inhibitors
synthetase, prostaglandin F2alpha inhibitor
synthetase, prostaglandin F2alpha inhibitors
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
H. sapiens metabolite
H. sapiens metabolites
Homo sapiens metabolite
Homo sapiens metabolites
human metabolite
A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the 2-hydroxy group to the 1-amino group of tetracycline. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).
(1S,4aS,11S,11aS,12aS)-3-carbamoyl-1-(dimethylazaniumyl)-4a,5,7,11-tetrahydroxy-11-methyl-4,6-dioxo-1,4,4a,6,11,11a,12,12a-octahydrotetracen-2-olate
tetracycline
tetracycline zwitterion
An organic anion obtained by removal of one of the methylene protons from barbituric acid. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).
2,4,6-trioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-ide
barbiturate
barbiturate(1-)
An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4).
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.4 inhibitors
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitor
N-acetylaminohydrolase inhibitors
acylamidase inhibitor
acylamidase inhibitors
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitor
acylamide amidohydrolase inhibitors
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitor
amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) inhibitors
amidase inhibitor
amidase inhibitors
amidohydrolase inhibitor
amidohydrolase inhibitors
deaminase inhibitor
deaminase inhibitors
fatty acylamidase inhibitor
fatty acylamidase inhibitors
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor
A cationic sphingoid resulting from the protonation of the amino group of L-erythro-sphingosine; major species at pH 7.3.
(2R,3S,4E)-1,3-dihydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-aminium
L-erythro-sphing-4-enine
L-erythro-sphing-4-enine(1+)
L-erythro-sphingosine(1+)
A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container.
food packaging gases
food packaging gas
A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container.
food propellants
food propellant
Any saturated fatty acid anion containing 3 carbons. Formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. Major species at pH 7.3.
fatty acid 3:0
fatty acid anion 3:0
A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
dietary component
dietary components
food components
food component
Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
environmental contaminants
environmental contaminant
A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure.
refrigerants
refrigerant
A toxin used by animals and injected into their victims by a bite or sting.
venoms
venom
An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of any alpha-amino acid; major species at pH 7.3.
an alpha-amino acid
alpha-amino acid zwitterion
Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation.
carbohydrates and derivatives
carbohydrates and their derivatives
carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives
Any metabolite produced by all living cells.
essential metabolite
essential metabolites
fundamental metabolites
fundamental metabolite
Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond.
olefinic compounds
olefinic compound
A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C#C bond.
2,3-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
2,3-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acids
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
Any compound that is added to manufactured materials to inhibit, suppress, or delay the production of flames and so prevent the spread of fire.
flame retardants
flame retardant
Any inorganic anion with a valency of three.
trivalent inorganic anions
trivalent inorganic anion
Any inorganic anion with a valency of two.
divalent inorganic anions
divalent inorganic anion
Any inorganic anion with a valency of one.
monovalent inorganic anions
monovalent inorganic anion
A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.
1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine
Phencyclidine
PCP
fenciclidina
phencyclidine
phencyclidinum
phencyclidine
An animal metabolite produced by arthropods such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps and krill.
crustacean metabolites
crustacean metabolite
A Daphnia metabolite produced by the species Daphnia magna.
Daphnia magna metabolites
Daphnia magna metabolite
A crustacean metabolite produced by the genus of small planktonic arthropods, Daphnia
Daphnia metabolites
Daphnia metabolite
Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.
monochlorobenzenes
Any derivative of a proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, or a side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom.
canonical amino acid derivative
canonical amino acid derivatives
canonical amino-acid derivative
canonical amino-acid derivatives
proteinogenic amino acid derivatives
proteinogenic amino-acid derivative
proteinogenic amino-acid derivatives
proteinogenic amino acid derivative
Any derivative of a non-proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group or carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom.
non-canonical amino acid derivative
non-canonical amino-acid derivatives
non-proteinogenic amino-acid derivatives
non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative
Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.
canonical amino acid
canonical amino acids
proteinogenic amino acids
proteinogenic amino acid
Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism.
non-canonical amino acid
non-canonical amino acids
non-canonical amino-acid
non-canonical amino-acids
non-coded amino acid
non-coded amino acids
non-coded amino-acid
non-coded amino-acids
non-proteinogenic amino acids
non-proteinogenic amino-acid
non-proteinogenic amino-acids
non-proteinogenic amino acid
Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues.
amino acid derivatives
modified amino acids
amino acid derivative
Any L-alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acids
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
pregnane
pregnane
An organic cation obtained by protonation of the amino function of any sphingoid
cationic sphingoids
sphingoid cation
sphingoid cations
cationic sphingoid
Any alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids.
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acids
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino-acid
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino-acids
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.
cardiac glycosides
cardiac glycoside
Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human urine samples.
human urinary metabolites
human urinary metabolite
A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of D-tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of D-tyrosine by a heteroatom.
D-tyrosine derivatives
D-tyrosine derivative
A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of D-phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of D-phenylalanine by a heteroatom.
D-phenylalanine derivatives
D-phenylalanine derivative
A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-phenylalanine by a heteroatom.
L-phenylalanine derivatives
L-phenylalanine derivative
A cationic sphingoid obtained by protonation of the amino group of any 2-amino-1,3-dihydroxysphingoid base.
2-amino-1,3-dihydroxysphingoid base(1+)
a sphingoid base
sphingoid base(1+)
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae.
algal metabolites
algal metabolite
Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples.
human blood serum metabolites
human blood serum metabolite
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a haloacetic acid.
a haloacetate
haloacetate (1-)
haloacetate(1-)
Any antifungal agent used to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals.
anti-fungal drug
anti-fungal drugs
anti-fungal medication
anti-fungal medications
antifungal drugs
antifungal medication
antifungal medications
pharmaceutical fungicide
pharmaceutical fungicides
antifungal drug
Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
allergenic metal
allergenic metals
metal allergens
metal allergen
Any drug which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
allergenic drug
drug allergen
A drug that acts as an antagonist, agonist, reverse agonist, or in some other fashion when interacting with cellular receptors.
receptor modulators
receptor modulator
A carboxylic acic anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any aromatic carboxylic acid. Major species at pH 7.3.
an aromatic carboxylate
aromatic carboxylate