a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
part of
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
has part
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
precedes
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs in
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
contains process
x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
inheres in
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
bearer of
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates in
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
has participant
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has quality
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has role
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
derives from
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
located in
X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000
bounding layer of
during which ends
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
overlaps
A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common
w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type.
has component
process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2.
regulates
x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x
surrounded by
x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary.
adjacent to
temporally related to
ends
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
has input
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.
has output
p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss).
results in developmental progression of
results in formation of
x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs.
has habitat
q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
inheres in part of
A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297)
ecologically related to
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
mereotopologically related to
A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502)
developmentally related to
A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities.
functionally related to
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
has member
output of
formed as result of
This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes
causally related to
p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain
causally upstream of
p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q.
x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y.
A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q.
s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s.
s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w.
A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
causal relation between material entity and a process
entity
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
continuant
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
occurrent
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
independent continuant
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
process
disposition
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
realizable entity
quality
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
specifically dependent continuant
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
role
fiat object
fiat object part
object aggregate
site
object
A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
generically dependent continuant
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
material entity
immaterial entity
anatomical entity
material anatomical entity
An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
A geographical feature associated with water.
A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere.
A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.
A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L).
A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts.
A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass.
An accumulation of water of varying size.
A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort.
A permanent walled and roofed construction.
A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall.
A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate.
An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation.
Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both.
An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood.
A valley that no longer has a surface flow of water. Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain.
A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice.
Soil or rock and included ice or organic material at or below the freezing point of water (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit) for two or more years.
A landform elevated above the surrounding area.
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of solid material, shaped by one or more environmental processes.
Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders.
A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section.
Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees.
That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines.
A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area.
An abiotic mesoscopic feature made of the mineral material of the crust of the Earth.
A biome is an ecosystem to which resident ecological communities have evolved adaptations.
A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass.
An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body.
A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
Soil is an environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms.
A significant accumulation of water which is part of a marine biome.
A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land.
An object which is large enough to be visible to humans, but small enough that humans can handle the object (i.e. transport it, examine it, etc) in its entirety with little to no technological assistance.
obsolete physical object of mesoscopic geological size
The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth.
An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form.
Sediment is an environmental substance comprised of any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bedor bottom of a body of water or other liquid.
Minute solid particles with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Occurs in and may be deposited from, the atmosphere.
Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts.
A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis.
A rock formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously-formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals (e.g. by recrystallisation).
A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water.
Sediment which has increased levels of one or more chemical compounds.
Water which has physicochemical properties that have been determined by the processes occuring in a sea or ocean.
Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of organic compounds.
Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of inorganic compounds.
A portion of soil which is found in a forested area.
A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process).
OBSOLETE A material entity which determines an environmental system.
The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice.
A group of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate (phyllosilicates being a subgroup of silicate minerals) minerals (see clay minerals), that are typically less than 2 micrometres in diameter. Clay consists of a variety of phyllosilicate minerals rich in silicon and aluminium oxides and hydroxides which include variable amounts of structural water.
A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants.
A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products.
obsolete anthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic feature
A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity.
Soil which has little to no water content and in which minerals and other soluble chemical entities have either bonded or become adsorbed to sold particles due to insufficient water availability.
A portion of soil which is found in a grassland.
A portion of environmental material is a fiat object part which forms the medium or part of the medium of an environmental system.
A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings.
Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets.
Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live.
obsolete abiotic mesoscopic physical object
Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar.
A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.
The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths.
The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf.
The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf.
The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath.
The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath.
A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column.
A marine biome which is determined by an ocean.
Particulate material is an environmental material which is composed of microscopic portions of solid or liquid material suspended in another environmental material.
particulate matter
Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules.
A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs.
A desert biome is a terrestrial biome which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation and includes communities adapted to these conditions.
An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system.
A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions.
An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity.
An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration.
Lava is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids which has extruded beyond a planetary crust.
A scrubland which is located in a desert.
A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use.
A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure.
Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water.
An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body.
Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere.
Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally.
Slate is a metamorphic rock which is fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, Slates are derived from clastic sedimentary rocks.
A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions.
Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration.
A layer is a quantity of some material which is spatially continuous, has comparable thickness, and usually covers some surface.
A layer that is part of a marine water body.
An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock.
A high pressure environment is an environment in which all material entities are exposed to a high ratio of force per unit area.
A high temperature environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to increased levels of heat radiation or which have molecules or atoms moving randomly with increased levels of average kinietic energy.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water.
An environment which has a lower temperature than some local or global average.
An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity.
A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes.
An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water.
A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock.
A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body.
An environmental system determined by seawater.
The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence).
A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space.
A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water.
A talus slope is a slope which has a surface layer composed of scree.
An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline.
An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line.
An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude.
A layer which is determined by a form of vegetation.
Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice.
A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein.
A building part is a construction which is part of a building.
A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof.
atmospheric layer
A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow.
boundary layer
A gas that is primarily composed of hydrocarbon molecules.
hydrocarbon gas
A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow.
lentic water body
Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase.
hydrological condensation process
planetary landmass
Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies.
outer space
A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle.
planetary crust
A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition.
planetary structural layer
A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density.
planetary mantle
A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties.
lithosphere
Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles.
magma
A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further.
waste role
Contaminated air is air which has sufficient concentrations of environmental pollutants such that it may adversely affect a given ecosystem.
contaminated air
A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it.
polluted lake
water mass
A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake.
coast
Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity.
hydrological precipitation process
Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid.
condensation process
Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid.
desublimation process
An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population.
habitat
A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems.
land consumption process
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
area of barren land
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous or aerosolised material held in shape by one or more environmental processes.
aeroform
A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely.
gaseous environmental material
A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields.
plasma
An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space.
astronomical body
A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.
planet
An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces.
star
An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space.
astronomical object
A material part of an astronomical body.
astronomical body part
An environmental material which is in a solid state.
solid environmental material
An environmental material which is in a liquid state.
liquid environmental material
A biosphere is a part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact.
biosphere
A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form.
cryosphere
An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet.
hydrosphere
An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere.
pedosphere
A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
crystal
A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice.
water ice crystal
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
area of scrub
A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force.
precipitation process
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
area of developed open space
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceous vegetation
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
area of gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation
A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to a planetary surface.
snowfall
An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition.
natural environment
A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action.
anthropisation
A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals.
terrestrial planet
A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces.
mass liquid flow
A process during which a volume of water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces.
water flow process
A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body.
technosphere
A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.
manufacturing process
An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures.
human-directed construction process
An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities.
environmental system determined by a quality
An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties.
environmental system determined by a material
An environmental system which is determined by a living organism.
environmental system determined by an organism
An environmental system determined by a green plant.
plant-associated environment
An environmental system determined by an animal.
animal-associated environment
A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body.
meteor
A meteor which is primarily composed of water.
hydrometeor
A meteor which is primarily composed of rock.
lithometeor
A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity.
natural lake
A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium.
radiation
A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy.
electromagnetic radiation
An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts.
saline environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil.
soil environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment.
sediment environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol.
aerosol environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol.
saline aerosol environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes.
non-saline aerosol environment
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal.
environment associated with an animal part or small animal
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant.
environment associated with a plant part or small plant
An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids.
meteoroid
A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties.
metallic material
A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed.
particulate matter formation process
An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere.
atmospheric aerosol formation
A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere.
formation of solid particles in an atmosphere
formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere
A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere.
formation of liquid droplets in an atmosphere
formation of liquid particles in an atmosphere
formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere
An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets.
aerosolised liquids
An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles.
aerosolised solids
A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere.
atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol
formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere
formation of solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere
formation of a solid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere
A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere.
atmospheric formation of a liquid aerosol
formation of a liquid aerosol in the atmosphere
formation of liquid droplets from gaseous material in an atmosphere
formation of liquid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere
formation of a liquid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere
An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.
ecosystem
A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium.
gas planet
An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure.
ice
A terrestrial planet which has a surface dominated by hot deserts.
desert planet
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water.
ocean planet
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice.
ice planet
Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide.
carbon dioxide ice
A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by lava, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of lava.
lava planet
A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium.
helium planet
A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet.
volatile astrogeological material
An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium.
astrogeological gas
A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms.
geodiversity
An environment which has its properties and composition largely determined by the presence of a metazoan which lacks a vetebral column and which has a habitat that is found in an aquatic environmental system.
environment associated with an aquatic invertebrate
water surface
The surface layer of a mass of sediment.
sediment surface
An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it.
terrestrial environmental zone
A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities.
anthropised terrestrial environmental zone
An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a marine environment.
marine environmental zone
A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock.
lithification
An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics.
grassland ecosystem
An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star.
stellar radiation
A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm.
visible spectrum stellar radiation
A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm.
ultraviolet stellar radiation
A natural environment which is located on a land mass.
terrestrial natural environment
A natural environment which is within a water body.
aquatic natural environment
forest canopy
A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community.
canopy
An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover.
forest ecosystem
A layer which is primarily composed of some liquid material.
liquid layer
A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid.
solid layer
A solid layer which is primarily composed of some water-based ice.
water ice layer
Dust which is composed primarily of slicon dioxide.
silica dust
Dust which is primarily composed of barium particles.
barium dust
Dust which is primarily composed of hydrated magnesium silicate (talc) particles.
talc dust
Dust which is primarily composed of slate particles.
slate dust
Dust which is primarily composed of kaolinite particles.
kaolin dust
A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested
bush area
An environmental zone which is part of an atmosphere.
atmospheric zone
A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities.
A geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water held in shape or sustained by an environmental process.
A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air.
liquid air-water interface layer
A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid.
liquid surface layer
A surface layer which is composed primarily of solid environmental material.
solid surface layer
A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water.
saline water body
A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged.
advective transport process
An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited.
erosion
A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall.
desert
A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed.
aerosolised particle formation process
A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas.
primary aerosol formation process
An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce.
land conversion process
A process during which an ecosystem - natural or anthropised - is changed by the actions of humans.
anthropogenic ecosystem conversion process
body of liquid
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid material, shaped by one or more environmental processes.
liquid astronomical body part
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous material, shaped by one or more environmental processes.
gaseous astronomical body part
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid or gaseous material, shaped by one or more environmental processes.
fluid astronomical body part
A surface layer where the solid or liquid material of an astronomical body comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space.
surface of an astronomical body
An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product.
radiation from a manufactured product
A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects.
material congelation process
Land which is below the freezing point of water.
frozen land
Soil which is below the freezing point of water.
frozen soil
A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point.
freezing
A freezing process during which liquid water is transformed into water ice.
freezing of water into water ice
A water surface that is part of a water body.
surface layer of a water body
An ecoregion which is located on a landmass.
terrestrial ecoregion
A surface layer which is part of an ocean or sea.
sea surface layer
cryospheric layer
Permafrost which contains inclusions of water-based ice.
ice-bearing permafrost
A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases.
snow accumulation process
A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass.
ice accumulation process
A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass.
snow and ice accumulation process
A object which is composed primarily of water-based snow and ice.
mass of ice and snow
A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere.
formation of solid particles from liquid material in an atmosphere
formation of a solid aerosol from liquid material in an atmosphere
That part of an atmosphere which is composed of gaseous material.
gaseous part of an atmosphere
A solid material which does not have a regularly organised internal structure.
amorphous solid
An aerosol that is suspended in an atmosphere.
atmospheric aerosol
A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol.
aerosol formation process
A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid or gas.
fluid surface layer
A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface.
fluid interface layer
A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid.
fluid layer
A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties.
fluid front
A fluid front which is composed primarily of gaseous material and separates at least two gaseous masses.
gaseous front
A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena.
weather front
An object which is composed of a continuous mass of air.
air mass
A fluid surface layer which is composed primarily of some gaseous material.
gaseous surface layer
A layer which separates two portions of environmental material which possess 1) differing compositions, 2) a discontinuity of some property, or 3) some derivative of some property in a direction normal to the interface.
interface layer
An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material
mass of environmental material
An object which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material
mass of solid material
An object which is composed primarily of a fluid.
fluid mass
mass of fluid
An object which is composed primarily of a gas.
gaseous mass
mass of gas
An object which is composed primarily of a liquid.
liquid mass
mass of liquid
An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity.
mass of compounded environmental materials
A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin.
polar front
mass fluid flow
An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert.
desert ecosystem
A solid astronomical body part which is part of the landmass of that body.
part of a landmass
A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass.
landmass
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in varying quantities.
compound astronomical body part
A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water.
land
aquatic ecosystem
marine ecosystem
terrestrial ecosystem
An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem.
ecosystem process
A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine.
construction
An object which is formed as a result of one or more biological processes and is composed primarily of organic material.
organic object
A biome which is subject to alpine altitudinal conditions.
alpine biome
A biome which is subject to montane altitudinal conditions.
montane biome
A biome which is subject to arid environmental conditions.
arid biome
A process during which one entity loses energy to another entity.
energy transfer process
A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases.
liquid accumulation process
The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air that is part of an atmosphere.
concentration of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere
A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.
Dust which is derived from mineral material.
Dust which is composed of fibrous material.
Dust which is composed primarily of some metallic material.
Dust which is derived from clay material.
fluid environmental material
A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants.
environmental system process
A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.
desertification
A process which occurs within an atmosphere.
atmospheric process
A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land.
A process during which humans apply technology to alter the magnitude, duration, rate, or impact of an environmental process.
anthropogenic modulatory intervention process
An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans.
An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited.
An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant.
A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together.
compaction process
A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases.
material accumulation process
A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location.
material transport process
A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed.
geographic basin
Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor.
marine sediment
A material accumulation process during which solid particles are pulled through a water body by gravitation or centrifugal force and which ends when they settle on a solid surface.
sedimentation in a water body
A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials.
material transformation process
A desublimation process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice.
desublimation of water vapour into ice
A geographic feature which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice.
cryoform
snow mass
A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array.
snowflake
snow crystal
Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant.
chemically contaminated sediment
The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in soil.
concentration of carbon dioxide in soil
The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air.
concentration of carbon dioxide in air
The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in seawater.
concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater
A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil.
soil surface layer
The amount of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material.
environmental material carbon atom amount
amount of carbon atom in environmental material
The amount of a carbon atom when measured in soil.
The amount of a carbon atom when measured in water.
The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material.
environmental material carbon atom concentration
concentration of carbon atom in environmental material
The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in soil.
The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in water.
The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material.
environmental material nitrogen atom amount
amount of nitrogen atom in environmental material
The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil.
The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in water.
The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material.
environmental material nitrogen atom concentration
concentration of nitrogen atom in environmental material
The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil.
The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in water.
The concentration of a chloride when measured in water.
The temperature of some environmental material.
The quality of a environmental system process.
hydrocarbon-based environmental material
An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity.
A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm.
A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm.
The concentration of dioxygen when measured in liquid water.
concentration of dioxygen in liquid water
A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
planned process
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
organism
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts.
A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc).
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average.
The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude.
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter.
A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form.
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure.
An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light.
A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy.
A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.
A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.
A physical quality of a liquid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow.
A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity.
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's length being notably higher than its width.
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation.
An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light.
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of distinct morphology.
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having distinct structure.
A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking distinct structure.
A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an oblique or slanted direction.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable.
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape.
A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape.
A mass which is higher than normal or average.
A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per liter of solution.
A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface.
A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation.
A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid.
A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer.
A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position.
A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc.
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.
A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
The propensity of a material to undergo combustion. Combustion encompasses smouldering and flaming combustion. Combustibility is usually applied to solids.
A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids.
collection of organisms
A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place.
population of organisms
A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members.
ecological community
A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species.
single-species collection of organisms
A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species.
multi-species collection of organisms
A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids.
organismal entity
A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism.
A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant.
An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant.
entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated.
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.