]> Kelly Yang Darrell R. Abernethy Elizabeth Blair Qingping Liu Barry Smith Ling Wan Liwei Wang Keith Burkhart Luca Toldo Jiangan Xie Sydni Joubran Abra Guo "Asiyah" Yu Lin An ontology for the annotation of the adverse event domain. Bingjian Yang Desikan Jagannathan Izabela Birsanescu Edison Ong Mathias Brochhausen OAE: Ontology of Adverse Events OWL-DL Product version Vision Release; 1.1.356 Zuoshuang "Allen" Xiang Yongqun "Oliver" He (YH) Kevin Mo Sydni Joubran 2018-08-31 Meiu Wong Shelley Zhang Sirarat Sarntivijai Rebecca Racz Noemi Garg The Ontology of Adverse Eventsy (OAE) is a biomedical ontology in the domain of adverse events. OAE aims to standardize adverse event annotation, integrate various adverse event data, and support computer-assisted reasoning. OAE is a community-based ontology. Its development follows the OBO Foundry principles. Vaccine adverse events have been used as an initial testing use case. OAE also studies adverse events associated with the administration of drug and nutritional products, the operation of surgeries, and the usage of medical devices, etc. BFO OWL specification label BFO OWL specification label Really of interest to developers only Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. BFO CLIF specification label BFO CLIF specification label Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term~editor preferred label PERSON:Daniel Schober editor preferred term The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) editor preferred label GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred term example of usage example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober example has curation status has curation status OBI_0000281 PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot has curation status definition textual definition textual definition definition definition definition textual definition 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. definition GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. textual definition The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. definition editor note editor note editor note 1 IAO:0000116 editor_note editor_note uberon An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober editor note term editor definition editor term editor 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115. 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people PERSON:Daniel Schober term editor alternative term alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober alternative term definition source definition source Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober definition source formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 curator notes curator note curator note 1 IAO:0000232 curator_notes curator_notes uberon An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note imported from imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot imported from expand expression to expand assertion to elucidation elucidation Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(nl) An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) has associated axiom(fol) An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg has associated axiom(fol) has axiom label Chinese translation YH, JX a chinese translation represents a chinese translation of the existing term. adverse event outcome The AE 'cough AE' has the 'label of AE outcome' of 'cough'; 'infection AE' has the 'label of AE outcom' of 'infection'. an annotation property that represents the label of an adverse event label of adverse event outcome Yongqun Oliver He, Jiangan Hardy Xie has_meddra_id temporal interpretation https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. never in taxon x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL. ?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y Chris Mungall tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves' taxonomic class assertion An assertion that holds between an ontology class and an organism taxon class, which is intepreted to yield some relationship between instances of the ontology class and the taxon. dubious_for_taxon 1 1 RO:0002174 S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T. dubious_for_taxon dubious_for_taxon this relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take time to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost uberon present_in_taxon 1 1 RO:0002175 S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S applicable for taxon present_in_taxon present_in_taxon uberon logical macro assertion https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ShortcutRelations An assertion that involves at least one OWL object that is intended to be expanded into one or more logical axioms. The logical expansion can yield axioms expressed using any formal logical system, including, but not limited to OWL2-DL. logical macro assertion on a class A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a class The domain for this class can be considered to be owl:Class, but we cannot assert this in OWL2-DL logical macro assertion on a property A logical macro assertion whose domain is an IRI for a property logical macro assertion on an object property logical macro assertion on an annotation property is direct form of Chris Mungall relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' external_definition 1 An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000001 external_definition external_definition uberon axiom_lost_from_external_ontology 1 A textual description of an axiom loss in this ontology compared to an external ontology. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000002 axiom_lost_from_external_ontology axiom_lost_from_external_ontology uberon homology_notes 1 Notes on the homology status of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000003 homology_notes homology_notes uberon external_comment 1 An alternate comment for a class taken unmodified from an external source. Note that obo format only allows a single comment for a class, and does not provide a structured means of adding provenance info. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000005 external_comment external_comment uberon implements_design_pattern 1 UBPROP:0000006 implements_design_pattern implements_design_pattern uberon has_relational_adjective 1 UBPROP:0000007 Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'. has_relational_adjective has_relational_adjective uberon taxon_notes 1 Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species. UBPROP:0000008 taxon_notes taxon_notes uberon function_notes 1 Notes on the evolved function of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000009 function_notes function_notes uberon structure_notes 1 Notes on the structure, composition or histology of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000010 structure_notes structure_notes uberon development_notes 1 Notes on the ontogenic development of instances of this class. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000011 development_notes development_notes uberon external_ontology_notes 1 Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000012 external_ontology_notes external_ontology_notes uberon terminology_notes 1 Notes on how lexical conventions regarding this class, in particular any issues that may arise due to homonyny or synonymy. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000013 terminology_notes terminology_notes uberon is count of 1 UBPROP:0000100 is_count_of is_count_of uberon preceding element is 1 A property used in conjunction with repeated_element_number to indicate an axis and directionality along that axis. If P preceding_element_is R, and P is_count_of S, and X P N, and X' P N+1, then it follows that every X R some X', and the class expression [S and R some X' and inv(R) some X] is empty (i.e. X is followed by X', with no intermediates) UBPROP:0000101 preceding_element_is preceding_element_is uberon pharyngeal arch number 1 UBPROP:0000103 gill arch N = PA N-2. the term branchial_arch is ambiguous. pharyngeal_arch_number pharyngeal_arch_number uberon x pharyngeal_arch_number N if and only if (i) x is a pharyngeal arch, and (ii) x is ancestrally pharyngeal arch number N in a series of pharyngeal arches repeated along a antero-posterior axis, with arch_number 1 being the mandibular arch. phalanx number 1 Most land mammals including humans have a 2-3-3-3-3 formula in both the hands (or paws) and feet. Primitive reptiles typically had the formula 2-3-4-4-5, and this pattern, with some modification, remained in many later reptiles and in the mammal-like reptiles. The phalangeal formula in the flippers of cetaceans (marine mammals) is 2-12-8-1 UBPROP:0000105 phalanx_number phalanx_number uberon x phalanx_number N if and only if (i) x is a phalanx, and (ii) x is phalanx number N in a series of phalanges repeated along an prixomo-distal axis, with phalanx_number 1 being the proximalmost phalanx. Note that in humans, the distalmost phalanx has phlanax_number 3, except in ray_number 1, where the distalmost has phalanx_number 2 fma_set_term 1 FMA has terms like 'set of X'. In general we do not include set-of terms in uberon, but provide a mapping between the singular form and the FMA set term UBPROP:0000202 fma_set_term fma_set_term uberon eco subset CUMBO developmental_classification A class that represents an early developmental structure, like a blastocyst. This part of the ontology is undergoing review to remove inappropriate grouping classes. EFO slim derived from the union of EHDAA2 and EMAPA - still to be checked functional_classification Subset consisting of classes creating for grouping purposes A grouping class that depends on an assumption of homology between subclasses classes that have some inconsistency with FMA somewhat fuzzy grouping for analysis purposes, currently composed of something like: liver, heart, skeletal, kidney, bladder, brain, skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines, trachea nose, lungs, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, gonads abstract class brought in to group ontology classes but not informative organs, excluding individual muscles and skeletal elements Phenotype slim Uberon slim - subset that excludes obscure terms and deep compositional terms abstract upper-level terms not directly useful for analysis core classes typically found across vertebrates. one purpose is to create a rough set of terms that could be used to start a new vertebrate AO contributor 1 dc-contributor dc-contributor uberon Description Description An account of the content of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. Source Source A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. subset_property has_alternative_id has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_related_synonym in_subset in_subset shorthand label label label depicted_by 1 foaf-depicted_by foaf-depicted_by uberon part of part of BFO:0000050 part_of part_of uberon Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime a core relation that holds between a part and its whole http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) part_of this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) has part has part BFO:0000051 has_part has_part uberon Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime a core relation that holds between a whole and its part has part has_part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) realized in Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) is realized by realized in realized_in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation realizes Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) preceded_by preceded by BFO:0000062 X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X) is preceded by preceded_by preceded_by takes place after uberon An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by is preceded by preceded by preceded_by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes precedes BFO:0000063 precedes precedes uberon precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. occurs in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs in occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in contains process Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t site of anterior_to 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z BSPO:0000096 anterior_to anterior_to cjm uberon x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer distal_to BSPO:0000097 distal_to distal_to uberon x distal_to y iff x is further along the proximo-distal axis than y, towards the appendage tip. A proximo-distal axis extends from tip of an appendage (distal) to where it joins the body (proximal). dorsal_to BSPO:0000098 dorsal_to dorsal_to uberon x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). posterior_to BSPO:0000099 caudal_to posterior_to posterior_to uberon x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. proximal_to BSPO:0000100 proximal_to proximal_to uberon x proximal_to y iff x is closer to the point of attachment with the body than y. ventral_to BSPO:0000102 uberon ventral_to ventral_to x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). deep_to BSPO:0000107 Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. deep_to deep_to uberon superficial_to BSPO:0000108 Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. superficial_to superficial_to uberon in_left_side_of BSPO:0000120 X in_left_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the left portion. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_left_side_of in_left_side_of uberon in_right_side_of BSPO:0000121 X in_right_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions, X is part_of the right portion. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_right_side_of in_right_side_of uberon in_posterior_side_of BSPO:0000122 X posterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the posterior portion. in_posterior_side_of in_posterior_side_of uberon in_anterior_side_of BSPO:0000123 X anterior_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into two anterior and posterior portions, X is part_of the anterior portion. in_anterior_side_of in_anterior_side_of uberon in_proximal_side_of BSPO:0000124 X proximal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the proximal portion. in_proximal_side_of in_proximal_side_of uberon in_distal_side_of BSPO:0000125 X distal_side_of Y <=> if Y is subdivided into distal and proximal portions, X is part_of the distal portion. in_distal_side_of in_distal_side_of uberon in_lateral_side_of BSPO:0000126 X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of uberon proximalmost_part_of BSPO:0001106 X proximalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the proximal boundary of Y proximalmost_part_of proximalmost_part_of uberon distalmost_part_of BSPO:0001108 X distalmost_part_of Y <=> X is part_of Y and X is adjacent_to the distal boundary of Y distalmost_part_of distalmost_part_of uberon induced_by Yongqun He induced by a preceded_by relation that indicates that one process (e.g., an adverse event) is causally preceded by (induced by) another process (e.g., a medical intervention) and there is a causal relation between these two processes. This relation indicates the existence of a causal chain, meaning many processes may occur in between these two processes. induces the relation indicates that one process (e.g., a medical intervention) induces another process (e.g., an adverse event) and there is a causal relation between these two processes. This relation indicates the existence of a causal chain, meaning many processes may occur in between these two processes. This is an inverse relation of the term "induced_by". YH, AG role_of This is a tentative relation. We need to get this role from another ontology later. Oliver -- BFO 2.0 has this role 'is role of':: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000081 Once we get BFO 2.0, we can replace with this role. Oliver is evidence of This represents a relation between two adverse events AE1 and AE2. However, AE1 may be an evidence of another adverse event AE3, and a dfferent adverse event AE4 may also be an evidence of the same AE2. SS, YH, YL AE1 is_evidence_of AE2 if and only if: given an adverse event instance ae1 that instantiates class AE1 (e.g., electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE) and another adverse event instance ae2 that instantiates class AE2 (e.g., arrhythmia AE), both ae1 and ae2 are adverse events that are clinically observed after a medical intervention (at time t0) on the same patient. The presence of ae1 is supported by priori knowledge of medicine to imply the presence of ae2 with some probability P (P is NOT always 1, thus transitivity does not apply to is_evidence_of relation. AE1 is_evidence_of AE2 and AE2 is_evidence_of AE3 DOES NOT imply AE1 is_evidence_of AE3). The instance ae1 and ae2 are observed or detected at time t1 and t2, respectively. The biological onset time for ae1 or ae2 may occur before t1 or t2. The t1 and t2 can be the same time point or different time points. An electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE is_evidence_of arrhythmia AE; arrhythmia AE is_evidence_of cardiomyopathy AE; fever AE is_evidence_of inflammation AE; fever AE is_evidence_of viral infection AE; plural effusion AE is_evidence_of cardiac disorder AE. has participant quality an object property that represents a relation between a process and a quality, in which the process has a participant that has the quality. An adverse event has a participant quality, such as a hyperkalemia AE has a participatn quality blood potassium increased. Yongqun He This is a shortcut relation of the following full version: 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' ) in: process 'has participant' some (participant 'has quality' some quality) adverse event occurs in a 'occurs in' relation that is applied at the adverse event setting and indicates where an adverse event occurs in. Yongqun He has participant undergoing Yongqun He A shortcut relation that represents the full path of ‘has participant’ some participant that ‘participates in’ some process. adverse event preceded by a specific 'preceded by' object property that has a domain of an adverse event. Yongqun He bearer of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence bearer of bearer_of is bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility has participant Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process has participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has_participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) has quality A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has_quality this apple has quality this red color has role A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has_role this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) location_of RO:0001015 location_of location_of uberon located_in RO:0001025 located_in located_in uberon has boundary RO:0002002 has_boundary has_boundary uberon innervated_by FMA:85999 RO:0002005 dbprop:nerve http://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/issues/detail?id=6 innervated_by innervated_by nerve supply uberon bounding layer of A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. RO:0002007 bounding_layer_of bounding_layer_of uberon before or simultaneous with <= David Osumi-Sutherland Primitive instance level timing relation between events simultaneous_with simultaneous with RO:0002082 Relation between occurrents, shares start and end boundaries. coincides_with is_equal_to simultaneous_with simultaneous_with uberon David Osumi-Sutherland t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) immediately_preceded_by immediately preceded by A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. RO:0002087 X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) directly preceded by immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by is directly preceded by is immediately preceded by starts_at_end_of uberon starts_at_end_of David Osumi-Sutherland X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes ends_at_start_of meets David Osumi-Sutherland X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) starts during David Osumi-Sutherland X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) io happens during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) d during David Osumi-Sutherland ends during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). overlaps http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y innervates RO:0002134 http://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/issues/detail?id=6 innervates innervates uberon continuous_with RO:0002150 continuous_with continuous_with uberon homologous_to RO:0002158 homologous_to homologous_to uberon connected to Binary relationship: x connected_to y if and only if there exists some z such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. Connection does not imply overlaps. RO:0002170 connected_to connected_to uberon connects Binary relationship: z connects x if and only if there exists some y such that z connects x and y in a ternary connected_to(x,y,z) relationship. RO:0002176 connects connects this is currently used for both structural relationships (such as between a valve and the chamber it connects) and abstract relationships (anatomical lines and the entities they connect) uberon attaches_to_part_of RO:0002177 attaches_to_part_of attaches_to_part_of uberon supplies FMA:86003 RO:0002178 arterial supply of relation between an artery and the structure is supplies with blood. source: FMA supplies supplies uberon drains RO:0002179 drains drains drains blood from drains from source: Wikipedia uberon develops_from RO:0002202 develops_from develops_from uberon develops_into RO:0002203 develops_into develops_into uberon surrounded_by RO:0002219 surrounded_by surrounded_by uberon x surrounded_by y iff: x is adjacent to y and for every region r adjacent to x, r overlaps y adjacent_to RO:0002220 adjacent_to adjacent_to uberon x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary surrounds RO:0002221 inverse of surrounded_by surrounds surrounds uberon temporally related to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. starts RO:0002223 Relation between occurrents, shares a start boundary with. starts starts uberon starts with starts with RO:0002224 starts_with starts_with uberon started by x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor Chris Mungall ends RO:0002229 Relation between occurrents, shares an end boundary with. ends ends finishes uberon ends with ends with RO:0002230 ends_with ends_with uberon Chris Mungall finished by x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. has developmental contribution from RO:0002254 has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from uberon developmentally_induced_by RO:0002256 developmentally_induced_by developmentally_induced_by sources for developmentally_induced_by relationships in Uberon: Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) t1 developmentally_induced_by t2 if there is a process of organ induction (GO:0001759) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor tissue type T to T', where T' develops_from T. uberon developmentally preceded by RO:0002258 developmentally_preceded_by developmentally_preceded_by uberon developmentally_replaces RO:0002285 developmentally_replaces developmentally_replaces uberon results in formation of example of usage: every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062); an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. Chris Mungall mereotopologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships has member RO:0002351 has_member has_member uberon attaches_to FMA:85990 RO:0002371 attaches_to attaches_to uberon branching_part_of FMA:85994 RO:0002380 branching_part_of branching_part_of uberon we need to check if FMA branch_of implies part_of. the relation we intend to use here should - for example, see vestibulocochlear nerve has potential to developmentally contribute to RO:0002385 has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to uberon x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to develop into RO:0002387 has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into uberon x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y contributes to morphology of RO:0002433 contributes_to_morphology_of contributes_to_morphology_of uberon composed primarily of RO:0002473 UBREL:0000002 composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of uberon x composed_primarily_of y iff: more than half of the mass of x is made from parts of y existence starts during BFO:0000068 RO:0002488 Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c comes into existing during some s. begins_to_exist_during existence_starts_during existence_starts_during uberon existence starts with RO:0002489 Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c comes into existence at the start of p. existence_starts_with existence_starts_with uberon existence ends during BFO:0000069 RO:0002492 Relation between continuant c and occurrent s, such that every instance of c ceases to exist during some s, if it does not die prematurely. ceases_to_exist_during existence_ends_during existence_ends_during uberon existence ends with RO:0002493 Relation between continuant and occurrent, such that c ceases to exist at the end of p. existence_ends_with existence_ends_with uberon transformation of RO:0002494 transformation_of transformation_of transforms from uberon immediate transformation of RO:0002495 direct_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediate_transformation_of immediately transforms from uberon existence starts during or after RO:0002496 existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after uberon existence ends during or before RO:0002497 existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before uberon has material contribution from RO:0002507 has_material_contribution_from has_material_contribution_from uberon has skeleton A relation between a subdivision of an organism and the single subdivision of skeleton that provides structural support for that subdivision. RO:0002551 has sekeletal support has supporting framework has_skeleton has_skeleton uberon has_branching_part RO:0002569 has_branching_part has_branching_part uberon luminal space of RO:0002572 luminal_space_of luminal_space_of uberon skeleton of RO:0002576 skeleton_of skeleton_of uberon produces RO:0003000 produces produces uberon produced_by RO:0003001 produced_by produced_by uberon anteriorly connected to anteriorly_connected_to uberon x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. channel for carries channel_for uberon channels_from channels_from uberon channels_into channels_into uberon conduit for conduit_for uberon x is a conduit for y iff y passes through the lumen of x. distally connected to distally_connected_to uberon x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. evolved_from Status: experimental evolved_from uberon existence starts and ends during existence_starts_and_ends_during uberon extends_fibers_into extends_fibers_into uberon in_central_side_of X in_central_side Y <=> if Y is subdivided into left and right portions around some median divisor, all parts of X are closer to the median divisor than the outermost lateral sides. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern in_central_side_of uberon posteriorly connected to posteriorly_connected_to uberon x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. protects protects uberon proximally connected to proximally_connected_to uberon x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. subdivision of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision_of uberon transitively anteriorly connected to . transitively_anteriorly_connected_to uberon transitively_connected to transitively_connected_to uberon transitively distally connected to . transitively_distally_connected_to uberon transitively proximally connected to . transitively_proximally_connected_to uberon has size Yongqun He A data property that indicates that a material entity has a particular size. has diameter in cm A 'has size' object property that indicates a material entity of round shape has a diameter of a particular length with the cm (centimeter) unit. A ulcer has a diameter in cm some specific decimal length Yongqun He entity entity BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index continuant continuant Continuant (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) occurrent (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. occurrent Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) independent continuant IndependentContinuant (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) ic a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth temporal region (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] TemporalRegion t-region (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional process Process (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. disposition (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. Disposition (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] disposition If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis realizable entity (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) RealizableEntity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) realizable the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet quality (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] quality Quality (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril specifically dependent continuant (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] (iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004] SpecificallyDependentContinuant A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. sdc the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. Role role (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role object aggregate ObjectAggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container object-aggregate an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. site (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] Manhattan Canyon) site Site a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) object object Object BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 atom b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star generically dependent continuant gdc (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] GenericallyDependentContinuant A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. function (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] Function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar one-dimensional temporal region (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] OneDimensionalTemporalRegion 1d-t-region A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). the temporal region during which a process occurs. material entity material (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. MaterialEntity An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) the undetached arm of a human being immaterial entity immaterial BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 ImmaterialEntity relational quality r-quality (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. RelationalQuality a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) zero-dimensional temporal region (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion 0d-t-region A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary right now temporal instant. the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death. neuropathy A nervous system disease that is located_in nerves or nerve cells. DOID:870 ICD10CM:G62.9 NCI:C4731 SNOMEDCT_US_2018_03_01:193167000 SNOMEDCT_US_2018_03_01:264554005 SNOMEDCT_US_2018_03_01:277317008 SNOMEDCT_US_2018_03_01:277878001 SNOMEDCT_US_2018_03_01:386033004 SNOMEDCT_US_2018_03_01:42658009 UMLS_CUI:C0442874 disease_ontology peripheral neuropathy biological_process Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process biological_process physiological process cell death Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as "apoptotic bodies"); and/or (3) its corpse (or its fragments) have been engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo. GO:0008219 This term should not be used for direct annotation. The only exception should be when experimental data (e.g., staining with trypan blue or propidium iodide) show that cell death has occurred, but fail to provide details on death modality (accidental versus programmed). When information is provided on the cell death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'). Also, if experimental data suggest that a gene product influences cell death indirectly, rather than being involved in the death process directly, consider annotating to a 'regulation' term. accidental cell death biological_process necrosis cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GO:0008151 GO:0009987 GO:0050875 biological_process cell growth and/or maintenance cell physiology cellular physiological process death A permanent cessation of all vital functions: the end of life; can be applied to a whole organism or to a part of an organism. GO:0016265 See also the biological process term 'apoptosis ; GO:0006915'. Wikipedia:Death biological_process single-organism process 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z A biological process that involves only one organism. GO:0044699 biological_process janelomax single organism process single-organism cellular process 2012-12-11T16:56:55Z Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single organism. GO:0044763 biological_process janelomax necrotic cell death A type of cell death that is morphologically characterized by an increasingly translucent cytoplasm, swelling of organelles, minor ultrastructural modifications of the nucleus (specifically, dilatation of the nuclear membrane and condensation of chromatin into small, irregular, circumscribed patches) and increased cell volume (oncosis), culminating in the disruption of the plasma membrane and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Necrotic cells do not fragment into discrete corpses as their apoptotic counterparts do. Moreover, their nuclei remain intact and can aggregate and accumulate in necrotic tissues. GO:0070265 Note that the word necrosis has been widely used in earlier literature to describe forms of cell death which are now known by more precise terms, such as apoptosis. Necrosis can occur in a regulated fashion, involving a precise sequence of signals; in this case, consider annotating to GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or to its more specific child GO:0070266 'necroptotic process'. biological_process cellular necrosis necrosis data item 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum. 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym. 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/ 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers. Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries. JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Chris Stoeckert PERSON: Jonathan Rees a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. data data item information content entity 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ). A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs. OBI_0000142 PERSON: Chris Stoeckert information content entity information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity. textual entity A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc. AR, (IAO call 2009-09-01): a document as a whole is not typically a textual entity, because it has pictures in it - rather there are parts of it that are textual entities. Examples: The title, paragraph 2 sentence 7, etc. MC, 2009-09-14 (following IAO call 2009-09-01): textual entities live at the FRBR (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_Requirements_for_Bibliographic_Records) manifestation level. Everything is significant: line break, pdf and html versions of same document are different textual entities. PERSON: Lawrence Hunter Words, sentences, paragraphs, and the written (non-figure) parts of publications are all textual entities text textual entity hypothesis textual entity 2009/09/28 Alan Ruttenberg. Fucoidan-use-case A textual entity that expresses an assertion that is intended to be tested. Person:Alan Ruttenberg hypothesis textual entity that fucoidan has a small statistically significant effect on AT3 level but no useful clinical effect as in-vivo anticoagulant, a paraphrase of part of the last paragraph of the discussion section of the paper 'Pilot clinical study to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of fucoidan', by Lowenthal et. al.PMID:19696660 adverse event Melanie Courtot and YH: More work is needed on how to restrict the scope of a term to be an 'adverse event', notably regarding temporal association. When is an appropirate time interval between a medical intervention and an adverse event observed? One week, one month, one year, or a lifetime? For some well-studied medical interventions (e.g., administration of many vaccines or drugs), we probably have a general idea. For many new interventions, we don't know much. In OAE, this issue is associated with defining the 'adverse event incubation time'. YH: The current term 'adverse event' is different from the term definition shown in our paper: He Y, Xiang Z, Sarntivijai S, Toldo L, Ceusters W. OAE: a realism-based biomedical ontology for the representation of adverse events. Adverse Event Representation Workshop, International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO), University at Buffalo, NY, July 26-30, 2011. Full lenghth conference proceeding paper. We made the name changing in order to make OAE cover the broader sense of the 'adverse event' which does not assume definite causal effect between an adverse event and a medical intervention. In current definition, the adverse event emphasizes the time association and assumes a likelihood of such a causal association. This term 'adverse event' is stil under the OGMS:pathological bodily process. The 'adverse event' defined in the above paper has now been changed to a new term: 'causal adverse event'. See more information in the new publication: Yongqun He Y, Sirarat Sarntivijai, Yu Lin, Zuoshuang Xiang, Abra Guo, Shelley Zhang, Desikan Jagannathan, Luca Toldo, Cui Tao and Barry Smith. OAE: The Ontology of Adverse Events. Journal of Biomedical Semantics. 2014, 5:29 doi:10.1186/2041-1480-5-29. PMID: 25093068.PMCID: PMC4120740. YH: In development of OAE, we initially use vaccine adverse event as our use case. A vaccine adverse event is associated with a vaccination (i.e. a medical intervention), regardless of whether it is considered vaccine-related, and includes any side effect, injury, toxicity, or sensitivity reaction or significant failure of immunization (i.e., a pharmacologic action). Ref: Baylor NW and Midthum K. Regulation and testing of vaccines. In: Vaccines (Editors: Plotkin S, Orenstein W, and Offit P). 2008. p1623. AE YH: There has been discussion regarding whether the term 'side effect' is an alternative term for 'adverse event'. In AERO, the term 'AERO:adverse event' represents a subset of those adverse events for which causality has been established. In OAE, an adverse event for which causality has been established is called 'causal adverse event'. a pathological bodily process that occurs after a medical intervention. An adverse event is likely caused by the medical intervention; however, such a causal association is not required to be an adverse event. YH: The main scope of OAE includes: (1) represent terms and relations in the area of adverse events, (2) assess possible associations between an adverse event and a medical intervention, particularly, identify any causal effect of a medical intervention to an adverse event; and (2) understand the mechanism (including molecular mechanisms) of causal adverse events. WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25093068 The OAE official website is: http://www.oae-ontology.org/. WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm adverse reaction YH: An adverse event is a process that has specified output of some adverse medical outcome (e.g., symptom, sign or accident) after a medical intervention (or process) (e.g., administration of drug or vaccine). The medical intervention can be an administration of a drug, a vaccine (i.e., vaccination), or a special nutritional product (for example, dietary supplement, infant formula, medical food), surgery, or usage of a medical device. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_event YH: An adverse event is possibly induced by the medical intervention. It can be caused by the medical intervention, or may not be caused by the medical intervention. One ultimate goal (or the goal in clinics) of study adverse events is to assess if the adverse event outcome is due to the medical intervention. Yongqun He medical intervention medical intervention is a planned process that has the goal of diagnosing, preventing or relieving illness or injury. The act of intervening, interfering or interceding with the intent of modifying the outcome. In medicine, an intervention is usually undertaken to help treat or cure a condition. For example, "Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely practiced in the United States," Reference: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=34214 . Some interventions can be used for diagnosis. YH WEB: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_medical_intervention causal adverse event He Y, Xiang Z, Sarntivijai S, Toldo L, Ceusters W. OAE: a realism-based biomedical ontology for the representation of adverse events. Adverse Event Representation Workshop, International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO), University at Buffalo, NY, July 26-30, 2011. Full lenghth conference proceeding paper. adverse effect an adverse event which is a causal adverse event, a pathological bodily process that is induced by a medical intervention. YH YH: the term "adverse effect" has the same meaning of "causal adverse event". YH: The term 'causal adverse event' has the same meaning as we previously defined as 'adverse event'. Reference: He Y, Xiang Z, Sarntivijai S, Toldo L, Ceusters W. OAE: a realism-based biomedical ontology for the representation of adverse events. Adverse Event Representation Workshop, International Conference on Biomedical Ontologies (ICBO), University at Buffalo, NY, July 26-30, 2011. Full lenghth conference proceeding paper. We made the name changing as a way to make OAE cover the broader sense of the 'adverse event' which does not assume definite causal effect between an adverse event and a medical intervention. vaccine adverse event an adverse event that occurs after a vaccination. YH adverse drug event adverse drug reaction an adverse event that occurs after a drug administration YH, JX ADE ADR drug adverse event medical device adverse event an adverse event that is associated with the usage of a medical device. YH medical food adverse event an adverse event that is associated with eating a medical food. YH nutritional product adverse event YH an adverse event that is induced by consuming a nutritional product. dietary supplement adverse event an adverse event that is associated with consuming a dietary supplement. YH infant formula adverse event YH an adverse event that is associated with consuming an infant formula. drug administration a medical intervention where a patient is administered with a drug YH medical device usage for medical intervention YH a medical intervention that uses a medical device nutritional product usage consumption of nutritional product YH a medical intervention that uses a nutritional product dietary supplement consumption YH a nutritional product usage that consumes a dietary supplement consumption of infant formula a nutritional product usage that consumes infant formula YH consumption of medical food YH a nutritional product usage that consumes medial food X-ray result abnormal AE 10048065 an imaging investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal X-ray SS, YH, EB chest X-ray abnormal AE 10008499 SS, YH an X-ray result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormality in chest X-ray test contusion AE 10050584 a haematoma AE that has an outcome of contusion. SS, YH Contusion is a type of relatively minor hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding interstitial tissues. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruise dry throat AE 10013789 SS, YH a digestive system AE which has an outcome of dry throat, which is a sensation of dryness in the throat. flushing AE 10016825 a skin discoloration AE which has an outcome of flushing, a sudden reddening of the face, neck, or upper chest SS, YH HPO: HP_0001033 SIDER: C0016382 脸红 CTCAE:E13771 NCIt:C26775 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003241.htm pain in extremity AE 10033425 CTCAE: E12512 SIDER: C0030196 NCIt: C78515 a pain AE where the pain reachs an extreme level. SS, YH, MW HPO: HP_0009763 postnasal drip AE 10036402 CTCAE: E13514 PDN NCIt: C78566 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-nasal_drip Upper Airway Cough Syndrome SS, YH UACS a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of postnasal drip, which occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal Mucosa. The excess mucus accumulates in the throat or back of the nose. cardiorenal syndrome AE 10068230 CRS a syndrome AE that is subclassified as five defined entities which represent clinical circumstances in which both the heart and the kidney are involved in a bidirectional injury and dysfunction via a final common pathway of cell-to-cell death and accelerated apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress. Types 1 and 2 involve acute and chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD) scenarios leading to acute kidney injury or accelerated chronic kidney disease. Types 2 and 3 describe acute and chronic kidney disease leading primarily to heart failure, although it is possible that acute coronary syndromes, stroke, and arrhythmias could be CVD outcomes in these forms of CRS. Finally, CRS type 5 describes a simultaneous insult to both heart and kidneys, such as sepsis, where both organs are injured simultaneously. WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030731/ SS, YH bursitis AE bursa inflammation SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001456/ A bursal disorder AE that has an outcome of the symptom of bursitis. musculoskeletal or connective tissue AE 10028395 an adverse event that has an outcome of abnormal sign in a musculoskeletal or connective tissue. YH, RR, JX WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/msd/ musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorder AE A musculoskeletal disorder is an injury or disorder of the muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, or supporting structures of the upper or lower limbs, neck, or lower back that are caused, precipitated, or exacerbated by sudden exertion or prolonged exposure to physical factors such as repetition, force, vibration, or awkward posture CTCAE: E13872 causal adverse event hypothesis CAE hypothesis YH a hypothesis about the causal relation between an adverse event and a medical intervention. This term can be used to hypothesize and evaluate the relation between a medical intervention (e.g., drug, vaccination) and case reports from an adverse event reporting system (e.g., VAERS). A statistical test can be used to accept or reject the hypothesis. bursal disorder AE a musculoskeletal system AE which has an outcome of bursal disorder YH influenza vaccine-induced adverse event YH YH: This term is just used as an example of vaccine induced adverse events. Specific vaccine-associated and vaccine-induced adverse events are now represented with the Ontology of Vaccine Adverse Events (OVAE).: http://www.violinet.org/ovae/. a vaccine adverse event that is induced by an influenza vaccine. KIV-induced adverse event an influenza vaccine adverse event that is induced by a killed influenza vaccine (KIV). YH KIV-induced GBS averse event in 1976-1977 VAERS statistical data analysis YH A KIV-induced AE that results in a GBS. There is little evidence to support a causal association between GBS and most vaccines. The evidence for a causal association is strongest for the swine influenza vaccine that was used in 1976-77. Studies of influenza vaccines used in subsequent years, however, have found small or no increased risk of GBS. Reference: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=19388722. Afluria-induced muscle ache AE WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM220730.pdf a muscle pain AE that is induced by Afluria influenza vaccine administration YH fatigue AE 10016256 10024264 SS, YH, MW NCIt: C3036; NCIt: C78416 CTCAE: E11098 (fatigue); CTCAE: E12709 (lethargy) lethargy AE HPO: HP_0003388 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue_%28medical%29 lethargy is sometimes reported as an extreme fatigue: http://the-difference-between.com/lethargy/fatigue they are sometimes regarded as synonyms: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003088.htm SIDER: C0015672 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of fatigue, which is a state of awareness describing a range of afflictions, usually associated with physical and/or mental weakness, though varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work-induced burning sensation within one's muscles. Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities. CSF culture negative AE SS, YH, EB a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of CSF culture negative. The negative result means no bacteria, viruses, or fungi grew in the laboratory dish. YH: The negative result is normal. It is not an AE. blood cell lab test abnormal AE SS, YH a lab test abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal result in a blood cell lab test eosinophil percentage increased AE 10052222 YH, EB an eosinophil percentage abnormal AE that has an outcome of increased eosinophil percentage myocardial infarction AE 10028596 a cardiac disorder AE that is characterized by a necrosis of the myocardium caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart SIDER: C0027051 HPO: HP_0001658 SS 心肌梗塞 NCIt: C27996 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68009203 CTCAE: E10152 neutrophil count increased AE 10029368 YH SIDER: NA a neutrophil count abnormal AE that has an outcome of increased neutrophil count HPO: HP_0011991 procedural complication AE SS, YH post-procedural AE an adverse event that shows a complication that occurs after a medical procedure and is directly related to the precedure itself. procedural disorder AE procedure AE injury AE 10022116 SS, YH an injury and procedural complication AE which has an outcome of injury head injury AE 10019196 SS, YH an injury AE which has an outcome of head injury social behavior AE a behavior and neurological AE that has an abnormal outcome in social behavior SS, YH impaired work ability AE SS, YH a social behavior AE that has an outcome of impaired work ability injection-site allergic reaction AE 10022095 an allergy AE which has an outcome of injection-site allergic reaction myelitis transverse AE 10028527 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_myelitis SS, YH a myelitis AE which has an outcome of myelitis transverse. Transverse myelitis (in Latin nomenclature: myelitis transversa) is a neurological disorder caused by an inflammatory process of the spinal cord, and can cause axonal demyelination. skin warm AE SS, YH a skin adverse even that has an outcome of warm skin nystagmus AE 10029864 眼球震颤 CTCAE:E12748 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus JX, LW, YH NCIt:C3282 Nystagmus AE is an eye AE that is a condition of involuntary eye movement, acquired in infancy or later in life, that may result in reduced or limited vision. Due to the involuntary movement of the eye, it is often called "dancing eyes". dermatitis bullous AE 10012441 HPO: HP_0011123 SS, YH SIDER: C0085932 Bullous pemphigoid is a skin disorder characterized by large blisters. a dermatitis AE that has an outcome of dermatitis bullous bullous pemphigoid AE hot flushes AE 10020407 HPO: HP_0008209 hot flashes AE hot flash AE hot flush AE SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0600142 a skin adverse event that is characterized by an uncomfortable and temporary sensation of intense body warmth, flushing, sometimes accompanied by sweating upon cooling. NCIt: C3109 CTCAE: E13781 Afluria-induced adverse event YH a KIV-induced adverse event that has an outcome of Afluria-induced adverse event tumor AE 10026865 YH, RR an adverse event that results in the outcome of a tumor. nodule AE tumour AE mass AE wheezing AE 10047924 NCIt:C78718 SS, YH, MW CTCAE:E13605 a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of wheezing, a high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing. WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/wheezing/basics/definition/sym-20050764 weight bearing difficulty AE a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of weight bearing difficulty SS, YH weight bearing difficulty is a behavior AE that results in difficulty in managing the amount of weight a patient puts on the leg on which surgery has been performed. In general, it is described as a percentage of the body weight, because each leg of a healthy person carries the full body weight when walking, in an alternating fashion. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight-bearing contraindication Yongqun He, Sirarat Sarntivijai, Mathias Brochhausen, William Hogan, ‎Philip E. Empey A contraindication is a disposition that increases the risk of harm involved in using a particular drug, carrying out a medical procedure, or engaging in a particular activity such that the risk of harm exceeds a threshold. An contraindication serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraindication incorrect drug dose administration a drug administration that uses incorrect drug dose YH Afluria-induced fever AE in child an Afluria-induced adverse event that has an outcome of Afluria-induced fever in child WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM220730.pdf YH Afluria-induced cough AE in child YH an Afluria-induced adverse event that has an outcome of Afluria-induced cough in child WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM220730.pdf Afluria-induced injection site pain AE an Afluria-induced adverse event which has an outcome of Afluria-induced injection site pain YH WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM220730.pdf Afluria-induced injection site redness AE an Afluria-induced adverse event that has an outcome of Afluria-induced injection site redness YH WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM220730.pdf Afluria-induced inject site swelling AE WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM220730.pdf YH an Afluria-induced AE that has an outcome of Afluria-induced inject site swelling Afluria-induced headache AE YH WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM220730.pdf an Afluria-induced adverse event that has an outcome of Afluria-induced headache systematic AE an adverse event that occurs systematically throughout the systemic circulation. This is different from local adverse event that is limited or a certain location. systematic adverse event URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction YH, JX pregnancy AE prenatal AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_diagnosis YH, JX WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complications_of_pregnancy A pregnancy, neonatal and perinatal AE that displays a disorder associated with pregnancy. adverse event incubation time a temporal interval that starts at the time a medical intervention occurs and ends at the time an adverse event outcome appears. This is the time = 'time instant of an adverse event outcome observed' - 'time instant of medical intervention'. YH, XZ surgery AE a procedure complication AE that occurs after a surgery. surgery adverse event The key difference between a surgery and a procedure is the need for an incision. Making an incision, or cutting into the skin to gain access to the body’s deeper tissues or organs, is a defining characteristic of surgery. Technically speaking, a surgery is a specific type of procedure. A procedure is a broad general term that refers to any series of pre-defined steps that should be followed to achieve a desired result. Therefore, a “surgical procedure” is synonymous with a “surgery.” See more: http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-the-difference-between-a-surgery-and-a-procedure.htm. YH surgical procedure AE surgery 10042609 Surgery is a medical procedure that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance. The key difference between a surgery and a general procedure is the need for an incision. Making an incision, or cutting into the skin to gain access to the body’s deeper tissues or organs, is a defining characteristic of surgery. WEB: http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-the-difference-between-a-surgery-and-a-procedure.htm YH, SS surgical procedure WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery surgery-induced pressure ulcer AE surgery-induced bedsore AE YH a sugery adverse event that has an outcome of pressure ulcer. surgery-induced decubitus ulcer AE metabolism, endocrine or exocrine system AE 10027433 SS, YH, JX metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE MP: 0005266 an adverse event which occurs in a metabolism process (including anabolism and catabolism), endocrine system, or exocrine system. clinical trial adverse event an adverse event that occurs in clinical trial. YH time at medical intervention YH time instant of medical intervention a termporal instant that is the time when a medical intervention occurs. time instant of an adverse event outcome observed YH a temporal instant that is the time when an outcome of an adverse event (e.g., fever) is observed. LAIV-induced adverse event an influenza vaccine adverse event that is induced by a live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). YH FluMist-induced adverse event WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM123743.pdf an LAIV-induced adverse event that is caused by the FluMist LAIV. YH FluMist-induced runny nose AE a FluMist-induced adverse event that has an outcome of FluMist-induced runny nose YH FluMist-induced nasal congestion AE YH a FluMist-induced AE that has an outcome of FluMist-induced nasal congestion clinical laboratory test Rebecca Racz, Yongqun He WEB: http://labmed.ascpjournals.org/content/40/2/105.full medical laboratory test a planned process that is specifically a test conducted in a clinical laboratory. FluMist-induced sore throat AE in adult YH WEB: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/ApprovedProducts/UCM123743.pdf A FluMist-induced AE that has an outcome of sore throat benign tumor AE YH a tumore AE that results in the outcome of a benign tumor. malignant tumor AE YH a tumore AE that results in the outcome of a malignant tumor. discomfort AE HPO: HP_0010832 a sensory capability AE that resuls in an uncomfortable feeling. YH SIDER: C0234215 female reproductive system AE 10038604 YH a reproductive system AE that occurs on the female side. male reproductive system AE a reproductive system AE that occurs on the male side. YH cardiac disorder AE 10007541 10061024 HPO: HP_0001627 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has a cardiac disorder outcome. SS, YH SIDER: C0018799 WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/heart+disease Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091623 vascular disorder AE 10047065 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has a vascular disorder outcome dermatitis AE 10012431 SIDER: C0011603 SS, YH HPO: HP_0011123 a skin adverse event that results in an inflammation of skin aspirin-induced adverse event a drug adverse event that is induced by aspirin. YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm Aspidrox-induced adverse event an aspirin-induced adverse event that is induced by the aspirin drug Aspidrox. aspirin-induced nausea AE YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of nausea aspirin-induced vomiting AE an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of vomiting YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm aspirin-induced stomach pain AE YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of stomach pain aspirin-induced heartburn AE an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of heartburn YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm aspirin-induced rash AE an aspirin-induced adverse event that has an outcome of rash symptom. YH WEB: http://www.consumerreports.org/health/prescription-drugs/aspirin/while-taking.htm therapeutic intervention a medical intervention that is used for therapeutic purpose YH causal adverse drug event YH a drug adverse event that is caused by a drug adiministration. Here a causal effect is established between the drug administration and the adverse event. adverse event induced by medical device a medical device adverse event that is induced by a medical device. There is a causal relation between the adverse event and the usage of a medical device. YH vaccine-induced adverse event an adverse event that is induced by a vaccination. YH surgery-induced adverse event a surgery adverse event that is caused by a surgery. YH nutritional product-induced adverse event YH a nutritional product adverse event that has a causal assocition with the usage of the nutritional product. influenza like illness AE 10016791 influenza like illness AE is an adverse event that has an outcome of a medical diagnosis of possible influenza or other illness causing a set of common symptoms acute respiratory infection, ARI, flu-like syndrome HPO: HP_0005376 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza-like_illness SS, YH MDR: 10022004 SIDER: C0521839 prediction of causal adverse event YH a prediction process that allows prediction of a causal adverse event induced by a medical intervention. prediction of causal vaccine adverse event a prediction of causal adverse event that is induced by a vaccination. YH fungal infection AE 10017533 HPO: HP_0002841 SIDER: C0026946 a pathogen infection adverse event that has an outcome of a fungal infection. YH prediction of causal drug adverse event YH a prediction of causal adverse event that is induced by a drug administration. prediction of causal medical device adverse event a prediction of causal adverse event that is induced by a usage of a medical device. YH prediction of causal surgery adverse event a prediction of causal adverse event that is induced by a surgery operation. YH determination of causal adverse event YH a planned process that leads to the identification of a causal relation between an existing adverse event and a medical intervention. determination of causal vaccine adverse event an identification of causal adverse event that is induced by a vaccination. YH determination of causal drug adverse event an identification of causal adverse event that is induced by a drug administration. YH determination of causal surgery adverse event YH an identification of causal adverse event that is induced by a surgery. determination of causal medical device adverse event YH an identification of causal adverse event that is induced by a usage of a medical device. intrinsic factor of causal adverse event an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is a determinant factor for the outcome of a causal adverse event. YH extrinsic factor of causal adverse event an extrinsic factor of adverse event that is a determinant factor for the outcome of a causal adverse event. YH extrinsic factor of adverse event a role that is extrinsic to a patient and is associated with an adverse event. No causal effect between this factor and the adverse event is assumed. Examples include environment, diet, smoking, alcohol use, herbal product, drug-drug interaction. YH intrinsic factor of adverse event YH a role that is intrinsic to a patient and is associated with an adverse event. No causal effect between this factor and the adverse event is assumed. Examples include: age, race, organ dysfunction, disease, pregrancy, lactation, gender, and genetics. environment factor of adverse event YH an extrinsic factor of adverse event that is from environment. age factor of adverse event YH an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the age of a patient. race factor of adverse event YH an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the race of a patient. gender factor of adverse event an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the gender of a patient. YH organ dysfunction factor of adverse event an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the organ dysfunction of a patient. YH disease factor of adverse event YH an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is a disease of a patient. pregrancy factor of adverse event YH an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the pregrancy of a patient. lactation factor of adverse event an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the lactation of a patient. YH genetics factor of adverse event an intrinsic factor of adverse event that is the genetics of a patient. YH adverse event reporting a planned process that reports an adverse event. YH vaccine adverse event reporting YH an adverse event reporting that is to report a vaccine adverse event. drug adverse event reporting YH an adverse event reporting that is to report a drug adverse event. causality of adverse event YH adverse event causality a quality that represents the level of causality between a medical intervention and an adverse event outcome. definite AE causality YH a causality level of AE that is definite. probable AE causality a causality level of AE that is probable. YH doubtful AE causality YH a causality level of AE that is doubtful. doubtful causality of adverse event possible AE causality a causality level of AE that is possible. Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 20. YH potential causality of adverse event possible causality of adverse event medical device adverse event reporting YH an adverse event reporting that is to report a medical device adverse event. surgery adverse event reporting an adverse event reporting that is to report a surgery adverse event. YH determination of causal drug adverse event by Naranjo criteria S.R. Ahmed. Adverse drug event monitoring at the Food and Drug Administration. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 18 (2003) 57-60. YH an identification of causal drug adverse event that is based on the Naranjo criteria. determination of causal drug adverse event by DIPS J. R. Horn, P. D. Hansten, and L Chan. Proposal for a new tool to evaluate drug interaction cases. The Annals of Pharmocotherapy. 2007 April, Volume 41. Page 674-680. an identification of causal drug adverse event that is based on the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS). The DIPS uses a series of questions relating to the potential drug interaction to estimate a probability score. As a comparison, the Naranjo scale has proved to be useful for assessing the causality of adverse events, particularly for single-drug adverse drug reactions. DIPS involves in two drugs: the drug that is affected (object drug) and the drug that causes the change to the object drug (precipitant drug). YH DIPS question J. R. Horn, P. D. Hansten, and L Chan. Proposal for a new tool to evaluate drug interaction cases. The Annals of Pharmocotherapy. 2007 April, Volume 41. Page 674-680. YH an information content entity that lists one of 10 questions for the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS). DIPS question 1 DIPS question 1: Are there previous credible reports of this interaction in humans? YH Three answers: Yes (+1), No (-1), and Unk or NA (0) DIPS question 2 YH Three answers: Yes (+1), No (-1), and Unk or NA (0) DIPS question 2: Is the observed interaction consistent with the known interactive properties of precipitant drug? DIPS question 3 DIPS question 3: Is the observed interaction consistent with the known interactive properties of object drug? YH Three answers: Yes (+1), No (-1), and Unk or NA (0) DIPS question 4 DIPS question 4: Is the event consistent with the known or reasonable time course of the interaction (onset and/or offset)? Three answers: Yes (+1), No (-1), and Unk or NA (0) YH DIPS question 5 YH DIPS question 5: Did the interaction remit upon dechallenge of the precipitant drug with no change in the object drug? (if no dechallenge, use Unknown or NA and skip Question 6) Three answers: Yes (+1), No (-2), and Unk or NA (0) DIPS question 6 YH Three answers: Yes (+2), No (-1), and Unk or NA (0) DIPS question 6: Did the interaction reappear when the precipitant drug was readministered in the presence of continued use of object drug? DIPS question 7 YH DIPS question 7: Are there reasonable alternative causes for the event? Three answers: Yes (-1), No (+1), and Unk or NA (0) aConsider clinical conditions, other interacting drugs, lack of adherence, risk factors (eg, age, inappropriate doses of object drug). A NO answer presumes that enough information was presented so that one would expect any alternative causes to be mentioned. When in doubt, use Unknown or NA designation. DIPS question 8 DIPS question 8: Was the object drug detected in the blood or other fluids in concentrations consistent with the proposed interaction? Three answers: Yes (+1), No (0), and Unk or NA (0) YH DIPS question 9 DIPS question 9: Was the drug interaction confirmed by any objective evidence consistent with the effects on the object drug (other than drug concentrations from question 8)? YH Three answers: Yes (+1), No (0), and Unk or NA (0) DIPS question 10 DIPS question 10: Was the interaction greater when the precipitant drug dose was increased or less when the precipitant drug dose was decreased? Three answers: Yes (+1), No (-1), and Unk or NA (0) YH DIPS score Score: Highly Probable: >8 Probable: 5–8 Possible: 2–4 Doubtful: <2 Drug Interaction Probability Scale Yongqun He Horn JR, Hansten PD, Chan LN. Proposal for a new tool to evaluate drug interaction cases. Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Apr;41(4):674-80. PMID: 17389673. an AE causality score that is represented as a score of the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS). Naranjo criterium Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM et al. (1981). "A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 30 (2): 239–45. doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.154. PMID 7249508. YH WEB: http://livertox.nih.gov/Narajo.html one of the Naranjo criteria that are frequently used for determination of causality for suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Naranjo criterium 1 Three answers: Yes (+1), No (0), and Don't Know (0) YH DIPS question 1: Are there previous conclusive reports on this reaction? Naranjo criterium 2 DIPS question 2: Did the adverse reaction appear after the suspected drug was administered? Three answers: Yes (+2), No (-1), and Don't Know (0) YH Naranjo criterium 3 YH Three answers: Yes (+1), No (0), and Don't Know (0) DIPS question 3: Did the adverse reaction improve when the drug was discontinued or a specific antagonist was administered? Naranjo criterium 4 YH DIPS question 4: Did the adverse reaction reappear when the drug was readministered? Three answers: Yes (+2), No (-1), and Don't Know (0) Naranjo criterium 5 Three answers: Yes (-1), No (+2), and Don't Know (0) DIPS question 5: Are there alternative causes that could on their own have caused the reaction? YH Naranjo criterium 6 YH Three answers: Yes (-1), No (+1), and Don't Know (0) DIPS question 6: Did the reaction reappear when a placebo was given? Naranjo criterium 7 DIPS question 7: Was the drug detected in the blood (or other fluids) in concentrations known to be toxic? YH Three answers: Yes (+1), No (0), and Don't Know (0) Naranjo criterium 8 YH Three answers: Yes (+1), No (0), and Don't Know (0) DIPS question 8: Was the reaction more severe when the dose was increased or less severe when the dose was decreased? Naranjo criterium 9 Three answers: Yes (+1), No (0), and Don't Know (0) YH DIPS question 9: Did the patient have a similar reaction to the same or similar drug in any previous exposure? Naranjo criterium 10 Three answers: Yes (+1), No (0), and Don't Know (0) YH DIPS question 10: Was the adverse event confirmed by any objective evidence? Naranjo ADR probability score Yongqun He a score of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scaling SCORING: ≥9 = definite; 5–8 = probable; 1–4 = possible; ≤0 = doubtful WEB: http://livertox.nih.gov/Narajo.html Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM et al. (1981). "A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 30 (2): 239–45. doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.154. PMID 7249508. causal adverse event probability an adverse event causal association score that represents a probability that an adverse event is caused (induced) by a medical intervention. CAE probability YH For an adverse event this is likely caused by a medical intervention, the causal adverse event (CAE) probabllity is in between 0 and 1. For a known causal adverse event, the CAE probabllity is 1. Alternatively, a CAE probability can be described as a scale that can go beyond the 0-1 range. For example, the Naranjo ADR probabililty score is a score that use scale with a wide range. sensory neuropathy AE a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of sensory neuropathy that involves damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system. sensory neuropathy AE YH, AG distal sensory neuropathy AE a sensory neuropathy AE which has an outcome of distal sensory neuropathy that involves damage to distal sensory nerves of the peripheral nervous system. YH, AG chronic distal sensory neuropathy AE a distal sensory neuropathy AE that is chronic. YH, AG drug-induced neuropathy AE AG, YH a neuropathy AE that is induced by a drug administration https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000700.htm tremor AE 10044565 SS, YH SIDER: C0040822 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tremor.html NCIt: C38038 HPO: HP_0001337 CTCAE: E12837 Tremor AE is a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of an involuntary trembling or quivering, and muscle contraction and relaxation. autonomic neuropathy AE 10061666 SIDER: C0259749 a neuropathy AE which shows symptoms due to the damage to the autonomic nerves. This damage disrupts signals between the brain and portions of the autonomic nervous system, such as the heart, blood vessels and sweat glands. This can cause decreased or abnormal performance of one or more involuntary body functions. WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy HPO: HP_0002270 UMLS CUI: C0259749 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autonomic-neuropathy/basics/definition/con-20029053 AG, YH motor neuropathy AE a peripheral neuropathy AE which is caused by a damage to motor neurons AG, YH polyneuropathy AE 10036105 WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain_spinal_cord_and_nerve_disorders/peripheral_nerve_disorders/polyneuropathy.html AG, YH, RR SIDER: C0152025 A peripheral neuropathy AE which is characterized by damage to more than one nerve HPO: HP_0001271 mononeuropathy AE 10062203 AG, YH a neuropathy AE which is characterized by isolated damage of a single nerve distal neuropathy AE AG, YH a peripheral neuropathy AE which affects extremities, such as, toes, fingers, hand and feet. axonal neuropathy AE WEB: http://www.livestrong.com/article/184686-distal-neuropathy-symptoms/ neuronopathy AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922643/ AG, YH a nervous system AE that affects the neuronal cell body mononeuritis AE 10027910 A neuritis AE which has an outcome of mononeuritis characterized by isolated inflammation of one nerve. AG, YH polyneuritis AE AG, YH A neuritis AE which has an outcome of polyneuritis characterized by isolated inflammation of many nerves. mononeuritis multiplex AE AG, YH a mononeuritis AE which has an outcome of mononeuritis multiplex which involves damage to at least two seperate unrelated nerve area. acute sensory neuropathy AE AG, YH a sensory neuropathy AE which has an outcome of acute sensory neuropathy that is characterized by rapid onset AE risk factor a disposition that represents a risk factor associated with the occurrence of an adverse event. AG, YH AE incidence rate AG, YH WEB: http://www.crilifetree.com/pdfs/drug-safety/long-term-safety-study-of-morphine-sulfate-and-naltrexone-hydrochloride.pdf A data item that is calculated as the number of patients realized with an adverse event beginning in an interval divided by the number of patients taking the same medical intervention within the same interval. The incidence thus indicates the number of newly occurring events over time. causal adverse drug event due to drug-drug interaction 10013710 YH, LT WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+interaction a causal adverse drug event that is induced by a drug-drug interaction. causal adverse drug event due to food-drug interaction a causal adverse drug event that is induced by a food-drug interaction. YH, LT causal adverse drug event due to genetic predisposition a causal adverse drug event that is induced bygenetic predisposition. YH, LT causal adverse drug event due to SNP a causal adverse drug event due to genetic predisposition that is specifically induced by SNP. YH, LT circulatory shock AE 10040560 physiological shock AE Here is the Kumar and Parrilo definition of shock: "The state in which profound and widespread reduction of effective tissue perfusion leads first to reversible, and then if prolonged, to irreversible cellular injury". Reference: Kumar A, Parillo JE. Shock: pathophysiology, classification and approach to management. In: Parrillo JE, Parrillo JE, Bone RC (eds): Critical care medicine: Principles of diagnosis and management. Mosby: Toronto, 1995, pp 371-420. 休克 a cardiovascular disorder AE that is a result of insufficient blood flow throughout the body. Shock often accompanies severe injury or illness. WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000039.htm shock WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_%28circulatory%29 WEB: http://njcc.nl/sites/default/files/pdf/review-2_1.pdf (Lima A. Circulatory shock and peripheral circulatory failure: a historical perspective. Netherlands Journal of Critical Care. 2014. 18:6. 14-18) Circulatory shock is not related to the emotional state of shock. dementia AE 10012272 HPO: HP_0000726 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of a loss of brain function and causes a long term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember such that a person's daily functioning is affected. 痴呆 Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases or pathological processes. YH, MW SIDER: C0497327 thrombosis AE 10043607 SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0040053 HPO: HP_0004419 血栓症; 血栓生成 A vascular disorder AE that results in the presence of blood clot along the wall of a blood vessel, frequently causing vascular obstruction. Some authorities differentiate thrombus formation from simple coagulation or clot formation. cell death AE 10057248 HPO: HP_0010885 SIDER: C0007587 SS, YH a metabolic disorder AE that has an outcome of cell death. respiratory tract neoplasm AE 10029107 a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of some respiratory tract neoplasm. YH competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A biochemical inhibitor role YH, AG, YL agonist role WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agonist YH, AG, YL antagonist role In pharmacology, antagonists have affinity but no efficacy for their cognate receptors, and binding will disrupt the interaction and inhibit the function of an agonist or inverse agonist at receptors. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_antagonist YH, AG, YL phlebitis AE 10034879 CTCAE:E13815 SIDER: C0031542 NCIt:C38003 HPO: HP_0004419 an inflammation AE that shows the result of an inflammation located in a vein, usually in the legs. YH, MW pancreatitis AE 10033645 10033646 HPO: HP_0001733 YH, MW SIDER: C0030305 NCIt: C3306 CTCAE: E10930 a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that has an outcome of pancreatitis. apoptosis AE 10059512 SS, YH a cell death AE that has an outcome of apoptosis. necrosis AE SS, YH SIDER: C0027540 HPO: HP_0003713 a cell death AE that has an outcome of necrosis ischemia AE 10061255 HPO: HP_0002597 ischaemia AE SIDER: C0022116 SS, YH A cardiovascular disorder AE that results in Insufficient blood supply for the need of a part of the body, usually as a result of a disease of the blood vessels supplying that part. Note: also spelt ischemia. hair, skin or nail AE YH, SS, JX an adverse event that occurs in hair, skin, or nail. hair, skin, and nail AE hair AE YH, SS a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in hair. nail AE a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in nail. YH, SS endocrine system AE 10014698 a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that occurs in endocrine system. YH, SS exocrine system AE YH, SS a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that occurs in exocrine system congenital AE 10010331 an adverse event that displays a congential and genetic disorder. congenital abnormality AE YH, SS paresis AE 10033800 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paresis SIDER: C0030552 HPO: HP_0008153 局部麻痹 Neurologists use the term paresis to describe weakness, and plegia to describe paralysis in which all voluntary movement is lost. (Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paresis) a muscular weakness AE that shows weakness or inability to move a body part, often used to describe a neurologic condition. cystic fibrosis AE 10011762 SIDER: C0010674 HPO: HP_0006552 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cystic+fibrosis YH a syndrome AE that has an outcome of cystic fibrosis, an inherited disease that affects the lungs, digestive system, sweat glands, and male fertility. hyperplasia AE HPO: HP_0010279 YH, SS a tumore AE that results in the outcome of hyperplasia, an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or tissue, which increases its volume. SIDER: C0020507 abdominal AE an adverse event that displays a disorder in abdomen. YH, SS genetic AE genetic disorder AE an adverse event that results in genetic disorder. YH, SS hepatitis AE HPO: HP_0006562 a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that has an outcome of hepatitis. YH SIDER: C0019158 ulcer AE an adverse event that displays an outcome of ulcer. SIDER: C0041582 HPO: HP_0005229 YH, SS fistula AE 10067143 SIDER: C0016169 YH, SS a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that displays an outcome of fistula, a permanent abnormal passageway between two organs in the body or between an organ and the exterior of the body. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fistula HPO: HP_0010294 extravasation AE 10015866 YH, SS an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of extravasation, a discharge or escape, as of blood, from a vessel into the tissues. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/extravasation sclerosis AE YH, SS an adverse event that displays an outcome of an sclerosis, the stiffening of a structure, usually caused by a replacement of the normal organ-specific tissue with connective tissue. inconsolable crying AE 10065283 a crying abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal inconsolable crying in a patient YH unusual high-pitched crying AE YH a crying abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal unusual high-pitched crying in a patient prolonged crying AE a crying abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal prolonged crying in a patient YH bradycardia AE 10006093 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradycardia HPO: HP_0001662 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bradycardia SIDER: C0428977 a decreased heart rate AE that results in a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minutes (BPM). prenatal, perinatal or neonatal disorder AE 10036585 pregnancy, neonatal and perinatal disorder AE an adverse event that displays a disorder associated with child birth, newborn infant, or an infant. YH, JX administration of ineffective drug an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an ineffective drug YH administration of drug with decreased effectiveness an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an ctive drug with decreased effectiveness YH aplenzin-induced adverse event YH a bupropion-induced adverse event that is induced by aplenzin administration drug overdose administration an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with a drug above the therapeutic level YH administration of drug with omitted dose YH an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an drug without knowing the dose used. drug resistance a quality that represents resistance of a patient to a drug. YH medical intervention site AE 10003055 application site reaction an adverse event that occurs in the site of a medical intervention (e.g., vaccination injection site). YH medical intervention site a site that is used for a medical intervention YH administration of drug stored in capsule with physical defect an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an drug stored in capsule with physical defect YH administration of drug with wrong technique 10064353 YH an errored drug administration where a patient is administered with an drug with wrong technique administration of drug with incorrect route 10064304 a drug administration where a patient is administered with an drug with incorrect route YH neonatal AE A pregnancy, neonatal and perinatal AE that displays a disorder associated with newborn infant or an infant. YH perinatal AE A pregnancy, neonatal and perinatal AE that displays a disorder associated with childbirth YH errored medication 10027091 YH a medical intervention that has an errored medication errored drug administration 10064355 a medical intervention that has errored drug medication SS, YH radiotherapy YH a therapeutic intervention that uses radiation arterial disorder AE arterial disease AE SS SIDER: C0852949 a vascular disorder AE that affects the artery HPO: HP_0002620 peripheral arterial disease AE 10067825 SIDER: C1704436 an artery disorder AE that is characterized by a narrowing of the blood vessels outside of the heart. WEB: http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v%3Aproject=medlineplus&query=peripheral+arterial+disease peripheral artery disease AE HPO: HP_0004950 SS peripheral artery disorder AE psoriasis AE 10037153 an autoimmune disease AE that shows a symptom of dry red patches on the skin. HPO: HP_0003765 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psoriasis SIDER: C0033860 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoriasis cumulative distal sensory neuropathy AE a distal sensory neuropathy AE characterized by an increase in degree (cumulative) AG, YH stress AE YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of stress in a patient abdominal abscess AE 10060921 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000212.htm an abscess AE that has an outcome of a pocket of infected fluid and pus located inside the abdominal cavity abdominal discomfort AE 10000059 HPO: HP_0002027 SIDER: C0232487 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Abdominal+discomfort a discomfort AE that has an outcome of a stomach ache abdominal distension AE 10000060 NCIt: C78161 a sensory capability AE that results in a sensation of elevated abdominal pressure and volume DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0003270 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003609/ SIDER: C0000731 CTCAE: E10456 abdominal sepsis AE 10058040 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001687/ DJ, SS, YH a sepsis AE that has an outcome of sepsis in the abdominal area abdominal wall abscess AE 10000099 an abdominal abscess AE that has an outcome of a collection of pus in the abdominal wall, causes inflammation DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002329/ obsolete: behavior AE 10061422 HPO: HP_0000708 DJ, SS, YH 12/19/2015: This term became obsolete since its meaning can be quite confusing. "behavior AE" is now considered as the synonym of 'behavioral and neurological AE'. abnormal behaviour AE abnormal behavior AE behavioral AE SIDER: C0233514 a behavioral AE that results in uncharacteristic behaviors abnormal dreams AE 10000125 DJ, SS, YH a behavioral and neurological AE that results in odd dreams abortion induced AE 10000220 DJ, SS, YH an abortion AE that has an outcome of expulsion of a fetus from the uterus brought on intentionally by medication or instrumentation WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/induced+abortion abortion spontaneous AE 10000234 HPO: HP_0005268 an abortion AE that results in a miscarriage WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002458/ DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0000786 acne AE 10000496 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/acne SIDER: C0702166 acne vulgaris AE a skin AE that is characterized by pimples generally on the face, chest and back, caused by clogging of the pores HPO: HP_0001061 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AE 10000565 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hivaids.html SIDER: C0001175 a immune system disorder AE that is caused by the HIV virus DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002721 activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE 10000636 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0003645 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003653.htm CTCAE: E12073 NCIt: C27028 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a prolonged time taken for blood to clot. The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that looks at how long it takes for blood to clot. PTT measures the efficacy of the comon coagulation pathways and helps tell if bleeding or clotting problems exist. SIDER: C0853223 acute graft versus host disease in intestine AE 10066264 DJ, SS, YH a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a complication during stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the newly transplanted donor cells in the intestine attack the transplant recipient's body WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001309.htm acute graft versus host disease in skin AE 10066262 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001309.htm a skin AE that has an outcome of a complication during stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the newly transplanted donor cells in the skin attack the transplant recipient's body DJ, SS, YH acute lymphocytic leukemia AE 10000846 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a type of acute leukemia, characterized by anemia, fatigue, weight loss, easy bruising, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia with bacterial infections, and bone pain DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0023449 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Blast+count acute lymphocytic leukaemia AE HPO: HP_0006721 acute lymphocytic leukemia recurrent AE 10063620 WEB: http://marrow.org/Patient/Disease_and_Treatment/About_Your_Disease/ALL/Acute_Lymphoblastic_Leukemia_(ALL).aspx acute lymphocytic leukaemia recurrent AE a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of the reoccurance of fast-growing cancer of the white blood cells where abnormal blasts do not fight infections after a period of remission DJ, SS, YH acute myeloid leukemia AE 10000880 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of cancer in the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells DJ, SS, YH acute myeloid leukaemia AE SIDER: C0023467 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001569/ HPO: HP_0004808 acute myeloid leukemia recurrent AE 10059034 an acute myeloid leukemia AE that shows an recurrence of acute myeloid leukemia DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001569/ acute myeloid leukaemia recurrent AE acute pulmonary edema AE 10001029 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0100598 acute pulmonary oedema AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Acute+pulmonary+edema SIDER: C0155919 a lung disorder AE that has the outcome fluid accumulation in the air spaces and parenchyma of the lungs with rapid onset acute respiratory distress syndrome AE 10001052 SIDER: C0035222 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001164/ a respiratory distress AE that has an outcome of a life-threatening lung condition that prevents enough oxygen from getting to the lungs and into the blood DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002093 acute respiratory failure AE 10001053 HPO: HP_0002093 DJ, SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0264490 a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a condition in which not enough oxygen passes from the lungs into the blood, with rapid onset WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/rf/ adams-stokes syndrome AE 10001115 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1518479/ a syncope AE that results in sudden episodes of fainting and sometimes seizures DJ, SS, YH adenomyosis AE 10056268 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002481/ a reproductive system AE that results in the thickening of the walls of the uterus. This ccurs when endometrial tissue, which normally lines the uterus, moves into the outer muscular walls of the uterus. endrometriosis interma AE adenovirus infection AE 10060931 a viral infection that occurs in the respiratory system and has an outcome of viral infection by nonenveloped icosahedral viruses causing illness in the respiratory system WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Adenovirus+Infections DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0001486 HPO: HP_0004429 adrenal neoplasm AE 10061588 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22486993 DJ, SS, YH a tumor AE that results in an abnormal number of cells proliferating on the kidney(s) adrenal suppression AE 10001382 DJ, SS, YH an endocrine system AE that results in the suppression of the functions of the adrenal glands aggression AE 10001488 SIDER: C0001807 HPO: HP_0000718 a behavior and neurological AE that results in an increase in hostile behavior DJ, SS, YH agranulocytosis AE 10001507 HPO: HP_0001913 SIDER: C0001824 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of acute leukopenia, or lowered white blood cell count, most commonly of neutrophils causing neutropenia in circulating blood WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001295.htm 粒性白血球缺乏症 JX, DJ, SS, YH air embolism AE 10001526 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23295634 an embolism AE that is caused by an air bubble in the vessel DJ, SS, YH alanine aminotransferase level abnormal AE 10001547 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139615 DJ, SS, YH a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal blood level of alanine aminotransferase alanine aminotransferase level decreased AE 10001549 an alanine aminotransferase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease in alanine aminotransferase level in body WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139615 DJ, SS, YH, EB alanine aminotransferase level increased AE 10001551 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23139615 NCIt: C26948 CTCAE: E12077 an alanine aminotransferase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of alanine transaminase, an enzyme most commonly found in the liver alcoholic liver disease AE 10001627 DJ, SS, YH a liver/biliary system AE that is characterized by liver disease caused by the patient's alcoholic activity altered state of consciousness AE 10001854 DJ, SS, YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of significantly different waking beta wave state WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20182997 amenorrhoea AE 10001928 HPO: HP_0000141 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0002453 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21942684 a female reproductive system AE that is characterized by the absence of menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age amniotic fluid volume decreased AE 10063356 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22039031 an abnormal fluid regulation AE that results in a decreased volume of amniotic fluid during pregnancy DJ, SS, YH anal fissure AE 10002153 an anus AE that has an outcome of a split or tear in the mucosa lining the lower rectum WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002116/ DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0016167 HPO: HP_0004378 anal ulcer AE 10002180 CTCAE: E10496 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17073250 DJ, SS, YH an ulcer AE that has an outcome of an ulcer in the anal cavity NCIt: C79536 anastomotic leak AE 10050456 DJ, SS, YH a vascular disorder AE that has an outcome of a leakage at the site of the intersection of two blood vessels WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23122582 angina pectoris AE 10002383 WEB: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/SymptomsDiagnosisofHeartAttack/Angina-Pectoris-Stable-Angina_UCM_437515_Article.jsp# a cardiac disorder AE that is stable and shows the symptom of a chest pain due to ischemia of the heart stable angina AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23016723 HPO: HP_0001681 SIDER: C0002962 DJ, SS, YH angina unstable AE 10002388 DJ, SS, YH a angina AE that is unstable and has an outcome of a condition in which the heart doesn't get enough blood flow through the blood vessels of the heart muscle, may lead to heart attack. WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001250/ HPO: HP_0001681 SIDER: C0002965 antiphospholipid antibodies positive AE 10048678 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23231732 DJ, SS, YH, EB an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by antibodies present that are against cell-membrane phospholipids that provoke blood clots anuria AE 10002847 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0003460 HPO: HP_0100519 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anuria a urinary system AE that has an outcome of the absence of urine formation aortic disorder AE 10058648 a vascular disorder AE that results in a condition affecting the aorta and aortic valves DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001679 WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/aorta_disorder.htm SIDER: C0003493 aortic valve incompetence AE 10002915 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/aortic_valve_incompetence/intro.htm a cardiac valve disease AE that has an outcome of inability of the aortic valve to function effectively SIDER: C0003504 HPO: HP_0001659 aplasia AE 10002961 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0010515 SIDER: C0243065 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/737831 a congenital abnormality AE with an outcome of defective development or congenital absense of an organ or tissue aplastic anaemia AE 10002967 再生障碍性贫血 aplastic anemia DJ, SS, JX, YH Aplastic anaemia AE is an anemia AE that occurs when the bone marrow, and the blood stem cells that reside there are damaged. This causes a deficiency of all three blood cell types (pancytopenia): red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (leukopenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia). SIDER: C0002874 HPO: HP_0001915 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23292240 allergic brochospasm AE that requires treatment in emergency URL: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchospasm a serious AE that is due to an allergic brochospasm, which causes a serious problem with breathing and requires treatment in an emergency room. YH, JX application site hypersensitivity AE 10063683 a hypersensitivity AE that occurs at the site of an application of a medical intervention (e.g., drug administration or vaccination). DJ, SS, YH application site infection AE 10049041 an infection AE that occurs at the site of drug application DJ, SS, YH arterial hemorrhage AE 10060964 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the arteries arterial bleeding AE DJ, SS, YH arterial haemorrhage AE CSF protein increased AE 10011575 SS, YH CSF protein increased AE is an abnormal cerebrospinal fluid production that results in and increase in blood level CSF protein CSF test result abnormal AE 10059703 WEB: www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003428.htm a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal result in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection test that examines the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord This should be inferred as a "AE: lab test abnormal". SS, YH, EB Henoch-Schonlein purpura AE 10019617 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henoch-Schonlein_purpura SS, YH Henoch-Schonlein purpura AE is a purpura AE, a systemic vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) characterized by deposition of immune complexes containing the antibody IgA in the skin and kidney. This results from some allergic response, allergic purpura, anaphylactoid purpura, vascular purpura SIDER: C0034152 HPO: HP_0000979 abasia AE 10049460 HPO: HP_0002540 a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of abasia, a movement disorder that results in and inability to walk due to impaired muscle coordination SIDER: C0877217 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abasia abdominal pain upper AE 10000087 SIDER: C0232492 SS, YH HPO: HP_0002027 a stomach pain AE that is observed in upper stomach ageusia AE 10001480 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageusia a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of loss of taste functions of the tongue, particularly the inability to detect sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate). SS, YH chronic sensory neuropathy AE a sensory neuropathy AE that has an outcome of chronic sensory neuropathy characterized by being persistent or long-lasting in nature AG, YH anosmia AE 10002653 SS, YH SIDER: C0003126 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfaction HPO: HP_0010632 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a lack of functioning olfaction, an inability to perceive odors anxiety AE 10002855 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of a psychological and physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. These components combine to create an unpleasant feeling that is typically associated with uneasiness, fear, or worry. HPO: HP_0000739 CTCAE: E12883 SIDER: C0003467 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety NCIt: C26696 atrial flutter AE 10003662 HPO: HP_0004749 SS NCIt: C51224 CTCAE: E10087 auricular flutter SIDER: C0004239 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/atrial+flutter AF an arrhythmia AE that is characterized by rapid regular atrial contractions occurring usually at rates between 250 and 400 per minute and often producing saw-tooth waves in an electrocardiogram. balance disorder AE 10049848 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, giddy, woozy, or have a sensation of movement, spinning, or floating. HPO: HP_0002141 SS, YH SIDER: C0575090 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_disorder blister AE 10005191 HPO: HP_0008066 blister AE is a skin adverse event that results in a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blister SIDER: C0005758 cellulitis AE 10007882 HPO: HP_0003553 cellulitis AE is an inflammation AE that is a diffuse inflammation of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulitis SIDER: C0007642 SS, YH cold sweat AE SS, YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a type of perspiration usually associated with anxiety or fear WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_sweat convulsion AE 10010904 convulsion AE is a muscle adverse event that results in a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body HPO: HP_0001250 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convulsion SIDER: C0009951 SS, YH difficulty in walking AE SS, YH a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of difficulty in walking properly dysgeusia AE 10013911 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgeusia NCIt:C28145 HPO: HP_0000223 SS, YH, MW a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of distortion of the sense of taste SIDER: C0013378 CTCAE:E12643 dyskinesia AE 10013916 SIDER: C0013384 HPO: HP_0100660 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyskinesia SS, YH dyskinesia is a movement disorder which consists of effects including diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of dyskinesia dyspnea AE 10013963 10013968 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyspnoea HPO: HP_0002094 UMLS CUI: C0013404 MedDRA: 10013968 is for "dyspnoea"; MedDRA: 10013963 is for "dyspnea". NCIt: C2998 SIDER: C0013404 呼吸困难 CTCAE: E13368 dyspnoea AE is an abnormal respiration AE debilitating symptom that is the experience of unpleasant or uncomfortable respiratory sensations, shortness of breath, air hunger dyspnoea AE electromyogram result abnormal AE 10014431 SS, YH, EB a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal activity in skeletal muscles evaluted and measured by electromyography WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromyography eye irritation AE 10015946 SS, YH SIDER: C0235266 HPO: HP_0000478 WEB: http://www.freemd.com/eye-irritation/ eye irritation AE is an eye disorder AE that results in mild eye redness, itching, or tearing eye pruritus AE 10052140 SIDER: C0022281 eye pruritus AE is a pruritus AE (an unpleasant sensation that evokes the desire or reflex to scratch) at the eye area HPO: HP_0000989 SS, YH glomerulonephritis AE glomerular nephritis AE SS, YH HPO: HP_0000099 glomerulonephritis AE is a kidney disorder AE that results in a renal disease that is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, or small blood vessels in the kidneys. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulonephritis SIDER: C0017658 bundle branch block right AE 10006582 SS right bundle branch block HPO: HP_0011712 SIDER: C0085615 RBBB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/right+bundle+branch+block A conduction system disorder AE that is a condition in which the electrical impulse from the bundle of His to the ventricles is delayed or fails to conduct along the right bundle branch, resulting in right ventricular depolarization by cell-to-cell conduction spreading from the interventricular septum and left ventricle to the right ventricle–ie, slow and uncoordinated Natural history Surgically induced RBBB has few acute hemodynamic consequences and a generally benign course long term; rarely, progression to complete heart block and sudden death occur, especially if accompanied by major His-Purkinje system–eg, left anterior hemiblock, first-degree AV block–injury; tetralogy of Fallot repair with an RBBB and a markedly prolonged QRS duration >180 ms have an ↑ risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. conduction system disorder AE 10000032 10010276 a cardiac disorder AE of the electrical conduction system that controls the heart rate, generates and conducts electrical impulses throughout the muscle of the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood. conduction disorder AE NCIt: C78245 CTCAE: E10114 WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8407 SS cardiac conduction disorder AE hypoesthesia AE 10020937 WEB:http://medguides.medicines.org.uk/document.aspx?name=hypoaesthesia a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of hypoaesthesia, meaning that skin loses some of its sensitivity to pain or touch HPO: HP_0010830 SIDER: C0020580 hypoaesthesia AE SS, YH disesthesia AE arterial thrombosis AE 10003178 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23236330 a thrombosis AE that has an outcome of a blood clot within an artery HPO: HP_0004420 SIDER: C0151942 [SS] Per DRA and KKB's comment, arterial thrombosis may also be characterized as an embolism. DJ, SS, YH influenza AE SIDER: C0021400 SS, YH a viral infection AE that demonstrates an influenza viral infection. Influenza is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses), that affects birds and mammals WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza HPO: HP_0005376 MDR: 10022000 arteriosclerosis coronary artery AE 10003211 SIDER: C0010054 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Coronary+Arteriosclerosis a coronary artery disease AE with the outcome hardening of the coronary artery due to a build up of waxy plaque on the inside of blood vessels HPO: HP_0004929 DJ, SS, YH injected limb mobility decreased AE SS, YH injected limb mobility decreased AE is a mobility decreased AE that occurs in the limb in which injection is administered injection-site hematoma AE 10022066 injection-site haematoma AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hematoma http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematoma SS, YH a haematoma AE that has an outcome of injection-site haematoma, which results in a collection of blood outside the blood vessels at the physical area of injection injection-site induration AE WEB: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=induration injection-site induration AE is an skin AE that results in hardening or thickening of tissue at the physical injection site SS, YH injection-site pruritus AE 10022093 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pruritus SS, YH injection-site pruritus AE is an pruritus AE that results in an unpleasant sensation that evokes the desire or reflex to scratch at the physical area of injection WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itch injection-site rash AE SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rash injection-site rash AE is a rash AE that results in a change of the skin which affects its color, appearance or texture at the physical injection site injection-site warmth AE injection-site warmth AE is a homeostasis AE that results in feeling of warmth at the physical injection site SS, YH joint swelling AE 10023232 SIDER: C0152031 SS, YH HPO: HP_0005833 A joint disorder AE that has an outcome of joint swelling, which is a joint disorder that results in a buildup of fluid in the soft tissue surrounding the joint WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003262.htm kidney AE 10038428 abnormal renal function AE SS, YH an adverse event that occurs in kidney. lacrimation increased AE 10023644 HPO: HP_0009926 WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6199 SIDER: C0152227 SS, YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of an increase in production, secretion, and shedding of tears WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tears lip swelling AE 10024570 SIDER: C0240211 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swelling_%28medical%29 HPO: HP_0000159 lip swelling AE is an edema (swelling) AE that results in enlargement or protuberance in the lip SS, YH lymphadenitis AE SS, YH HPO: HP_0002840 SIDER: C0024205 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphadenopathy A lymphadenopathy AE that results in swollen/enlarged lymph nodes mobility decreased AE 10048334 SS, YH SIDER: C0700572 mobility decreased AE is a nervous system AE that results in difficulty in movement leading to less ability to move part(s) of body HPO: HP_0006217 muscular weakness AE 10028372 HPO: HP_0001324 a muscle AE that has an outcome of muscular weakness AE (i.e., lack of muscle strength). SS, YH SIDER: C0151786 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_weakness musculoskeletal stiffness AE 10052904 SIDER: C0948525 SS, YH a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation of stiffness in muscles and skeleton HPO: HP_0003552 nasal congestion AE 10028735 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestion nasal congestion AE is a respiratory system AE that results in a blockage of the nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels SIDER: C0027424 SS, YH HPO: HP_0001742 NCIt: C78500 CTCAE: E13450 nasopharyngitis AE a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of nasopharyngitis, a respiratory system inflammation that results in common cold, a contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system SIDER: C0027441 SS, YH common cold AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasopharyngitis a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of nasopharyngitis, a respiratory system inflammation that results in common cold, a contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system HPO: HP_0002087 peripheral neuropathy AE 10029331 an neuropathy AE that results in a damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS, outside the brain and spinal cord), the vast communication network that transmits information from the brain and the spinal cord (the central nervous system) to every other part of the body. neuropathy peripheral AE WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/peripheralneuropathy/detail_peripheralneuropathy.htm SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy ocular hyperemia AE 10030041 ocular hyperaemia AE SS, YH WEB: http://www.med.miami.edu/news/view.asp?id=259 ocular hyperaemia AE is an eye disorder AE that results in severe redness and irritation of the eyes oropharyngeal pain AE 10068319 a pain AE that has an outcome of oropharyngeal pain HPO: HP_0010833 oropharyngeal pain is a pain in oral airway WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oropharyngeal_airway SIDER: C2363731 SS, YH otitis media AE 10033078 NCIt: C34885 SIDER: C0029882 SS, YH an ear disorder AE which has an outcome of otitis media that results in inflammation of the middle ear, or middle ear infection CTCAE: E11477 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_media HPO: HP_0008623 pericarditis AE 10034484 HPO: HP_0001701 SS, YH an inflammation AE that has an outcome of pericaditis, which is a cardiovascular disorder that results in a condition in which the sac-like covering around the heart (pericardium) becomes inflamed NCIt: C34915 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000182.htm CTCAE: E10180 SIDER: C0031046 pharyngeal edema AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68004487?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Mesh.Mesh_ResultsPanel.Mesh_RVDocSum pharyngeal oedema AE SS, YH pharyngeal edema AE is an edema AE that results in an bbnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities in pharynx (throat swelling). pharyngitis AE 10034835 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngitis pharyngitis AE is a digestive system AE that results in an inflammation of the throat or pharynx SIDER: C0031350 NCIt: C26851 CTCAE: E11525 HPO: HP_0100776 pharyngolaryngeal pain AE 10034844 a pain AE that shows a pain in sinus and throat NCIt: C78556 SS, YH, MW WEB: http://www.wordinfo.info/words/index/info/view_unit/1631/ HPO: HP_0010833 CTCAE: E13482 SIDER: C0858635 macular rash AE HPO: HP_0000988 rash macular AE is a rash AE that results in a skin eruption in which the lesions are flat and less than 1 cm in diameter SS, YH rash macular AE SIDER: C0221201 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/macular+rash papular rash AE 10037876 HPO: HP_0007432 WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/papular_rash.htm SS, YH rash papular AE WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/papule WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rash a rash AE that shows clustered papules, i.e., small, round, raised bumps that have clear borders. SIDER: C0221202 respiratory distress AE 10038687 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome HPO: HP_0002747 SS, YH respiratory distress AE is a respiratory system AE that results in a severe lung disease caused by a variety of direct and indirect issues. It is characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange with concomitant systemic release of inflammatory mediators causing inflammation, hypoxemia and frequently resulting in multiple organ failure. SIDER: C0476273 respiratory tract congestion AE SS, YH respiratory tract congestion AE is a respiratory system AE that results in congestion in respiratory tract retching AE 10038776 retching AE is a digestive system AE that results in a process in the human body where gastric (and sometimes duodenal) contents are forced into the esophagus, but do not enter the pharynx SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retching rhinitis AE 10028116 runny nose WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinitis SIDER: C0035455 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rhinitis HPO: HP_0002257 SS, YH rhinitis AE is a respiratory system inflammation characterized by runny nose,irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose rhinorrhea AE SS, YH rhinorrhoea AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinorrhoea rhinorrhoea AE is a respiratory system AE that results in runny nose, an unusually significant amount of nasal fluid shoulder pain AE shoulder pain is a pain iin or around the shoulder joint WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003171.htm a pain AE that occurs in shoulder SS, YH sinus congestion AE HPO: HP_0002257 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_%28anatomy%29, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestion SIDER: C0152029 sinus congestion AE is a nasal congestion AE that results in blockage of the air cavities in the cranial bones or nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels sneezing AE 10041232 sneezing AE is a respiratory system adverse event that results in sternutation, a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa CTCAE:E13572 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sneezing sternutation SS, YH, MW NCIt:C50746 tachycardia AE 10043071 SIDER: C0039231 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia an increased heart rate AE where the heart rate exceeds the normal range for a resting heartrate (heartrate in an inactive or sleeping individual) SS, YH HPO: HP_0001649 tendonitis AE a tendon disorder AE that has an outcome of tendonitis SIDER: C0039503 SS, YH tendonitis is a tendon disorder that results in an inflammation of a tendon HPO: HP_0100261 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendinitis tendinitis AE throat tightness AE 10043528 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation of tightness in the throat upper respiratory tract infection AE 10046300 SS, YH CTCAE: E11604 NCIt: C35650 an infection AE is a respiratory system AE that results in illnesses caused by an acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx SIDER: C0041912 URI, URTI HPO: HP_0002788 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_respiratory_tract_infection varicella AE a viral infection AE that results in an acute contagious diseased caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body. varicella zoster virus infection AE chicken pox AE WEB: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=varicella SS, YH SIDER: C0008049 HPO: HP_0005428 paresthesia oral AE 10057372 paraesthesia oral AE http://www.answers.com/topic/oral-paresthesia paraesthesia oral is a paresthesia that results in a numbness or tingling that occurs in the mucosa or tissues of the oral cavity. a paresthesia AE that occurs in oral area. SS, YH HPO: HP_0003401 SIDER: C0521591 fever AE 10005911 10016558 10037660 Axelrod YK1, Diringer MN. Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders. Neurol Clin. 2008 May;26(2):585-603, xi. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005. PMID: 18514828. YH, SS, MW WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrexia febrile response an abnormal body temperature AE which has an outcome of fever CTCAE: E11102 body temperature increased AE pyrexia AE NCIt: C3038 Fever is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. Fever is characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1-2 °F). rash AE 10037844 URL: http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/common-rashes Wick JY. Drug-induced rash: nuisance or threat? Consult Pharm. 2013 Mar;28(3):160-6. PMID: 23462025. a skin AE that shows the symptom of rash, i.e., an abnormal change in skin color, appearance, or texture. A rash may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, dry, cracked or blistered, swell and may be painful. YH SIDER: C0015230 URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rash HPO: HP_0000988 Drug-induced rash is the most commonly reported drug reaction. infection AE 10021789 YH, JX change of name from 'infection adverse event' to 'infectious adverse event' on 09/23/13 for a better clinical relevance, move 'infection adverse event' as an alternative term - SS an adverse event that has an outcome of a pathogen infection, i.e., an infection caused by a pathogen such as a virus, bacterium, or parasite. infection infectious adverse event WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/infection syndrome AE An AE that has an outcome of syndrome. Syndrome is the association of several clinically recognizable features, signs (observed by a physician), symptoms (reported by the patient), phenomena or characteristics that often occur together, so that the presence of one feature alerts the physician to the presence of the others. YH agitation AE 10001497 HPO: HP_0000711 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of emotional state of excitement or restlessness CTCAE:E12874 YH, MW SIDER: C0085631 NCIt:C79530 injection-site AE 10022095 injection site AE YH, JX, SS injection-site AE is an AE that occurs in an injection site (e.g., during vaccination). CTCAE: E11138 NCIt: C3508 injection-site adverse event injection-site reaction local reaction AE injection-site hypersensitivity AE a hypersensitivity AE which has an outcome of injection-site hypersensitivity YH injection-site edema AE 10053425 an edema AE which occurs at the injection site. In this case, a collection of fluid at the injection site is found. injection-site oedema AE YH, RR injection-site swelling AE WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/edema-swelling-beyond-the-basics injection-site pain AE 10022086 a pain AE that occurs in an injection site of a medical intervention YH injection-site inflammation AE YH an inflammation AE which has an outcome of injection-site inflammation injection-site hemorrhage AE 10022067 YH a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of injection-site hemorrhage injection-site mass AE YH, SS injection site nodule AE injection-site mass is a mass at physical injection site a tumor or mass AE that occurs in an injection-site pruritus AE 10037087 NCIt:C3344 SIDER: C0033774 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=mesh&cmd=DetailsSearch&term=pruritus+generalised&log$=activity CTCAE:E13686 itching YH, SS, MW pruritus generalised AE itch Pruritus is an itch (Latin: pruritus), i.e., an unpleasant sensation that evokes the desire or reflex to scratch. HPO: HP_0000989 a skin adverse event that has an outcome of pruritus pain AE 10033371 CTCAE: E11167 SIDER: C0030193 HPO: HP_0010833 NCIt: C3303 YH, MW a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of pain in a patient myalgia AE 10028411 HPO: HP_0003326 muscle pain AE SIDER: C0231528 CTCAE:E12485 NCIt:C27009 YH, MW a pain AE that has outcome of myalgia. Myalgia means "muscle pain" and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. urticaria AE 10046735 SIDER: C0042109 YH, MW Urticaria AE is a rash AE notable for dark red, raised, itchy bumps. hives CTCAE:E13746 HPO: HP_0001025 NCIt:C3432 headache AE 10019211 CTCAE: E12678 SIDER: C0018681 a pain AE that has an outcome of headache HPO: HP_0002315 YH, MW NCIt: C34661 respiratory system AE I created this term and make it to be an umbrella term for different disorder terms related to respiratory system. --Oliver He YH an AE that occurs in respiratory system. leukocyte cell number increased AE 10024378 10047943 CTCAE: E10048 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocytosis According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'leukocytosis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,021 VAERS reports (0.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). white blood cell count increased AE NCIt: C35524 leukocytosis AE increased leukocyte cell number AE MP: MP_0000218 SS, YH, EB a leukocyte cell number abnormal AE that has an outcome of greater than normal number of leukocytes, or nucleated cells of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue leukocyte cell number decreased AE 10047942 CTCAE: E12232 a leukocyte cell number abnormal AE that has an outcome of reduction in the number of leukocytes, or of nucleated cells of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue white blood cell count decreased AE decreased leukocyte cell number AE MP: MP_0000221 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'leukopenia' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 417 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). NCIt: C26816 abnormal blood pressure AE MP: MP_0000230 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormal blood pressure, representing altered tension of the blood within the systemic arteries asthenia AE 10003549 HPO: HP_0001324 YH SIDER: C0004093 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of asthenia, which is a medical term denoting symptoms of physical weakness and loss of strength. muscle ache AE a muscle pain AE that has an outcome of muscle ache. YH maculo-papular rash AE 10037868 YH, MW maculopapular rash AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maculopapular_rash The term "maculopapular" is a compound: macules are small, flat discolored spots on the surface of the skin; and papules are small, raised bumps. CTCAE:E13700 rash maculopapular AE rash maculo-papular AE A rash AE that shows a flat, red area on the skin overed with small confluent bumps. NCIt:C75579 arthralgia AE 10003239 An joint disorder AE that has an outcome of arthralgia. Arthralgia means joint pain. It is a symptom of injury, infection, illnesses (in particular arthritis) or an allergic reaction to medication. According to MeSH, the term "arthralgia" should only be used when the condition is non-inflammatory, and the term "arthritis" should be used when the condition is inflammatory. CTCAE:E12374 NCIt:C50464 SIDER: C0003862 YH, MW HPO: HP_0002829 vesiculobullous rash AE YH HPO: HP_0000988 SIDER: C0151883 vesiculobullous rash AE is a rash AE characterized by serous-fluid-filled vesicles (blisters) screaming syndrome AE a syndrome AE which has an outcome of screaming syndrome YH dizziness AE 10013573 HPO: HP_0002321 NCIt:C37943 SIDER: C0012833 YH, SS, MW a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of dizziness Dizziness describes a number of subjective symptoms, which the patient may describe as feelings of lightheadedness, floating, wooziness, giddiness, confusion, disorientation or loss of balance. Medical terms include vertigo, disequilibrium, pre-syncope or syncoptic episode. Causes may stem from a variety of failures of equilibrioception, hypotension, cerebral hypoxia or a reaction to environmental chemicals or drugs. CTCAE:E12631 edema limbs AE 10030124 10050068 CTCAE: E11086 NCIt: C78262 YH, SS oedema peripheral AE peripheral edema AE edema peripheral AE peripheral edema AE is an edema AE that results in swelling of tissues, usually in the lower limbs, due to the accumulation of fluids WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_edema malaise AE 10025482 YH HPO: HP_0002321 CTCAE: E11152 NCIt: C3832 Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an "out of sorts" feeling. Malaise is often the first indication of an infection or other disease. Vaccination may induce malaise. SIDER: C0231218 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of malaise somnolence AE 10041349 CTCAE:E12814 HPO: HP_0001262 drowsiness a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of somnolence Somnolence (or "drowsiness") is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (c.f. hypersomnia). SIDER: C2830004 YH, SS, MW NCIt:C26754 paresthesia AE 10033775 10033987 a sensory neuropathy AE that shows a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect. CTCAE: E12758 Paresthesia is more generally known as the feeling of "pins and needles" or of a limb being "asleep" (although this is not directly related to the phenomenon of sleep). The manifestation of paresthesia may be transient or chronic. YH, MW paraesthesia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraesthesia NCIt: C28177 crying abnormal AE 10011469 YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of abnormal crying in a patient chills AE 10008531 feeling cold AE YH CTCAE: E11074 SIDER: C0085593 Chills refers to feeling cold after an exposure to a cold environment. The word can also refer to an episode of shivering, accompanied by paleness and feeling cold. HPO: HP_0001945 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of chills NCIt: C35143 stupor AE 10042264 YH Stupor is the lack of critical cognitive function and level of consciousness wherein a sufferer is almost entirely unresponsive and only responds to base stimuli such as pain. The word derives from the Latin stupure, meaning insensible. Being characterised by impairments of reactions to external stimuli, in this case, vaccine immunization. a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of stupor HPO: HP_0004372 SIDER: C0085628 anorexia AE 10002646 10002649 10061428 decreased appetite AE YH, MW NCIt: C2875 HPO: HP_0002039 a gustatory system AE which demonstrates a decreased sensation of appetite. WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anorexia/basics/definition/con-20033002 anorexia nervosa AE CTCAE: E12252 SIDER: C0003123 厌食症 face edema AE 10014222 10016029 10042682 NCIt: C78289 swelling face face oedema AE WEB:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003105.htm CTCAE: E11082 oedema face AE emema face AE face edema AE is an edema AE that results in facial swelling, the build-up of fluid in the tissues of the face. Swelling may also affect the neck and upper arms YH, SS, MW cough AE 10011224 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cough YH, SS, MW coughing AE cough WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cough.html an abnormal respiration AE that shows a sudden and often repetitively occurring reflex to keep the throat and airways clear CTCAE:E13364 NCIt:C37935 flu syndrome AE YH NCIt: C78302 CTCAE: E11108 flu-like symptom AE a syndrome AE that has an outcome of a flu syndrome AE and occurs after a medical intervention. syncope AE 10024855 10042772 SIDER: C0039070 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of loss of consciousness, fainting WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconsciousness fainting Syncope is the medical term for fainting, a sudden, usually temporary, loss of consciousness. CTCAE: E12832 NCIt: C35053 YH, SS, MW HPO: HP_0001279 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_%28medicine%29 sweating AE YH a skin adverse event that has an outcome of sweating SIDER: C0038990 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sweating' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 2,301 VAERS reports (1.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). HPO: HP_0000975 abdominal pain AE 10000081 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_pain HPO: HP_0002027 SIDER: C0000737 YH, SS According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abdominal pain' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 2,254 VAERS reports (1.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a pain AE that is observed in abdominal cavity hypertension AE 10005750 10020772 CTCAE: E13785 NCIt: C3117 HPO: HP_0000822 blood pressure increased SIDER: C0020538 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722707 YH, SS, MW an abnormal blood pressure AE that has an outcome of sustained high blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states MP: MP_0000231 aortic valve stenosis AE 10002918 SIDER: C0003507 SS WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aortic+valve+stenosis a cardiac valve disease AE that is characterized by a condition of the heart in which the aortic valve, located between the aorta and left ventricle of the heart, is norrower than normal size HPO: HP_0005173 myasthenia AE a muscular weakness AE that has an outcome of myasthenia. Myasthenia represenats myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatiguability. YH, SS SIDER: C0947912 myasthenia syndrome AE myasthenic syndrome AE HPO: HP_0001324 myasthenia gravis chest pain AE 10008479 SIDER: C0008031 YH HPO: HP_0001681 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'chest pain' was mentioned in 1,752 VAERS reports (1.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a pain AE that occurs at the chest sensory axonal AE a sensory neuropathy AE which has an outcome of sensory axonal characterized by damage to axonas of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) AG, YH central serous retinopathy AE 10063118 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_serous_retinopathy SJ, YH an abnormal vision AE characterised by leakage of fluid under the retina causing visual impairment, usually in one eye. central serous chorioretinopathy twitching AE a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of twitching, an involuntary sudden movement of part of the body. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'twitching' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,511 VAERS reports (1.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH febrile seizure AE a seizure AE that has an outcome of a seizure disorder associated with an elevated temperature http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1176205-overview YH, BY asthma AE 10003553 哮喘 Asthma is a common chronic lung disease. It has been defined by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute as a common chronic disorder of the airways that is complex and characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (bronchospasm), and an underlying inflammation. HPO: HP_0002099 YH a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of asthma SIDER: C0004096 neck pain AE 10028836 SIDER: C0007859 CTCAE: E12493 NCIt: C50663 YH, MW According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'neck pain' was mentioned in 1,323 VAERS reports (1.0%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). HPO: HP_0003418 a pain AE that has an outcome of neck pain arthritis infective AE 10060968 HPO: HP_0003095 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/i/infectious_arthritis/intro.htm SIDER: C0003869 an arthritis AE that has an outcome of inflammation of a joint, resulting from infectious agents, such as bacteria and viruses back pain AE 10003988 NCIt:C41830 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'back pain' was mentioned in 1,277 VAERS reports (1.0%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). CTCAE:E12388 a pain AE that has an outcome of back pain SIDER: C0004604 YH, MW HPO: HP_0003418 alopecia AE 10001760 SIDER: C0002170 VAE, MW NCIt:C50575 alopecia means the absence of hair or loss of hair. It is not usually in reference to primary genetic hairlessness but may be due to dietary, stress, secondary to immune condition. HPO: HP_0001596 CTCAE:E13611 MP: MP_0000414 a hair AE that has an outcome of alopecia and occurs after a medical intervention. gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE 10017955 MP: MP_0000465 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of gastrointestinal hemorrhage gastrointestinal haemorrhage AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastrointestinal+hemorrhage bleeding in the stomach and/or the intestines eyes gaze upward AE YH a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of eyes gaze upward According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'eyes gaze upward' was mentioned in 1,249 VAERS reports (1.0%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). neuropathy AE WEB: http://www.neuropathy.org/ SIDER: C0442874 a nervous system AE that shows a damage to or disease affecting the nerves. 神经病变 WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/147963.php YH, RR WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm Neuropathy is often classified according to the types or location of nerves that are affected. Neuropathy can also be classified according to the disease causing it. (For example, neuropathy from the effects of diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy. Ref: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy. HPO: HP_0007141 skin nodule AE YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'skin nodule' was mentioned in 1,134 VAERS reports (0.9%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a skin adverse event that has an outcome of skin nodule HPO: HP_0200036 SIDER: C0037287 arthrosis AE Arthrosis is an articular illness that produces fibrosis or degeneration of the cartilage. YH a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of arthrosis. hypokinesia AE 10021021 HPO: HP_0002375 YH SIDER: C0086439 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of hypokinesia, refering to slow or diminished movement of body musculature. muscle twitch AE 10028346 JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciculation fasciculation AE muscle contraction AE myokymia AE Muscle twitch AE is a twitching AE that is a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation which may be visible under the skin. skin discoloration AE 10040829 skin discoloration AE is a skin adverse event that results in change in color of skin or mucus membranes skin discolouration AE YH, SS According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'skin discoloration' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 909 VAERS reports (0.7%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). shingles AE 10019974 a varicella zoster virus infection AE that occurs in adults and rarely in children. zoster AE Herpes zoster is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe. The initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes the acute (short-lived) illness chickenpox, and generally occurs in children and young people. Once an episode of chickenpox has resolved, the virus is not eliminated from the body but can go on to cause shingles (an illness with very different symptoms) often many years after the initial infection. YH SIDER: C0019360 herpes zoster AE HPO: HP_0005353 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shingles/basics/causes/con-20019574 laryngismus AE sudden laryngeal spasm with crowing inhalation and cyanosis a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of laryngismus laryngospasm Laryngismus is an uncontrolled/involuntary muscular contraction (spasm) of the laryngeal cords. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'laryngismus' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 881 VAERS reports (0.7%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH speech disorder AE 10041466 YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of disorder in speech SIDER: C0037822 HPO: HP_0006977 hemorrhage AE 10055798 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhage haemorrhage AE bleeding AE MP: MP_0001914 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of hemorrhage loss of blood from the vascular compartment to the exterior or into nonvascular body space as a result of rupture or severance of the blood vessels neck rigidity AE a bone disorder AE which has an outcome of neck rigidity YH Guillain-Barre syndrome AE 10018767 SIDER: C0018378 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299621 a nervous system AE that has the symptom of GBS. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks part of the peripheral nervous system. The first symptoms of this disorder include varying degrees of weakness or tingling sensations in the legs. In many instances, the weakness and abnormal sensations spread to the arms and upper body. These symptoms can increase in intensity until the muscles cannot be used at all and the patient is almost totally paralyzed. In these cases, the disorder is life-threatening and is considered a medical emergency. Usually Guillain-Barre occurs a few days or weeks after the patient has had symptoms of a respiratory or gastrointestinal viral infection. Occasionally, surgery or vaccinations will trigger the syndrome. Reference: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gbs/gbs.htm. GBS AE YH, SS HPO: HP_0007131 nausea and vomiting AE YH This term will most likely removed since it is just a combination of nausea and vomiting. an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of nausea and vomiting According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'nausea and vomiting' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 812 VAERS reports (0.6%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). sudden infant death AE a sudden death AE that occurs to an infant. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sudden infant death' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 808 VAERS reports (0.6%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH fever with chills AE 10016559 YH chills and fever AE a fever AE that has an outcome of fever with chills, which is successive stages of chills and fever. This is a symptom of malaria. personality disorder AE 10034721 SIDER: C0031212 a psychiatric disorder AE that is characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's culture. YH, MW HPO: HP_0000751 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_disorder lung AE 10025082 YH SIDER: C0024115 lung disorder AE a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of lung disorder HPO: HP_0006552 muscle AE a musculoskeletal system AE that occurs in muscle. YH hepatobiliary or pancreatic AE YH, JX an adverse event that occurs in liver, biliary, and pancreatic areas. URL: http://www.ijhpd.com/ WEB: http://www.uchospitals.edu/online-library/content=P00670 liver, biliary, and pancreatic disorder AE enlarged liver AE According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'hepatomegaly' was mentioned in 106 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). MP: MP_0000599 a liver/biliary system AE which has an outcome of an enlarged liver, or larger than average size of the liver meningitis AE 10027199 WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/index.html SIDER: C0025289 脑膜炎 a brain inflammation AE which results in an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. The inflammation is caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, and less commonly by certain drugs or diseases. YH, JX HPO: HP_0001287 CTCAE: E11458 NCIt: C26828 digestive system AE YH an AE that occurs in digestive system. facial paralysis AE SIDER: C0015469 HPO: HP_0007209 a paralysis AE that has an outcome of paralysis in face According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'facial paralysis' was mentioned in 580 VAERS reports (0.5%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH confusion AE 10010300 10010305 YH, KM WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mental+confusion NCIt: C37928 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of confusion, which is a mild form of delirium. mental confusion AE CTCAE: E12889 confused state AE joint disorder AE a musculoskeletal system AE which has an outcome of joint disorder YH eye AE 10015916 YH an AE that occurs in eye. eye disorder AE HPO: HP_0000496 SIDER: C0015397 autism AE a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of autism Autism is a brain development disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. YH sedimentation rate increased AE YH red blood cell sedimentation rate increased AE Sedimentation rate is a diagnostic test for inflammation. The test measures the rate at which red blood cells fall to the bottom of a tube over time. An increased sedimentation rate corresponds to increased non-specific inflammation in the body. It is often called "sedrate" for short. ESR sedrate red blood cell sedimentation rate increased AE is an AE: sedimentation rate increased that has an increase in rate at which red blood cells precipitate in a period of 1 hour. This term should be inferred to lab test abnormal. erythrocyte sedimentation rate a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of sedimentation rate increased According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sedimentation rate increased' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 530 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). arthritis reactive AE 10003267 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16822921 DJ, SS, YH an arthritis AE that has an outcome of arthritis due to an infection in another part of the body amblyopia AE 10001906 an abnormal vision AE which has an outcome of amblyopia SIDER: C0002418 YH HPO: HP_0000646 mental retardation AE a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of mental retardation HPO: HP_0001249 SIDER: C0025362 YH erythema multiforme AE 10015218 a rash AE which shows red, target-shaped or "bulls-eye" patches or sores on the skin. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_multiforme The erythema multiforme rash usually begins on the arms, hands, legs, and feet, but you might also find it on the face, neck, and body. It also can affect the lips and inside the mouth. It usuallys follows an infection or drug exposure. HPO: HP_0010783 WEB: http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/erythema_multiforme.html SIDER: C0014742 YH, MW CTCAE:E13627 NCIt:C3024 SGOT increased AE SGOT respresents serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGOT is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The blood SGOT levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example, from viral hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for example, from a heart attack). Some medications can also raise SGOT levels. SGOT is also called aspartate aminotransferase (AST). YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'SGOT increased' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 477 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a lab test abnormal AE that has an outcome of SGOT increased SGPT increased AE a lab test abnormal AE that has an outcome of SGPT increased According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'SGPT increased' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 459 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH SGPT represents serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, an enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGPT is released into blood when the liver or heart are damaged. The blood SGPT levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example, from viral hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for example, from a heart attack). Some medications can also raise SGPT levels. SGPT is also called alanine aminotransferase (ALT). thinking abnormality AE 10043431 a behavioral and neurological AE that has an outcome of thinking abnormality According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'thinking abnormality' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 457 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, JX dyspepsia AE 10013946 CTCAE: E10617 NCIt: C26756 HPO: HP_0002577 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'dyspepsia' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 454 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of dyspepsia SIDER: C0013395 Dyspepsia is popularly known as indigestion, meaning hard or difficult digestion. It is a medical condition characterized by chronic or recurrent pain in the upper abdomen, upper abdominal fullness and feeling full earlier than expected when eating. YH anaphylactoid reaction AE 10002198 10002216 HPO: HP_0100845 YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'anaphylactoid reaction' was mentioned in 452 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293078 SIDER: C0340865 an allergy AE which has an outcome of anaphylactoid reaction AE is an acute systemic (multi-system) and very severe Type I Hypersensitivity allergic reaction in humans and other mammals. Minute amounts of allergens may cause a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction. gastrointestinal disorder AE SIDER: C0017178 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'gastrointestinal disorder' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 449 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a digestive system AE which has an outcome of a gastrointestinal disorder YH HPO: HP_0011024 ascites AE 10003445 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23296107 DJ, SS, YH an edema AE that has an outcome of accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity CTCAE: E10502 HPO: HP_0001541 NCIt: C2885 SIDER: C0003962 serum sickness AE 10040400 a hypersensitivity AE which has an outcome of serum sickness Serum sickness is a reaction to proteins in antiserum derived from an animal source. It is a type of hypersensitivity, specifically immune complex hypersensitivity (type III). According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'serum sickness' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 428 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, MW NCIt: C79718 CTCAE: E11276 injection-site abscess AE an abscess AE which has an outcome of injection-site abscess YH abnormal electroencephalogram result AE 10000130 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abnormal electroencephalogram' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 420 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, EB WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/eeg/MY00296 a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that is the abnormal result of a procedure that uses small, flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to your scalp to detect electrical activity in your brain vertigo AE 10047340 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'vertigo' was mentioned in 412 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). NCIt: C38057 Vertigo is a specific type of dizziness, a major symptom of a balance disorder. It is the sensation of spinning or swaying while the body is actually stationary with respect to the surroundings. The effects of vertigo may be slight. It can cause nausea and vomiting and, in severe cases, it may give rise to difficulties with standing and walking. HPO: HP_0002321 SIDER: C0042571 CTCAE: E10291 YH a dizziness AE that has an outcome of vertigo cardiac arrest 10007515 10007617 10028596 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+arrest a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of heartarrest, the abrupt cessation of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of the heart to contract effectively during systole. cardiopulmonary arrest YH circulatory arrest NCIT: C50479 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction CTCAE: E10101 heart arrest AE bronchitis AE SIDER: C0006277 YH a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of bronchitis HPO: HP_0002837 Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea (windpipe) and the large and small bronchi (airways) within the lungs become inflamed because of infection or other causes. grand malconvulsion AE YH a seizure AE that has an outcome of grand malconvulsion A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). liver function test abnormal AE 10019670 10024690 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatic+function MP: MP_0000609 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'liver function tests abnormal' was mentioned in 717 VAERS reports (0.6%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a liver related investigation result abnormal AE which shows an abnormal test result in a liver function test, indicating aberrant function of liver. ear AE an AE that occurs in ear. SIDER: C0013447 ear disorder AE YH HPO: HP_0000598 viral infection AE viral infection HPO: HP_0005364 SIDER: C0042769 an infection AE that results in detrimental colonization of a host organism by virus YH, SS WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_infection lacrimation disorder AE Lacrimation is the production, secretion, and shedding of tears. a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of lacrimation disorder YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'lacrimation disorder' was mentioned in 334 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). jaundice AE 10023126 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaundice According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'jaundice' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 317 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). icterus AE MP: MP_0000611 SIDER: C0022346 a liver/biliary system AE which has an outcome of jaundice, which is the clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia, with deposition of bile pigments in the skin, resulting in yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes HPO: HP_0000952 SS, YH abscess AE 10000269 abscessus an immune system disorder AE which shows an enclosed collection of liquefied tissue, known as pus, somewhere in the body. Abscess is the result of the body's defensive reaction to foreign material. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/abscess HPO: HP_0002722 An abscess is a collection of pus (dead neutrophils) that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue on the basis of an infectious process (usually caused by bacteria or parasites) or other foreign materials (e.g. splinters, bullet wounds, or injecting needles). It is a defensive reaction of the tissue to prevent the spread of infectious materials to other parts of the body. SIDER: C0000833 YH eye pain AE 10015958 SIDER: C0151827 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'eye pain' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 316 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a pain AE that has an outcome of eye pain CTCAE: E10376 NCIt: C78287 HPO: HP_0200025 YH palpitation AE 10033557 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpitations a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of palpitation A palpitation is an abnormal awareness of the beating of the heart, whether it is too slow, too fast, irregular, or at its normal frequency. YH tongue edema AE 10042727 tongue swelling AE an edema AE which has an outcome of tongue edema tongue oedema AE YH, RR WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=97582 ear pain AE 10014020 NCIt: C37944 HPO: HP_0010833 YH CTCAE: E10262 SIDER: C0013456 a pain AE that has an outcome of ear pain According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'ear pain' was mentioned in 302 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). angioedema AE 10002473 an edema AE which has an outcome of angioedema Angioedema is the rapid swelling (edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues often around the eyes and lips. It is very similar to urticaria, but urticaria, commonly known as hives, occurs in the upper dermis. angioneurotic edema WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hives-and-angioedema/basics/definition/con-20014815 YH, SJ rheumatoid arthritis AE HPO: HP_0005681 An arthritis AE that has the outcome of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints and may also cause inflammation of the tissue around the joints, as well as other organs in the body. SIDER: C0003873 YH immune system AE According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'immune system disorder' was mentioned in 292 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). HPO: HP_0002715 YH SIDER: C0021053 immune system disorder AE an AE that occurs in immune system. antinuclear antibody present AE anti-nuclear factor present The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) that are antibodies directed against contents of the cell nucleus. ANAs are present in higher than normal numbers in autoimmune disease. The ANA test measures the pattern and amount of autoantibody which can attack the body's tissues as if they were foreign material. Autoantibodies are present in low titers in the general population, but in about 5% of the population, their concentration is increased, and about half of this 5% have an autoimmune disease. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'antinuclear antibody present'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 288 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH an immune system disorder AE which has an outcome of antinuclear antibody present myelitis AE 10028524 a nervous system AE which involves inflammation of the spinal cord, which disrupts central nervous system functions linking the brain and limbs. CTCAE: E12732 YH, MW NCIt: C26832 migraine AE migraine headache YH HPO: HP_0002076 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'migraine'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 267 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a headache AE that has an outcome of migraine SIDER: C0149931 A migraine is a very painful type of headache. People who get migraines often describe the pain as pulsing or throbbing in one area of the head. During migraines, people are very sensitive to light and sound. They may also become nauseated and vomit. thrombocytopenic purpura AE 10043561 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'thrombocytopenic purpura'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 267 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). HPO: HP_0004829 Thrombocytopenic purpura AE are purpura AE associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of causes. YH SIDER: C0857305 multiple sclerosis AE 10028245 disseminated sclerosis encephalomyelitis disseminata MS YH multiple sclerosis AE is an immune system disorder AE, or an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the central nervous system, leading to demyelination. amnesia AE 10001949 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of amnesia in a patient HPO: HP_0002354 SIDER: C0002622 CTCAE:E12585 Amnesia is a short term memory condition in which memory is disturbed. In simple terms it is the loss of memory. YH, MW NCIt:C2867 incoordination AE YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'incoordination' was mentioned in 261 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of incoordination a lack of normal adjustment of muscular action so that the intended movement of the limb or other part is not made smoothly and harmoniously, and does not accurately achieve its objective. If the abnormality is hypermetric, the condition is referred to as ataxia. If it is inclined to weakness, e.g. knuckling at the turn, stumbling, failure to flex limbs properly, or to misdirection as in a proprioceptive deficit, it is called incoordination. voice alteration AE 10047681 YH, MW a speech disorder that has an outcome of voice alteration CTCAE: E13601 NCIt: C61043 abortion AE 10000210 a pregnancy AE that is the termination of a pregnancyby the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo, resulting in or caused by its death. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abortion'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 257 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, SS psychological shock AE 10001084 mental shock AE acute stress reaction AE Mental shock (or shock) is a psychological condition arising in response to a terrifying event. It should not be confused with the unrelated circulatory condition of shock. acute stress disorder AE a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of shock YH There are two types of shocks. Another is circulatory shock which is physiological with MedDRA ID of 10040560. purpura AE 10037549 HPO: HP_0000979 Purpura is the appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. They are caused by bleeding underneath the skin. This is common with typhus and can be present with meningitis caused by meningococcal meningitis or septicaemia. Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpura. NCIt:C78787 YH, MW CTCAE:E13690 紫癜 SIDER: C0034150 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'purpura'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 251 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a skin discoloration AE which has an outcome of purpura bacterial infection AE 10060945 bacterial infection AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_infection an infection AE that results in detrimental colonization of a host organism by bacteria HPO: HP_0002718 YH, SS SIDER: C0004623 skin striae AE SIDER: C0152459 YH stretch marks striae distensae HPO: HP_0001065 a skin adverse event that has an outcome of skin striae that displays irregular areas of skin that look like bands, stripes, or lines. Striae are seen when a person grows or gains weight rapidly or has certain diseases or conditions. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'skin striae'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 247 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). acute brain syndrome AE a syndrome AE that has an outcome of an acute brain syndrome AE and occurs after a medical intervention. YH coma AE 10010071 Coma is a profound state of unconsciousness. A comatose person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to pain or light, does not have sleep-wake cycles, and does not take voluntary actions. HPO: HP_0001259 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of coma YH SIDER: C0009421 hyperkinesia AE 10020651 SIDER: C0424295 HPO: HP_0002487 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of hyperkinesia, an abnormal increase in muscular activity. YH cardiovascular AE 10007649 HPO: HP_0001626 SIDER: C0007222 YH an AE that occurs in cardiovascular system. cardiovascular disorder AE encephalopathy AE 10014625 SIDER: C0085584 CTCAE:E12652 NCIt:C26920 YH, MW a nervous system AE which has an outcome of encephalopathy, which is disorder or disease of the brain. HPO: HP_0007239 urine abnormality AE SIDER: C0235639 a urinary system AE that has an outcome of urine abnormality AE HPO: HP_0011036 YH gastroenteritis AE 10017888 HPO: HP_0004386 YH SIDER: C0017160 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'gastroenteritis' was mentioned in 218 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastroenteritis a gastrointestinal disorder AE which has an outcome of gastroenteritis, an inflammation occuring in the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach and the small intestine, often results in diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain and cramping peripheral vascular disorder AE SIDER: C0085096 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of peripheral vascular disorder HPO: HP_0005299 YH urinary tract infection AE 10046571 SIDER: C0042029 HPO: HP_0000094 YH CTCAE: E11614 NCIt: C50791 a urinary system AE that has an outcome of urnary tract infection AE increased salivation AE MP: MP_0000622 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'increased salivation' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 336 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). an abnormal salivary gland physiology AE which has an outcome of increased salivation, meaning greater than normal amounts of flowing saliva depression AE 10012378 CTCAE:E12909 a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of depression. Depression causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. NCIt:C2982 SIDER: C0011570 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/definition/con-20032977 YH, MW HPO: HP_0000716 diabetes mellitus AE 10012601 HPO: HP_0000819 SIDER: C0011849 YH diabetes AE a glucose homeostasis AE which has an outcome of diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus, often referred to simply as diabetes, is a syndrome of disordered metabolism, usually due to a combination of hereditary and environmental causes, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). laryngitis AE 10023874 CTCAE: E11435 YH SIDER: C0023067 Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx. It causes hoarse voice or the complete loss of the voice because of irritation to the vocal folds (vocal cords). NCIt: C26811 HPO: HP_0001600 a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of laryngitis According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'laryngitis'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 190 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). generalized spasm AE YH a muscle spasm AE which has an outcome of generalized spasm, which is an involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve skeletal muscle (MUSCLE, SKELETAL) or smooth muscle (MUSCLE, SMOOTH). obsolete: reflexes decreased AE a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of reflexes decreased, an abnormal decrease in an involuntary response to a peripheral stimulus According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'reflexes decreased'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 178 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). Obsoleted because of duplication. It's an alternative term of hyporeflexia AE now. YH hyporeflexia AE dry mouth AE 10013781 xerostomia NCIt: C26917 HPO: HP_0000217 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of dry mouth, which is dryness of the mouth resulting from reduced salivary secretion YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'dry mouth'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 171 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). CTCAE: E10578 SIDER: C0043352 optic neuritis AE 10030942 HPO: HP_0100653 a neuritis AE which has an outcome of optic neuritis SIDER: C0029134 YH thrombocythemia AE YH Thrombocythemia (primary thrombocythemia) is a disorder in which excess platelets are produced, leading to abnormal blood clotting or bleeding. a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of thrombocythemia epistaxis AE 10015090 YH, MW NCIt:C26766 nosebleed Epistaxis is the relatively common occurrence of hemorrhage from the nose, usually noticed when the blood drains out through the nostrils. SIDER: C0014591 HPO: HP_0000421 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of epistaxis CTCAE:E13374 lupus AE 狼疮样综合征 lupus syndrome AE YH, JX WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/lupus/ a syndrome AE that displays a lupus syndrome. Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue. This results in symptoms such as inflammation, swelling, and damage to joints, skin, kidneys, blood, the heart, and lungs. photophobia AE 10034960 Photophobia is a symptom of excessive sensitivity to light and the aversion to sunlight or well-lit places. In medical terms it is not fear, but an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure. CTCAE: E10416 NCIt: C28210 an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of photophobia HPO: HP_0000613 SIDER: C0085636 YH abnormal salivary gland physiology AE MP: MP_0005310 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of abnormal salivary gland physiology, which is any functional anomaly of any of the glands in the mouth that secrete saliva hallucination AE 10019063 10019077 NCIt: C37961 HPO: HP_0000738 A hallucination, in the broadest sense, is a perception in the absence of a stimulus. In a stricter sense, hallucinations are defined as perceptions in a conscious and awake state in the absence of external stimuli which have qualities of real perception, in that they are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space. YH, MW hallucinations AE a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of hallucination SIDER: C0018524 CTCAE: E12919 tongue disorder HPO: HP_0000157 SIDER: C0040409 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of tongue disorder YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'tongue disorder'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 156 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). neuralgia AE 10029223 CTCAE:E12744 a pain AE that has an outcome of neuralgia Neuralgia or neuropathic pain can be defined most simply as non-nociceptive pain. Neuralgia is pain produced by a change in neurological structure or function. Unlike nociceptive pain, Neuralgia exists with no continuous nociceptive input. Neuralgia falls into two categories: central Neuralgia and peripheral Neuralgia. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'neuralgia'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 155 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). NCIt:C79695 HPO: HP_0003489 SIDER: C0027796 YH, MW lung edema AE an edema AE which has an outcome of lung edema YH circumoral paresthesia AE a paresthesia AE that occurs around the mouth. YH HPO: HP_0003401 SIDER: C0151838 thirst AE 10043458 SIDER: C0039971 an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of thirst HPO: HP_0001959 Thirst is the craving for liquids, resulting in the basic instinct of humans or animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance. YH bone AE 10005956 HPO: HP_0000924 SIDER: C0005940 YH a musculoskeletal system AE that occurs in the bone bone disorder fetal disorder AE a perinatal AE that displays fetal disorder. YH emotional liability AE a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of emotional liability YH muscle spasm AE 10028334 MP: MP_0000743 SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasm a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of muscle spasm, which is an involuntary and often painful muscle contraction or cramps having a number of causes ranging from nutritional deficiency to serious nervous system conditions tendon disorder AE a connective tissue disorder AE that occurs at the location of tendon YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'tendon disorder'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 137 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendon disorder is a medical condition that results in a tendon not functioning normally. hostility AE 10020400 YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of hostility visual field defect AE 10047555 10047571 SS, YH visual impairment AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of visual field defect myopathy AE 10028641 SIDER: C0026848 HPO: HP_0003198 MP: MP_0000751 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of myopathy AE, an abnormal condition or disease of the skeletal muscle apathy AE 10002942 HPO: HP_0000741 SIDER: C0085632 YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of apathy state impassivity perfunctoriness Apathy is a state of indifference, or the suppression of emotions such as concern, excitement, motivation and passion. An apathetic individual has an absence of interest or concern to emotional, social, or physical life. They may also exhibit an insensibility or sluggishness. hemiplegia AE 10019468 YH SIDER: C0018991 HPO: HP_0002301 a paralysis AE that has an outcome of hemiplegia Hemiplegia is total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body. Hemiplegia is more severe than hemiparesis, wherein one half of the body is weakened but not paralysed. According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'hemiplegia'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 129 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). pustular rash AE 10037888 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'pustular rash'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 128 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). CTCAE: E11545 a rash AE that is characterized by a circumscribed and elevated skin lesion filled with pus. rash pustular AE NCIt: C80119 YH blood creatine phosphokinase level increased AE 10005470 YH, EB elevated serum creatine phosphate kinase AE a blood creatine phosphokinase level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased level of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) or phosphocreatine kinase, an enzyme expressed by various tissue types that catalyses the conversion of creatine and consumes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) intracranial hypertension AE 10049977 a hypertension AE that has an outcome of elevated pressure in the skull. WEB: http://www.ihrfoundation.org/intracranial/hypertension/info/C16 YH, SS sensorimotor painful neuropathy AE AG, YH a sensory neuropathy AE which shows a painful neuropathy characterized by damage to sensory and motor nerves abnormal stool AE According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abnormal stools' was mentioned in 111 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a digestive system AE which has an outcome of abnormal stool YH bone pain AE 10006002 NCIt:C38644 YH, MW CTCAE:E12392 SIDER: C0151825 a pain AE that has an outcome of bone pain HPO: HP_0002653 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'bone pain' was mentioned in 109 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). cerebrovascular accident AE 10008190 HPO: HP_0001297 YH stroke SIDER: C0038454 Cerebrovascular accident: The sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain. A CVA is also referred to as a stroke. a cardiovascular disorder AE that comes with cerebrovascular accident parotid gland enlargement AE 10034023 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of parotid gland enlargement According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'parotid gland enlargement' was mentioned in 103 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH flatulence AE 10016766 YH a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of flatulence CTCAE: E10697 SIDER: C0016204 NCIt: C37954 Flatulence is the production of a mixture of gases in the digestive tract of mammals or other animals that are byproducts of the digestion process. Such a mixture of gases is known as flatus, and is expelled from the rectum in a process colloquially referred to as "passing gas" or "farting". HPO: HP_0011024 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'flatulence' was mentioned in 102 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). liver damage AE a liver/biliary system AE which has an outcome of liver damage YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'liver damage' was mentioned in 102 VAERS reports (<0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). sore throat AE 10041367 CTCAE: E13575 NCIt: C50747 a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of sore throat YH, MW paralysis AE 10033799 a movement disorder AE that results in the loss of power of voluntary movement in a muscle through injury or disease of its nerve supply HPO: HP_0010549 SIDER: C0522224 MP: MP_0000753 瘫痪 WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/paralysis.html SS, YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'paralysis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 574 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). aseptic necrosis bone AE 10003460 DJ, SS, YH a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of cellular death of bone components due to interupption of blood supply WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/avascular+necrosis weight loss AE 10047895 10047900 NCIt: C3445 MP: MP_0001263 CTCAE: E12228 MW, YH weight decreased AE a physical examination result abnormal AE that has an outcome of weight loss, which is the progressive reduction of body weight below normal average for age ataxia AE 10003591 CTCAE:E12597 SIDER: C0004134 HPO: HP_0001251 a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of ataxia, inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'ataxia' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 555 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). YH, MW NCIt:C26702 MP: MP_0001393 skin AE 10040831 WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/skin+disorder a hair, skin, and nail AE that occurs in skin. YH abnormal gait AE 10017577 gait disturbance AE NCIt: C78303 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21224774 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'abnormal gait' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 998 VAERS reports (0.8%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of unusual or distinctive way of walking SS, YH CTCAE: E11112 MP: MP_0001406 dehydration AE 10012174 hypohydration an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of dehydration, which is an excessive water loss from the body or from an organ or bodily part CTCAE:E12258 YH, SS, MW MP: MP_0001429 NCIt:C26740 SIDER: C0011175 HPO: HP_0001944 abnormal fluid regulation AE MP: MP_0001784 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of abnormal fluid regulation, which is any anomaly in the control of intracellular and/or extracellular fluid hyperglycemia AE 10020635 10020639 MP: MP_0001559 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperglycemia a glucose homeostasis AE which has an outcome of hyperglycemia, which is an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood; generally refers to a pathological state CTCAE: E12276 YH, MW NCIt: C26797 abnormal circulating bilirubin level AE a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of abnormal ciculating bilirubin level, which is aberrant concentration in the blood of this yellow heme breakdown product According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'bilirubinemia'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 221 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). MP: MP_0001569 cyanosis AE 10011703 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'cyanosis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,804 VAERS reports (1.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). SIDER: C0010520 MP: MP_0001575 HPO: HP_0000961 a skin adverse event that has an outcome of cyanosis, a dark bluish or purple skin discoloration resulting from deficient oxygenation of the blood anemia AE 10002034 10002272 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001586/ a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of anemia, which is less than normal levels of red blood cells and/or hemoglobin within red blood cells, or volume of packed red blood cells in the bloodstream, resulting in insufficient oxygenation of tissues and organs NCIt: C2869 anaemia AE MP: MP_0001577 CTCAE: E10010 hypotension AE 10005734 10021097 HPO: HP_0002615 NCIt: C3128 YH, MW CTCAE: E13791 blood pressure decreased, low blood pressure MP: MP_0001596 an abnormal blood pressure AE that has an outcome of sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states SIDER: C0020649 irregular heartbeat AE MP: MP_0001636 an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of uneven timing of heart contraction electrolyte blood test abnormal AE an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that shows an abnormal level of an electrolyte in the blood YH, MW abnormal digestion AE MP: MP_0001664 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of abnormal digestion, which is an altered ability of the mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic processes of the body to convert ingested food into material suitable for assimilation for synthesis of tissues or liberation of energy homeostasis AE an AE that occurs in the homeostasis system. anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of various functions and chemical or protein composition of the fluids and tissues MP: MP_0001764 edema AE 10016807 10030095 10042674 MP: MP_0001785 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedema an abnormal fluid regulation AE which has an outcome of edema, which is an accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues oedema, swelling, dropsy WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swelling_(medical) inflammation AE 10061218 SIDER: C0021368 SS, YH HPO: HP_0007891 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation MP: MP_0001846 an immune system disorder AE that results in complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue greater than expected response to injury, infection, or insult. brain inflammation AE According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'encephalitis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 480 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). MP: MP_0001847 an inflammation AE which has an outcome of brain inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the brain increased susceptibility to otitis media AE an ear disorder AE which has an outcome of increased susceptibility to otitis media, which is greater likelihood of middle ear inflammation, with an accumulation of a thick, mucous-like fluid; usually associated with a viral or bacterial respiratory infection MP: MP_0001850 eye inflammation AE 10015943 MP: MP_0001851 HPO: HP_0100533 an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of eye inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the eye SIDER: C0239429 conjunctivitis AE 10010741 an eye inflammation AE which has an outcome of conjunctivitis, which is inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the front of the eyeball SIDER: C0009763 NCIt: C34504 MP: MP_0001852 HPO: HP_0000509 CTCAE: E10355 liver inflammation AE YH, JX MP: MP_0001860 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'hepatitis' was mentioned in 387 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). an inflammation AE that shows a local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the liver lung inflammation AE According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'pneumonia' was mentioned in 879 VAERS reports (0.7%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). MP: MP_0001861 aa inflammation AE which has an outcome of lung inflammation, a local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the lung respiratory system inflammation AE MP: MP_0002405 an inflammation AE which occurs in the respiratory system, which is reflected with the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the respiratory system vasculitis AE 10047115 NCIt:C26912 MP: MP_0001864 CTCAE:E13837 YH, MW HPO: HP_0002633 an inflammation AE that has an outcome of vasculitis, which is an inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel SIDER: C0042384 It's an inflammation. salivary gland inflammation AE MP: MP_0001870 an inflammation AE which has an outcome of salivary gland inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the salivary gland sinusitis AE 10040753 SS, YH, RR CTCAE: E11563 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sinusitis'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 298 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). MP: MP_0001872 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusitis a respiratory system inflammation AE which has an outcome of sinus inflammation, an inflammation of paranasal sinuses, which may be due to infection, allergy, or autoimmune issues. sinus inflammation AE HPO: HP_0000246 SIDER: C0037199 NCIt: C35024 allergy AE 10001718 10001738 anaphylactic reaction AE allergic reaction AE CTCAE: E11248 MP: MP_0001878 过敏反应 NCIt: C3114 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy allergic response AE JX, LW, YH a hypersensitivity AE which results in an allergic response showing a marked increase in reactivity to an antigen upon subsequent exposure. 变态反应 abnormal cerebrospinal fluid production AE MP: MP_0001911 a nervous system AE which has an outcome of abnormal cerebrospinal fluid production, an anomaly in the normal output of the fluid that fills the ventricles and other cavities of the brain and spinal cord nervous system AE 10029202 KY, YH an AE that occurs in nervous system. MP: MP_0003633 nervous system disorder AE URL: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/overview_of_nervous_system_disorders_85,P00799/ abnormal respiration AE Not sure if it is same as respiratory system disorder or abnormal respiration. --Oliver He MP: MP_0001943 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'respiratory disorder' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 556 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of abnormal respiration, an anomaly in the movement of gases into and out of the lung apnea AE respiratory arrest AE JX, YH, MW NCIt: C26698 MedDRA: 10002974 is for "apnoea"; MedDRA: 10002972 is for "apnea". According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'apnea' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 1,618 VAERS reports (1.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). CTCAE: E13306 apnoea AE UMLS CUI: C0003578 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apnea MP: MP_0001957 an abnormal respiration AE which has an outcome of apnea, temporary cessation of breathing; sometimes episodic deafness AE 10011878 MP: MP_0001967 HPO: HP_0000365 SIDER: C0011053 an ear disorder AE which has an outcome of deafness, which is an inability to hear gustatory system AE MP: MP_0001985 YH, JX an adverse event that occurs in a gustatory system taste sensitivity AE MP: MP_0001986 a gustatory system AE which has an outcome of taste sensitivity, or changes in the ability to perceive a particular flavor or suggestion of something imparting a flavor by the chemoreceptors of the gustatory system polyuria AE 10036142 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyuria LW, ML, JX, YH a urinary system AE that has an outcome of excessive or abnormally large production or passage of urine. 多尿 blindness AE 10005169 SIDER: C0456909 HPO: HP_0000618 MP: MP_0002001 an abnormal vision AE which has an outcome of blindness, which is loss of the sense of sight abnormal vision AE MP: MP_0002090 an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of abnormal vision, which is an inability or decreased ability to see seizure AE 10039906 10039910 CTCAE: E12804 WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/seizures 突然发作 YH, JX, YH MP: MP_0002064 NCIt: C2962 a behavior and neurological AE that shows a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain. behavioral and neurological AE WEB: http://www.psychguides.com/guides/behavioral-disorder-symptoms-causes-and-effects/ YH, JX any anomaly in the actions, reactions, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli compared to controls behavior AE disruptive behavioral disorder AE MP: MP_0004924 an adverse event that has an outcome of an abnormal behavior and neurological phenotype. behavioral AE behavioral disorder AE movement disorder AE 10028035 HPO: HP_0100022 SIDER: C0026650 MP: MP_0002066 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of altered ability to coordinate voluntary movement or repetitive, compulsive movements sensory capability AE MP: MP_0002067 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of inability or altered ability to respond to a sensory stimulus glucose homeostasis AE MP: MP_0002078 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of glucose homeostasis, which is an anomaly in the processes involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of glucose in the fluids and tissues hypersensitivity AE 10020751 HPO: HP_0100326 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity Hypersensitivity AE is a immune system AE that is a set of undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity. These reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or occasionally fatal. JX, LW, YH hypersensitivity reaction AE 超敏反应 SIDER: C0020517 MP: MP_0002148 muscular atrophy AE YH MP: MP_0002269 Muscle atrophy is a wasting of muscle tissue resulting in a derangement of the muscle fibers; occurs with age, immobilization, weightlessness, malnutrition or denervation. a muscle adverse event AE which has an outcome of muscular atrophy. hyperventilation AE 10020910 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'Petechiae' was mentioned in 510 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). SIDER: C0020578 HPO: HP_0002883 MP: MP_0002320 an abnormal respiration AE which has an outcome of hyperventilation, i.e., increased alveolar ventilation relative to metabolic carbon dioxide production; results in carbon dioxide pressure decreasing below normal hypoventilation AE 10021133 10038678 respiratory depression AE HPO: HP_0007110 MP: MP_0002321 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoventilation QL, YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'hypoventilation' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 321 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). SIDER: C0398353 呼吸抑制 an abnormal respiration AE which has an outcome of hypoventilation, i.e., reduced alveolar ventilation relative to metabolic carbon dioxide production; results in alveolar carbon dioxide pressure increasing above normal hematopoietic system AE MP: MP_0002396 an adverse event which occurs in a hematopoietic system, which is any structural or developmental anomaly of the blood cells or the organs associated with the development and formation of blood cells mydriasis AE 10028521 HPO: HP_0011499 SIDER: C0026961 MP: MP_0002546 an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of mydriasis, which is dilation of one or both pupils regardless of light conditions increased heart rate AE 10019303 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of greater than average resting heart beats per minute, usually measured by the number of times the heart ventricles contract per unit of time, usually per minute tachycardia MP: MP_0002626 hyperresponsive to tactile stimuli AE MP: MP_0002738 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of exaggerated reflex action opisthotonus AE 10030899 YH a muscle spasm AE that has an outcome of opisthotonus MP: MP_0002880 SIDER: C0151818 HPO: HP_0002179 opisthotonus is a form of tetanic spasm in which the head, neck and spine are bent backward and the body is bowed forward joint inflammation AE An joint disorder AE that has an outcome of joint inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the joints MP: MP_0002933 YH increased lactate dehydrogenase level AE MP: MP_0002944 an abnormal enzyme level AE which has an outcome of incraesed lactate dehydrogenase level, which is greater than the normal concentration of this enzyme, which catalyzes the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate increased circulating alkaline phosphatase level AE MP: MP_0002968 an abnormal enzyme level AE which has an outcome of increased circulating alkaline phophatase level, which is an elevated activity of this enzyme, which hydrolyzes orthophosphoric monoesters, found in the blood arthritis AE 10003246 A joint inflammation AE that has an outcome of arthritis, marked by changes in the synovial membranes and thickening of articular structures, widespread degeneration of the collagen fibers in connective tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures SIDER: C0003864 CTCAE:E12378 HPO: HP_0001369 MP: MP_0002993 NCIt:C2883 YH, MW 关节炎 dysphagia AE 10013950 SIDER: C0011168 NCIt: C2980 CTCAE: E10621 HPO: HP_0002015 MP: MP_0003158 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of dysphagia, which is a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of difficulty in swallowing food or liquid decreased lateral semicircular canal size AE MP: MP_0003162 an ear disorder AE which has an outcome of decreased lateral semicircular canal size, which is small size of the lateral long bony tube of the labyrinth that is involved in the sense of balance platelet count decreased AE 10035528 HPO: HP_0001873 MP: MP_0003179 NCIt: C3408 CTCAE: E12207 SS, YH SIDER: C0392386 a hematopoietic system AE which has an outcome of decreased platelet count, which is fewer than the normal numbers of the non-nucleated cells found in the blood and involved in blood coagulation decreased platelet cell number AE nausea AE 10028813 CTCAE: E10878 NCIt: C3258 MP: MP_0003259; MDR: 10028813 HPO: HP_0002018 SIDER: C0027497 an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of nausea, a gastric discomfort associated with the inclination to vomit vomiting AE 10047700 NCIt: C3442 SIDER: C0042963 MP: MP_0003260; MDR: 10047700 regurgitation AE CTCAE: E11068 HPO: HP_0002013 an abnormal digestion AE which has an outcome of vomiting, the retrograde expulsion of gastric contents through the oral cavity constipation AE 10010774 CTCAE: E10562 MP: MP_0003267 infrequent bowel movements AE SIDER: C0009806 NCIt: C37930 HPO: HP_0002019 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'constipation'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 242 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). an abnormal defecation AE that has an outcome of constipation, which is incomplete, infrequent or difficult evacuation of fecal matter abnormal defecation AE MP: MP_0003866 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of abnormal defecation, an anomaly in the production and excretion of feces urinary incontinence AE MP: MP_0003280 HPO: HP_0000020 SIDER: C0042024 YH, MW MedDRA: 10046543 CTCAE: E13042 NCIt: C78497 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/urinaryincontinence.html a urinary system AE that has an outcome of the symptom of urinary incontinence, which is the inability to control the urinary excretory functions. clonus AE 10009346 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonus clonus AE causes large motions that are usually initiated by a reflex. SJ, YH clonus AE is a series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and relaxations. pallor AE 10033546 MP: MP_0003717 SIDER: C0030232 HPO: HP_0008361 a skin discoloration AE which has an outcome of pallor, an unnatural paleness to the skin, generally attributable to anemia tinnitus AE 10043882 HPO: HP_0000360 MP: MP_0003741 CTCAE: E10287 NCIt: C50772 SIDER: C0040264 an hearing disorder AE that shows a persistent sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, or other noises in the ear stomatitis AE 10042128 MP: MP_0003746 SIDER: C0038362 This is a type of inflammation. HPO: HP_0010280 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stomatitis a digestive system AE which has an outcome of stomatitis, which is an inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth mouth mucosal ulceration AE MP: MP_0003747 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'mouth ulceration' was mentioned in 246 VAERS reports (0.2%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). a digestive system AE which has an outcome of mouth mucosal ulceration, which is lesions through the mucous membrane of the mouth, usually associated with loss of tissue abnormal muscle tone AE MP: MP_0004142 YH a muscle adverse event AE that has an outcome of abnormal muscle tone, which is an anomaly in the resting tautness or laxity of a muscle, normally somewhere in the middle of the range between total contraction and total relaxation hypertonia AE 10020852 SIDER: C0026826 HPO: HP_0001276 MP: MP_0004143 YH an abnormal muscle tone AE which has an outcome of hypertonia, which is increased muscle tension resulting in stiffness of the muscles in the resting state hypotonia AE 10021118 SIDER: C0026827 YH HPO: HP_0009062 MP: MP_0004144 an abnormal muscle tone AE which has an outcome of hypotonia, which is decreased muscle tension resulting in limpness of the muscles in the resting state, not to be confused with weakness myositis AE 10028653 MP: MP_0004510 NCIt:C27578 YH, MW CTCAE:E12489 HPO: HP_0009071 SIDER: C0027121 a muscle inflammation AE which has an outcome of myositis, which is an inflammation of skeletal muscle; local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the striated muscle muscle inflammation AE YH MP: MP_0004511 a muscle adverse event which has an outcome of muscle inflammation, which is a local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in muscle lymphocyte count increased AE 10025258 MP: MP_0005013 increased lymphocyte cell number AE NCIt: C34791 EB According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'lymphocytosis'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 129 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). lymphocyte cell number increased AE CTCAE: E12195 a lymphocyte count abnormal AE that has an outcome of greater than normal number of the cells involved in adaptive immune reactions of the body in most inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including B cells, T cells and natural killer cells diarrhea AE 10012735 NCIt: C2987 diarrhoea AE MP: MP_0005036 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/diarrhea CTCAE: E10572 an abnormal defecation AE that has an outcome of diarrhea, which is abnormally frequent discharge of semi-solid or fluid fecal matter from the bowel hypoxia AE 10021143 YH, MW MP: MP_0005039 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoxia SIDER: C0242184 CTCAE:E13388 NCIt:C3890 HPO: HP_0002795 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of hypoxia, which is a reduced concentration of O2 in the blood, alveoli or other tissues resulting in the decreased pressure of this component of body gases sepsis AE 10040047 HPO: HP_0002718 CTCAE: E11560 SIDER: C0243026 According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'sepsis' was mentioned in 416 VAERS reports (0.3%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). MP: MP_0005044 SS NCIt: C3364 an infectious adverse event which has an outcome of the presence of various pathogenic organisms, or their toxins, in the blood or tissues that results in the infections in blood stream. hematuria AE 10018867 10018870 10019450 MP: MP_0005161 YH, SJ, MW WEB: http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/hematuria/ NCIt: C3090 a urinary system AE that results in the presence of blood in the urine blood urine blood urine presence haematuria AE UMLS CUI: C0018965 (hematuria AND haematuria); UMLS CUI: C0947999 (blood urine presence) CTCAE: E13000 Hematuria AE can be caused by menstruation, vigorous exercise, sexual activity, viral illness, trauma, or infection, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), along with more serious disorders such as cancer, disease, and clotting. abnormal enzyme level AE MP: MP_0005319 a homeostasis AE which has an outcome of abnormal enzyme level, which is an altered level of any enzyme or their cofactors, that act as catalysts to induce chemical changes in other substances decreased heart rate AE 10019301 an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of fewer than average resting heart beats per minute, usually measured by the number of times the heart ventricles contract per unit of time, usually per minute YH, JX heart rate decreased AE MP: MP_0005333 urinary system AE MP: MP_0005502 YH an adverse event that has an outcome of urinary system AE is a functional anomaly of any of the organs involved in the production or excretion of urine hypothermia AE 10021113 YH, SJ decreased body temperature AE CTCAE: E11122 MP: MP_0005534 Hypothermia AE is a medical emergency that occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature. NCIt: C78351 an abnormal body temperature AE which has an outcome of decreased body temperature, which is less than the level of heat natural to a living being abnormal body temperature AE MP: MP_0005535 a homeostasis AE whic has an outcome of abnomal body temperature, which is a deviation in the level of heat natural to a living being neuritis AE 10029240 MP: MP_0006082 a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of neuritis, the local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the brain and/or spinal cord double vision AE 10013036 diplopia AE MP: MP_0006150 an abnormal vision AE which has an outcome of double vision, which is two images perceived when only a single object is present hypochromic anemia AE MP: MP_0008387 an anemia AE which has an outcome of hypochromic anemia, which is a hemoglobin deficiency resulting from a reduction in the concentration of hemoglobin in red cells, resulting in insufficient oxygenation of tissues and organs investigation result abnormal AE 10061253 EB, SS, YH This term is used to replace 'lab test abnormal AE'. The reason for this is that some test, like X-ray test, is not considered by many physicians as a lab test. Therefore, we have used this new term to cover a broader scope. All terms asserted under this term represent the investigation results without defined conclusion of disease. laboratory test abnormal an adverse event that is indicated by an abnormal result of an investigation that uses some laboratory equipment, device, or medical technology. nervous AE MP: MP_0008912 a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of nervous According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'nervousness' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 583 VAERS reports (0.5%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). increased, skittish, behavior induced by stimulation such as handling, touching or noise ecchymosis AE 10014080 MP: MP_0009276 HPO: HP_0000978 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of ecchymosis SIDER: C0013491 an ecchymosis is a spot caused by loss of blood from a vessel; it implies a larger size than a petechiae, and has a more diffuse border than purpura; an ecchymosis can be caused by a bruise (which implies trauma), but can also be caused by bleeding diathesis serious adverse event serious adverse event WEB: http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&ved=0CA4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irrd.ca%2Fethics%2Fimages%2FAdverse-event-definition.doc&ei=eqFMS-yFNZSoswOt6siKAQ&usg=AFQjCNGnQcwI8OXH7dqxwo4RgZEEn8X6lg&sig2=UNngkCdO5ZTFvbIB1pKuaA WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serious_adverse_event YH, MC severe adverse event serious adverse event is an adverse event that requires in-patient hospitalization, or prolongation of existing hospitalization, or that causes congenital malformation, or that results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, or that is life threatening or results in death. death AE 10011906 10011914 a serious adverse event that has an outcome of death. HPO: HP_0001645 NCIt: C28554 SIDER: C1306577 YH WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm CTCAE: E11080 life-threating AE 10065044 DJ, SS, YH, JX WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm apparent life threatening event AE a serious AE that is suspected to put the patient at substantial risk of dying at the time of the adverse event, or that the use or continued use of the device or other medical product might have resulted in the death of the patient. hospitalization AE a serious adverse event that leads to hospitalization. Such an adverse event resulted in an admission to the hospital or prolongation of hospitalization. adverse event leading to hospitalization YH, JX WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm disability or permanent damage AE WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm adverse event leading to disability a serious adverse event that leads to disability or permanent damage. Such an adverse event results in a substantial disruption of a person's ability to conduct normal life functions, i.e., the adverse event resulted in a significant, persistent or permanent change, impairment, damage or disruption in the patient's body function/structure, physical activities and/or quality of life. YH, JX congenital anomaly or birth defect AE 10010356 adverse event leading to congenital anomaly WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/birth+defect WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm a serious adverse event that resulted in congenital anomaly and bith defect, leading to suspicions that an exposure to a medical product prior to conception or during pregnancy resulted in an adverse outcome in the child. YH, JX adverse event that requires intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage a serious adverse event which is an adverse event that requires intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage leads to suspicions that the use of a medical product may result in a condition which requires a medical or surgical intervention to preclude permanent impairment or damage to a patient. YH, JX WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm non-serious adverse event WEB: http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&ved=0CA4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irrd.ca%2Fethics%2Fimages%2FAdverse-event-definition.doc&ei=eqFMS-yFNZSoswOt6siKAQ&usg=AFQjCNGnQcwI8OXH7dqxwo4RgZEEn8X6lg&sig2=UNngkCdO5ZTFvbIB1pKuaA YH, MC an adverse event that is considered not serious. low-grade fever AE WEB: http://www.toyourhealth.com/mpacms/tyh/article.php?id=1521 The low-grade level of fever is beneficial. With most microbes/"bugs" that a child will be exposed to, this fever will assist the body in repelling the invader. YH low-grade fever AE is a fever adverse event with a temperature between 100° F and 102.2° F (37.8° C and 39° C). moderate-grade fever AE YH This moderate-grade fever temperature is still considered beneficial. If a child's body has reached this temperature, it's what's needed to kill whatever bacteria or virus their body is attempting to fight. moderate-grade fever AE is a fever adverse event with a temperature typically between 102.2° F and 104.5° F (39° C and 40° C). WEB: http://www.toyourhealth.com/mpacms/tyh/article.php?id=1521 high-grade fever AE This fever may cause the child some discomfort and result in crankiness. Generally indicative of a bacterial infection, this fever means that the body is fighting something more serious than the common cold. WEB: http://www.toyourhealth.com/mpacms/tyh/article.php?id=1521 YH high-grade fever AE is a fever adverse event with a fever temperature greater than 104.5° F (40° C). hyperpyrexia AE 10020741 extreme pyrexia AE YH Axelrod YK1, Diringer MN. Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders. Neurol Clin. 2008 May;26(2):585-603, xi. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005. PMID: 18514828. SIDER: C0392676 HPO: HP_0001945 hyperpyrexia AE is a fever adverse event that has an outcome of an excessive and unusual elevation of set body temperature greater than or equal to 41 °C. It is an extremely high fever. Such a high temperature is considered a medical emergency as it may indicate a serious underlying condition such as sepsis. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpyrexia musculoskeletal pain AE 10028391 Musculoskeletal pain is pain that affects the muscles, ligaments and tendons, along with the bones. WEB: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/musculoskeletal-pain a pain AE that has an outcome of musculoskeletal pain HPO: HP_0003326 SS, YH SIDER: C0026858 injection-site erythema AE 10022061 SS, YH injection-site erythema AE is an erythema AE that results in redness of skin, caused by hyperermia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin at the physical area of injection WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/erythema erythema AE 10015150 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema HPO: HP_0010783 reddish skin SS, YH SIDER: C0041834 Erythema AE is a skin adverse event that showns redness of the skin caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin. MP:0001190 sinus headache AE sinus headache is a headache located over the sinuses, (forehead, corners of the eye, and cheek areas). On occasion, the pain will be felt behind the eyes, in the back of the neck, or may extend into the upper teeth. YH, SS WEB: http://american-rhinologic.org/patientinfo.headache.phtml HPO: HP_0002315 SIDER: C0037195 a headache AE that has an outcome of sinus headache pneumonia AE 10035664 an inflammation AE that occurs in the lung. It is often characterized as including inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung (that is, the alveoli) and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid (consolidation and exudation). WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia HPO: HP_0002090 SS, YH SIDER: C0032285 lobar pneumonia AE 10024738 SIDER: C0032300 lobar pneumonia is pneumonia AE that affects a large and continuous area of the lobe of a lung SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobar_pneumonia HPO: HP_0002090 axillary pain AE axillary pain AE is a pain AE that occurs in the underarm (the area on the human body directly under the join where the arm connects to the shoulder) SS, YH hematoma AE 10006504 10018852 10019428 SS, YH bruising AE an cardiovascular adverse event that is a collection of blood outside the blood vessels, generally the result of hemorrhage, or more specifically, internal bleeding. It is commonly called a bruise. SIDER: C0018944 YH: MedDRA ID: 10018852 is for "haematoma"; MedDRA ID: 10019428 is for "hematoma". WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematoma HPO: HP_0001892 CTCAE: E13775 (hematoma); CTCAE: E11666 (brruising) ecchymoses AE NCIt: C37921 (Bruising); NCIt: C50579 (Hematoma) bruise AE haematoma AE reproductive system AE YH, SS reproductive system AE is an AE that occurs in the reproductive system. antinuclear antibody negative AE an immune system disorder AE which has an outcome of antinuclear antibody negative SS, YH CSF white blood cell count negative AE 10061099 SS, YH, EB a CSF test result abnormal AE that has an outcome of CSF white blood cell count negative influenza serology positive AE 10060078 a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of positive influenza serology test result SS, YH, EB VIIth nerve paralysis AE 10050040 HPO: HP_0006824 YH SIDER: C0919980 a paralysis AE that has an outcome of VIIth nerve paralysis aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE 10003481 DJ, SS, YH, EB CTCAE: E12087 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aspartate+aminotransferase an aspartate aminotransferase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of AST, an enzyme normally present in body tissues especially of the heart and liver NCIt: C26947 accidental overdose in medical intervention 10000381 an incorrect dose administration that accidentally uses overdose SS, YH acute disseminated encephalomyelitis AE 10000709 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_disseminated_encephalomyelitis an immune system disorder AE which has an outcome of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis SS, YH Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immune mediated disease of the brain. It usually occurs following a viral infection but may appear following vaccination, bacterial or parasitic infection, or even appear spontaneously. As it involves autoimmune demyelination, it is similar to multiple sclerosis, and is considered part of the Multiple sclerosis borderline diseases. atrial fibrillation AE 10003658 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/atrial+fibrillation NCIt: C50466 AF SS, YH Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm), and involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart. Its name comes from the fibrillating (i.e., quivering) of the heart muscles of the atria, instead of a coordinated contraction. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation HPO: HP_0005110 SIDER: C0004238 CTCAE: E10081 an arrhythmia AE that involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart arrhythmia AE 10003119 SIDER: C0003811 abnormal heartbeat AE HPO: HP_0011675 cardiac arrhythmia AE a cardiac disorder AE which has an outcome of abnormal heart rhythm MP: MP_0004085 SS, YH WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/arr/ mitral valve stenosis AE 10027733 a cardiac valve disease AE that is characterized by a condition of the heart in which one of the valve openings has become narrow and restricts the flow of blood from the upper left chamber (left atrium) to the lower left chamber (left ventricle). WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mitral+valve+stenosis SS blood creatinine level decreased AE 10005482 SS, YH, EB a blood creatinine level abnormal AE that has an outcome of decreased blood creatine carbon dioxide decreased AE 10007223 a carbon dioxide abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased level of carbon dioxide in the blood SS, YH, EB contraindication to vaccination SS, YH A contraindication that is specifically for vaccination. croup infection AE an infection adverse event that has an outcome of croup infection SS, YH WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/croup/article.htm Croup is an infectious illness of the respiratory system involving the vocal cords (larynx), the windpipe (trachea), and the upper airways of the lungs (bronchial tubes). The majority of a child's symptoms reflect involvement of the larynx. Croup is usually a viral infection and maybe caused by many different viruses, including those responsible for the common cold and influenza. Rarely, croup is caused by a bacterial infection. aspiration AE 10003504 HPO: HP_0002835 DJ, SS, YH, MW NCIt:C15631 CTCAE:E13310 a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of the drawing of a foreign substance into the respiratory tract during inhalation WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aspiration SIDER: C0700198 aspiration pleural cavity AE 10003522 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aspiration a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of the removal of gas or fluid from the pleural cavity of the lungs DJ, SS, YH excoriation AE 10049796 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/excoriation SS, YH a skin adverse event which has an outcome of excoriation AE is an injury to a surface of the body caused by trauma, such as scratching, abrasion, or a chemical or thermal burn. facial pain AE 10016059 a pain AE that has an outcome of facial pain facial pain is a pain in facial area (eyes, eyebrows, forehead, nose, cheeks, mouth, teeth and chin). Facial pain may include injuries to the nerves or bones that coordinate many of your face’s actions. SS, YH WEB: http://www.bettermedicine.com/article/facial-pain CTCAE: E11094 HPO: HP_0100661 SIDER: C0015468 NCIt: C79594 full blood count abnormal AE 10017412 10064198 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal full blood count SS, YH, EB obsolete: hyporeflexia AE 10021089 a reflexes decreased AE that has an outcome of hyporeflexia SIDER: C0151888 HPO: HP_0009072 Obsoleted because of duplication hyporeflexia is the condition of below normal or absent reflexes. Hyporeflexia is generally associated with a lower motor neuron deficit (at the alpha motor neurons from the spinal cord to muscle). SS, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyporeflexia astrocytoma AE 10003571 HPO: HP_0009592 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/astrocytoma DJ, SS, YH a tumor AE that is characterized by cancer in the brain SIDER: C0004114 incorrect dose administration 10064355 SS, YH a medical intervention that uses incorrect dose atelectasis AE 10003598 HPO: HP_0001642 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001130/ CTCAE:E13316 NCIt:C2888 a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of collapse in part of or all of a lung DJ, SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0004144 influenza virus test positive AE 10070717 SS, YH, EB an influenza serology positive AE that has an outcome of positive result in an influenza virus test joint range of motion decreased AE 10048706 NCIt: C78403 CTCAE: E12435 joint range of motion decreased AE is a mobility decreased AE that results in limited or decreased range of joint motion SS, YH, MW laryngospasm AE 10023891 a muscle spasm AE which has an outcome of laryngospasm, which is an uncontrolled/involuntary muscular contraction (spasm) of the laryngeal cords. The condition typically lasts less than 60 seconds, and causes a partial blocking of breathing in, while breathing out remains easier. It may be triggered when the vocal cords or the area of the trachea below the cords detects the entry of water, mucus, blood, or other substance. It is characterized by stridor and or retractions. SS, YH, MW HPO: HP_0006511 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngospasm NCIt:C79609 CTCAE:E13439 SIDER: C0023066 lymphocyte percentage decreased AE 10052231 a lymphocyte percentage abnormal AE that has an outcome of decreased lymphocyte percentage SS, YH, EB monocyte percentage increased AE 10052230 a monocyte percentage abnormal AE that has an outcome of increased monocyte percentage SS, YH, EB nuclear magnetic resonance imaging brain abnormal AE 10029818 a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging result abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal nuclear magnetic resonance imaging test of the brain SS, YH periorbital edema AE periorbial edema AE is an edema AE that has an outcome of swelling around the eye. NCIt: C78530 Periorbital puffiness, also known as "puffy eyes" or swelling around the eyes, refers to the appearance of swelling in the tissues around the eyes, called the orbits. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periorbital_puffiness CTCAE: E13676 UMLS CUI: C0151205 periorbital oedema AE SS, YH MedDRA: 10034545 is for "periorbital edema"; MedDRA: 10054541 is for "periorbital oedema" periorbital puffiness pregnancy test positive 10036556 10036575 a physical quality of a process that shows a positive result of a pregnancy test. SS, YH hypermagnesemia AE 10020670 YH, MW WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/246489-overview a blood magnesium abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormally high concentration of magnesium in the blood plasma, and may cause nausea, weakness and tremors. NCIt: C37969 CTCAE: E12288 UMLS CUI: C0151714 sensation of foreign body AE 10061549 SS, YH a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation feeling of foreign body sensation of heaviness AE a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a sensation feeling of heaviness feeling heavy AE SS, YH sensory loss AE 10040030 SS, YH SIDER: C0278134 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a loss of sensation HPO: HP_0003474 skin exfoliation AE 10040844 a skin adverse event that has an outcome of skin exfoliation SIDER: C0237849 SS, YH HPO: HP_0007549 stomach discomfort AE 10042124 stomach upset AE SS, YH 胃部不适 a digestive system AE which has an outcome of stomach discomfort autoantibody positive AE 10060973 an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of autoantibodies present DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/autoantibody stridor AE 10042241 a wheezing AE which has an outcome of stridor, a high pitched wheezing sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the upper airway. It is primarily inspiratory. It can be indicative of serious airway obstruction from severe conditions such as epiglottitis, a foreign body lodged in the airway, or a laryngeal tumor. SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0038450 NCIt:C78632 CTCAE:E13579 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stridor HPO: HP_0010307 skin ulceration AE 10040943 10040947 SIDER: C0037299 skin ulcer AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer_%28dermatology%29 HPO: HP_0200042 NCIt: C54247 CTCAE: E13730 a skin AE that shows a result of skin ulcer, i.e., a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. Ulcers can result in complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis and even subcutaneous fat. SS, YH, MW underdose adminstration in medical intervention SS, YH an incorrect dose administration that uses underdose upper respiratory tract congestion AE a respiratory tract congestion AE which has an outcome of upper respiratory tract congestion SS, YH urine analysis result abnormal AE 10062226 SS, YH, EB a urinary system investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of a urine analysis abnormality urine ketone body present AE 10057597 a urine analysis result abnomal AE that shows ketone body present in urine SS, YH, EB, QL autoimmune hepatitis AE 10003827 SIDER: C0241910 HPO: HP_0004787 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001291/ a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of inflammation of the liver that occurs when immune cells mistake the liver's normal cells for harmful invaders and attack them DJ, SS, YH vaginal hemorrhage AE NCIt: C26945 CTCAE: E13264 MedDRA: 10046910 is for "vaginal haemorrhage"; MedDRA: 10046912 is for "vaginal hemorrhage" vaginal hemorrhage is irregular/heavy bleeding from the vagina. Vaginal hemorrhage is more often associated with pregnancy complications such as miscarriage or placental abruption, but certainly can occur in the absence of pregnancy. a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of vaginal hemorrhage SS, YH, MW WEB: http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/Military_OBGYN/Textbook/AbnormalBleeding/Bleeding.htm vaginal haemorrhage AE vasodilatation AE a cardiovascular disorder AE which has an outcome of vasodilatation, which refers to the widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, particularly in the large arteries, smaller arterioles and large veins. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation SS, YH HPO: HP_0004927 SIDER: C0595862 bacteremia AE 10003997 a bacterial infection AE that has an outcome of bacteria in the blood WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bacteremia DJ, SS, YH bacteraemia AE bacterial sepsis AE 10053840 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sepsis DJ, SS, YH a sepsis AE caused by bacterial infection in the bloodstream or body tissues basal cell carcinoma AE 10004146 HPO: HP_0002671 a skin AE that has an outcome of a slow-growing nonmelanoma skin cancer DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001827/ SIDER: C0007117 basophil count increased AE 10004169 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/basophil+granulocyte a basophil count abnormal AE that is characterized by increase in the number of basophils in the body behcet's syndrome AE 10004213 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/behcet's+disease an ulcer AE that is characterized by ulcers in the mouth that may decrease ocular functionality DJ, SS, YH benign congenital hypotonia AE 10051900 a musculoskeletal system AE that has an outcome of low muscle tone DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypotonia benign hydatidiform mole AE 10004272 a female reproductive system AE that has an outcome of a non-fertilized egg that implants itself in the uterus and turns a normal pregnancy into an abnormal one WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hydatidiform+mole DJ, SS, YH benign ovarian tumor AE 10004433 DJ, SS, YH a benign tumor AE that has an outcome of a benign tumor in their ovaries benign ovarian tumour AE bile duct obstruction AE 10056375 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a blockage in the tubes that carry bile from the liber to the gallbladder and small intestine DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000263.htm biliary dilatation AE 10057202 DJ, SS, YH a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of dilating or stretching of the bile duct WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21843715 binge eating AE 10004716 an eating disorder that is characterized by episodes of uncontrollable eating. DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/binge+eating binocular eye movement disorder AE 10061010 DJ, SS, YH WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23201436 Secondary Source: http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/119/6/1933.full.pdf an eye disorder AE that has an outcome of binocular eye movement disorder where control and alignment of eyes are compromised bladder cancer AE 10005003 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001517/ a digestive system AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the bladder, the body part that holds and releases urine in the center of the lower belly area SIDER: C0005684 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0009725 blast cell count increased AE 10062274 WEB: http://meds.queensu.ca/medicine/deptmed/hemonc/anemia/blast.htm a blast cell count abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of immature precursors of either lymphocytes or granulocytes that do not normally appear in peripheral blood. May indicate acute leukemia DJ, SS, YH blast cell crisis AE 10053747 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blast+crisis DJ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a sudden, severe change in the course of chronic granulocytic leukemia with an increase in the proportion of myeloblasts blast cells present AE 10057107 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of myeloblasts or myeloid blasts. Presence of these abnormal blasts prevent production of adequate platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells, can be associated with leukemia WEB: http://lymphoma.about.com/od/glossary/ss/Blast-Cells.htm DJ, SS, YH blast crisis in myelogenous leukemia AE 10050282 WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blast+crisis , Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23171293 DJ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of the last stage of chronic myelogenous leukemia characterized by rapid progression and short survival with an increase of myeloblasts or lymphoblasts in the blood or bone marrow blast crisis in myelogenous leukaemia AE blepharitis AE 10005148 HPO: HP_0000498 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002586/ DJ, SS, YH an eye inflammation AE that has an outcome of swelling in the eyelids, usually where eyelash follicles are located SIDER: C0005741 blood albumin level decreased AE 10005287 DJ, SS, YH, EB hypoalbuminemia AE WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003480.htm a blood albumin level abnormal AE with an outcome of a decrease in the amount of albumin, a protein made by the liver blood alkaline phosphatase level abnormal AE 10059571 DJ, SS, YH, EB a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood blood alkaline phosphatase decreased AE 10059569 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/alkaline+phosphatase DJ, SS, YH a blood alkaline phosphatase abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE 10001675 10059570 CTCAE: E12082 HPO: HP_0003155 SIDER: C0852911 a blood alkaline phosphatase abnormal AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups. a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of ALP, an isoenzyme that removes phosphate groups commonly found in the bile ducts but also found in the bone DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C35607 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/alkaline+phosphatase chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy AE CIDP a distal neuropathy AE which shows a neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms. It is caused by the loss of myelin sheath of the peripheral nerves. AG, YH WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cidp/cidp.htm Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy blood amylase level increased AE 10005328 10040139 DJ, SS, YH, EB CTCAE: E12212 serum amylase increased AE NCIt: C78608 a blood amylase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of amylase, an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates; may indicate disease or inflammation of the pancreas WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003464.htm blood bilirubin level abnormal AE 10058477 a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal amount of bilirubin in the blood DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilirubin blood bilirubin level increased AE 10005364 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bilirubin a blood bilirubin level abnormal AE with an outcome of a increased amount of bilirubin, or a yellow breakdown product (broken down hemoglobin) of normal heme catabolism, in the blood DJ, SS, YH, EB CTCAE: E12096 NCIt: C27088 blood calcium decreased 10005395 a physical quality that has a decreased amount of calcium in the bloodstream DJ, SS, YH blood chloride decreased 10005419 SIDER: C0595902 WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9940 DJ, SS, YH A physical quality that has an decreased level of chloride ion in the blood, excessive loss may be due to sweating, vomiting and adrenal gland/kidney disease HPO: HP_0003113 blood cholesterol increased AE 10005425 HPO: HP_0003124 NCIt: C37967 CTCAE: E12127 DJ, SS, YH, EB SIDER: C0595930 a blood cholesterol abnormal AE with the result of an increase in cholesterol level in the blood blood creatine phosphokinase level abnormal AE 10005468 an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal levels of creatine phosphokinase in the blood DJ, SS, YH, EB blood creatinine level increased AE 10005483 10011368 creatinine increased AE a blood creatinine level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased level of creatinine in the blood (due to lack of kidney activity) WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/creatinine NCIt: C78249 serum creatinine increased CTCAE: E12137 DJ, SS, YH, EB blood culture positive AE 10005488 DJ, SS, YH an infection adverse event that has an outcome of bacteria or yeasts in the blood WEB: http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/blood-culture/tab/test blood disorder AE 10061590 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/blooddisorders.html a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of disease in the blood, a living tissue made up of plasma and red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Blood disorders affect one or more parts of the blood and prevent the blood from doing this job. blood folate level decreased AE 10005527 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/folate a blood folate abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased level of folate in the blood blood glucose level decreased AE 10005555 DJ, SS, YH, EB a blood glucose level abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease of glucose levels in blood blood glucose level increased AE 10005557 a blood glucose level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased glucose level in blood DJ, SS, YH, EB blood homocysteine level increased AE 10049733 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/homocysteine a blood homocysteine level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased levels of homocysteine in the blood blood immunoglobulin A level increased AE 10005586 an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that results in an increased immunoglobulin a level in the blood WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/immunoglobulin+A IgA level increased DJ, SS, YH, EB blood lactate dehydrogenase level increased AE 10005630 DJ, SS, YH, EB a blood lactate dehydrogenase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of LDH, an enzyme that could indicate tissue damage WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003471.htm blood magnesium decreased 10005654 HPO: HP_0002917 WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4243 A physical quality that has an decreased level of magnesium, a mineral involved in nerve signaling and bone health. Deficiency can cause spasms, and muscular cramps. SIDER: C0853750 DJ, SS, YH blood parathyroid hormone decreased AE 10005702 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/parathyroid+hormone a blood parathyroid hormone level abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease in the level of parathyroid hormone in the blood blood phosphorus decreased 10049471 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003478.htm HPO: HP_0002148 A physical quality that has an decreased level of decreased phosphorus in the blood SIDER: C0877517 DJ, SS, YH blood potassium decreased 10005724 HPO: HP_0002900 DJ, SS, YH, LW, MW 血钾下降 a physical quality where the blood potassium level is decreased. blood pressure diastolic decreased AE 10005737 a hypotension AE that has an outcome of a decrease in the amount of pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/low-blood-pressure/DS00590/DSECTION=causes blood pressure immeasurable AE 10005748 DJ, SS, YH a hypotension AE that has an outcome of immeasurable blood pressure blood sodium decreased 10005802 A physical quality that has an decreased level of sodium concentration in the blood DJ, SS, YH, MW blood thromboplastin level increased AE 10005827 a blood thromboplastin level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in the level of thromboplastin in the blood WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thromboplastin DJ, SS, YH, EB blood urea level decreased AE 10005850 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blood+urea+nitrogen a blood urea level abnormal AE with an outcome of a decreased amount of urea nitrogen in the blood, below 7 to 21 mg of urea per 100 ml blood urea level increased AE 10005851 DJ, SS, YH, EB a blood urea level abnormal AE that results in an increase in amount of urea in blood blood uric acid level increased AE 10005861 WEB: http://chemocare.com/chemotherapy/side-effects/hyperuricemia-high-uric-acid.aspx a blood uric acid level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in uric acid in the blood; excess purines may accumulate in tissues and form crystals DJ, SS, YH, EB bone cyst AE 10005952 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bone+cyst a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of a cyst that forms on the bone DJ, SS, YH bone debridement AE 10057612 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Osteomyelitis a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of surgery to clean and flush out the infected bone bone lesion AE 10061728 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of an anomlay in the growth or structure of a bone WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20972590 DJ, SS, YH bone marrow depression AE 10005986 10048580 DJ, SS, YH, MW hypocellular bone marrow UMLS: C0151773 SIDER: C0151773 Bone marrow produces three types of blood cells; red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Bone marrow depression is characterized by an inability or reduced ability of the bone marrow to produce these cells. A low blood count can involve just one or all three types of blood cells. HPO: HP_0012145 NCIt: C35167 bone marrrow hypocellular WEB: http://www.drugs.com/condition/bone-marrow-depression-low-blood-counts.html CTCAE: E10022 a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormal condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce normal amounts of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets WEB: http://en.diagnosispro.com/differential_diagnosis-for/bx-bone-marrow-biopsy-hypocellular/29777-154.html bone marrow disorder AE 10061729 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of disease in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside of some bones that contain stem cells that can develop into red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonemarrowdiseases.html DJ, SS, YH bone marrow failure AE 10065553 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23271412 a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of an insufficient amount of red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets, associated with fanconii anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, and aplastic anemia bone marrow reticulin fibrosis AE 10069678 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246040 a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of an excess formation of connective tissue in the bone marrow DJ, SS, YH bone marrow toxicity AE 10051779 SIDER: C0948168 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12806941 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0005561 a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of the decrease in cells responsible for providing immunity, carrying oxygen and blood clotting bone marrow transplant AE 10061730 a bone marrow disorder AE that has an outcome of the replacement of damaged bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003009.htm bone swelling AE 10053631 a swelling AE that results in swelling around a bone DJ, SS, YH bowen's disease AE 10006059 DJ, SS, YH a skin adverse event that has an outcome of an early stage of squamous cell carcinoma WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bowen's+disease bradycardia neonatal AE 10056471 HPO: HP_0001662 a bradycardia AE that results in a decreased heart rate in a neonate SIDER: C1112488 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10822186 DJ, SS, YH brain edema AE 10048962 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002181 an edema AE that has an outcome of edema or swelling of the extravascular compartment from uptake of water in the gray and white matter brain oedema AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+edema SIDER: C1527311 breast cancer AE 10006187 HPO: HP_0003002 SIDER: C0006142 DJ, SS, YH a tumor AE that has an outcome of cancer in the breast breast cancer metastatic AE 10055113 a breast cancer AE that has an outcome of cancerous cells spreading to the breast DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001911/ breast cancer stage iii AE 10006201 a breast cancer AE that has an outcome of breast cancer at the stage III level DJ, SS, YH breast infection AE 10006259 CTCAE: E11318 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002726 SIDER: C0392317 NCIt: C53662 an infection AE that results in the breast becoming infected breast pain AE 10006298 a pain AE that results in pain in the breast HPO: HP_0000769 NCIt:C78223 CTCAE:E13073 SIDER: C0024902 DJ, SS, YH, MW breast tenderness AE 10006313 HPO: HP_0100749 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979747 DJ, SS, YH a reproductive system AE that has an outcome of pain or discomfort in the breast, may be caused by small benign tumors SIDER: C0262397 bronchopneumonia AE 10006469 DJ, SS, YH a pneumonia AE that has an outcome of acute inflammation of the walls of the smaller bronchial tubes, with irregular areas of consolidation due to spread of inflammation into peribronchiolar alveoli and the alveolar ducts of the lungs WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bronchopneumonia SIDER: C0006285 HPO: HP_0006538 bronchopulmonary aspergillosis AE 10006473 SIDER: C2350530 an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of an exaggerated response of the immune system to the fungus Aspergillus HPO: HP_0002724 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bronchopulmonary+aspergillosis bronchospasm AE 10006482 HPO: HP_0002099 SIDER: C0006266 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bronchospasm NCIt:C34439 CTCAE:E13352 DJ, SS, YH, MW a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles burning sensation AE 10006784 a sensory capability AE that results in a feeling of burning DJ, SS, YH cachexia AE 10006895 DJ, SS, YH WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Wasting+Syndrome Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279159 SIDER: C0006625 a syndrom AE that has an outcome of a wasting syndrome characterized by weight loss, muscle atrophy, fatigue, and loss of appetite, often occurs with cancer. HPO: HP_0004326 cecitis AE 10006919 10045271 NCIt: C38043 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of inflammation of the caecum, part of the large intestine typhlitis AE caecitis AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/caecitis DJ, SS, YH CTCAE: E11058 calcium deficiency AE 10006956 an endocrine system AE that has an outcome of deficiency of calcium in the body DJ, SS, YH capillary leak syndrome AE 10007196 Clarkson's Disease AE NCIt:C62578 CTCAE:E13766 DJ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22873043 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of self-reversing episodes during which the endothelial cells which line the capillaries are thought to separate for a few days, allowing for a leakage of fluid from the circulatory system to the interstitial space, resulting in hypotension, hemoconcentration, and hypoalbuminemia carcinoembryonic antigen increased AE 10007266 a cytogenetic investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in a type of protein typically associated with tumors and the developing fetus WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/carcinoembryonic_antigen/article.htm DJ, SS, YH, EB carcinoid tumor AE 10007275 SIDER: C0007095 HPO: HP_0006723 carcinoid tumour AE a tumor AE that has an outcome of a carcinoid tumor that forms somewhere in the body WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307266 DJ, SS, YH hypochloremia AE 10020957 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochloremia HPO: HP_0003113 a blood chloride abnormal AE with an outcome of decrease in amount of chloride ion in the blood, excessive loss may be due to sweating, vomiting and adrenal gland/kidney disease UMLS CUI: C0085680 YH, MW cardiac failure AE 10007554 10019279 DJ, SS, YH heart failure NCIt: C50577 a cardiovascular disorder AE that results in the inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+failure SIDER: C0018801 HPO: HP_0001635 CTCAE: E10124 cardiac failure congestive AE 10007559 WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/congestive+heart+failure Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21676684 congestive heart failure DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001635 SIDER: C0018802 a cardiovascular disorder AE that results in an inability of the heart to provide sufficient pump action to distribute blood flow to meet the needs of the body cardiac pacemaker insertion 10007598 DJ, SS, YH a surgery that implants a cardiac pacemaker, a device that supplies electrical impulses to the heart to maintain the heartbeat at a regular rate WEB: http://www.mdguidelines.com/cardiac-pacemaker-insertion cardiac valve disease AE 10061406 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/valvular+heart+disease HPO: HP_0001654 a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of disease involving one or more of the valves of the heart DJ, SS, YH valvular disease AE SIDER: C0018824 cardiac ventricular disorder AE 10057455 DJ, SS, YH a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of a disorder involving the ventricle(s) in the heart WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ventricular Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15473469 cardiogenic shock AE 10007625 a hypotension AE that has an outcome of the inability of the heart to supply enough blood to the organs of the body because of heart damage WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001237/ DJ, SS, YH cardiomyopathy AE 10007636 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyopathy DJ, SS, YH a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of deterioration of the function of the myocardium, usually leads to heart failure SIDER: C0878544 HPO: HP_0001638 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiomyopathy cardiotoxicity AE 10048610 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiomyopathy a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of heart electrophysiology dysfunction and/or muscle damage. Is not efficient at pumping/circulating blood DJ, SS, YH carotid arteriosclerosis AE 10067116 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8198401 DJ, SS, YH a coronary artery disorder AE that results in lesion in carotid artery cataplexy AE 10007737 a musculoskeletal system AE that has an outcome of loss of muscle tone due to emotional responses like laughing and crying WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cataplexy SIDER: C0007384 HPO: HP_0002524 DJ, SS, YH cataract AE 10007739 SIDER: C0086543 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cataract DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C26713 CTCAE: E10350 a eye disorder AE that results in cloudiness that develops in the eye HPO: HP_0000518 catheter related complication AE 10052253 DJ, SS, YH a sugery AE that has an adverse outcome related to the use of catheter, a thin tube inserted in the body WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/catheter Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23306712 catheter related infection AE 10007810 10056520 CTCAE: E11328 DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C78232 HPO: HP_0002719 an infection AE that has an outcome of an infection (e.g., bacterial colonisation) at the catheter site SIDER: C0860239 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8825104 catheter site infection AE 10056520 DJ, SS, YH a bacterial infection AE that is located at the catheter site catheter site related reaction AE 10007811 WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/catheter Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23074085 a sugery AE that has an adverse outcome at the site where a catheter was used DJ, SS, YH catheterization cardiac abnormal AE 10007816 DJ, SS, YH catheterisation cardiac abnormal AE a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of a problem after inserting a catheter into the heart WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+catheterization cauda equina syndrome AE 10007821 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23230403 DJ, SS, YH a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of an acute loss of function of the lumbar plexus central line infection AE 10054192 a bacterial infection AE that is located at the central-line catheter site WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7580945 SIDER: C1096243 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002719 central nervous system infection AE 10061036 HPO: HP_0005381 SIDER: C0007684 an infection AE that is located in the central nervous system DJ, SS, YH central nervous system lymphoma AE 10007953 DJ, SS, YH a tumor AE that has an outcome of lymphoma in the central nervous system cerebellar ataxia AE 10008025 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001251 an ataxia AE that is located in the cerebellum WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23283615 SIDER: C0007758 cerebellar syndrome AE 10008072 SIDER: C0007760 a brain disorder AE that has an outcome of an inherited brain disorder that affects muscle coordination, may involve the tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target, tremors and impaired rhythm DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001317 WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/cerebellar_syndrome.htm cerebral hemorrhage AE 10008111 DJ, SS, YH a brain disorder AE with the outcome of hemorrhage or blood in the brain SIDER: C2937358 cerebral haemorrhage AE HPO: HP_0001342 cerebral ischemia AE 10008120 ischemic stroke AE cerebral ischaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Cerebral+ischaemia SIDER: C0917798 a brain disorder AE that results in the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow HPO: HP_0002637 DJ, SS, YH cervicobrachial syndrome AE 10008334 DJ, SS, YH a nervous system AE that has an outcome of pain or another sensation in the patient's neck and shoulder region WEB: http://www.mdguidelines.com/cervicobrachial-syndrome/definition chapped lips AE 10049047 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9433089 DJ, SS, YH a skin AE that has an outcome of dry lips caused by the evaporation of moisture. cheilitis AE 10008417 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cheilitis an inflammation AE that occurs in the lip SIDER: C0007971 CTCAE: E10517 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0100825 NCIt: C79545 chemical burn of skin AE 10057941 a skin AE that has an outcome of a burn due to chemicals on the skin DJ, SS, YH chest discomfort AE 10008469 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chest+pain DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0235710 a discomfort AE that has an outcome of pain in the chest HPO: HP_0001681 alcohol cardiomyopathy AE chloroma AE 10008583 DJ, SS, YH a progressive tumor AE that has an outcome of multiple, malignant, localized green masses of abnormal cells, usually myeloblasts, especially beneath the periosteum of the skull, spine and ribs WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chloroma cholangitis AE 10008604 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of infection in the common bile duct, usually by bacterial infection HPO: HP_0011040 SIDER: NA WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001335/ DJ, SS, YH cholestasis AE 10008635 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0008370 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001263/ a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of a condition in which the flow of bile from the liver is slowed or blocked HPO: HP_0001396 chondrocalcinosis pyrophosphate AE 10008690 DJ, SS, YH an adverse event that has an outcome of calcium crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate accumulated in the connective tissues of the patient WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chondrocalcinosis chromosome analysis abnormal AE 10008817 a cytogenetic investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal chromosome pattern DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://www.miscarriageclinic.co.uk/causes-and-treatments/chromosome-abnormality/ chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy AE CIPN AG, YH a peripheral neuropathy AE which has an outcome of a chemotherapy-induced neuropathy that affects nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) WEB: http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/chemotherapyeffects/peripheralneuropathy/peripheral-neuropathy-caused-by-chemotherapy-what-is-cipn chronic myeloid leukemia AE 10009013 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chronic+myelogenous+leukemia chronic myeloid leukaemia AE a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of cancer of the white blood cells characterized by increased and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow HPO: HP_0005506 SIDER: C0023473 DJ, SS, YH chronic myeloid leukemia transformation AE 10068232 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of cancer of the white blood cells characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood. May transform from chronic myeloid leukaemia to acute myeloid leukaemia chronic myeloid leukaemia transformation AE DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/41246 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease AE 10009033 a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of breathing difficulty with two main forms: chronic bronchitis and emphysema SIDER: C0024117 HPO: HP_0006510 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001153/ DJ, SS, YH chronic respiratory failure AE 10009126 a respiratory system AE that results in inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/respiratory+failure chronic sinusitis AE 10009137 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/chronic-sinusitis/DS00232 DJ, SS, YH a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of inflammation in the cavities around the nasal passages chylothorax AE 10051228 a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of lymphatic fluid accumulating in the pleural cavity, the space between two pleura of the lungs CTCAE:E13358 DJ, SS, YH, MW NCIt:C79546 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chylothorax circulatory collapse AE 10009192 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/circulatory+collapse a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of insufficient circulation without congestive heart failure DJ, SS, YH clostridial infection AE 10061043 HPO: HP_0004798 SIDER: C0009062 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/clostridium_difficile_colitis/page2.htm DJ, SS, YH a bacterial infection AE that has an outcome of invasion by anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium, can cause tetanus and botulism clostridium difficile colitis AE 10009657 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002583 SIDER: C0238106 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of bacterial infection by clostridium difficile colitis, commonly results in diarrhea and colitis coagulation factor v level decreased AE 10009754 a coagulation factor v level abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased level of the factor V protein in the coagulation system of the body WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22781721 DJ, SS, YH, EB colitis AE 10009887 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002112/ SIDER: C0009319 an inflammation AE that occurs at the large intestine NCIt: C26723 HPO: HP_0002583 CTCAE: E10521 collapse of lung AE 10009913 Pneumothorax a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a collapsed lung, refering to the space between the wall of the chest cavity and the lung filling with air, causing all or a portion of the lung to collapse DJ, SS, YH colon cancer AE 10009944 SIDER: C0007102 a tumor AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the large intestine or the rectum DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001308/ HPO: HP_0003003 colon cancer metastatic AE 10055114 a colon AE that has an outcome of cancerous cells spreading to the colon DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Sites-Types/metastatic colon cancer stage iv AE 10009956 DJ, SS, YH a colon cancer AE that has an outcome of colon cancer at stage IV colorectal cancer AE 10061451 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001308/ a digestive system AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the large intestine or rectum. DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0003003 SIDER: C1527249 colorectal cancer metastatic AE 10052358 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22642873 DJ, SS, YH a digestive system AE that has an outcome of cancer in the large intestine and the rectum. When metastatic, the cancer has already spead to distant sites and is considered stage IV. HPO: HP_0003003 SIDER: C0948380 computerized tomography result abnormal AE 10010235 DJ, SS, YH, EB an imaging investigation result abnormal AE that has an abnormal result of an imaging method in which a cross-sectional image of the structures in a body plane is reconstructed by a computer program from the x-ray absorption of beams projected through the body in the image plane WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/computed+tomography computerised tomogram abnormal AE WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/computerized+tomography , Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23271098 concomitant disease progression AE 10048659 DJ, SS, YH an adverse event that has an outcome of progression of underlying conditions that may affect drug distribution or metabolism WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Concomitant+disease condition aggravated AE 10010264 an adverse event that has an outcome of condition that worsens DJ, SS, YH congenital cardiovascular anomaly AE 10061054 WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/congenital+heart+defect DJ, SS, YH a congenital abnormality AE that has an outcome of an abnormality in heart which is present at birth SIDER: C0243050 HPO: HP_0001626 congestive cardiomyopathy AE 10056370 a cardiomyopathy AE that is characterized by the walls of the heart chambers stretching to hold a greater volume of blood than normal HPO: HP_0001635 SIDER: C0007193 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/congestive+cardiomyopathy conjunctival disorder AE 10061446 SIDER: C0009759 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/conjunctiva DJ, SS, YH an eye disorder AE that has an outcome of a problem involving the insides of the patient's eyelids HPO: HP_0000502 conjunctival hemorrhage AE 10010719 SIDER: C0009760 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of a bright hemorrhagic patch on the bulbar conjunctiva caused by rupture and bleeding of a superficial small capillary due to increased pressure conjunctival haemorrhage AE DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0007902 connective tissue disorder AE 10061087 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0003549 an adverse event that has an outcome of disease in the biological tissue that supports, binds together and protects organs SIDER: C0009782 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/connective+tissue+disease contact lens intolerance AE 10010804 an eye disorder AE that has a result of the inability to use contact lenses DJ, SS, YH coombs' test positive AE 10061090 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/test a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of a positive coombs test, which is a blood test that identifies the causes of anemia WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Coombs'+Tests coordination abnormal AE 10010947 SIDER: C0520966 HPO: HP_0011443 a behavior and neurological AE that results in a loss of coordination DJ, SS, YH coronary angioplasty AE 10050329 DJ, SS, YH a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of treatment involving the stenotic coronary arteries in the heart WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/coronary+angioplasty coronary artery embolism AE 10011084 a coronary artery disorder AE that has an outcome of an blockage in the coronary artery DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22953315 coronary artery insufficiency AE 10052895 a coronary artery disorder AE that has an outcome of an insufficient amount of blood circulates through the coronary arteries SIDER: C0542052 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001677 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/coronary+insufficiency craniopharyngioma AE 10011318 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/craniopharyngioma DJ, SS, YH a tumor AE that has an outcome of a brain tumor derived from the embryonic tissue of the pituitary gland c-reactive protein level increased AE 10006825 a c-reactive protein level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of CRP, a protein that measure general levels of inflammation in the body DJ, SS, YH, EB moved "c-reactive protein increased AE" from "cardiac AE" to "lab test abnormal AE" EB WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/c-reactive-protein-crp viral cardiomyopathy AE csf pressure increased AE 10011570 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intracranial+pressure a nervous system AE that has an outcome of increased pressure in the skull DJ, SS, YH culture urine positive AE 10011640 WEB: http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/urine-culture/tab/test DJ, SS, YH, EB a urine analysis result abnormal AE that has an outcome of high bacterial colonization counts in the urine cutaneous vasculitis AE 10011686 WEB: http://dermnetnz.org/vascular/vasculitis.html HPO: HP_0200029 皮肤血管炎 an inflammation AE that has an outcome of inflamed blood vessels in the skin DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0262988 cystitis hemorrhagic AE 10011793 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhagic+cystitis a urinary system AE that has an outcome of cystitis with severe hemorrhage, a dose-limiting toxic condition with administration of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide or a complication of bone marrow transplantation cystitis haemorrhagic AE cytogenetic abnormality AE 10067477 DJ, SS, YH a genetic disorder AE that has an outcome of an atypical number of chromosomes or a structural abnormality in one or more chromosomes cytokine release syndrome AE 10052015 WEB: http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/cytokine+release+syndrome DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C78251 an inflammation AE that has an outcome of release of cytokines by T cells that causes inflammation CTCAE: E11264 cytolytic hepatitis AE 10050904 WEB: http://www.thirdage.com/hc/c/q/hepatitis/1550008/what-is-cytolytic-hepatitis SIDER: C0919823 DJ, SS, YH a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of liver cells carrying excess water, causing inflammation along with hepatitis HPO: HP_0004787 cytomegalovirus colitis AE 10048983 an inflammation AE that results in the inflammation of the colon WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22874621 DJ, SS, YH cytomegalovirus infection AE 10011831 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0010823 HPO: HP_0004429 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cytomegalovirusinfections.html a viral infection AE that is caused by cytomegalovirus dandruff AE 10011859 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dandruff HPO: HP_0001051 a skin AE that has an outcome of shedding of the dead skin cells from the scalp DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0221244 debridement 10057612 10067806 a surgery that performs a medical removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue DJ, SS, YH, SJ WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Debridement WEB: http://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/Ce-Fi/Debridement.html decubitus ulcer AE 10011985 HPO: HP_0200042 a skin ulcer AE that has an outcome of localized injuries to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence as a result of pressure WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pressure+ulcer SIDER: C0011127 DJ, SS, YH deep vein thrombosis AE 10051055 DJ, SS, YH a venous thrombosis that is characterized by a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body. Blood clots occur when blood thickens and clumps together. Most deep vein blood clots occur in the lower leg or thigh. They also can occur in other parts of the body. Moved from Cardiac AE to thombosis AE by LB SIDER: C0149871 HPO: HP_0004850 DVT WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/dvt/ delirium AE 10012218 NCIt:C2981 a psychiatric disorder AE that results in a decline in level of cognitive function CTCAE:E12898 DJ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/delirium dental caries AE 10012318 DJ, SS, YH a tooth disorder AE that has an outcome of bacterial infection that causes demineralization and destruction of the hard tissues, resulting in dental cavities WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dental+caries SIDER: C0011334 NCIt: C52593 CTCAE: E10568 HPO: HP_0000670 depressed level of consciousness AE 10012373 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23167919 NCIt:C78253 CTCAE:E12625 HPO: HP_0004372 SIDER: C0549249 DJ, SS, YH, MW a sensory capability AE that results in a lower level of arousal than normal dermatitis acneiform AE 10012432 a dermatitis ae that is characterized by the eruption of papules and pustules, typically on the face, scalp, upper chest and back. DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0234894 WEB: https://www.medify.com/conditions/acneiform-dermatitis HPO: HP_0001051 dermatitis exfoliative AE 10012455 HPO: HP_0011123 SIDER: C0011606 DJ, SS, YH a dermatitis ae that is characterized by an inflammatory skin disease with erythmea and scaling, that has an outcome of widespread scaling of the skin, often with itching, skin redness and hair loss WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001610.htm dermatomyositis AE 10012503 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001842/ DJ, SS, YH a muscle AE that has an outcome of muscle weakness, inflammation, skin rash and difficulty swallowing developmental coordination disorder AE 10012557 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001533.htm a motor neuropathy AE that has an outcome of poor coordination DJ, SS, YH device dislocation AE 10064684 an injury and procedural complication AE that results in the dislocation of a device DJ, SS, YH device expulsion AE 10012578 DJ, SS, YH an injury and procedural complication AE that results in the expulsion (vomiting) of medical device from body device related infection AE 10064687 NCIt: C79705 SIDER: C1619702 CTCAE: E11356 HPO: HP_0002719 an injury and procedural complication AE that results in an infection related to medical device DJ, SS, YH diabetic hyperglycemic coma AE 10012668 a coma AE which is induced by the condition that the patient has extremely high levels of sugar in the blood without ketones DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000304.htm diabetic hyperglycaemic coma AE diaphragmatic hernia AE 10012713 a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal hole in the diaphragm WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288807 SIDER: C0019284 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0000776 diaphragmatic paralysis AE 10012725 DJ, SS, YH a paralysis AE that has an outcome of a paralyzed diaphragm WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19452391 diarrhea hemorrhagic AE 10012741 a diarrhea AE that has an outcome of rectal bleeding and bloody diarrhea diarrhoea haemorrhagic AE HPO: HP_0002255 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0151594 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19292138 diarrhea infectious AE 10012742 DJ, SS, YH a diarrhea AE that has an outcome of diarrhea is caused by infection diarrhoea infectious AE diastolic dysfunction AE 10052337 WEB: http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/diastolic+dysfunction a cardiac disorder AE with an outcome of decline in performance of one or both ventricles of the heart during the time phase of diastole, when heart filling with incoming blood DJ, SS, YH dilatation ventricular AE 10013012 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1721391/ a cardiac ventricular disorder AE that has an outcome of enlargement of a heart chamber that pumps blood away from the heart DJ, SS, YH disease progression AE 10061818 an adverse event with an outcome of worsening of the disease HPO: HP_0004738 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0242656 dislocation of vertebra AE 10013183 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of dislocation of vertebra DJ, SS, YH disorientation AE 10013395 a sensory capability AE that results in the senses of time, direction, and recognition of people and places becoming difficult to distinguish WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/disorientation DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0233407 HPO: HP_0001289 disseminated intravascular coagulation AE 10013442 NCIt: C2992 HPO: HP_0005521 CTCAE: E10028 a hematopoietic system AE with an outcome of a serious disorder in which proteins that control blood clotting become abnormally active WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000573.htm DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0012739 disturbance in attention AE 10013496 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0007018 SIDER: C0233414 a behavior and neurological AE that results in a loss of attention diverticular perforation AE 10061820 a digestive system AE with an outcome of perforation of small sacs or pockets in the wall of the colon DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/diverticular-disease diverticulitis AE 10013538 DJ, SS, YH a digestive system AE that has an outcome of infection and inflammation in the small, bulging sacs or pouches of the inner lining of the intestine SIDER: C0012813 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001303/ HPO: HP_0002253 diverticulitis intestinal hemorrhagic AE 10013541 diverticulitis intestinal haemorrhagic AE DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780263/ a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the intestine due to diverticulitis drug clearance decreased AE 10049463 DJ, SS, YH an adverse event that has an outcome of a decreased amount of the drug excreted by the body WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+clearance drug dependence AE 10013663 DJ, SS, YH an adverse drug event that results in the development of a dependence on the drug SIDER: C1510472 HPO: HP_0000722 drug eruption AE 10013687 a skin AE that has an outcome of a range of adverse drugs reactions of the skin, most commonly rashes resembling measles WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+eruption DJ, SS, YH drug hypersensitivity AE 10013700 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23192511 DJ, SS, YH a hypersensitivity AE that has an outcome of allergic reactions to certain drugs HPO: HP_0100326 SIDER: C0013182 drug intolerance AE 10061822 a drug AE that has an outcome of lower threshold to the normal pharmacologic action of a drug DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+intolerance drug withdrawal headache AE 10013753 DJ, SS, YH a headache AE that has an outcome of headaches due to drug withdrawal drug withdrawal syndrome AE 10013754 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/withdrawal an adverse event that results in symptoms that occur after the discontinuation of the use of a certain drug DJ, SS, YH dry skin AE 10013786 HPO: HP_0000958 DJ, SS, YH, MW NCIt:C74592 a skin AE that is characterized by epidermis that lacks moisture, has an outcome of fine lines, scaling and itching CTCAE:E13623 SIDER: C0151908 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dry+skin duodenal ulcer AE 10013836 HPO: HP_0002588 a duodenum AE that has an outcome of a peptic ulcer, or a defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, located in the duodenum SIDER: C0013295 CTCAE: E10611 DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C26755 peptic ulcer AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001255/ duodenal ulcer hemorrhage AE 10013839 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001255/ HPO: HP_0002588 a duodenal ulcer AE with an outcome of bleeding in an ulcer, or a defect, in the lining of the stomach or first part of the small intestine called the duodenum duodenal ulcer haemorrhage AE DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0151966 duodenal ulcer perforation AE 10013849 a duodenal ulcer AE that has an outcome of perforation, or complete penetration, of an ulcer located in an area of the small intestine called the duodenum WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001255/ SIDER: C0740401 HPO: HP_0002588 DJ, SS, YH dysarthria AE 10013887 DJ, SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0013362 a speech disorder that results in a motor speech disorder CTCAE:E12635 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysarthria NCIt:C79549 HPO: HP_0001260 dyslexia AE 10013932 SIDER: C0476254 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dyslexia HPO: HP_0010522 a behavioral and neurological AE that results in difficulty reading (mixing up letters) dysphonia AE 10013952 a speech disorder AE that results in disorders of voice SIDER: C1527344 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysphonia HPO: HP_0001618 DJ, SS, YH dyspnoea exertional AE 10013971 a dyspnoea AE that has an outcome of shortness of breath during exercise, produces a sensation of not being able to get enough air SIDER: C0231807 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22760109 HPO: HP_0002875 dysuria AE 10013990 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysuria 排尿困难 urination disorders AE SIDER: C0013428 HPO: HP_0100518 Dysuria AE is an urinary system AE that results in painful urination JX, DJ, SS, YH eating disorder AE 10014062 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/eating+disorder DJ, SS, YH a gustatory system AE which has an outcome of abrnormal or disturbed eating habits ectopic pregnancy with intrauterine device AE 10067037 a female reproductive system AE that results in an ectopic pregnancy that occurs along with the use of an IUD DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ectopic+pregnancy eczema AE 10014184 HPO: HP_0000964 DJ, SS, YH a skin AE that has an outcome of a long term skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy rashes WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001856/ SIDER: C0013595 effusion AE 10063045 an abnormal fluid regulation AE that has an outcome of escape of a fluid into a part WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/effusion DJ, SS, YH ejaculation delayed AE 10014325 SIDER: NA HPO: HP_0000022 a male reproductive system AE that has an outcome of a delay of ejaculation DJ, SS, YH ejection fraction decreased AE 10050528 a left ventricular dysfunction AE that has an outcome of decreased percentage of blood leaving the heart each time it contracts DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C83492 CTCAE: E12142 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ejection-fraction/AN00360 electrocardiogram result abnormal AE 10014363 a cardiac function test abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal electrical activity in the heart WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003868.htm DJ, SS, YH, EB electrocardiogram qrs complex abnormal AE 10014378 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23238367 an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal depolarization of the right and left ventricles of the heart that is detected on an electrocardiogram test electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE 10014387 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23275261 SIDER: C0151878 an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE that has an outcome of a prolonged time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave in the heart's electrical cycle; a biomarker for ventricular tachyarrhythmias HPO: HP_0001657 DJ, SS, YH, EB electrocardiogram t wave peaked AE 10014396 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301064; http://www.medaphile.com/medical-dictionary/t-wave-peaked DJ, SS, YH, EB an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE in which the T wave appears increased in amplitude and cresting at a point electrolyte imbalance AE 10014418 HPO: HP_0003111 a homeostasis AE that has an outcome of abnormalities in electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium) WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/electrolyte+imbalance SIDER: C0342579 DJ, SS, YH emotional disorder AE 10014551 DJ, SS, YH a psychiatric disorder AE that results in an abnormal expression of emotions SIDER: C0233459 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/emotional+disorder HPO: HP_0100851 endocarditis AE 10014665 HPO: HP_0100584 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002088/ SIDER: C0014118 DJ, SS, YH an inflammation AE that occurs in the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves enteritis AE 10014866 DJ, SS, YH a digestive system AE with an outcome of inflammation in the intestine, especially the small intestine HPO: HP_0004387 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/enteritis SIDER: C0014335 enterocolitis AE 10014893 HPO: HP_0004387 SIDER: C0014356 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/enterocolitis CTCAE: E10627 DJ, SS, YH a digestive system AE that has an outcome of disease in the digestive tract caused by infection NCIt: C79573 enterocolitis infectious AE 10058838 WEB: http://www.mdconsult.com/books/page.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-0792-2..50022-5--cesec139&isbn=978-1-4377-0792-2&type=bookPage&from=content&uniqId=376758653-2 an digestive system AE that has an outcome of an infection by enteric viruses or enterotoxigenic bacterias, usually in the intestines, that presents with diarrhea, abdominal pain, perianal discomfort, incontinence and hemorrhage. DJ, SS, YH eosinophil count increased AE 10014945 DJ, SS, YH an eosinophil count abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell that becomes active with allergic diseases and infections WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003649.htm SIDER: C2240374 HPO: HP_0001880 eosinophilia AE 10014950 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/eosinophilia/MY00399 DJ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of higher than normal levels of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell HPO: HP_0001880 SIDER: C0014457 erectile dysfunction AE 10061461 astyphia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction SIDER: C0242350 CTCAE:E13088 DJ, SS, JX, LW, YH, MW HPO: HP_0008652 a male reproductive system AE that results in the inability to develop/maintain an erection of penis impotence AE 阳痿/勃起功能障碍 NCIt:C3133 erysipelas AE 10015145 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001643/ HPO: HP_0001055 SIDER: C0014733 DJ, SS, YH a skin AE that has an outcome of an infection caused by a Streptococcus bacteria that causes blisters, fever and skin lesion and sores erythrodermic psoriasis AE 10015278 a psoriasis AE that has an outcome of psoriasis that affects all sites on the body DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psoriatic+erythroderma escherichia infection AE 10061126 a bacterial infection AE with an outcome of invasion by Escherichia coli bacteria, commonly found in the lower intestine and can cause serious food poisoning, but can also be found in various parts of body WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/escherichia+coli DJ, SS, YH escherichia test positive AE 10070090 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Escherichia a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of a positive escherichia test escherichia urinary tract infection AE 10052238 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/urine_infection/article.htm DJ, SS, YH an urinary tract infection AE that has an outcome of infection caused by E. coli bacteria excessive granulation tissue AE 10063560 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19594571 a connective tissue AE that has an outcome of excess perfused, fibrous connective tissue that replaces a fibrin clot in healing wounds. exfoliative rash AE 10064579 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/exfoliative+dermatitis DJ, SS, YH a rash AE that has an outcome of erythema, desquamation, scaling, itching of the skin and loss of hair exomphalos AE 10015677 a congenital abnormality that results in a weakness of the baby's abdominal wall where the umbilical cord joins it. This weakness allows the abdominal contents to protrude outside the abdominal cavity SIDER: C1306503 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/exomphalos DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001539 exposure to contaminated device AE 10068515 an injury and procedural complication AE that results in the patient being exposed to a contaminated device DJ, SS, YH exposure to toxic agent AE 10053487 DJ, SS, YH a procedural complication AE that results in the patient being exposed to a toxic agent extradural abscess AE 10061846 an abscess AE that results in a collection of pus between a person's skull and dura DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.meb.uni-bonn.de/dtc/primsurg/docbook/html/x1217.html extraocular muscle paresis AE 10015829 a paresis AE that results in a partial loss of voluntary movement in their extraocular muscles DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C78286 CTCAE: E10367 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22824489 coagulopathy AE 10009802 bleeding disorder coagulopathy AE results in the impairment of blood to clot causing ecessive or prolonged bleeding. SJ, YH clotting disorder WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulopathy eye hemorrhage AE 10015926 DJ, SS, YH a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of hemorrhage occuring in the blood vessels in the eye eye haemorrhage AE SIDER: C0015402 subconjunctival haemorrhage AE HPO: HP_0011885 WEB: http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/bleeding-in-the-eye eye swelling AE 10015967 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21115963 DJ, SS, YH a eye disorder AE that has an outcome of swelling in the tissues around the eyes, called the orbits, caused by fluid buildup perioribtal puffiness AE eyelid edema AE 10015993 SIDER: C0162285 an eye edema AE that has an outcome of swelling in either or both the lower and upper eyelids, due to fluid buildup or inflammation in the delicate tissues surrounding the eye. WEB: http://www.localhealth.com/article/eyelid-swelling eyelid oedema AE DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0100539 failure to thrive AE 10016165 SIDER: C0015544 HPO: HP_0001531 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000991.htm A pregnancy, neonatal and perinatal AE that displays the result of failure to thrive (FTT), which refers to a baby or child that is not developing as well as desired. WEB: http://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=failure-to-thrive-90-P02297 fall AE 10016173 CTCAE: E11687 NCIt: C50558 HPO: HP_0002359 a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of patient falling DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0085639 fear of needles AE 10068298 a behavior and neurological AE that results in the extreme fear of needles DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23225704 febrile bone marrow aplasia AE 10053213 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Bone+marrow+aplasia a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of inadequate blood cell formation by bone marrow accompanied by a fever DJ, SS, YH febrile infection AE 10051998 DJ, SS, YH a fever AE that has an outcome of an infection along/because of a fever WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/febrile febrile neutropenia AE 10016288 CTCAE: E10033 a neutropenia AE, generally a complication of chemotherapy, that has an outcome of an abnormally low neutrophil granulocyte count, accompanied by fever NCIt: C35665 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23303687 neutropenic sepsis AE SIDER: C0746883 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001875 feeding tube complication AE 10056661 WEB: http://www.thirdage.com/hc/p/197842/what-is-tube-feeding enteral feeding AE DJ, SS, YH an injury and procedural complication AE that has an outcome of an complication due to the use of enteral feeding tube feeling abnormal AE 10016322 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C1443060 HPO: HP_0010870 a sensory capabilty AE that results in the patient feeling different than normal after a medical intervention such as taking drug feeling hot AE 10016334 DJ, SS, YH Feeling hot AE is a feeling abnormal AE that a patient feels hot. hypoesthesia oral AE 10057371 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoesthesia SS, YH HPO: HP_0010830 a hypoaesthesia AE that has an outcome of a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli in the oral area SIDER: C0521592 hypoaesthesia oral AE fistula discharge AE 10067143 a fistula AE that has an outcome of discharge that occurs as the result of the connection between two body cavities WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=fistula%20discharge%20%5BTI%5D DJ, SS, YH fluid intake reduced AE 10056291 an abnormal fluid regulation AE with an outcome of decrease in ingestion of water or other fluids DJ, SS, YH fluid overload AE 10016803 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22827112 DJ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of too much fluid in the blood, can occur due to increase in total body sodium focal nodular hyperplasia AE 10052285 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/focal+nodular+hyperplasia a hyperplasia AE that has an outcome of a benign tumor in the liver fetal heart rate deceleration AE 10058322 foetal heart rate deceleration AE a congenital abnormality disorder AE that has an outcome of a decreased heart rate in a fetus DJ, SS, YH folliculitis AE 10016936 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001826/ a skin AE with the outcome disease involving of one more more hair follicles, commonly displays rash, itching and pustules near the hair follicles forced expiratory volume decreased AE 10016987 CTCAE: E12156 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/forced+expiratory+volume NCIt: C50524 a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of a decreased volume of air expired from the lungs forearm fracture AE 10016997 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of fracture located in the arm DJ, SS, YH fracture AE 10017076 DJ, SS, YH a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force NCIt: C3046 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Fractures CTCAE: E11703 full blood count decreased AE 10017413 a full blood count abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease in full blood cell count DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/full+blood+count fungal esophagitis AE 10049656 fungal oesophagitis AE DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002138/ a digestive system AE that has an outcome of inflammation in the esophagus due to fungus gallbladder enlargement AE 10062693 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal enlargement in the size of the gallbladder DJ, SS, YH gallbladder perforation AE 10017639 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gallbladder+perforation NCIt: C78309 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal hole in the patient's gallbladder CTCAE: E11208 gallbladder polyp AE 10049704 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal growth (accumulation of mucous membrane tissue) in the gallbladder WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556839 DJ, SS, YH gallop rhythm present AE 10017648 WEB: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/20/6/1053.full.pdf DJ, SS, YH an arrhythmia AE that results in an abnormal heart sound gamma-glutamyltransferase level abnormal AE 10017688 a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal level of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT); GGT is involved in the transfer of amino acids across the cellular membrane DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003458.htm gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE 10017693 10056910 CTCAE: E12161 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258530 DJ, SS, YH, EB GGT increased a gamma-glutamyltransferase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase enzyme presence in the liver NCIt: C26943 gastric cancer AE 10017758 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0024623 a gastric disorder AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the stomach HPO: HP_0006753 gastric neoplasm AE 10061968 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stomach+cancer a tumor AE that has an outcome of cancer in the stomach DJ, SS, YH gastric ulcer AE 10017822 DJ, SS, YH CTCAE: E10727 HPO: HP_0002592 a gastric disorder AE that has an outcome of a defect in the lining of the stomach 胃溃疡 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001255/ SIDER: C0038358 NCIt: C3388 gastritis AE 10017853 SIDER: C0017152 NCIt: C26780 CTCAE: E10733 a gastric disorder AE that has an outcome of inflammation in the lining of the stomach DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0005263 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002135/ gastritis atrophic AE 10017860 DJ, SS, YH a gastritis AE that has an outcome of inflammation in the stomach mucosa WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2789800 gastritis erosive AE 10017865 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0005263 SIDER: C2243088 a gastritis AE that has an outcome of gastric mucosal erosion caused by damage to mucosal defences WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastritis ischemic colitis AE 10009896 SJ, YH ischemic colitis AE is a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in injury and inflammation of the large intestine due to inadequate blood supply. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemic_colitis gastroenteritis norovirus AE 10068189 a gastroenteritis AE that has an outcome of disease caused by the norovirus WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/faq.htm DJ, SS, YH gastroenteritis radiation AE 10017912 DJ, SS, YH a gastroenteritis AE that has an outcome of disease due to radiation gastroesophageal reflux disease AE 10017885 10066874 NCIt: C26781 esophageal reflux AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301861 GERD AE CTCAE: E10739 a digestive system AE that results in mucosal damage caused by acid from stomach coming up to the esophagus gastrooesophageal reflux disease AE DJ, SS, YH gastrointestinal infection AE 10017964 HPO: HP_0004798 DJ, SS, YH a gastrointestinal disorder AE with an outcome of infection in the digestive tract caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Gastrointestinal+infection SIDER: C1264613 gastrointestinal injury AE 10061172 DJ, SS, YH a gastrointestinal disoder AE that has an outcome of an injury in the gastrointestinal area WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23207874 gastrointestinal necrosis AE 10017982 DJ, SS, YH a gastrointestinal disoder AE that has an outcome of premature death in cells of living tissue in the stomach and intestines WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/necrosis bupropion-induced adverse event YH an adverse event induced by administration of a bupropion drug gastrointestinal perforation AE 10018001 HPO: HP_0011024 SIDER: C0151664 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in a hole in the wall of the esophagus, stomch, small intestine, large bowel, rectum or gallbladder DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001282/ gastrointestinal stromal tumor AE 10051066 SIDER: C0238198 DJ, SS, YH gastrointestinal stromal tumour AE HPO: HP_0007378 WEB: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor a tumor AE that has an outcome of a tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, thought to grow from specialized cells found in the tract called interstitial cells of Cajal gastrointestinal toxicity AE 10059024 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of poison affecting the stomach and/or intestinal tracts, often accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting WEB: http://www.theodora.com/drugs/valcyte_tablets_roche_laboratories.html HPO: HP_0011024 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C1142499 gene mutation identification test positive AE 10063478 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: https://www.duchenneconnect.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=346&Itemid=392&lang=en a cytogenetic investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of a positive test for gene mutation, deletions and duplications that could indicate large disease risk general physical health deterioration AE 10049438 a systematic adverse event that has an outcome of worsening of physical health DJ, SS, YH generalized edema AE 10018092 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16491771 generalised oedema AE an edema AE that has an outcome of edema where causes of edema are generalized to the whole body, can cause edema in multiple organs and peripherally DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0151603 HPO: HP_0007430 genital ulceration AE 10018180 a skin ulcer AE that results in an ulcer in the genital area usually resulting from an STD HPO: HP_0003249 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23064541 SIDER: C0151281 DJ, SS, YH gingival abscess AE 10052359 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.mdguidelines.com/gingival-abscess an abscess AE that has an outcome of a gum-line of the teeth due to pus-filled sacs gingival swelling AE 10018291 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003066.htm a digestive system AE that has an outcome of abnormally enlarged, bulging or protruding gums glomerular filtration rate decreased AE 10018358 SIDER: C0853068 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007305.htm a kidney disorder AE that has an outcome of a decreased rate per minute at which the blood passes through the glomeruli or the filters in the kidneys DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0000083 glossodynia AE 10018388 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/glossodynia DJ, SS, YH a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a burning or tingling sensation on the lips, tongue or entire mouth burning tongue AE SIDER: C0017672 HPO: HP_0000157 glycosylated hemoglobin level decreased AE 10018482 a glycosylated hemoglobin level abnormal AE that has an outcome of decreased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in the blood DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23015148 belief in likelihood of causal connection between two processes a hypothesis textual entity that represents a belief in likelihood of causal connection between process 1 and process 2. Barry Smith, Yu Lin, Oliver He graft infection AE 10056559 DJ, SS, YH an infection AE that results in a graft infection distal sensorimotor painful neuropathy a sensorimotor painful neuropathy AE which has an outcome of distal sensory neuropathy characterized by damage to sensory and motor nerves gram stain positive AE 10018656 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gram+stain a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of detection of gram-positive bacteria DJ, SS, YH, EB grand mal convulsion AE 10018659 DJ, SS, YH, SJ tonic seizure WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/grand-mal-seizure/DS00222 a nervous system AE that results in a generalized seizure that affects the entire brain HPO: HP_0002197 SIDER: C0014549 granulocyte count decreased AE 10018681 neutropenia AE a granulocyte count abnormal AE that has an outcome of compromise to the immune system where the number of neutrophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, is lower than the normal range of ~1700 per microliter. DJ, SS, YH, EB belief in likelihood of causal connection between medical intervention and adverse event Barry Smith, Yu Lin, Oliver He a belief in likelihood of causal connection between two processes that represents a belief in likelihood of causal connection between medical intervention m and adverse event e. granulocytopenia AE 10018687 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a marked decrease in number of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell filled with microscopic granules that are little sacs containing enzymes that digest microorganisms WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8817 DJ, SS, YH guttate psoriasis AE 10018797 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20860740 DJ, SS, YH a psorisis AE that has an outcome of psoriasis that appears on the back and extremities of the patients adverse effect a disposition that represents the likelihood of the occurrence of an adverse event after a medical intervention. YH adverse side effect gynaecomastia AE 10018800 SIDER: C0018418 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gynecomastia HPO: HP_0000771 a male reproductive system AE that has an outcome of abnormal development of large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement adverse event causality evidence evidence bearing on adverse event causality an information content entity that represents evidence for indicating the causal association between an adverse event and a medical intervention. YH hematemesis AE 10018830 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hematemesis haematemesis AE HPO: HP_0002248 a vomiting AE that results in the vomiting of blood SIDER: C0018926 hematochezia AE 10018836 haematochezia AE HPO: HP_0002573 SIDER: C0018932 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of the passage of bloody stools WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hematochezia DJ, SS, YH hematocrit decreased AE 10018838 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hematocrit haematocrit decreased AE a hematocrit abnormal AE with an outcome of decreased volume percentage of red blood cells in blood hematoma infection AE 10051564 haematoma infection AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hematoma DJ, SS, YH an infection AE that has an outcome of infection in a hematoma hematotoxicity AE 10061188 haematotoxicity AE DJ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of toxins that destroy red blood cells, disrupt blood clotting, and/or cause organ degeneration and generalized tissue damage bundle branch block left AE 10006580 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/left+bundle+branch+block YH, SS LBBB HPO: HP_0011713 SIDER: C0023211 left bundle branch block A conduction system disorder AE that is a condition in which ventricular contraction is not completely synchronized due to a block in conduction of an electrical impulse to the ventricles; in LBBB, right ventricular endocardial activation begins before, and is often completed before, initiation of left ventricular endocardial activation; benign LBBB is rare; preexisting LBBB in absence of clinical evidence of heart disease is rare; newly acquired LBBB has a 10-fold ↑ in mortality Clinical Generally asymptomatic, or absent or diminished 1st heart sound–HS and reversed splitting of 2nd HS EKG Lead V1–QS or rS; lead V6–late intrinsicoid deflection, monophasic R; lead I–monophasic R Management Pacemaker, if syncope or significant arrhythmias Followup Telemetry PRN. hemoglobin level abnormal AE 10018879 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemoglobin a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal count of hemoglobin, or iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in red blood cells haemoglobin abnormal AE DJ, SS, YH, EB influenza vaccine administration YH a vaccination that uses an influenza vaccine adverse drug effect 10061623 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11072960 YH, SJ an adverse effect that occurs after a drug administration: an appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product hemolytic uremic syndrome AE 10018932 10019515 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0005575 SIDER: C0019061 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of hemolytic anemia, acute kidney failure and a low platelet count haemolytic uraemic syndrome AE CTCAE: E10043 NCIt: C75545 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23307876 hemoptysis AE 10018964 HPO: HP_0002105 haemoptysis AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemoptysis SIDER: C0019079 DJ, SS, YH a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea or lungs hemorrhage intracranial AE 10018985 SIDER: C0151699 DJ, SS, YH a nervous system AE that has an outcome of accumulation of blood within the cranial vault HPO: HP_0002170 haemorrhage intracranial AE WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1163977-overview hemorrhagic ovarian cyst AE 10060781 haemorrhagic ovarian cyst AE DJ, SS, YH a female reproductive system AE that results in a 'blood cyst' where the walls of ovarian cysts are lined with blood vessels, which when rupture fill the cyst with blood. haemorrhoid operation 10059624 DJ, SS, YH a surgery that removes hemorroids WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhoid outcome of adverse event causality evidence an information content entity that represents the outcome of the evidences used for seeking the causal association between an adverse event and a medical intervention. YH hemorrhoidal hemorrhage AE 10054787 10060640 CTCAE: E10767 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhoid DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C78337 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of bleeding in hemorrhoids, vascular structures in the anal canal which help with stool control haemorrhoidal haemorrhage AE hemorrhoids AE 10019022 10019611 CTCAE: E10773 haemorrhoids AE HPO: HP_0004296 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of painful, swollen veins in the lower portion of the rectum or anus DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001337/ NCIt: C26792 hemothorax AE 10019027 DJ, SS, YH haemothorax AE a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a collection of blood in the space between the chest wall and the lung WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001183/ hair growth abnormal AE 10019044 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hair+growth a hair AE that has an outcome of abnormal growth of facial or body hair HPO: HP_0010720 SIDER: C0232409 DJ, SS, YH adverse event causality score adverse event causal association score YH adverse event causality assessment score an information content entity that represents a score or probability that an adverse event is likely caused (induced) by a medical intervention. hemoglobin level decreased AE 10018884 DJ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemoglobin a hemoglobin level abnormal AE with an outcome of decrease in amount of iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells haemoglobin decreased AE hepatic cirrhosis AE 10019641 SIDER: C0023890 a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of a chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and then replaced by scar tissue DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hepatic+cirrhosis HPO: HP_0001394 hepatic enzyme increased AE 10060795 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002910 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/elevated-liver-enzymes/MY00508 elevated liver enzyme AE a lab test abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in amount of hepatic enzyme in body, a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of liver enzymes, commonly ALT and AST, may indicate inflammation or damage to liver cells SIDER: C0235996 hepatic failure AE 10019663 a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/liver+failure HPO: HP_0001399 NCIt: C26922 DJ, SS, YH CTCAE: E11211 SIDER: C0085605 hepatic infarction AE 10019680 DJ, SS, YH a liver/biliary system AE that results in incorrect blood flow to liver WEB: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=571358 adverse vaccine effect an adverse effect that occurs after administration of a vaccine. YH hepatic lesion AE 10061998 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21275132 DJ, SS, YH a liver/biliary system AE with an outcome of a lesion, an abnormality in the tissue caused by disease or trauma, located in the liver hepatic necrosis AE 10019692 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatic+necrosis NCIt: C78340 a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of death of hepatic parenchyma which may be single cell, or multicell in piecemeal, focal, periacinar, midzonal, periportal or paracentral locations SIDER: C0151798 CTCAE: E11221 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002605 hepatic neoplasm AE 10019695 HPO: HP_0002896 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0023903 a tumor AE that has an outcome of a malignant tumor in the liver WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23302476 acanthosis nigricans AE 10000350 黑棘皮病 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthosis_nigricans Acanthosis nigricans AE is a skin AE that is a brown to black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. It is usually found in body folds, such as the posterior and lateral folds of the neck, the armpits, groin, navel, forehead, and other areas. JX, LW, YH hepatitis B AE 10019731 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001324/ a hepatitis AE that has an outcome of irritation and swelling of the liver due to infection with the heptitis B virus HPO: HP_0006562 SIDER: C0019163 hepatitis viral AE 10019799 DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0042721 HPO: HP_0006562 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/viral+hepatitis CTCAE: E11410 NCIt: C35124 a hepatitis AE that has an outcome of liver inflammation due to a hepatitis viral infection hepatomegaly AE 10019842 a liver/biliary system AE that has an outcome of swelling of the liver DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003275.htm SIDER: C0019209 HPO: HP_0002240 hepatotoxicity AE 10019851 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatotoxicity a liver damage AE that has an outcome of chemically driven liver damage Afluria administration YH an influenza vaccine administration that uses Afluria hidradenitis AE 10020040 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hidradenitis DJ, SS, YH an inflammation AE that has an outcome of an inflammatory infiltrate around the eccrine sweat gland histiocytosis hematophagic AE 10048595 histiocytosis haematophagic AE an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormal proliferation of histiocytes, a type of immune cell that eats foreign substances WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11478 DJ, SS, YH histoplasmosis disseminated AE 10020144 DJ, SS, YH a fungal infection AE that results in an infection that occurs from breathing in the spores of the fungus Histoplasma Capsulatum WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001082.htm caesarean section 10006924 A surgery where incisions are made through a woman's abdomen and uterus to deliver her baby. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cesarean+section YH, SS cesarean section hydronephrosis AE 10020524 HPO: HP_0000126 a urinary system AE that has an outcome of distension and dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces, usually caused by the osbtruction of urine flow from the kidney DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0020295 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hydronephrosis hyperbilirubinemia neonatal AE 10020580 a congenital abnormality AE that results in the yellowing of the skin of infants hyperbilirubinaemia neonatal AE DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neonatal+jaundice hypercalcemia AE 10020583 10020587 HPO: HP_0003072 SIDER: C0020437 CTCAE: E12270 NCIt: C3112 YH, MW hypercalcaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypercalcemia a blood calcium abnormal AE that has an outcome of an elevated calcium level in the blood, above normal range of 9-10.5 mg/dL hyperhidrosis AE 10020642 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperhidrosis CTCAE:E13645 a skin AE that results in excess perspiration HPO: HP_0000975 SIDER: C0020458 NCIt:C78345 DJ, SS, YH, MW hyperkalemia AE 10020646 10020647 CTCAE: E12282 a blood potassium abnormal AE that has a lab test outcome of an abnormally increased concentration of potassium in blood HPO: HP_0002153 SIDER: C0020461 hyperkalaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperkalemia NCIt: C37968 YH, MW toxin-induced cardiomyopathy AE cocaine-induced cardiomyopathy AE hyperparathyroidism secondary AE 10020708 HPO: HP_0003106 DJ, SS, YH an abnormal fluid regulation AE that has an outcome of an excessive secretion of the parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland SIDER: C0020503 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23267748 paraparesis AE 10033885 a paresis AE that shows muscle weakness affecting the lower limbs. WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/paraparesis JX, YH 下肢轻瘫 hypertensive crisis AE 10020802 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0000875 SIDER: C0020546 a systemic hypertension AE that has an outcome of hypertension with systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure >120 mm, can be further classified as hypertensive urgency or hypertensive emergency depending on end-organ involvement WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20160537 hypertriglyceridemia AE 10020869 10020870 SIDER: C0020557 HPO: HP_0002155 DJ, SS, YH, MW CTCAE: E12299 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of high blood levels of triglycerides, abundant fatty molecules WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypertriglyceridemia NCIt: C37971 hypertriglyceridaemia AE hyperuricemia AE 10020903 10020907 NCIt: C3961 HPO: HP_0002149 gout AE CTCAE: E12305 DJ, SS, YH, MW an arthritis AE that has an outcome of uric acid building up in blood and causes joint inflammation SIDER: C0740394 hyperuricaemia AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001459/ hypoalbuminemia AE 10020942 10020943 CTCAE: E12310 SIDER: C0239981 NCIt: C37972 hypoalbuminaemia AE a blood albumin abnormal AE that shows an abnormally low level of albumin protein in the blood. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoalbuminemia HPO: HP_0003073 DJ, SS, YH hypocalcemia AE 10020947 10020949 NCIt: C37973 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypocalcemia hypocalcaemia AE 低血钙 a blood calcium abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormally low calcium levels, can present with convulsions, arrythmias, tetany and numbness YH, MW HPO: HP_0002901 SIDER: C0020598 CTCAE: E12316 hypocapnia AE 10020952 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocapnia a blood carbon dioxide abnormal AE in which the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood is abnormally low. DJ, SS, YH, MW UMLS CUI: C0085383 hypoglycemia AE 10020993 10021005 SIDER: C0020615 hypoglycaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoglycemia CTCAE: E12322 a glucose homeostasis AE that results in a abnormally diminished content of glucose in the blood DJ, SS, YH, MW HPO: HP_0005969 NCIt: C3126 Glascow coma scale abnormal AE 10069709 a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that is the abnormal result of the recording of the level of consciousness in a person after a brain injuiry. Clinicians use the Galscow coma scale to rate the best eye opening response, the best verbal response, and the best motor response an individual makes. The final GCS score or grade is the sum of these numbers. YH, SJ WEB: http://www.brainline.org/content/2010/10/what-is-the-glasgow-coma-scale.html hypomagnesemia AE 10021027 10021028 HPO: HP_0002917 YH, MW UMLS CUI: C0151723 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hypomagnesaemia NCIt: C37975 SIDER: C0151723 hypomagnesaemia AE a blood magnesium abnormal AE that has an outcome of an abnormal concentration of magnesium in the blood plasma, and may cause nausea, weakness and tremors. CTCAE: E12333 intraventricular conduction delay AE a conduction system disorder AE that refers to the slow conduction of electricity through ventricular walls of the heart. SS IVCD BOOK: Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary;2005, p1134 WEB: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/reference-entries/21232773/intraventricular-conduction-delay hypophagia AE 10063743 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypophagia DJ, SS, YH a gustatory system AE with an outcome of reduced food intake hypophosphatemia AE 10021058 10021059 NCIt: C37977 DJ, SS, YH, MW a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of abnormally low phosphate levels, can present with muscle dysfunction, white cell dysfunction, pulp chambers and mental status changes hypophosphataemia AE HPO: HP_0008285 UMLS CUI: C0085682 CTCAE: E12344 SIDER: C0085682 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypophosphatemia hypothyroidism AE 10021114 HPO: HP_0008245 SIDER: C0020676 an endocrine system AE with the outcome of the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001393/ NCIt: C26800 CTCAE: E10334 hypovolemia AE 10021137 a cardiovascular disorder AE that is characterized by decreased blood plasma volume DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0011106 hypovolaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypovolemia SIDER: C0546884 Flumist administration an influenza vaccine administration that uses Flumist YH hypovolemic shock AE 10021138 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has the outcome of severe blood and fluid loss that makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body, often leads to organ failure hypovolaemic shock AE HPO: HP_0011106 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000167.htm SIDER: C0020683 ileal perforation AE 10021305 DJ, SS, YH a digestive system AE that has an outcome of holes in the ileum of the small intestine WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ileum NCIt: C78355 CTCAE: E10795 ileus AE 10021328 HPO: HP_0002595 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001306/ DJ, SS, YH intestinal obstruction AE a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a partially or completely blocked bowel SIDER: C1258215 CTCAE: E10812 NCIt: C37979 ileus paralytic AE 10021333 DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.localhealth.com/article/paralytic-ileus SIDER: C0030446 HPO: HP_0002590 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of intestinal blockage in the absence of an actual physical obstruction, can be caused by a malfunction in nerves and muscles in the intestine cardiomegaly AE 10007632 A cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormal enlargement of the heart HPO: HP_0001640 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiomegaly YH, SS added MedDRA term LB SIDER: C0018800 immunosuppressant drug level decreased AE 10062014 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Immunosuppresant a drug adverse event that has an outcome of decreased levels of immunosuppressant drugs in the patient's body DJ, SS, YH immunosuppression AE 10062016 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001821/ DJ, SS, YH an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of reduced or absent immune response impaired healing AE 10021519 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/wound+healing SIDER: C0151692 an injury AE that has an outcome of impairment to the process of restoring a state of soundness to any interupption in the continuity of external surfaces of the body DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001058 implant site pain AE 10063782 DJ, SS, YH a pain AE that has an outcome of pain at the site of an implant no evidence bearing on an adverse event causal relation Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 32. YH an outcome of adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of no evidence bearing on a AE causal relation. increased viscosity of bronchial secretion AE 10054761 DJ, SS, YH a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of increased thickness of the secretions of the bronchi infection parasitic AE 10021857 an infection AE that results in infection by a parasite SIDER: C0747256 DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002719 infection susceptibility increased AE 10021866 HPO: HP_0002719 SIDER: C0236171 an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of increased susceptibility to infection DJ, SS, YH infective pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis AE 10070608 an infection AE that has an outcome of an increase in severity of cystic fibrosis in the patient SZ, DJ, SS, YH preventive intervention YH a medical intervention that is used for preventive purpose infusion related reaction AE 10051792 10053483 WEB: http://www.ons.org/Publications/VJC/media/ons/docs/publications/VJC/vjc-apr10cjon.pdf a immune system AE that results in an allergic reaction to foreign protein, but can also be caused by cytokine release. SZ, DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C78361 CTCAE: E11127 infusion site extravasation AE 10064774 CTCAE: E11133 NCIt: C78362 an extravasation AE that has an outcome of leaking of pharmacologic or biological substance from infusion site into surrounding tissue. Symptoms include induration, erythema, swelling, burning sensation and pain WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/extravasation SZ, DJ, SS, YH infusion site infection AE 10054997 SZ, DJ, SS, YH Infection AE that results in the patient gets infected at the sight of an infusion infusion site rash AE 10059830 Rash AE that results in patient has a rash at the site of infusion SZ, DJ, SS, YH infusion site reaction AE 10054996 SZ, DJ, SS, YH an allergy AE that has an outcome of infusion site allergic reaction ingrowing nail AE 10022013 SZ, DJ, SS, YH a nail disorder AE that results in a nail growing into the sides of the paronychium WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ingrowing+nail injection-site macule AE 10067255 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/macule SZ, DJ, SS, YH a skin discoloration AE that results in a discoloration of the skin at the site of injection of the drug injection-site phlebitis AE 10022090 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/phlebitis SZ, DJ, SS, YH Inflammation AE that results in swelling of the veins at the site of drug injection cataract operation 10063797 A surgery that is a procedure to remove the lens of your eye and, in most cases, replace it with an artificial lens. Cataract surgery is used to treat a cataract YH, SS cataract surgery injection-site scab AE 10066210 SZ, DJ, SS, YH an adverse event that results in the patient developing a scab at the site of drug injection instillation site pain AE 10022459 a pain AE that results in pain at the site of instillation WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/instillation SZ, DJ, SS, YH intention tremor AE 10022520 SZ, DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002345 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23094990 SIDER: C0234376 a tremor AE that results in the patient undergoing a broad, coarse, low frequency muscle tremor intentional drug misuse AE 10065679 SZ, DJ, SS, YH an adverse drug event that results in the intentional use of a drug in the wrong way (recreationally etc) intentional overdose AE 10022523 SZ, DJ, SS, YH an incorrect dose administration AE that results in overdosing on the drug on purpose interstitial lung disease AE 10022611 SIDER: C0206062 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23289473 SZ, DJ, SS, YH a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a disease affecting the interstitium, the tissue and space around the air sacs of the lungs HPO: HP_0006530 intervertebral disc protrusion AE 10050296 SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/herniation+of+intervertebral+disk a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus or anulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disk, which may impinge on nerve roots intestinal ischemia AE 10022680 intestinal ischaemia AE an ischaemia AE that has an outcome of blocked or narrowed blood vessels to the small or large intestines, can cause pain and permanent damage to the intestines SZ, DJ, SS, YH intestinal obstruction AE 10022687 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of a blockage that keeps substance from passing through the intestine, may be caused by fibrous bands of tissue in the abdomen, inflamed/infected pouches in the intestine, or hernias and tumors SIDER: C0021843 HPO: HP_0005250 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001306/ SZ, DJ, SS, YH intestinal perforation AE 10022694 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of perforation, or complete penetration, of the wall of the intestines SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001282/ intracardiac thrombus AE 10048620 SZ, DJ, SS, YH a thrombosis AE that has an outcome of thrombi in the ventricles WEB: http://www.cvimaging.northwestern.edu/for-physicians/cardiovascular-mri/indications/intracardiac-thrombus/ intracranial pressure increased AE 10022773 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000793.htm SIDER: C0151740 HPO: HP_0002516 a nervous system AE that has an outcome of a rise in the pressure inside the skull that can result from or cause brain injury SZ, DJ, SS, YH intraocular pressure test result abnormal AE 10060951 a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal intraocular pressure in the eye SZ, DJ, SS, YH, EB intussusception AE 10022863 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000958.htm a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in part of the intestine invaginating itself into another part of the intestine SIDER: C0021933 HPO: HP_0002576 MP: MP_0003294 SZ, DJ, SS, YH According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'intussusception'; is an adverse event that was mentioned in 143 VAERS reports (0.1%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). iron deficiency anemia AE 10022972 iron deficiency anaemia AE an anemia AE that has an outcome of fewer healthy red blood cells because the body does not have enough iron SIDER: C0162316 SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000584.htm HPO: HP_0001891 irritability AE 10022998 SZ, DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0022107 HPO: HP_0000737 Behavior and Neurological AE that results in the patient being easily annoyed/irritated NCIt: C50623 CTCAE: E11144 feverish (subjective) AE jaundice cholestatic AE 10023129 cholestasis jaundice AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cholestatic+jaundice HPO: HP_0006575 SZ, DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0022354 a jaundice AE that results in an abnormal bile flow in the liver jaw disorder AE 10061257 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of disease in the set of bones that hold the teeth SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/jawinjuriesanddisorders.html jaw fracture AE 10023149 SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000019.htm a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of break in the jaw bone jugular vein thrombosis AE 10023237 a thrombosis AE with an outcome of formation of a blood clot located in the internal jugular vein SZ, DJ, SS, YH klebsiella infection AE 10061259 SIDER: C0022729 a bacterial infection AE with an outcome of invasion by Klebsiella pneumonia, a form of bacterial pneumonia HPO: HP_0002742 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17307769 SZ, DJ, SS, YH knee deformity AE 10062061 SZ, DJ, SS, YH a bone disorder a that results in the knee becoming deformed lack of spontaneous speech AE 10023615 a speech disorder AE that results in the inability of a patient to speak properly SZ, DJ, SS, YH large for dates baby AE 10023789 SZ, DJ, SS, YH a congetical abnormality AE that results in the patient's baby being larger than it should be at the time in their pregnancy large granular lymphocytosis AE 10023791 SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10761014 an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of an increase in the number or proportion of natural killer cells, or cytotoxic lymphocytes critical to the innate immune system large intestinal ulcer AE 10023799 SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Intestinal+ulcer a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of an ulcer in the large intestine large intestine perforation AE 10023804 HPO: HP_0002250 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of perforation, or complete penetration, of the walls of the large intestine SIDER: NA WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000235.htm SZ, DJ, SS, YH le cells present AE 10024062 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/LE+cell SZ, DJ, SS, YH, EB an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal that results in LE cells (neutrophil or macrophage that has phagocytized the denatured nuclear material of another cell) being detected left atrial dilatation AE 10067286 a dilatation atrial AE that results in the left atrium of the heart becoming enlarged WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096293/ SZ, DJ, SS, YH left ventricular dysfunction AE 10049694 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1766527/ SZ, DJ, SS, YH CTCAE: E10130 a cardiac ventricular disorder AE that has an outcome of inability of the left ventricle to pump blood, may lead to heart failure NCIt: C64251 left ventricular failure AE 10024119 HPO: HP_0001635 SIDER: C0023212 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/left+ventricular+failure SZ, DJ, SS, YH a left ventricular dysfunction AE that has an outcome of congestive heart failure marked by pulmonary congestion and edema, the left ventricle fals to contract forcefully enough to maintain normal cardiac output and peripheral perfusion left ventricular hypertrophy AE 10049773 a left ventricular dysfunction disorder AE that has an outcome of the thickening of the myocardium of the left ventricle of the heart SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18030317 leukemia recurrent AE 10062489 WEB: http://www.yourcancertoday.com/Cancers/Leukemia-Acute-Myeloid-Adult/53 leukaemia recurrent AE a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of cancer of the white blood cells characterized by return of symptoms after remission SZ, DJ, SS, YH leukemic infiltration brain AE 10064987 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1454121 SZ, DJ, SS, YH a nervous system AE that has an outcome of cancerous white blood cells infiltrating the brain leukaemic infiltration brain AE leukemoid reaction AE 10024328 leukaemoid reaction AE HPO: HP_0001909 SIDER: C0023501 SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000575.htm Immune system disorder AE that results in an increase in white blood cell count as a result of stress or infection evidence inadequate to accept or reject an adverse event causal relation YH an outcome of adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of evidence is inadequate to accept or reject an adverse event causal relation Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 32. leukocytoclastic vasculitis AE 10024377 白细胞破碎性血管炎 HPO: HP_0011944 an vasculitis AE that has an outcome of fragmented cells, and debris in the blood vessels. May develop skin lesions, accompanied by arthralgia and fever WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/leukocytoclastic+vasculitis SIDER: C2973529 SZ, DJ, SS, YH leukocyturia AE 10050791 Urinary system AE that results in white blood cells in the urine WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/leukocyturia SZ, DJ, SS, YH leukoencephalopathy AE 10024382 CTCAE:E12712 HPO: HP_0002352 SZ, DJ, SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0270612 NCIt:C27059 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/leukoencephalopathy an encephalopathy AE that has an outcome of brain white matter disease leukopenia AE 10024384 SIDER: C0023530 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2154209/ HPO: HP_0001882 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of a lower than normal number of leukocytes, or nucleated cells of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue SZ, DJ, SS, YH libido disorder AE 10061221 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2695750/ SZ, DJ, SS, YH a psychiatric disorder AE that results in a disorder in the patient's desire for sexual interaction lichen planus AE 10024429 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001870/ a skin AE that has an outcome of an itchy rash on the skin or in the mouth SZ, DJ, SS, YH lip erosion AE 10051992 a skin erosion AE that results in the deterioration of the lip skin SZ, DJ, SS, YH lipase increased AE 10024574 CTCAE: E12185 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653991 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of an excess of lipase, a pancreatic enzyme, may indicate a problem related to pancreas hyperlipasemia AE NCIt: C78435 SZ, DJ, SS, YH central venous catheterisation 10053377 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000157.htm A medical intervention that is a tube going into a vein in your chest. It will help carry nutrients and medicine into your body. It will also be used to take blood when you need to have blood tests. YH, SS liver AE 10024670 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/liverdiseases.html Liver/biliary system AE that results in the disease of the liver SIDER: C0023895 SZ, DJ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0006706 liver disorder local swelling AE 10024770 SZ, DJ, SS, YH a localized edema AE that shows the outcome of swelling. localized infection AE 10024774 an infection AE located in a certain area localised infection AE HPO: HP_0002719 SZ, DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0016397 localised intraabdominal fluid collection AE 10066768 Abnormal fluid regulation AE that results in a collection of fluid in the intraabdominal area WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intra-abdominal SZ, DJ, SS, YH localized edema AE 10048961 10062466 SIDER: C0013609 CTCAE: E11148 NCIt: C78437 HPO: HP_0000969 SZ, DJ, SS, YH localised oedema AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1115975/ an edema AE occuring in a specific region localised edema AE loss of proprioception AE 10057332 SZ, DJ, SS, YH a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of loss of the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8294975 lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE 10050953 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003133.htm lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage AE SZ, DJ, SS, YH a gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract SIDER: C0024050 HPO: HP_0002239 lower respiratory tract infection AE 10024968 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8142/ an infection AE that has an outcome of infection in the lower respiratory tract, includes pneumonea as well as lung abscess and acute bronchitis HPO: HP_0002783 SIDER: C0149725 SZ, DJ, SS, YH lung consolidation AE 10025080 pulmonary consolidation AE SZ, DJ, SS, YH a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of liquid filling a region of lung tissue, marked by induration of a normally aerated lung WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/consolidation lung infection AE 10061229 WEB: http://www.livestrong.com/lung-infection/ HPO: HP_0002783 an infection AE that has an outcome of infection in the lungs SIDER: C0876973 CTCAE: E11444 SZ, DJ, SS, YH NCIt: C26873 lung infiltration AE 10025102 SZ, DJ, SS, YH SIDER: C0235896 HPO: HP_0005828 a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormal presence of granulomas, fluid, inflammatory exudates or cells in the lung tissue WEB: http://www.blurtit.com/q840550.html lung neoplasm AE 10062042 SIDER: C0024121 a tumor AE that has an outcome of a malignant tumor in the lung HPO: HP_0100526 SZ, DJ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Lung+neoplasm lymphadenopathy AE 10025197 HPO: HP_0002716 SIDER: C0497156 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lymphadenopathy an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of lymphadenopathy, which is a term meaning "disease of the lymph nodes" . It is generally a disease or inflammation of the lymph nodes, could be due to infection, auto-immune disease or malignancy lymphangiosis carcinomatosa AE 10053132 an inflammation AE occuring in the lymph vessels secondary to a malignancy WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8930034 SZ, SS, YH lymphocyte count decreased AE 10025256 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003657.htm SZ, SS, YH a lymphocyte count abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased amount of lymphocytes in the blood, a type of white blood cell in the immune system CTCAE: E12190 NCIt: C26823 lymphocyte percentage increased AE 10052232 a lymphocyte percentage abnormal AE that results in an increase in the levels of lymphocytes in the blood SZ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003657.htm lymphocytic infiltration AE 10062049 an immune system disorder AE that results in lymphocytes being infiltrated by harmful substances SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1098654-overview lymphocytosis AE 10025280 an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of an increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood HPO: HP_0012141 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lymphocytosis SIDER: C0024282 SZ, SS, YH lymphoedema AE 10025282 SIDER: C0024236 WEB: Primary Source: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1087313-overview Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23073712 an edema AE that has an outcome of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system HPO: HP_0001004 SZ, SS, YH lymphopenia AE 10025327 SZ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of reduction in the number of lymphocytes in the blood WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lymphopenia SIDER: C0024312 HPO: HP_0001888 macular degeneration AE 10025409 SIDER: C0024437 a eye disorder AE that has an outcome of cell death in the macula of the eye, destroying central vision HPO: HP_0007673 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/maculardegeneration.html SZ, SS, YH male orgasmic disorder AE 10025513 SZ, SS, YH a male reproductive system disorder AE that results in the inability of the male to achieve an orgasm despite lengthy sexual contact WEB: http://www.minddisorders.com/Kau-Nu/Male-orgasmic-disorder.html#b malignant neoplasm progression AE 10061309 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19824467 a tumor AE that has an outcome of growth or proliferation of an abnormal mass of tissue malignant pleural effusion AE 10026673 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11529302 SZ, SS, YH an respiratory system AE that has an outcome of abnormal amount of fluid collecting between the layers of tissue lining the outside of the lung and wall of chest cavity, caused by cancer colectomy 10061778 YH, SS A surgery that is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of your colon. WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/colectomy/MY00141/METHOD=print mammoplasty 10068647 a surgery that is performed to change the size of breasts WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mammoplasty SZ, SS, YH coronary artery disorder AE 10011078 10011082 YH, SS an arterial disorder AE that resuts in arteries that supply blood to heart muscle become hardened and narrowed. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/coronaryarterydisease.html coronary artery disese AE marrow hyperplasia AE 10026851 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/aplastic-anemia/DS00322/DSECTION=causes SZ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of bone marrow that contains an excess of blood cells maternal drugs affecting fetus AE 10026923 SZ, SS, YH maternal drugs affecting foetus AE a perinatal AE that results in the drugs being taken by the mother affecting unborn fetus in mother mediastinal disorder AE 10061280 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Mediastinal+diseases HPO: HP_0000765 an adverse event that results in a problem in the mediastinum of the patient (undelineated group of structures in the thorax surrounded by loose connective tissue) SIDER: C0025061 SZ, SS, YH megacolon AE 10027110 HPO: HP_0002251 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/megacolon a digestive system AE that has an outcome of abnormal dilation of the colon, often accompanied by paralysis of the peristaltic movements of the bowel SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0025160 melena AE 10027141 HPO: HP_0002249 Abnormal defecation AE that results in black feces associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage melaena AE SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003130.htm SIDER: C0025222 memory impairment AE 10027175 SIDER: C0233794 Behavior and Neurological AE that results in the loss of memory SZ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/impaired+memory NCIt:C78444 CTCAE:E12718 HPO: HP_0002354 meningitis aseptic AE 10027201 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aseptic+meningitis HPO: HP_0001287 SIDER: C0025290 a brain inflammation AE that results in the layers lining the brain becoming inflamed, not due to pygonenic bacteria menometrorrhagia AE 10027295 Hematuria AE that results in excessive uterine bleeding occurs irregularly and more frequently than normal HPO: HP_0100608 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0232943 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/menometrorrhagia menorrhagia AE 10027313 NCIt:C26829 HPO: HP_0000132 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0014910/ Female Reproductive System AE that results in abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period CTCAE:E13132 SZ, SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0025323 mental status changes AE 10048294 A mental status change does not have to be a disorder or even an adverse event. It can be a good change, from a disorder status to a normal recovered status. WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/altered_mental_status/symptoms.htm SZ, SS, YH, Izabela Birsanescu a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of changes in mental status metabolic disorder AE 10058097 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/metabolicdisorders.html a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that has an outcome of abnormal chemical reactions in the body that disrupts a metabolic process dilatation atrial AE 10013002 atrial dilatation, atrial enlargement YH, SS A cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of enlargement of the heart metastasis to abdominal cavity AE 10027450 WEB: Primary Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002260.htm Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19373966 SZ, SS, YH an abdominal AE that shows the spreading of the cancer cells to the abdominal cavity of the patient metastasis to bone AE 10027452 a tumor AE that has an outcome of cancerous cells spreading to the bone from elsewhere SZ, SS, YH metastasis to central nervous system AE 10059282 a tumor AE that results in cancerous cells spreading from a primary tumor to the central nervous system WEB: http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/content/8/5/398.long, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19373966 SZ, SS, YH metastasis to liver AE 10027457 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000277.htm a tumor AE that results in cancerous cells spreading to the liver organ SZ, SS, YH metastasis to lung AE 10027458 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000097.htm a tumor AE that results in cancerous cells spreading to the lung SZ, SS, YH metastasis to meninges AE 10051696 WEB: 1. http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/content/1/1/56.full 2. http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=45782 meningeal metastasis AE SZ, SS, YH a tumor AE that has an outcome cancerous cells spreaing from primary tumor to the thin layers of tissue that protect the brain and spinal cord, may experience increased intracranial pressure metastasis to peritoneum AE 10051676 a tumor AE that results in cancerous cells spreading from primary tumor to the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/peritoneum Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=metastasis%20to%20peritoneum%20%5BTI%5D SZ, SS, YH metastasis to pleura AE 10027463 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pleuraldisorders.html SZ, SS, YH a tumor AE that results in a disease spreading to the pleural cavity due to cancerous activities evidence favoring rejection of an adverse event causal relation an outcome of adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of evidence favors rejection of an adverse event causal relation YH Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 32. metastasis to spine AE 10027468 WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1157987-overview SZ, SS, YH a tumor AE that results in cancerous cells spreading to the spine metastasis AE 10062194 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002260.htm SZ, SS, YH a tumor AE with an outcome of spreading of disease from one organ to another non-adjacent organ or part metastatic neoplasm AE 10061289 SZ, SS, YH a tumor AE with an outcome of spreading of cancerous cells from abnormal mass of tissue WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20121607 metrorrhagia AE 10027514 HPO: HP_0100608 Urinary System AE that is characterized by uterine bleeding at irregular intervals SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0025874 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/metrorrhagia microangiopathic hemolytic anemia AE 10027527 HPO: HP_0001937 SIDER: C0221021 microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia AE Cardiovascular disorder AE that results in a fragmentation of red blood cells resulting from the narrowing of small blood vessels WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/microangiopathic+hemolytic+anemia SZ, SS, YH mitral valve incompetence AE 10027727 HPO: HP_0001653 SIDER: C0026266 a cardiac valve disease AE that is characterized by the inability of the heart's mitral valve to close tightly, allowing blood to flow backward in the heart SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Mitral+Valve+Insufficiency mouth hemorrhage AE 10028024 WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0029163/ a digestive system AE that has an outcome of bleeding from blood vessels located in the mouth SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0029163 mouth haemorrhage AE HPO: HP_0000167 mouth ulceration AE 10028034 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of sores or open lesions in the mouth WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001448.htm HPO: HP_0000155 aphthous stomatitis AE SZ, SS, YH canker sore AE SIDER: C0149745 multiple sclerosis relapse AE 10048393 Multiple Sclerosis AE that is characterized by a relapse of Multiple Sclerosis SZ, SS, YH WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001747/ Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22980532 muscle cramp AE 10028294 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/musclecramps.html SZ, SS, YH a muscle contraction AE that has an outcome of painful sensations, associated with muscle fatigue and low sodium/potassium muscle enzyme level increased AE 10057945 a muscle enzyme level abnormal AE that results in an increased level of muscle enzyme SZ, SS, YH muscular dystrophy AE 10028356 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002172/ a muscle AE that results in the musculoskeletal system being weakened at locomotion is hampered musculoskeletal chest pain AE 10050819 HPO: HP_0006649 SIDER: C0476280 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-causes-of-musculoskeletal-chest-pain?source=see_link a pain AE located in musculoskeletal structures of the chest wall, atypical or noncardiac chest pain mycoplasma infection AE 10061300 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15142464 Bacterial infection AE that results in the patient being infected with the Mycoplasma bacteria evidence favoring acceptance of an adverse event causal relation Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 32. an outcome of adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of evidence favors acceptance of an adverse event causal relation YH myelodysplastic syndrome AE 10028533 CTCAE:E12552 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of ineffective production of the myeloid class of blood cells HPO: HP_0006730 SIDER: C0026986 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/myelodysplasticsyndromes.html SZ, SS, YH, MW NCIt:C3247 myelofibrosis AE 10028537 HPO: HP_0011974 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001558/ SZ, SS, YH a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of bone marrow being replaced by scar tissue SIDER: C0026987 myocardial ischemia AE 10028600 SIDER: C0151744 a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand HPO: HP_0001637 myocardial ischaemia AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1768241/ SZ, SS, YH myocarditis AE 10028606 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001204/ SZ, SS, YH NCIt: C34831 an inflammation AE that has an outcome of inflammation of the heart muscle CTCAE: E10157 nail disorder AE 10028694 SIDER: C0027339 HPO: HP_0001597 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/nail-disorders-000116.htm a bone disorder AE, most commonly fungal infection, that is characterized by discoloration, painful swelling, pits, lesions and brown bands nail infection AE 10061304 SIDER: C0343026 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/paronychia_nail_infection/article_em.htm a nail AE around the nail area, tends to be fungal HPO: HP_0008396 necrosis ischemic AE 10028862 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ischemic+necrosis necrosis ischaemic AE Cell death AE that results in necrosis occurring due to a local deprivation of blood SZ, SS, YH neoplasm malignant AE 10028997 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0006826 a progressive tumor AE that has an outcome of an abnormal mass of cells that metastasizes HPO: HP_0002664 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/malignant+neoplasm neoplasm progression AE 10061309 an tumor AE that has an outcome of growth of the neoplasm, an abnormal mass of tissue in the body WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neoplasm Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263846 SZ, SS, YH neoplasm recurrence AE 10061864 a tumor AE that has an outcome of microscopic cells of the original neoplasm escaping therapeutic intervention and later becoming clinically visible at the original site SZ, SS, YH nephrocalcinosis AE 10029146 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001522/ SIDER: C0027709 HPO: HP_0000121 SZ, SS, YH Kidney disorder AE that results in an increased amount of calcium deposits in the renal parenchyma nephrotic syndrome AE 10029164 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001520/ SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0000100 a kidney disorder AE that has an outcome of a group of symptoms that include protein in the urine, low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels and swelling SIDER: C0027726 nerve compression AE 10029174 WEB: http://nerve.wustl.edu/nd_compression.php SZ, SS, YH a neuropathy AE that has an outcome of direct pressure on a single nerve, can cause pain, tingling and muscle weakness nerve root compression AE 10061866 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719259 Nervous System AE that results in pressure on a root nerve SZ, SS, YH nerve root lesion AE 10029188 SZ, SS, YH Nervous system AE that results in a lesion occurring on a nerve root neurological decompensation AE 10068357 A nervous system AE that has an outcome of inability of maintaining neurological functions. SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/decompensation neuroma AE 10029308 HPO: HP_0009588 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0027858 Tumor AE that results in a tumor growing on nerve tissue WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neuroma neurotoxicity AE 10029350 10067722 SZ, SS, YH, QL WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxicity a nervous system AE that alters the normal activity of the nervous system due to exposure to neurotoxins (which can be natural or artificial toxic substances), and causes damage to nervous tissue toxic neuropathy AE neutralizing antibodies positive AE 10064980 SZ, SS, YH, EB neutralising antibodies positive AE an immunolgy and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that is chracterized by neutralising antibodies detected in the blood WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neutralizing+antibody neutropenia AE 10029354 HPO: HP_0001875 a neutropenia AE that compromises the immune system where the number of neutrophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, is abnormally low. A neutropenia makes body vulnerable to bacterial and fungal infections. SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neutropenia SIDER: C0027947 neutropenia neonatal AE 10029358 WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/neonatal, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neonatal+neutropenia,+alloimmune a neutropenia AE that results in an abnormal number of neutrophils in a newborn infant SZ, SS, YH neutropenic colitis AE 10062959 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/183791-overview a gastrointestinal Inflammation AE that results in the cecum, part of the large intestine, being inflamed SIDER: C0400823 HPO: HP_0002583 neutropenic sepsis AE 10049151 a sepsis AE caused by neutropenia or an abnormally low neutrophil count WEB: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG151 SZ, SS, YH neutrophil count abnormal AE 10061313 SZ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20030 a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that results in an abnormal number of neutrophil granulocytes, a type of white blood cell (outside the normal range of ~1700 per microliter) neutrophil count decreased AE 10029366 SZ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/neutropenia/MY00110 CTCAE: E12198 neutropenia AE a neutrophil count abnormal AE that has an outcome of decreased neutrophil count SIDER: NA NCIt: C80520 HPO: HP_0011991 neutrophil percentage increased AE 10052224 SZ, SS, YH a neutrophil percentage abnormal AE that has an outcome of increase in percentage of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neutrophil nodular regenerative hyperplasia AE 10051081 a hyperplasia AE that has an outcome of liver/biliary system cell overproduction, associated with portal hypertension WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070012/ SZ, SS, YH non-small cell lung cancer AE 10061873 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004462/ a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of adenocarcinomas in an outer area of the lung, squamous cell carcinomas in the center of the lung or large cell carcinomas in any part of the lung non-small cell lung cancer stage iv AE 10029522 a lung disorder AE that results in the patient suffering from lung cancer at state IV SZ, SS, YH normochromic normocytic anemia AE 10029783 normochromic normocytic anaemia AE SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0271899 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/normocytic+normochromic+anemia HPO: HP_0001897 an anemia AE that has an outcome of insufficient numbers of red blood cells despite a normal concentration of hemoglobin in the cells obesity surgery 10059610 SZ, SS, YH a surgery that aims to control obesity obstructive airways disorder AE 10061877 a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of chronic bronchitis or emphysema which causes the airways to narrow over time HPO: HP_0006536 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_copd/article.htm SIDER: C0600260 SZ, SS, YH occult blood AE 10061878 WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/occult+blood a gastrointestinal investigation result abnormal AE that results in blood that is present in amounts too small to be seen and can be detected only by chemical analysis or microscopic examination SZ, SS, YH, EB WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/occult+blood\ odynophagia AE 10030094 a gustatory system AE that has an outcome of painful swallowing in the mouth or esophagus. Can lead to weight loss. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/odynophagia SZ, SS, YH esophageal pain AE 10015388 10030180 SZ, SS, YH CTCAE: E10661 HPO: HP_0010833 SIDER: C0221727 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oesophageal oesophageal pain AE a pain AE located in the esophagus NCIt: C78280 esophageal stenosis AE 10015448 10030194 an esophagus AE that results in a narrowing in the esophagus caused by buildup of scar tissue or by a congenital defect WEB: http://esophagealstenosis.org/ SZ, SS, YH oesophageal stenosis AE CTCAE: E10670 SIDER: C0014866 NCIt: C34595 HPO: HP_0010450 esophagitis AE 10015461 10030216 oesophagitis AE NCIt: C9224 HPO: HP_0100633 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002138/ CTCAE: E10687 SIDER: C0014868 SZ, SS, YH an esophagus AE located in the esophagus, can present with heartburn, and nausea oligohydramnios AE 10030289 SIDER: C0079924 a reproductive system AE that has an outcome of insufficient placenta, the baby may get less oxygen and nutrients WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002455/ HPO: HP_0001562 SZ, SS, YH placental dysfunction AE onychalgia AE 10064251 SZ, SS, YH a nail disorder AE that has an outcome of pain in the fingernails or toenails WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/onychalgia onychoclasis AE 10048886 a nail disorder AE that results in the breaking of the fingernails or toenails WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/onychoclasis SIDER: C0546956 SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001808 onycholysis AE 10030337 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16422468 SIDER: C0085661 a nail disorder AE that results in the nail separating from the nail bed starting at distal or lateral attachment HPO: HP_0008400 evidence establishing an adverse event causal relation Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 33. YH an outcome of adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of evidence establishes an adverse event causal relation onychomadesis AE 10049274 SZ, SS, YH a nail disorder AE that results in nails spontaneously shedding starting from the proximal end WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/onychomadesis open angle glaucoma AE 10030348 SIDER: C0017612 HPO: HP_0000501 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002587/ SZ, SS, YH Eye disorder AE that results in chronic glaucoma progressing slowly opiates positive AE 10063232 SZ, SS, YH, EB a toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE that results in the patient testing positive for opiates oral candidiasis AE 10030963 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/thrush/article.htm thrush AE HPO: HP_0009098 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a fungal infection located in the mouth caused by the candida fungus SIDER: C0006849 oral cavity fistula AE 10065720 NCIt: C78506 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of fistula, or an abnormal connection between two epithelium-lined organs or vessels, located in the oral cavity CTCAE: E10888 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fistula SZ, SS, YH oral herpes AE 10067152 WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/oral_herpes/article_em.htm SZ, SS, YH a digestive system AE that has an outcome of a viral infection located in the mouth caused by herpes simplex virus, causes painful sores oral intake reduced AE SZ, SS, YH a gustatory system AE that has an outcome of a decreased amount of substance in food or drinking water ingested oral mucosa erosion AE 10064594 SZ, SS, YH Digestive System AE that results in oral lesions oral mucosal erythema AE 10067418 SZ, SS, YH an erythema AE that results in redness of the oral mucosa area WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17767983 oral pain AE 10031009 SZ, SS, YH NCIt: C78509 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oral HPO: HP_0010833 a pain AE located in the oral cavity, pertaining to the mouth SIDER: C0221776 CTCAE: E10904 oral soft tissue disorder AE 10031015 WEB: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00001601 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of disease in the soft tissue of the mouth or systemic diseases involving the mouth SZ, SS, YH oral surgery 10051059 SZ, SS, YH a surgery that treats injuries and defects involving both the functional and esthetic aspects of the hard/soft tissue of the head, mouth, teeth, gums, jaws, and neck WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oral+surgery Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530364 orbital edema AE 10031051 HPO: HP_0100539 an edema that results in swelling around the eyes orbital oedema AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7654583 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0424813 organizing pneumonia AE 10067472 a pneumonia AE that results in the healing process being characterized by organization and cicatrizaion of the exudate rather than resolution WEB: Primary Source: http://thorax.bmj.com/content/55/4/318.full Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745738/ organising pneumonia AE SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002090 SIDER: C0264383 oropharyngeal candidiasis AE 10050346 Digestive System AE that is characterized by fungus (mainly Candida albicans, but can be other Candida species - C.glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei) in throat or mouth (Thrush) SIDER: C0919659 SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0009098 WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/candidiasis/thrush/ oropharyngeal spasm AE 10031111 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of muscle spasm in the oropharynx area HPO: HP_0003739 SIDER: C0234952 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Oropharyngeal+airway osteomyelitis AE 10031252 SIDER: C0029443 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001473/ HPO: HP_0007626 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of bacterial infection in the bone osteomyelitis chronic AE 10031256 WEB: Primary Source: http://www.posna.org/education/StudyGuide/chronicOsteomyelitis.asp Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20471296 SZ, SS, YH a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of chronic infection of the bone or bone marrow adverse event relative risk YH a data item that represents the ratio of the rate of occurence of the adverse event in persons having the medical intervention (e.g., vaccination) to the rate in otherwise comparable persons without the medical intervention. Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 20-21. osteonecrosis AE 10031264 SIDER: C0029445 HPO: HP_0010885 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of bone death due to the loss of blood supply, leading to pain and arthritis SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/osteonecrosis.html osteonecrosis of jaw AE 10064658 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702591 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of disease that affects the maxilla and the mandible, characterized through exposure of the bone through lesions in the gingiva that do not heal SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0010885 SIDER: C1401381 osteoradionecrosis AE 10067352 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of necrosis or death of bone as a result of exposure to radiation WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/osteoradionecrosis SZ, SS, YH osteosclerosis AE 10031298 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/osteosclerosis HPO: HP_0011001 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0029464 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of elevation in bone density ovarian cancer AE 10033128 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001891/ SIDER: C1140680 HPO: HP_0100615 SZ, SS, YH a female reproductive system AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the ovaries, female reproductive organs that produce eggs ovarian enlargement AE 10033157 Female reproductive system AE that results in an enlargement of the patient's ovaries SZ, SS, YH ovarian mass AE 10058823 SZ, SS, YH a female reproductive system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal mass appearing in the patient's ovaries overdose AE 10033295 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007287.htm SZ, SS, YH Incorrect dose administration AE that results in the ingestion or application of a drug in greater quantities than recommended oxygen saturation decreased AE 10033318 an oxygen saturation abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decreased percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen WEB: Primary Source: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypoxemia/MY00219\ Secondary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oxygen+saturation SZ, SS, YH, EB pain in jaw AE 10033433 SIDER: C0236000 a pain AE that has an outcome of pain in the set of bones that hold the teeth HPO: HP_0200023 SZ, SS, YH pain of skin AE 10033474 SIDER: C0241136 a pain AE located in the skin SZ, SS, YH, MW CTCAE:E13668 HPO: HP_0010833 NCIt:C78516 palmar erythema AE 10033551 HPO: HP_0007548 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18039017 SIDER: C0014745 SZ, SS, YH a erythema AE that is characterized by the reddening of the palms at the thenar and hypothenar eminences palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE CTCAE: E13672 YH: MedDRA: 10033553 is for "palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome"; MedDRA: 10054524 is for "palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome". Hand Food Syndrome AE WEB: http://news.cancerconnect.com/hand-foot-syndrome-palmar-plantar-erythrodysesthesia/ NCIt: C27177 SZ, SS, YH, MW palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome AE a skin AE generally caused by chemotherapy that is characterized by the palms and soles becoming red, swollen, numb and the skin peeling. UMLS CUI: C0549410 pancreatic mass AE 10049082 Tumor AE that results in an undifferentiated growth in the patient's pancreas WEB: Primary Source: http://stanfordhospital.org/digestivehealth/pancreas/conditions/pancreatic-cysts-symptoms-diagnosis.html Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855657 SZ, SS, YH pancreatitis acute AE 10033647 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000287.htm SIDER: C0001339 a pancreatitis AE that has an outcome of sudden inflammation of the pancreas HPO: HP_0001735 pancreatitis relapsing AE 10033657 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002129/ a pancreatitis AE that results in pancreatitis reoccurring in the patient SZ, SS, YH pancytopenia AE 10033661 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pancytopenia SIDER: C0030312 SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001876 Hematopoietic System AE that results in a reduction in the amount of red and white blood cells and platelets in blood papilloedema AE 10033703 10033712 SZ, SS, YH an edema AE that has an outcome of optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure HPO: HP_0001085 CTCAE: E10411 papilledema AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Papilloedema SIDER: C0030353 NCIt: C3307 adverse event risk difference The AE risk difference depends on both the background incidence of the adverse event (i.e., among nonrecipients) and the relative risk of its occurence in medical intervention recipients versus nonrecipients. Even when the AE rlative risk is high, the AE risk difference will be low if the event is extremely rare. Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 27. a data item that represents the incidence of the adverse event among recipients of a medical intervention (e.g., vaccinatoin) minus the incidence of the adverse event among otherwise similar nonrecipients. YH parathyroid tumor benign AE 10033964 parathyroid tumour benign AE SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001188.htm Tumor AE that results in a benign tumor in the parathyroid region paronychia AE 10034016 SZ, SS, YH, MW a skin infection AE thar occurs around the fingernails and toenailsnail. Bacteria or a type of yeast called Candida cause this infection. Bacteria and yeast can even combine into one infection. nail infection AE WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/paronychia HPO: HP_0001818 SIDER: C0030578 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paronychia pathological fracture AE 10034156 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pathological+fracture SIDER: C0016663 HPO: HP_0005744 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of a broken bone caused by disease leading to weakenss of the bone, commonly osteoporosis pericardial effusion AE 10034474 CTCAE: E10172 HPO: HP_0001698 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3110902/ NCIt: C3319 SIDER: C0031039 a cardiac disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity SZ, SS, YH perineal pain AE 10061339 CTCAE:E13175 a pain AE that results in soreness around the vaginal opening after giving birth SZ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20002420 NCIt:C78529 periodontal disease AE 10034536 CTCAE: E10935 牙龈炎 SIDER: C0031090 SZ, SS, YH NCIt: C63743 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of inflammation and infection that destroys the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, the periodontal ligaments and the tooth sockets HPO: HP_0000704 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002051/ gingivitis AE periodontitis AE 10034539 HPO: HP_0000704 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0031099 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002054/ a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of inflammation and infection of the ligaments and bones that support the teeth peripheral ischemia AE 10034576 10034578 HPO: HP_0002597 CTCAE:E13810 peripheral ischaemia AE SIDER: C0235490 WEB: Primary Source: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4052 Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6430442 an ischaemia AE that has an outcome of restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism NCIt: C78535 外周缺血 YH: MedDRA: 10034576 is for "peripheral ischaemia"; MedDRA: 10034578 is for "peripheral ischemia". SZ, SS, YH peripheral motor neuropathy AE 10034580 a motor neuropathy AE that results in damage to the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord SZ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001619/ NCIt:C3500 SIDER: C0235025 CTCAE:E12762 HPO: HP_0007178 peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy AE 10056673 Neuropathy can affect nerves that provide feeling (sensory neuropathy) or cause movement (motor neuropathy). It can also affect both, in which case it is called a sensorimotor neuropathy. SZ, SS, YH a peripheral sensory neuropathy AE that results in the patient losing the ability to move or feel. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000750.htm peripheral sensory neuropathy AE 10034620 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Peripheral+sensory+neuropathy SIDER: C0151313 a sensory neuropathy AE that has an outcome of damaged nerves outside the brain and spinal cord HPO: HP_0000763 SZ, SS, YH, MW NCIt:C3501 CTCAE:E12768 peritonsillar abscess AE 10034686 SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001739 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001981/ SIDER: C0031157 an abscess AE that results in a collection of infected material around the tonsils pertussis AE 10034738 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002528/ SZ, SS, YH Respiratory system AE characterized by the whooping cough petechiae AE 10034754 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of tiny pinpoint red dots that form due to broken blood vessels under the skin SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0000967 MP: MP_0008816 SIDER: C0031256 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm pharyngeal inflammation AE 10065716 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172144 SZ, SS, YH Inflammation AE that results in an inflammation of the pharyngeal region phlebitis superficial AE 10034902 WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Thrombophlebitis Secondary Source: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/463256-overview a phlebitis that is characterized by blood clots that occur in different locations SZ, SS, YH photodermatosis AE 10051246 SIDER: C0920193 HPO: HP_0000992 WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/photodermatosis Secondary Source http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3063367/ SZ, SS, YH a skin AE that results in the patient's skin becoming diseased due to exposure to sunlight photosensitivity reaction AE 10034966 10034972 a skin AE that shows a cutaneous disease as a result of sun allergy and may be induced by different triggers such as a chemical. WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049648-overview NCIt: C38004 photosensitivity AE SIDER: C0162830 SZ, SS, YH, MW CTCAE: E13680 MedDRA: 10034972 and UMLS CUI: C0162830 are for "photosensitivity reaction"; MedDRA: 10034966 and UMLS CUI: C0349506 are for "photosensitivity". UMLS CUI: C0349506; UMLS CUI: C0162830 HPO: HP_0000992 WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/sunlight-and-skin-damage/photosensitivity-reactions pigmentation disorder AE 10062080 HPO: HP_0001000 a skin AE that has an outcome of loss or reduction in human skin color, may be related to loss of melanocytes or inability of melanocytes to produce melanin SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0549567 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/skinpigmentationdisorders.html atrioventricular block AE 10003671 SIDER: C0004245 HPO: HP_0001678 WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=10751 heart block SS AV block a conduction system disorder AE that refers to partial or complete block of electrical impulses originating in the atrium or sinus node, preventing them from reaching the AV node and ventricles pleural effusion AE 10035598 a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of fluid buildup between the layers of tissue that line the lungs and chest cavity CTCAE:E13486 SIDER: C0032227 SZ, SS, YH, MW HPO: HP_0002202 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001150/ NCIt:C3331 pleural hemorrhage AE 10035601 10055319 MedDRA: 10035601 is for "pleural haemorrhage"; MedDRA: 10055319 is for "pleural hemorrhage". UMLS CUI: C0019123 SZ, SS, YH a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the pleural cavity, the potential space between the two pleura of the lungs CTCAE: E13492 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemothorax NCIt: C50582 pleural haemorrhage AE pleurisy AE 10035618 SZ, SS, YH a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest that leads to chest pain WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002347/ HPO: HP_0002102 SIDER: C0032231 pleuritic pain AE 10035623 SZ, SS, YH, MW a pain AE induced by inflammation in the lungs that is characterized by sharp or stabbing pain in the chest WEB: http://pleuriticchestpain.net/, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pleuritic+chest+pain CTCAE:E13498 NCIt:C78564 pneumatosis intestinalis AE 10057030 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in gas cysts developing within the walls of the small or large intestine WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9530294 SZ, SS, YH pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia AE 10064108 a pneumonia AE that has an outcome of a fungal infection of the lungs by Pneumocystis jiroveci WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001692/ HPO: HP_0002096 SIDER: C1535939 SZ, SS, YH pneumomediastinum AE 10050184 Respiratory System AE that results in air being present in the mediastinum SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001148/ pneumonia aspiration AE 10035669 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000121.htm SIDER: C0032290 a pneumonia AE that has an outcome of inflammation in the lungs and airways to the lungs from breathing in foreign material HPO: HP_0002100 pneumonia primary atypical AE 10035730 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/primary+atypical+pneumonia SZ, SS, YH a pneumonia AE that has an outcome of an acute systemic disease with involvement of the lungs, caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniAE and marked by high fever and cough pneumonitis AE 10035742 CTCAE:E13502 NCIt:C3333 pulmonitis AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pneumonitis SZ, SS, YH, MW a lung inflammation AE located in the lung tissue pneumothorax AE 10035759 CTCAE:E13508 SZ, SS, YH, MW NCIt:C38006 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001151/ HPO: HP_0006522 SIDER: C0032326 a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of a collapsed lung due to collection of air in the space around the lungs. pollakiuria AE 10036018 a urinary system AE that results in abnormally frequent urination polyuria AE frequent micturition AE HPO: HP_0000103 SIDER: C0042023 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/pollakiuria polycythemia vera AE 10036057 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Polycythaemia+vera polycythaemia vera AE SZ, SS, YH a hematopoietic disorder AE that results in the bone marrow producing too many red blood cells portal hypertension AE 10036200 http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/portal%20hypertension SZ, SS, YH CTCAE: E11238 SIDER: C0020541 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21129318 a hypertension AE located in the heptatic portal system caused by obstruction or occlusion that produces splenomegaly and ascites in its later stages NCIt: C3119 HPO: HP_0001409 portal vein thrombosis AE 10036206 PVT CTCAE: E11243 NCIt: C78565 a thrombosis AE that has an outcome of formation of a blood clot affecting the hepatic portal vein, can lead to hypertension or reduction of blood supply to the liver SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/portal+vein+thrombosis post lumbar puncture syndrome AE 10060854 SZ, SS, YH a syndrome that results in the patient suffering a set of problems after having a spinal tap procedure WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19921503 postoperative fever AE 10050087 Fever AE that results in a fever occurring after an operation WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22774619 SZ, SS, YH postoperative thrombosis AE 10050902 A thrombosis AE that occurs after an operation that results in a blood clot in a blood vessel disrupting blood flow throughout the body SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19756494 pregnancy on contraceptive AE 10067667 SZ, SS, YH Female reproductive system AE that results in the patient getting pregnant even when using a contraceptive premature baby AE 10036590 a perinatal AE that has an outcome of premature baby SZ, SS, YH premature labor AE 10036600 SZ, SS, YH a pregnancy AE that has an outcome of labor beginning prior to the 37th week of gestation preterm labor AE WEB: http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=premature%20labor premature labour AE presyncope AE 10036653 SZ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/presyncope NCIt:C80100 SIDER: C0700200 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of a near-fainting episode which may include lightheadedness, dizziness, severe weakness, blurred vision, which may precede syncopal episode CTCAE:E12778 HPO: HP_0002321 primary sequestrum AE 10052460 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/primary+sequestrum a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of a piece of dead bone that completely separates from sound bone during the process of necrosis prinzmetal angina AE 10036759 coronary vessel spasm AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prinzmetal+angina Prinzmetal's angina AE SIDER: C0002963 HPO: HP_0001681 SZ, SS, YH a coronary artery disorder AE that results in cardiac pain at rest that occurs in cycles proctalgia AE 10036772 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0034886 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/proctalgia HPO: HP_0004378 a digestive system AE that results in the pain located at the anus or in the rectum endodontic procedure 10051085 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/endodontic A medical intervention that is a procedure occuring in the inside structures of the tooth, including the dental pulp and tooth root, and the periapical tissue surrounding the root. YH, SS endotracheal intubation 10067450 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Endotracheal+intubation YH, SS A medical intervention that creates a passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea for maintenance of the airway, as during the administration of anesthesia. gastrectomy 10061965 A surgery that has an outcome of the removal of part or all of the stomach. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002945.htm YH, SS productive cough AE 10036790 SZ, SS, YH, MW CTCAE:E13517 WEB: http://coldflu.about.com/od/glossary/g/productivecough.htm NCIt:C78569 a cough AE that has an outcome of secretions that could be mucous or blood prostate cancer AE 10060862 SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0012125 a tumor AE that has an outcome of cancer that starts in the prostate gland, the small structure that wraps around the urethra carrying urine out of the body SIDER: C0376358 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001418/ prostate examination abnormal AE 10055025 a physical examination result abnormal AE that results in a prostate exam being different than expected SZ, SS, EB prostatic specific antigen increased AE 10036975 SZ, SS, YH a male reproductive system AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of prostatic specific antigen, a glycoprotein enzyme present in small quantities in the serum of men with healthy prostates. May indicate prostate cancer or prostate disorders WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23277770 protein total abnormal AE 10037012 a protein and chemistry analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by the protein level in the body being abnormal SZ, SS, YH, EB prothrombin level decreased AE 10037050 SZ, SS, YH, EB a prothrombin level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decrease in level of prothrombin in body WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/prothrombin prothrombin time prolonged AE 10037063 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003652.htm SZ, SS, YH, EB a prothrombin time abnormal AE that has an outcome of prolonged time for plasma in the blood to clot pseudomembranous colitis AE 10037128 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001305/ SIDER: C1257843 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of infection in the large intestine with an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile bacteria HPO: HP_0002583 pseudomonas infection AE 10061471 WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/970904-overview SIDER: C0033817 a bacterial infection AE that has an outcome of infection by genus Pseudomonas, typically targets respiratory tract HPO: HP_0005429 SZ, SS, YH psychosomatic disease AE 10049587 SZ, SS, YH a psychiatric disorder AE that results in physical pain being caused by the patient's life stresses WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psychosomatic+disease psychotic disorder AE 10061920 A mental disorder AE that results in abnormal condition of the mind HPO: HP_0000709 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/psychotic+disorder SIDER: C0033975 SZ, SS, YH evidence of biological plausity of adverse event causality an adverse event causality evidence that has an outcome of biological plausity. YH Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 28. pulmonary arterial hypertension AE 10064911 SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0002092 SIDER: C2973725 a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of hypertension or abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001171/ pulmonary congestion AE 10037368 SIDER: C0242073 a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of engorgement of pulmonary vessels with transudation of fluid into the alveolar and interstitial spaces, seen in cardiac disease, infections, and certain injuries WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulmonary+congestion HPO: HP_0004930 SZ, SS, YH pulmonary embolism AE 10037340 10037377 10037437 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299609 HPO: HP_0002204 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0034065 an arterial embolism AE that results in the blockage of the main artery of a lung or one of its branches by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream pulmonary thrombosis AE pulmonary artery thrombosis AE [SS] moved by relation 'SubclassOf' from lung disorder AE to arterial embolism on 01/07/14 pulmonary fibrosis AE 10037383 SZ, SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0034069 HPO: HP_0002206 CTCAE:E13527 NCIt:C26869 a lung disorder AE wih the outcome of damaged or scarred lung tissue. Thickened tissue impairs lung function WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pulmonary-fibrosis/DS00927 pulmonary hemorrhage AE 10037394 SZ, SS, YH a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of acute bleeding from the lung, especially in the upper respiratory tract and the endotracheal tube pulmonary haemorrhage AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23217914 pulmonary hypertension AE 10037400 SIDER: C0020542 NCIt:C3120 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001171/ CTCAE:E13539 a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormally high blood pressure in the arteris of the lungs SZ, SS, YH, MW HPO: HP_0002092 pulmonary mass AE 10056342 a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormal spot in the lungs that is more than 3 cm in size SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://lungcancer.about.com/od/whatislungcancer/a/Lung-Mass.htm pulmonary edema AE a lung disorder AE that has an outcome of edema or abnormal buildup of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs, leads to shortness of breath HPO: HP_0100598 SIDER: C0034063 UMLS CUI: C0034063 SZ, SS, YH, MW WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001195/ NCIt: C26868 MedDRA: 10037423 is for "pulmonary oedema"; MedDRA: 10037375 is for "pulmonary edema" pulmonary oedema AE CTCAE: E13521 pulse absent AE 10037469 SZ, SS, YH a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of an inability to detect pulse WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003078.htm pulse pressure decreased AE 10037480 a cardiovascular disorder AE that has an outcome of abnormally low pulse pressure, less than 25% of systolic value. Can indicate blood loss or low stroke volume WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pulse+pressure SZ, SS, YH purulent discharge AE 10037569 WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=21858 SZ, SS, YH an adverse event with an outcome of the release or secretion of pus pyelocaliectasis AE 10061927 SZ, SS, YH a kidney disorder AE that is characterized by the dilation of calices, usually due to obstruction or infection WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/calicectasis radiation injury AE 10037760 SZ, SS, YH an injury AE caused by ionizing radiation WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Radiation+Injuries radiation mucositis AE 10037763 a digestive system AE that results in the inflammation of mucous membranes lining the digestive tract. Caused by radiation, can lead to mouth sores WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=19881 SZ, SS, YH radiation esophagitis AE 10048899 radiation oesophagitis AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/esophagitis SZ, SS, YH a digestive system AE that has an outcome of inflammation that radiation causes swelling of the esophagus radiation pneumonitis AE 10037765 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8091 a lung inflammation AE due to radiation therapy radiation skin injury AE 10063562 NCIt: C3349 SZ, SS, YH a skin AE that has an outcome of injury to the skin and underlying tissues from exposure to a large external dose of radiation WEB: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/criphysicianfactsheet.asp rales AE 10037833 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/crackles a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of clicking, rattling or crackling noises made by one or both lungs during inhalation Crackles erythematous rash AE 10037855 SIDER: C0234913 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145421 rash erythematous AE a rash ae adverse event that results in redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0007432 generalized rash AE 10037858 HPO: HP_0000988 rash (generalized) AE SIDER: C0497365 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.freemd.com/rash-generalized/overview.htm a rash AE occuring in several areas of the body rash generalised AE rash pruritic AE 10037884 a rash AE that has an outcome of an unpleasant sensation of the skin that provokes the uge to scratch WEB: http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/dermatology/pruritus-itch/ SZ, SS, YH recall phenomenon AE 10060856 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7577597 SZ, SS, YH an inflammation AE that has an outcome of an inflammatory reaction limited to a previously X-irradiated field when the patient is treated months/years later with certain drugs rectal hemorrhage AE 10038063 10038064 NCIt: C27054 HPO: HP_0002573 rectal haemorrhage AE SIDER: C0267596 SZ, SS, YH CTCAE: E10955 Digestive System AE that results in bleeding in the rectal area red blood cell count decreased AE 10038153 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003644.htm SIDER: C0427457 SZ, SS, YH, EB a red blood cell count abnormal AE that has an outcome of a decrease in red blood cells HPO: HP_0001903 reflux gastritis AE 10057969 SZ, SS, YH a digestive system disorder AE that results in the inflammation of the stomach lining due to reflux WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastritis reflux esophagitis AE 10038263 reflux oesophagitis AE HPO: HP_0100633 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0014869 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/esophagitis a digestive system AE located in the esophagus, can present with heartburn, and nausea, caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease renal failure AE 10038435 renal insufficiency AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/renal+failure SIDER: C0035078 kidney failure AE HPO: HP_0000083 a kidney disorder AE that results in kidneys failing to adequately filter toxins and waste from the blood SZ, SS, YH acute kidney injury AE 10038436 10069339 NCIt:C26808 As shown on the renal.org website (http://www.renal.org/guidelines/modules/acute-kidney-injury), Acute kidney injury (AKI) has now replaced the term acute renal failure. renal failure acute AE CTCAE:E12973 SZ, SS, YH, Izabela Birsanescu, MW SIDER: C0022660 AKI Acute kidney failure occurs when kidneys become unable to filter waste products from blood. HPO: HP_0001919 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-failure/basics/definition/con-20024029 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/acute+renal+failure a kidney disorder AE that results in the rapid loss or decline of kidney function renal impairment AE 10062237 a kidney disorder AE that results in the kidneys failing to adequately filter toxins and waste from the blood HPO: HP_0000082 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263712 SIDER: C0341697 SZ, SS, YH renal tubular atrophy AE 10038536 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nephron SZ, SS, YH kidney disorder AE that results in the renal tubule wasting away and losing strength/functional abilities renal vessel disorder AE 10038553 a kidney disorder AE that results in the renal artery narrowing SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/renal+artery+stenosis respiratory disorder AE 10038683 SZ, SS, YH Respiratory system AE that is characterized by conditions that affect organs and systems that deal with gas exchange HPO: HP_0002086 SIDER: C0035204 WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/respiratory+disorder respiratory acidosis AE 10038695 NCIt:C26872 respiratory failure AE a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of a condition where lungs cannot remove all the carbon dioxide the body produces, makes body fluid too acidic SIDER: C1145670 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001154/ SZ, SS, YH CTCAE:E13545 HPO: HP_0004877 respiratory rate increased AE 10038712 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tachypnea a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of a ventilory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute respiratory tract hemorrhage AE 10038727 respiratory tract haemorrhage AE SZ, SS, YH Respiratory System AE that results in bleeding somewhere in the respiratory system WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8692086 respiratory tract infection AE 10062352 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0035243 an infection AE that has an outcome of infection in the respiratory tract, includes pneumonia as well as lung abscess and acute bronchitis WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/respiratory+tract+infection HPO: HP_0002873 retinal hemorrhage AE 10038867 HPO: HP_0000573 retinal haemorrhage AE SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0035317 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/retinal+hemorrhage an eye disorder AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the eye retinal pigment epithelial tear AE 10062971 Eye Disorder AE that results in a tearing of retinal pigment epithelial tissue SZ, SS, YH retrograde amnesia AE 10038965 HPO: HP_0002354 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/retrograde+amnesia SIDER: C0002624 Amnesia AE that results in the patient forgeting things that happened before the onset of an injury or disease reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome AE 10063761 SZ, SS, YH, MW an encephalopathy AE that is characterized by headache, confusion, seizures and visual loss, tends to resolve over time NCIt:C78598 CTCAE:E12798 rhabdomyolysis AE 10039020 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0035410 a muscle adverse event that results in damaged skeletal muscle tissue breaks down rapidly HPO: HP_0009045 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rhabdomyolysis right ventricular failure AE 10039163 SIDER: C2939447 a right ventricular dysfunction AE that has an outcome of congestive heart failure manifested by distention of the neck veins, enlargement of the liver, and dependent edema WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/right+ventricular+failure SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001708 ruptured ectopic pregnancy AE 10048407 A pregnancy AE that results in the growing pregnancy in a woman's fallopian tube becoming larger than the tube and causing it to rupture WEB: http://www.freemd.com/ruptured-ectopic-pregnancy/overview.htm SZ, SS, YH salivary gland disorder AE 10061935 an abnormal salivary gland physiology AE that results in the salivary glands becoming irritated and/or swollen SIDER: C0036093 HPO: HP_0010286 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/salivaryglanddisorders.html scab AE 10039509 HPO: HP_0007564 SIDER: C0205204 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/scab a skin AE that has an outcome of a hard coating formed during the wound healing reconstruction phase sciatic nerve injury AE 10039670 SZ, SS, YH a nervous system AE that results in the sciatic nerve losing its sensory capabilities WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21995439 scleral hyperemia AE 10052130 SZ, SS, YH an eye disorder AE that is characterized by an excessive accumulation of blood in the eye scleral hyperaemia AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperaemia senile dementia AE 10039966 SZ, SS, YH a dementia AE that results in an elderly patient suffering from dementia sensation of blood flow AE 10039996 a sensory capability AE that results in the patient feeling their blood flow SZ, SS, YH septic shock AE 10040070 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001689/ SIDER: C0036983 SZ, SS, YH a shock AE that has an outcome of life-threatening low blood pressure HPO: HP_0002718 sequestrectomy 10053437 a surgery that leads to the excision of a sequestrum, or a piece of dead bone that has become separated during the process of necrosis WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sequestrectomy SZ, SS, YH shift to the left AE 10056383 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/shift Blood cell lab test abnormal AE showing an increase in the number of immature leukocytes in peripheral blood. (in hematology) a predominance of immature leukocytes noted in a differential white blood cell count. It is usually indicative of an infection or inflammation. The term derives from a graph of blood components in which immature cell frequencies appear on the left side of the graph. shock hemorrhagic AE 10049771 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hemorrhagic+shock shock haemorrhagic AE a physiological shock AE that has an outcome of hypovolemic shock resulting from acute hemorrhage and characterized by hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, and by pale, cold and clammy skin SZ, SS, YH sigmoiditis AE 10052058 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sigmoiditis SZ, SS, YH a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in the sigmoid colon being inflamed sinus disorder AE 10062244 CTCAE:E13560 SZ, SS, YH, MW NCIt:C26843 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/paranasal+sinuses a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of disease in the air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity, above the eyes and behind the ethmoids sinus tachycardia AE 10040752 a tachycardia AE that has an outcome of elevated impulses originating from the sinoatrial node, greater than 100 bpm NCIt: C26889 CTCAE: E10214 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sinus+tachycardia SIDER: C0039239 HPO: HP_0001649 skin chapped AE 10040813 a skin AE that is characterized by sore, cracked, or rough skin, usually on the hands, face and lips. SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://wellbeing.doctissimo.com/wellbeing-a-z/chapped-skin.html skin fissures AE 10040849 SZ, SS, YH a skin AE that results in linear-like cleavages in the skin WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fissure skin hemorrhage AE 10064265 skin haemorrhage AE a skin AE that has an outcome of bleeding at the skin SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003235.htm SIDER: C0852361 HPO: HP_0000967 skin hyperpigmentation AE 10040865 HPO: HP_0010284 SIDER: C0162834 CTCAE:E13718 SZ, SS, YH, MW a skin AE that has an outcome of darkening in an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperpigmentation NCIt:C79731 skin infection AE 10040872 NCIt: C35025 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/skin+infection CTCAE: E11568 a skin AE that has an outcome of infection. Can be bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0001581 SIDER: C0037278 skin laceration AE 10058818 WEB: http://www.mdguidelines.com/lacerations a skin AE that has an outcome of a jagged wound, can be shallow cuts or deep gahes that penetrate through muscle to internal organs and bone SZ, SS, YH skin lesion AE 10040882 HPO: HP_0011355 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Skin+Lesions SIDER: C0037284 a skin AE that has an outcome of a superficial growth or patch of the skin that does not resemble the area surrounding it skin reaction AE 10040914 a skin AE that has an outcome of exposure of skin to nonspecific irritants or from the action of specific allergens SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Skin+Reactions skin toxicity AE 10059516 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dermal+toxicity a skin AE that has an outcome of irritation, sensitization and phototoxicity sleep disorder AE 10040984 SIDER: C0851578 a behavior and neurological AE that results in irregular sleep patterns SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sleep+disorder HPO: HP_0002360 sleep-related eating disorder AE 10067315 an eating disorder AE that is characterized by patient searching for food while asleep WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23205019 SZ, SS, YH small intestinal obstruction AE 10041101 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/intestinal-obstruction/DS00823 HPO: HP_0005214 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of a blockage that keeps substance from passing through the small intestine, may be caused by fibrous bands of tissue in the abdomen, inflamed/infected pouches in the intestine, or hernias and tumors CTCAE: E11021 NCIt: C78615 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0235329 small intestinal resection 10041105 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002943.htm a surgery that is characterized by all of or part of the small intestine needing to be removed SZ, SS, YH small intestinal stenosis AE 10062263 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stenosis SZ, SS, YH a gastrointestinal disorder AE in which the blood vessels in the small intestine narrow NCIt: C78617 CTCAE: E11032 small intestine carcinoma AE 10054184 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/small+intestine+cancer a tumor AE that results in cancer in the small intestine SZ, SS, YH small intestine ulcer AE 10041133 SZ, SS, YH a gastrointestinal disorder AE that results in an ulcer in the patient's small intestine CTCAE: E11038 NCIt: C78619 soft tissue infection AE 10062255 SIDER: C0149778 HPO: HP_0002719 NCIt: C79745 WEB: http://www.reference.md/files/D018/mD018461.html SZ, SS, YH CTCAE: E11579 a connective tissue disorder AE that occurs in the non-skeletal tissue, usually subcutaneous and muscle tissue soft tissue injury AE 10041291 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22964676 a connective tissue disorder AE that results in damage to muscles, ligaments, and tendons throughout the body soft tissue necrosis AE 10065769 a necrosis AE that results in necrosis occurring in soft tissue SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/necrosis somatoform disorder AE 10054153 SZ, SS, YH a behavior and neurological AE that results in the patient hvings a mental disorder with symptoms that may suggest physical illness or injury WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/somatoform+disorder spinal compression fracture AE 10041541 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of vertebra collapse caused by small hairline fractures WEB: http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/guide/spinal-compression-fractures-causes SZ, SS, YH spinal cord compression AE 10041549 SIDER: C0037926 a nervious system AE that has an outcome of spinal cord compressed by bone fragments from a vertebral fracture, a tumor, abscess, ruptured intervertebral disc or other lesion WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/spinal+cord+compression HPO: HP_0002176 SZ, SS, YH spinal cord neoplasm AE 10062261 SZ, SS, YH Tumor AE that results in a tumor in the patient's spinal cord spinal osteoarthritis AE 10041591 HPO: HP_0002758 WEB: http://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/guide/spinal-osteoarthritis-degenerative-arthritis-of-the-spine Spinal osteoarthritis AE is a osteoarthritis AE that has an outcome of degeneration of the protective cartilage that cushions the tops of bones, causes swelling and pain and may cause development of osteophytes. SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0949690 splenomegaly AE 10041660 SIDER: C0038002 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003276.htm an immune system disorder AE that has an outcome of a larger-than-normal spleen, affects blood filtration HPO: HP_0001744 sputum culture positive AE 10051612 SZ, SS, YH, EB a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of bacterial infection in the lungs or breathing passages WEB: http://www.webmd.com/lung/sputum-culture sputum increased AE 10041812 a respiratory system AE that shows increased sputum, which results in mucous material coughed up from the lungs by the patient. WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5539 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0235567 HPO: HP_0002105 squamous cell carcinoma AE 10041823 HPO: HP_0006739 SIDER: C0007137 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001832/ a skin AE that has an outcome of a type of nonmelanoma skin cancer SZ, SS, YH staphylococcal infection AE 10058080 HPO: HP_0007499 SZ, SS, YH a bacterial infection AE that has an outcome of invasion by Staphylococcus, can present with pus, fever, chills and low blood pressure WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/staph_infection/page2.htm SIDER: C0038160 stasis dermatitis AE 10041955 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000834.htm SZ, SS, YH a skin AE that results in the skin in the leg undergoing discoloration due to blood pooling as a result of insufficient venous return stent occlusion AE 10049936 SZ, SS, YH a device occlusion AE that has an outcome of blockage of the stent, or a tube inserted into body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow constriction WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002303.htm stevens-johnson syndrome AE 10042033 HPO: HP_0000951 SIDER: C0038325 SZ, SS, YH, MW a skin adverse event that is characterized by cell death causing the epidermis to separate from the dermis WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001854/ CTCAE:E13736 NCIt:C79484 stress at work AE 10042210 a stress AE that results in patient experiencing stress at work SZ, SS, YH adverse event causality evidence from case report an adverse event causality evidence that comes from a case report. Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 28. YH subarachnoid hemorrhage AE 10042316 subarachnoid haemorrhage AE SIDER: C0038525 a nervous system AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the area between the brain and the thin tissues that cover the brain HPO: HP_0002138 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001720/ SZ, SS, YH subdural hematoma AE 10042361 HPO: HP_0100309 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001732/ a nervous system AE that has an outcome of a collection of blood on the surface of the brain SIDER: C0018946 subdural haematoma AE gastric hemorrhage AE 10017788 10017789 gastric haemorrhage AE YH, SS NCIt: C54582 A gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of the bleeding in the stomach CTCAE: E10706 sudden death AE 10042434 10042435 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sudden+death HPO: HP_0001645 SIDER: C0011071 CTCAE: E11171 a death AE that has an outcome of unexpected death, 1 to 24 hours after the onset of symptoms NCIt: C50911 suicidal ideation AE 10042458 WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Suicidal+ideation Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10193592 SZ, SS, YH, MW a psychiatric disorder AE that results in thoughts about suicide CTCAE:E12964 NCIt:C80102 suicide attempt AE 10042464 HPO: HP_0000708 a psychiatric disorder AE that results in attempted suicide NCIt:C80111 CTCAE:E12969 SZ, SS, YH, MW SIDER: C0038663 superinfection AE 10042566 a viral infection AE that has an outcome of a cell that was previously infected being coinfected with a different strain of the virus SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0005364 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/superinfection SIDER: C0038826 superior sagittal sinus thrombosis AE 10042567 a venous thrombosis AE in which a stroke occurs as a result of thrombosis. uncommon cerebrovascular accident that is frequently associated with diseases that may contribute to the development of thrombosis through hypercoagulability, stasis of the local blood stream, and abnormalities of the vessel wall. SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1455986 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1026412 SSST supraventricular extrasystoles AE 10042602 SIDER: C0033036 an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of premature atrial contractions or beats caused by signals originating from ectopic atrial sites WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0033036/ SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0005115 supraventricular tachycardia AE 10042604 SIDER: C0039240 NCIt: C35061 a tachycardia AE that has an outcome of rapid heart rhythm originating at or above the atrioventricular node HPO: HP_0004765 CTCAE: E10218 WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001235/ Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23233691 SZ, SS, YH suspiciousness AE 10042635 SZ, SS, YH Adverse event that is characterized by the patient becoming increasingly suspicious suture related complication AE 10059059 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17276274 an injury and procedural complication AE that results in a complication resulting from a suture SZ, SS, YH suture rupture AE 10048547 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21266279 a surgery AE that results in a suture being used to hold body tissues together, ruptures tachyarrhythmia AE 10049447 HPO: HP_0001649 an increased heartbeat AE that is characterized by a distburance of the heart rhythm in which heart rate is abnormally increased WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tachyarrhythmia SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0080203 tachycardia paroxysmal AE 10043079 SZ, SS, YH WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11208235 Secondary Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000183.htm a tachycardia AE that results in tachycardia beginings and ending in an acute manner tachypnea AE 10043089 tachypnoea AE SIDER: C0231835 an abnormal repiration AE that shows an outcome of tachypnoea (i.e., abnormally rapid breathing or respiration) HPO: HP_0004346 SZ, SS, YH adverse event causality evidence from case series YH an adverse event causality evidence that comes from the study of a case report series. Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 28. temporal lobe epilepsy AE 10043209 Behavior and neurological AE that results in the patient having recurring seizures WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001714/ SZ, SS, YH graft versus host disease AE 10018651 An immune system disorder AE that is a complication that can occur after a stem or bone marrow transplant in which the newly transplanted donor cells attack the transplant recipient's body WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001309.htm YH, SS GVHD thrombocythemia AE 10015493 a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of too many blood platelets or thrombocytes, can result in headache, lightheadedness, vision changes and limb numbness WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/thrombocythemia/DS01087 thrombocythaemia AE SZ, SS, YH thrombocytopenia AE 10043554 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000586.htm a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of decrease in platelets in the blood HPO: HP_0001873 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0040034 thrombophlebitis AE 10043570 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001108.htm SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0040046 HPO: HP_0004418 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002098/ a phlebitis AE located in the vein, caused by a blood clot thrombotic microangiopathy AE 10043645 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C2717961 HPO: HP_0002597 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22802583 WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18215115 Secondary Source: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra020528 a thrombosis AE that is characterized by a pathological process involving thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and microvascular occlusion thyroid adenoma AE 10043688 HPO: HP_0000854 SZ, SS, YH a tumor AE that results in a benign tumor in the thyroid SIDER: C0151468 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004524/ thyroid mass AE 10058900 a tumor AE that results in the patient hvings a mass growing in their thyroid SZ, SS, YH heart rate irregular AE 10019304 an arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of an irregular rate of the heartbeat SIDER: C0237314 HPO: HP_0011675 YH, SS tobacco withdrawal symptoms AE 10059612 a syndrome AE that results in the patient suffering from withdrawal from not using tobacco SZ, SS, YH tongue ulceration AE 10043991 SZ, SS, YH a tongue AE that has an outcome of open sores or cuts on the tongue HPO: HP_0000155 SIDER: C0235351 WEB: http://www.localhealth.com/article/tongue-ulcers tonsil cancer AE 10044002 Tumor AE that results in cancer in the patient's tonsils SZ, SS, YH tooth abscess AE 10044016 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of an abscess located in the tooth or a bacterial infection in the center of a tooth SIDER: C0518988 SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0000164 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002055/ tooth disorder AE 10044034 SIDER: C0040435 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of disease in the teeth SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/toothdisorders.html HPO: HP_0000164 tooth fracture AE 10062544 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tooth+fracture a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of a break or rupture in a bone SZ, SS, YH tooth loss AE 10044044 HPO: HP_0006349 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23253824 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of one or more teeth coming loose and falling out SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0080233 toothache AE 10044055 odontalgia AE HPO: HP_0000164 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of an aching pain in or around a tooth CTCAE: E11054 SZ, SS, YH WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/toothache Seconday Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22157099 NCIt: C78640 SIDER: C0040460 toxic nodular goitre AE 10044242 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000317.htm a endocrine system AE that has an outcome of an excess production of thryoid hormone, characterized by functionally autonomous nodules hepatic function abnormal AE A liver AE that has an outcome of an abnormal functionality of the liver YH, SS SIDER: C0086565 HPO: HP_0001410 tracheitis AE 10044302 10066798 SZ, SS, YH NCIt: C78647 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001983/ a respiratory system AE that results in the trachea being infected by a bacteria CTCAE: E11599 tracheobronchitis AE 10044314 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tracheobronchitis a respiratory system AE that is characterized by the inflammation of the muscous membranes of the trachea and bronchi SIDER: C0040586 HPO: HP_0002837 SZ, SS, YH trance AE 10044334 SZ, SS, YH a behavior and neurological AEthat results in the patient being in a state of trance WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/trance transaminase level increased AE 10054889 a transaminase level abnormal AE that has an outcome of elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Transaminases hypertrophic cardiomyopathy AE 10020871 HPO: HP_0001639 YH, SS A cardiomyopathy AE that has an outcome of a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick. Often, only one part of the heart is thicker than the other parts. The thickening can make it harder for blood to leave the heart, forcing the heart to work harder to pump blood. It also can make it harder for the heart to relax and fill with blood. HCM SIDER: C0007194 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001243/ transposition of the great vessels AE 10044443 a vascular disorder AE that results in an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the primary blood vessels WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002535/ SZ, SS, YH hyperchloremia AE 10020599 UMLS CUI: C0085679 a blood chloride abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormally high level of chloride in the blood YH, MW tricuspid valve incompetence AE 10044640 a cardiac valve disease AE that is characterized by a tricuspid valve that does not close tightly enough to prevent leakage WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tricuspid+Valve+Insufficiency SZ, SS, YH tri-iodothyronine decreased AE 10044594 SZ, SS, YH, EB a tri-iodothyronine level abnormal AE that results in a decreased level of tri-iodothyronine WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tri-iodothyronine troponin level increased AE 10058267 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007452.htm a troponin level abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased amount of troponin, a protein released when the heart muscle is damaged SZ, SS, YH, EB tuberculosis AE 10044755 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001141/ a bacterial infection AE that is caused by M. tuberculosis. SZ, SS, YH tumour excision 10061392 SZ, SS, YH a surgery that removes a tumour WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tumor+Removal tumor flare AE 10045169 Tumor AE that results in a tumor reoccurring tumour flare AE SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21523725 tumour hemorrhage AE 10049750 tumour haemorrhage AE an hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the tumour SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://calder.med.miami.edu/pointis/tbifam/cause3.html tumor lysis syndrome AE 10045152 10045170 NCIt: C3425 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15384972 CTCAE: E12365 a syndrome AE that has an outcome of a group of metabolic complications that can occur after treatment of cancer tumour lysis syndrome AE SZ, SS, YH tumor marker increased AE 10048621 WEB: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/tumor-markers tumour marker increased AE a cytogenetic investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increase in a substance found in the blood, urine, or body tissues that can be elevated in cancer, among other tissue types SZ, SS, YH, EB tumor necrosis AE 10054094 a necrosis AE that has an outcome of death of tumor tissue, tumor rapidly outgrows its blood supply tumour necrosis AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tumor+necrosis SZ, SS, YH ulcerative keratitis AE 10064996 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ulcerative+keratitis a keratitis AE that has an outcome of disrupted epithelial layer and stroma of the cornea, may become blind SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0007812 corneal ulcer AE SIDER: C0010043 ultrafiltration failure AE 10069568 Homeostasis AE that results in an inability to achieve adequate fluid balance SZ, SS, YH upper airway obstruction AE 10067775 Respiratory system AE that is characterized by the patient having an obstruction in their upper airway SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0740852 HPO: HP_0002781 upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE 10046274 10055356 SIDER: C0041909 HPO: HP_0002239 SZ, SS, YH upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage AE NCIt: C78660 WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastrointestinal+bleeding Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1237869/ CTCAE: E11062 a gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract ureteric obstruction AE 10046406 a urinary system AE that has an outcome of a blockage in the urinary tract, can result in pain, fever, infection, loss of kidney function, sepsis or death if severe SIDER: C0041956 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/ureteral-obstruction/ SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0006000 urethral obstruction AE 10046459 Urinary system AE that results in the urethra becoming obstructed SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0000796 SIDER: C0041972 urethral stenosis AE 10065584 SZ, SS, YH Urinary System AE that results in the urethra becoming narrowed at the external meatus WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/urethral+meatal+stenosis Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22710090 urge incontinence AE 10046494 HPO: HP_0000012 SIDER: C0150045 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002250/ a urinary incontinence AE that results in the patient feeling a sudden urgency or need to urinate. urinary retention AE 10046555 HPO: HP_0000016 Urinary system AE that results in an inability to urinate CTCAE:E13046 SIDER: C0080274 SZ, SS, YH, MW WEB: Primary Source: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/urinary+retention Secondary Source: http://www.medtronic.com/patients/urinary-retention/index.htm NCIt:C50790 urinary tract infection pseudomonal AE 10062279 SZ, SS, YH a urinary tract infection AE that results in the infection of the urinary tract by the Pseudomonas Aeruginosa organism WEB: http://www.jiph.org/article/S1876-0341(09)00058-6/abstract urinary tract infection staphylococcal AE 10062280 a urinary tract infection AE that results in the urinary tract being infected with the staphylococcal bacteria SZ, SS, YH urine amphetamine positive AE 10051400 SZ, SS, YH, EB a toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE that results in a positive result for amphetamines in the urine urine output decreased AE 10059895 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003147.htm NCIt: C80522 a urine abnormality AE that has an outcome of decreased urine output, less than 500 milliliters of urine in 24 hours CTCAE: E12217 SZ, SS, YH urosepsis AE 10048709 a urinary system AE caused by an infection in the urinary tract that has an outcome of accumulation of pus-forming bacteria or toxins in the blood of the urinary tract. SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.primehealthchannel.com/urosepsis-definition-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-and-treatment.html urticaria papular AE 10046750 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/papular+urticaria an urticaria AE that results in the appearance of "wheals" on skin uterine contractions during pregnancy AE 10049975 a uterine AE that results in uterine contractions during pregnancy SZ, SS, YH uterine hemorrhage AE 10046788 10046789 NCIt: C78686 CTCAE: E13237 SZ, SS, YH, MW uterine haemorrhage AE HPO: HP_0000130 a uterine AE that has an outcome of bleeding from the uterus MedDRA: 10046788 is for "uterine haemorrhage"; MedDRA: 10046789 is for "uterine hemorrhage" SIDER: C0042134 uterine hypertonus AE 10046790 HPO: HP_0000130 a uterine AE that results in the patient undergoing a single uterine contraction for over two minutes during pregnancy WEB: Primary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192488 Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192488 SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0269842 vaginal infection AE 10046914 SZ, SS, YH CTCAE: E11624 NCIt: C26911 SIDER: C0404521 HPO: HP_0000142 an infection AE that results in infection of the vagina varices esophageal AE 10056091 a digestive system AE that has an outcome of dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/esophageal-varices/DS00820 HPO: HP_0002040 varices oesophageal AE SIDER: C0014867 SZ, SS, YH vascular dementia AE 10057678 a dementia AE that results in problems with reasoning, judgement, and memory resulting from brain damage from impaired blood flow to the brain SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vascular-dementia/DS00934 vein discoloration AE 10047183 a vascular disorder AE that results in the veins becoming discoloured vein discolouration AE SZ, SS, YH vena cava thrombosis AE 10047193 10047195 WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1933035-overview, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000156.htm vena cava embolism AE a thrombosis AE that has an outcome of a blood clot in the inferior vena cava SZ, SS, YH venous injury AE 10047228 NCIt: C78711 SZ, SS, YH CTCAE: E12051 a vascular disorder AE that results in an injury to the vein(s) venous thrombosis AE 10047249 a thrombosis AE that has an outcome of a blood clot that forms within a vein HPO: HP_0004850 SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000156.htm SIDER: C0042487 ventricular dysfunction AE 10059056 SZ, SS, YH a cardiac ventricular disorder AE that has an outcome of an abnormality in the contraction of the ventricles or the motion of the cells WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ventricular+dysfunction adverse event causality evidence from uncontrolled observational study an adverse event causality evidence that comes from an uncontrolled observational study YH Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 28. vestibular neuronitis AE 10047393 an ear disorder that results in irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the inner ear lybyrinthitis AE SZ, SS, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002049/ vision blurred AE 10005886 10047513 an abnormal vision AE that results in unclear vision blurred vision AE NCIt: C27123 WEB: Primary Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003029.htm Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23111613 HPO: HP_0000622 SIDER: C0344232 CTCAE: E10346 SZ, SS, YH visual acuity reduced AE 10047531 SIDER: C0234632 HPO: HP_0000572 SZ, SS, YH an abnormal vision AE that results in a decrease in clearness of vision WEB: Primary Source: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003396.htm Secondary Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329671 visual brightness AE 10049155 an abnormal vision AE that results in the patient suffering from an enhanced brightness in their vision SZ, SS, YH vitamin d deficiency AE 10047626 HPO: HP_0100513 a gustatory system AE that has an outcome of a shortage of vitamin D which is essential for strong bones WEB: http://www.webmd.com/diet/vitamin-d-deficiency SZ, SS, YH SIDER: C0042870 adverse event causality evidence from controlled observational study YH Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 29. an adverse event causality evidence that comes from controlled observational studies. vitritis AE 10047663 Inflammation AE that is characterized by an inflammatory reaction of the vitreous or hyaloid membrane as a result of disease in adjacent structures WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/vitritis SZ, SS, YH weight increased AE 10047896 10047899 CTCAE: E12224 SZ, SS, YH NCIt: C62754 a physical examination result abnormal AE that shows an increase (gain) in weight of a patient SIDER: C0043094 weight gain AE HPO: HP_0004324 wolff-parkinson-white syndrome AE 10048015 CTCAE: E10244 NCIt: C35132 SZ, SS, YH a conduction system disorder AE that results in an abnormal accessory electrical conduction pathway between the atria and ventricles WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001206/ wound complication AE 10053692 SZ, SS, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound CTCAE: E12057 a wound AE that has an outcome of complication to the wound NCIt: C78719 wound dehiscence AE 10048031 NCIt: C50863 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/wound+dehiscence a wound AE that has an outcome of a wound breaking open along the surgical sutures SZ, SS, YH CTCAE: E12063 wound secretion AE 10048629 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2815962 SZ, SS, YH A wound AE that has an outcome of secretions or pus produced by damaged tissue particles and repairing mechanisms intitiated by the body xanthopsia AE 10048216 SIDER: C0221185 SZ, SS, YH HPO: HP_0000551 an abnormal vision AEthat results in the patient seeing a predominance of yellow in their vision WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/xanthopsia zygomycosis AE 10061418 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001672/ SZ, SS, YH an immune system disorder AE that results in a fungal infection of the sinuses, brain, or lungs that occurs in some people with a weakened immune system ischemic cardiomyopathy AE 10048858 A cardiomyopathy AE that has an outcome of a heart failure with left ventricular dilatation resulting from ischemic heart disease. ischaemic cardiomyopathy AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ischemic+cardiomyopathy YH, SS jaw operation 10059242 YH, SS A surgery that is a procedure performed on the jaw narcolepsy AE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy An adverse event that is a chronic neurological disorder caused by the brain's inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally. YL YL mechanical ventilation 10067221 A medical intervention that is a life-support system designed to replace or support normal ventilatory lung function YH, SS WEB: www.medscape.com/resource/mechanical-ventilation mucosal inflammation AE 10028116 10028130 NCIt: C26887 An inflammation AE that has an outcome of tissue swelling and other inflammatory response in the mouth oral mucositis CTCAE: E10872 YH, SS multi-organ failure AE 10028154 YH, SS A systematic adverse event that has an outcome of failure in mulitple organs CTCAE: E11155 NCIt: C75568 pleomorphic rash AE 多形性皮疹 JX, LW, YH Pleomorphic rash AE is rash AE that is a rash characterized by many-formed. osteoporosis AE 10031282 SIDER: C0029456 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/osteoporosis/DS00128 NCIt:C3298 HPO: HP_0000939 YH, SS, MW A bone disorder AE that has an outcome of the weakening or brittle bone CTCAE:E12508 Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20718793 A groupd of disroders where the genetic susceptibility plays an important role to the seletctive susceptibility to poorly pathogenic mycobacterial species such as bacille Calmette-Guérin and environmental mycobacteria. MSMD YL restrictive cardiomyopathy AE 10038748 CTCAE: E10192 NCIt: C62798 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000189.htm YH, SS infiltrative cardiomyopathy A cardiomyopathy AE that has an outcome of a condition that the heart cannot relax normally during the time between heartbeats when the blood returns from the body (diastole). stem cell transplant 10063581 YH, SS A medical intervention that has an outcome of the transplant of stem cells into the body adverse event causality evidence from controlled clinical trial In a controlled clinical trial, outcomes are compared in subjects who are allocated by the investigator to receive or not receive a medical intervention. an adverse event causality evidence that comes from a controlled clincal trial YH Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 30. stent placement 10048561 YH, SS A medical intervention that has an outcome of an intersion of a tube into the body stress cardiomyopathy AE 10066286 A cardiomyopathy AE that is a temporary heart condition brought on by stressful situations, such as the death of a loved one. People with broken heart syndrome may have sudden chest pain or think they're having a heart attack. These broken heart syndrome symptoms may be brought on by the heart's reaction to a surge of stress hormones. In broken heart syndrome, a part of your heart temporarily enlarges and doesn't pump well, while the remainder of the heart functions normally or with even more forceful contractions. YH, SS takotsubo cardiomyopathy, broken heart syndrome, stress-induced cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning syndrome WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/broken-heart-syndrome/DS01135/METHOD=print tooth extraction 10062132 YH, SS A medical intervention that has an outcome of an extraction of the tooth toxic skin eruption AE 10057970 dermatitis medicamentosa, dermatosis medicamentosa, drug rash YH, SS A skin adverse event that has an outcome of an eruption caused by ingestion, injection, inhalation, or insertion of a drug, often a result of allergic sensitization. Also called dermatitis medicamentosa, dermatosis medicamentosa, drug rash WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+eruption ventricular fibrillation AE 10047290 SIDER: C0042510 NCIt: C50799 YH, SS CTCAE: E10236 VF HPO: HP_0001663 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004467/ An arrythmia AE that has an outcome of a severely abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that can be life-threatening. first degree atrioventricular block AE 10003674 CTCAE: E10098 NCIt: C62015 SS first degree heart block atrioventricular block first degree an atrioventricular block AE that there is some prolongation of AV conduction time (PR interval). The heart's electrical signals are slowed as they move from the atria to the ventricles (the heart's upper and lower chambers, respectively). This results in a longer, flatter line between the P and the R waves on the EKG (electrocardiogram). WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=10751 WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/hb/hb_types.html wound debridement 10048030 YH, SS surgical debridement, enzymatic debridement, autolytic debridement, mechanical debridement A medical intervention that has an outcome of the removal of dead, damaged, dying or infected tissue. The human body is capable of (autolytic) debridement for small wounds, but for large wounds, medical procedures are necessary. WEB: http://surgery.about.com/od/glossaryofsurgicalterms/g/Debridement.htm subacute thyroiditis AE http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/125648-overview A thyroiditis AE that shows a self-limited thyroid condition associated with a triphasic clinical course of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and return to normal thyroid function. silent thyroiditis AE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subacute_lymphocytic_thyroiditis painless thyroiditis AE YL, YH SAT macrophagic myofasciitis AE http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593574 YL MMF YL Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) is a rare inflammatory muscle disorder characterized by a characteristic infiltration of muscle tissue by PAS-positive macrophages, which is caused by pathological persistence of vaccine-derived aluminium hydroxide. The diagnosis can only be established by an open muscle biopsy from the muscle that was used for intramuscular vaccination. disseminated BCG infection AE YL BCG infection following BCG injection. It is often related with the vaccinee's immunodeficiency. YL autism AE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism An adverse event that is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. HPO: HP_0000717 SIDER: C0004352 YL autoimmune encephalitis AE YL Autoimmune Encephalitis may be triggered by infection in which case the term "Post-infectious Encephalitis" is used. ADEM( Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ) is a Post-infectious Encephalitis. The illness usually follows in the wake of a mild viral infection (such as those that cause rashes in childhood) or immunisations. Typically there is a delay of days to two to three weeks between the triggering infection and development of the encephalitis. It has recently been recognised that there are other types of Autoimmune Encephalitis resulting from an attack of the brain by the body's immune system. Some of these types of autoimmune encephalitis are identified by finding a specific antibody in blood. These conditions include Potassium channel complex antibody associated encephalitis, NMDAR and Hashimoto's encephalitis. http://www.encephalitis.info/information/the-illness/types-of-autoimmune-encephalitis/ an adverse event that is a type of encephalitis triggered by vaccination. injection-site redness AE YH an injection-site AE that display an redness in the injection-site injection-site tenderness AE 10043224 a sensory capability AE that shows up skin tenderness and occurs in an injection site of a medical intervention YH arm motion limitation AE YH a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of arm motion limitation injection-site muscular soreness AE 10028332 a sensory capability AE that shows up muscular soreness at the injection site of a medical intervention YH sleepiness AE 10041014 YH a sleep disorder AE that shows up sleepiness (Sluggish from sleep, inactive, quiet). brain AE YH an adverse event that occurs in brain. brain disorder AE mild hypersensitivity AE YH a hypersensitivity AE that is mild. injection-site arm edema AE an injection-site edema AE that occurs in the arm. YH restlessness AE 10038743 a psychiatric disorder AE that shows restlessness NCIt:C74533 YH, MW UMLS_CUI: C0085631 CTCAE:E12960 WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/restlessness induration with tenderness AE a sensory capability AE that results in a sensation of induration with tenderness. YH fussiness AE YH a sensory capability AE that results in a sensation of fussiness decreased sleep AE YH a sleep disorder AE that shows decreased sleep increased sleep AE a sleep disorder AE that shows increased sleep YH joint pain AE YH a pain AE that occurs at a joint tiredness AE 10043890 This term appears to be a synonym to the 'fatigue AE'. Tiredness AE is a sensory capability AE that results in a sensation of tiredness. hypodynamia AE 疲劳/乏力 JX, LW, YH nasal discomfort AE YH nasal discomfort AE is a respiratory system AE that shows a discomfort from the nose HPO: HP_0010640 SIDER: C0858259 adverse event causality P-value an adverse event causal associate score that represents a statatical P-value to address the causal adverse event hypothesis. YH proportional reporting ratio YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11828828 The PRR will typically be calculated using a surveillance database in which reports of adverse events from a variety of drugs are recorded. PRR a data item that represents a statistic to summarize the extent to which a particular adverse event is observed for individuals taking a specific medical intervention (e.g., a drug), compared to the frequency at which the same adverse event occurs for patients taking some other intervention (e.g., other drug or any drug in a specified class of drugs). P-value of adverse event causality Chi-square test an adverse event causality P-value that is calculated out of a specific Chi-square test. YH adverse event filtering cutoff YH a data item that represents a threshold cutoff for filtering out those adverse event case reports that are unlikely important for a specific AE study. This is applied to the analysis of AE case resport data in an AE case reporting system such as FAERS or VAERS. WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23209624 AE prevalence rate AG, YH A data item that is defined as the number of patients realized with an adverse event beginning in an interval or continuing from a previous interval divided by the number of patients taking the same medical intervention within that interval. The prevalence thus indicates the number of events that began and persisted over time. WEB: http://www.crilifetree.com/pdfs/drug-safety/long-term-safety-study-of-morphine-sulfate-and-naltrexone-hydrochloride.pdf nuclear magnetic resonance imaging result abnormal AE 10029816 EB an imaging investigation result abnormal AE that is indicated by an abnormal result of a procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body computerized tomogram with contrast abnormal AE a computerized tomography abnormal AE that is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create pictures of cross-sections of the body using a dye, called oral contrast, that shows up on the CT images to help better define internal organs computerised tomogram with contrast abnormal AE EB computerized tomogram without contrast abnormal AE computerised tomogram without contrast abnormal AE EB a computerized tomography abnormal AE that is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create pictures of cross-sections of the body cardiovascular investigation result abnormal AE 10007512 an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of an investigation involving the cardiovascular system EB, YH second degree atrioventricular block AE 10003677 an atrioventricular block AE that some but not all atrial impulses fail to reach the ventricles, thus some ventricular beats are dropped. Electrical signals between the atria and ventricles are slowed to a large degree. Some signals don't reach the ventricles. On an EKG, the pattern of QRS waves doesn't follow each P wave as it normally would. SS second degree heart block atrioventricular block second degree WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=10751 WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/hb/hb_types.html echocardiogram result abnormal AE 10061593 a cardiac and vascular investigation result abnormal AE that is an abnormal result of a test that uses sound waves to create a moving picture of the heart EB electrolyte lab test abnormal AE 10047843 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal electrolyte value blood phosphorus abnormal AE 10054823 EB an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that shows an abnormal blood phosphorus level blood phosphorus increased 10050196 EB, YH, MW SIDER: C0919625 HPO: HP_0002905 A physical quality that has an increased level of phosphate in the blood complete atrioventricular block AE 10003673 third degree heart block SS an atrioventricular block AE that complete atrioventricular dissociation occurs; atria and ventricles beat independently. None of the electrical signals reach the ventricles. This type also is called complete heart block or complete AV block. When complete heart block occurs, special areas in the ventricles may create electrical signals to cause the ventricles to contract. This natural backup system is slower than the normal heart rate and isn't coordinated with the contraction of the atria. On an EKG, the normal pattern is disrupted. The P waves occur at a faster rate that isn't coordinated with the QRS waves. third degree atrioventricular block CTCAE: E10093 WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=10751 WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/hb/hb_types.html NCIt: C50501 complete heart block atrioventricular block complete blood potassium abnormal AE 10005722 HPO: HP_0011042 SIDER: C0853759 an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of potassium in the blood EB blood potassium increased 10005725 HPO: HP_0002513 SIDER: C0853760 hyperkalemia AE a physical quality where the blood potassium level is increased. EB, YH, MW blood sodium abnormal AE 10005800 an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of sodium in the blood EB blood sodium increased 10005803 HPO: HP_0003228 SIDER: C0595878 A physical quality that has an increased level of sodium in the blood EB, YH, MW blood magnesium abnormal AE 10005652 EB an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of magnesium in the blood blood magnesium increased 10005655 A physical quality that has an increased level of magnesium in the blood EB, YH, MW blood chloride abnormal AE 10005417 an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of chloride in the blood EB blood chloride increased 10005420 A physical quality that has an increased level of chloride in the blood EB blood calcium abnormal AE 10005393 EB an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of calcium in the blood blood calcium increased 10005396 EB, YH, MW A physical quality that has an increased level of calcium in the blood urinary system investigation result abnormal AE 10038362 renal and urinary tract investigation and urinalysis result abnormal AE an investigation result abnormal AE that involves the renal and urinary tract and urinalyses EB, YH renal system investigation result abnormal AE blood creatinine level abnormal AE 10005481 a urinary system investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal level of creatinine in the blood EB blood urea level abnormal AE 10005846 EB a urinary system investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal level of urea in the blood lipid analysis result abnormal AE 10024580 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of a lipid analyses blood cholesterol abnormal AE 10005423 EB a lipid analysis result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal blood cholesterol level blood cholesterol decreased AE 10005424 EB a blood cholesterol abnormal AE that results in a decreased amount of cholesterol in the blood high density lipoprotein abnormal AE 10020051 a lipid analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal amount of high density lipoprotein EB high density lipoprotein increased AE 10020061 EB a high density lipoprotein abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased amount of high density lipoprotein high density lipoprotein decreased AE 10020060 SIDER: C0151691 EB a high density lipoprotein abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased amount of high density lipoprotein HPO: HP_0003233 low density lipoprotein abnormal AE 10024901 a lipid analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal amount of low density lipoprotein EB low density lipoprotein increased AE 10024910 a low density lipoprotein abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased amount of low density lipoprotein EB SIDER: C0549399 HPO: HP_0003141 low density lipoprotein decreased AE 10024909 a low density lipoprotein abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased amount of low density lipoprotein EB blood triglycerides abnormal AE 10005837 a lipid analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal amount of triglycerides in the blood EB blood triglycerides increased AE 10005839 a blood triglycerides abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased amount of triglycerides in the blood EB HPO: HP_0002155 SIDER: C0853692 blood triglycerides decreased AE 10005838 a blood triglycerides abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased amount of triglycerides in the blood EB immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE 10021505 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result for an immunology and allergy investigation Mobitz type I block AE 10027787 10047908 10047909 10050797 Wenckebach's block Mobitz type 1 block type 1 second degree atrioventricular block NCIt: C62017 a second degree atrioventricular block AE that the electrical signals are delayed more and more with each heartbeat, until the heart skips a beat. On the EKG, the delay is shown as a line (called the PR interval) between the P and QRS waves. The line gets longer and longer until the QRS waves don't follow the next P wave. WEB: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hb/types CTCAE: E10146 Wenckebach Phenomenon SS, MW, YH type I second degree atrioventricular block MedDRA: 10050797 is a LLT for type I second degree atrioventricular block MedDRA (LLT): 10047909 exists for Wenckebach phenomeono MedDRA (LLT): 10047908 exists for Wenchebach MedDRA (LLT): 10027787 for Mobit type I Epstein-Barr virus antibody positive AE 10056906 an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by antibodies for epstein barr virus being detected EB microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE 10027529 EB an immunology and allergy investigations result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal microbiology and serology investigation CSF culture positive AE 10011529 a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by a positive CSF culture EB metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE 10027432 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of a metabolic and nutritional investigation glycosylated hemoglobin level abnormal AE 10055587 a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal glycosylated hemoglobin level EB glycosylated hemoglobin level increased AE 10055587 EB a glycosylated hemoglobin level abnormal AE that is charaterized by an increased glycosylated hemoglobin level blood folate level abnormal AE 10005525 a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal blood folate level EB blood folate level increased AE 10005528 EB a blood folate abnormal AE that is charaterized by an increased blood folate level blood glucose level abnormal AE 10005554 EB a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal blood glucose level blood homocysteine level abnormal AE 10049735 a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal blood homocysteine EB blood homocysteine level decreased AE 10049734 EB a blood homocysteine level abnormal AE that is charaterized by a decreased blood homocysteine blood uric acid level abnormal AE 10061727 EB a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal blood uric acid level blood uric acid level decreased AE 10005860 EB a blood uric acid level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood uric acid vitamin B12 level abnormal AE 10062187 EB a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal vitamin B12 level vitamin B12 level increased AE 10047610 a vitamin B12 level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased vitamin B12 level EB vitamin B12 level decreased AE 10047608 a vitamin B12 level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased vitamin B12 level EB brain natriuretic peptide level abnormal AE 10053408 a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that is charaterized by an abnormal brain natriuretic peptide level EB brain natriuretic peptide level increased AE 10053405 a brain natriuretic peptide level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased brain natriuretic peptide level EB brain natriuretic peptide level decreased AE 10053407 a brain natriuretic peptide level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased brain natriuretic peptide level EB blood gas investigation result abnormal AE 10005539 10027432 EB, SJ blood gases abnormal AE may be a result of lung, kidney, or metablolic diseases or the result of abnormal breathing after a head or neck injur WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arterial+blood+gas a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of the oxygen and carbon dioxide content of arterial blood, measured by various methods to assess the adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation and the acid-base status of the body WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003855.htm carbon dioxide abnormal AE 10064156 EB WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003469.htm a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal amount of carbon dioxide in the blood carbon dioxide increased AE 10007225 a carbon dioxide abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased carbon dioxide level in the blood HPO: HP_0005972 EB SIDER: C0860713 blood pH abnormal AE 10005705 a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal acidity or alkalinity of blood WEB: http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10001 EB blood pH increased AE 10005708 a blood pH abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased blood pH EB blood pH decreased AE 10005706 a blood pH abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood pH EB adverse event causality evidence from combined sources an adverse event causality evidence that comes from the combined evidence sources Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 28. YH oxygen saturation abnormal AE 10033317 EB a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal oxygen saturation in the blood oxygen saturation increased AE 10033320 an oxygen saturation abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen EB PCO2 abnormal AE 10058982 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/PCO2 a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal carbon dioxide partial pressure or tension in the blood EB PCO2 increased AE 10034183 a PCO2 abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased carbon dioxide partial pressure or tension in the blood EB PCO2 decreased AE 10034181 EB a pPCO2 abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased carbon dioxide partial pressure or tension in the blood PO2 abnormal AE 10062087 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/PO2 EB a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal oxygen partial pressure in the blood PO2 increased AE 10035769 a PO2 abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased oxygen partial pressure in the blood EB PO2 decreased AE 10035768 EB a PO2 abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased oxygen partial pressure in the blood toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE 10044260 an investigation result abnormal AE that results from an abnormal toxicology screen EB barbiturates positive AE 10063230 EB a toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE that is characterized by positive barbiturates cocaine positive AE 10063230 a toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE that is characterized by positive cocaine EB Mobitz type II block AE 10027786 10050798 type 2 second degree atrioventricular block WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/hb/hb_types.html Mobitz (type) II atrioventricular block AE type II second degree atrioventricular block SS, YH, MW CTCAE: E10140 a second degree atrioventricular block AE that some of the electrical signals don't reach the ventricles. However, the pattern is less regular than it is in Mobitz type I. Some signals move between the atria and ventricles normally, while others are blocked. On an EKG, the QRS wave follows the P wave at a normal speed. Sometimes, though, the QRS wave is missing (when a signal is blocked). Mobitz type 2 block NCIt: C62018 urine cannabinoids increased AE 10062228 a toxicology drug screen result abnormal AE that is characterized by increased urine cannabinoids EB behavioral and neurological test abnormal AE 10029295 an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation EB neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE physical examination result abnormal AE 10062078 10071940 EB an investigation result abnormal AE resulting from an abnormal physical examination finding cytogenetic investigation result abnormal AE 10011822 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of an investigation related to chromosomal abnormalities and pathologic conditions WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Cytogenetic+analysis respiratory and pulmonary investigation result abnormal AE 10038668 an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal respiratory and pulmonary investigation EB endocrine investigation result abnormal AE 10014706 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result of an endocrine investigation adverse event causality evidence from randomized clinical trial YH Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 30. In a controlled clinical trial, outcomes are compared in subjects who are allocated by the investigator to receive or not receive a medical intervention. an adverse event causality evidence that comes from a randomized controlled clincal trial where a medical intervention is conducted in a random fashion blood parathyroid hormone level abnormal AE 10005700 an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blood parathyroid hormone level EB blood parathyroid hormone increased AE 10005703 a blood parathyroid hormone level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased blood parathyroid hormone level EB tri-iodothyronine level abnormal AE 10044592 an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal tri-iodothyronine level EB tri-iodothyronine increased AE 10044596 EB a tri-iodothyronine level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased tri-iodothyronine level protein and chemistry analysis result abnormal AE 10037000 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal protein and chemistry analysis result blood albumin level abnormal AE 10005286 EB a protein and chemistry analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blood albumin level blood albumin level increased AE 10005288 a blood albumin level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased blood albumin level EB c-reactive protein level abnormal AE 10068559 EB a protein and chemistry analysis result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal c-reactive protein level c-reactive protein level decreased AE 10049220 EB a c-reactive protein level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased c-reactive protein level protein total increased AE 10037016 a protein total abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased protein total EB protein total decreased AE 10037014 EB a protein total abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased protein total MUGA scan result abnormal AE 10028146 EB a cardiac and vascular investigation result abnormal AE that involves an abnormal result from a test using a radioactive tracer (called a radionuclide) and a special camera to take pictures of your heart as it pumps blood WEB: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/SymptomsDiagnosisofHeartAttack/Radionuclide-Ventriculography-or-Radionuclide-Angiography-MUGA-Scan_UCM_446354_Article.jsp cardiac stress test result abnormal AE 10055014 EB, YH a cardiac function test abnormal AE that shows an abnormal result on a cardiac stress test. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Stress+Test WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiology_diagnostic_tests_and_procedures enzyme investigation result abnormal AE 10014938 an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of an enzyme investigation EB blood creatine phosphokinase level decreased AE 10067760 EB a blood creatine phosphokinase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood creatine phosphokinase hematology investigation result abnormal AE 10018851 haematology investigation abnormal AE an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of a hematology investigation MedDRA: 10057755 EB red blood cell profile abnormal AE 20000029 EB a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal red blood cell profile white blood cell profile abnormal AE 20000030 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal white blood cell profile EB neutrophil percentage abnormal AE 10058134 EB a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal percentage of neutrophils neutrophil percentage decreased AE 10052223 a neutrophil percentage abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased percentage of neutrophils EB basophil count abnormal AE 10060978 a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal basophil count EB basophil count decreased AE 10004167 a basophil count abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased basophil count EB eosinophil percentage abnormal AE 10058133 EB a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal eosinophil percentage eosinophil percentage decreased AE 10052221 EB an eosinophil percentage abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased eosinophil percentage leukocyte cell number abnormal AE a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal leukocyte cell number EB granulocyte count abnormal AE 10018678 EB a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal granulocyte count granulocyte count increased AE 10018683 a granulocyte count abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased granulocyte count EB lymphocyte count abnormal AE 10025252 EB a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal lymphocyte cell number lymphocyte percentage abnormal AE a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal lymphocyte percentage EB monocyte percentage abnormal AE 10067238 a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal monocyte percentage EB monocyte percentage decreased AE 10052229 EB a monoctyte percentage abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased monocyte percentage blood lactate dehydrogenase level abnormal AE 10005627 EB an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blood lactate dehydrogenase level blood lactate dehydrogenase level decreased AE 10005629 a blood lactate dehydrogenase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood lactate dehydrogenase EB troponin level abnormal AE an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal troponin level EB muscle enzyme level abnormal AE EB an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal muscle enzyme level muscle enzyme level decreased AE 10057952 a muscle enzyme level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased muscle enzyme level EB myoglobin blood abnormal AE EB an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal myoglobin level in the blood myoglobin blood increased AE 10028625 a myoglobin blood abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased myoglobin level in the blood EB myoglobin blood decreased AE 10059940 a myoglobin blood abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased myoglobin level in the blood gastrointestinal investigation result abnormal AE 10017971 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of a gastrointestinal investigation blood amylase level abnormal AE 10054822 EB a gastrointestinal investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blood amylase level blood amylase level decreased AE 10005327 a blood amylase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood amylase level EB lipase level abnormal AE 10054821 EB a gastrointestinal investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal lipase level lipase level increased AE 10024574 a lipase level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased lipase level EB lipase level decreased AE 10024573 EB a lipase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased lipase level liver related investigation result abnormal AE 20000008 EB an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal liver related investigation result transaminase level abnormal AE 10062688 a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal level of transaminases EB transaminase level decreased AE 10054795 EB a transaminase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased level of transaminases aspartate aminotransferase level abnormal AE 10003477 EB a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal aspartate aminotransferase level aspartate aminotransferase level decreased AE 10003479 an aspartate aminotransferase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased aspartate aminotransferase level EB gamma-glutamyltransferase level decreased AE 10017690 a gamma-glutamyltransferase level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased gamma-glutamyltransferase level EB blood bilirubin level decreased AE 10049869 EB a blood bilirubin level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood bilirubin level imaging investigation result abnormal AE 10022893 an investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal result of an imaging investigation EB blood thromboplastin level abnormal AE 10005824 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blood thromboplastin level EB blood thromboplastin level decreased AE 10005826 EB a blood thromboplastin level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blood thromboplastin level coagulation factor v level abnormal AE 10061771 a hematology investigations result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal coagulation factor v level EB coagulation factor v level increased AE 10009756 EB a coagulation factor v level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased coagulation factor v level prothrombin level abnormal AE 10037048 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal prothrombin level EB prothrombin level increased AE 10037051 EB a prothrombin level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased prothrombin level SIDER: C0151872 HPO: HP_0003645 prothrombin time abnormal AE 10037057 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal prothrombin time EB prothrombin time shortened AE 10037070 EB a prothrombin time abnormal AE that is characterized by a shortened prothrombin time full blood count increased AE 10052239 EB a full blood count abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased full blood count red blood cell count abnormal AE 10038151 EB a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal red blood cell count red blood cell count increased AE 10038155 EB a red blood cell count abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased red blood cell count hematocrit abnormal AE 10057763 a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal hematocrit EB hematocrit increased AE 10019424 a hematocrit abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased hematocrit EB hemoglobin level increased AE 10055599 CTCAE: E12171 a hemoglobin level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased hemoglobin level NCIt: C78333 EB mean corpuscular volume abnormal AE 10027009 EB a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal mean corpuscular volume mean corpuscular volume increased AE 10051859 a mean corpuscular volume abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased mean corpuscular volume EB mean corpuscular volume decreased AE 10051858 EB a mean corpuscular volume abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased mean corpuscular volume mean cell hemoglobin level abnormal AE EB a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal mean cell hemoglobin level mean cell hemoglobin level increased AE 10055622 a mean cell hemoglobin level abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased mean cell hemoglobin level EB mean cell hemoglobin level decreased AE 10055621 a mean cell hemoglobin level abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased mean cell hemoglobin level EB mean cell hemoglobin concentration abnormal AE 10067730 EB a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal mean cell hemoglobin concentration mean cell hemoglobin concentration increased AE 10026992 a mean cell hemoglobin concentration abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased mean cell hemoglobin concentration EB mean cell hemoglobin concentration decreased AE 10026991 a mean cell hemoglobin concentration abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased mean cell hemoglobin concentration EB sinoatrial node dysfunction AE SND SS a conduction system disorder that refers to abnormalities in SN impulse formation and propagation and includes sinus bradycardia, sinus pause/arrest, chronotropic incompetence, and sinoatrial exit block. WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/158064-overview sinus node dysfunction coronary disorder AE Even though 'coronary disorder AE' seems to be a more general term of 'coronary artery disorder AE' that should place 'coronary disorder AE' as a parent of 'coronary artery disorder AE', KB's comment from clinical perspective is that these two terms are synonymous in practice, and coronary disorder almost always means coronary artery disorder. If 'coronary disorder AE' gets picked up from reports, it is a generalized term of 'coronary artery disorder AE'; and thereofore, we created a place holder for this term under 'coronary artery disorder AE' SS a coronary artery disorder AE that takes place in or is related to the coronary inside the heart inferior wall myocardial infarction AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/?term=inferior+wall+myocardial+infarction SS myocardial infarction, inferior wall AE a myocardial infarction AE in which the inferior wall of the heart is involved. It is often caused by occlusion of the right coronary artery. anterior wall myocardial infarction AE WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/?term=anterior+wall+myocardial+infarction a myocardial infarction AE in which the anterior wall of the heart is involved. Anterior wall myocardial infarction is often caused by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. It can be categorized as anteroseptal or anterolateral wall myocardial infarction. SS myocardial infarction, anterior wall AE blast cell count abnormal AE EB a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal blast cell count blast cell count decreased AE 10062275 a blast cell count abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased blast cell count EB platelet count abnormal AE 10035526 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal platelet count EB HPO: HP_0011873 SIDER: C0580317 platelet count increased AE 10051608 SZ, SS, YH, EB a platelet count abnormal AE that is characterized by an increased platelet count WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/thrombocytosis eosinophil count abnormal AE 10061125 EB a white blood cell profile abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormal eosinophil count eosinophil count decreased AE 10014943 an eosinophil count abnormal AE that is characterized by a decreased eosinophil count EB systemic hypertension AE WEB: http://www.pted.org/?id=syshypertension1 SS a hypertension AE that is characterized by high blood pressure in the systemic arteries - the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body's tissues (other than the lungs). blood pressure systolic decreased AE 10005758 a hypotension AE that has an outcome of a decrease in the amount of pressure the heart generates when pumping blood through arteries to the rest of the body SIDER: C0277885 HPO: HP_0006673 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/low-blood-pressure/DS00590/DSECTION=causes SS papillary muscle disorder AE 10061330 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/papillary+muscle+dysfunction a cardiac valve disease AE that is characterized by an impaired function of a papillary muscle, usually due to ischemia or infarction, with resulting incompetence of the mitral (rarely tricuspid) valve. SS papillary muscle syndrome papillary muscle dysfunction blood pressure diastolic increased AE 10005739 HPO: HP_0005117 a hypertension AE that has an outcome of an increase in the amount of pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats SIDER: C0277889 SS WEB: http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/diastolic-and-systolic-blood-pressure-know-your-numbers blood pressure systolic increased AE 10005760 SS WEB: http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/diastolic-and-systolic-blood-pressure-know-your-numbers SIDER: C0277884 HPO: HP_0004421 a hypertension AE that has an outcome of an increase in the amount of pressure the heart generates when pumping blood through arteries to the rest of the body right ventricular dysfunction AE 10058597 NCIt: C50733 a cardiac ventricular disorder AE that is a condition in nwhich the right ventricle of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to heart failure or myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular complicationns. WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/?term=right%20ventricular%20dysfunction SS CTCAE: E10196 ventricular extrasystoles AE 10047289 WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ventricular+extrasystole infranodal extrasystoles AE SS an arrhythmia AE that is characterized by a premature contraction of the ventricle HPO: HP_0006696 SIDER: C0151636 cardiac embolism AE SS heart embolism AE an embolism disorder AE that is a result of an obstruction in a cardiac vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matters WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Heart+embolism embolism AE 10014523 SIDER: C0013922 HPO: HP_0001907 SS WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/embolism a vascular disorder AE that is characterized by an obstruction in a blood vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matter that gets stuck while traveling through the bloodstream. 栓塞 retrodictive AE causality retrodictive causality of adverse event YH an adverse event causity that represents a retrodictrive causal relation between an adverse event and a medical intervention. Specifically, it addresses this question: given an individual who has received a medical intervention and developed the adverse event, was the event caused by the medical intervention? Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 20. premature ventricular contractions AE 10036614 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/premature-ventricular-contractions/DS00949 SS PVCs an arrhythmia AE that results in extra, abnormal heartbeats that begin in one of the heart's two lower pumping chambers (ventricles). These extra beats disrupt the regular heart rhythm, sometimes causing the patient to feel a flip-flop or skipped beat in the chest. pulmonary valve incompetence AE 10037448 HPO: HP_0010444 SS a cardiac valve disease AE that is charaterized by the backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle, owing to imperfect functioning of the pulmonary valve WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/pulmonary_valve_incompetence.htm pulmonic incompetence AE SIDER: C0034088 pulmonary valve stenosis AE 10037450 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Pulmonary+Valve+Stenosis pulmonic stenosis AE a cardiac vavle disease AE that is characterized by a congenital heart defect in which blood flow from the heart to the pulmonary artery is blocked SS arteritis AE 10003230 a vasculitis AE that is an inflammation specific to an artery or arteries SS SIDER: C0003860 HPO: HP_0005291 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arteritis severity of adverse event AE severity YH, SS a process quality that represents the level of severity of an adverse event. aneurysm AE 10002329 HPO: HP_0002617 SIDER: C0002940 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001122.htm a vascular disorder AE that results in an abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel SS venous disorder AE SS a vascular disorder that affects the veins or blood circulation of the veins aneurysm ruptured AE 10048380 an aneurysm AE that results in the weakening of the balloon-like bulge that the blood pressure causes the artery wall to leak or burst HPO: HP_0002617 SS SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage AE SIDER: C0162869 ruptured aneurysm AE WEB: http://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PE-AneurRupt.htm#.Uor4tI3QHh0 cardiac aneurysm AE 10007513 heart aneurysm AE SS WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19239694 aneurysm of heart AE an aneurysm AE that refers to an aneurysm involving cardiac tissue. This most often occurs as a ventricular aneurysm following a myocardial infarction aortic aneurysm AE 10002882 SIDER: C0003486 HPO: HP_0004942 an aneurysm AE that occurs in the aorta SS WEB: http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/tc/aortic-aneurysm-overview aortic aneurysm rupture AE 10002886 SS an aneurysm ruptured AE that occurs in the aorta ruptured aortic aneurysm AE SIDER: C0741160 HPO: HP_0002622 aortic dissection AE 10002895 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000181.htm HPO: HP_0004933 SS an aortic disorder AE in which there is a separation of the aorta walls. The small tear can become larger. It can lead to bleeding into and along the wall of the aorta, the major artery carrying blood out of the heart. SIDER: C0340643 ruptured cerebral aneurysm AE 10039330 WEB: http://ether.stanford.edu/library/neuroanesthesia/Journal%20Articles/Ruptured%20cerebral%20aneurysms.pdf SS WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15647574 an aneurysm ruptured AE that occurs in the brain where blood spurts into the subarachnoid space under arterial pressure, continuing until increased local or generalized intracranial pressure stops the bleeding. intracranial aneurysm AE 10022758 cerebral aneurysm AE brain aneurysm AE SS intracerebral aneurysm AE HPO: HP_0004944 SIDER: C0007766 an aneurysm AE that occurs in the brain WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cerebral_aneurysm/detail_cerebral_aneurysms.htm aortic thrombosis AE 10002910 SS a thrombosis AE that is a rare lesion and may be defined as a thrombosis of a vessel without any obvious underlying cause that occurs in the aorta WEB: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/17/5/941.full.pdf carotid artery thrombosis AE 10007688 an arterial thrombosis AE that is characterized by the occurrence of a thrombus in the carotid arteries (two large blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the large, front part of the brain) WEB: http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/carotid-artery-disease-causes-symptoms-tests-and-treatment SS cerebral artery embolism AE 10008088 10014498 10043647 an arterial embolism AE that occurs in the cerebral artery SS thrombotic stroke AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+embolism embolic stroke AE cerebral embolism AE cerebral artery thrombosis AE 10008092 10008132 [SS] Per DRA and KKB's comment, this term may also be characterized as a type of embolism even though labeled thrombosis. an arterial thrombosis AE that occurs in the cerebral artery, also referred to as an embolism AE cerebral thrombosis AE cerebral venous thrombosis AE 10008138 a venous thrombosis AE that is characterized by thrombosis of the venous channels in the brain. It is an uncommon cause of cerebral infarction relative to arterial disease, but it is an important consideration because of its potential morbidity. SS WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1162804-overview [SS] From http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cerebral+venous+thrombosis, Merwarth syndrome - progressive hemiplegia due to venous occlusion. Synonym(s): cerebral venous thrombosis intracranial venous sinus thrombosis AE 10061251 SS WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis_134,69/ CVST a venous thrombosis AE that occurs when a blood clot forms in the brain’s venous sinuses that prevents blood from draining out of the brain. As a result, blood cells may break and leak blood into the brain tissues, forming a hemorrhage. gas embolilsm AE SS [SS] The term 'gas embolism' is listed as a unique term, and not a superset or a synonym of 'air embolism' due to the different pathology reconized by physicians that air embolism is mostly recognized when an air bubble caused by IV or other injection device enters the vein, while a gas embolism is mostly caused by a gas bubble released as a product of an infection, or other devices such as nitrogen tank. an embolism AE that is caused by a gas bubble that enters the vein mesenteric vein thrombosis AE 10027402 a thrombosis that is characterized by a clot that blocks blood flow a mesenteric vein, one of two veins through which blood leaves the intestine. The condition interrupts the blood supply to the intestine and can result in damage to the intestines. SS [SS] http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/193921-overview, Mesenteric venous thrombosis (also known as visceral venous thrombosis) is a rare but lethal form of mesenteric ischemia (see the image below). Antonio Hodgson first described mesenteric ischemia in the latter part of the 15th century. In 1895, Elliot first described mesenteric venous thrombosis as a cause of mesenteric ischemia. By the turn of the 19th century, many review articles and texts were describing the recent advances in the characterization and treatment of mesenteric ischemia, particularly venous thrombosis. In 1935, Warren and Eberhard reported that intestinal infarction resulted from ischemia due to venous thrombosis, and they reported a mortality rate of 34% in patients with venous thrombosis after resection. Unfortunately, despite improvements in therapy, this mortality rate still holds. visceral venous thrombosis AE WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001157.htm mesenteric venous thrombosis AE Budd-Chiari syndrome AE 10006537 a thrombosis AE that is an uncommon condition induced by thrombotic or nonthrombotic obstruction of hepatic venous outflow and characterized by hepatomegaly, ascites, and abdominal pain. WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/184430-overview SS retinal vein thrombosis AE 10038908 a thrombosis AE that occurs in the vein carrying the blood away from the retina [SS] The term 'retinal vein thrombosis' is listed as a different class from 'retinal vein occlusion' for the difference in the pathological process of how the blockage occurs in the vein. SS predictive AE causality Stratton KR, Howe CJ, Johnson RB. 1994. Adverse events associated with childhood vaccines: Evidence bearing on causality. National Academy Press. Washing, D.C. Page 20. predictive causality of adverse event an adverse event causity that represents a predictive causal relation between an adverse event and a medical intervention. Specifically, it addresses this question: will the next person who received a medical intervention will develop the adverse event? Or: how frequently will vaccine recipients experience the adverse event as a result of a medical intervention? YH arterial embolism AE 10014513 SS embolism arterial AE an embolism AE that occurs in the artery. It is a sudden interruption of blood flow to an organ or body part due to a clot (embolus). WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001102.htm venous embolism AE 10014522 venous thromboembolism AE [SS] Per DRA and KKB's comment, this term is synonymous to venous thrombosis even though labeled embolism. Cross-reference is made via seeAlso. a thrombosis AE* that is a result of when a blood vessel is obstructed by a blood clot (embolus) that has been carried in the bloodstream from the site of its formation. Thromboembolic disease includes both venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thrombosis. VTE is an general term which refers to mainly two conditions: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its potentially fatal acute complication, pulmonary embolism (PE). Arterial embolism is a frequent complication in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and can lead to stroke or systemic embolism. * see editor note VTE embolism venous AE OAE: 0001505 SS WEB: http://www.boehringer-ingelheim.com/products/prescription_medicines/thromboembolic_diseases.html fat embolism AE 10016246 SS WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/460524-overview#showall an embolism AE that is characterized by the obstruction of blood vessel by fat droplets septic embolus AE 10040067 a embolism AE that is infected with bacteria containing pus SS septic embolism AE WEB: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153704.php thrombosis in device AE 10062546 SS a thrombosis AE that occurs in or may be caused by an implanted device in the body obsolete: thrombotic microangiopathy AE 10043645 SS TMA WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22802583 This term is obsolete since there is another term with the same name already. Oliver a thrombosis AE that is characterized by a pathological process involving thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and microvascular occlusion arterial thrombosis limb AE 10003180 an arterial thrombosis AE that occurs in the limb(s) of the body SS eye inflammation AE an inflammation AE that occurs in eye. YH, JX injection site thrombosis AE 10022104 SS pelvic venous thrombosis AE 10034272 SS ovarian vein thrombosis AE WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/404364-overview a deep vein thrombosis AE that occurs in the pelvis. Ovarian vein thrombosis arises out of the coincident conditions of venous stasis and hypercoagulability, which are commonly present in the recently postpartum patient. peripheral embolism AE 10061340 PE an embolism AE that is charaterized by a sudden blockage in a lung artery. The blockage usually is caused by a blood clot that travels to the lung from a vein in the leg. SS WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pe/ subclavian vein thrombosis AE 10049446 SS a thrombosis AE that occurs in subclavian vein. Among patients with effort-induced thrombosis with subclavian vein stenosis, the thrombosis occurs in the dominant arm in 80% of cases. WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424777-overview#showall superficial thrombophlebitis AE WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000199.htm NCIt: C78634 CTCAE: E13817 YH: MedDRA: 10043595 is for "thrombophlebitis superficial"; MedDRA: 10042554 is for "superficial thrombophlebitis" SS, YH, MW a thrombophlebitis AE that is characterized by an inflammation of a vein due to a blood clot in a vein located just below the skin's surface. 表在性血栓性静脈炎 UMLS CUI: C1510431 thrombophlebitis superficial AE venous thrombosis limb AE 10061408 SS retinal vein occlusion AE 10038907 RVO SS a thrombosis that is characterized by a blockage of the small veins that carry blood away from the retina. The retina is the layer of tissue at the back of the inner eye that converts light images to nerve signals and sends them to the brain. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007330.htm atrial thrombosis AE 10048632 WEB: http://ehjcimaging.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/1/204.full SS a thrombosis AE that occurs in the atrium (left or right) coronary artery embolism AE 10011084 10011091 an arterial embolism AE that occurs in the coronary artery coronary artery thrombosis AE coronary embolism AE WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Coronary+embolism SS sleep apnea AE 10040975 CTCAE: E13566 MW, YH NCIt: C26884 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/basics/definition/con-20020286 a sleep apnea AE is a sleep disorder AE in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. Basically, it is a crossproduct of sleep disorder AE and apnea AE. stroke AE 10042244 WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/ cardiovascular accident AE CTCAE: E12826 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke JX, LW, YH 中风 a brain AE that occurs when flow of oxygen-rich blood to a portion of the brain is blocked NCIt: C3390 ischemic stroke AE 10061256 WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/types_of_stroke_85,P00813/ ischaemic stroke AE a stroke AE that occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain becomes blocked or "clogged" and impairs blood flow to part of the brain. SS hemorrhagic stroke AE 10019016 a stroke AE that occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain ruptures and bleeds causing the deficiency of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells and tissues SS haemorrhagic stroke AE WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/types_of_stroke_85,P00813/ intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke AE WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/types_of_stroke_85,P00813/ intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke AE SS a haemorrhagic stroke AE that is cuased by hypertension (high blood pressure), and bleeding occurs suddenly and rapidly. subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke AE a haemorrhagic stroke AE that is cuased by the bleeding (haemorrhage) between the brain and the meninges (the membrane that covers the brain) in the subarachnoid space. subarachnoid haemorrhagic stroke AE SS WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/types_of_stroke_85,P00813/ thrombotic stroke AE 10043647 WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/types_of_stroke_85,P00813/ an ischaemic stroke AE that is caused by a thrombus (blood clot) that develops in the arteries supplying blood to the brain SS embolic stroke AE 10014498 SS an ischaemic stroke AE that is caused by an embolus (a blood clot that formms elsewhere in the body and travels through the bloodstream to the brain). WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/types_of_stroke_85,P00813/ psychiatric disorder AE 10037175 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of a mental illness or psychiatiric disorder. The mental illness is a mental or behavioral pattern or anomaly that causes either suffering or an impaired ability to function in ordinary life (disability), and which is not developmentally or socially normative. YH, Izabela Birsanescu mental disorder AE adjustment disorder AE 10001301 10001302 WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/adjustment-disorder a psychiatric disorder AE that has an outcome of a adjustment disorder. An adjustment disorder is an unexpectedly strong emotional or behavioral reaction that occurs in response to an identifiable stressful life event or life change that occurred within the previous three months. Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu adjustment disorder with depressed mood AE 10001297 Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu WEB: http://www.summitmedicalgroup.com/library/adult_health/bha_adjustment_disorder_with_depressed_mood/ an adjustment disorder AE that has an additional depressed mood. The person is more depressed than would be expected after a stressful event. anastomotic bleeding AE 10071781 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding from anastomosis site. Anastomosis: pathological formation of an opening between two normally distinct spaces or organs. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anastomosis Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu Clostridium difficile infection AE 10054236 Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/basics/definition/CON-20029664?p=1 a clostridial infection AE that is caused by C. difficule. Gram-negative bacteremia AE 10054228 a bacteraemia AE that is more specifically associated with a Gram-negative bacterium. Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu drug level increase a physical quality that a drug level inside a host increases Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu drug toxicity WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/drug+toxicity Yognqun He, Izabela Birsanescu a quality that represents the level of critical or lethal reaction to an erroneous dosage of a drug medication. Drug toxicity may occur due to human error or intentional overdose in the case of suicide or homicide. Intraoperative hemorrhage AE 10055298 CTCAE: E11810 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of massive amounts of blood loss. A typical Intraoperative hemorrhage has a blood loss exceeding 1000 mL or requires a blood transfusion NCIt: C35135 WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-hemorrhage-in-gynecologic-surgery Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu pancreatic abscess AE 10048984 Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000270.htm an abscess AE that shows a cavity of pus within the pancreas pancreas transplant rejection AE 10049169 a sugery AE that has an adverse outcome where the recipient’s body rejects the pancreas transplantation. WEB: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/436542_13 Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu pyogenic infection AE 10021861 Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=44396 an infection AE that has an outcome of a severe local inflammation, usually with pus formation, generally caused by one of the pyogenic bacteria. fever of unknown origin AE 10016563 WEB: http://medicine.academic.ru/123590/fever_of_unknown_origin Yongqun He, Izabela Birsanescu a fever AE that has unknown origin. time interval for initial process after medical intervention a temporal interval that starts at the time a medical intervention occurs and ends at the time when the initial bodily process occurs. Yongqun He time interval for intermediate causal AE process Yongqun He a temporal interval that starts at the time in the end of the initial process and ends at the time when the final process leading to an adverse event clinical outcome occurs. time interval for AE process showing clinical outcome a temporal interval that covers the time period of the final process leading to the display of clinical outcome. Yongqun He initial stage causal AE sub-process Yongqun He a pathological bodily process that starts to occur after a medical intervention. intermediate stage causal AE sub-process a pathological bodily process that occurs in the middle of the causal adverse event process, i.e., after the initial causal AE process and before the last AE process that results in the adverse outcome. Yongqun He late stage AE formation sub-process a pathological bodily process that occurs in the last stage of adverse event and results in the adverse clinical outcome. This clinical outcome may come as a result of causal adverse event (caused by the medical intervention), or result from an unrelevant cause (i.e., not the designated medical intervention). Yongqun He AE process showing pathological clinical outcome adverse event time period a temporal interval that starts at the time a medical intervention occurs and ends at the time an adverse event ends. The adverse event ends when the patient recovers from the adverse event or dies due to the severity of the adverse event. Yongqun He patient an organism that has the role of 'patient role'. Yongqun He time interval for causal AE Yongqun He an adverse event tme period whent the adverse event is causal adverse event. causality based on Naranjo ADR probability scale WEB: http://livertox.nih.gov/Narajo.html a causality of AE based on the Naranjo ADR probability scale method. Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM et al. (1981). "A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 30 (2): 239–45. doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.154. PMID 7249508. Yongqun He SCORING: ≥9 = definite; 5–8 = probable; 1–4 = possible; ≤0 = doubtful Definite Naranjo ADR probability Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM et al. (1981). "A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 30 (2): 239–45. doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.154. PMID 7249508. a Naranjo ADR probability scale that shows definite causality result. It happens when the score is >=9. Yongqun He SCORING: ≥9 = definite; 5–8 = probable; 1–4 = possible; ≤0 = doubtful WEB: http://livertox.nih.gov/Narajo.html Probably Naranjo ADR probability WEB: http://livertox.nih.gov/Narajo.html a Naranjo ADR probability scale that shows probable causality result. It happens when the score is 5-8. Yongqun He Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM et al. (1981). "A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 30 (2): 239–45. doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.154. PMID 7249508. SCORING: ≥9 = definite; 5–8 = probable; 1–4 = possible; ≤0 = doubtful Possible Naranjo ADR probability Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM et al. (1981). "A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 30 (2): 239–45. doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.154. PMID 7249508. Yongqun He a Naranjo ADR probability scale that shows possible causality result. It happens when the score is 1-4. SCORING: ≥9 = definite; 5–8 = probable; 1–4 = possible; ≤0 = doubtful WEB: http://livertox.nih.gov/Narajo.html Doubtful Naranjo ADR probability WEB: http://livertox.nih.gov/Narajo.html Yongqun He Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM et al. (1981). "A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 30 (2): 239–45. doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.154. PMID 7249508. a Naranjo ADR probability scale that shows doubtful causality result. It happens when the score is <=0. SCORING: ≥9 = definite; 5–8 = probable; 1–4 = possible; ≤0 = doubtful AE causality based on CDISC system Burnstead B, Furlan G. Unifying drug safety and clinical databases. Curr Drug Saf. 2013 Feb;8(1):56-62. PMID: 23656448. WEB: http://www.cdisc.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/0/3fa5f30f40ce5ecc7b3f91e558b55f73/misc/study_data_tabulation_model_v1_4.pdf Yongqun He a causality of AE that is based on the Clinical Data Interchange Consortium (CDISC) system causality based on the Clinical Data Interchange Consortium (CDISC) system Not Related AE causality based on CDISC system Burnstead B, Furlan G. Unifying drug safety and clinical databases. Curr Drug Saf. 2013 Feb;8(1):56-62. PMID: 23656448. an AE causality based on CDISC system that has the scale "Not Related". WEB: http://www.cdisc.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/0/3fa5f30f40ce5ecc7b3f91e558b55f73/misc/study_data_tabulation_model_v1_4.pdf Yongqun He Possibly Related AE causality based on CDISC system Burnstead B, Furlan G. Unifying drug safety and clinical databases. Curr Drug Saf. 2013 Feb;8(1):56-62. PMID: 23656448. WEB: http://www.cdisc.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/0/3fa5f30f40ce5ecc7b3f91e558b55f73/misc/study_data_tabulation_model_v1_4.pdf an AE causality based on CDISC system that has the scale "Possibly Related". Yongqun He Unlikely Related AE causality based on CDISC system Yongqun He Burnstead B, Furlan G. Unifying drug safety and clinical databases. Curr Drug Saf. 2013 Feb;8(1):56-62. PMID: 23656448. an AE causality based on CDISC system that has the scale "Unlikely Related". WEB: http://www.cdisc.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/0/3fa5f30f40ce5ecc7b3f91e558b55f73/misc/study_data_tabulation_model_v1_4.pdf Definitely Related AE causality based on CDISC system WEB: http://www.cdisc.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/0/5aee16f59e8d6bd2083dbb5c1639f224/misc/adam_ae_final_v1.pdf an AE causality based on CDISC system that has the scale "Definitely Related". Yongqun He Burnstead B, Furlan G. Unifying drug safety and clinical databases. Curr Drug Saf. 2013 Feb;8(1):56-62. PMID: 23656448. Probably Related AE causality based on CDISC system an AE causality based on CDISC system that has the scale "Probably Related". Yongqun He WEB: http://www.cdisc.org/stuff/contentmgr/files/0/5aee16f59e8d6bd2083dbb5c1639f224/misc/adam_ae_final_v1.pdf Burnstead B, Furlan G. Unifying drug safety and clinical databases. Curr Drug Saf. 2013 Feb;8(1):56-62. PMID: 23656448. causality based on DIPS score Score: Highly Probable: >8 Probable: 5–8 Possible: 2–4 Doubtful: <2 Horn JR, Hansten PD, Chan LN. Proposal for a new tool to evaluate drug interaction cases. Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Apr;41(4):674-80. PMID: 17389673. Yongqun He an AE causality that is based on the Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS). Highly Probable causality based on DIPS score Horn JR, Hansten PD, Chan LN. Proposal for a new tool to evaluate drug interaction cases. Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Apr;41(4):674-80. PMID: 17389673. Yongqun He a causality based on DIPS score that is "Highly Probable". It occurs when the sore is >8. Score: Highly Probable: >8 Probable: 5–8 Possible: 2–4 Doubtful: <2 Probable causality based on DIPS score Score: Highly Probable: >8 Probable: 5–8 Possible: 2–4 Doubtful: <2 Horn JR, Hansten PD, Chan LN. Proposal for a new tool to evaluate drug interaction cases. Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Apr;41(4):674-80. PMID: 17389673. Yongqun He a causality based on DIPS score that is "Probable". It occurs when the sore is 5-8. Possible causality based on DIPS score Score: Highly Probable: >8 Probable: 5–8 Possible: 2–4 Doubtful: <2 a causality based on DIPS score that is "Possible". It occurs when the sore is 2-4. Horn JR, Hansten PD, Chan LN. Proposal for a new tool to evaluate drug interaction cases. Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Apr;41(4):674-80. PMID: 17389673. Yongqun He Doubtful causality based on DIPS score a causality based on DIPS score that is "Doubtful". It occurs when the sore is <2. Horn JR, Hansten PD, Chan LN. Proposal for a new tool to evaluate drug interaction cases. Ann Pharmacother. 2007 Apr;41(4):674-80. PMID: 17389673. Score: Highly Probable: >8 Probable: 5–8 Possible: 2–4 Doubtful: <2 Yongqun He AE severity G0 YH, SS a severity of AE that shows sign and symptom within normal limits. AE severity Grade 0 CTCAE4: E10004 (Grade 0 Adverse Event) Note the AE severity Grade 0 equals to CTCAE G0 AE severity. Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_0_Adverse_Event AE severity G1 AE severity Grade 1 CTCAE4: E10005 (Grade 1 Adverse Event) YH, SS a severity of AE that shows asymptomatic, or involves mild or minor symptoms, or is of marginal clinical relevance, or consists of clinical or diagnostic observations alone, or where intervention is not indicated, or where only non-prescription intervention is indicated. Note the AE severity Grade 1 equals to CTCAE G1 AE severity. Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_1_Adverse_Event AE severity G2 a severity of AE for which only minimal, local, or noninvasive intervention (e.g. packing, cautery) is indicated, or that limits instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs, e.g., shopping, laundry, transportation, or ability to conduct finances). Note the AE severity Grade 2 equals to CTCAE G2 AE severity. Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_2_Adverse_Event YH, SS CTCAE4: E10006 (Grade 2 Adverse Event) AE severity Grade 2 AE severity G3 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_3_Adverse_Event AE severity Grade 3 YH, SS CTCAE4: E10007 (Grade 3 Adverse Event) Note the AE severity Grade 3 equals to CTCAE G3 AE severity. a severity of AE that shows an outcome which is medically significant but not life-threatening; or for which inpatient care or prolongation of hospitalization are indicated; or that is an important medical event that does not result in hospitalization, but may jeopardize the patient or may require intervention either to prevent hospitalization, to prevent the AE from becoming life-threatening or causing death; or that is disabling; or that results in persistent or significant disability, incapacity, or limitation of self care activities of daily living (ADLs, getting in and out of bed, dressing, eating, getting around inside, bathing, or using the toilet). AE severity G4 AE severity Grade 4 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_4_Adverse_Event a severity of AE that has life-threatening consequences, for which urgent intervention is indicated, that puts the patient is at risk of death at the time of the event if immediate intervention is not undertaken, or that causes blindness or deafness (need to decide if unilateral or bilateral). Note the AE severity Grade 4 equals to CTCAE G4 AE severity. CTCAE4: E10008 (Grade 4 Adverse Event) YH, SS AE severity G5 Note the AE severity Grade 5 equals to CTCAE G5 AE severity. YH, SS AE severity Grade 5 Web: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/ctcae.owl#Grade_5_Adverse_Event CTCAE4: E10009 (Grade 5 Adverse Event) a severity of AE that results in death. hyperphosphatemia AE 10020712 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperphosphatemia HPO: HP_0002905 a blood phosphate abnormal AE that has an abnormally increased amount of phosphate in the blood EB, YH, MW X-ray clinical test a clincal laboratory test that performs a medical examination using X-ray, a type of electromagnetic radiation. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003337.htm Rebecca Racz, Yongqun He cardio-respiratory distress AE 10049874 WEB: http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/lung_diseases/about/signs/Pages/index.aspx, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cardiorespiratory a respiratory distress AE that has an outcome of insufficient oxygen flow in the heart and respiratory system. SS, YH joint effusion AE 10023215 CTCAE:E12431 RR, YH, MW A joint disorder AE that has the presence of increased intra-articular fluid. It can be caused by trauma, arthritis, or gout and often affects the knee. PMID: 19915432 NCIt:C49052 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_effusion gastric disorder AE 10056819 stomach disorder AE a gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows a problem with the stomach, ranging from indigestion and heartburn to peptic ulcers and GERD. RR, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/stomachdisorders.html fluid replacement 10061858 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dehydration/basics/treatment/con-20030056 fluid resuscitation A medical intervention that involves the replacement of bodily fluids excessively lost. Fluids may be replaced orally or intravenously. RR, YH thyroiditis AE http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/thyroiditis An inflammation AE that displays an inflammation (not an infection) of the thyroid gland. yongqun he, liwei wang glucosuria AE web: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glycosuria LW, YH a urinary system AE that has an outcome of the excretion of glucose into the urine. granuloma AE 10018691 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/granuloma/expert-answers/faq-20057838 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3629 KM, JX, YH an inflammation AE that shows localized nodular inflammation found in tissues. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granuloma skin burning sensation AE 10054786 KM, JX, YH a burning sensation AE that occurs at the skin. numbness AE 10029829 YH, JS a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of numbness, a loss of sensation of feeling in a part of the body. WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/numbness/basics/definition/sym-20050938 interstitial pneumonia AE 10022617 a pneumonia AE that occurs at the interstitial lung. Interstitial pneumonia is often caused by an infection of bacteria, viruses, or fungii. A bacterium called Mycoplasma pneumonia is the most common cause. WEB: http://www.webmd.com/lung/interstitial-lung-disease JX, YH circumoral numbness AE 10049339 a numbness AE that occurs around the mouth. YH, JS WEB: http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F3-540-29623-9_6515 The terms 'circumoral numbness AE' and 'circumoral paresthesia AE' appear to be synonyms. skin necrosis AE 10040893 JX, LW, YH UMLS ID: C0151799 皮肤坏死 Skin necrosis AE is a necrosis AE that results in the death of the skin tissue. Skin necrosis often occurs when not enough blood and oxygen are supplied to a given skin region. systemic lupus erythematosus AE SLE 系统性红斑狼疮 系统性红斑狼疮综合征 systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome AE JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/systemic-lupus-erythematosus#Overview1 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) syndrome AE is a lupus syndrome AE that is systemic and disseminated. SLE most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system. Although “lupus” actually includes a number of different diseases, SLE is the most common type of lupus, and when people say “lupus,” they are often referring to SLE. urgent urination AE 10046593 urinary urgency UMLS CUI: C0439609 NCIt: C50792 CTCAE: E13062 Urgent urination AE is a urinary system AE that has an outcome of a sudden, compelling urge to urinate, along with discomfort in the bladder. WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0085606/ WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003140.htm JX, LW, YH 尿急 micturition urgency precordialgia AE Precordialgia AE is a pain AE that pain located in the precordial region. WEB: http://www.drugs.com/dict/precordialgia.html JX, LW, YH 心前痛 dyshidrosis AE 10013912 Dyshidrosis AE is a skin AE that shows a disorder of eccrine sweat glands, characterized by small blisters on the hands or feet. 汗疱疹 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyshidrosis ankle swelling AE 10002554 踝部水肿 UMLS ID: C0235439 Ankle swelling AE is an edema AE that shows abnormal buildup of fluid in the ankles. Ankle swelling is a sign of fluid buildup or inflammation of the joint and tissues of the ankle. Mild ankle swelling is a common occurrence after standing for a long period. WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/ankle-swelling JX, LW, YH renal dysfunction AE hepatic and renal function disorder AE 肾功能障碍 JX, LW, YH Renal dysfunction AE is a kidney AE that has an outcome of reduced capacity to excrete metabolic products which accumulate systemically and are detectable clinicopathologically by renal function tests. The early stage of uremia. This term appears to be a synonym to the 'renal failure AE'. UMLS ID: C0859242 epiphora AE 10015068 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphora_(medicine) Epiphora AE is a eye AE that shows an overflow of tears onto the face. In this case, there is insufficient tear film drainage from the eyes, and the tears will drain down the face rather than through the nasolacrimal system. UMLS ID: C0152227 泪溢 JX, LW, YH hemolytic anemia AE 10019493 JX, LW, YH 溶血性贫血 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolytic_anemia Hemolytic anemia AE is an anemia AE associated with hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular). Such an AE can be relatively harmless or life-threatening. somniloquy AE JX, LW, YH 梦呓 a behavioral and neurological AE where somniloquy also is called sleep-talking, a parasomnia that refers to talking aloud while asleep. Somniloquy can be quite loud, ranging from simple mumbling sounds to loud shouts and long frequently inarticulate speeches, and can occur many times during a sleep cycle. As with sleepwalking and night terrors, sleeptalking usually occurs during the less-deep delta-wave NREM sleep stages or during temporary arousals therefrom. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somniloquy cholelithiasis AE 10008629 UMLS ID: C1328486 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallstone Cholelithiasis AE is a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that shows hard deposits forming inside the gallbladder. Gallstones may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. JX, LW, YH blepharoptosis AE 10005157 JX, LW, YH 眼睑下垂 WEB: http://eyewiki.aao.org/Blepharoptosis Blepharoptosis AE is an eye AE that shows droopy upper eyelid or ptosis that presents with substantial blockage upper part of field of vision, risk of amblyopia among young children, and dramatic change in the facial appearance. AE associated dose range AG, YH A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to, at which point AE symptoms begin to arise. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses. OBI AE recovery NCI Thesaurus AG, YH A healing process that leads to an outcome with improved relative health from an adverse event AE recovery rate an AE recovery rate that represents a rate of adverse event recovery AG, YH chemotherapy drug AE recovery An AE recovery that is sepcifically for recovery from a chemotherapy drug adverse event. AG, YH complete AE recovery AG, YH extent of AE recovery an information content entity that represents an extent of recovery from an adverse event AG, YH incomplete AE recovery AG, YH an extent of AE recovery that has an outcome of incomplete recovery grand mal AE 10018658 an epileptic seizure AE that is characterized by tonic-clonic seizures, involving two phases -- the tonic phase in which the body becomes rigid, and clonic phase in which there is uncontrolled jerking. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=32957 癫痫大发作 erythema simplex AE 单纯性红斑 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/erythema+simplex Erythema simplex AE is an erythema AE that accompany with blushing or redness of the skin caused by a toxic reaction or a neurovascular phenomenon. pelvic pain AE 10034263 Pelvic pain AE is a pain AE that occurs in the lower abdomen area. The pain might be steady, or it might come and go. If the pain is severe, it might get in the way of people's daily activities. 骨盆痛 JX, LW, YH, MW CTCAE:E13167 NCIt:C40122 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/pelvicpain.html extrasystoles AE 10015856 早搏（额外收缩） JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=32159 Extrasystoles AE is an arrhythmia AE that shows a premature contraction of the heart that is independent of the normal rhythm of the heart and arises in response to an impulse in some part of the heart other than the normal impulse from the sinoatrial node. The extrasystole is followed by a pause, as the heart electrical system "resets" itself and the contraction following the pause is usually more forceful than normal. increased upper airway secretion AE 10062717 An increased upper airway secretion AE is a respiratory system AE characterized by an increased secretion at the upper airway location. RR, YH feeling of body temperature change AE 10061458 RR, YH Feeling of body temperature change AE is a feeling abnormal AE that a patient feels a change in body temperature. heartburn AE 10019326 Heartburn AE is a gastric disorder AE that also known as pyrosis, cardialgia, or acid indigestion. It's a burning sensation in the chest, just behind the breastbone or in the epigastrium, the upper central abdomen. The pain often rises in the chest and may radiate to the neck, throat, or angle of the jaw. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn JX, LW, YH 胃灼热（烧心） tonsillitis AE 10044008 JX, LW, YH 扁桃体炎 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsillitis Tonsillitis AE is an inflammation AE that is inflammation of the tonsils most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms may include sore throat and fever. non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus AE 10029505 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 JX, LW, YH Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus AE is a diabetes mellitus AE which is also called diabetes mellitus type 2, it's characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in the context of insulin resistance and relative lack of insulin. insulin dependent diabetes mellitus AE 10022497 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_1 JX, LW, YH 胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus AE is a diabetes mellitus AE which is also called diabetes mellitus type 1. It results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. areflexia AE 10003084 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20423 a hyporeflexia AE where the patient shows no sign of reflexes. 反射消失 JX, LW, YH mastauxe AE 乳房增大 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mastauxe Mastauxea AE is a reproductive system AE that shows enlargement of the breast. uveitis AE 10046851 色素层炎 JX, LW, YH CTCAE: E10442 Uveitis AE is an inflammation AE that is inflammation of the uvea, which lines the inside of the eye behind the cornea. NCIt: C26909 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uveitis sexual dysfunctions AE 10040477 性功能障碍 sexual malfunction AE JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction Sexual dysfunctions AE is a reproductive system AE that is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm. hypomnesia AE 10021035 JX, LW, YH 记忆减退 WEB: http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Hypomnesia Hypomnesia AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is an archaic term applied to poor memory, the impaired ability to recall information previously memorized. phobia AE 10034912 恐惧症 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobia JX, LW, YH Phobia AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational. lymphadenectasis AE 10025282 JX, LW, YH Lymphadenectasis AE is an edema AE that shows enlargement of the lymph node. 淋巴结肿大 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/lymphadenectasis asterixis AE 10003547 Asterixis AE is a tremor AE that also called the flapping tremor, or liver flap, which is a tremor of the hand when the wrist is extended, sometimes said to resemble a bird flapping its wings. This motor disorder is characterized by an inability to actively maintain a position, which is demonstrated by jerking movements of the outstretched hands when bent upward at the wrist. The tremor is caused by abnormal function of the diencephalic motor centers in the brain, which regulate the muscles involved in maintaining position. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterixis 扑翼样震颤 JX, LW, YH parageusia AE 10033793 味觉颠倒 JX, LW, YH Parageusia AE is a gustatory system AE which is the medical term for a bad taste in the mouth. One common form of parageusia is a metallic taste of food. This can be a side effect of several medications, such as acetazolamide, eszopiclone, zopiclone, metronidazole, or etoposide. Metallic taste is also a type of dysgeusia which is frequently associated with infections in the mouth or upper airways. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parageusia brain damage AE 10056389 Brain damage AE is a brain AE that also called brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. In general, brain damage refers to significant, undiscriminating trauma-induced damage. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damage JX, LW, YH 脑损伤 frequent bowel movements AE 10017367 大便频繁 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/frequent-bowel-movements Frequent bowel movements AE is a abnormal stool AE that people are having more bowel movements than is normal for them. Often, frequent bowel movements are accompanied by diarrhea, the passage of loosely formed stool. hyperprolactinemia AE 10020739 Hyperprolactinemia AE is an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that is the presence of abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood. Normal levels are less than 500 mIU/L [20 ng/mL or µg/L] for women, and less than 450 mIU/L for men. 高泌乳素血症 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperprolactinaemia JX, LW, YH galactorrhea AE 10017592 JX, LW, YH 乳溢 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactorrhea Galactorrhea AE is a reproductive system AE that is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast, unassociated with childbirth or nursing. sitophobia AE JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sitophobia Sitophobia AE is a behavior and neurological AE that shows a morbid or insane dread of eating. 畏食 ejection murmur AE 收缩期喷射性杂音 Ejection murmur AE is a cardiac disorder AE which is due to turbulent forward flow across the right and left ventricular outflow tract, aortic or pulmonary valve, or through the aorta or pulmonary artery. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.cardiologysite.com/auscultation/html/ejection_murmurs.html hypoactive sexual desire disorder AE 10020933 hyposexuality AE JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder 性欲减退 Hypoactive sexual desire disorder AE is a libido disorder AE that is considered a sexual dysfunction and is characterized as a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity, as judged by a clinician. bigotry AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigotry JX, LW, YH 偏执 Bigotry AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a state of mind where a person strongly and unfairly dislikes other people, ideas, etc. somnambulism AE 10041347 Somnambulisma AE is a behavior and neurological AE that also known as sleepwalking or noctambulism, which is a sleep disorder belonging to the parasomnia family. It arise from the slow wave sleep stage in a state of low consciousness and perform activities that are usually performed during a state of full consciousness. These activities can be as benign as sitting up in bed, walking to the bathroom, and cleaning, or as hazardous as cooking, driving, violent gestures, grabbing at hallucinated objects, or even homicide. sleepwalking AE noctambulism AE JX, LW, YH 梦游症 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepwalking hyperphagia AE 10020710 食欲过盛 Hyperphagia AE is an eating disorder AE that also called polyphagia. It's a medical sign meaning excessive hunger and abnormally large intake of solids by mouth. It can be caused by disorders such as diabetes, Kleine–Levin syndrome (a malfunction in the hypothalamus), the genetic disorders Prader–Willi syndrome, and Bardet–Biedl syndrome. polyphagia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphagia JX, LW, YH corneal pigmentation AE 10011040 Corneal pigmentation is a eye AE shows that the melanin is in the superficial stroma and the basal layer of the corneal epithelium. 角膜色素沉着 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/corneal+pigmentation chromatosis AE 色素沉着 WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/chromatosis JX, LW, YH Chromatos AE is a skin AE shows that deposit of pigment in a normally unpigmented area or excessive pigmentation in a normally pigmented site. subclavian steal syndrome AE 10042335 subclavian steal phenomenon AE 锁骨下动脉盗血综合征 JX, LW, YH Subclavian steal syndrome AE is an ischaemia AE that is a constellation of signs and symptoms that arise from retrograde (reversed) flow of blood in the vertebral artery or the internal thoracic artery, due to a proximal stenosis (narrowing) and/or occlusion of the subclavian artery. The arm may be supplied by blood flowing in a retrograde direction down the vertebral artery at the expense of the vertebrobasilar circulation. This is called the subclavian steal. subclavian steal steno-occlusive disease AE allergic rhinitis AE 10001723 Allergic rhinitis AE is a rhinitis AE that is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways. It occurs when an allergen, such as pollen, dust, or animal dander (particles of shed skin and hair) is inhaled by an individual with a sensitized immune system. 过敏性鼻炎 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_rhinitis NCIt:C79532 CTCAE:E13303 JX, LW, YH, MW ventricular ectopic beats AE 10058291 心室异位搏动 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectopic_beat JX, LW, YH Ventricular ectopic beats AE is a cardiac ventricular disorder AE that is a disturbance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical conduction system of the heart, in which beats arise from fiber or group of fibers outside the region in the heart muscle ordinarily responsible for impulse formation. sjogren syndrome AE 10040767 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren's_syndrome 干燥综合症 Sjogren syndrome AE is a eye AE that is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body's white blood cells destroy the exocrine glands, specifically the salivary and lacrimal glands, that produce saliva and tears, respectively. nocturia AE 10029446 夜尿症 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturia nycturia AE Nocturia AE is a urine abnormality AE that is defined by the International Continence Society as “the complaint that the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding”. JX, LW, YH night sweat AE 10029409 夜汗 JX, LW, YH sleep hyperhidrosis AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_sweats Night sweat is a sweating AE that is the occurrence of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis and focal hyperhidrosis) during sleep. The sufferer may or may not also suffer from excessive perspiration while awake. increased appetite AE 10021654 Increased appetite AE is a gustatory system AE that is when people want to eat much more often or in larger quantities than their body requires. 食欲增加 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/increased-appetite vascular dilatation headache AE 血管扩张性头痛 JX, LW, YH Vascular dilatation headache AE is a headache AE that shows headache which caused by vascular dilatation. WEB: http://www.headaches.org/education/Headache_Topic_Sheets/Vascular_Headaches bundle-branch block AE 10006578 Bundle-branch block AE is a conduction system disorder AE that refers to a defect of the heart's electrical conduction system. 束支传导阻滞 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundle_branch_block JX, LW, YH unstable diabetes AE 10006372 labile diabetes AE JX, LW, YH Unstable diabetes AE is a diabetes mellitus AE that is a type of diabetes when a person's blood glucose level often swings quickly from high to low and from low to high. 不稳定型糖尿病 brittle diabetes AE WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7271 tendon rupture AE 10043248 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tendon+rupture 肌腱断裂 Tendon rupture AE is a tendon disorder AE shows a tearing of the tendon that occurs when the forces placed upon the tendon exceed its tensile strength. JX, LW, YH tendovaginitis AE 10067216 腱鞘炎 WEB: http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Tendovaginitis Tendovaginitis AE is an inflammation AE that is an acute or chronic inflammation of the tendon sheath, occurring in the region of the hand, the wrist joint, the forearm (radial and ulnar tenobursitis), the foot, the ankle joint, and the Achilles tendon (achillobursitis). JX, LW, YH tenovaginitis AE loose stools AE 10024840 JX, LW, YH Loose stools AE is a abnormal stool AE that is usually a form of diarrhea and many conditions causing loose stool will be listed under diarrhea. It may also be related to watery stool (also within the spectrum of diarrhea). WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/loose_stool.htm 稀便 cystitis AE 10011781 膀胱炎 JX, LW, YH Cystitis AE is an inflammation AE that is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it's called a urinary tract infection. WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystitis/basics/definition/con-20024076 eructation AE 10015137 JX, LW, YH ructus AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burping burping AE belching AE Eructation AE is a digestive system AE that is the release of gas from the digestive tract (mainly esophagus and stomach) through the mouth. It is usually accompanied with a typical sound and, at times, an odor. 嗳气 glossolalia AE Glossolalia AE is a speech disorder AE that is the fluid vocalizing of speech-like syllables that lack any readily comprehended meaning. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossolalia JX, LW, YH 语言不清 leg pain AE 10024130 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003182.htm 腿痛 Leg pain AE is a pain AE that is a common problem in leg, it can be due to a cramp, injury, or other cause. stomach ache AE 10042126 NCIt: C26682 胃痛 abdominal pain AE stomach pain AE stomachache AE CTCAE: E10460 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_pain http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stomach-ache-abdominal-pain/Pages/Introduction.aspx Stomachache AE is a pain AE that the pain in or near your stomach. It is a common symptom associated with transient disorders or serious disease. conduction block AE 传导阻滞 Conduction block AE is a conduction system disorder AE that shows failure of impulse transmission at some point along a nerve fiber, although conduction along the segments proximal and distal to it are unaffected. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=10757 photodermatitis AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodermatitis 光敏性皮炎 Photodermatitis AE is a dermatitis AE that referred to as sun poisoning or photoallergy, is a form of allergic contact dermatitis in which the allergen must be activated by light to sensitize the allergic response, and to cause a rash or other systemic effects on subsequent exposure. JX, LW, YH pygalgia AE WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=74312 JX, LW, YH Pygalgia AE is a pain AE that is a rarely used term meaning pain in the buttocks. 臀痛 throat irritation AE 10043521 throat discomfort AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throat_irritation 咽喉不适 Throat irritation AE is a discomfort AE that refers to a dry cough, a scratchy feeling at the back of the throat, or a sensation of a lumpy feeling or something stuck at the back of the throat. JX, LW, YH interstitial nephritis AE 10048302 tubulointerstitial nephritis AE Interstitial nephritis AE is an inflammation AE that is a form of nephritis affecting the interstitium of the kidneys surrounding the tubules. This disease can be either acute, meaning it occurs suddenly, or chronic, meaning it is ongoing and eventually ends in kidney failure. 间质肾炎 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_nephritis hoarseness AE 10020201 CTCAE:E13384 NCIt:C47813 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003054.htm Hoarseness AE is a hoarseness AE that refers to a difficulty making sounds when trying to speak. Vocal sounds may be weak, breathy, scratchy, or husky, and the pitch or quality of the voice may change. 声音嘶哑 JX, LW, YH, MW photosensitization AE 光敏 JX, LW, YH Photosensitization AE is a hypersensitivity AE that refers to development of abnormally heightened reactivity of the skin or eyes to sunlight. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/photosensitization fanconi syndrome AE 10016219 JX, LW, YH 范可尼综合征 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanconi_syndrome Fanconi syndrome AE is a kidney AE that is a disease of the proximal renal tubules of the kidney in which glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate and bicarbonate are passed into the urine, instead of being reabsorbed. keratoconjunctivitis AE 10023348 角膜结膜炎 Keratoconjunctivitis AE is an inflammation AE that is inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. When only the cornea is inflamed, it is called keratitis; when only the conjunctiva is inflamed, it is called conjunctivitis. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratoconjunctivitis hepatic insufficiency AE 10056542 JX, LW, YH Hepatic insufficiency AE is a liver disorder AE that shows a failure or partial failure of normal liver function. 肝功能不全 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hepatic+insufficiency hypoxemia AE 10021142 低血氧症 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxemia JX, LW, YH Hypoxemia AE is a blood gas investigation result abnormal AE that is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood. More specifically, it is oxygen deficiency in arterial blood. irritant contact dermatitis AE 刺激性接触性皮炎 JX, LW, YH Irritant contact dermatitis AE is a dermatitis AE that is a form of contact dermatitis that can be divided into forms caused by chemical irritants and those caused by physical irritants. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritant_contact_dermatitis pitting edema AE 10054547 Pitting edema AE is an edema AE that shows observable swelling of body tissues due to fluid accumulation that may be demonstrated by applying pressure to the swollen area (such as by depressing the skin with a finger). 指压性水肿 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=88528 JX, LW, YH acute bronchitis AE 10000687 Acute bronchitis AE is a bronchitis AE that is an inflammation of the large bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs that is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks. Characteristic symptoms include cough, sputum (phlegm) production, and shortness of breath and wheezing related to the obstruction of the inflamed airways. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_bronchitis JX, LW, YH 急性支气管炎 renal calculus AE 10038385 10038386 renal calculi AE NCIt: C26807 Renal calculus AE is a kidney AE that is a solid concretion or crystal aggregation formed in the kidneys from minerals in the urine. Kidney stones typically leave the body by passage in the urine stream, and many stones are formed and passed without causing symptoms. If stones grow to sufficient size (usually at least 3 millimeters (0.12 in)) they can cause blockage of the ureter. This leads to pain, most commonly beginning in the flank or lower back and often radiating to the groin or genitals. 肾结石 kidney stone AE CTCAE: E13018 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone nephrolithiasis AE JX, LW, YH clouding of consciousness AE brain fog AE JX, LW, YH Clouding of consciousness AE is a sensory capability AE that is a term used in conventional medicine denoting an abnormality in the "regulation" of the "overall level" of consciousness that is mild and less severe than a delirium. The sufferer experiences a subjective sensation of mental clouding described as feeling "foggy". mental fog AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clouding_of_consciousness 意识模糊 reflex tachycardia AE 10063096 JX, LW, YH 反射性心动过速 Reflex tachycardia AE is a tachycardia AE that shows increased heart rate in response to some stimulus conveyed through the cardiac nerves. WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=89526 joint sprain AE 10023229 JX, LW, YH Joint sprain AE is a joint disorder AE that is damage to one or more ligaments in a joint, often caused by trauma or the joint being taken beyond its functional range of motion. 关节扭伤 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprain epicondylitis AE 10014971 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicondylitis Epicondylitis AE is an inflammation AE that is a type of musculoskeletal disorder that refers to an inflammation of an epicondyle. 上髁炎 JX, LW, YH melanoglosia AE 10014971 Melanoglosia AE is a tongue AE that shows tongue turn black. Any blackening of the tongue associated with certain disorders and diseases in animals and humans. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/melanoglosia 舌黑 ventricular tachycardia AE 10047302 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia NCIt: C50802 CTCAE: E10239 Ventricular tachycardia AE is a tachycardia AE that is a type of tachycardia, or a rapid heart beat that arises from improper electrical activity of the heart presenting as a rapid heart rhythm, that starts in the bottom chambers of the heart, called the ventricles. JX, LW, YH 心室性心搏过速 granulomatous hepatitis AE 肉芽肿性肝炎 Granulomatous hepatitis AE is a hepatitis AE that refers to an inflammatory liver disease associated with granuloma formation in the liver. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://radiopaedia.org/articles/granulomatous-hepatitis hypogeusia AE 10020989 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogeusia 味觉减弱 JX, LW, YH Hypogeusia AE is a gustatory system AE that is a reduced ability to taste things (to taste sweet, sour, bitter, or salty substances). dysphoria AE 10013954 烦躁不安 JX, LW, YH Dysphoria AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction. In a psychiatric context, dysphoria may accompany depression, anxiety, or agitation. Common reactions to dysphoria include emotional distress or indifference. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoria oneirism AE 10030332 Oneirism AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a state of abnormal consciousness in which dream-like experiences and hallucinations happen while awake. WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oneirism JX, LW, YH 梦幻症 podalgia AE JX, LW, YH 足痛 WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/podalgia Podalgia AE is a pain AE that shows pain in the foot. brachialgia AE 10068901 WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brachialgia Brachialgia AE is a pain AE that shows pain in the arm. JX, LW, YH 臂痛 coxalgia AE 10011249 WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coxalgia JX, LW, YH 髋痛 Coxalgia AE is a pain AE that shows pain in the hip. limb injury AE 10061225 肢体伤 JX, LW, YH Limb injury AE is an injury AE which involve damage to bones, joints, ligament, musles, the major blood vessels and nerves of the limb. polymyalgia rheumatica AE 10036099 Polymyalgia rheumatica AE is a muscle pain AE that is a syndrome with pain or stiffness, usually in the neck, shoulders, and hips. The pain can be very sudden, or can occur gradually over a period. It may be caused by an inflammatory condition of blood vessels such as temporal arteritis. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymyalgia_rheumatica 风湿性多发性肌痛 JX, LW, YH fibromyalgia AE 10048439 纤维肌痛 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia AE is a muscle pain AE that is characterised by chronic widespread pain and allodynia (a heightened and painful response to pressure). Fibromyalgia symptoms are not restricted to pain, leading to the use of the alternative term fibromyalgia syndrome for the condition. Other symptoms include debilitating fatigue, sleep disturbance, and joint stiffness. hepatic encephalopathy AE 10019660 portosystemic encephalopathy AE Hepatic encephalopathy AE is an encephalopathy AE that is the occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness, and coma as a result of liver failure. In the advanced stages it is called hepatic coma or coma hepaticum. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatic_encephalopathy chorea AE 10008748 choreia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorea JX, LW, YH 舞蹈症 a behavior and neurological AE AE that is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias. nightmare AE 10029412 Nightmare AE is a sleep disorder AE that is an unpleasant dream that can cause a strong emotional response from the mind, typically fear or horror but also despair, anxiety and great sadness. 梦魇 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmare JX, LW, YH depersonalization AE 10012359 depersonalisation AE JX, LW, YH a psychiatric disorder AE that is an anomaly of self-awareness. It consists of a feeling of watching oneself act, while having no control over a situation. Subjects feel they have changed, and the world has become vague, dreamlike, less real, or lacking in significance. It can be a disturbing experience, since many feel that, indeed, they are living in a "dream". WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depersonalization 人格解体 apatheia AE a psychiatric disorder AE that refers to a state of mind where one is not disturbed by the passions. apathia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apatheia 情感冷漠 JX, LW, YH parosmia AE 10034018 JX, LW, YH troposmia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parosmia cacosmia AE 味觉倒错 Parosmia AE is a sensory capability AE that is an olfactory dysfunction which is characterized by the inability of the brain to properly identify an odor’s “natural” smell. xerophthalmia AE 10048221 xerophthalmus AE Xerophthalmia AE is an eye AE that is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerophthalmia JX, LW, YH 干眼病 chondropathy AE 10061762 JX, LW, YH 软骨病 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondropathy Chondropathy AE is a bone disorder AE that refers to a disease of the cartilage. It is frequently divided into 5 grades, with 0-2 defined as normal, and 3-4 defined as diseased. teratogenesis AE Teratogenesis AE is a female reproductive system AE that is a prenatal toxicity characterized by structural or functional defects in the developing embryo or fetus. It also includes intrauterine growth retardation, death of the embryo or fetus, and transplacental carcinogenesis. WEB: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587782/teratogenesis JX, LW, YH 畸胎 premature atrial contraction AE 10056964 Premature atrial contraction AE is an arrhythmia AE that is a common cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by premature heartbeats originating in the atria. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_atrial_contraction 早搏 atrial premature complexes AE atrial premature beats AE JX, LW, YH parotitis AE 10034038 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parotitis An inflammation AE that courrs in one or both parotid glands, the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans. The parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation. 腮腺炎 JX, LW, YH glossitis AE 10018386 舌炎 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossitis Glossitis AE is an inflammation AE that can mean soreness of the tongue, or more usually inflammation with depapillation of the dorsal surface of the tongue, leaving a smooth and erythematous surface. JX, LW, YH genital edema AE 10018146 生殖器水肿 CTCAE:E13111 JX, LW, YH, MW WEB: http://www.lymphoedemanz.org.nz/About+Lymphoedema/Genital+Oedema.html NCIt:C78324 Genital edema AE is an edema AE that can be the result of interruption to the lymphatic drainage of this area caused by tumor, surgical removal of lymph nodes, radiotherapy or infection. Congenital disorders causing inadequate lymphatics can sometimes lead to the development of this condition. orgasm incapacity AE Orgasm incapacity AE is a reproductive system AE that the disorder characterized by an inability to achieve orgasm. JX, LW, YH 缺乏性高潮 sedation AE 10039897 镇静 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedation Sedation AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure. sinus bradycardia AE 10040741 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinus_bradycardia CTCAE: E10208 Sinus bradycardia AE is a bradycardia AE that is a heart rhythm that originates from the sinus node and has a rate that is lower than normal. In humans, bradycardia is generally defined to be a rate of under 60 beats per minute. JX, LW, YH NCIt: C26923 窦性心动过缓 cardiac output decreased AE 10007595 WEB: http://www1.us.elsevierhealth.com/MERLIN/Gulanick/archive/Constructor/gulanick10.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_output JX, LW, YH 心输出量减少 Cardiac output decreased AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows a state in which the blood pumped by an individual's heart is sufficiently reduced that it is inadequate to meet the needs of the body's tissues. Cardiac output is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in the time interval of one minute. steatorrhea AE 10041968 脂溢 steatorrhoea AE Steatorrhea AE is a digestive system AE that is the presence of excess fat in feces. Stools may also float due to excess lipid, have an oily appearance and can be especially foul-smelling. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatorrhea malabsorption syndrome AE 10025479 吸收不良综合症 JX, LW, YH Malabsorption syndrome AE is a digestive system AE that refers to a number of disorders in which the intestine’s ability to absorb certain nutrients, such as vitamin B12 and iron, into the bloodstream is negatively affected. WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/malabsorption#Overview1 sialadenitis AE 10040627 Sialadenitis AE is an inflammation AE that is inflammation of a salivary gland. It may be subdivided temporally into acute, chronic and recurrent forms. 唾液腺炎 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialadenitis parkinson's disease AE 10061536 帕金森综合症 paralysis agitans AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson's_disease hypokinetic rigid syndrome AE choreia AE a nervous system AE that shows a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain, the cause of this cell death is unknown. JX, LW, YH idiopathic/primary parkinsonism AE urinary calculus AE 10046531 WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary_disorders/urinary_calculi/urinary_calculi.html 尿结石 JX, LW, YH urinary calculi AE Urinary calculus AE a urinary system AE that is solid particles in the urinary system. They may cause pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, and, possibly, chills and fever due to secondary infection. sinoatrial block AE 10040736 Sinoatrial block AE is a conduction system disorder AE that shows the electrical impulse is delayed or blocked on the way to the atria, thus delaying atrial depolarization. 窦房阻滞 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoatrial_block JX, LW, YH hyperthyroidism AE 10020850 CTCAE: E10322 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthyroidism 甲状腺机能亢进 NCIt: C3123 Hyperthyroidism AE is an endocrine system AE that is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces and secretes excessive amounts of the free (not protein bound circulating in the blood) thyroid hormones -triiodothyronine (T3) and/or thyroxine (T4). akathisia AE 10001540 CTCAE:E12581 静坐困难 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akathisia NCIt:C78163 JX, LW, YH, MW Akathisia AE is a behavior and neurological AE that is a movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and a compelling need to be in constant motion, as well as by actions such as rocking while standing or sitting, lifting the feet as if marching on the spot, and crossing and uncrossing the legs while sitting. People with akathisia are unable to sit or keep still, complain of restlessness, fidget, rock from foot to foot, and pace. acathisia AE retinopathy AE 10038923 JX, LW, YH CTCAE: E10432 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinopathy NCIt: C62601 Retinopathy AE is an eye AE that is due to persistent or acute damage to the retina of the eye. Ongoing inflammation and vascular remodeling may occur over periods of time where the patient is not fully aware of the extent of the disease. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease as seen in diabetes or hypertension. 视网膜病变 sinus arrest AE 10040738 sinoatrial arrest AE sinus pause AE 窦性停搏 Sinus arrest AE is an arrhythmia AE that is a medical condition wherein the sinoatrial node of the heart transiently ceases to generate the electrical impulses that normally stimulate the myocardial tissues to contract and thus the heart to beat. It is defined as lasting from 2.0 seconds to several minutes. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoatrial_arrest JX, LW, YH ST segment depression AE 10041892 JX, LW, YH ST段下降 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST_depression ST segment depression AE is an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE that refers to a finding on an electrocardiogram. It may be determined by measuring the vertical distance between the patient's trace and the isoelectric line at a location 2-3 millimeters from the QRS complex. It is significant if it is more than 1 mm in V5-V6, or 1.5 mm in AVF or III. T-wave inversion AE 10042966 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_wave JX, LW, YH T-wave inversion AE is an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE that can be a sign of coronary ischemia, Wellens' syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, or CNS disorder. In electrocardiography, the T wave represents the repolarization (or recovery) of the ventricles. T波倒置 hyperthermia AE 10020843 体温过高 JX, LW, YH, SJ WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermia Hyperthermia AE is an abnormal body temperature AE that is elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates. Extreme temperature elevation then becomes a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment to prevent disability or death. priapism AE 10036661 JX, LW, YH Priapism AE a male reproductive system AE that is a potentially painful medical condition in which the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state, despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation, within four hours. 阴茎持续勃起 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priapism gingival bleeding AE 10018276 bleeding on probing AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding_on_probing Gingival bleeding AE is a hemorrhage AE that is a term used by dentists and dental hygienists when referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth. Bleeding on probing, often abbreviated BOP, is a sign of inflammation and indicates some sort of destruction and erosion to the lining of the sulcus or the ulceration of sulcular epithelium. The blood comes from lamina propria after the ulceration of the lining. 牙龈出血 bleeding gums AE JX, LW, YH hearing loss AE 10019245 10019246 hearing impairment AE a hearing disorder AE that is a partial or total inability to hear. In children it may affect the development of language and can cause work related difficulties for adults. CTCAE: E10276 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_loss JX, LW, YH hearing impaired AE anacusis AE NCIt: C50576 听力下降 deafness AE hard of hearing AE muscle fatigue AE 10049565 physical fatigue AE Muscle fatigue AE is a muscle adverse event that is the decline in ability of a muscle to generate force. It can be a result of vigorous exercise but abnormal fatigue may be caused by barriers to or interference with the different stages of muscle contraction. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_fatigue 肌肉疲劳 JX, LW, YH regurgitation AE 10067171 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regurgitation_%28digestion%29 Regurgitation AE is a digestive system AE that is the expulsion of material from the pharynx, or esophagus, usually characterized by the presence of undigested food or blood. JX, LW, YH 反胃 skin irritation AE 10040880 JX, LW, YH Skin irritation AE is a skin AE that is a mild inflammatory dermal tissue reaction, it can be caused by physical contact with an irritant or can be a local response to a systemic trigger. 皮肤刺激 herpes simplex AE 10019948 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex herpes catarrhalis AE a herpes viral infection AE tha is caused by both Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). 单纯疱疹 measles AE 10027011 Measles AE is a viral infection AE is an infection of the respiratory system, immune system and skin caused by a virus, specifically a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles 麻疹 English measles AE rubeola AE morbilli AE JX, LW, YH hypercholesteremia AE 10005425 10008661 10020604 JX, LW, YH cholesterol high AE hypercholesterolemia AE dyslipidemia WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症 Hypercholesteremia AE is a blood cholesterol abnormal AE that is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. toxic epidermal necrolysis AE 10044223 中毒性表皮坏死溶解症 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_epidermal_necrolysis Toxic epidermal necrolysis AE is a skin AE that is a rare, life-threatening skin condition which is usually caused by a reaction to drugs. Lyell's syndrome AE NCIt:C79777 JX, LW, YH, MW CTCAE:E13743 atrioventricular junctional rhythm AE JX, LW, YH Atrioventricular junctional rhythm AE is an arrhythmia AE that is an electrocardiographic finding in which the pacer of the heart is located in the AV junction, presenting with a narrow QRS complex and a rate of 40-60 beats per minute. 房室交界性心律 unconsciousness AE 10045481 Unconsciousness AE is a sensory capability AE that is a state which occurs when the ability to maintain a awareness of self and environment is lost, it involves a complete or near-complete lack of responsiveness to people and other environmental stimuli. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconsciousness JX, LW, YH loss of consciousness AE 意识丧失 pemphigus AE 10034280 天疱疮 Pemphigus AE is a skin AE that is a rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemphigus JX, LW, YH onychomycosis AE tinea unguium AE dermatophytic onychomycosis AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychomycosis JX, LW, YH 甲癣 Onychomycosis AE is a nail infection AE that is a fungal infection of the nail. It is the most common disease of the nails and constitutes about half of all nail abnormalities. miosis AE 10027646 Miosis AE is an eye AE that is a term with various definitions, which generally include constriction of the pupil. 瞳孔缩小 myosis AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosis JX, LW, YH optic atrophy AE 10030910 JX, LW, YH 视神经萎缩 an optic neuropathy AE that shows the loss of some or most of the nerve fibers in the optic nerve. The effects range from visual change to severe visual loss. WEB: http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/optic.atrophy.html albuminuria AE 10001580 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuminuria 蛋白尿 JX, LW, YH Albuminuria AE is a urine abnormality AE that is a pathological condition wherein albumin is present in the urine. It is a type of proteinuria. enuresis AE 10014928 JX, LW, YH Enuresis AE is a urine abnormality AE that refers to a repeated inability to control urination. Use of the term is usually limited to describing individuals old enough to be expected to exercise such control. 遗尿 This term appears to be a synonym to the 'urinary incontinence AE'. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enuresis gum hypertrophy AE 10018781 gingival enlargement AE gingival over-growth AE gingival hyperplasia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingival_enlargement hypertrophic gingivitis AE 牙龈增生 Gum hypertrophy AE is a digestive system AE that is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums). It is a common feature of gingival disease. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of factors, including inflammatory conditions and the side effects of certain medications. gingival hypertrophy AE JX, LW, YH contact dermatitis AE 10010790 Contact dermatitis AE is a dermatitis AE that is a type of skin inflammation.It results from exposure to allergens (allergic contact dermatitis) or irritants (irritant contact dermatitis). Phototoxic dermatitis occurs when the allergen or irritant is activated by sunlight. JX, LW, YH 接触性皮炎 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_dermatitis necrotizing vasculitis AE 10028892 坏死性血管炎 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000432.htm JX, LW, YH Necrotizing vasculitis AE is a vasculitis AE that is a rare condition which involves inflammation of the blood vessel walls. carpal tunnel syndrome AE 10007697 Carpal tunnel syndrome AE is a peripheral neuropathy AE that is a median entrapment neuropathy that causes paresthesia, pain, numbness, and other symptoms in the distribution of the median nerve due to its compression at the wrist in the carpal tunnel. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome JX, LW, YH WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1141168-clinical#showall 腕管综合征 median nerve neuropathy AE erythromelalgia AE 10015284 Mitchell's disease AE Erythromelalgia AE is a peripheral arterial disease AE that is a rare neurovascular peripheral pain disorder in which blood vessels, usually in the lower extremities or hands, are episodically blocked (frequently on and off daily), then become hyperemic and inflamed. red neuralgia AE acromelalgia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromelalgia erythermalgia AE 红斑性肢痛症 JX, LW, YH Raynaud's syndrome AE 10037914 雷诺综合症 a syndrome AE which results in the Raynaud's syndrome, a rare disease causes some areas of your body — such as your fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress. In Raynaud's disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to your skin narrow, limiting blood circulation to affected areas (vasospasm). Raynaud's phenomenon AE WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/raynauds-disease/basics/definition/con-20022916 JX, LW, YH Raynaud's disease AE extrapyramidal syndrome AE 10015836 JX, LW, YH extrapyramidal side effects AE 椎体外系综合征 Extrapyramidal syndrome AE is a nervous system AE that is drug induced movement disorders which include acute and tardive symptoms. vertebral body outside the beam syndrome AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrapyramidal_symptoms sodium retention AE 10041277 钠潴留 WEB: https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100823074826AAcg7WV JX, LW, YH an electrolyte lab test abnormal AE that is when the kidneys hold on to more sodium and do not excrete it with the kidneys. This tends to expand the blood volume, which can elevate the blood pressure. complex regional pain syndrome AE 10064332 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/complex-regional-pain-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20022844 Complex regional pain syndrome typically develops after an injury, surgery, stroke or heart attack, but the pain is out of proportion to the severity of the initial injury. SJ, YH complex regional pain syndrome AE is a pain AE that results in an uncommon form of chronic pain that usually affects an extremity. sciatica AE 10039674 坐骨神经痛 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciatica sciatic neuralgia AE lumbar radiculopathy AE Sciatica AE is a pain AE that is a set of symptoms including pain caused by general compression or irritation of one of five spinal nerve roots of each sciatic nerve or by compression or irritation of the left or right or both sciatic nerves. sciatic neuritis AE JX, LW, YH joint stiffness AE 10023230 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_stiffness JX, LW, YH Joint stiffness AE is a joint disorder AE that may be either the symptom of pain on moving a joint, the symptom of loss of range of motion or the physical sign of reduced range of motion. 关节僵硬 breast engorgement AE 10006240 Breast engorgement AE is a reproductive system AE that occurs in the mammary glands due to expansion and pressure exerted by the synthesis and storage of breast milk. 乳房充盈 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_engorgement JX, LW, YH nervous tension AE 10029214 JX, LW, YH 神经紧张 Nervous tension AE is a behavior and neurological AE that might be said to be a physical expression of how people deal with negatively experienced emotion. WEB: http://helpmetosleep.org/featured-articles/how-to-relieve-nervous-tension/ nervousness AE 10029216 JX, LW, YH 神经过敏 Nervousness AE is a behavior and neurological AE that shows an uneasy psychological state which including anxiety, neurosis, neuroticism, and worry, etc. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervousness osteoarthritis AE 10031161 Osteoarthritis AE is an arthritis AE that is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Osteoarthritis is not an inflammatory disease even-though the name suggest one. Symptoms may include joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, locking, and sometimes an effusion. degenerative joint disease AE JX, LW, YH 骨关节炎 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoarthritis degenerative arthritis AE osteoarthrosis AE methemoglobinemia AE 10027506 JX, LW, YH methaemoglobinaemia AE Methemoglobinemia AE is a red blood cell profile abnormal AE that is a disorder characterized by the presence of a higher than normal level of methemoglobin (metHb, i.e., ferric [Fe3+] rather than ferrous [Fe2+] haemoglobin) in the blood. It's a form of hemoglobin that contains ferric [Fe3+] iron and has a decreased ability to bind oxygen. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methemoglobinemia 高铁血红蛋白症 hemiageusia AE 偏侧味觉缺失 WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=39885 hemigeusia AE hemiageustia AE JX, LW, YH Hemiageusia AE is a ageusia AE that shows loss of taste from one side of the tongue. skin swelling AE 10053262 Skin swelling AE is an edema AE that has an outcome of the occurrence of swelling which is located on the skin. 胕肿 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/skin_swelling.htm fibrosing alveolitis AE 10016640 纤维化肺泡炎 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1818528/ JX, LW, YH Fibrosing alveolitis AE is a lung inflammation AE that is a disease of unknown cause mainly involving the gas-exchanging portions of the lungs. It may occur in isolation and be called cryptogenic or idiopathic, in which case the clinical manifestations are mainly respiratory, or it may be associated with other disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. hypochloremic alkalosis AE 10020958 低氯性碱中毒 an electrolyte chloride abnormal AE where the patient's body has abnormally low levels of chloride. This condition usually results from an extremely high loss of chloride, rather than a low intake of it. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-hypochloremic-alkalosis.htm erythema annulare centrifugum AE MedDRA: 10015154 deep gyrate erythema AE Erythema annulare centrifugum AE is an erythema AE that is a descriptive term for a skin lesion. The lesions form consists of redness (erythema) in a ring form (anulare) that spreads from the center (centrifugum). JX, LW, YH erythema perstans AE superficial gyrate erythema AE 离心性环形红斑 palpable migrating erythema AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_annulare_centrifugum irritation AE 10029216 Irritation is a behavior and neurological AE that is a state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritation 刺激 JX, LW, YH neuroticism AE 神经质 JX, LW, YH a psychiatric disorder AE that is a fundamental personality trait in the study of psychology characterized by anxiety, fear, moodiness, worry, envy, frustration, jealousy, and loneliness. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroticism hyperirritability AE This term appears to be a synonym to the 'irritability AE'. JX, LW, YH Hyperirritability AE is a behavior and neurological AE that shows abnormally great or uninhibited response to stimuli. 过激 WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/hyperirritability; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritability rhinostenosis AE Rhinostenosis AE is a respiratory system AE that shows narrowing or obliteration of the nasal airway by scar formation JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.drugs.com/dict/rhinostenosis.html 鼻道狭窄 sino-auricular heart-block AE Sino-auricular heart-block AE is a conduction system disorder AE that refers to a rare heart condition caused by abnormalities in the heart's electrical system rather than arterial disease. WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/s/sino_auricular_heart_block/intro.htm JX, LW, YH 窦房传导阻滞 anisosphygmia AE JX, LW, YH 脉搏不规则 Anisosphygmia AE is a cardiovascular disorder AE that shows difference in volume, force, or time of the pulse in the corresponding arteries on two sides of the body, the two radials, or femorals. WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=4352 rubefaction AE JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=79112 发红 Rubefaction AE is a skin AE that refers to erythema of the skin caused by local application of a counterirritant. myodystony AE JX, LW, YH 肌张力不全 Myodystony AE is an abnormal muscle tone AE that refers to a condition of slow relaxation, interrupted by a succession of slight contractions, following electrical stimulation of a muscle. WEB: http://www.drugs.com/dict/myodystony.html allotriosmia AE 10029216 heterosmia AE Allotriosmia is a behavior and neurological AE that shows incorrect recognition of odors. JX, LW, YH 嗅觉异常 WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=2401 pharyngotonsillitis AE 10049140 WEB: http://www.persify.com/en/perspectives/medical-conditions-diseases/pharyngotonsillitis-_-951000101807 Pharyngotonsillitis is an inflammation AE that is a medical condition characterized by an inflammation of both the tonsils and the pharynx (located at the back of the throat). It occurs due to viral or bacterial infections. 咽扁桃体炎 JX, LW, YH hypersensitivity pneumonitis AE 10015887 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis AE is a pneumonia AE that is an inflammation of the alveoli within the lung caused by hypersensitivity to inhaled organic dusts. Sufferers are commonly exposed to the dust by their occupation or hobbies. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity_pneumonitis extrinsic allergic alveolitis AE JX, LW, YH 过敏性肺炎 stagger AE 蹒跚 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stagger Stagger AE is a movement disorder AE that shows an unsteady movement of the body in walking or standing, as if one were about to fall. myocardial anoxia AE JX, LW, YH 心肌缺氧 Myocardial anoxia AE is a hypoxia AE that shows a reduced concentration of O2 in the myocardium. biliary colic AE 10004663 Biliary colic AE is a pain AE that is the term used to describe a type of pain related to the gallbladder that occurs when a gallstone transiently obstructs the cystic duct and the gallbladder contracts. cholecystalgia AE 胆绞痛 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliary_colic hyperemia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaemia 充血 JX, LW, YH hyperaemia AE Hyperemia AE is a cardiovascular disorder AE that is the increase of blood flow to different tissues in the body. It can have medical implications, but is also a regulatory response, allowing change in blood supply to different tissues through vasodilation. tenderness AE 10043224 WEB: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/tenderness a sensory capability AE that has an outcome increased sensitivity to pain in a patient RR induration AE 10060708 RR WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/induration a skin AE with the outcome of induration, which is an increase in the fibrous elements in tissue commonly associated with inflammation and marked by loss of elasticity and pliability or a hardened mass or formation foreign body sensation in eyes AE 10051116 WEB: http://www.richmondeye.com/eyehealth_foreignbody/ RR an eye AE which has an outcome of a foreign body sensation in the eye, or the sensation that something is in or scratching the eye injection site cellulitis AE 10050057 a cellulititis AE that occurs at an injection-site. RR WEB: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cellulitis/Pages/Symptoms.aspx peripheral coldness AE 10034568 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of peripheral coldness, or coldness of extremeties WEB: http://www.patient.co.uk/leaflets/peripheral_coldness.htm RR hypoesthesia facial AE 10065312 a hypoaesthesia AE that has an outcome of a decrease in facial sensitivity RR WEB: http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/hypoesthesia hypoesthesia facial AE hypoaesthesia facial AE poor quality sleep AE 10062519 RR a sleep disorder AE that shows poor quality sleep vesicular rash AE 10037898 WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/vesicular a rash AE characterized by the formation of vesicles rash vesicular AE RR limb discomfort AE 10061224 RR a discomfort AE that occurs at a limb scleral discoloration AE 10039696 scleral discolouration AE RR an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of discoloration of the sclera, or the whites of the eyes injection site urticaria AE 10022107 WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/hives-urticaria-beyond-the-basics RR an urticaria AE that occurs in an injection site dysstasia AE 10050256 a behavior and neurological AE that results in dysstasia, or difficulty standing WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=27458 RR hyperesthesia AE 10020568 a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of hyperaesthesia, meaning unusual or pathological sensitivity of the skin or of a particular sense RR 神经过敏 WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hyperesthesia hyperaesthesia AE nuclear magnetic resonance imaging spinal cord abnormal AE 10069585 a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging result abnormal AE that has an outcome of abnormal nuclear magnetic resonance imaging test of the spinal cord RR ocular icterus AE 10058117 WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/icterus RR an eye disorder AE which has an outcome of ocular icterus, or jaundice of the eye edema mouth AE 10030110 An edema AE that occurs in the mouth oedema mouth AE RR painful respiration AE 10033517 RR WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/painful-respiration a respiratory system AE which has an outcome of painful respiration, an unpleasant sensation ranging from mild discomfort to unbearable agony while breathing ophthalmological examination abnormal AE 10056836 RR a neurological, special senses and psychiatric investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal ophthalmological examination ischemic optic neuropathy AE 10030924 optic ischemic neuropathy AE WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye_disorders/optic_nerve_disorders/ischemic_optic_neuropathy.html WEB: http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/ischemic-optic-neuropathy/ RR an optic neuropahty AE which shows an infarction of the optic disk which presents as painless vision loss lyme disease AE 10025169 a bacterial infection AE with an outcome of Lyme disease, a tick-bourne illness cause by the bacterium B. burgdorferi that causes dermatologic, rheumatologic, neurologic, and cardiac abnormalities RR WEB: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/script/casedef.aspx?CondYrID=752&DatePub=1/1/2011 lymph node pain AE 10025182 a pain AE that has an outcome of lymph node pain NCIt: C78440 RR CTCAE: E10052 loss of control of legs AE 10024860 RR a movement disorder AE that has an outcome of loss of control of patient's legs livedo reticularis AE 10024648 RR WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/livedo%20reticularis a vascular disorder AE that has an outcome of levedo reticularis, a condition of the peripheral blood vessels characterized by reddish blue mottling of the skin especially of the extremeties usually upon exposure to cold muscle strain AE 10050031 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001109/ a muscle adverse event AE that has an outcome of muscle strain, which happens when a muscle is stretched too much and tears pulled muscle AE RR muscle tightness AE 10049816 RR WEB: http://www.chirocommunity.com/muscletightness.htm a muscle adverse event AE that has an outcome of muscle tightness, which is a tense feeling in muscles muscle rigidity AE 10028330 WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/muscle-rigidity RR a muscle adverse event AE that has an outcome of muscle rigidity, a state of continuous firm, tense muscles with marked resistance to passive movement 肌肉僵硬 Miller Fisher syndrome AE 10049567 RR WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/miller_fisher/miller_fisher.htm Miller Fisher syndrome is a rare, acquired nerve disease that is considered to be a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. It is characterized by abnormal muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles, and absence of the tendon reflexes type III immune complex mediated reaction AE 10053614 WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/136217-overview RR a hypersensitivity AE which has an outcome of type III immune complex mediated reaction, a type of hypersensitivity reaction in which circulating antigen-antibody immune complexes are deposited in post-capillary venules, with subsequent complement fixation tonsilar hypertrophy AE 10044003 WEB: http://www.cchi.com.hk/symposia/s3_ear_1.htm a tonsilitis AE with the outcome of tonsilar hypertrophy, or enlargement of the tonsils RR temperature intolerance AE 10057040 RR a sensory capability AE that results in temperature intolerance unresponsive to stimuli AE 10045555 RR a sensory capability AE that results in the patient being unresponsive to stimuli sputum discolored AE 10041806 a respiratory system AE that shows discolored sputum RR spinal column stenosis AE 10041540 a musculoskeletal system AE that has an outcome of spinal column stenosis, or narrowing of spaces in the spine that results in pressure on the spinal cord and/or nerve roots WEB: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Spinal_Stenosis/ RR skin tightness AE 10050637 a skin AE with the outcome of skin tightness RR ligament pain AE 10068790 a pain AE with the outcome of ligament pain RR idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura AE 10021245 RR a thrombocytopenic purpura AE with no known cause (idiopathic). Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a bleeding disorder in which the immune system destroys platelets, which are necesssary for normal blood clotting. Persons with this disorder have too few platelets in the blood. 特发性血小板减少性紫癜 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000535.htm cerebral palsy AE 10008129 A palsy AE that shows cerebral palsy, a disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture that is caused by an insult to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth RR WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cerebral-palsy/basics/definition/con-20030502 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy AE 10057645 RR a neurological AE with the outcome of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, a neurological disorder characterized by progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms caused by damage to the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerves WEB: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/cidp/cidp.htm allergic dermatitis AE 10012434 an allergy AE which displays an allergic skin response following contact of an allergen, with the skin typically marked by an itchy red rash often accompanied by swelling and watery blisters. RR, JX, YH WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/allergic%20contact%20dermatitis dermatitis allergic AE diet refusal AE 10012775 a behavior and neurological AE with an outcome of the patient refusing to eat RR blood pressure fluctuation AE 10005746 RR an abnormal blood pressure AE that has an outcome of blood pressure fluctuations aphagia AE 10049866 RR WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/aphagia a digestive system AE which has an outcome of aphagia, which is the loss of the ability to swallow aphonia AE 10002953 a speech disorder AE with an outcome of aphonia, or loss of voice and of all but whispered speech WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aphonia NCIt:C79539 CTCAE:E12589 RR, MW abdominal pain lower AE 10000084 RR WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/abdominal-pain/basics/definition/sym-20050728 a stomach pain AE that is observed in lower stomach abnormal sensation in eye AE 10000173 RR an eye AE with an outcome of an abnormal sensation in the eye impaired driving ability AE 10049564 RR a behavior and neurological AE which has an outcome of impaired driving ability increased bronchial secretion AE 10062530 a respiratory system AE that has an outcome of increased bronchial secretion, or an increase in the substance produced in the bronchial tree, which includes mucus, protein salts, plasma fluid, and proteins RR WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bronchial+secretion injection site streaking AE 10066778 RR WEB: http://www.bannerhealth.com/incfiles/housecalls/peds/FeverInfectionsCrying/ImmunizationReactions.htm an injection-site AE that displays injection site streaking, a red pattern on the skin localized to the injection site injection site vesicles AE 10022111 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003939.htm RR an injection-site AE that displays injection site streaking, which are small, fluid-filled blisters localized to the injection site international normalized ratio increased AE 10022402 10022595 NCIt: C78366 a lab test abnormal AE that has an outcome of an increased international normalized ratio, indicating an individual is more prone to bleeding INR increased AE WEB: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/126/5/e52.full CTCAE: E12175 RR, MW, YH irregular sleep phase AE 10022995 RR a sleep disorder AE with the outcome of irregular sleep phase, which is an abnormality in the timing of sleep WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/delayed-sleep-phase/basics/definition/con-20035242 injection site anesthesia AE 10022047 an injection-site AE that displays injection site anesthesia, or numbness at the injection site RR injection site infection AE 10022076 RR WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/infection an infection AE that occurs at an injection-site grip strength decreased AE 10062556 WEB: http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JLS/JLS-01-0-000-09-Web/JLS-01-1-000-09-Abst-PDF/JLS-01-01-057-09-020-Koley-S/JLS-01-01-057-09-020-Koley-S-Tt.pdf RR a behavior and neurological AE which has an outcome of decreased grip strength, or a reduction in the force applied by the hand to pull on or suspend from objects eyelid margin crusting AE 10052132 RR an eye AE with the outcome of eyelid margin crusting ear discomfort AE 10052137 WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/discomfort RR an ear AE with the outcome of ear discomfort, an uncomfortable or painful feeling in the ear fecal incontinence AE 10016092 10016296 NCIt: C78498 RR, MW, YH CTCAE: E10693 faecal incontinence AE WEB: http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/fecalincontinence/#what an abnormal defecation AE that has an outcome of fecal incontinence, the accidental passing of solid or liquid stool or mucus from the rectum fear AE 10016275 WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fear RR a behavior and neurological AE that has an outcome of fear, which is to be afraid and/or worried gingival pain AE 10018286 RR CTCAE: E10763 NCIt: C78325 a pain AE that has an outcome of pain in gums WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gingival glossitis AE 10018386 a tongue disorder with the outcome of glossitis, a condition in which the tongue is swollen and changes color, which may make the tongue appear smooth RR WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001053.htm muscle injury AE 10028314 an injury AE which has an outcome of muscle injury RR sensory disturbance AE 10040026 RR a sensory capability AE that has an outcome of sensory disturbance tracheal edema AE 10044296 an edema AE with an outcome of tracheal edema, which is the swelling of the airway between the throat and the lungs WEB: http://firstaidcalgary.ca/causes-of-tracheal-edema/ RR allergic eruption AE Allergic eruption AE is a skin AE that is most drug-induced cutaneous reactions, especially found in younger adults. Sometimes also be diagnosed with eczema. JX, LW, YH This term appears to be a synonym to the 'eczema AE'. 过敏性皮疹 erythrodermia AE 10037165 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythroderma Erythrodermia AE is a skin AE that is an inflammatory skin disease with erythema and scaling that affects nearly the entire cutaneous surface. 红皮病 exfoliative dermatitis AE red man syndrome AE dermatitis exfoliativa AE mycotic dermatitis AE 真菌性皮炎 Mycotic dermatitis is a dermatitis AE that is a inflammation of skin which induced by mycetes. JX, LW, YH peritendinitis symptom AE 腱鞘炎样症状 JX, LW, YH Peritendinitis symptom AE is an inflammation AE that has an outcome of inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced. orthostatic hypotension AE 10031127 orthostasis AE JX, LW, YH 直立性低血压 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthostatic_hypotension postural hypotension AE Orthostatic hypotension AE is a hypotension AE that is a form of hypotension in which a person's blood pressure falls when suddenly standing up or stretching. In medical terms, it is defined as a fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mm Hg when a person assumes a standing position. color vision deficiency AE chromatopsia AE Color vision deficiency AE is an abnormal vision AE that is a group of conditions that affect the perception of color. They cause a range of changes in color vision, from mild difficulty with distinguishing shades to a total inability to detect color. These conditions are divided into three major categories: red-green color vision defects, blue-yellow color vision defects, and a complete absence of color vision. 色视力缺乏 WEB: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/color-vision-deficiency JX, LW, YH carcinogenesis AE oncogenesis AE 致癌 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis Carcinogenesis AE is a tumor AE that is literally the 'creation' of cancer. It is a process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. JX, LW, YH tumorigenesis AE anaphylactic shock AE 10002199 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=10092 WEB: http://smschile.cl/documentos/cursos2010/MedicalClinicsNorthAmerica/Acute%20Symptoms%20of%20Drug%20Hypersensitivity%20%28Urticaria,%20Angioedema,%20Anaphylaxis,%20Anaphylactic%20Shock%29.pdf a circulatory AE that is a serious allergic reaction associated with systemic vasodilation that causes low blood pressure which is by definition 30% lower than the person's baseline or below standard values. 过敏性休克 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis JX, LW, YH, RR pituitary adenomas AE JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenoma Pituitary adenomas AE is a tumor AE that is a tumor which occur in the pituitary gland. Pituitary adenomas are generally divided into three categories dependent upon their biological functioning: benign adenoma, invasive adenoma, and carcinomas, with carcinomas accounting for 0.1% to 0.2%, approximately 35% being invasive adenomas and most being benign adenomas. Pituitary adenomas represent from 10% to 25% of all intracranial neoplasms and the estimated prevalence rate in the general population is approximately 17%. fatty infiltration AE 脂肪侵润 Fatty infiltration AE is an embolism AE that shows the abnormal accumulation of fat droplets in the cytoplasm of cells. WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fatty+infiltration JX, LW, YH epigastric discomfort AE 10053155 JX, LW, YH 上腹部不适 WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/epigastric_discomfort.htm Epigastric discomfort is a discomfort AE that shows discomfort in the upper central region of the abdomen. upper Abdominal discomfort AE acute intravascular hemolysis AE Acute intravascular hemolysis AE is a cardiovascular AE that has an outcome of disruption of red blood cells occurs while they are within blood vessels. JX, LW, YH 急性血管内溶血 allergic hepatitis AE 10071198 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/viral+hepatitis Allergic hepatitis AE is a hepatitis AE that is a tissue-specific inflammatory diease caused by hepersensitivity to a particular drug, accomopanied by a systemic allergic reaction such as eosinophilia. JX, LW, YH 过敏性肝炎 paranoid anxietas AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoid_anxiety Paranoid anxiety AE is a anxiety AE that is a term used in object relations theory, particularity in discussions about the Paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions. The term was frequently used by Melanie Klein, especially to refer to a pre-depressive and persecutory sense of anxiety characterised by the psychological splitting of objects. 偏执性焦虑 JX, LW, YH thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE 10043648 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpura CTCAE: E10061 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE is a thrombocytopenic purpura AE that is a rare disorder of the blood-coagulation system, causing extensive microscopic clots to form in the small blood vessels throughout the body. 血栓性血小板减少性紫癜 JX, LW, YH moschcowitz syndrome AE NCIt: C78797 glaucoma AE 10018304 Glaucoma AE is an eye AE that is a term describing a group of ocular (eye) disorders resulting in optic nerve damage or loss to the field of vision, in many patients caused by a clinically characterized pressure buildup in regards to the fluid of the eye (intraocular pressure-associated optic neuropathy). JX, LW, YH NCIt: C26782 青光眼 CTCAE: E10392 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma anaphylaxis AE 10002218 an allergy AE that shows a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. It typically causes a number of symptoms including an itchy rash, throat swelling, and low blood pressure. Common causes include insect bites and stings, foods, and medications. CTCAE: E11254 JX, LW, YH NCIt: C50460 过敏症 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphylaxis seasonal allergy AE 10048908 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/allergies/seasonal_allergies.html 季节性变态反应 an allergy AE which occur during certain times of the year, usually when outdoor molds release their spores, and trees, grasses, and weeds release tiny pollen particles into the air to fertilize other plants. hyponatremia AE 10021036 10021038 a blood sodium abnormal AE with an abnormally decreased sodium concentration in the blood hyponatraemia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12339 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/basics/definition/con-20031445 NCIt: C37976 skin redness AE Skin redness AE is an erythema AE that is abnormal redness of the skin, often signaling a pathological condition, such as inflammation, infection, or sunburn. JX, LW, YH 皮肤发红 WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/skin-redness angina AE 10002383 10008481 NCIt: C51221 DJ, SS, YH a chest pain that is caused when your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. chest pain - cardiac AE SIDER: C0002962 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23016723 CTCAE: E10110 HPO: HP_0001681 tight chest AE aggravating angina AE an angina AE that is aggravating. JX, YH severe hypotension caused angina symptom aggravating AE 严重低血压导致心绞痛症状加重现象 JX, YH an aggravating angina AE that is caused by severe hypotension blink reflex abnormal AE 10058960 an eye AE that shows abnormal involuntary blinking of the eyelids corneal reflex abnormal AE 睑闭反射反常 JX, LW, YH URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_reflex dazzling AE 目眩 Dazzling AE is a eye disorder AE that has an outcome of the consequence of illumination too intense for adaptation by the eye. In contrast to glare, dazzling is alleviated by appropriate tinted glasses. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dazzling JX, LW, YH ventricular rhythm AE 10047297 JX, LW, YH 室性心律 Ventricular rhythm AE is an arrhythmia AE that shows the electrocardiographic finding of an ectopic ventricular rhythm with three or more consecutive ventricular premature beats with a rate less than 100 beats per minute. extrapyramidal signs AE JX, LW, YH 锥体外体征 Extrapyramidal signs AE is a nervous system AE that shows defects in basal ganglia function. It characterized by changes in muscle tone, poverty of voluntary movements (akinesia), or abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia). hearing disorder AE 10019243 JX, LW, YH Hearing disorder AE is an ear disorder that shows impairment of the sense of hearing. 听觉障碍 yellow urine AE 尿液呈黄色 Yellow urine AE is a urine abnormality AE that may be due to excretion of picric acid, dinitrophenol, phenacetin or chrysarobin or in alkaline pH, to increased secretion of anthocyanin, or associated with ingestion of beets or blackberries. Pure yellow urine is associated with increased acriflavine and has a green fluorescence; yellow-orange urine may be highly concentrated or contain increased bilirubin and biliverdin. JX, LW, YH epidermal necrosis AE 10059284 Epidermal necrosis AE is a necrosis AE that shows widespread keratinocyte cell death via apoptosis results in the tissue damage. JX, LW, YH 表皮坏死 arthromeningitis AE JX, LW, YH 滑膜炎 Arthromeningitis AE is an inflammation AE that shows inflammation of a synovial membrane, usually painful, particularly on motion, and characterized by fluctuating swelling, due to effusion in a synovial sac. pulmonary tuberculosis AE 10037440 JX, LW, YH Pulmonary tuberculosis AE is a lung disorder AE that is a contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs. It may spread to other organs. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000077.htm coronary heart disease AE 10068617 Coronary heart disease AE is a cardiovascular disorder AE that is a disease in which a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/ 冠心病 increased defecation frequency AE Increased defecation frequency AE is a abnormal stool AE that shows defecation number increased. 大便次数增加 JX, LW, YH symptomatic hypotension AE Symptomatic hypotension AE is a hypotension AE that shows blood pressure that less than 90/60 mm Hg with dizziness, vertigo etc. 症状性低血压 JX, LW, YH non-specific gastrointestinal dysfunction AE Non-specific gastrointestinal dysfunction AE is a gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows non-specific gastrointestinal dysfunction. 非特异性胃肠功能紊乱 JX, LW, YH abnormal sclerotin AE 骨质异常 JX, LW, YH Abnormal sclerotin AE is a bone disorder AE that shows abnormal sclerotin. fast and weak heart beat AE JX, LW, YH Fast and weak heart beat AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows fast and weak heart beat. 心跳快而弱 pain over the liver AE JX, LW, YH 肝区痛 Pain over the liver AE is a pain AE that shows pain over the liver. increased biliary calculus AE 胆石增加 JX, LW, YH Increased biliary calculus AE is a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that shows increased biliary calculus. muscle function disorder AE 肌肉功能失调 Muscle function disorder AE is a muscle AE that shows muscle function disorder. JX, LW, YH accidental fall AE JX, LW, YH Accidental injury AE is a fall AE that shows accidental falls. 意外跌倒 accidental injury AE 10000380 意外损伤 JX, LW, YH Accidental injury AE is an injury AE that shows accidedntal injury. abnormal ejaculation AE 10000128 JX, LW, YH 异常射精 Abnormal ejaculation AE is a male reproductive system AE that shows abnormal ejaculation. distention of head AE Distention of head AE is a cardiovascular AE that shows distention of head. JX, LW, YH 头胀 water-sodium retention AE JX, LW, YH Water-sodium retention AE is an abnormal fluid regulation AE that shows water-sodium retention. 水钠潴留 WEB: http://www.livestrong.com/article/485782-sodium-retention-weight-gain/ dizziness when standing up AE 站起时头晕 Dizziness when standing up AE is a dizziness AE that shows dizziness when standing up. JX, LW, YH change of gustation AE Change of gustation AE is a gustatory system AE that shows the change of gustation. JX, LW, YH 味觉改变 vascular stimulation of pain AE 血管刺激性疼痛 Vascular stimulation of pain AE is a pain AE that shows pain which due to vascular stimulation. JX, LW, YH vascular pain AE 血管疼痛 JX, LW, YH Vascular pain AE is a pain AE that shows vascular pain. heaviness sense of arm AE Heaviness sense of arm AE is a sensation of heaviness AE that shows a sensation feeling of heaviness in the arm. JX, LW, YH 手臂沉重感 breast swelling AE 10006312 Breast swelling AE is an edema AE that is common for almost all women in the second half of their menstrual cycle. It in the premenstrual portion of the cycle can be mild to severe. 乳房肿胀 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/breast-swelling gastrointestinal cramp AE 10049136 JX, LW, YH Gastrointestinal cramp AE is a muscle spasm AE that shows abnormal contractions of the gastrointestinal muscles. 肠胃痉挛 heart discomfort AE Heart discomfort AE is a discomfort AE that shows an uncomfortable feeling in the heart. 心脏不适 JX, LW, YH angiectopia of skin AE JX, LW, YH Angiectopia of skin AE a vascular disorder AE that shows abnormal position or course of a vessel in the skin. 皮肤血管异位 joint discomfort AE 关节不适 JX, LW, YH Joint discomfort AE is a discomfort AE that shows an uncomfortable feeling in the joint. eye discomfort AE JX, LW, YH 眼部不适 Eye discomfort AE is a discomfort AE that shows an uncomfortable feeling in the eye. instability of gait AE 步态不稳 Instability of gait AE is a abnormal gait AE that shows instability of gait. JX, LW, YH pemphigoid injury AE Pemphigoid injury AE is an injury AE that shows a skin disorder where one has large blisters on the skin. JX, LW, YH 类天疱疮样损伤 pulse frequency change AE Pulse frequency change AE is a cardiovascular AE that shows dpulse frequency change. 脉搏频率变化 JX, LW, YH pulse abnormal AE inhibition of myocardial contraction force AE Inhibition of myocardial contraction force AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows inhibition of myocardial contraction force. JX, LW, YH 抑制心肌收缩力 decreased of atrial conduction velocity AE Decreased of atrial conduction velocity AE is a conduction system disorder AE that shows decreased of atrial conduction velocity. 心房传导速度减慢 JX, LW, YH spasm of lower limbs AE 下肢痉挛 JX, LW, YH Spasm of lower limbs AE is a muscle spasm AE that shows tightening and spasms of the muscles in the legs. electrocardiogram prolonged PR interval AE JX, LW, YH 心电图出现PR间期延长 Electrocardiogram prolonged PR interval AE is an electrocardiogram result abnormal AE that shows a prolonged time between the onset of atrial depolarization (P wave) to the beginning of ventricular depolarization (QRS complex). qrs wave broadening AE Qrs wave broadening AE is a electrocardiogram qrs complex abnormal AE that shows broadening qrs complex in the electrocardiogram. QRS波增宽 JX, LW, YH edema of lower limbs AE 下肢浮肿 JX, LW, YH Edema of lower limbs AE is an edema AE that shows enlargement of the leg, due to the accumulation of fluids. accelerated pulse AE 脉搏加快 Accelerated pulse AE is a cardiovascular AE that shows increased of the number of pulsations per minute palpable in an artery. JX, LW, YH bitter taste of mouth AE Bitter taste of mouth AE is a digestive system AE that is not from a bitter substance is a distorted sense of taste. A persistent bad taste in the mouth, whether bitter, metallic or foul, is called dysgeusia. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/bitter-taste-in-mouth 口苦 skin irritant reaction AE Skin irritant reaction AE is a skin AE that shows rash, inflammation, swelling, scaling, or abnormal tissue which growth in the affected area. 皮肤刺激反应 JX, LW, YH vitreous suspended substance AE Vitreous suspended substance AE is an eye AE shows vitreous suspended substance in the eyes. JX, LW, YH 玻璃体悬浮物 dreaminess AE Dreaminess AE is a sleep disorder AE that shows dreaminess in the sleeping. JX, LW, YH 多梦 abdominal spasm AE 10051889 WEB: http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-are-abdominal-spasms.htm Abdominal spasm AE is a muscle spasm AE that is typically a feeling of cramping in the abdomen caused by a rigid expansion of muscles. It can vary from mild discomfort to moderate or severe pain. JX, LW, YH 腹部痉挛 coronary contraction AE 冠状动脉收缩 Coronary contraction AE is a coronary artery disorder AE that shows coronary contraction. JX, LW, YH lower extremity edema caused by blood vessels AE 因血管扩张引起的下肢水肿 JX, LW, YH Lower extremity edema caused by blood vessels AE is an edema AE that shows excess fluid accumalated in the leg dut to blood vessels. asthenia of lower limbs AE JX, LW, YH Asthenia of lower limbs AE is a asthenia AE that occurs in the lower limbs. It is a condition typified by a weakness of voluntary movement. 下肢无力 small bronchial lumen occlusion AE JX, LW, YH Small bronchial lumen occlusion AE is a lung disorder AE that shows small bronchial lumen occlusion. 小支气管腔闭塞 prolonged orthostatic hypotension AE Prolonged orthostatic hypotension AE is a orthostatic hypotension AE that shows prolonged orthostatic hypotension. 延长体位性低血压时间 JX, LW, YH cross allergic reaction AE JX, LW, YH an allergy AE that shows produce cross or incomplete cross allergic reaction to similar medicinal chemistry structure. 交叉过敏反应 deep venous thrombophlebitis AE Deep venous thrombophlebitis AE is a thrombophlebitis AE that is causes by a blood clot blocking in the deep vein. 深静脉血栓静脉炎 JX, LW, YH change of hematology AE 血液学改变 JX, LW, YH Change of hematology AE is a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that shows the change of hematology. cardiac depression AE Cardiac depression AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows cardiac depression. 抑制心脏 JX, LW, YH side limb numbness AE JX, LW, YH 侧肢的麻木感 Side limb numbness AE is a numbness AE that shows reduced or loss of sensation on the skin of an arm and leg on the same side of the body. numbness of tongue AE Numbness of tongue AE is a numbness AE that shows abnormal feeling or loss of sensation in the tongue. JX, LW, YH 舌部麻木 numbness of the limbs AE JX, LW, YH Numbness of the limbs AE is a numbness AE that shows reduced or loss of sensation on the skin of the arm and leg. 肢体麻木 lip numbness AE JX, LW, YH 嘴唇发麻 Lip numbness AE is a numbness AE that shows abnormal feeling in the lips, including numbness and tingling. reflex Increased pulse rate AE 反射性脉率增加 Reflex Increased pulse rate AE is a cardiovascular AE that shows increased pulse rate. JX, LW, YH irritation of the digestive tract AE JX, LW, YH 消化道刺激 Irritation of the digestive tract AE is a digestive system AE that shows irritation of the digestive tract. unconscious chorea AE 不自觉舞蹈症 JX, LW, YH Unconscious chorea AE is a chorea AE that is characterized by brief, non-repetitive irregular muscle contractions. phlebectasia of limbs AE Phlebectasia of limbs AE is a vasodilatation AE that shows dilation of the veins in the extremity. 肢端静脉扩张 JX, LW, YH heart beat skip AE 漏跳 Heart beat skip AE is a irregular heartbeat AE which is sometimes called as either heart palpitation, or premature atrial or ventricular contraction are very common occurrences. They may or may not be accompanied by heart conditions or heart problems. WEB: http://ehealthwall.com/heart-skips-a-beat-causes-symptoms-treatment/ JX, LW, YH fatal liver cell necrosis AE JX, LW, YH 致命性肝细胞坏死 Fatal liver cell necrosis AE is a hepatic necrosis AE that has an outcome of fatal liver cell necrosis. warm and hot feeling in the neck AE Warm and hot feeling in the neck AE is a skini warm AE that shows warm and hot feeling in the neck. JX, LW, YH 颈感觉温热 facial warm feeling AE JX, LW, YH 面部感觉温热 Facial warm feeling AE is a skin warm AE that shows a warm feeling in the face. increased peripheral vascular resistance AE 外周血管阻力升高 Increased peripheral vascular resistance AE is a vascular disorder AE that shows increased peripheral vascular resistance, the degree to which the blood vessels impede the flow of blood. High resistance causes an increase in blood pressure, which increases the workload of the heart. JX, LW, YH venous ischemia AE JX, LW, YH Venous ischemia AE is an ischaemia AE that shows in insufficient blood supply in the vein. 静脉供血不足 increased blood creatine AE 血肌酸增加 JX, LW, YH Increased blood creatine AE is a metabolic and nutritional investigation result abnormal AE that shows an increased creatine level in blood. increased nonprotein nitrogen AE 非蛋白氮增加 Increased nonprotein nitrogen AE is an investigation result abnormal AE that shows increased nonprotein nitrogen, the nitrogenous constituents of the blood exclusive of the protein bodies, consisting of the nitrogen of urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, amino acids, polypeptides, and an undetermined part known as rest nitrogen. JX, LW, YH soft feces AE Soft feces AE is a abnormal stool AE that shows soft and shapeless of the feces. JX, LW, YH 软便 increased hepatic function AE Increased hepatic function AE is a hepatic function abnormal AE that shows the values of liver function tests (LFTs) high than the normal. JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/liver-function-test-lft 肝功能升高 knee pain AE 10023477 Knee pain AE is a pain AE that shows discomfort in the structures of both knees. Keen pain may be due to injury, inflammation or infection. 膝痛 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/knee-pain/basics/definition/CON-20029534 JX, LW, YH loss of libido AE 10024870 性欲丧失 JX, LW, YH Loss of libido AE is a libido disorder AE that shows loss of the desire for sexual interaction. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder over sedation AE Over sedation AE is a behavior and neurological AE that shows the over reduction of irritability or agitation. JX, LW, YH 过度镇静 finger tremor AE 手指强硬颤动 JX, LW, YH Finger tremor AE is a tremor AE that shows involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation in the finger. leg cramp AE JX, LW, YH Leg cramp AE is a muscle cramp AE that shows tightening, or spasms, of the muscles in the legs. 腿部痉挛 insomnia AE 10022437 a sleep disorder AE in which there is an inability to fall asleep or to stay asleep as long as desired. SIDER: C0917801 YH, MW HPO: HP_0002360 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia CTCAE: E12925 Insomnia is a symptom of a sleeping disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity. Insomnia is a symptom, not a stand-alone diagnosis or a disease. terminal insomnia AE 10068932 matutinal insomnia AE JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-terminal-insomnia.htm Terminal insomnia AE is a insomnia AE that is a medical condition affecting sleep patterns. Typically, people who suffer from terminal insomnia wake up after only four to five hours of sleep. For those afflicted, getting back to sleep can be difficult, resulting in fatigue, irritability, and lack of concentration. 早醒 bone marrow granuloma AE 10066816 Bone marrow granuloma AE is a bone marrow disorder AE that shows an organized collection of macrophages in the bone marrow. 骨髓肉芽肿 JX, LW, YH cholestatic liver injury AE 10067969 JX, LW ,YH 胆汁郁积性肝损伤 Cholestatic liver injury AE is a liver damage AE that shows buildup of bile acids in hepatocytes, then causes hepatocellular injury. distant heart sounds AE 心音遥远 JX, LW, YH Distant heart sounds AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows distant heart sounds. pink skin AE Pink skin AE is a skin AE that shows pink skin. 皮肤粉红 JX, LW, YH acute laryngeal edema AE 10066705 急性喉头水肿 JX, LW, YH Acute laryngeal edema AE is an edema AE that shows acute laryngeal edema, abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of any part of the larynx, commonly associated with laryngeal injuries and allergic reactions. hypoplastic bone marrow AE 骨髓发育不全 Hypoplastic bone marrow AE is a bone marrow disorder AE that shows insufficient blood stem cells in the marrow. JX, LW, YH bleeding and coagulation disorders AE JX, LW, YH Bleeding and coagulation disorders AE is a hematopoietic system AE that shows bleeding and coagulation disorders. 出凝血功能障碍 polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE 10036095 多行性室性心动过速 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.healthguideinfo.com/arrhythmias-heart-palpitations/p110132/ Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE is a ventricular tachycardia AE that is an abnormally fast heart rhythm starting in the ventricles, the lower chambers of the heart. monomorphic ventricular tachycardia AE 10058185 Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia AE is a ventricular tachycardia AE that is a type of tachycardia which has a uniform beat-to-beat QRS morphology. 单行性室性心动过速 JX, LW, YH respiratory tract symptoms AE JX, LW, YH 呼吸道症状 Respiratory tract symptoms AE is a respiratory system AE that is a series of discomforts which occurs in respiratory tract. clammy skin AE Clammy skin AE is a skin AE that occurs when the skin turns cooler than normal and is moist, despite a cooler surface temperature. Clammy skin is often pale. 皮肤湿冷 WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/clammy-skin JX, LW, YH abnormal visual accommodation AE Abnormal visual accommodation AE is an abnormal vision AE that shows abnormal visual accommodation. Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. JX, LW, YH 视调节异常 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_%28eye%29 skin allergy AE 皮肤过敏 an allergy AE that shows swelling and irritation of the skin, caused by an allergy to a substance in the environment. JX, LW, YH heaviness of the head AE 10049121 JX, LW, YH 头重感 Heaviness of the head AE is a sensation of heaviness AE that shows a sensation feeling of heaviness in the head. rheumatoid factor positive AE 10039080 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003548.htm Rheumatoid factor positive AE is an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that shows positive of the rheumatoid factor. Rheumatoid factor is a blood test that measures the amount of the RF antibody in the blood. JX, LW, YH 类风湿因子阳性 retinal detachment AE 10038848 CTCAE: E10420 JX, LW, YH 视网膜脱离 NCIt: C26874 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/retinal_detachment/article.htm NCIT: C26874 Retinal detachment AE is an eye AE that is a separation of the retina from its attachments to the underlying tissue within the eye. arm pain AE Arm pain AE is a pain AE that shows discomfort in the structures of the arm. It can be caused by a wide variety of problems, ranging from joint injuries to compressed nerves. 手臂疼痛 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/arm-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050870 peripheric paresthesia AE JX, LW, YH 外周感觉异常 Peripheric paresthesia AE is a paresthesia AE that shows paresthesia in the peripheric area. edema of glottis AE JX, LW, YH Edema of glottis AE is an edema AE that is a swelling caused by fluid accumulation in the soft tissues of the larynx. The condition, usually inflammatory, may result from an infection, injury, allergy, or inhalation of toxic substances. 声门肿胀 prolonged qrs complex AE QRS时间延长 Prolonged qrs complex AE is a electrocardiogram qrs complex abnormal AE that shows qrs complex prolonged. The QRS complex is a name for the combination of three of the graphical deflections seen on a typical electrocardiogram. JX, LW, YH prolonged bleeding time AE 出血时间延长 JX, LW, YH Prolonged bleeding time AE is a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that shows prolonged time for small blood vessels in the skin close to stop from bleeding. acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis AE 10062372 急性全身性浓疱病 pustular drug eruption AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_generalized_exanthematous_pustulosis toxic pustuloderma AE JX, LW, YH Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis AE is a skin AE that is a not uncommon cutaneous reaction pattern that in 90% of cases is related to medication administration, characterized by a sudden eruption that appears on average five days after the medication is started. upper and lower limbs flare AE Upper and lower limbs flare AE is an edema AE that shows edema in the upper and lower limbs, which is an accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues. JX, LW, YH 上下肢红肿 abnormal blood sugar with empty stomach AE Abnormal blood sugar with empty stomach AE is a blood glucose level abnormal AE that shows abnormal blood glucose level with empty stomach. 空腹时血糖异常 JX, LW, YH increased blood sugar with empty stomach AE JX, LW, YH Increased blood sugar with empty stomach AE is blood glucose level decreased AE that shows an increased glucose level in blood with empty stomach. 空腹时血糖升高 hydrochloric acid in gastric juice secretion increased AE Hydrochloric acid in gastric juice secretion increased AE is a gastric disorder AE that shows increased gastric acid. JX, LW, YH 胃酸分泌增多 torsades de pointes AE 10044067 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsades_de_pointes 扭转性室速 Torsades de pointes AE is a ventricular tachycardia AE that is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that exhibits distinct characteristics on the electrocardiogram. proximal myasthenia AE 近端肌无力 Proximal myasthenia AE is a myasthenia AE that shows proximal myasthenia. Myasthenia represents myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigability. JX, LW, YH dilated skin vessels AE JX, LW, YH Dilated skin vessels AE is a vasodilatation AE that shows vasodilatation in the skin, which refers to the widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls, particularly in the large arteries, smaller arterioles and large veins. 皮肤血管扩张 numbness of oral mucosa AE Numbness of oral mucosa AE is a numbness AE that shows an abnormal feeling or loss of sensation in the oral mucosa. JX, LW, YH 口腔黏膜发麻 orthostatic dizziness AE 10031125 Orthostatic dizziness AE is a dizziness AE that shows dizziness provocation by sudden postural change. 体位性头晕 JX, LW, YH acid reflux AE 10066872 Acid reflux AE is a digestive system AE that shows the acid and pepsin secreted in the stomach back up in to the esophagus. 反酸 JX, LW, YH jugular phlebectasia AE JX, LW, YH 颈静脉扩张 Jugular phlebectasia AE is a vasodilatation AE that is an isolated saccular or fusiform dilation of a vein without tortuosity. WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3708235/ laryngeal edema AE 10023838 laryngeal oedema AE NCIt:C79607 Laryngeal edema AE is an edema AE that shows abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of any part of the larynx, commonly associated with laryngeal injuries and allergic reactions. JX, LW, YH, MW CTCAE:E13393 喉肿胀 flatus AE 10016769 排气 Flatus AE is a digestive system AE that shows gas or air expelled through the anus. JX, LW, YH continuous polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE JX, LW, YH 连续性多形性室性心动过速 Continuous polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE that shows polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is constantly. intermittent polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE Continuous polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia AE that shows polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is intermittent. 间歇性多形性室性心动过速 JX, LW, YH aggravated ulcer AE JX, LW, YH Aggravated ulcer AE is a ulcer AE that shows aggravated ulcer. 溃疡加重 heart failure increased AE JX, LW, YH Heart failure increased AE is a cardiovascular disorder AE that shows aggravated heart failure. 心脏衰竭加重 aggravated angina symptoms AE JX, LW, YH 心绞痛症状加剧 Aggravated angina symptoms AE is a angina pectoris AE that shows aggravated angina symptoms. aggravated renal injury AE 肾损害加剧 JX, LW, YH Aggravated renal injury AE is a renal impairment AE that shows aggravated renal injury. aggravated fatigue AE Aggravated fatigue AE is a fatigue AE that shows aggravated fatigue. JX, LW, YH 脱力感加重 persistent nausea AE JX, LW, YH 持续恶心 WEB: http://www.all4naturalhealth.com/persistent-nausea.html Persistent nausea AE is a nausea AE that shows constant nausea. Nausea is considered "persistent" if it continues for more than 2 days, or keeps recurring even after treatment. aggravated Raynaud's syndrome AE JX, LW, YH Aggravated Raynaud's syndrome AE is a Raynaud's syndrome AE that shows aggravated Raynaud's syndrome. Raynaud综合征加重 increased gastric acid secretion with high dose AE Increased gastric acid secretion with high dose AE is a gastric disorder AE that shows increased gastric acid secretion with high dose. JX, LW, YH 高剂量时胃酸分泌增加 persistent vomiting AE 10034716 Persistent vomiting AE is a vomiting AE that occurs frequently throughout the day and is often triggered by even small meals. WEB: http://www.healthhype.com/persistent-and-recurrent-vomiting-emesis-in-adults-and-children.html JX, LW, YH 持续呕吐 hypoacusis AE 10048865 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hypoacusis Hypoacusis AE is a hearing disorder AE that shows partial or complete loss of the ability to detect or understand sounds resulting from damage to the outer, middle, or inner ear structures. Causes include exposure to loud noise, ear infections, injuries to the ear, genetic, and congenital disorders. JX, LW, YH 突发听力减退 lip cyanosis AE Lip cyanosis AE is a cyanosis AE that is a condition in which the lips have a bluish discoloration due to a lack of oxygen in the tissues. 嘴唇发紫 WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/lip_cyanosis.htm JX, LW, YH nail cyanosis AE JX, LW, YH Nail cyanosis AE is a cyanosis AE that shows a dark bluish or purple nail resulting from deficient oxygenation of the blood. 指甲青紫 renal insufficiency AE UMLS ID: C0859242 This term appears to be a synonym to the 'renal failure AE'. JX, LW, YH Renal dysfunction AE is a kidney AE that has an outcome of reduced capacity to excrete metabolic products which accumulate systemically and are detectable clinicopathologically by renal function tests. The early stage of uremia. 肾功能障碍 hepatic and renal function disorder AE hemolysis AE 10019491 NCIt: C37965 JX, LW, YH 溶血 CTCAE: E10037 Hemolysis AE is a hematopoietic system AE that is the rupturing of erythrocytes (red blood cells) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysis lip angioedema AE 唇血管神经性水肿 JX, LW, YH Lip angioedema AE is a angioedema AE that shows lip angioedema, which is the rapid swelling (edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues. tongue angioedema AE JX, LW, YH 舌血管神经性水肿 Tongue angioedema AE is a angioedema AE that shows tongue angioedema, which is the rapid swelling (edema) of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues. acousma AE 幻听 JX, LW, YH Acousma AE is a sensory capability AE that shows a hallucinatory impression of strange sounds. eye burning AE JX, LW, YH Eye burning AE is a eye AE that shows a feeling of burning in the eye. 眼睛灼烧感 worsening renal function AE Worsening renal function AE is a kidney AE that shows worsening renal function. JX, LW, YH 肾功能恶化 mild change of hematology AE Mild change of hematology AE is a change of hematology AE that shows mild change of hematology. JX, LW, YH 轻度的血液学改变 moderate change of hematology AE JX, LW, YH 中度的血液学改变 Moderate change of hematology AE is a change of hematology AE that shows moderate change of hematology. severe lower blood pressure AE Severe lower blood pressure AE is a hypotension AE that shows severe sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states. significantly decreased blood pressure AE 严重的血压降低 JX, LW, YH elevated blood transaminase reversibility AE JX, LW, YH Elevated blood transaminase reversibility AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase reversibly. 血氨基转移酶可逆性升高 mild gastrointestinal tract reaction AE 轻度胃肠道反应 JX, LW, YH Mild gastrointestinal tract reaction AE is a gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows a mild gastrointestinal disorder. temporary abdominal distention AE JX, LW, YH Temporary abdominal distention AE is a abdominal distension AE that shows a temporary sensation of elevated abdominal pressure and volume. 暂时性腹胀 transient nausea AE JX, LW, YH 暂时性恶心 Transient nausea AE is a nausea AE that is a gastric discomfort associated with the inclination to vomit. persistent tachycardia AE JX, LW, YH 持续心动过速 Persistent tachycardia AE is a tachycardia AE that is an increased heart rate that exceeds the normal range for a resting heartrate (heartrate in an inactive or sleeping individual). It's a constant process. mild headache AE JX, LW, YH 轻度头痛 Mild headache AE is a headache AE that shows mild headache. transient hypoxemia AE Transient hypoxemia AE is a hypoxia AE that is a reduced concentration of O2 in the blood, alveoli or other tissues resulting in the decreased pressure of this component of body gases. JX, LW, YH 瞬态低氧血症 transient neuroticism AE Transient neuroticism AE is a neuroticism AE that is a type of personality trait that contrasts adjustment or emotional stability with maladjustment. Experience of anxiety, anger, disgust, sadness, embarrassment, and a variety of other negative emotions. JX, LW, YH 瞬态神经质 constant irritability AE 持续烦躁 Constant irritability AE is a irritability AE that shows in the patient being easily annoyed/irritated constantly. JX, LW, YH abnormal atony AE JX, LW, YH Abnormal atony AE is a asthenia AE that is a medical term denoting symptoms of physical weakness and loss of strength. 异常无力 secondary hypotension AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_hypertension 继发性高血压 Secondary hypotension AE is a hypotension AE that is a type of hypertension which by definition is caused by an identifiable underlying secondary cause. JX, LW, YH transient elevated serum transaminase AE 瞬时血清转氨酶升高 Transient elevated serum transaminase AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase transiently. JX, LW, YH transient elevated blood urea nitrogen AE Transient elevated blood urea nitrogen AE is a blood urea level increased AE that shows a transient increase in amount of urea in blood. JX, LW, YH 瞬时血尿素氮升高 apparent increased blood creatine phosphokinase AE JX, LW, YH Apparent increased blood creatine phosphokinase AE is a blood creatine phosphokinase level increased AE that is characterized by an apparent increased level of creatine phosphokinase or phosphocreatine kinase. 明显的血肌酸磷酸激酶增高 severe rhabdomyolysis AE Severe rhabdomyolysis AE is a rhabdomyolysis AE that shows in severe damaged skeletal muscle tissue breaks down rapidly. 严重的横纹肌溶解症 JX, LW, YH mild gastrointestinal bleeding AE JX, LW, YH Mild gastrointestinal bleeding AE is a gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE that shows mild gastrointestinal hemorrhage. 胃肠道轻微出血 occult gastrointestinal tract bleeding AE 胃肠道隐匿性出血 Occult gastrointestinal tract bleeding AE is a gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE that shows occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage. JX, LW, YH nitrate headache AE JX, LW, YH 硝酸盐性头痛 Nitrate headache AE is a headache AE that that is a special headache induced by nitrate. pantomorphia erythema exudativum AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_multiforme JX, LW, YH Pantomorphia erythema exudativum AE is a skin AE that is a skin condition of unknown cause, possibly mediated by deposition of immune complex (mostly IgM) in the superficial microvasculature of the skin and oral mucous membrane that usually follows an infection or drug exposure. It is an uncommon disorder, with peak incidence in the second and third decades of life. 多形性渗出性红斑 high hypodynamia AE High hypodynamia AE is a fatigue AE that is a state of awareness describing a range of afflictions, usually associated with physical and/or mental weakness, though varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work-induced burning sensation within one's muscles. Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities. 高度乏力 JX, LW, YH short-time nausea AE JX, LW, YH 短暂的恶心 Short-time nausea AE is a nausea AE that shows a gastric discomfort associated with the inclination to vomit. slightly increased aspartic transaminase AE Slightly increased aspartic transaminase AE is a aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that shows a slightly increased amount of AST which is an enzyme normally present in body tissues especially of the heart and liver, JX, LW, YH 门冬氨酸氨基转移酶轻度升高 slightly increased alanine aminotransferase AE Slightly increased alanine aminotransferase AE is a alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase slightly. JX, LW, YH 丙氨酸氨基转移酶轻度升高 slightly increased lactic dehydrogenase AE 乳酸脱氢酶轻度升高 JX, LW, YH Slightly increased lactic dehydrogenase AE is a blood lactate dehydrogenase level increased AE that shows a slightly increased amount of LDH which is an enzyme that could indicate tissue damage. slightly increased alkaline phosphatase AE JX, LW, YH Slightly increased alkaline phosphatase AE is a blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE that shows elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase slightly. 碱性磷酸酶轻度升高 slightly increased glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase AE 谷草转氨酶轻度升高 Slightly increased glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase AE is a aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that shows a slightly increased amount of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in the heart and liver. JX, LW, YH slightly increased glutamic pyruvic transaminase AE Slightly increased glutamic pyruvic transaminase AE is a alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that shows eelevated levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase in the liver. JX, LW, YH 谷丙转氨酶轻度升高 transient ischemic stroke AE 暂时性缺血性中风 Transient ischemic stroke AE is a ischemic stroke AE that occurs when a blood vessel that supplies the brain becomes blocked or "clogged" and impairs blood flow to part of the brain. JX, LW, YH evidently increased hepatic lipase AE 肝酶显著增加 JX, LW, YH Evidently increased hepatic lipase AE is a hepatic enzyme increased AE that shows an evidently increase in amount of hepatic enzyme in body, commonly includes ALT and AST. It may indicate inflammation or damage to liver cells. mild decline in blood pressure AE JX, LW, YH 血压轻度下降 Mild decline in blood pressure AE is a hypotension AE that shows mild sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states. transient cerebral ischemic attacks AE Transient cerebral ischemic attacks AE is a cerebral ischemia AE that shows the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood flow. 短暂脑缺血发作 JX, LW, YH transient hypotension AE JX, LW, YH Transient hypotension AE is a hypotension AE that shows transient sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states. 瞬时低血压 obviously decreased blood pressure AE 血压明显下降 JX, LW, YH significantly decreased blood pressure AE Obviously decreased blood pressure AE is a hypotension AE that shows obviously sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states. transient dizzy AE Transient dizzy AE is a dizziness AE that shows transient dizziness. JX, LW, YH 瞬时头晕 short-time hepatic function disorder AE Short-time hepatic function disorder AE is a hepatic function abnormal AE that shows a short-time abnormal functionality of the liver. 短暂肝功能异常 JX, LW, YH a slightly elevated plasma creatinine level AE 血浆肌酐水平的轻微升高 JX, LW, YH A slightly elevated plasma creatinine level AE is a blood creatinine level increased AE that shows an slightly increased level of creatinine in the blood (due to lack of kidney activity). sudden fall of blood pressure AE 血压突然降低 JX, LW, YH Sudden fall of blood pressure AE is a hypotension AE that shows sudden sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states. severe hypertension AE Severe hypertension AE is a hypotension AE that shows severe sustained high blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states. 严重高血压 JX, LW, YH severe arrhythmia AE 严重心律失常 JX, LW, YH Severe arrhythmia AE is an arrhythmia AE that shows severe abnormal heart rhythm. clinically significant rise of serum transaminase AE 血清转氨酶有临床显著升高 Clinically significant rise of serum transaminase AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase significantly. JX, LW, YH instantaneous sand-blind AE 瞬时视觉模糊 JX, LW, YH Instantaneous sand-blind AE is a vision blurred AE that shows in instantaneous unclear vision. moderately increased urinary nitrogen AE Moderately increased urinary nitrogen AE is a blood urea level increased AE that shows a moderately increase in amount of urea in blood. JX, LW, YH 尿素中度升高 slightly increased urinary nitrogen AE 尿素水平轻微升高 JX, LW, YH Slightly increased urinary nitrogen AE is a blood urea level increased AE that shows a slightly increase in amount of urea in blood. moderately elevated serum creatinine AE Moderately elevated serum creatinine AE is a blood creatinine level increased AE that shows an moderately increased level of creatinine in the blood (due to lack of kidney activity). JX, LW, YH 血肌酐中度升高 slightly increased aminotransferase AE 轻度氨基转氨酶升高 JX, LW, YH Slightly increased aminotransferase AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows slightly elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. severe dizziness AE Severe dizziness AE is a dizziness AE that shows severe dizziness. 严重眩晕 JX, LW, YH mild abdominal discomfort AE JX, LW, YH 轻微腹部不适 Mild abdominal discomfort AE is a abdominal discomfort AE that shows a mild stomach ache. serum potassium concentration of moderately reduced 血清钾浓度的轻度降低 JX, LW, YH, MW A blood potassium decreased quality where the amount of potassium in the blood is moderately decreased. rebound Increased blood pressure AE 反跳性血压升高 JX, LW, YH Rebound Increased blood pressure AE is a hypertension AE that shows rebound sustained high blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states. excessive lowering of blood pressure AE Excessive lowering of blood pressure AE is a hypotension AE that shows excessive sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states. JX, LW, YH 血压过度降低 short-time increased blood sugar AE Short-time increased blood sugar AE is a blood glucose level increased AE that shows a short-time increased glucose level in blood. 短暂血糖升高 JX, LW, YH mild nausea AE JX, LW, YH 轻度恶心 Mild nausea AE is a nausea AE that shows mild nausea. significant and persistent rise of serum transaminase AE Significant and persistent rise of serum transaminase AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase significantly and persistently. 血清氨基转移酶显著和持续性升高 JX, LW, YH elevated serum transaminase reversibility AE JX, LW, YH Elevated serum transaminase reversibility AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase reversibly. 血清氨基转移酶可逆性升高 reversible increased creatine phosphokinase AE JX, LW, YH Reversible increased creatine phosphokinase AE is a blood creatine phosphokinase level increased AE that is characterized by an reversible increased level of creatine phosphokinase or phosphocreatine kinase. 肌酸磷酸激酶可逆性升高 persistent and significant increase of serum transaminase AE Persistent and significant increase of serum transaminase AE is a transaminase level increased AE that shows elevated levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase significantly and persistently. 血清转氨酶显著和持续性升高 JX, LW, YH severe bradycardia AE 严重心动过缓 JX, LW, YH Severe bradycardia AE is a bradycardia AE that shows in a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minutes (BPM). apparent hypotensive reaction AE 显著的低血压反应 JX, LW, YH Apparent hypotensive reaction AE is a hypotension AE that shows apparent sustained low blood pressure at a level that is likely to result in cardiovascular disease and/or other pathological states. severe skin flush AE 显著皮肤潮红 Severe skin flush AE is a hot flush AE that shows severe hot flush. JX, LW, YH transient sinus cardiac arrest AE Transient sinus cardiac arrest AE is a sinus arrest AE that shows an electrocardiographic finding of transient impulse formation failure in the sinus node. JX, LW, YH 瞬时窦性停搏 low-grade gastralgia AE JX, LW, YH 轻度胃痛 Low-grade gastralgia AE is a stomacheache AE that shows a low-grade painful sensation in the stomach. severe headache AE Severe headache AE is a headache AE that shows severe headache. 严重头痛 JX, LW, YH persistent headache AE JX, LW, YH Persistent headache AE is a headache AE that shows persistent headache. 持续头痛 proarrhythmic effect AE 10036766 Proarrhythmic effect AE is an arrhythmia AE that is a new or more frequent occurrence of pre-existing arrhythmias, paradoxically precipitated by antiarrhythmic therapy, which means it is a side effect associated with the administration of some existing antiarrhythmic drugs, as well as drugs for other indications. In other words, it is a tendency of antiarrhythmic drugs to facilitate emergence of new arrhythmias. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proarrhythmia arhythmia auxo-action AE JX, LW, YH 致心律失常 acidosis AE 10000486 10005706 CTCAE:E12237 a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that has an outcome of acidosis, i.e., too much acid in the body fluids. URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001181.htm Blood pH Decreased YH, SJ, MW NCIt:C28228 increased tendency of biliary calculus AE 胆石增加的趋势 JX, LW, YH Increased tendency of biliary calculus AE is a liver, biliary, and pancreatic AE that shows an increased tendency of biliary calculus. temporarily lose consciousness AE JX, LW, YH 暂时失去知觉 Temporarily lose consciousness AE is a sensory capability AE that shows temporarily lose consciousness. increase breast cancer occurrence AE Increase breast cancer occurrence AE is a breast cancer AE that shows increase breast cancer occurrence. 乳腺癌发生增加 JX, LW, YH anticholinergic effect AE 经讯号传导阻断效应 JX, LW, YH WEB: http://ibs.about.com/od/glossary/g/Anticholeffect.htm Anticholinergic effect AE is a conduction system disorder AE that is physical symptoms resulting from agents that counter the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter (chemical within the nervous system) that is involved in many major bodily functions. These anticholinergic effects typically include constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, dizziness, and slowing of urination. acquired diaphragmatic eventration AE 10000486 a musculoskeletal system AE that has an outcome of diaphragmatic muscle replaced by fibroelestic tissue. The diaphragm retains its continuity and attachments to the costal margin. However, the weakened hemidiaphragm is displaced into the thorax, which can compromise breathing. URL: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/eventration-of-the-diaphragm-in-infants SJ, YH neutrophilopenia AE 中性白细胞减少 Neutrophilopenia AE is a neutrophil count decreased AE that shows the number of neutrophil is decreased. JX, LW, YH abnormal leucocyte neutrophil AE JX, LW, YH Abnormal leucocyte neutrophil AE is a neutrophil percentage abnormal AE that shows abnormal leucocyte neutrophil. 嗜中性白细胞异常 abnormal eosinocyte AE 嗜酸性粒细胞异常 Abnormal eosinocyte AE is an eosinophil count abnormal AE that shows abnormal eosinocyte. JX, LW, YH eosinopenia AE 10014940 JX, LW, YH 嗜酸细胞减少症 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinopenia Eosinopenia AE is an eosinophil count abnormal AE that is a form of agranulocytosis where the number of eosinophil granulocytes is lower than expected. aggravated peptic ulcer AE Aggravated peptic ulcer AE is a duodenal ulcer AE that shows aggravated peptic ulcer. 消化性溃疡加重 JX, LW, YH local tissue necrosis AE JX, LW, YH 局部组织坏死 Local tissue necrosis AE is a necrosis AE that shows local tissue necrosis. acute myocardial infarction AE 10000891 SJ, YH a cardiac disorder AE that is characterized by a necrosis of the myocardium caused by diminished blood supply to the heart URL: http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/cardiology/acute-myocardial-infarction/ acute adrenal crisis AE 10001389 an endocrine system AE that results in a life threatening condition due to a lack of cortisol produced by the adrenal glands URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000357.htm SJ, YH allodynia AE 10053552 URL http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422%2814%2970102-4/abstract a pain AE that results in pain from a stimulus that does not usually provoke pain YH, SJ amniotic fluid embolism AE 10001977 an embolism AE in which amniotic fluid, fetal cells, hair or other debris enter the maternal circulation resulting in cardiorespiratory collapse SJ, YH WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/253068-overview Anaphylactoid Syndrome of Pregnancy diabetic amyotrophy AE 10002027 a muscular weakness AE that has an outcome of weakness followed by wasting of muscles, and excruciating pain in the muscles of the thigh, hip, and buttocks proximal diabetic neuropathy diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy YH, SJ diabetic polyradiculoneuropathy anesthetic complication AE 10060938 SJ, YH WEB: https://www.dha.gov.ae/EN/Facilities/Hospitals/RashidHospital/SpecializedMedicalService/ClinicalServices/Anesthesiologyandinterventionalpain/pages/sideeffects.aspx an adverse drug event that results in unexpected and unwanted events due to anesthetic drug treatment anal fistula AE 10002156 CTCAE: E10464 an anus AE that results in the development of a small channel between the end of the bowel and the skin near the anus WEB: http://www.webmd.boots.com/digestive-disorders/anal-fistula NCIt: C60785 SJ, YH postoperative anemia AE 10054312 SJ, YH postoperative anemia AE is an anemia AE that occurs when a patient with acute bleeding loses enough blood to become anemic bleeding and acute blood loss anemia WEB: http://www.acphospitalist.org/archives/2012/02/coding.htm anger AE 10002368 SJ, YH WEB: http://apa.org/topics/anger/index.aspx a behavior and neurological AE that results in antagonism toward someone or something you feel has deliberately done you wrong: excessive anger can cause problems including increased blood pressure and other physical changes that make it difficult to think straight and can harm your physical and mental health. adhesion AE 10059837 SJ, YH URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesion_%28medicine%29 a musculoskeletal system AE that results in the formation of fibrous band between tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery pseudobulbar affect AE 10054196 YH, SJ emotional incontinence labile affect a crying abnormal AE that refers to a neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary crying or uncontrollable episodes of crying and/or laughing, or other emotional displays emotional lability WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudobulbar_affect angiopathy AE 10059245 macroangiopathy SJ, YH cardiovascular AE that results in disease of the arteries, veins, and capillaries microangiopathy WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6853 microangiopathy AE 10062198 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6853 a cardiovascular AE that results in the walls of small blood vessels becoming so thick and weak that they bleed, leak protein, and slow the flow of blood SJ, YH macroangiopathy AE 10054805 SJ, YH WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6853 cerebrovascular disease peripheral vascular disease a cardiovascualr AE that results in the build up of fat and blood clots in the large blood vessels, stick to the vessel walls, and block the flow of blood coronary artery disease ankyloglossia AE 10049244 SJ, YH a muscle AE that results in a congenital anomaly in which a short, lingual frenulum or a highly-attached genioglossus muscle restricts tongue movement tongue-tie WEB: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/ankyloglossia-tongue-tie-in-infants-and-children anorectal disorder AE 10002644 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Anorectal+Disorders a digestive system AE that results in a group of medical disorders that occur at the junction of the anal canal and the rectum SJ, YH antepartum hemorrhage AE 10055228 YH, SJ WEB: https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/gtg63_05122011aph.pdf a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding from or in to the genital tract, occurring from 24 weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby. apallic syndrome AE 10002941 SJ, YH Brain damage AE that results in a persistent vegetative state WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/apallic_syndrome/intro.htm APGAR score low AE 10002944 10062552 APGAR is a quick test performed on a neonate at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. The 1-minute score determines how well the baby tolerated the birthing process. The 5-minute score tells the doctor how well the baby is doing outside the mother's womb. Any score lower than 7 is a sign that the baby needs medical attention. The lower the score, the more help the baby needs to adjusting outside the mother's womb YH, SJ WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003402.htm aphasia AE 10002948 a brain disorder AE that causes a person to lose the ability to communicate. Aphasia can affect the ability to express and understand language, both verbal and written. Aphasia typically occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury, but it can also come on gradually from a slowly growing brain tumor or a degenerative disease WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aphasia/basics/definition/con-20027061 SJ, YH arachnoid cyst AE 10049005 SJ, YH WEB:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnoid_cyst a tumor AE that results in pouches of cerebrospinal fluid covered by arachnoidal cells and collagen that may develop between the surface of the brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane arachnoiditis AE 10003074 CTCAE:E12591 SJ, YH, MW NCIt:C37913 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnoiditis a brain disorder AE that causes inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes known as meninges that surround and protect the nerves of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. arrested labor AE 10003118 SJ, YH A pregnancy AE that results in an interruption in the labor process that is associated with uterine contractions. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arrested+labor supraventricular arrhythmia AE 10003130 atrial arrhythmia an arrhythmia AE that is characterized by shortness of breath, heart palpitations, chest tightness, and a very fast pulse. Supraventricular arrhythmias begin in the areas above the heart’s lower chambers, such as the upper chambers (the atria) or the atrial conduction pathways. WEB: http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/cond/arrhycat.cfm SJ, YH coronary arteriospasm AE 10003225 a cardiac disorder AE which causes a spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries coronary artery spasm coronary artery vasospasm SJ, YH coronary vasospasm WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0010073/pt arthrofibrosis AE 10058029 joint range of motion decreased AE caused by an excessive amount of scar tissue forming within the joint and surrounding soft tissue spaces SJ, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrofibrosis arteriosclerosis AE 10003210 arteriosclerosis AE is a cardiovascular AE that results in blood vessels and arteries becoming thick and stiff which can restrict blood flow to organs and tissues. SJ, YH WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis/basics/definition/con-20026972 atherosclerosis AE 10003601 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/arteriosclerosis-atherosclerosis/basics/definition/con-20026972 SJ, YH atheroslcerosis AE is a specific arteriosclerosis AE that refers to the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on artery walls which can restrict blood flow. atrial tachycardia AE 10003668 10034040 CTCAE: E10166 paroxysmal atrial tachycardia paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia WEB: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Arrhythmia/AboutArrhythmia/Tachycardia-Fast-Heart-Rate_UCM_302018_Article.jsp# SJ, YH supraventricular tachycardia atrial tachycardia AE is a tachycardia AE that results in a fast heart rate beginning in the upper chambers of the heart NCIt: C34900 blood cortisol increased AE 10005458 blood cortisol decreased AE may indicate that the patient has cushing disease, ectopic cushing syndrome, or a tumor of the adrenal gland that is producing too much cortisol. SJ, YH a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in high blood cortisol levels URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003693.htm idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura AE 10050245 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/idiopathic-thrombocytopenic-purpura/basics/definition/con-20034239 a cardiovascular disorder AE that results in easy or excessive bruising and bleeding. The bleeding results from unusually low levels of platelets. immune thrombocytopenic purpura SJ, YH bladder pain AE 10005063 a pain AE that is observed in the bladder, usually a symptom of bladder infection. WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2477 YH, SJ blepharospasm AE 10005159 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2481 an eye AE that results in involuntary, forcible closure of the eyelids.The spasms may leave the eyelids completely closed, causing functional blindness even though the eyes and vision are normal. SJ, YH amaurosis fugax AE 10005186 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaurosis_fugax blindness unilateral SJ, YH an abnormal vision AE which has an outcome of loss of vision in one eye that is not permanent. blood cortisol decreased AE 10005457 blood cortisol decreased AE may indicate that the patient has addison disease, hypopituitarism, suppression of normal pituitary or adrenal function. URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003693.htm a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in low blood cortisol levels SJ, YH blood creatine increased AE 10005464 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in high blood creatine levels blood creatine increased AE may indicate that the kidneys are not fucntioning properly SJ, YH URL: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/creatinine/basics/definition/prc-20014534 bone graft procedure 10005971 YH, SJ a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly blood immunoglobin E increased AE 10005591 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that signifies that a patient is allergic to a particular substance SJ, YH WEB: http://kidshealth.org/parent/system/medical/test_ige.html blood testosterone decreased AE 10005814 WEB: http://www.webmd.com/men/testosterone-15738 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in low levels of testosterone which can lead to infertility and a low sex drive SJ, YH macrocytic anemia AE 10002064 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocytic_anemia A macrocytic anemia AE is an anemia AE that has an outcome of a macrocytic anemia, which is an anemia (defined as blood with an insufficient concentration of hemoglobin) in which the red blood cells (erythrocytes) are larger than their normal volume. KM, YH low bone density AE 10049470 SJ, YH WEB: http://nof.org/articles/9 a bone disorder AE that has an outcome of low bone densityl, but not low enough to be considered osteoporosis bone graft AE SJ, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_grafting a surgical AE that occurs after a bone graftr procedure, which replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly. bone marrow edema AE 10051763 SJ, YH WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-bone-marrow-edema.htm bone marrow edema AE is an edema AE that occurs when excess fluids in the bone marrow buildup and cause swelling. This condition is often caused by a protective reaction of the body in response to an injury or inflammation bone scan abnormal AE 10061941 WEB: http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/treatments-and-procedures/bone-scan SJ, YH an investigation result abnormal AE that detects areas of increased or decreased bone activity. These may indicate bone injury or disease. brachial plexus injury AE 10006074 SJ, YH WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/peripheral_nerve_surgery/conditions/brachial_plexus_injury_bpi.html Nervous system AE that covers a variety of conditions that may impair function of the brachial plexus nerve network, most of which are caused by trauma. bradyarrhythmia AE 10049765 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bradyarrhythmia a bradycardia AE that results in a disturbance in the heart rhythm in which the heart rate is abnormally slowed. SJ, YH bradycardia fetal AE 10006094 WEB:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/fetal+bradycardia a bradycardia AE that results in a fetal heart rate of less than 120 beats per minute, generally associatedwith hypoxia SJ, YH brain death AE 10049054 SJ, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_death a brain disorder AE that results in the complete and irreversible loss of brain function brain herniation AE 10006126 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001421.htm a brain disorder AE that results in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood vessels being moved or pressed away from their usual position inside the skull. SJ, YH brain injury AE 10067967 SJ, YH a brain injury AE,  injury to the brain caused by an external force, that results in a brain AE Traumatic Brain Injury WEB: http://www.biausa.org/FAQRetrieve.aspx?ID=43913 brain mass AE 10052334 10061019 SJ, YH a brain mass AE is a mass or growth of abnormal cells in your brain or close to your brain Intercranial Neosplasm Brain Neoplasm Brain Tumor WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/brain-tumor/home/ovc-20117132 brain scan abnormal AE 10061943 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007341.htm an imaging investigation result abnormal AE shows how the brain and its tissues are working. Abnormal results may be due to: Alzheimer’s disease or dementia, brain tumors, epilepsy, and movement disorders. PET scan SJ, YH eyelid disorder AE 10061130 WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/eyelid-disorders#Overview1 Eyelid disorder AE is a eye AE that is a condition specifically affects the eyelid. It can include drooping, twitching, inflammation, paralysis, and growths. Occasional fluttering of one eyelid is normal. JX, LW hepatic steatosis AE 10019708 JX, LW WEB: http://www.bendomd.com/272-hepatic-steatosis-causes-symptoms-treatment.html Hepatic steatosis AE is a liver disorder AE than popularly called as ‘fatty liver’ is a pathological aspect of liver, whose specific cells (hepatocytes) are filled with lipids (fats). It is a reversible liver disease: ‘is not still very ill, but cries for help’. arthropathy AE 10003285 NCIT: C35760 An arthropathy AE is a joint pain AE that has an outcome of arthropahty, which is any disorder of the joints. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropathy, http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/arthropathy KM, YH balanitis AE 10004073 A balantis AE is a reproductive system AE that has an outcome of a balantis, which is an infectious or non-infectious inflammatory process that affects the glans penis. Symptoms include redness and pain of the glans penis and foreskin and discharge. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000862.htm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanitis KM, YH pruritus genital AE 10037093 genital itching AE JX, LW WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/genital-itching Pruritus genital AE is a pruritus AE that also called genital itching, Itching in the genital region can result from irritation, allergy, inflammation, infection or cancer. Irritation can occur as a result of exposure to chemicals in soaps, feminine hygiene products, perfumes, lubricants, douches, and creams. cholecystitis AE 10008612 CTCAE: E11184 NCIT: C34465 NCIt: C34465 KM, YH cholecystitis AE is an gallbladder enlargement AE that has an outcome of cholecystitis, which is an acute or chronic inflammation involving the gallbladder wall. It may be associated with the presence of gallstones. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystitis, http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholecystitis/basics/definition/con-20034277 chromaturia AE 10008796 KM, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chromaturia Chromaturia AE is an urine abnormality AE that has an outcome of chromaturia, which is an abnormal coloration of the urine. chromosome abnormality AE 10008815 Chromosome abnormality AE is a genetic AE that has an outcome of chromsome abnormality which is a missing, extra, or irregular protion of chromosomal DNA. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_abnormality KM, YH coagulopathy AE 10009802 KM, YH A coagulopathy AE is a blood disorder AE that has an outcome of coagulopathy, which is a condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal coagulation properties of the blood. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulopathy combined immunodeficiency AE 10010099 WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22254/ KM, YH Combined immunodeficiency AE is an immune system AE that has an outcome of combined immunodeficiency, which represents a group of rare, sometimes fatal, congenital disorders characterized by little or no immune response. hepatic enzyme abnormal AE 10062685 JX, YH Hepatic enzyme abnormal AE is a liver related investigation result abnormal AE that the lab test result of hepatic enzyme deviates from its normal value. coronary artery aneurysm AE 10011071 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_aneurysm WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9247557 KM, YH A coronary artery aneurysm AE is a coronary artery disorder AE that has an outcome of coronary artery aneurysm, which is a coronary dilatation which exceeds the diameter of normal adjacent segments or the diameter of the patient's largest coronary vessel by 1.5 times. injection site atrophy AE 10022048 Injection site atrophy AE is an injection-site AE that muscle atrophy occur in the injection site. JX, YH cutaneous tuberculosis AE 10011684 WEB: http://www.dermnetnz.org/bacterial/tuberculosis.html KM, YH A cutaneous tuberculosis AE is a tuberculosis AE that has an outcome of cutaneous tuberculosis, which is an invasion of the skin by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. breath sounds abnormal AE 10064780 WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/breath-sounds#Overview1 JX, LW Breath sounds abnormal AE is a respiratory system AE that is characterized by abnormal breath sound, it can indicate fluid in the lungs or asthma. skin abrasion AE 10064990 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasion_%28medical%29 JX, YH Skin abrasion AE is a skin AE that is a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin, no deeper than the epidermis. trigeminal neuralgia AE 10044652 Trigeminal neuralgia AE is a neuralgia AE that is a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of intense pain in the face, originating from the trigeminal nerve. The clinical association between TN and hemifacial spasm is the so-called tic douloureux. Fothergill's disease AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_neuralgia JX, YH prosopalgia AE face injury AE 10050392 JX, YH Face injury AE is an injury AE that injury occurs in the face. muscle contrature AE 10062575 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contracture Muscle contrature AE is a muscle AE that can occur for many reasons, such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, and forms of muscular dystrophy. Fundamentally, the muscle and its tendons shorten, resulting in reduced flexibility. JX, YH gaze palsy AE 10056696 A palsy AE that has a symmetric limitation of the movements of both eyes in the same direction. WEB: http://one.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=f5a77965-de2a-4fb0-82fb-5f4089671ad6 JX, YH conjugate gaze palsy AE Conjugate gaze palsy AE is a gaze palsy AE that is a disorder affecting the ability to move both eyes in the same direction. These palsies can affect gaze in a horizontal, upward, or downward direction. JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_gaze_palsy horizontal gaze palsy AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gaze_palsy Horizontal gaze palsy AE is a gaze palsy AE that is the paresis of conjugate eye movements. JX, YH posture abnormal AE 10036436 JX, YH a behavioral and neurological AE that refers to rigid body movements and chronic abnormal positions of the body. This symptom is not the same as showing poor posture or slumping over. Rather, it is often the result of a serious spinal cord or brain injury. WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/posture-abnormal tonic clonic movements AE 10051171 a behavioral and neurological AE that shows the body becomes entire rigid and uncontrolled jerking. They may last mere seconds, or continue for several minutes. JX, YH eyelid ptosis AE 10015995 JX, LW WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptosis_%28eyelid%29 Eyelid ptosis AE is an eye disorder AE that is a drooping or falling of the upper or lower eyelid. facial paresis AE 10051267 facial nerve paralysis AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nerve_paralysis JX, YH Facial paresis AE is a paresis AE that is a common problem that involves the paralysis of any structures innervated by the facial nerve. menstrual disorder AE 10027327 Menstrual disorder AE is an abnormal condition in a woman's menstrual cycle. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_disorder JX, YH fluid retention AE 10016807 JX, YH WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/fluid-retention Fluid retention AE is an abnormal fluid regulation AE that is excess fluid that collects in the tissues in your body. Most commonly, fluid retention is marked by swelling of your feet and lower legs, but swelling could also occur in your arms, hands, face, or other areas of the body. emotional distress AE 10049119 JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_distress Emotional distress AE is a emotional disorder AE that is a Mental distress or anxiety suffered as a response to a sudden, severe, and saddening experience. encephalitis AE 10014581 Encephalitis AE is a nervous system AE that is an acute inflammation of the brain. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis JX, YH cognitive disorder AE 10057668 a psychiatric disorder AE that is a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect learning, memory, perception, and problem solving, and include amnesia, dementia, and delirium. JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder incoherent AE 10021630 Incoherent AE is a speech disorder AE that shows unable to express one's thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligible manner. JX, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/incoherent exercise tolerance decreased AE 10051301 WEB: http://copd.about.com/od/glossaryofcopdterms/g/activitytoleran.htm JX, YH Exercise tolerance decreased AE is a systematic AE that shows exercise tolerance decreased. The exercise tolerance refers to the exercise capacity of an individual as measured by their ability to endure exercise and/or the maximum work load achieved during the exercise period. thermal burn AE 10053615 a burn AE that is a type of burn resulted from making contact with heated objects, such as boiling water, steam, hot cooking oil, fire, and hot objects. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_burn JX, LW dissociation AE 10013457 a psychiatric disorder AE that describes a wide array of experiences from mild detachment from immediate surroundings to more severe detachment from physical and emotional experience. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_%28psychology%29 JX, YH acupuncture 10000646 Acupuncture is the stimulation of specific acupuncture points along the skin of the body using thin needles. It can be associated with the application of heat, pressure, or laser light to these same points. JX, LW WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acupuncture mucous membrane disorder AE 10028133 Mucous membrane disorder AE is a systematic AE that the diseases occur in mucous membrane, which is a lining of mostly endodermal origin. JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membrane demyelinating polyneuropathy AE 10061811 JX, YH a polyneuropathy AE that arises when the myelin sheaths around nerve cells are damaged. Myelin, the insulating layer of tissue that surrounds nerve cells, helps ensure that signals from the brain are rapidly transmitted to the proper places in the body. When myelin is damaged or destroyed, it can lead to problems with communication between the brain and the body. WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/conditions/chronic-inflammatory-demyelinating-polyneuropathy compartment syndrome AE 10010121 a syndrome AE that results in increased pressure in a muscle compartment which can lead to nerve damage and impaired blood flow. Thick layers of tissue, called fascia, separate groups of muscles in the arms and legs from each other. Inside each layer of fascia is a confined space, called a compartment. The compartment includes the muscle tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. SJ, YH URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001224.htm therapeutic response decreased 10043414 Therapeutic response decreased is found among people who take Cialis, especially for people who are male, 60+ old, have been taking the drug for < 1 month, also take medication Aspirin, and have Erection problems. JX, LW WEB: http://www.ehealthme.com/ds/cialis/therapeutic+response+decreased bed rest 10050118 Bed rest is a medical treatment in which a person lies in bed for most of some period of time to gain health benefits. JX, LW WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_rest complex partial seizure AE 10010145 WEB: http://www.webmd.com/epilepsy/guide/types-of-seizures-their-symptoms?page=2 YH, SJ a seizure AE that resutls in impariment of awareness and involuntary but coordinated and repeated movements. autoimmune disorder AE 10061664 NCIt: C2889 JX, YH CTCAE: E11258 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease Autoimmune disorder AE is an immune system AE that arises from an abnormal immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body (autoimmunity). brainstem hemorrhage AE 10006146 a hemorrhage AE that has an outcome of bleeding into the pons or mesencephalon. SJ, YH brain stem hemorrhage AE is often secondary to brainstem distortion due to rapidly expanding intracranail lessions. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/brainstem+hemorrhage menstruation irregular AE 10022992 10027339 JX, YH, MW Menstruation irregular AE is a endocrine system AE that is an abnormal variation in length of menstrual cycles in a female. NCIt: C35219 irregular menstruation AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_menstruation CTCAE: E13125 generalised tonic-clonic seizure AE 10018100 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonic%E2%80%93clonic_seizure Generalised tonic-clonic seizure AE is a seizure AE that is a type of generalized seizure that affects the entire brain. Tonic–clonic seizures are the seizure type most commonly associated with epilepsy and seizures in general, though it is a misconception that they are the only type. JX, YH posturing AE 10036437 a psychiatric disorder AE that an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury. JX, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormal_posturing off label drug use 10053762 JX, LW WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-label_use off label use Off label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, unapproved dosage, or unapproved form of administration. demyelination AE 10012305 JX, YH Demyelination AE is a nervous system AE that is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demyelinating_disease gram stain negative AE 10018656 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria JX, YH Gram stain negative AE is a microbiology and serology investigation result abnormal AE that has an outcome of detection of gram-negative bacteria. red blood cells CSF positive AE 10038173 Red blood cells CSF positive AE is a CSF test result abnormal AE that has an outcome of CSF red blood cells count positive. JX, YH CSF white blood cell count increased AE 10053805 CSF white blood cell count increased AE is a CSF test result abnormal AE that has an outcome of CSF white blood cell count increased. JX, YH influenza A virus test positive AE 10070215 Influenza A virus test positive AE is a influenza virus test positive AE that has an outcome of positive result in an influenza A virus test. JX, YH nerve conduction study abnormal AE 10029175 a behavior and neurological test abnormal AE that shows a abnormal result of nerve conduction study (NCS). NCS is a medical diagnostic test commonly used to evaluate the function, especially the ability of electrical conduction, of the motor and sensory nerves of the human body. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_conduction_study JX, YH myocardial necrosis AE 10028602 Myocardial necrosis AE is a cardiac disorder AE that shows death of the cells of an area of the heart muscle (myocardium) as a result of oxygen deprivation, which in turn is caused by obstruction of the blood supply. URL: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/myocardial+necrosis JX, YH brainstem infarction AE 10006147 brainstem stroke WEB: http://www.drugs.com/cg/brain-stem-infarction.html SJ, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_stem_stroke_syndrome a brainstem infarction AE is a stroke AE that occurs when blood cannot flow to the brainstem, when oxygen cannot get to an area of the brain, tissue in that area may be damaged. A person may have vertigo, dizziness and severe imbalance without the hallmark of most strokes – weakness on one side of the body. But dizziness alone is not a sign of stroke. Brain stem stroke can also cause diplopia, slurred speech and decreased level of consciousness. breath sounds decreased AE 10006333 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007535.htm SJ, YH a lung disorder AE that occurs when the noises produced by the structures of the lungs during breathing are decreased or absent. Absent or decreased breath sounds can indicate air or fluid around the lungs, increased thickness of chest wall, over-inflation of part of the lungs, or reduced airflow to part of the lungs. Brugada syndrome AE 10059027 SJ, YH a syndrome AE that is characterised by abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. sudden adult death syndrome (SADS) WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugada_syndrome buttock pain AE 10048677 CTCAE:E12396 Buttock pain AE is a pain AE that is a common problem in the butt, it can be due to bursitis, bruising, piriformis syndrome, and shingles,or due to more serious diseases with long-term consequences, such as cancer, arthritis of the sacroiliac joints, and herniated disc with sciatica. NCIt:C78228 SJ, YH, MW Butt Pain WEB:http://www.medicinenet.com/buttock_pain/symptoms.htm calcinosis AE 10006938 SJ, YH WEB: http://www.sclero.org/medical/symptoms/skin/calcinosis.html These most commonly occur on the hands, or near joints such as elbows or knees, although they may appear anywhere. Calcinosis may range from one very tiny deposit, to large (and often painful) clusters. a digestive system AE with an outcome of small white calcium lumps forming under the skin that may leak a chalky white fluid. These lumps are formed becuase of too much calcium in the diet. candidiasis AE 10007152 This is a common cause of vaginal infections in women. Also, Candida may cause mouth infections in people with reduced immune function, or in patients taking certain antibiotics. Candida can be found in virtually all normal people but causes problems in only a fraction. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/candidiasis an infection adverse event that caused by a species of the yeast Candida. SJ, YH cardiac enzymes increased AE 10007548 URL: http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/cardiac-enzyme-studies cardiac enzymes increased AE may indicate that the heart muscle is injured, such as from a heart attack. SJ, YH a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that occurs when the cardaic enzymes and proteins leak out of damaged heart muscle cells, and their levels in the bloodstream rise. acute decompensated heart failure AE 10007556 10064653 Acute decompensated heart failure AE is a cardiovascular disorder AE that shows a worsening of the symptoms, typically shortness of breath (dyspnea), edema, and fatigue, in a patient with existing heart disease. SJ, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_decompensated_heart_failure Cardiac Failure Acute cardiac massage 10059163 WEB: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cardiac+massage Cardiac massage is a resuscitative procedure that employs the rhythmic compression of the chest and heart in an effort to restore and maintain the circulation after cardiac arrest or ventricular fibrillation SJ, YH Heart Massage cardiac murmur AE 10007586 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-murmurs/basics/definition/con-20028706 SJ, YH Cardiac murmur AE is a cardiac disorder AE that is characterised by abnormal sounds during the heartbeat cycle — such as whooshing or swishing — made by turbulent blood in or near the heart. Heart Murmur catatonia AE 10007776 WEB: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/catatonia a behavior and neurological AE that is seen most frequently in schizophrenia, characterized by muscular rigidity and mental stupor, sometimes alternating with great excitement and confusion. YH, SJ carotid artery stenosis AE 10007687 a coronary artery disorder AE that results in narrowing of the inner surface of the carotid atery. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_artery_stenosis SJ, YH orbital cellulitis AE 10007918 orbital cellulitis AE is a sudden infection of the tissues around the eye, affecting the eyelid, eyebrow, and cheek. SJ, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001012.htm chronic cholecystitis AE 10008617 Chronic cholecystitis AE the inflammation of the gallbladder persisting for a prolonged period of time or having repeated attacks. SJ, YH WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-cholecystitis#Overview1 brain lesion AE 10051290 WEB: http://www.webmd.com/brain/brain-lesions-causes-symptoms-treatments SJ, YH a brain lesion AE is an area of injury or disease within the brain. central venous pressure increased AE 10007980 SJ, YH Central venous pressure increased AE is a mesaurement of the pressure of the blood within the superior and inferior vena cava and large veins of the body. Increased pressure can be the result of cardiac failure and congestion of circulation. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/central+venous+pressure brain disorder AE 10054938 WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/brain-disorders#Overview1 a brain disorder AE occurs when the brain is damaged by injury, disease, or health conditions. Brain disorders may affect the main areas of your brain that control how you move, think, and behave. Some tumors can constrict the blood vessels in your brain. SJ, YH cerebral infarction AE 10008118 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_infarction SJ a cerebral infarction is a type of ischaemic stroke AE that is caused by a blockage in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain. cerebrospinal fluid leak AE 10008164 NCIt: C50487 a nervous system AE that occurs when the cerebrospinal fluid leaks through a defect in the dura or the skull and out through the nose or ear resulting from a tear in the dura. CTCAE: E12611 WEB: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/brain_tumor/center/skull-base/types/csf-leak.html cerebrospinal fluid leakage AE SJ, YH, MW cervical dysplasia AE 10008263 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001491.htm a female reproductive system AE that refers to abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. The changes are not cancer. But they can lead to cancer of the cervix if not treated. SJ, YH cervical radiculopathy AE 10008303 SJ, YH WEB: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/neck-pain/what-cervical-radiculopathy a bone disorder AE that results in pain and neurological symptoms resulting from any type of condition that irritates a nerve in the cervical spine. cervical spinal stenosis AE 10008313 WEB: http://www.webmd.com/back-pain/tc/cervical-spinal-stenosis-topic-overview Cervical spinal stenosis AE is a nervous system AE that occurs when the spinal canal in the neck narrows. SJ, YH choking AE 10008589 WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/choke SJ, YH a respiratory AE that results in the inability to breath because something gets stuck in the throat or because the air is not good for breathing chondrolysis AE 10058112 WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=17184 a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that results in tlhe disappearance of articular cartilage as the result of disintegration or dissolution of the cartilage matrix and cells. SJ, YH chondromalacia AE 10008729 SJ, YH WEB: http://www.healthline.com/health/chondromalacia-patella#Overview1 A joint disorder AE in which the cartilage on the undersurface of the patella deteriorates and softens. therapy adverse event YH, JX an adverse event that occurs after a therapeutic intervention physiotherapy a therapeutic intervention that remediates impairments and promotes mobility, function, and quality of life through examination, diagnosis, and physical intervention physical therapy WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_therapy YH, JX simple partial seizure AE 10040703 YH, SJ WEB: http://www.webmd.com/epilepsy/guide/types-of-seizures-their-symptoms?page=2 a seizure AE that resutls in jerking and muscle rigidity, unusual sensations affecting vision, hearing, smell, taste or touch, and memory or emothional disturbances. chemosis AE 10053163 SJ, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemosis conjunctival edema chemosis AE is a conjunctival disorder AE that results in swelling of the conjunctiva die to exudation of abnormaly permeable capillaries. continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration 10066348 YH, SJ a therapeutic intervention that is used in critically ill patients who have experienced multisystem organ failure and in whom acute renal failure has developed. WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=40071 conversion disorder AE 10010893 YH, SJ a behavior and neurological AE that results in the expression of psychlogical stress in physical ways or a mental or emotional crises that begins to have a physical affect. functional neurological symptom disorder WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/conversion-disorder/basics/definition/con-20029533 coronary arteriosclerosis AE 10011076 a cardiac disorder AE which causes a thickening and loss of elasticity of the coronary arteries, leading to progressive insufficiency of the arteries. WEB: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=coronaryarteriosclerosis SJ, YH coronary artery atherosclerosis arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease coronary occlusion AE 10011086 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_occlusion a cardiac disorder AE which causes a partial or complete blockage of the coronary artery which can lead to heart attack. SJ, YH coronary artery disease AE 10011089 SJ, YH a cardiac disorder AE which results in inflammation and the buildup of plaque which narrow the coronary arteries. WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/basics/definition/con-20032038 crepitation AE 10011376 An joint disorder AE that results in the noise produced by the rubbing together of bone or irregular cartilage surfaces. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/crepitation YH, SJ cryptorchidism AE 10011498 cryptorchidism AE is a male reproductive system AE which results in the absence of one or both testes from the scrotum. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptorchidism YH, SJ undescended testis decreased CSF glucose AE 10011537 SJ, YH CSF glucose is proportional to blood glucose levels which correspond to 60-70% of the concentration in blood. hypoglycorrhachia decreased CSF glucose AE can be caused by CNS infections, inflammatory conditions, subarachnoid hemorrhage, hypoglycemia, impaired glucose transport, increased CNS glycolytic activity and metastatic carcinoma. wound culture positive AE 10011643 SJ, YH WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/skin-and-wound-cultures wound culture positive AE is a a test to find and identify germs that may be growing on the skin or in a wound. If something that can cause infection grows, the culture is positive. The type of organisms may be identified with a microscope, chemical tests, or both. skin cyst AE 10011732 skin cyst AE is a skin AE that occurs when a cluster of cells that have grouped together to form a sac which may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyst YH, SJ cyst conductive hearing loss AE 10010282 conductive hearing loss AE is a hearing loss AE that results from probelms with the ear canal, ear drum, or middle ear and its little bones. sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) SJ, YH WEB: http://www.hearingloss.org/content/types-causes-and-treatment transient hearing loss AE 10011900 deafness transitory transient hearing loss AE is a hearing loss AE that results from poor ventilation of the middle ear in children. SJ, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3139416/ delusion AE 10012239 SJ, YH WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/delusion a psychiatric disorder AE that results in a persistent false psychotic belief regarding the self or objects outside the self that is maintained despite indisputable evidence to the contrary. dependent personality disorder AE 10012355 Individuals with Dependent Personality Disorder are often characterized by pessimism and self-doubt, and tend to belittle their abilities and assets. This leads the person to engage in dependent and submissive behaviors that are designed to elicit care-giving behaviors in others. SJ, YH WEB: http://psychcentral.com/disorders/dependent-personality-disorder-symptoms/ a behavioral and neurological AE that results in long-standing need for the person to be taken care of and a fear of being abandoned or separated from important individuals. developmental delay AE 10012559 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/developmental+delay Nervous system AE that results in failure to meet certain developmental milestones, such as sitting, walking, and talking, at the average age. Developmental delay may indicate a problem in development of the central nervous system. SJ, YH diabetic ketoacidosis AE 10012671 SJ, YH diabetic ketoacidosis AE is a cardiovascular AE that develops when your body is unable to produce enough insulin and begins to break down fat as an alternate fuel, this process produces a buildup of toxic acids in the bloodstream called ketones. WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-ketoacidosis/basics/definition/con-20026470 dialysis 10061105 Dialysis is the process of removing waste products and excess fluid from the body when the kidneys are not able to adequately filter the blood. WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2980 YH, SJ congenital diaphragmatic hernia AE 10061106 SJ, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aspiration congenital diaphragmatic hernia AE is a congential disorder in which an absent or partially formed diaphragm results in an abnormal opening that allows the stomach and intestines to move into the chest cavity and crowd the heart and lungs. This crowding can lead to underdevelopment of the lungs, potentially resulting in life-threatening breathing difficulties that are apparent from birth. diplegia AE 10013033 a paralysis AE that has an outcome of paralysis affecting symmetrical parts of the body. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplegia SJ, YH cystitis interstitial AE 10011796 KM, YH cystitis interstitial AE is a cystitis AE that has an outcome of cystitis interstitial, which is a condition that causes discomfort or pain in the bladder and a need to urinate frequently and urgently. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/interstitialcystitis.html disseminated tuberculosis AE 10013453 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000624.htm KM, YH A disseminated tuberculosis AE is a tuberculosis AE that has an outcome of disseminated tuberculosis, which is a contagious bacterial infection in which TB bacteria has spread from the lungs to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph system. exotosis AE 10015688 KM, YH Exotosis AE is a bone pain AE that has resulted in a non-neoplastic overgrowth of bone. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exostosis exudative retinopathy AE 10015901 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/exudative+retinopathy Coats' disease, Coats' retinitis An exudative retinopathy AE is an eye AE that shows an outcome of exudative retinopathy marked by masses of white or yellowish exudate in the posterior part of the fundus oculi, with deposits of cholesterol and blood debris from retinal hemorrhage, that leads to destruction of the macula and blindness. KM, YH tendinous AE 10016662 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendinosis KM, YH A tendon disorder AE that has an outcome of tendinous which is damage to a tendon at a cellular level. It is thought to be caused by microtears in the connective tissue in and around the tendon, leading to an increase in tendon repair cells. monocytosis AE 10027906 NCIT: C35147 A monocyte percentage abnormal AE that results in abnormally high levels of monocytes in the blood. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocytosis KM, YH genital candidiasis AE 10018143 WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/genital/ KM, YH A male reproductive system AE that has an outcome of genital candidiasis, which is a fungal infection due to any types of Candida (types of yeasts). This is a fungal infection of the genital region. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidiasis groin pain AE 10018735 KM, YH A groin pain AE is a pain AE that shows a pain in the groin area. WEB: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/tc/groin-problems-and-injuries-topic-overview haemolysis AE 10018910 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002372.htm A blood disorder AE that has an outcome of the breakdown of red blood cells. KM, YH hemolysis hepatosplenomegaly AE 10019847 A hepatosplenomegaly AE is a liver inflammation AE that has an outcome of an abnormal enlargement of the liver and spleen. KM, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/17215.htm WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3716 hiatus hernia AE 10020028 A gastric disorder AE that occurs when part of your stomach pushes upward through your diaphragm. WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiatal-hernia/basics/definition/con-20030640 KM, YH HIV infection AE 10020161 KM, YH A viral infection AE that is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. NCIT: C3108 hypertonic bladder AE 10020853 overactive bladder WEB: http://healbladder.info/healbladder/hypertonic-bladder SJ, YH irritable bladder A hypertonic bladder AE is a digestive system AE that where the bladder-storage function that causes a sudden urge to urinate. WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/overactive-bladder/basics/definition/con-20027632 hypovitaminosis AE 10021135 KM, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypovitaminosis A hypovitaminosis AE is a gustatory system AE which shows an insufficiency of one or more essential vitamins. ileitis AE 10021312 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileitis NCIT: C84782 KM, YH A gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows the inflammation of the ileum. joint dislocation AE 10023204 KM, YH A joint pain AE that occurs when there is an abnormal separation in the joint, where two or more bones meet. dislocated joint, luxation WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_dislocation kawasaki disease AE 10023320 NCIT: C34825 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_disease A syndrome AE that shows Kawasaki's disease, a vasculitis characterized by inflammation of the arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. The vasculitis may lead to aneurysm formation and possibly, heart attacks. It affects young children who usually present with persistent high fever, redness of the mucous membranes of the mouth, redness of the palms and soles, skin rashes, lymphadenitis, and joint pain and swelling. Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome KM, YH liver abscess AE 10024652 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_abscess NCIT: C99089 KM, YH An abscess AE where a bacterial, parasitic, or fungal abscess that develops in the liver. It is usually the result of an abdominal infection, trauma, or surgery in the right upper quadrant. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. lividity AE 10024728 KM, YH WEB: http://www.exploreforensics.co.uk/rigor-mortis-and-lividity.html A blood disorder AE that the body's blood supply will stop moving after the heart has stopped pumping it around the inside of the deceased. lymphangitis AE 10025226 A lymphangitis AE is an inflammation AE that has an infection of the lymph vessels (channels). WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007296.htm KM, YH malaria AE 10025487 KM, YH An infection adverse event that results in malaria, a protozoan infection caused by the genus Plasmodium. There are four species of Plasmodium that can infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, ovale, and malariae. It is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes. Signs and symptoms include paroxysmal high fever, sweating, chills, and anemia. NCIT: C34797 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria metabolic acidosis AE 10027417 A metabolic disoder AE where there is increased acidity in the blood secondary to acid base imbalance. Causes include diabetes, kidney failure and shock. NCIT: C28228 KM, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000335.htm Acidosis mucous stool AE 10028140 KM, YH An abnormal stool AE that has an outcome of a significant amount of mucus in the stool. The mucus is accompanied by diarrhea, pain or blood may signify an intestinal condition such as infection or inflammation. Increased amounts of mucus in the stool can also occur with cancers of the colon or rectum or with bowel obstruction. WEB: http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/mucus-in-stool muscle spasticity AE 10028335 10041416 WEB: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/pain-management-spasticity KM, YH, MW, MW NCIt: C79750 CTCAE: E12820 spasticity AE A muscle spasm AE that has an outcome of tight or stiff muscles and an inability to control those muscles. neonatal respiratory distress AE 10001052 NCIT: C27560 KM, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001563.htm Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome A respiratory distress AE that has an outcome of a newborn dyspnea (i.e., impaired breathing) with cyanosis, most frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no predisposing cause. neutrophilia AE 10029379 A neutrophil count increased AE that has an outcome of an abnormally high level of neutrophils in the blood. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophilia KM, YH NCIT: C35164 orchitis AE 10031064 NCIT: C97145 A male reproductive system AE that results in an inflammation of one or both testes due to viral or bacterial infections. Signs and symptoms include enlargement or tenderness of the affected testis, inguinal lymphadenopathy, blood in the semen, and pain during urination, intercourse, or ejaculation. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001280.htm KM, YH osteitis AE 10031149 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001252.htm Osteitis fibrosa an inflammation AE that occurs in a bone. KM, YH osteolysis AE 10031248 A bone disorder AE that has an dissolution of bone, especially the removal or loss of the calcium of bone. KM, YH NCIT: C50681 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteolysis palpitations AE 10033557 KM, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palpitations An arrhythmia AE that has an outcome of palpitations, an abnormality of heartbeat characterized by simultaneous awareness of one’s pulse and discomfort. CTCAE: E10163 NCIt: C37999 papule AE 10033733 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003233.htm KM, YH A skin AE that shows a solid, raised spot on the skin that is up to 0.5 centimeter wide, which is a type of skin lesion. parotitis AE 10034038 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001041.htm KM, YH WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/882461-overview A parotid gladn enlargement AE that has an outcome of parotitis, the inflammation of one or more of the parotid glands. penis disorder AE 10034336 KM, YH A male reproductive system AE that has an disorder in a penis, including priapism, Peyronie's disease, balanitis, phimosis, paraphimosis, and penile cancer. WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/penis_disorders/article.htm peritonitis AE 10034674 KM, YH An abdominal AE that shows an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritonitis NCIT: C26849 plasmapheresis AE 10035486 A medical intervention that collects plasma from the peripheral blood while returning the rest to the donor. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmapheresis plasma exchange KM, YH NCIT: C15304 therapeutic plasma exchange polyarthritis AE 10036030 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyarthritis KM, YH An arthritis AE that has an outcome of polyarthritis, which includes any type of arthritis that involves 5 or more joints simultaneously. prostatic disorder AE 10036956 A male reproductive system AE that affects prostatic gland in the male reproductive system. WEB: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/479519/prostatic-disorder KM, YH pseudo lymphoma AE 10037108 A tumor AE that shows a benign disorder of lymphoid cells or histiocytes that produces clinical features of a malignant lymphoma. KM, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pseudolymphoma pyoderma AE 10037632 A skin AE that shows a pyogenic skin disease. These include superficial bacterial infections such as impetigo, impetigo contagiosa, ecthyma, folliculitis, Bockhart's impetigo, furuncle, carbuncle, tropical ulcer, etc. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyoderma KM, YH pyuria AE 10037686 A urine abnormality AE that shows the presence of white blood cells or pus in the urine, usually a sign of urinary tract infection. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pyuria WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyuria KM, YH hypernatremia AE 10020679 10020680 hypernaetremia CTCAE: E12293 SIDER: C0595878 a blood sodium abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnormally high level of sodium in the blood HPO: HP_0003228 NCIt: C37970 YH, MW WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/241094-overview morbilliform rash AE 10037870 WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-morbilliform-rash.htm WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morbilliform KM, YH A rash AE that shows a rash like measles. The rash consists of macular lesions that are red and usually 2–10 mm in diameter but may be confluent in places. measles-like maculopapular rash AE vesicular rash AE 10037898 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11955 KM, YH A rash AE that shows a raised, blistery rash. reticulocyte count increased AE 10038792 A red blood cell count increased AE that has an increased count of reticulocytes in the blood. Reticulocytes are slightly immature red blood cells. KM, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003637.htm acute psychosis AE 10001022 SJ, YH a behavior and neurological AE that results in impaired or inhibited ego functioning in which the ability to process reality-based information is diminished and disordered. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/acute+psychosis retinopathy of prematurity AE 10038933 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinopathy_of_prematurity An eye AE that shows an abnormal blood vessel development in the retina of the eye and it occurs in infants that are born too early. KM, YH Terry syndrome WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001618.htm retrolental fibroplasia retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) scar AE 10039580 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scar NCIT: C34483 A skin AE that results in a scar, a mark left on the skin. KM, YH scleroderma AE 10039710 A skin AE that has an outcome of a localized or systemic chronic and progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by thickening of the skin and the connective tissues. KM, YH NCIT: C26746 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleroderma Localized scleroderma affects only the skin. Systemic scleroderma affects internal organs, including the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. scrotal oedema AE 10039755 scrotal swelling A male reproductive system AE that has an outcome of an abnormal enlargement of the scrotum, the sac surrounding the testicles. KM, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003161.htm scrotal edema skin atrophy AE 10040799 KM, YH, MW NCIt:C35163 CTCAE:E13714 atrophy of the skin WEB: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-skin-atrophy.htm NCIT: C35163 A skin AE that results in the degeneration and thinning of the epidermis and dermis. skin depigmentation AE 10040825 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depigmentation KM, YH A skin discoloration AE that shows the lightening of the skin, or loss of pigment. 皮肤脱色 Depigmentation skin hypopigmentation AE 10040868 CTCAE:E13721 NCIt:C78610 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopigmentation Vitiligo, albinism, and leukoderma are among the disorders that are associated with skin hypopigmentation. A skin discoloration AE that shows abnormal lightening of skin due to decreased melanin production or deposition. KM, YH, MW WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopigmentation Hypopigmentation, Pigment Dilution spleen disorder AE 10041633 CTCAE: E10056 NCIt: C35823 WEB: http://www.livescience.com/44725-spleen.html splenic diseases An immune system disorder AE that has an disorder in spleen, the largest organ in the lymphatic system. KM, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenic_disease akinesia AE 10001541 URL: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/akinesia a muscle AE that shows the absence or loss of control of voluntary muscle movements. SJ, YH epileptic seizure AE a seizure AE that shows a brief episode of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. 癫痫 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epileptic_seizure epilepsy JX, YH optic neuropathy AE 10061323 RR, YH WEB: http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/optic-neuritis.htm a cranial neuropathy AE which shows an damage or abnormality to the nerves in the eyes. neuroretinitis AE 10060701 an optic neuropathy AE characterized by optic disc swelling, peripapillary and macular hard exudates, and vitreous cells. WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6466175 RR, YH anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE 10068250 WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1216891-overview WEB: http://www.geteyesmart.org/eyesmart/diseases/ischemic-optic-neuropathy/ RR, YH AION an optic neuropathy AE characterized by vision loss, optic disc swelling, flame hemorrhages, and cotton-wool exudates. It occurs when blood flow is interrupted to the front (anterior) part of the optic nerve (also called optic nerve head). non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE 10068249 WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1216891-clinical#a0217 RR, YH a type of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AE that presents primarily with vision loss, especially upon wakening, and sectorial disc edema. mixed neuropathy AE WEB: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0401/p887.html RR, YH a peripheral neuropathy AE that shows a combination of axonal and demyelinating neuropathy. sensory peripheral polyneuropathy AE WEB: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain_spinal_cord_and_nerve_disorders/peripheral_nerve_disorders/polyneuropathy.html RR, YH a peripheral sensory neuropathy AE that shows neuropathy in many sensory nerves at one time peripheral demyelinating polyneuropathy AE RR, YH a peripheral neuropathy AE that results from the loss of the myelin sheath on peripheral nerves roughly evenly distributed on both sides of the body diabetic neuropathy AE 10012680 a neuropathy AE that shows nerve damage and occurs in a patient with diabetes WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-neuropathy/basics/definition/con-20033336 RR, YH neurological deficit AE RR, YH a nervous system AE that is an umbrella term referring to conditions relating to the nervous system, including loss of sensation and paralysis WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_neurological_deficit staphylococcal abscess AE 10041917 KM, YH abscess An abscess AE that is caused by an Staphylococcus aureus infection. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/staphylococcal+abscess strabismus AE 10042159 heterotropia An eye AE that results in an intermittent or constant misalignment of an eye so that its line of vision is not pointed at the same object. Strabismus is caused by an imbalance in the extraocular muscles which control the positioning of the eyes. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus KM, YH cross-eyed wall-eyed telangiectasia AE 10043189 NCIT: C28194 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telangiectasia KM, YH, MW CTCAE:E13740 A vein discoloration AE that has an outcome of local dilatation of small vessels resulting in red discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes. NCIt:C28194 trismus AE 10044684 A muscle spasm AE that results in the lack of ability to open the mouth fully due to decreased range of motion of the muscles of mastication. Trismus is a symptom of tetanus. KM, YH, MW WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=40739 NCIt: C78651 CTCAE:E12541 typhoid fever AE 10045275 WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/typhoid-fever Typhoid fever is often contracted by consumption of food or drink contaminated with Salmonella typhi. NCIT: C35089 A bacterial infection AE with an outcome of thypoid fever, a bacterial infectious disorder caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. KM, YH tyhpoid urethritis AE 10046480 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000439.htm KM, YH a urinary system AE that results in the inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the urethra. vitiligo AE 10047642 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitiligo 白癫风；白驳风；白斑 KM, YH NCIT: C26915 a skin discoloration AE which shows a chronic skin disease characterized by portions of the skin losing their pigment. burn AE 10006634 NCIt: C34441 an injury AE that displays a type of injury to flesh or skin caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation. YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn CTCAE: E11669 sedimentation rate decreased AE 10049188 ESR http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrocyte_sedimentation_rate red blood cell sedimentation rate decreased AE KM, YH erythrocyte sedimentation rate Westergren ESR decreased AE a hematopoietic system AE which has a decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). EST is the rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of one hour. skin turgor decreased AE 10049428 KM, YH WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003281.htm a skin AE that has decreased skin turgor which is the skin's ability to change shape and return to normal (elasticity). gastrointestinal stromal tumour AE 10051066 A tumor AE that shows a tumor occuring in the gastrointestinal tract. WEB: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/gastrointestinal-stromal-tumor KM, YH fluctuance AE 10051723 A bacterial infection AE that has the presence of pus in a bacterial infection. KM, YH WEB: http://dermatology.about.com/library/bldeffluctuance.htm acinetobacter infection AE 10051894 A bacterial infection AE which is caused by Acinetobacter. KM, YH WEB: http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/acinetobacter.html Outbreaks of Acinetobacter infections typically occur in intensive care units and healthcare settings housing very ill patients. Acinetobacter infections rarely occur outside of healthcare settings. wound AE 10052428 an injury AE that breaks the skin or other body tissues. WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/woundsandinjuries.html KM, YH peritoneal tuberculosis AE 10053583 KM, YH a tuberculosis AE which is an invasion of the peritoneum by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215540 haemangioma AE a tumor AE that shows a benigh tumor of vascular origin usually seen in early childhood. YH WEB: http://radiopaedia.org/articles/haemangioma vascular occlusion AE 10053648 KM, YH a vascular disorder AE that has an outcome of the blockage of a blood vessel, usually with a clot. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_occlusion joint tuberculosis AE 10056367 KM, YH a tuberculosis AE that shows an tuberculosis of the joints. WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1577591/ ventricular arrhythmia AE 10047281 an arrhythmia AE that shows abnormal heart rhythms that originate in the bottom chambers of the heart called the ventricles. 室性心律失常 WEB: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/departments-centers/ventricular-arrhythmia-center NCIt: C26924 CTCAE: E10230 LW, YH Salmonella AE 10058878 KM, YH WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella A bacterial infection AE that is caused by Salmonella. hypokalaemia AE 10021015 10021018 CTCAE: E12327 NCIt: C37974 hypopotassemia AE a blood potassium abnormal AE that has a lab test outcome of abnormally lower than normal amount of potassium in the blood hypopotassaemia AE hypokalemia AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemia WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/low_potassium/article_em.htm YH, MW potassium depletion AE 血钾过少 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hyperkalemia alpha tumour necrosis factor AE 10059981 KM, YH a necrosis AE, tumor necrosis factor (TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a cell signaling protein (adipokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_alpha oral neoplasm AE 10061325 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/oralcancer.html a tumor AE that that is a benign or malignant neoplasm involving the oral cavity and/or the lips. KM, YH NCIT: C8989 pericardial disease AE 10061338 KM, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2878263/ a cardiac disorder AE that can present clinically as acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis. peritoneal neoplasm AE 10061344 WEB: http://www.webmd.com/cancer/peritoneal-cancer-prognosis-symptoms-treatments Representative examples of benign neoplasms include adenomatoid tumor and disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. Representative examples of malignant neoplasms include primary peritoneal carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma to the peritoneum, and malignant mesothelioma. a tumor AE that shows a benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the peritoneal cavity. KM, YH NCIT: C3322 purulence AE an inflammation AE that shows the formation or presence of pus. KM, YH MedDRA: 10061926 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/purulence mycobacterial infection AE 10062207 WEB: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mycobacterialinfections.html NCIT: C26831 a bacterial infection AE with bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium. Mycobacterium Infection KM, YH spinal haemangioma AE 10065275 KM, YH a tumor AE that shows the most common benign spinal neoplasm, often located in the thoracic and lumbar spine, with a peak incidence of occurrence in the fourth to sixth decades. WEB: http://radiopaedia.org/articles/vertebral-haemangioma Omenn syndrome AE 10069097 a syndrome AE that reuslts in an autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in the RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes. It is characterized by the presence of alopecia, erythroderma, desquamation, lymphadenopathy, and chronic diarrhea. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omenn_syndrome NCIT: C61240 YH: This is also a genetic AE. We will later find a way to link to there. KM, YH immunodeficiency AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunodeficiency KM, YH a immune system AE that results in a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent. hepatitis C AE NCIT: C14312 HCV KM, YH a hepatitis AE that resutls in a hepatitis C viral infection. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_virus blood phosphate abnormal AE 10054823 a blood phosphorus abnormal AE that shows an abnormal blood phosphate level EB blood albumin abnormal AE 10005800 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of albumin in the blood EB blood carbon dioxide abnormal AE' YH, MW an electrolyte blood lab test abnormal AE that results in an abnormal level of sodium in the blood hypercapnia AE 10020591 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercapnia hypercarbia AE DJ, SS, YH, MW UMLS CUI: C0020440 hypercapnea AE CO2 retention AE a blood carbon dioxide abnormal AE in which the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood is abnormally high blood glucose decreased 10005555 UMLS CUI: C0595883 EB, YH, MW A physical quality that has an decreased level of glucose in the blood blood glucose increased 10005557 EB, YH, MW UMLS CUI: C0595877 A physical quality that has an increased level of glucose in the blood acneiform rash AE 10037847 rash acneiform AE WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris The term "acneiform", literally, refers to an appearance similar to acne. Acne vulgaris (or simply acne) is a long-term skin condition characterized by areas of blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, greasy skin, and possibly scarring. acneiform eruption AE CTCAE: E13694 YH, MW NCIt: C35277 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acneiform_eruption a rash AE that shows follicular eruptions characterized by papules and pustules resembling acne. papulopustular rash AE 10069138 A rash AE that is characterized by an eruption consisting of papules (a small, raised pimple) and pustules (a small pus filled blister), typically appearing in face, scalp, and upper chest and back. WEB: http://www.medaphile.com/medical-dictionary/papulopustular-rash NCIt: C80119 YH Unlike acne, papulopustular rash does not present with whiteheads or blackheads, and can be symptomatic, with itchy or tender lesions. CTCAE: E11491 cranial neuropathy AE 10061096 an neuropathy AE that occurs when any of the twelve cranial nerves (nerves that exit from the brain directly) are damaged. WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy MW, YH auditory neuropathy AE MW, YH WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy a cranial neuropathy AE which shows an damage or abnormality to the nerve that carries signals from the inner ear to the brain and is responsible for hearing. cognitive disturbance AE 10009845 CTCAE: E12617 MW, YH NCIt: C27101 a cognitive disorder AE that shows conspicuous changes in cognitive functions. focal neuropathy AE an neuropathy AE that is restricted to one nerve or group of nerves, or one area of the body WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/neuropathy/article_em.htm#types_of_neuropathy MW, YH thromboembolism AE 10043565 WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=25032 MW, YH CTCAE: E13825 thromboembolic event AE a vascular disorder AE that form in a blood vessel a clot (thrombus) that breaks loose and is carried by the blood stream to plug another vessel. cardiovascular injury AE 10007654 UMLS CUI: C0560570 YH an injury AE that occurs in the cardiovascular system heart injury AE 10061200 a cardiovascular injury AE that occurs in a heart. UMLS CUI: C0018805 YH myocardial rupture AE 10028604 a heart injury AE that shows a laceration or tearing of the myoardium, which is the muscular tissue of the heart. YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_rupture UMLS CUI: C0018813 hypertensive cardiomyopathy AE 10058222 WEB: http://www.freemd.com/hypertensive-cardiomyopathy/overview.htm a cardiomyopathy AE that is characterized by a weekened heart caused by the effects of high blood pressure. UMLS CUI: C1144799 YH hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy AE 10020204 ASH UMLS CUI: C0007194 IHSS A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy AE where the distortion of normal heart anatomy causes an obstruction of the outflow of blood from the left ventricle of the heart idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Obstructive_and_non-obstructive asymmetric septal hypertrophy YH HOCM hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy AE apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Yamaguchi Syndrome WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cardiomyopathy non-obstructive cardiomyopathy idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy AE where the distortion of normal heart anatomy does not cause an obstruction of the outflow of blood from the left ventricle of the heart WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Obstructive_and_non-obstructive YH Yamaguchi Hypertrophy cardiac function test abnormal AE 10058479 UMLS CUI: C0438177 a cardiovascular investigation result abnormal AE that results in an abnormal result on a test used to evaluate heart function YH WEB: http://www.drsinatra.com/heart-function-tests-to-assess-heart-disease-risk/ WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiology_diagnostic_tests_and_procedures multiple cardiac defects AE 10058479 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiology_diagnostic_tests_and_procedures YH a cardiac disorder AE that results in multiple cardiac defects. UMLS CUI: C0438177 device occlusion AE 10064685 UMLS CUI: C1608397 an injury and procedural complication AE that results in a blockage of a device. YH device AE YH a procedural complication AE that occurs after the usage of a device. Grade 1 skin ulceration AE MW, YH WEB: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Pressure-ulcers/Pages/Symptoms.aspx CTCAE: E13731 a skin ulceration AE that has a combined area of ulcers <1 cm and nonblanchable erythema of intact skin with associated warmth or edema Grade 2 skin ulceration AE 1 0 WEB: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Pressure-ulcers/Pages/Symptoms.aspx a skin ulceration AE that has a combined area of ulcers 1 - 2 cm and partial thickness skin loss involving skin or subcutaneous fat MW, YH CTCAE: E13732 Grade 3 skin ulceration AE CTCAE: E13733 MW, YH WEB: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Pressure-ulcers/Pages/Symptoms.aspx a skin ulceration AE that has a combined area of ulcers >2 cm and full-thickness skin loss involving damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to fascia Grade 4 skin ulceration AE a skin ulceration AE that has any size ulcer with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures with or without full thickness skin loss WEB: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Pressure-ulcers/Pages/Symptoms.aspx MW, YH CTCAE: E13734 Laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia AE 10062667 NCIt: C78414 MW, YH A dysesthesia AE that shows an uncomfortable persistent sensation in the area of the laryngopharynx. CTCAE: E13433 initial hospitalization AE WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm a hospitalization AE that leads to an intial hospitalization. YH, JX prolonged hospitalization AE a hospitalization AE that leads to a prolonged hospitalization. YH, JX WEB: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/HowToReport/ucm053087.htm local AE an adverse event that occurs locally in a certain location. This is different from the systematci adverse event that occurs throughout the systemtic circulation. YH, JX URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_drug_reaction injury or procedural complication AE injury and procedural complication AE an adverse event that shows a result of injury or procedural complication. JX, YH central nervous system AE JX, YH a nervous system AE that occurs in the central nervous system meninges AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meninges JX, YH a nervous system AE that occurs in the area of meninges meninges inflammation AE an inflammation AE which has an outcome of brain inflammation, which is local accumulation of fluid, plasma proteins, and leukocytes in the brain According to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 'encephalitis' is an adverse event that was mentioned in 480 VAERS reports (0.4%) during1991-2001 (Reference: PMID: 12825543). MP: MP_0001847 delusions AE 10012260 a mental disorder that has false personal beliefs held contrary to reality, despite contradictory evidence and common sense. NCIt: C26741 CTCAE: E12904 MW, YH laryngeal inflammation AE 10065735 an inflammation AE that has an inflammation involving the larynx. MW, YH NCIt: C26811 CTCAE: E13411 testicular disorder AE 10043306 a male reproductive system AE that has involvement of the testis. CTCAE: E13215 NCIt: C26890 MW, YH urinary frequency AE 10046539 MW, YH NCIt: C26906 CTCAE: E13039 an urinary system AE that has urination at short intervals. vaginal inflammation AE 10046916 a reproduction system inflammation AE that has inflammation involving the vagina. Symptoms may include redness, edema, marked discomfort and an increase in vaginal discharge. NCIt: C26911 MW, YH CTCAE: E13270 trigeminal nerve disorder AE 10060890 MW, YH a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve). CTCAE: E12841 NCIt: C26952 accessory nerve disorder AE 10060929 NCIt: C26953 MW, YH cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the accessory nerve (eleventh cranial nerve). CTCAE: E12573 hypoglossal nerve disorder AE 10061212 a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the hypoglossal nerve (twelfth cranial nerve). NCIt: C26954 CTCAE: E12692 MW, YH pharyngeal hemorrhage AE 10055315 MW, YH CTCAE: E13460 NCIt: C26986 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the pharynx. brachial plexopathy AE 10065417 NCIt: C27194 a distal neuropathy AE that has regional paresthesia of the brachial plexus, marked discomfort and muscle weakness, and limited movement in the arm or hand. CTCAE: E12601 MW, YH acoustic nerve disorder NOS AE 10000521 MW, YH a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the acoustic nerve (eighth cranial nerve) NCIt: C27207 CTCAE: E12577 olfactory nerve disorder AE 10056388 a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the olfactory nerve (first cranial nerve). CTCAE: E12755 MW, YH NCIt: C27210 glossopharyngeal nerve disorder AE 10061185 NCIt: C27211 a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the glossopharyngeal nerve (ninth cranial nerve). MW, YH CTCAE: E12672 vagus nerve disorder AE 10061403 NCIt: C27591 MW, YH a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve). CTCAE: E12845 abducens nerve disorder AE 10053662 MW, YH NCIt: C27593 a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the abducens nerve (sixth cranial nerve). CTCAE: E12569 facial nerve disorder AE 10061457 a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve). NCIt: C27594 MW, YH CTCAE: E12668 oculomotor nerve disorder AE 10053661 CTCAE: E12751 MW, YH a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the oculomotor nerve (third cranial nerve). NCIt: C27598 dysesthesia AE 10062872 CTCAE: E12639 a sensory neuropathy AE that has distortion of sensory perception, resulting in an abnormal and unpleasant sensation. NCIt: C28246 MW, YH dyspareunia AE 10013941 NCIt: C2997 CTCAE: E13081 a pain AE that has painful or difficult coitus. MW, YH exostosis AE 10015688 CTCAE: E12404 MW, YH NCIt: C3029 a bone disorder AE that has non-neoplastic overgrowth of bone. gynecomastia AE 10018801 CTCAE: E13115 NCIt: C3073 MW, YH an endocrine system AE that has excessive development of the breasts in males. hydrocephalus AE 10020508 NCIt: C3111 MW, YH a brain edema AE that has an abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. CTCAE: E12682 lymphedema AE 10025233 NCIt: C3207 CTCAE: E13802 an edema AE that has excessive fluid collection in tissues that causes swelling. MW, YH menopause AE 10027308 NCIt: C3231 a menstrual disorder AE that has the permanent cessation of menses, usually defined by 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea in a woman over 45 years of age. MW, YH CTCAE: E13750 obesity AE 10029883 CTCAE: E12361 a physical examination result abnormal AE that is having a high amount of body fat. NCIt: C3283 MW, YH adult respiratory distress syndrome AE 10001409 MW, YH a lung inflammation AE that has progressive and life-threatening pulmonary distress in the absence of an underlying pulmonary condition, usually following major trauma or surgery. CTCAE: E13299 NCIt: C3353 Superior vena cava syndrome AE CTCAE: E13819 NCIt: C3396 MW, YH a cardiovascular AE that has obstruction of the blood flow in the superior vena cava. Signs and symptoms include swelling and cyanosis of the face, neck, and upper arms, cough, orthopnea and headache. dysmenorrhea AE 10013934 a menstrual disorder AE that has abnormally painful abdominal cramps during menses. MW, YH NCIt: C34559 CTCAE: E13077 euphoria AE 10015533 a behavior and neurological AE that has an exaggerated feeling of well-being which is disproportionate to events and stimuli. CTCAE: E12915 MW, YH NCIt: C34598 flank pain AE 10016750 CTCAE: E12414 a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation on the lateral side of the body in the region below the ribs and above the hip. MW, YH NCIt: C34615 glucose intolerance AE 10052426 CTCAE: E12264 a metabolic disorder AE that has an inability to properly metabolize glucose. MW, YH NCIt: C34646 hemoglobinuria AE 10019489 MW, YH CTCAE: E13006 NCIt: C34677 an urine abnormality AE that has laboratory test results that indicate the presence of free hemoglobin in the urine. hypohidrosis AE 10021013 a sweating AE that has reduced sweating. MW, YH NCIt: C34718 CTCAE: E13652 kyphosis AE 10023509 NCIt: C34754 a bone disorder AE that has an abnormal increase in the curvature of the thoracic portion of the spine. CTCAE: E12447 MW, YH lordosis AE 10024842 MW, YH CTCAE: E12451 a bone disorder AE that has an abnormal increase in the curvature of the lumbar portion of the spine. NCIt: C34787 oligospermia AE 10030300 a male reproductive system AE that has a decrease in the number of spermatozoa in the semen. CTCAE: E13141 NCIt: C34860 MW, YH avascular necrosis AE 10066480 MW, YH a necrosis AE that has necrotic changes in the bone tissue due to interruption of blood supply. Most often affecting the epiphysis of the long bones, the necrotic changes result in the collapse and the destruction of the bone structure. CTCAE: E12382 NCIt: C34880 bullous dermatitis AE 10006556 CTCAE: E13617 NCIt: C35149 an inflammation AE that has inflammation of the skin characterized by the presence of bullae which are filled with fluid. MW, YH dysphasia AE 10013951 CTCAE: E12646 MW, YH NCIt: C35546 a speech disorder AE that has impairment of verbal communication skills, often resulting from brain damage. vaginal stricture AE 10053496 NCIt: C36064 MW, YH CTCAE: E13290 a female reproductive system AE that has a narrowing of the vaginal canal. alkalosis AE 10001680 CTCAE: E12247 MW, YH a metabolism, endocrine, and exocrine system AE that has abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues. NCIt: C37909 Hiccups AE 10020039 CTCAE: E13380 a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has repeated gulp sounds that result from an involuntary opening and closing of the glottis. This is attributed to a spasm of the diaphragm. MW, YH NCIt: C37966 proteinuria AE 10037032 MW, YH CTCAE: E13008 an urine abnormality AE that has laboratory test results that indicate the presence of excessive protein in the urine. It is predominantly albumin, but also globulin. NCIt: C38012 erythroderma AE 10015277 MW, YH NCIt: C39646 an inflammation AE that has generalized inflammatory erythema and exfoliation. The inflammatory process involves > 90% of the body surface area. CTCAE: E13633 pyramidal tract syndrome AE 10063636 CTCAE: E12780 a syndrome AE that has dysfunction of the corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts of the spinal cord. Symptoms include an increase in the muscle tone in the lower extremities, hyperreflexia, positive Babinski and a decrease in fine motor coordination. MW, YH NCIt: C43245 edema cerebral AE 10014217 MW, YH NCIt: C4909 CTCAE: E12650 a brain edema AE that has swelling due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain. treatment related secondary malignancy AE 10049737 a tumor AE that has development of a malignancy most probably as a result of treatment for a previously existing malignancy. CTCAE: E12561 MW, YH NCIt: C4969 intracranial hemorrhage AE 10022763 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the cranium. MW, YH NCIt: C50438 CTCAE: E12696 fetal death AE 10016479 NCIt: C50620 a death AE that has death in utero; failure of the product of conception to show evidence of respiration, heartbeat, or definite movement of a voluntary muscle after expulsion from the uterus, without possibility of resuscitation. CTCAE: E12855 MW, YH transient ischemic attacks AE 10044391 MW, YH a ischemia AEE that has a brief attack (less than 24 hours) of cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin, with no persistent neurological deficit. CTCAE: E12834 NCIt: C50781 vaginal discharge AE 10046901 CTCAE: E13251 NCIt: C50795 afemale reproductive system AE that has vaginal secretions. Mucus produced by the cervical glands is discharged from the vagina naturally, especially during the childbearing years. MW, YH vasovagal reaction AE 10047166 CTCAE: E12851 MW, YH NCIt: C50798 a sensory capability AE that has a sudden drop of the blood pressure, bradycardia, and peripheral vasodilation that may lead to loss of consciousness. It results from an increase in the stimulation of the vagus nerve. premature delivery AE 10036595 apregnancy AE that has delivery of a viable infant before the normal end of gestation. Typically, viability is achievable between the twentieth and thirty-seventh week of gestation. MW, YH NCIt: C50917 早产 CTCAE: E12867 mania AE 10026749 MW, YH CTCAE: E12936 NCIt: C61374 a psychiatric disorder AE that has excitement of psychotic proportions manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behavior and elevation of mood. hirsutism AE 10020112 MW, YH NCIt: C61444 a hair growth abnormal AE that has the presence of excess hair growth in women in anatomic sites where growth is considered to be a secondary male characteristic and under androgen control (beard, moustache, chest, abdomen) CTCAE: E13642 osteonecrosis of jaw AE 10064658 NCIt: C63924 CTCAE: E12502 a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the bone of the mandible. MW, YH abdominal soft tissue necrosis AE 10065775 MW, YH CTCAE: E12369 a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the abdominal wall. NCIt: C78165 alcohol intolerance AE 10001598 CTCAE: E12242 a metabolic disorder AE that has an increase in sensitivity to the adverse effects of alcohol, which can include nasal congestion, skin flushes, heart dysrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, indigestion and headaches. MW, YH NCIt: C78167 anorgasmia AE 10002652 NCIt: C78177 MW, YH a psychiatric disorder AE that has an inability to achieve orgasm. CTCAE: E12880 bladder perforation AE 10063575 CTCAE: E12979 NCIt: C78208 an urinary system AE that has a rupture in the bladder wall. MW, YH bladder spasm AE 10048994 CTCAE: E12984 MW, YH NCIt: C78210 an urinary system AE that has a sudden and involuntary contraction of the bladder wall. bronchopulmonary hemorrhage AE 10065746 a hemorrhage AE that is bleeding from the bronchial wall and/or lung parenchyma. CTCAE: E13346 MW, YH NCIt: C78224 bronchial obstruction AE 10006440 MW, YH NCIt: C78225 a respiratory system AE that has blockage of a bronchus passage, most often by bronchial secretions and exudates. CTCAE: E13328 bronchial stricture AE 10063524 a respiratory system AE that has a narrowing of the bronchial tube. NCIt: C78226 CTCAE: E13334 MW, YH central nervous system necrosis AE 10065784 a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the brain and/or spinal cord. MW, YH CTCAE: E12605 NCIt: C78236 chest wall pain AE 10008496 NCIt: C78238 MW, YH CTCAE: E12400 a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation in the chest wall region. cystitis noninfective AE 10063057 NCIt: C78250 CTCAE: E12994 MW, YH a cystitis AE that has inflammation of the bladder which is not caused by an infection of the urinary tract. delayed orgasm AE 10057066 MW, YH a psychiatric disorder AE that has sexual dysfunction characterized by a delay in climax. NCIt: C78252 CTCAE: E12895 ejaculation disorder AE 10014326 CTCAE: E13085 NCIt: C78264 MW, YH a male reproductive system AE that has problems related to ejaculation. This category includes premature, delayed, retrograde and painful ejaculation. facial muscle weakness AE 10051272 CTCAE: E12664 MW, YH NCIt: C78290 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the facial muscles. fallopian tube obstruction AE 10065789 NCIt: C78293 CTCAE: E13092 MW, YH a female reproductive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the contents in the fallopian tube. fallopian tube stenosis AE 10065791 a female reproductive system AE that has a narrowing of the fallopian tube lumen. MW, YH NCIt: C78295 CTCAE: E13096 fat atrophy AE 10016241 CTCAE: E13638 a connective tissue disorder AE that has shrinking of adipose tissue. MW, YH NCIt: C78297 female genital tract fistula AE 10061149 NCIt: C78298 CTCAE: E13102 a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between a female reproductive system organ and another organ or anatomic site. MW, YH feminization acquired AE 10054382 CTCAE: E13108 MW, YH NCIt: C78299 an endocrine system AE that has the development of secondary female sex characteristics in males due to extrinsic factors. fibrosis deep connective tissue AE 10065799 MW, YH CTCAE: E12408 a connective tissue disorder AE that has fibrotic degeneration of the deep connective tissues. NCIt: C78301 generalized muscle weakness AE 10062572 MW, YH CTCAE: E12418 NCIt: C78323 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of muscles in multiple anatomic sites. growth suppression AE 10018761 a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that has stature that is smaller than normal as expected for age. NCIt: C78328 CTCAE: E12422 MW, YH head soft tissue necrosis AE 10065779 CTCAE: E12426 MW, YH NCIt: C78331 a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the head. hematosalpinx AE 10060602 a female reproductive system AE that has the presence of blood in a fallopian tube. NCIt: C78332 MW, YH CTCAE: E13119 hypersomnia AE 10020765 a sleep disorder AE that has characterized by excessive sleepiness during the daytime. NCIt: C78346 CTCAE: E12688 MW, YH iron overload AE 10065973 NCIt: C78393 CTCAE: E12350 a homeostasis AE that has accumulation of iron in the tissues. MW, YH ischemia cerebrovascular AE 10023030 an ischemia AE that has a decrease or absence of blood supply to the brain caused by obstruction (thrombosis or embolism) of an artery resulting in neurological damage. MW, YH NCIt: C78394 CTCAE: E12702 IVth nerve disorder AE 10065836 CTCAE: E12705 a cranial neuropathy AE that has involvement of the trochlear nerve (fourth cranial nerve). MW, YH NCIt: C78395 joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE 10065796 NCIt: C78404 a joint disorder AE that has a decrease in flexibility of a cervical spine joint. MW, YH CTCAE: E12439 joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE 10065800 NCIt: C78405 MW, YH CTCAE: E12443 a joint disorder AE that has a decrease in flexibility of a lumbar spine joint. laryngeal fistula AE 10065786 CTCAE: E13399 a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the larynx and another organ or anatomic site. MW, YH NCIt: C78410 laryngeal hemorrhage AE 10065759 MW, YH CTCAE: E13405 NCIt: C78411 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the larynx. laryngeal mucositis AE 10065880 an inflammation AE that has an inflammation involving the mucous membrane of the larynx. NCIt: C78412 CTCAE: E13415 MW, YH laryngeal obstruction AE 10059639 NCIt: C78413 a respiratory system AE that has blockage of the laryngeal airway. MW, YH CTCAE: E13421 libido decreased AE 10024419 CTCAE: E12929 a libido disorder AE that has a decrease in sexual desire. MW, YH NCIt: C78432 libido increased AE 10024421 CTCAE: E12932 a libido disorder AE that has an increase in sexual desire. MW, YH NCIt: C78433 lipohypertrophy AE 10062315 a skin AE that has hypertrophy of the subcutaneous adipose tissue at the site of multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin. NCIt: C78436 CTCAE: E13657 MW, YH lymph leakage AE 10065773 CTCAE: E13797 MW, YH an immune system AE that has the loss of lymph fluid into the surrounding tissue or body cavity. NCIt: C78439 lymphocele AE 10048642 CTCAE: E13806 an immune system AE that has a cystic lesion containing lymph. MW, YH NCIt: C78442 mediastinal hemorrhage AE 10056356 CTCAE: E13444 NCIt: C78443 MW, YH a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the mediastinum. movements involuntary AE 10028041 MW, YH CTCAE: E12728 a movement disorder AE that has uncontrolled and purposeless movements. NCIt: C78453 muscle weakness left-sided AE 10065780 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the muscles on the left side of the body. CTCAE: E12455 NCIt: C78455 MW, YH muscle weakness lower limb AE 10065776 MW, YH CTCAE: E12459 NCIt: C78456 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the lower limb muscles. muscle weakness right-sided AE 10065794 CTCAE: E12463 MW, YH NCIt: C78457 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the muscles on the right side of the body. muscle weakness trunk AE 10065795 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the trunk muscles. MW, YH NCIt: C78458 CTCAE: E12467 muscle weakness upper limb AE 10065895 CTCAE: E12471 MW, YH NCIt: C78459 a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the upper limb muscles. musculoskeletal deformity AE 10065783 MW, YH NCIt: C78488 a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that has a malformation of the musculoskeletal system. CTCAE: E12481 nail discoloration AE 10028691 NCIt: C78492 CTCAE: E13661 MW, YH a nail AE that has a change in the color of the nail plate. nail loss AE 10049281 NCIt: C78494 MW, YH a nail AE that has loss of all or a portion of the nail. CTCAE: E13663 nail ridging AE 10062283 a nail AE that has vertical or horizontal ridges on the nails. CTCAE: E13666 NCIt: C78499 MW, YH neck soft tissue necrosis AE 10065781 CTCAE: E12497 a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the neck. NCIt: C78502 MW, YH nipple deformity AE 10065823 MW, YH CTCAE: E13138 a female reproductive system AE that has a malformation of the nipple. NCIt: C78503 ovarian hemorrhage AE 10065763 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the ovary. NCIt: C78511 MW, YH CTCAE: E13145 ovarian rupture AE 10033279 MW, YH a female reproductive system AE that is tearing or disruption of the ovarian tissue. NCIt: C78513 CTCAE: E13151 ovulation pain AE 10033314 a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation in one side of the abdomen between menstrual cycles, around the time of the discharge of the ovum from the ovarian follicle. MW, YH CTCAE: E13157 NCIt: C78514 pelvic floor muscle weakness AE 10064026 MW, YH a muscular weakness AE that has a reduction in the strength of the muscles of the pelvic floor. NCIt: C78524 CTCAE: E13161 pelvic soft tissue necrosis AE 10065793 CTCAE: E12516 MW, YH a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the pelvis. NCIt: C78525 penile pain AE 10034310 MW, YH NCIt: C78527 CTCAE: E13171 a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation in the penis. personality change AE 10034719 NCIt: C78548 CTCAE: E12942 a psychiatric disorder AE that has a conspicuous change in a person's behavior and thinking. MW, YH pharyngeal fistula AE 10034825 NCIt: C78551 MW, YH CTCAE: E13454 a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the pharynx and another organ or anatomic site. pharyngeal mucositis AE 10065881 an inflammation AE that has an inflammation involving the mucous membrane of the pharynx. CTCAE: E13466 NCIt: C78553 MW, YH pharyngeal necrosis AE 10065706 CTCAE: E13472 a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the pharynx. MW, YH NCIt: C78554 pharyngeal stenosis AE 10050028 NCIt: C78555 MW, YH CTCAE: E13476 a respiratory system AE that has a narrowing of the pharyngeal airway. prostatic hemorrhage AE 10055325 NCIt: C78572 CTCAE: E13181 MW, YH a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the prostate gland. prostatic obstruction AE 10055026 MW, YH a prostatic disorder AE that has compression of the urethra secondary to enlargement of the prostate gland. This results in voiding difficulties (straining to void, slow urine stream, and incomplete emptying of the bladder). CTCAE: E13187 NCIt: C78573 prostatic pain AE 10036968 NCIt: C78574 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the prostate gland. CTCAE: E13191 MW, YH psychosis AE 10037234 MW, YH NCIt: C78576 a psychiatric disorder AE that has personality change, impaired functioning, and loss of touch with reality. It may be a manifestation of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or brain tumor. CTCAE: E12954 pulmonary fistula AE 10065873 a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the lung and another organ or anatomic site. CTCAE: E13533 MW, YH NCIt: C78577 radiculitis AE 10061928 MW, YH an inflammation AE that has inflammation involving a nerve root. Patients experience marked discomfort radiating along a nerve path because of spinal pressure on the connecting nerve root. NCIt: C78581 CTCAE: E12786 recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy AE 10038130 NCIt: C78592 CTCAE: E12792 MW, YH a recurrent alsy AE that occurs at the laryngeal nerve. renal colic AE 10038419 NCIt: C78593 CTCAE: E13024 a renal calculus AE that has paroxysmal and severe flank marked discomfort radiating to the inguinal area. Often, the cause is the passage of kidney stones. MW, YH renal hemorrhage AE 10038463 MW, YH a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the kidney. CTCAE: E13028 NCIt: C78594 retinoic acid syndrome AE 10038921 NCIt: C78597 MW, YH CTCAE: E13554 a syndrome AE that has weight gain, dyspnea, pleural and pericardial effusions, leukocytosis and/or renal failure originally described in patients treated with all-trans retinoic acid. scoliosis AE 10039722 CTCAE: E12521 NCIt: C78603 a bone disorder AE that has a malformed, lateral curvature of the spine. MW, YH scrotal pain AE 10039757 NCIt: C78607 a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation in the scrotal area. MW, YH CTCAE: E13201 sinus pain AE 10040747 CTCAE: E12810 a pain AE that has marked discomfort in the face, between the eyes, or upper teeth originating from the sinuses. NCIt: C78609 MW, YH skin induration AE 10051837 CTCAE: E13724 MW, YH an induration AE that has an area of hardness in the skin. NCIt: C78611 soft tissue necrosis lower limb AE 10065777 NCIt: C78620 CTCAE: E12525 MW, YH a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the lower extremity. soft tissue necrosis upper limb AE 10065778 MW, YH a necrosis AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the soft tissues of the upper extremity. CTCAE: E12530 NCIt: C78621 spermatic cord hemorrhage AE 10065762 NCIt: C78623 MW, YH a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the spermatic cord. CTCAE: E13205 spermatic cord obstruction AE 10065805 NCIt: C78624 MW, YH a male reproductive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the contents of the spermatic cord. CTCAE: E13211 superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE 10065798 a connective tissue disorder AE that has fibrotic degeneration of the superficial soft tissues. NCIt: C78633 MW, YH CTCAE: E12535 testicular hemorrhage AE 10055347 MW, YH NCIt: C78635 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the testis. CTCAE: E13221 testicular pain AE 10043345 MW, YH a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the testis. CTCAE: E13227 NCIt: C78636 tracheal fistula AE 10065787 MW, YH a fistula AE that hasan abnormal communication between the trachea and another organ or anatomic site. CTCAE: E13583 NCIt: C78641 tracheal mucositis AE 10065900 an inflammation AE that has an inflammation involving the mucous membrane of the trachea. MW, YH NCIt: C78644 CTCAE: E13589 tracheal stenosis AE 10050816 NCIt: C78646 CTCAE: E13595 a respiratory system AE that has a narrowing of the trachea. MW, YH tumor pain AE 10045158 a pain AE that has marked discomfort from a neoplasm that may be pressing on a nerve, blocking blood vessels, inflamed or fractured from metastasis. MW, YH CTCAE: E12565 NCIt: C78656 unequal limb length AE 10065738 NCIt: C78657 a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE that hasa discrepancy between the lengths of the lower or upper extremities. MW, YH CTCAE: E12545 urine discoloration AE 10046628 MW, YH an urine abnormality AE that has a change in the color of the urine. CTCAE: E13065 NCIt: C78678 uterine fistula AE 10065811 a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the uterus and another organ or anatomic site. NCIt: C78685 CTCAE: E13231 MW, YH uterine obstruction AE 10065928 MW, YH an urinary system AE that has blockage of the uterine outlet. CTCAE: E13243 NCIt: C78693 uterine pain AE 10046809 NCIt: C78694 MW, YH a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the uterus. CTCAE: E13247 vaginal dryness AE 10046904 MW, YH NCIt: C78699 a female reproductive system AE that has an uncomfortable feeling of itching and burning in the vagina. CTCAE: E13254 vaginal obstruction AE 10065817 CTCAE: E13276 NCIt: C78700 a female reproductive system AE that has blockage of vaginal canal. MW, YH vaginal pain AE 10046937 MW, YH CTCAE: E13280 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the vagina. NCIt: C78701 vaginal perforation AE 10065818 CTCAE: E13284 NCIt: C78702 a female reproductive system AE that has a rupture in the vaginal wall. MW, YH vaginismus AE 10046947 CTCAE: E13295 NCIt: C78703 a female reproductive system AE that hasinvoluntary spasms of the pelvic floor muscles, resulting in pathologic tightness of the vaginal wall during penetration such as during sexual intercourse. MW, YH visceral arterial ischemia AE 10054692 NCIt: C78712 an ischemia AE that has a decrease in blood supply due to narrowing or blockage of a visceral (mesenteric) artery. MW, YH CTCAE: E13843 body odor AE 10005901 a skin AE that has an abnormal body smell resulting from the growth of bacteria on the body. MW, YH CTCAE: E13614 NCIt: C79542 bronchial fistula AE 10006437 NCIt: C79543 MW, YH a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the bronchus and another organ or anatomic site. CTCAE: E13322 extrapyramidal disorder AE 10015832 NCIt: C79593 CTCAE: E12658 MW, YH a nervous system AE that has an abnormal, repetitive, involuntary muscle movements, frenzied speech and extreme restlessness. hypertrichosis AE 10020864 MW, YH CTCAE: E13649 a hair growth abnormal AE that has hair density or length beyond the accepted limits of normal in a particular body region, for a particular age or race. NCIt: C79597 lactation disorder AE 10061261 NCIt: C79606 a female reproductive system AE that has disturbances of milk secretion. It is not necessarily related to pregnancy that is observed in females and can be observed in males. CTCAE: E13129 MW, YH laryngeal stenosis AE 10023862 MW, YH CTCAE: E13427 a respiratory system AE that has a narrowing of the laryngeal airway. NCIt: C79608 meningismus AE 10027198 MW, YH CTCAE: E12722 a nervous system AE that has neck stiffness, headache, and photophobia resulting from irritation of the cerebral meninges. NCIt: C79694 phantom pain AE 10056238 MW, YH CTCAE: E12774 a pain AE that has marked discomfort related to a limb or an organ that is removed from or is not physically part of the body. NCIt: C79703 scalp pain AE 10049120 NCIt: C79716 a pain AE that has marked discomfort sensation in the skin covering the top and the back of the head. CTCAE: E13704 MW, YH unintended pregnancy AE 10045542 CTCAE: E12872 a pregnancy AE that has an unexpected pregnancy at the time of conception. NCIt: C79801 MW, YH urinary tract obstruction AE 10061574 MW, YH CTCAE: E13052 an urinary system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of contents of the urinary tract. NCIt: C79805 vaginal fistula AE 10065813 CTCAE: E13258 NCIt: C79847 a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between the vagina and another organ or anatomic site. MW, YH urinary fistula AE 10065368 MW, YH NCIt: C79850 CTCAE: E13034 a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between any part of the urinary system and another organ or anatomic site. azoospermia AE 10003883 a male reproductive system AE that has laboratory test results that indicate complete absence of spermatozoa in the semen. CTCAE: E13067 MW, YH NCIt: C80076 chronic kidney disease AE 10064848 MW, YH CTCAE: E12988 a renal failure AE that has gradual and usually permanent loss of kidney function resulting in renal failure. NCIt: C80078 concentration impairment AE 10010250 NCIt: C80081 MW, YH a behavior and neurological AE that has a deterioration in the ability to concentrate. CTCAE: E12621 fetal growth retardation AE 10054746 MW, YH NCIt: C80083 a fetal disorder AE that has inhibition of fetal growth resulting in the inability of the fetus to achieve its potential weight. CTCAE: E12857 premature menopause AE 10036601 MW, YH a menstrual disorder AE that has ovarian failure before the age of 40. Symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings and a decrease in sex drive. NCIt: C80099 CTCAE: E13179 leukemia secondary to oncology chemotherapy AE 10048293 NCIt: C80691 a tumor AE that has leukemia arising as a result of the mutagenic effect of chemotherapy agents. CTCAE: E12549 MW, YH bronchopleural fistula AE 10053481 MW, YH NCIt: C80694 CTCAE: E13340 a fistula AE that has an abnormal communication between a bronchus and the pleural cavity. urinary tract pain AE 10062225 CTCAE: E13058 NCIt: C83493 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the urinary tract. MW, YH breast atrophy AE 10006179 MW, YH a female reproductive system AE that has underdevelopment of the breast. NCIt: C83494 CTCAE: E13069 medical procedure YH, SS a medical intervention that refers to any series of pre-defined steps that should be followed to achieve a desired result. WEB: http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-the-difference-between-a-surgery-and-a-procedure.htm incision site AE an AE that occurs in an incision site. YH, SS incision site a medical intervention site that is used for incision for a surgery. YH, SS Grade 1 lymphedema AE CTCAE: E13803 a hymphedema AE that has trace thickening or faint discoloration YH, MW Grade 2 lymphedema AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13804 a hymphedema AE that has marked discoloration; leathery skin texture; papillary formation; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 1 superior vena cava syndrome AE CTCAE: E13820 a superior vena cava syndrome AE that has asymptomatic; incidental finding of SVC thrombosis YH, MW Grade 2 superior vena cava syndrome AE a superior vena cava syndrome AEthat has symptomatic; medical intervention indicated (e.g., anticoagulation, radiation or chemotherapy) CTCAE: E13821 YH, MW Grade 3 superior vena cava syndrome AE a superior vena cava syndrome AE that has severe symptoms; multi-modality intervention indicated (e.g., anticoagulation, chemotherapy, radiation, stenting) YH, MW CTCAE: E13822 Grade 4 superior vena cava syndrome AE a superior vena cava syndrome AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent multi-modality intervention indicated (e.g., lysis, thrombectomy, surgery) CTCAE: E13823 YH, MW Grade 1 thromboembolic event AE a thromboembolic event AE that has venous thrombosis (e.g., superficial thrombosis) YH, MW CTCAE: E13826 Grade 2 thromboembolic event AE a thromboembolic event AE that has venous thrombosis (e.g., uncomplicated deep vein thrombosis), medical intervention indicated YH, MW CTCAE: E13827 Grade 3 thromboembolic event AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13828 a thromboembolic event AE that has thrombosis (e.g., uncomplicated pulmonary embolism [venous], non-embolic cardiac mural [arterial] thrombus), medical intervention indicated Grade 4 thromboembolic event AE a thromboembolic event AE that has life-threatening (e.g., pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular event, arterial insufficiency); hemodynamic or neurologic instability; urgent intervention indicated CTCAE: E13829 YH, MW Grade 2 visceral arterial ischemia AE a visceral arterial ischemia AE that has brief (<24 hrs) episode of ischemia managed medically and without permanent deficit YH, MW CTCAE: E13844 Grade 3 visceral arterial ischemia AE CTCAE: E13845 a visceral arterial ischemia AE that has prolonged (>=24 hrs) or recurring symptoms and/or invasive intervention indicated YH, MW Grade 1 menopause AE YH, MW a menopause AE that the menopause occurres at age 46 - 53 years of age CTCAE: E13751 Grade 2 menopause AE a menopause AE that the menopause occurres at age 40 - 45 years of age CTCAE: E13752 YH, MW Grade 3 menopause AE CTCAE: E13753 a menopause AE that the menopause occurres before age 40 years of age YH, MW Grade 1 body odor AE a body odor AE that has mild odor; physician intervention not indicated; self care interventions YH, MW CTCAE: E13615 Grade 2 body odor AE CTCAE: E13616 YH, MW a body odor AE that has pronounced odor; psychosocial impact; patient seeks medical intervention Grade 1 bullous dermatitis AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13618 a bullous AE that has asymptomatic; blisters covering <10% BSA Grade 2 bullous dermatitis AE YH, MW a bullous AE that has blisters covering 10 - 30% BSA; painful blisters; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E13619 Grade 3 bullous dermatitis AE YH, MW a bullous AE that has blisters covering >30% BSA; limiting self care ADL CTCAE: E13620 Grade 4 bullous dermatitis AE CTCAE: E13621 a bullous AE that has blisters covering >30% BSA; associated with fluid or electrolyte abnormalities; ICU care or burn unit indicated YH, MW Grade 2 erythroderma AE YH, MW an erythroderma AE that has erythema covering >90% BSA without associated symptoms; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E13634 Grade 3 erythroderma AE an erythroderma AE that has erythema covering >90% BSA with associated symptoms (e.g., pruritus or tenderness); limiting self care ADL CTCAE: E13635 YH, MW Grade 4 erythroderma AE YH, MW an erythroderma AE that has erythema covering >90% BSA with associated fluid or electrolyte abnormalities; ICU care or burn unit indicated CTCAE: E13636 Grade 1 fat atrophy AE a fat atrophy AE that is covering <10% BSA and asymptomatic YH, MW CTCAE: E13639 Grade 2 fat atrophy AE a fat atrophy AE that is covering 10 - 30% BSA and associated with erythema or tenderness; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E13640 YH, MW Grade 3 fat atrophy AE CTCAE: E13641 a fat atrophy AE that is covering >30% BSA; associated with erythema or tenderness; limiting self-care ADL YH, MW Grade 1 hirsutism AE a hirsutism AE that is In women, increase in length, thickness or density of hair in a male distribution that the patient is able to camouflage by periodic shaving, bleaching, or removal of hair YH, MW CTCAE: E13643 Grade 2 hirsutism AE a hirsutism AE that In women, increase in length, thickness or density of hair in a male distribution that requires daily shaving or consistent destructive means of hair removal to camouflage; associated with psychosocial impact YH, MW CTCAE: E13644 Grade 1 hypertrichosis AE a hypertrichosis AE that has increased in length, thickness or density of hair. The patient is either able to camouflage by periodic shaving or removal of hairs or is not concerned enough about the overgrowth to use any form of hair removal YH, MW CTCAE: E13650 Grade 2 hypertrichosis AE CTCAE: E13651 YH, MW a hypertrichosis AE that has increased in length, thickness or density of hair at least on the usual exposed areas of the body [face (not limited to beard/moustache area) plus/minus arms] that requires frequent shaving or use of destructive means of hair removal to camouflage; associated with psychosocial impact Grade 3 hypohidrosis AE a hypertrichosis AE that has increased in body temperature; limiting self care ADL CTCAE: E13654 YH, MW Grade 4 hypohidrosis AE YH, MW a hypertrichosis AE that has heat stroke CTCAE: E13655 Grade 1 lipohypertrophy AE a lipohypertrophy AE that has asymptomatic and covering <10% BSA CTCAE: E13658 YH, MW Grade 2 lipohypertrophy AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13659 a lipohypertrophy AE that covers 10 - 30% BSA and associated tenderness; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 lipohypertrophy AE YH, MW a lipohypertrophy AE that covers >30% BSA and associated tenderness and narcotics or NSAIDs indicated; lipohypertrophy; limiting self care ADL CTCAE: E13660 Grade 1 nail loss AE a nail loss AE that has asymptomatic separation of the nail bed from the nail plate or nail loss CTCAE: E13664 YH, MW Grade 2 nail loss AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13665 a nail loss AE that has symptomatic separation of the nail bed from the nail plate or nail loss; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 1 rash acneiform AE CTCAE: E13695 a rash acneiform AE that has papules and/or pustules covering <10% BSA, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness YH, MW Grade 2 rash acneiform AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13696 a rash acneiform AE that has papules and/or pustules covering 10 - 30% BSA, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness; associated with psychosocial impact; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 rash acneiform AE a rash acneiform AE that has papules and/or pustules covering >30% BSA, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness; limiting self care ADL; associated with local superinfection with oral antibiotics indicated YH, MW CTCAE: E13697 Grade 4 rash acneiform AE CTCAE: E13698 a rash acneiform AE that has papules and/or pustules covering any % BSA, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness and are associated with extensive superinfection with IV antibiotics indicated; life-threatening consequences YH, MW Grade 1 rash maculo-papular AE CTCAE: E13701 YH, MW a rash maculopapular AE that has macules/papules covering <10% BSA with or without symptoms (e.g., pruritus, burning, tightness) Grade 2 rash maculo-papular AE YH, MW a rash maculopapular AE that has macules/papules covering 10 - 30% BSA with or without symptoms (e.g., pruritus, burning, tightness); limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E13702 Grade 3 rash maculo-papular AE CTCAE: E13703 a rash maculopapular AE that has macules/papules covering >30% BSA with or without associated symptoms; limiting self care ADL YH, MW Grade 1 skin induration AE YH, MW a skin induration AE that has mild induration, able to move skin parallel to plane (sliding) and perpendicular to skin (pinching up) CTCAE: E13725 Grade 2 skin induration AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13726 a skin induration AE that has moderate induration, able to slide skin, unable to pinch skin; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 skin induration AE CTCAE: E13727 YH, MW a skin induration AE that has severe induration, unable to slide or pinch skin; limiting joint movement or orifice (e.g., mouth, anus); limiting self care ADL Grade 4 skin induration AE a skin induration AE that has generalized; associated with signs or symptoms of impaired breathing or feeding YH, MW CTCAE: E13728 Grade 2 bronchial fistula AE CTCAE: E13324 a bronchial fistula AE that has symptomatic; tube thoracostomy or medical management indicated; limiting instrumental ADL YH, MW Grade 3 bronchial fistula AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13325 a bronchial fistula AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; endoscopic or operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent or primary closure) Grade 4 bronchial fistula AE YH, MW a bronchial fistula AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention with thoracoplasty, chronic open drainage or multiple thoracotomies indicated CTCAE: E13326 Grade 2 bronchial obstruction AE CTCAE: E13330 YH, MW a bronchial obstruction AE that has symptomatic (e.g., mild wheezing); endoscopic evaluation indicated; radiographic evidence of atelectasis/lobar collapse; medical management indicated (e.g., steroids, bronchodilators) Grade 3 bronchial obstruction AE a bronchial obstruction AE that has shortness of breath with stridor; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., laser, stent placement) CTCAE: E13331 YH, MW Grade 2 bronchial stricture AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13336 a bronchial stricture AE that AE symptomatic (e.g., rhonchi or wheezing) but without respiratory distress; medical intervention indicated (e.g., steroids, bronchodilators) Grade 3 bronchial stricture AE CTCAE: E13337 a bronchial stricture AE that AE shortness of breath with stridor; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., laser, stent placement) YH, MW Grade 3 bronchopleural fistula AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13343 a bronchopleural fistula AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; endoscopic or operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent or primary closure) Grade 4 bronchopleural fistula AE CTCAE: E13344 a bronchopleural fistula AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention with thoracoplasty, chronic open drainage or multiple thoracotomies indicated YH, MW Grade 2 laryngeal fistula AE a laryngeal fistula AE that has symptomatic; tube thoracostomy or medical management indicated; limiting instrumental ADL YH, MW CTCAE: E13401 Grade 3 laryngeal fistula AE a laryngeal fistula AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; endoscopic or operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent or primary closure) YH, MW CTCAE: E13402 Grade 4 laryngeal fistula AE YH, MW a laryngeal fistula AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated (e.g., thoracoplasty, chronic open drainage or multiple thoracotomies) CTCAE: E13403 Grade 1 laryngeal hemorrhage AE a laryngeal hemorrhage AE that has mild cough or trace hemoptysis; laryngoscopic findings YH, MW CTCAE: E13406 Grade 1 laryngeal inflammation AE a laryngeal inflammation AE that has mild sore throat; raspy voice YH, MW CTCAE: E13412 Grade 2 laryngeal inflammation AE YH, MW a laryngeal inflammation AE that has moderate sore throat; analgesics indicated CTCAE: E13413 Grade 3 laryngeal inflammation AE CTCAE: E13414 a laryngeal inflammation AE that has severe throat pain; endoscopic intervention indicated YH, MW Grade 1 laryngeal mucositis AE YH, MW a laryngeal mucositis AE that has endoscopic findings only; mild discomfort with normal intake CTCAE: E13416 Grade 2 laryngeal mucositis AE CTCAE: E13417 a laryngeal mucositis AE that has moderate discomfort; altered oral intake YH, MW Grade 3 laryngeal mucositis AE CTCAE: E13418 YH, MW a laryngeal mucositis AE that has severe pain; severely altered eating/swallowing; medical intervention indicated Grade 4 laryngeal mucositis AE CTCAE: E13419 YH, MW a laryngeal mucositis AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation) Grade 2 laryngeal obstruction AE a laryngeal obstruction AE that has symptomatic (e.g., noisy airway breathing), but causing no respiratory distress; medical management indicated (e.g., steroids); limiting instrumental ADL YH, MW CTCAE: E13423 Grade 3 laryngeal obstruction AE a laryngeal obstruction AE that has limiting self care ADL; stridor; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser) CTCAE: E13424 YH, MW Grade 2 laryngeal stenosis AE CTCAE: E13429 YH, MW a laryngeal stenosis AE that has symptomatic (e.g., noisy airway breathing), but causing no respiratory distress; medical management indicated (e.g., steroids) Grade 3 laryngeal stenosis AE CTCAE: E13430 YH, MW a laryngeal stenosis AE that has limiting self care ADL; stridor; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser) Grade 2 laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia AE a laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia AE that has moderate symptoms; mild anxiety, but no dyspnea; short duration of observation and or anxiolytic indicated; limiting instrumental ADL YH, MW CTCAE: E13435 Grade 3 laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia AE YH, MW a laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia AE that has severe symptoms; dyspnea and swallowing difficulty; limiting self care ADL CTCAE: E13436 Grade 2 laryngospasm AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13440 a laryngospasm AE that has transient episode; intervention not indicated Grade 3 laryngospasm AE CTCAE: E13441 a laryngospasm AE that has recurrent episodes; noninvasive intervention indicated (e.g., breathing technique, pressure point massage) YH, MW Grade 4 laryngospasm AE a laryngospasm AE that has persistent or severe episodes associated with syncope; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., fiberoptic laryngoscopy, intubation, botox injection) CTCAE: E13442 YH, MW Grade 2 pharyngeal fistula AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13456 a pharyngeal fistula AE that has symptomatic; tube thoracostomy or medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 pharyngeal fistula AE CTCAE: E13457 a pharyngeal fistula AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; endoscopic or operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent or primary closure) YH, MW Grade 1 pharyngeal mucositis AE a pharyngeal mucositis AE that has endoscopic findings only; minimal symptoms with normal oral intake; mild pain but analgesics not indicated CTCAE: E13467 YH, MW Grade 2 pharyngeal mucositis AE a pharyngeal mucositis AE that has moderate pain and analgesics indicated; altered oral intake; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E13468 YH, MW Grade 3 pharyngeal mucositis AE CTCAE: E13469 a pharyngeal mucositis AE that has severe pain; unable to adequately aliment or hydrate orally; limiting self care ADL YH, MW Grade 3 pharyngeal necrosis AE CTCAE: E13473 YH, MW a pharyngeal necrosis AE that has inability to aliment adequately by GI tract; tube feeding or TPN indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated Grade 2 pharyngeal stenosis AE CTCAE: E13478 YH, MW a pharyngeal stenosis AE that has symptomatic (e.g., noisy airway breathing), but causing no respiratory distress; medical management indicated (e.g., steroids); limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 pharyngeal stenosis AE YH, MW a pharyngeal stenosis AE that has limiting self care ADL; stridor; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser) CTCAE: E13479 Grade 4 pharyngeal stenosis AE a pharyngeal stenosis AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation) YH, MW CTCAE: E13480 Grade 2 pulmonary fistula AE CTCAE: E13535 a pulmonary fistula AE that has symptomatic; tube thoracostomy or medical management indicated; limiting instrumental ADL YH, MW Grade 3 pulmonary fistula AE a pulmonary fistula AE that has limiting self care ADL; endoscopic stenting or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E13536 YH, MW Grade 1 retinoic acid syndrome AE a retinoic acid syndrome AE that has fluid retention; <3 kg of weight gain; intervention with fluid restriction and/or diuretics indicated YH, MW CTCAE: E13555 Grade 1 sleep apnea AE a sleep apnea AE that has snoring and nocturnal sleep arousal without apneic periods CTCAE: E13567 YH, MW Grade 2 sleep apnea AE YH, MW a sleep apnea AE that has moderate apnea and oxygen desaturation; excessive daytime sleepiness; medical evaluation indicated; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E13568 Grade 3 sleep apnea AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13569 a sleep apnea AE that has oxygen desaturation; associated with hypertension; medical intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL Grade 4 sleep apnea AE a sleep apnea AE that has cardiovascular or neuropsychiatric symptoms; urgent operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E13570 YH, MW Grade 2 tracheal fistula AE CTCAE: E13585 YH, MW a tracheal fistula AE that has symptomatic; tube thoracostomy or medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 tracheal fistula AE a tracheal fistula AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; endoscopic or operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent or primary closure) YH, MW CTCAE: E13586 Grade 4 tracheal fistula AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13587 a tracheal fistula AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated (e.g., thoracoplasty, chronic open drainage or multiple thoracotomies) Grade 1 tracheal mucositis AE CTCAE: E13590 YH, MW a tracheal mucositis AE that has endoscopic findings only; minimal hemoptysis, pain, or respiratory symptoms Grade 3 tracheal mucositis AE YH, MW a tracheal mucositis AE that has severe pain; hemorrhage or respiratory symptoms; limiting self care ADL CTCAE: E13592 Grade 2 tracheal stenosis AE CTCAE: E13597 YH, MW a tracheal stenosis AE that has symptomatic (e.g., noisy airway breathing), but causing no respiratory distress; medical management indicated (e.g., steroids) Grade 3 tracheal stenosis AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13598 a tracheal stenosis AE that has stridor or respiratory distress limiting self care ADL; endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser) Grade 4 tracheal stenosis AE CTCAE: E13599 a tracheal stenosis AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation) YH, MW Grade 3 azoospermia AE an azoospermia AE that has absence of sperm in ejaculate CTCAE: E13068 YH, MW Grade 3 breast atrophy AE A breast atrophy AE that has asymmetry >1/3 of breast volume; severe atrophy YH, MW CTCAE: E13072 Grade 1 ejaculation disorder AE an ejaculation disorder AE that has diminished ejaculation CTCAE: E13086 YH, MW Grade 2 ejaculation disorder AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13087 an ejaculation disorder AE that has anejaculation or retrograde ejaculation Grade 1 genital edema AE CTCAE: E13112 a genital edema AE that has mild swelling or obscuration of anatomic architecture on close inspection YH, MW Grade 2 genital edema AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13113 a genital edema AE that has readily apparent obscuration of anatomic architecture; obliteration of skin folds; readily apparent deviation from normal anatomic contour Grade 3 genital edema AE CTCAE: E13114 a genital edema AE that has lymphorrhea; gross deviation from normal anatomic contour; limiting self care ADL YH, MW Grade 1 gynecomastia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13116 a gynecomastia AE that has asymptomatic breast enlargement Grade 2 gynecomastia AE CTCAE: E13117 a gynecomastia AE that has symptomatic (e.g., pain or psychosocial impact) YH, MW Grade 1 hematosalpinx AE CTCAE: E13120 YH, MW a hematosalpinx AE that has minimal bleeding identified on imaging study or laparoscopy; intervention not indicated Grade 1 irregular menstruation AE CTCAE: E13126 YH, MW an irregular menstruation AE that has intermittent menses with skipped menses for no more than 1 to 3 months Grade 2 irregular menstruation AE an irregular menstruation AE that has intermittent menses with skipped menses for more than 4 to 6 months YH, MW CTCAE: E13127 Grade 3 irregular menstruation AE YH, MW an irregular menstruation AE that has persistent amenorrhea for more than 6 months CTCAE: E13128 Grade 1 lactation disorder AE CTCAE: E13130 YH, MW a lactation disorder AE that has mild changes in lactation, not significantly affecting production or expression of breast milk Grade 2 lactation disorder AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13131 a lactation disorder AE that has changes in lactation, significantly affecting breast production or expression of breast milk Grade 1 nipple deformity AE CTCAE: E13139 a nipple deformity AE that has asymptomatic; asymmetry with slight retraction and/or thickening of the nipple areolar complex YH, MW Grade 2 nipple deformity AE CTCAE: E13140 a nipple deformity AE that has symptomatic; asymmetry of nipple areolar complex with moderate retraction and/or thickening of the nipple areolar complex YH, MW Grade 1 oligospermia AE CTCAE: E13142 an oligospermia AE requires sperm concentration >48 million/mL or motility >68% YH, MW Grade 2 oligospermia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13143 an oligospermia AE requires sperm concentration 13 - 48 million/mL or motility 32 - 68% Grade 3 oligospermia AE CTCAE: E13144 an oligospermia AE requires sperm concentration <13 million/mL or motility <32% YH, MW Grade 2 testicular disorder AE CTCAE: E13217 YH, MW a testicular disorder AE that has symptomatic but not interfering with urination or sexual activities; intervention not indicated; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 testicular disorder AE a testicular disorder AE that has severe symptoms; interfering with urination or sexual function; limiting self care ADL; intervention indicated CTCAE: E13218 YH, MW Grade 1 vaginal discharge AE a vaginal discharge AE that has mild vaginal discharge (greater than baseline for patient) CTCAE: E13252 YH, MW Grade 2 vaginal discharge AE a vaginal discharge AE that has moderate to heavy vaginal discharge; use of perineal pad or tampon indicated YH, MW CTCAE: E13253 Grade 2 bladder spasm AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12986 a bladder spasm AE that has antispasmodics indicated Grade 3 bladder spasm AE YH, MW a bladder spasm AE that has hospitalization indicated CTCAE: E12987 Grade 1 chronic kidney disease AE CTCAE: E12989 a chronic kidney disease AE that requires eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) or CrCl (creatinine clearance) <LLN - 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria 2+ present; urine protein/creatinine >0.5 YH, MW Grade 2 chronic kidney disease AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12990 a chronic kidney disease AE that requires eGFR or CrCl 59 - 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 Grade 3 chronic kidney disease AE CTCAE: E12991 a chronic kidney disease AE that requires eGFR or CrCl 29 - 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 YH, MW Grade 4 chronic kidney disease AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12992 a chronic kidney disease AE that requires eGFR or CrCl <15 ml/min/1.73 m2; dialysis or renal transplant indicated Grade 1 cystitis noninfective AE a cystitis noninfective AE that has microscopic hematuria; minimal increase in frequency, urgency, dysuria, or nocturia; new onset of incontinence YH, MW CTCAE: E12995 Grade 2 cystitis noninfective AE a cystitis noninfective AE that has moderate hematuria; moderate increase in frequency, urgency, dysuria, nocturia or incontinence; urinary catheter placement or bladder irrigation indicated; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E12996 YH, MW Grade 3 cystitis noninfective AE CTCAE: E12997 a cystitis noninfective AE that has gross hematuria; transfusion, IV medications or hospitalization indicated; elective endoscopic, radiologic or operative intervention indicated YH, MW Grade 1 proteinuria AE a proteinuria AE that requires 1+ proteinuria; urinary protein <1.0 g/24 hrs YH, MW CTCAE: E13009 Grade 2 proteinuria AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13010 a proteinuria AE that requires Grade 3 proteinuria AE CTCAE: E13011 a proteinuria AE that requires YH, MW Grade 1 renal calculi AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13019 a renal calculi AE that has asymptomatic or mild symptoms; occasional use of nonprescription analgesics indicated Grade 2 renal calculi AE a renal calculi AE that has symptomatic; oral antiemetics indicated; around the clock nonprescription analgesics or any oral narcotic analgesics indicated CTCAE: E13020 YH, MW Grade 3 renal calculi AE YH, MW a renal calculi AE that has hospitalization indicated; IV intervention (e.g., analgesics, antiemetics); elective endoscopic or radiologic intervention indicated CTCAE: E13021 Grade 2 urinary fistula AE CTCAE: E13035 YH, MW an urinary fistula AE that has noninvasive intervention indicated; urinary or suprapubic catheter placement indicated Grade 3 urinary fistula AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13036 an urinary fistula AE that has limiting self care ADL; elective radiologic, endoscopic or operative intervention indicated; permanent urinary diversion indicated Grade 2 urinary tract obstruction AE an urinary tract obstruction AE that has symptomatic but no hydronephrosis, sepsis or renal dysfunction; urethral dilation, urinary or suprapubic catheter indicated CTCAE: E13054 YH, MW Grade 3 urinary tract obstruction AE YH, MW an urinary tract obstruction AE that has symptomatic and altered organ function (e.g., hydronephrosis, or renal dysfunction); elective radiologic, endoscopic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E13055 Grade 1 mania AE CTCAE: E12937 YH, MW a mania AE that has mild manic symptoms (e.g., elevated mood, rapid thoughts, rapid speech, decreased need for sleep) Grade 2 mania AE CTCAE: E12938 YH, MW a mania AE that has moderate manic symptoms (e.g., relationship and work difficulties; poor hygiene) Grade 3 mania AE YH, MW a mania AE that has severe manic symptoms (e.g., hypomania; major sexual or financial indiscretions); hospitalization not indicated CTCAE: E12939 Grade 2 fetal growth retardation AE a fetal growth retardation AE that has <10% percentile of weight for gestational age YH, MW CTCAE: E12858 Grade 3 fetal growth retardation AE a fetal growth retardation AE that has <5% percentile of weight for gestational age CTCAE: E12859 YH, MW Grade 4 fetal growth retardation AE a fetal growth retardation AE that has <1% percentile of weight for gestational age CTCAE: E12860 YH, MW Grade 1 premature delivery AE CTCAE: E12868 YH, MW a premature delivery AE that has delivery of a liveborn infant at >34 to 37 weeks gestation Grade 2 premature delivery AE a premature delivery AE that has delivery of a liveborn infant at >28 to 34 weeks gestation CTCAE: E12869 YH, MW Grade 3 premature delivery AE YH, MW a premature delivery AE that has delivery of a liveborn infant at 24 to 28 weeks gestation CTCAE: E12870 Grade 4 premature delivery AE CTCAE: E12871 YH, MW a premature delivery AE that has delivery of a liveborn infant at 24 weeks of gestation or less Grade 1 spasticity AE a spasticity AE that has mild or slight increase in muscle tone CTCAE: E12821 YH, MW Grade 2 spasticity AE a spasticity AE that has moderate increase in muscle tone and increase in resistance through range of motion CTCAE: E12822 YH, MW Grade 3 spasticity AE a spasticity AE that has severe increase in muscle tone and increase in resistance through range of motion YH, MW CTCAE: E12823 Grade 4 spasticity AE YH, MW a spasticity AE that has life-threatening; unable to move active or passive range of motion CTCAE: E12824 Grade 3 treatment related secondary malignancy AE CTCAE: E12562 YH, MW a treatment related secondary malignancy AE that has non life-threatening secondary malignancy Grade 4 treatment related secondary malignancy AE a treatment related secondary malignancy AE that has acute life-threatening secondary malignancy; blast crisis in leukemia YH, MW CTCAE: E12563 Grade 2 abdominal soft tissue necrosis AE YH, MW an abdominal soft tissue necrosis AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications) CTCAE: E12370 Grade 3 abdominal soft tissue necrosis AE CTCAE: E12371 an abdominal soft tissue necrosis AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g. tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting) YH, MW Grade 1 fibrosis deep connective tissue AE YH, MW a fibrosis deep connective tissue AE that has mild induration, able to move skin parallel to plane (sliding) and perpendicular to skin (pinching up) CTCAE: E12409 Grade 2 fibrosis deep connective tissue AE a fibrosis deep connective tissue AE that has moderate induration, able to slide skin, unable to pinch skin; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E12410 YH, MW Grade 3 fibrosis deep connective tissue AE YH, MW a fibrosis deep connective tissue AE that has severe induration; unable to slide or pinch skin; limiting joint or orifice movement (e.g. mouth, anus); limiting self care ADL CTCAE: E12411 Grade 4 fibrosis deep connective tissue AE a fibrosis deep connective tissue AE that has generalized; associated with signs or symptoms of impaired breathing or feeding CTCAE: E12412 YH, MW Grade 1 growth suppression AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12423 a growth suppression AE that has reduction in growth velocity by 10 - 29% ideally measured over the period of a year Grade 2 growth suppression AE CTCAE: E12424 YH, MW a growth suppression AE that has reduction in growth velocity by 30 - 49% ideally measured over the period of a year or 0 - 49% reduction in growth from the baseline growth curve Grade 3 growth suppression AE CTCAE: E12425 YH, MW a growth suppression AE that has reduction in growth velocity of >=50% ideally measured over the period of a year Grade 2 head soft tissue necrosis AE a head soft tissue necrosis AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications) YH, MW CTCAE: E12427 Grade 3 head soft tissue necrosis AE CTCAE: E12428 a head soft tissue necrosis AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g., tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting) YH, MW Grade 1 joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE CTCAE: E12440 a joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE that has mild restriction of rotation or flexion between 60 - 70 degrees YH, MW Grade 2 joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE a joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE that has rotation <60 degrees to right or left; <60 degrees of flexion YH, MW CTCAE: E12441 Grade 3 joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE CTCAE: E12442 YH, MW a joint range of motion decreased cervical spine AE that has ankylosed/fused over multiple segments with no C-spine rotation Grade 1 joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE CTCAE: E12444 YH, MW a joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE that has stiffness; difficulty bending to the floor to pick up a very light object but able to do athletic activity Grade 2 joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE YH, MW a joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE that has pain with range of motion (ROM) in lumbar spine; requires a reaching aid to pick up a very light object from the floor CTCAE: E12445 Grade 3 joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE CTCAE: E12446 YH, MW a joint range of motion decreased lumbar spine AE that requires <50% lumbar spine flexion; associated with symptoms of ankylosis or fused over multiple segments with no L-spine flexion (e.g., unable to reach to floor to pick up a very light object) Grade 2 neck soft tissue necrosis AE YH, MW a neck soft tissue necrosis AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications) CTCAE: E12498 Grade 3 neck soft tissue necrosis AE CTCAE: E12499 YH, MW a neck soft tissue necrosis AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g., tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting) Grade 2 pelvic soft tissue necrosis AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12517 a pelvic soft tissue necrosis AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications) Grade 3 pelvic soft tissue necrosis AE YH, MW a pelvic soft tissue necrosis AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g., tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting) CTCAE: E12518 Grade 1 scoliosis AE CTCAE: E12522 a scoliosis AE that requires <20 degrees; clinically undetectable YH, MW Grade 2 scoliosis AE CTCAE: E12523 a scoliosis AE that requires >20 - 45 degrees; visible by forward flexion; limiting instrumental ADL YH, MW Grade 3 scoliosis AE a scoliosis AE that requires >45 degrees; scapular prominence in forward flexion; operative intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL; disabling CTCAE: E12524 YH, MW Grade 2 soft tissue necrosis lower limb AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12526 a soft tissue necrosis lower limb AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications) Grade 3 soft tissue necrosis lower limb AE CTCAE: E12527 a soft tissue necrosis lower limb AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g., tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting) YH, MW Grade 2 soft tissue necrosis upper limb AE YH, MW a soft tissue necrosis upper limb AE that has local wound care; medical intervention indicated (e.g., dressings or topical medications) CTCAE: E12531 Grade 3 soft tissue necrosis upper limb AE CTCAE: E12532 a soft tissue necrosis upper limb AE that has operative debridement or other invasive intervention indicated (e.g., tissue reconstruction, flap or grafting) YH, MW Grade 1 superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE a Superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE that has mild induration, able to move skin parallel to plane (sliding) and perpendicular to skin (pinching up) YH, MW CTCAE: E12536 Grade 2 superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE CTCAE: E12537 a Superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE that has moderate induration, able to slide skin, unable to pinch skin; limiting instrumental ADL YH, MW Grade 3 superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE CTCAE: E12538 a Superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE that has severe induration; unable to slide or pinch skin; limiting joint or orifice movement (e.g., mouth, anus); limiting self care ADL YH, MW Grade 4 superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE CTCAE: E12539 a superficial soft tissue fibrosis AE that has generalized; associated with signs or symptoms of impaired breathing or feeding YH, MW Grade 1 trismus AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12542 a trismus AE that has decreased ROM (range of motion) without impaired eating Grade 2 trismus AE a trismus AE that has decreased ROM requiring small bites, soft foods or purees YH, MW CTCAE: E12543 Grade 3 trismus AE a trismus AE that has decreased ROM with inability to adequately aliment or hydrate orally YH, MW CTCAE: E12544 Grade 1 unequal limb length AE YH, MW An unequal limb length AE that has mild length discrepancy <2 cm CTCAE: E12546 Grade 2 unequal limb length AE CTCAE: E12547 An unequal limb length AE that has moderate length discrepancy 2 - 5 cm; shoe lift indicated; limiting instrumental ADL YH, MW Grade 3 unequal limb length AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12548 An unequal limb length AE that has severe length discrepancy >5 cm; limiting self care ADL; disabling; operative intervention indicated Grade 1 alkalosis AE a alkalosis AE that requires pH >normal, but <=7.5 CTCAE: E12248 YH, MW Grade 3 alkalosis AE CTCAE: E12249 a alkalosis AE that requires pH >7.5 YH, MW Grade 2 glucose intolerance AE CTCAE: E12266 a glucose intolerance AE that has symptomatic; dietary modification or oral agent indicated YH, MW Grade 3 glucose intolerance AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12267 a glucose intolerance AE that has severe symptoms; insulin indicated Grade 1 hypermagnesemia AE a hypermagnesemia AE that requires >ULN - 3.0 mg/dL; >ULN - 1.23 mmol/L YH, MW CTCAE: E12289 Grade 3 hypermagnesemia AE YH, MW a hypermagnesemia AE that requires >3.0 - 8.0 mg/dL; >1.23 - 3.30 mmol/L CTCAE: E12290 Grade 4 hypermagnesemia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12291 a hypermagnesemia AE that requires >8.0 mg/dL; >3.30 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences Grade 1 hypernatremia AE CTCAE: E12294 YH, MW a hypernatremia AE that requires >ULN - 150 mmol/L Grade 2 hypernatremia AE a hypernatremia AE that requires >150 - 155 mmol/L YH, MW CTCAE: E12295 Grade 3 hypernatremia AE CTCAE: E12296 a hypernatremia AE that requires >155 - 160 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated YH, MW Grade 4 hypernatremia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12297 a hypernatremia AE that requires >160 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences Grade 1 hypokalemia AE a hypokalemia AE that requires <LLN - 3.0 mmol/L YH, MW CTCAE: E12328 Grade 2 hypokalemia AE CTCAE: E12329 YH, MW a hypokalemia AE that requires <LLN - 3.0 mmol/L; symptomatic; intervention indicated Grade 3 hypokalemia AE CTCAE: E12330 a hypokalemia AE that requires <3.0 - 2.5 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated YH, MW Grade 4 hypokalemia AE a hypokalemia AE that requires <2.5 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences YH, MW CTCAE: E12331 Grade 1 hyponatremia AE CTCAE: E12340 a hyponatremia AE that requires <LLN - 130 mmol/L YH, MW Grade 3 hyponatremia AE a hyponatremia AE that requires <130 - 120 mmol/L CTCAE: E12341 YH, MW Grade 4 hyponatremia AE YH, MW a hyponatremia AE that requires <120 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences CTCAE: E12342 Grade 2 obesity AE CTCAE: E12362 an obesity AE that requires BMI 25 - 29.9 kg/m2 YH, MW Grade 3 obesity AE YH, MW an obesity AE that requires BMI 30 - 39.9 kg/m2 CTCAE: E12363 Grade 4 obesity AE CTCAE: E12364 an obesity AE that requires BMI >=40 kg/m2 YH, MW Grade 3 flushing AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13774 a flushing AE that has symptomatic, associated with hypotension and/or tachycardia; limiting self care ADL Grade 2 hematoma AE a hematoma AE that requires minimally invasive evacuation or aspiration YH, MW CTCAE: E13777 Grade 3 hematoma AE a hematoma AE that requires transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention YH, MW CTCAE: E13778 Grade 1 hypertension AE an hypertension AE that has prehypertension (systolic BP 120 - 139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80 - 89 mm Hg) CTCAE: E13786 YH, MW Grade 2 hypertension AE CTCAE: E13787 YH, MW an hypertension AE that for Adult: has stage 1 hypertension (systolic BP 140 - 159 mm Hg or diastolic BP 90 - 99 mm Hg); medical intervention indicated; recurrent or persistent (>=24 hrs); symptomatic increase by >20 mm Hg (diastolic) or to >140/90 mm Hg if previously WNL; monotherapy indicated; for Pediatric: recurrent or persistent (>=24 hrs) BP >ULN; monotherapy indicated. Grade 3 hypertension AE an hypertension AE that for Adult has Stage 2 hypertension (systolic BP >=160 mm Hg or diastolic BP >=100 mm Hg); medical intervention indicated; more than one drug or more intensive therapy than previously used indicated; for Pediatric: Same as adult. CTCAE: E13788 YH, MW Grade 4 hypertension AE CTCAE: E13789 YH, MW an hypertension AE that for Adult has life-threatening consequences (e.g., malignant hypertension, transient or permanent neurologic deficit, hypertensive crisis); urgent intervention indicated; for Pediatric: Same as adult Grade 2 peripheral ischemia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13811 a peripheral ischaemia AE that has brief (<24 hrs) episode of ischemia managed non-surgically and without permanent deficit Grade 3 peripheral ischemia AE a peripheral ischaemia AE that has a recurring or prolonged (>=24 hrs) and/or invasive intervention indicated YH, MW CTCAE: E13812 Grade 3 vasculitis AE YH, MW a vasculitis AE that shows severe symptoms, medical intervention indicated (e.g., steroids) CTCAE: E13840 Grade 4 vasculitis AE CTCAE: E13841 a vasculitis AE that shows threatening; evidence of peripheral or visceral ischemia; urgent intervention indicated YH, MW Grade 1 alopecia AE an alopecia AE that has hair loss of <50% of normal for that individual that is not obvious from a distance but only on close inspection; a different hair style may be required to cover the hair loss but it does not require a wig or hair piece to camouflage YH, MW CTCAE: E13612 Grade 2 alopecia AE YH, MW an alopecia AE that has hair loss of >=50% normal for that individual that is readily apparent to others; a wig or hair piece is necessary if the patient desires to completely camouflage the hair loss; associated with psychosocial impact CTCAE: E13613 Grade 1 dry skin AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13624 a dry skin AE that is coverying <10% BSA and no associated erythema or pruritus Grade 2 dry skin AE a dry skin AE that is coverying 10 - 30% BSA and associated with erythema or pruritus; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E13625 YH, MW Grade 3 dry skin AE CTCAE: E13626 a dry skin AE that is coverying >30% BSA and associated with pruritus; limiting self care ADL YH, MW Grade 1 erythema multiforme AE an erythema multiforme AE that has target lesions covering <10% BSA and not associated with skin tenderness CTCAE: E13628 YH, MW Grade 2 erythema multiforme AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13629 an erythema multiforme AE that has target lesions covering 10 - 30% BSA and associated with skin tenderness Grade 3 erythema multiforme AE YH, MW an erythema multiforme AE that has target lesions covering >30% BSA and associated with oral or genital erosions CTCAE: E13630 Grade 4 erythema multiforme AE CTCAE: E13631 an erythema multiforme AE that has target lesions covering >30% BSA; associated with fluid or electrolyte abnormalities; ICU care or burn unit indicated YH, MW Grade 1 hyperhidrosis AE CTCAE: E13646 a hyperhidros AE that shows limited to one site (palms, soles, or axillae); self care interventions YH, MW Grade 2 hyperhidrosis AE YH, MW a hyperhidros AE that has Involving >1 site; patient seeks medical intervention; associated with psychosocial impact CTCAE: E13647 Grade 3 hyperhidrosis AE CTCAE: E13648 YH, MW a hyperhidros AE that has Generalized involving sites other than palms, soles, or axillae; associated with electrolyte/hemodynamic imbalance Grade 1 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE CTCAE: E13673 YH, MW a palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE that has minimal skin changes or dermatitis (e.g., erythema, edema, or hyperkeratosis) without pain Grade 2 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE CTCAE: E13674 YH, MW a palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE that has skin changes (e.g., peeling, blisters, bleeding, edema, or hyperkeratosis) with pain; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13675 a palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome AE that has severe skin changes (e.g., peeling, blisters, bleeding, edema, or hyperkeratosis) with pain; limiting self care ADL Grade 1 periorbital edema AE CTCAE: E13677 YH, MW a periorbital edema AE that has soft or non-pitting Grade 2 periorbital edema AE YH, MW a periorbital edema AE that has indurated or pitting edema; topical intervention indicated CTCAE: E13678 Grade 3 periorbital edema AE CTCAE: E13679 a periorbital edema AE that has edema associated with visual disturbance; increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma or retinal hemorrhage; optic neuritis; diuretics indicated; operative intervention indicated YH, MW Grade 1 photosensitivity AE CTCAE: E13681 a photosensitivity reaction AE that has painless erythema and erythema covering <10% BSA YH, MW Grade 2 photosensitivity AE a photosensitivity reaction AE that has tender erythema covering 10 - 30% BSA YH, MW CTCAE: E13682 Grade 3 photosensitivity AE a photosensitivity reaction AE that has erythema covering >30% BSA and erythema with blistering; photosensitivity; oral corticosteroid therapy indicated; pain control indicated (e.g., narcotics or NSAIDs) CTCAE: E13683 YH, MW Grade 1 pruritus AE CTCAE: E13687 YH, MW a pruritus AE that has mild or localized; topical intervention indicated Grade 2 pruritus AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13688 a pruritus AE that has intense or widespread; intermittent; skin changes from scratching (e.g., edema, papulation, excoriations, lichenification, oozing/crusts); oral intervention indicated; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 pruritus AE a pruritus AE that has intense or widespread; constant; limiting self care ADL or sleep; oral corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy indicated YH, MW CTCAE: E13689 Grade 1 purpura AE a purpura AE that has combined area of lesions covering <10% BSA YH, MW CTCAE: E13691 Grade 2 purpura AE CTCAE: E13692 YH, MW a purpura AE that has combined area of lesions covering 10 - 30% BSA; bleeding with trauma Grade 3 purpura AE a purpura AE that has combined area of lesions covering >30% BSA; spontaneous bleeding YH, MW CTCAE: E13693 Grade 1 skin atrophy AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13715 a skin atrophy AE that has covering <10% BSA; associated with telangiectasias or changes in skin color Grade 2 skin atrophy AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13716 a skin atrophy AE that has covering 10 - 30% BSA; associated with striae or adnexal structure loss Grade 3 skin atrophy AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13717 a skin atrophy AE that has covering >30% BSA; associated with ulceration Grade 1 skin hyperpigmentation AE YH, MW a skin hyperpigmentation AE that has hyperpigmentation covering <10% BSA; no psychosocial impact CTCAE: E13719 Grade 2 skin hyperpigmentation AE a skin hyperpigmentation AE that has hyperpigmentation covering >10% BSA; associated psychosocial impact YH, MW CTCAE: E13720 Grade 1 skin hypopigmentation AE CTCAE: E13722 a skin hypopigmentation AE that has hypopigmentation or depigmentation covering <10% BSA; no psychosocial impact YH, MW Grade 2 skin hypopigmentation AE CTCAE: E13723 a skin hypopigmentation AE that has hypopigmentation or depigmentation covering >10% BSA; associated psychosocial impact YH, MW Grade 3 stevens-Johnson syndrome AE a stevens-johnson syndrome AE that has skin sloughing covering <10% BSA with associated signs (e.g., erythema, purpura, epidermal detachment and mucous membrane detachment) YH, MW CTCAE: E13737 Grade 4 stevens-Johnson syndrome AE a stevens-johnson syndrome AE that has skin sloughing covering 10 - 30% BSA with associated signs (e.g., erythema, purpura, epidermal detachment and mucous membrane detachment) CTCAE: E13738 YH, MW Grade 1 telangiectasia AE YH, MW a telangiectasia AE that has telangiectasias covering <10% BSA CTCAE: E13741 Grade 2 telangiectasia AE a telangiectasia AE that has telangiectasias covering >10% BSA; associated with psychosocial impact CTCAE: E13742 YH, MW Grade 4 toxic epidermal necrolysis AE YH, MW a toxic epidermal necrolysis AE that has skin sloughing covering >=30% BSA with associated symptoms (e.g., erythema, purpura, or epidermal detachment) CTCAE: E13744 Grade 1 urticaria AE CTCAE: E13747 YH, MW an urticaria AE that has urticarial lesions covering <10% BSA; topical intervention indicated Grade 2 urticaria AE CTCAE: E13748 YH, MW an urticaria AE that has urticarial lesions covering 10 - 30% BSA; oral intervention indicated Grade 3 urticaria AE CTCAE: E13749 an urticaria AE that has urticariallesions covering >30% BSA; IV intervention indicated YH, MW Grade 2 aspiration AE CTCAE: E13312 YH, MW an aspiration AE that has altered eating habits; coughing or choking episodes after eating or swallowing; medical intervention indicated (e.g., suction or oxygen) Grade 3 aspiration AE YH, MW an aspiration AE that has dyspnea and pneumonia symptoms (e.g., aspiration pneumonia); hospitalization indicated; unable to aliment orally CTCAE: E13313 Grade 2 atelectasis AE CTCAE: E13318 an atelectasis AE that has symptomatic (e.g., dyspnea, cough); medical intervention indicated (e.g., chest physiotherapy, suctioning); bronchoscopic suctioning YH, MW Grade 3 atelectasis AE an atelectasis AE that has oxygen indicated; hospitalization or elective operative intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser) YH, MW CTCAE: E13319 Grade 2 chylothorax AE a chylothorax AE that has symptomatic; thoracentesis or tube drainage indicated YH, MW CTCAE: E13360 Grade 3 chylothorax AE CTCAE: E13361 YH, MW a chylothorax AE that has severe symptoms; elective operative intervention indicated Grade 2 epistaxis AE an epistaxis AE that has moderate symptoms; medical intervention indicated (e.g., nasal packing, cauterization; topical vasoconstrictors) YH, MW CTCAE: E13376 Grade 3 hiccups AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13383 a Hiccups AE that has interfering with sleep; limiting self care ADL Grade 1 hoarseness AE a hoarseness AE that has mild or intermittent voice change; fully understandable; self-resolves YH, MW CTCAE: E13385 Grade 2 hoarseness AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13386 a hoarseness AE that has Moderate or persistent voice changes; may require occasional repetition but understandable on telephone; medical evaluation indicated Grade 3 hoarseness AE CTCAE: E13387 a hoarseness AE that has severe voice changes including predominantly whispered speech YH, MW Grade 2 hypoxia AE CTCAE: E13389 YH, MW a hypoxia AE that has decreased oxygen saturation with exercise (e.g., pulse oximeter <88%); intermittent supplemental oxygen Grade 3 hypoxia AE YH, MW a hypoxia AE that has decreased oxygen saturation at rest (e.g., pulse oximeter <88% or PaO2 <=55 mm Hg) CTCAE: E13390 Grade 4 hypoxia AE CTCAE: E13391 a hypoxia AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation) YH, MW Grade 3 laryngeal edema AE a laryngeal edema AE that has stridor; respiratory distress; hospitalization indicated CTCAE: E13396 YH, MW Grade 4 laryngeal edema AE a laryngeal edema AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation) YH, MW CTCAE: E13397 Grade 2 pleural effusion AE YH, MW a pleural effusion AE that has symptomatic; intervention indicated (e.g., diuretics or limited therapeutic thoracentesis) CTCAE: E13488 Grade 3 pleural effusion AE a pleural effusion AE that has symptomatic with respiratory distress and hypoxia; surgical intervention including chest tube or pleurodesis indicated CTCAE: E13489 YH, MW Grade 1 pleural hemorrhage AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13493 a pleural hemorrhage AE that has asymptomatic; mild hemorrhage confirmed by thoracentesis Grade 2 pleural hemorrhage AE a pleural hemorrhage AE that has symptomatic or associated with pneumothorax; chest tube drainage indicated YH, MW CTCAE: E13494 Grade 3 pleural hemorrhage AE a pleural hemorrhage AE that has >1000 ml of blood evacuated; persistent bleeding (150-200 ml/hr for 2 - 4 hr); persistent transfusion indicated; elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E13495 YH, MW Grade 3 pneumonitis AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13505 a pneumonitis AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL; oxygen indicated Grade 4 pneumonitis AE CTCAE: E13506 a pneumonitis AE that has life-threatening respiratory compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation) YH, MW Grade 2 pneumothorax AE a pneumothorax AE that has symptomatic; intervention indicated (e.g., tube placement without sclerosis) YH, MW CTCAE: E13510 Grade 3 pneumothorax AE CTCAE: E13511 YH, MW a pneumothorax AE that has sclerosis and/or operative intervention indicated; hospitalization indicated Grade 1 productive cough AE YH, MW a productive cough AE that has occasional/minimal production of sputum with cough CTCAE: E13518 Grade 2 productive cough AE CTCAE: E13519 YH, MW a productive cough AE that has moderate sputum production; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 productive cough AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13520 a productive cough AE that has persistent or copious production of sputum; limiting self care ADL Grade 1 pulmonary edema AE CTCAE: E13522 YH, MW a pulmonary edema AE that has radiologic findings only; minimal dyspnea on exertion Grade 2 pulmonary edema AE YH, MW a pulmonary edema AE that has moderate dyspnea on exertion; medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E13523 Grade 3 pulmonary edema AE CTCAE: E13524 YH, MW a pulmonary edema AE that has severe dyspnea or dyspnea at rest; oxygen indicated; limiting self care ADL Grade 4 pulmonary edema AE CTCAE: E13525 YH, MW a pulmonary edema AE that has life-threatening respiratory compromise; urgent intervention or intubation with ventilatory support indicated Grade 1 pulmonary fibrosis AE YH, MW a pulmonary fibrosis AE that has mild hypoxemia; radiologic pulmonary fibrosis <25% of lung volume CTCAE: E13528 Grade 2 pulmonary fibrosis AE CTCAE: E13529 a pulmonary fibrosis AE that has moderate hypoxemia; evidence of pulmonary hypertension; radiographic pulmonary fibrosis 25 - 50% YH, MW Grade 3 pulmonary fibrosis AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13530 a pulmonary fibrosis AE that has severe hypoxemia; evidence of right-sided heart failure; radiographic pulmonary fibrosis >50 - 75% Grade 4 pulmonary fibrosis AE YH, MW a pulmonary fibrosis AE that has life-threatening consequences (e.g., hemodynamic/pulmonary complications); intubation with ventilatory support indicated; radiographic pulmonary fibrosis >75% with severe honeycombing CTCAE: E13531 Grade 1 pulmonary hypertension AE a pulmonary hypertension AE that has minimal dyspnea; findings on physical exam or other evaluation YH, MW CTCAE: E13540 Grade 2 pulmonary hypertension AE a pulmonary hypertension AE that has moderate dyspnea, cough; requiring evaluation by cardiac catheterization and medical intervention YH, MW CTCAE: E13541 Grade 3 pulmonary hypertension AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13542 a pulmonary hypertension AE that has severe symptoms, associated with hypoxemia, right heart failure; oxygen indicated Grade 4 pulmonary hypertension AE CTCAE: E13543 a pulmonary hypertension AE that has life-threatening airway consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation) YH, MW Grade 1 sinus disorder AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13561 a sinus disorder AE that has asymptomatic mucosal crusting; blood-tinged secretions Grade 2 sinus disorder AE CTCAE: E13562 a sinus disorder AE that has symptomatic stenosis or edema/narrowing interfering with airflow; limiting instrumental ADL YH, MW Grade 3 sinus disorder AE CTCAE: E13563 YH, MW a sinus disorder AE that has stenosis with significant nasal obstruction; limiting self care ADL Grade 4 sinus disorder AE CTCAE: E13564 YH, MW a sinus disorder AE that has necrosis of soft tissue or bone; urgent operative intervention indicated Grade 3 sore throat AE CTCAE: E13578 a sore throat AE that has Severe pain; limiting self care ADL; limiting ability to swallow YH, MW Grade 3 stridor AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13580 a stridor AE that has respiratory distress limiting self care ADL; medical intervention indicated Grade 4 stridor AE a stridor AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation) CTCAE: E13581 YH, MW Grade 1 voice alteration AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13602 a voice alteration AE that has mild or intermittent change from normal voice Grade 2 voice alteration AE a voice alteration AE that has moderate or persistent change from normal voice; still understandable CTCAE: E13603 YH, MW Grade 3 voice alteration AE YH, MW a voice alteration AE that has severe voice changes including predominantly whispered speech; may require frequent repetition or face-to-face contact for understandability; may require assistive technology CTCAE: E13604 Grade 1 wheezing AE CTCAE: E13606 YH, MW a wheezing AE that has detectable airway noise with minimal symptoms Grade 3 wheezing AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13608 a wheezing AE that has severe respiratory symptoms limiting self care ADL; oxygen therapy or hospitalization indicated Grade 2 menorrhagia AE CTCAE: E13134 YH, MW a menorrhagia AE that has moderate symptoms; medical intervention indicated (e.g., hormones) Grade 3 menorrhagia AE a menorrhagia AE that has severe; transfusion indicated; surgical intervention indicated (e.g., hysterectomy) CTCAE: E13135 YH, MW Grade 1 acute kidney injury AE YH, MW an acute kidney injury AE that has creatinine level increase of >0.3 mg/dL; creatinine 1.5 - 2.0 x above baseline CTCAE: E12974 Grade 2 acute kidney injury AE CTCAE: E12975 an acute kidney injury AE that has creatinine 2 - 3 x above baseline YH, MW Grade 3 acute kidney injury AE YH, MW an acute kidney injury AE that has creatinine >3 x baseline or >4.0 mg/dL; hospitalization indicated CTCAE: E12976 Grade 2 hematuria AE CTCAE: E13002 YH, MW a hematuria AE that has symptomatic; urinary catheter or bladder irrigation indicated; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 hematuria AE CTCAE: E13003 YH, MW a hematuria AE that has gross hematuria; transfusion, IV medications or hospitalization indicated; elective endoscopic, radiologic or operative intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL Grade 1 urinary incontinence AE an urinary incontinence AE that has occasional (e.g., with coughing, sneezing, etc.), pads not indicated YH, MW CTCAE: E13043 Grade 2 urinary incontinence AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13044 an urinary incontinence AE that has spontaneous; pads indicated; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 urinary incontinence AE an urinary incontinence AE that has Intervention indicated (e.g., clamp, collagen injections); operative intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL YH, MW CTCAE: E13045 Grade 1 urinary retention AE an urinary retention AE that has urinary, suprapubic or intermittent catheter placement not indicated; able to void with some residual YH, MW CTCAE: E13047 Grade 2 urinary retention AE an urinary retention AE that has placement of urinary, suprapubic or intermittent catheter placement indicated; medication indicated CTCAE: E13048 YH, MW Grade 3 urinary retention AE YH, MW CTCAE: E13049 an urinary retention AE that has elective operative or radiologic intervention indicated; substantial loss of affected kidney function or mass Grade 1 suicidal ideation AE YH, MW a suicidal ideation AE that has increased thoughts of death but no wish to kill oneself CTCAE: E12965 Grade 2 suicidal ideation AE CTCAE: E12966 YH, MW a suicidal ideation AE that has suicidal ideation with no specific plan or intent Grade 3 suicidal ideation AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12967 a suicidal ideation AE that has specific plan to commit suicide without serious intent to die which may not require hospitalization Grade 4 suicidal ideation AE CTCAE: E12968 a suicidal ideation AE that has specific plan to commit suicide with serious intent to die which requires hospitalization YH, MW Grade 3 suicide attempt AE YH, MW a suicide attempt AE that has suicide attempt or gesture without intent to die which may not require hospitalization CTCAE: E12970 Grade 4 suicide attempt AE a suicide attempt AE that has suicide attempt with intent to die which requires hospitalization YH, MW CTCAE: E12971 Grade 3 aphonia AE CTCAE: E12590 YH, MW an aphonia AE that has voicelessness; unable to speak Grade 1 depressed level of consciousness AE CTCAE: E12626 a depressed level of consciousness AE that has decreased level of alertness YH, MW Grade 2 depressed level of consciousness AE CTCAE: E12627 YH, MW a depressed level of consciousness AE that has Sedation; slow response to stimuli; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 depressed level of consciousness AE a depressed level of consciousness AE that is difficult to arouse YH, MW CTCAE: E12628 Grade 1 dysgeusia AE YH, MW a dysgenusia AE that has altered taste but no change in diet CTCAE: E12644 Grade 2 dysgeusia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12645 a dysgenusia AE that has altered taste with change in diet (e.g., oral supplements); noxious or unpleasant taste; loss of taste Grade 1 leukoencephalopathy AE CTCAE: E12713 YH, MW a leukoencephalopathy AE that has asymptomatic; small focal T2/FLAIR hyperintensities; involving periventricular white matter or <1/3 of susceptible areas of cerebrum +/- mild increase in subarachnoid space (SAS) and/or mild ventriculomegaly Grade 2 leukoencephalopathy AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12714 a leukoencephalopathy AE that has moderate symptoms; focal T2/FLAIR hyperintensities, involving periventricular white matter extending into centrum semiovale or involving 1/3 to 2/3 of susceptible areas of cerebrum +/- moderate increase in SAS and/or moderate ventriculomegaly Grade 3 leukoencephalopathy AE CTCAE: E12715 YH, MW a leukoencephalopathy AE that has severe symptoms; extensive T2/FLAIR hyperintensities, involving periventricular white matter involving 2/3 or more of susceptible areas of cerebrum +/- moderate to severe increase in SAS and/or moderate to severe ventriculomegaly Grade 4 leukoencephalopathy AE a leukoencephalopathy AE that has life-threatening consequences; extensive T2/FLAIR hyperintensities, involving periventricular white matter involving most of susceptible areas of cerebrum +/- moderate to severe increase in SAS and/or moderate to severe ventriculomegaly YH, MW CTCAE: E12716 Grade 1 myelitis AE CTCAE: E12733 a myelitis AE that has asymptomatic; mild signs (e.g., Babinski's reflex or Lhermitte's sign) YH, MW Grade 2 myelitis AE YH, MW a myelitis AE that has moderate weakness or sensory loss; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E12734 Grade 3 myelitis AE CTCAE: E12735 YH, MW a myelitis AE that has severe weakness or sensory loss; limiting self care ADL Grade 2 presyncope AE CTCAE: E12779 YH, MW a presyncope AE that has present (e.g., near fainting) Grade 1 seizure AE YH, MW a seizure AE that has brief partial seizure; no loss of consciousness CTCAE: E12805 Grade 2 seizure AE a seizure AE that has brief generalized seizure CTCAE: E12806 YH, MW Grade 3 seizure AE CTCAE: E12807 a seizure AE that has multiple seizures despite medical intervention YH, MW Grade 4 seizure AE CTCAE: E12808 a seizure AE that has life-threatening; prolonged repetitive seizures YH, MW Grade 1 somnolence AE CTCAE: E12815 YH, MW a somnolence AE that has mild but more than usual drowsiness or sleepiness Grade 2 somnolence AE CTCAE: E12816 YH, MW a somnolence AE that has moderate sedation; limiting instrumental ADL Grade 3 somnolence AE YH, MW a somnolence AE that has obtundation or stupor CTCAE: E12817 Grade 3 syncope AE a syncope AE that has fainting; orthostatic collapse CTCAE: E12833 YH, MW Grade 1 arthritis AE CTCAE: E12379 YH, MW an arthritis AE that has mild pain with inflammation, erythema, or joint swelling Grade 2 arthritis AE an arthritis AE that has moderate pain associated with signs of inflammation, erythema, or joint swelling; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E12380 YH, MW Grade 3 arthritis AE YH, MW an arthritis AE that has severe pain associated with signs of inflammation, erythema, or joint swelling; irreversible joint damage; disabling; limiting self care ADL CTCAE: E12381 Grade 1 joint range of motion decreased AE YH, MW a joint range of motion decreased AE that requires <=25% loss of ROM (range of motion); decreased ROM limiting athletic activity CTCAE: E12436 Grade 2 joint range of motion decreased AE CTCAE: E12437 a joint range of motion decreased AE that requires >25 - 50% decrease in ROM; limiting instrumental ADL YH, MW Grade 3 joint range of motion decreased AE a joint range of motion decreased AE that requires >50% decrease in ROM; limiting self care ADL; disabling CTCAE: E12438 YH, MW Grade 1 osteoporosis AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12509 an osteoporosis AE that has radiologic evidence of osteoporosis or Bone Mineral Density (BMD) t-score -1 to -2.5 (osteopenia); no loss of height or intervention indicated Grade 2 osteoporosis AE YH, MW an osteoporosis AE that has BMD t-score <-2.5; loss of height <2 cm; anti-osteoporotic therapy indicated; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E12510 Grade 3 osteoporosis AE CTCAE: E12511 an osteoporosis AE that has loss of height >=2 cm; hospitalization indicated; limiting self care ADL YH, MW Grade 1 acidosis AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12238 an acidosis AE that has pH <normal, but >=7.3 Grade 3 acidosis AE an acidosis AE that has pH <7.3 CTCAE: E12239 YH, MW Grade 1 anorexia AE an anorexia AE that has loss of appetite without alteration in eating habits YH, MW CTCAE: E12253 Grade 2 anorexia AE CTCAE: E12254 an anorexia AE that has oral intake altered without significant weight loss or malnutrition; oral nutritional supplements indicated YH, MW Grade 3 anorexia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12255 an anorexia AE that has associated with significant weight loss or malnutrition (e.g., inadequate oral caloric and/or fluid intake); tube feeding or TPN indicated Grade 1 dehydration AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12259 a dehydration AE that has increased oral fluids indicated; dry mucous membranes; diminished skin turgor Grade 2 dehydration AE YH, MW a dehydration AE that requires IIV fluids indicated <24 hrs CTCAE: E12260 Grade 1 hypercalcemia AE a hypercalcemia AE that has corrected serum calcium of >ULN - 11.5 mg/dL; >ULN - 2.9 mmol/L; Ionized calcium >ULN - 1.5 mmol/L CTCAE: E12271 YH, MW Grade 2 hypercalcemia AE a hypercalcemia AE that has corrected serum calcium of >11.5 - 12.5 mg/dL; >2.9 - 3.1 mmol/L; Ionized calcium >1.5 - 1.6 mmol/L; symptomatic YH, MW CTCAE: E12272 Grade 3 hypercalcemia AE CTCAE: E12273 YH, MW a hypercalcemia AE that has corrected serum calcium of >12.5 - 13.5 mg/dL; >3.1 - 3.4 mmol/L; Ionized calcium >1.6 - 1.8 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated Grade 4 hypercalcemia AE a hypercalcemia AE that has corrected serum calcium of >13.5 mg/dL; >3.4 mmol/L; Ionized calcium >1.8 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences CTCAE: E12274 YH, MW Grade 1 hyperglycemia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12277 a hypeglycemia AE that has fasting glucose value >ULN - 160 mg/dL; Fasting glucose value >ULN - 8.9 mmol/L Grade 2 hyperglycemia AE CTCAE: E12278 a hypeglycemia AE that has fasting glucose value >160 - 250 mg/dL; Fasting glucose value >8.9 - 13.9 mmol/L YH, MW Grade 3 hyperglycemia AE YH, MW a hypeglycemia AE that has >250 - 500 mg/dL; >13.9 - 27.8 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated CTCAE: E12279 Grade 4 hyperglycemia AE CTCAE: E12280 a hypeglycemia AE that has >500 mg/dL; >27.8 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences YH, MW Grade 1 hyperkalemia AE CTCAE: E12283 YH, MW a hyperkalemia AE that requires >ULN - 5.5 mmol/L Grade 2 hyperkalemia AE a hyperkalemia AE that requires >5.5 - 6.0 mmol/L YH, MW CTCAE: E12284 Grade 3 hyperkalemia AE CTCAE: E12285 YH, MW a hyperkalemia AE that requires >6.0 - 7.0 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated Grade 4 hyperkalemia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12286 a hyperkalemia AE that requires >7.0 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences Grade 1 hypertriglyceridemia AE a hypertriglyceridemia AE that requires 150 mg/dL - 300 mg/dL; 1.71 mmol/L - 3.42 mmol/L YH, MW CTCAE: E12300 Grade 2 hypertriglyceridemia AE a hypertriglyceridemia AE that requires >300 mg/dL - 500 mg/dL; >3.42 mmol/L - 5.7 mmol/L YH, MW CTCAE: E12301 Grade 3 hypertriglyceridemia AE CTCAE: E12302 a hypertriglyceridemia AE that requires >500 mg/dL - 1000 mg/dL; >5.7 mmol/L - 11.4 mmol/L YH, MW Grade 4 hypertriglyceridemia AE a hypertriglyceridemia AE that requires >1000 mg/dL; >11.4 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences YH, MW CTCAE: E12303 Grade 1 hyperuricemia AE CTCAE: E12306 a hyperuricemia AE that requires >ULN - 10 mg/dL (0.59 mmol/L) without physiologic consequences YH, MW Grade 3 hyperuricemia AE CTCAE: E12307 a hyperuricemia AE that requires >ULN - 10 mg/dL (0.59 mmol/L) with physiologic consequences YH, MW Grade 4 hyperuricemia AE CTCAE: E12308 a hyperuricemia AE that requires >10 mg/dL; >0.59 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences YH, MW Grade 1 hypoalbuminemia AE a hypoalbuminemia AE that requires NCI<LLN - 3 g/dL; <LLN - 30 g/L CTCAE: E12311 YH, MW Grade 2 hypoalbuminemia AE YH, MW a hypoalbuminemia AE that requires NCI<3 - 2 g/dL; <30 - 20 g/L CTCAE: E12312 Grade 3 hypoalbuminemia AE a hypoalbuminemia AE that requires NCI<2 g/dL; <20 g/L CTCAE: E12313 YH, MW Grade 1 hypocalcemia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12317 a hypocalcemia AE that requires corrected serum calcium of <LLN - 8.0 mg/dL; <LLN - 2.0 mmol/L; Ionized calcium <LLN - 1.0 mmol/L Grade 2 hypocalcemia AE YH, MW CTCAE: E12318 a hypocalcemia AE that requires corrected serum calcium of <8.0 - 7.0 mg/dL; <2.0 - 1.75 mmol/L; Ionized calcium <1.0 - 0.9 mmol/L; symptomatic Grade 3 hypocalcemia AE CTCAE: E12319 a hypocalcemia AE that requires corrected serum calcium of <7.0 - 6.0 mg/dL; <1.75 - 1.5 mmol/L; Ionized calcium <0.9 - 0.8 mmol/L; hospitalization indicated YH, MW Grade 4 hypocalcemia AE CTCAE: E12320 a hypocalcemia AE that requires corrected serum calcium of <6.0 mg/dL; <1.5 mmol/L; Ionized calcium <0.8 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences YH, MW Grade 1 hypoglycemia AE CTCAE: E12323 YH, MW a hypoglycernia AE that requires <LLN - 55 mg/dL; <LLN - 3.0 mmol/L Grade 2 hypoglycemia AE a hypoglycernia AE that requires <55 - 40 mg/dL; <3.0 - 2.2 mmol/L CTCAE: E13874 YH, MW Grade 3 hypoglycemia AE a hypoglycernia AE that requires <40 - 30 mg/dL; <2.2 - 1.7 mmol/L YH, MW CTCAE: E12324 Grade 4 hypoglycemia AE a hypoglycernia AE that requires <30 mg/dL; <1.7 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences; seizures CTCAE: E12325 YH, MW Grade 1 hypomagnesemia AE CTCAE: E12334 YH, MW a hypomagnesemia AE that requires <LLN - 1.2 mg/dL; <LLN - 0.5 mmol/L Grade 2 hypomagnesemia AE YH, MW a hypomagnesemia AE that requires <1.2 - 0.9 mg/dL; <0.5 - 0.4 mmol/L CTCAE: E12335 Grade 3 hypomagnesemia AE CTCAE: E12336 YH, MW a hypomagnesemia AE that requires <0.9 - 0.7 mg/dL; <0.4 - 0.3 mmol/L Grade 4 hypomagnesemia AE a hypomagnesemia AE that requires <0.7 mg/dL; <0.3 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences YH, MW CTCAE: E12337 Grade 1 hypophosphatemia AE CTCAE: E12345 a hypophosphatemia AE that requires <LLN - 2.5 mg/dL; <LLN - 0.8 mmol/L YH, MW Grade 2 hypophosphatemia AE a hypophosphatemia AE that requires <2.5 - 2.0 mg/dL; <0.8 - 0.6 mmol/L YH, MW CTCAE: E12346 Grade 3 hypophosphatemia AE a hypophosphatemia AE that requires <2.0 - 1.0 mg/dL; <0.6 - 0.3 mmol/L YH, MW CTCAE: E12347 Grade 4 hypophosphatemia AE CTCAE: E12348 YH, MW a hypophosphatemia AE that requires <1.0 mg/dL; <0.3 mmol/L; life-threatening consequences behavior abnormal quality YH, JX a behavioral quality where the behavior in an organism is abnormal. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnormality_(behavior) cough increased AE 10011228 WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cough a cough AE that shows an increased rate of coughing YH, JX herpes viral infection AE 10019972 a viral infection AE that is caused by a herpes virus. Note that there are 8 herpesvirus types. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviridae YH, JX chickenpox AE YH, JX WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_zoster_virus a herpez zoster AE that occurs in children. abnormal reflex AE 10038254 a nervous system AE that shows abnormal neurologic reflexes, which can be tesetd by the knee jerk reaction. JX, YH WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20423 hyporeflexia AE 10021089 WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyporeflexia HPO: HP_0009072 SS, JX, YH an abnormal reflex AE where the patient has a condition of below normal or absent reflexes (areflexia). Hyporeflexia is the condition of below normal or absent reflexes. Hyporeflexia is generally associated with a lower motor neuron deficit (at the alpha motor neurons from the spinal cord to muscle). WEB: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20423 SIDER: C0151888 reflexes decreased AE hyperreflexia AE 10020745 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperreflexia SIDER: C0151889 HPO: HP_0001347 JX, YH an abnormal reflex AE that has an outcome of overactive reflexes, indicative of upper motor neuron disease as well as lessening or loss of control ordinarily exerted by higher brain centers of lower neural pathways. asystole AE 10003586 a cardiac arrest AE where there is no discernible electrical activity on the ECG monitor. YH, MW NCit:C50479 CTCAE: E10077 asystole WEB: http://www.cardiachealth.org/asystole-and-pulseless-electrical-activity Asystole is the absence of electrical activity in the heart, as evidenced by a flat line on an EKG. Cardiac arrest is a more general term for conditions where the heart is not circulating blood. Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) or pulseless Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) are examples of EKG rhythms which also will produce cardiac arrest, but are not asystole. Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is another catch-all where there is an otherwise survivable EKG, but no blood is circulating. This can be caused by trauma to the heart, or tremendous blood loss, among other reasons. See: https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081027100243AAy0yt4 keratitis AE 10023332 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/keratitis/basics/definition/con-20035288 MW, YH NCIT: C26805 CTCAE: E10397 an eye inflammation AE that occurs at the corneal area. eye infection AE 10015929 CTCAE: E11391 MW, YH WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eyeinfections.html an infection AE where one or two eyes get infected by bacteria, fungi, or viruses. NCIT: C45372 appendicitis AE 10003011 CTCAE: E11292 MW, YH an inflammation AE that shows inflammation at the location of appendix. NCIt: C35145 electrocardiogram QT corrected interval prolonged AE 10014383 WEB: http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ecg-library/basics/qt_interval/ NCIt: C71034 MW, YH CTCAE: E12146 UMLS: C0855333 an electrocardiogram QT prolonged AE that estimates the QT interval at a heart rate of 60 bpm. coordination and balance disorder AE 10072984 YH, QL coordination and balance disturbance AE a cross product of coordination abnormal AE and balance disorder AE aversion to greasy food AE an anorexia AE that has loss of appetite of greasy food. QL, YH WEB: http://www.anxietycare.org.uk/docs/eating.asp dysstasia AE 10050218 YH, QL a coordination and balance disorder AE that has difficulty in standing WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dysstasia dystasia AE dermatitis radiation AE 10061103 a skin AE that has an outcome of injury to the skin and underlying tissues from exposure to a large external dose of radiation CTCAE: E11675 NCIt: C0034561 WEB: http://www.dermnetnz.org/reactions/radiation-dermatitis.html MW, YH gastrorrhexis AE QL, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastrorrhexis a gastric disorder AE that shows an rupture in the stomach stomach rupture rupture AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupture YH. QL an injury AE that refers to break or burst suddenly (esp. of a pipe, a vessel, or a bodily part such as an organ or membrane) radiation burn AE 10063640 MW, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_burn a radiation skin injury AE that shows skin burn from exposure to a large external dose of radiation cardiac troponin I increased AE 10007612 a troponin AE which indicates increased levels of cardiac troponin I in a biological specimen MW, YH CTCAE: E12116 NCIt: C78230 growth accelerated AE 10018746 CTCAE: E10317 MW, YH NCIt: C83495 a musculoskeletal or connective tissue AE that has greater growth than expected for age. postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE 10056745 a surgery AE that has the finding of a previously undocumented problem that occurs after a thoracic procedure. CTCAE: E11909 NCIt: C78567 MW, YH uterine perforation AE 10046810 MW, YH CTCAE: E12028 a uterine AE that has a rupture in the uterine wall. NCIt: C50793 fallopian tube perforation AE 10065790 MW, YH a female reproductive system AE that has the finding of rupture of the fallopian tube wall. CTCAE: E11697 NCIt: C78294 adrenal insufficiency AE 10001367 MW, YH NCIt: C26691 CTCAE: E10298 an endocrine system AE that occurs when the adrenal cortex does not produce enough of the hormone cortisol and in some cases, the hormone aldosterone. It may be due to a disorder of the adrenal cortex as in Addison's disease or primary adrenal insufficiency. cushingoid AE 10011655 CTCAE: E10304 MW, YH NCIt: C37938 an endocrine system AE that has signs and symptoms that resemble Cushing's disease or syndrome: buffalo hump obesity, striations, adiposity, hypertension, diabetes, and osteoporosis, usually due to exogenous corticosteroids. delayed puberty AE 10012205 NCIt: C62587 an endocrine system AE that has unusually late sexual maturity. CTCAE: E10308 MW, YH hyperparathyroidism AE 10020705 an endocrine system AE that has an increase in production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. This results in hypercalcemia (abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood). CTCAE: E10319 NCIt: C48259 MW, YH hypoparathyroidism AE 10021041 NCIt: C78350 an endocrine system AE that has a decrease in production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. CTCAE: E10328 MW, YH virilization AE 10047488 MW, YH an endocrine system AE that has inappropriate masculinization occurring in a female or prepubertal male. CTCAE: E10343 NCIt: C79859 precocious puberty AE 10058084 CTCAE: E10340 NCIt: C79704 an endocrine system AE that has unusually early development of secondary sexual features; the onset of sexual maturation begins usually before age 8 for girls and before age 9 for boys. MW, YH seroma AE 10040102 NCIt: C50739 MW, YH CTCAE: E11938 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of tumor-like collection of serum in the tissues. stomal ulcer AE 10042127 a medical intervention site AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the jejunal mucosal surface close to the anastomosis site following a gastroenterostomy procedure. NCIt: C79766 CTCAE: E11965 MW, YH intestinal stoma site bleeding AE 10049468 MW, YH CTCAE: E11764 a medical intervention site AE that has a finding of blood leakage from the intestinal stoma. NCIt: C78371 pancreatic anastomotic leak AE 10050457 NCIt: C78518 CTCAE: E11891 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a pancreatic anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). MW, YH biliary anastomotic leak AE 10050458 CTCAE: E11654 MW, YH NCIt: C78183 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage of bile due to breakdown of a biliary anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). intestinal stoma leak AE 10059094 CTCAE: E11759 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of blockage of the normal flow of the contents of the intestinal stoma. MW, YH NCIt: C78370 intestinal stoma leak AE 10059095 CTCAE: E11753 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage of contents from an intestinal stoma (surgically created opening on the surface of the body). MW, YH NCIt: C78369 vascular access complication AE 10062169 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of a previously undocumented problem related to the vascular access site. MW, YH CTCAE: E12046 NCIt: C78709 pharyngeal anastomotic leak AE 10065705 NCIt: C78550 CTCAE: E11897 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a pharyngeal anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). MW, YH prolapse of intestinal stoma AE 10065745 CTCAE: E11914 MW, YH NCIt: C78570 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of protrusion of the intestinal stoma (surgically created opening on the surface of the body) above the abdominal surface. urostomy site bleeding AE 10065748 NCIt: C78682 CTCAE: E12011 MW, YH a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of bleeding from the urostomy site. tracheostomy site bleeding AE 10065749 MW, YH CTCAE: E11981 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of blood leakage from the tracheostomy site. NCIt: C78648 fallopian tube anastomotic leak AE 10065788 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a fallopian tube anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). NCIt: C78292 CTCAE: E11691 MW, YH bladder anastomotic leak AE 10065802 MW, YH CTCAE: E11660 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage of urine due to breakdown of a bladder anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). NCIt: C78206 kidney anastomotic leak AE 10065803 NCIt: C78406 CTCAE: E11879 MW, YH a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage of urine due to breakdown of a kidney anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). ureteric anastomotic leak AE 10065814 MW, YH NCIt: C78662 CTCAE: E11987 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a ureteral anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). urethral anastomotic leak 10065815 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a urethral anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). MW, YH NCIt: C78667 CTCAE: E11993 prolapse of urostomy AE 10065822 NCIt: C78571 CTCAE: E11920 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of displacement of the urostomay MW, YH gastrointestinal anastomotic leak 10065879 CTCAE: E11715 NCIt: C78318 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a gastrointestinal anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). MW, YH urostomy leak AE 10065882 CTCAE: E11999 NCIt: C78679 MW, YH a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage of contents from a urostomy. urostomy obstruction AE 10065883 MW, YH CTCAE: E12005 NCIt: C78680 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of blockage of the urostomy. urostomy stenosis AE 10065885 NCIt: C78683 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of narrowing of the opening of a urostomy. CTCAE: E12017 MW, YH uterine anastomotic leak AE 10065886 MW, YH NCIt: C78684 CTCAE: E12022 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a uterine anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). vaginal anastomotic leak AE 10065887 CTCAE: E12034 MW, YH a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a vaginal anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). NCIt: C78698 vas deferens anastomotic leak AE 10065888 MW, YH a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a vas deferens anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). NCIt: C78704 CTCAE: E12040 large intestinal anastomotic leak AE 10065891 NCIt: C78408 MW, YH a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of an anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures) in the large intestine. CTCAE: E11885 small intestinal anastomotic leak AE 10065892 MW, YH CTCAE: E11942 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of an anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures) in the small bowel. NCIt: C78612 gastric anastomotic leak AE 10065893 MW, YH a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a gastric anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). CTCAE: E11709 NCIt: C78310 rectal anastomotic leak AE 10065894 MW, YH CTCAE: E11932 NCIt: C78583 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a rectal anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). spermatic cord anastomotic leak AE 10065897 NCIt: C78622 CTCAE: E11948 MW, YH a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of a spermatic cord anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). stenosis of gastrointestinal stoma AE 10065898 NCIt: C78628 CTCAE: E11960 MW, YH a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of narrowing of the gastrointestinal stoma (surgically created opening on the surface of the body). esophageal anastomotic leak AE 10065961 MW, YH CTCAE: E11681 NCIt: C78270 a medical intervention site AE that has the finding of leakage due to breakdown of an esophageal anastomosis (surgical connection of two separate anatomic structures). bladder infection AE 10005047 NCIt: C26738 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the bladder. CTCAE: E11309 cervicitis infection AE 10008330 MW, YH CTCAE: E11337 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the uterine cervix. NCIt: C78360 encephalitis infection AE 10014594 NCIt: C79550 CTCAE: E11365 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the brain tissue. MW, YH encephalomyelitis infection AE 10014621 NCIt: C79551 MW, YH CTCAE: E11369 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the brain and spinal cord tissues. endocarditis infective AE 10014678 CTCAE: E11373 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the endocardial layer of the heart. MW, YH NCIt: C78265 gum infection AE 10018784 MW, YH CTCAE: E11400 NCIt: C78329 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the gums. infective myositis AE 10021918 NCIt: C26984 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the skeletal muscles. CTCAE: E11421 joint infection AE 10023216 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving a joint. MW, YH NCIt: C78402 CTCAE: E11426 kidney infection AE 10023424 MW, YH NCIt: C34965 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the kidney. CTCAE: E11431 otitis externa AE 10033072 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the outer ear and ear canal. Contributory factors include excessive water exposure (swimmer's ear infection) and cuts in the ear canal. Symptoms include fullness, itching, swelling and marked discomfort in the ear and ear drainage. NCIt: C3299 CTCAE: E11472 MW, YH salivary gland infection AE 10039413 NCIt: C78601 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the salivary gland. CTCAE: E11550 wound infection AE 10048038 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the wound. MW, YH CTCAE: E11635 NCIt: C45234 tooth infection AE 10048762 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving a tooth. MW, YH NCIt: C78639 CTCAE: E11594 prostate infection AE 10050662 MW, YH NCIt: C27615 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the prostate gland. CTCAE: E11540 lymph gland infection AE 10050823 NCIt: C26821 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the lymph nodes. MW, YH CTCAE: E11449 pancreas infection AE 10051741 MW, YH CTCAE: E11487 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the pancreas. NCIt: C78517 urethral infection AE 10052298 MW, YH NCIt: C78671 CTCAE: E11609 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the urethra. ovarian infection AE 10055005 NCIt: C78512 CTCAE: E11482 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the ovary. abdominal infection AE 10056519 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the abdominal cavity. CTCAE: E11282 NCIt: C35669 MW, YH hepatic infection AE 10056522 NCIt: C78339 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the liver. MW, YH CTCAE: E11406 phlebitis infective AE 10056627 CTCAE: E11530 NCIt: C78558 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the vein. Clinical manifestations include erythema, marked discomfort, swelling, and induration along the course of the infected vein. MW, YH peritoneal infection AE 10057262 MW, YH CTCAE: E11521 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the peritoneum. NCIt: C78540 mediastinal infection AE 10057483 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the mediastinum. MW, YH CTCAE: E11454 NCIt: C26827 pelvic infection AE 10058674 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the pelvic cavity. MW, YH NCIt: C3889 CTCAE: E11501 esophageal infection AE 10058804 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the esophagus. CTCAE: E11386 MW, YH NCIt: C78277 enterocolitis infectious AE 10058838 MW, YH CTCAE: E11381 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the small and large intestines. NCIt: C80513 rhinitis infective AE 10059827 CTCAE: E11548 NCIt: C78599 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the nasal mucosal. bone infection AE 10061017 NCIt: C26839 MW, YH CTCAE: E11314 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the bones. pleural infection AE 10061351 CTCAE: E11535 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the pleura. NCIt: C78563 anorectal infection AE 10061640 CTCAE: E11286 NCIt: C78174 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the anal area and the rectum. biliary tract infection AE 10061695 CTCAE: E11305 MW, YH NCIt: C26718 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the biliary tract. penile infection AE 10061912 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the penis. NCIt: C78526 MW, YH CTCAE: E11506 splenic infection AE 10062112 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the spleen. CTCAE: E11584 NCIt: C78627 scrotal infection AE 10062156 NCIt: C78606 CTCAE: E11555 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the scrotum. MW, YH uterine infection AE 10062233 MW, YH NCIt: C26764 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the endometrium. It may extend to the myometrium and parametrial tissues. CTCAE: E11619 gallbladder infection AE 10062632 NCIt: C78306 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the gallbladder. CTCAE: E11396 MW, YH stoma site infection AE 10064505 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving a stoma (surgically created opening on the surface of the body). CTCAE: E11588 MW, YH NCIt: C78629 arteritis infective AE 10065744 NCIt: C34399 CTCAE: E11301 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving an artery. duodenal infection AE 10065752 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the duodenum. NCIt: C78258 CTCAE: E11360 lip infection AE 10065755 MW, YH NCIt: C78434 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the lips. CTCAE: E11440 cecal infection AE 10065761 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the cecum. CTCAE: E11333 MW, YH NCIt: C78235 mucosal infection AE 10065764 MW, YH NCIt: C78454 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving a mucosal surface. CTCAE: E11462 cranial nerve infection AE 10065765 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving a cranial nerve. CTCAE: E11352 NCIt: C78248 MW, YH peripheral nerve infection AE 10065766 CTCAE: E11516 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the peripheral nerves. MW, YH NCIt: C27589 small intestine infection AE 10065771 NCIt: C78618 CTCAE: E11574 MW, YH an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the small intestine. vulval infection AE 10065772 MW, YH NCIt: C78716 an infection AE that has an infectious process involving the vulva. CTCAE: E11629 anal pain AE 10002167 NCIt: C78172 CTCAE: E10486 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the anal region. MW, YH gallbladder pain AE 10017638 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the gallbladder region. CTCAE: E11204 MW, YH NCIt: C78304 gastrointestinal pain AE 10017999 MW, YH CTCAE: E10755 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the gastrointestinal region. NCIt: C78320 hepatic pain AE 10019705 MW, YH CTCAE: E11224 NCIt: C78341 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the liver region. lip pain AE 10024561 MW, YH CTCAE: E10857 NCIt: C79684 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort of the lip. rectal pain AE 10038072 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the rectal region. MW, YH NCIt: C78587 CTCAE: E10977 stomach pain AE 10042112 MW, YH NCIt: C78630 a pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the stomach. CTCAE: E11044 non-cardiac chest pain AE 10062501 CTCAE: E11163 NCIt: C78504 a chest pain AE that has discomfort in the chest unrelated to a heart disorder. MW, YH tracheal obstruction AE 10044291 NCIt: C78645 CTCAE: E11975 MW, YH a respiratory system AE that has the finding of blockage of the lumen of the trachea. colonic hemorrhage AE 10009998 NCIt: C78240 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the colon. CTCAE: E10533 MW, YH esophageal hemorrhage AE 10015384 MW, YH a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the esophagus. CTCAE: E10645 NCIt: C78271 esophageal varices hemorrhage AE 10015453 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from esophageal varices. NCIt: C78282 CTCAE: E10682 MW, YH hepatic hemorrhage AE 10019678 CTCAE: E11215 MW, YH NCIt: C78338 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the liver. oral hemorrhage AE 10030980 NCIt: C79699 MW, YH CTCAE: E10898 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the mouth. pancreatic hemorrhage AE 10033626 NCIt: C78521 MW, YH CTCAE: E10920 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the pancreas. retroperitoneal hemorrhage AE 10038981 MW, YH CTCAE: E10998 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the retroperitoneal area. NCIt: C26944 lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE 10051746 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract (small intestine, large intestine, and anus). CTCAE: E10861 MW, YH NCIt: C78438 duodenal hemorrhage AE 10055242 CTCAE: E10588 NCIt: C78257 MW, YH a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the duodenum. ileal hemorrhage AE 10055287 CTCAE: E10783 MW, YH NCIt: C78353 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the ileal wall. intra-abdominal hemorrhage AE 10055291 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding in the abdominal cavity. MW, YH NCIt: C78372 CTCAE: E10817 jejunal hemorrhage AE 10055300 CTCAE: E10828 NCIt: C78397 MW, YH a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the jejunal wall. postoperative hemorrhage AE 10055322 NCIt: C34938 a hemorrhage AE that has the finding of bleeding occurring after a surgical procedure. MW, YH CTCAE: E11903 tracheal hemorrhage AE 10062548 CTCAE: E11969 a hemorrhage AE that has the finding of bleeding from the trachea. MW, YH NCIt: C78642 cecal hemorrhage AE 10065747 MW, YH CTCAE: E10511 a hemorrhage AE that has bleeding from the cecum. NCIt: C78234 anal stenosis AE 10002176 CTCAE: E10490 an anus AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the anal canal. NCIt: C78173 MW, YH biliary fistula AE 10004665 NCIt: C79540 CTCAE: E11179 MW, YH a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the bile ducts and another organ or anatomic site. bloating AE 10005265 MW, YH NCIt: C78213 CTCAE: E10508 a digestive system AE that has subject-reported feeling of uncomfortable fullness of the abdomen. colonic fistula AE 10009995 a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the large intestine and another organ or anatomic site. MW, YH CTCAE: E10527 NCIt: C78239 colonic obstruction AE 10010000 MW, YH a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the colon. CTCAE: E10539 NCIt: C78241 colonic perforation AE 10010001 a digestive system AE that has a rupture in the colonic wall. NCIt: C78242 MW, YH CTCAE: E10545 colonic ulcer AE 10010006 CTCAE: E10556 MW, YH a digestive system AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the colon. NCIt: C78244 duodenal fistula AE 10013828 CTCAE: E10582 MW, YH a duodenum AE that has an abnormal communication between the duodenum and another organ or anatomic site. NCIt: C78256 duodenal obstruction AE 10013830 MW, YH NCIt: C79548 a duodenum AE that has blockage of the normal flow of stomach contents through the duodenum. CTCAE: E10594 duodenal perforation AE 10013832 MW, YH NCIt: C78259 CTCAE: E10600 a duodenum AE that has a rupture in the duodenal wall. esophageal obstruction AE 10015387 an esophagus AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the contents in the esophagus. CTCAE: E10655 MW, YH NCIt: C78279 esophageal ulcer AE 10015451 NCIt: C26950 an esophagus AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the esophageal wall. CTCAE: E10676 MW, YH gallbladder fistula AE 10017631 a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the gallbladder and another organ or anatomic site. MW, YH NCIt: C78305 CTCAE: E11189 gallbladder obstruction AE 10017636 MW, YH a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the contents of the gallbladder. NCIt: C78308 CTCAE: E11198 gastric perforation AE 10017815 a gastrointestinal perforation AE that occurs in the stomach wall. MW, YH NCIt: C78316 CTCAE: E10716 gastrointestinal fistula AE 10017877 MW, YH CTCAE: E10749 NCIt: C78319 a gastrointestinal disoder AE that has an abnormal communication between any part of the gastrointestinal system and another organ or anatomic site. gastroparesis AE 10018043 CTCAE: E10759 NCIt: C80512 a gastric AE that has an incomplete paralysis of the muscles of the stomach wall resulting in delayed emptying of the gastric contents into the small intestine. MW, YH ileal stenosis AE 10021307 MW, YH NCIt: C78356 a digestive system AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the ileum. CTCAE: E10800 ileal ulcer AE 10021309 a digestive system AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the ileum. NCIt: C78357 MW, YH CTCAE: E10806 jejunal perforation AE 10023174 NCIt: C78399 MW, YH a digestive system AE that has a rupture in the jejunal wall. CTCAE: E10840 jejunal stenosis AE 10023176 CTCAE: E10845 a digestive system AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the jejunum. MW, YH NCIt: C78400 jejunal ulcer AE 10023177 MW, YH a digestive system AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the jejunum. NCIt: C78401 CTCAE: E10851 malabsorption AE 10025476 NCIt: C3214 a digestive system AE that has inadequate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Symptoms include abdominal marked discomfort, bloating and diarrhea. MW, YH CTCAE: E10867 obstruction gastric AE 10029957 a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the contents in the stomach. MW, YH NCIt: C78505 CTCAE: E10882 perforation bile duct AE 10034405 CTCAE: E11234 NCIt: C78528 a digestive system AE that has a rupture in the wall of the extrahepatic or intrahepatic bile duct. MW, YH rectal fistula AE 10038062 MW, YH a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the rectum and another organ or anatomic site. NCIt: C79713 CTCAE: E10949 rectal perforation AE 10038073 MW, YH NCIt: C78588 CTCAE: E10981 a digestive system AE that has a rupture in the rectal wall. rectal stenosis AE 10038079 CTCAE: E10986 MW, YH a digestive system AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the rectum. NCIt: C78589 rectal ulcer AE 10038080 CTCAE: E10992 a digestive system AE that has a circumscribed, inflammatory and necrotic erosive lesion on the mucosal surface of the rectum. NCIt: C78590 MW, YH salivary gland fistula AE 10039411 a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between a salivary gland and another organ or anatomic site. NCIt: C79715 CTCAE: E11009 MW, YH small intestinal perforation AE 10041103 a digestive system AE that has a rupture in the small intestine wall. NCIt: C78616 MW, YH CTCAE: E11027 pancreatic fistula AE 10049192 MW, YH CTCAE: E10914 a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the pancreas and another organ or anatomic site. NCIt: C79701 duodenal stenosis AE 10050094 CTCAE: E10605 MW, YH NCIt: C78260 a duodenum AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the duodenum. bile duct stenosis AE 10051341 MW, YH NCIt: C78182 a digestive system AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the bile duct. CTCAE: E11173 gastric necrosis AE 10051886 CTCAE: E10712 NCIt: C78314 MW, YH a gastric disorder AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the gastric wall. pancreatic necrosis AE 10058096 NCIt: C78522 a digestive system AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the pancreas. CTCAE: E10926 MW, YH gallbladder necrosis AE 10059446 MW, YH a digestive system AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the gallbladder. NCIt: C78307 CTCAE: E11195 gastric stenosis AE 10061970 a gastric disorder AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the stomach. CTCAE: E10721 MW, YH NCIt: C78317 enterovesical fistula AE 10062570 a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the urinary bladder and the intestine. MW, YH NCIt: C78266 CTCAE: E10633 pancreatic duct stenosis AE 10065703 a digestive system AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the pancreatic duct. MW, YH NCIt: C78519 CTCAE: E10908 peritoneal necrosis AE 10065704 a digestive system AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the peritoneum. CTCAE: E10939 MW, YH NCIt: C78543 rectal obstruction AE 10065707 CTCAE: E10971 NCIt: C78586 MW, YH a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the rectum. gastrointestinal stoma necrosis 10065712 a gastrointestinal disoder AE that has the finding of a necrotic process occurring in the gastrointestinal tract stoma. MW, YH NCIt: C78321 CTCAE: E11721 gastric fistula AE 10065713 NCIt: C79595 CTCAE: E10700 MW, YH a gastric disorder AE that has an abnormal communication between the stomach and another organ or anatomic site. jejunal fistula AE 10065719 MW, YH CTCAE: E10822 a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the jejunum and another organ or anatomic site. NCIt: C78396 anal necrosis AE 10065722 NCIt: C78171 CTCAE: E10482 an anus AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the anal region. MW, YH esophageal necrosis AE 10065727 MW, YH an esophagus AE that has a necrotic process occurring in the esophageal wall. CTCAE: E10651 NCIt: C78278 ileal fistula AE 10065728 NCIt: C78352 MW, YH CTCAE: E10777 a digestive system AE that has an abnormal communication between the ileum and another organ or anatomic site. ileal obstruction AE 10065730 MW, YH NCIt: C78354 CTCAE: E10789 a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the ileum. jejunal obstruction AE 10065732 a digestive system AE that has blockage of the normal flow of the intestinal contents in the jejunum. NCIt: C78398 MW, YH CTCAE: E10834 esophageal fistula AE 10065851 NCIt: C79574 MW, YH CTCAE: E10639 an esophagus AE that has an abnormal communication between the esophagus and another organ or anatomic site. dry eye AE 10013774 NCIt: C34553 CTCAE: E10363 an eye AE that has dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva. MW, YH flashing lights AE 10016757 an eye AE that has a sudden or brief burst of light. MW, YH NCIt: C50568 CTCAE: E10384 floaters AE 10016778 an eye AE that has an individual seeing spots before their eyes. The spots are shadows of opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor or lens. NCIt: C37955 CTCAE: E10388 MW, YH night blindness AE 10029404 CTCAE: E10401 MW, YH NCIt: C34850 an eye AE that has an inability to see clearly in dim light. retinal tear AE 10038897 MW, YH CTCAE: E10425 NCIt: C50732 an eye AE that has a small laceration of the retina, this occurs when the vitreous separates from the retina. Symptoms include flashes and floaters. retinal vascular disorder AE 10038901 CTCAE: E10429 an eye AE that has pathological retinal blood vessels that adversely affects vision. NCIt: C35170 MW, YH vitreous hemorrhage AE 10047656 an eye AE that has blood extravasation into the vitreous humor. NCIt: C50469 CTCAE: E10447 MW, YH watering eyes AE 10047848 NCIt: C78717 MW, YH an eye AE that has excessive tearing in the eyes; it can be caused by overproduction of tears or impaired drainage of the tear duct. CTCAE: E10452 optic nerve disorder AE 10061322 NCIt: C79698 an eye AE that has involvement of the optic nerve (second cranial nerve). CTCAE: E10406 MW, YH scleral disorder AE 10061510 CTCAE: E10437 NCIt: C79717 MW, YH an eye AE that has involvement of the sclera of the eye. vestibular disorder AE 10047386 CTCAE: E10295 NCIt: C27166 an ear AE that has dizziness, imbalance, nausea, and vision problems. MW, YH external ear pain AE 10065785 MW, YH an ear pain AE that has a sensation of marked discomfort in the external ear region. NCIt: C78285 CTCAE: E10272 constrictive pericarditis AE 10010783 CTCAE: E10120 NCIt: C78246 MW, YH a cardiovascular AE that has a thickened and fibrotic pericardial sac; these fibrotic changes impede normal myocardial function by restricting myocardial muscle action. sick sinus syndrome AE 10040639 MW, YH NCIt: C62244 CTCAE: E10202 a cardiovascular AE that has a dysrhythmia with alternating periods of bradycardia and atrial tachycardia accompanied by syncope, fatigue and dizziness. pericardial tamponade AE 10053565 a cardiovascular AE that has an increase in intrapericardial pressure due to the collection of blood or fluid in the pericardium. NCIt: C50481 MW, YH CTCAE: E10177 tricuspid valve disease AE 10061389 MW, YH CTCAE: E10224 NCIt: C78649 a cardiovascular AE that has a defect in tricuspid valve function or structure. mitral valve disease AE 10061532 a cardiovascular AE that has a defect in mitral valve function or structure. NCIt: C78446 MW, YH CTCAE: E10134 pulmonary valve disease AE 10061541 a cardiovascular AE that has a defect in pulmonary valve function or structure. NCIt: C78579 CTCAE: E10186 MW, YH aortic valve disease AE 10061589 CTCAE: E10071 MW, YH NCIt: C78650 a cardiovascular AE that has a defect in aortic valve function or structure. tooth discoloration AE 10044031 CTCAE: E11052 a bone AE that has a change in tooth hue or tint. MW, YH NCIt: C80112 neck edema AE 10054482 MW, YH an edema AE that has swelling due to an accumulation of excessive fluid in the neck. CTCAE: E11159 NCIt: C78501 edema trunk AE 10058720 CTCAE: E11090 MW, YH NCIt: C78263 an edema AE that has swelling due to excessive fluid accumulation in the trunk area. proctitis AE 10036774 CTCAE: E10943 MW, YH NCIt: C38011 an inflammation AE that has inflammation of the rectum. rectal mucositis AE 10063190 NCIt: C78584 an inflammation AE that has inflammation of the mucous membrane of the rectum MW, YH CTCAE: E10961 anal mucositis AE 10065721 MW, YH CTCAE: E10476 NCIt: C78170 an inflammation AE that has inflammation of the mucous membrane of the anus. external ear inflammation AE 10065837 an inflammation AE that has inflammation, swelling and redness to the outer ear and ear canal. NCIt: C79601 MW, YH CTCAE: E10266 middle ear inflammation AE 10065838 MW, YH an inflammation AE that has inflammation (physiologic response to irritation), swelling and redness to the middle ear. NCIt: C34885 CTCAE: E10281 death neonatal AE 10011912 NCIt: C80082 MW, YH CTCAE: E11078 a death AE that has cessation of life occurring during the first 28 days of life. ankle fracture AE 10002544 NCIt: C26989 CTCAE: E11640 a fracture AE that has a break in the continuity of the ankle bone. Symptoms include marked discomfort, swelling and difficulty moving the affected leg and foot. MW, YH hip fracture AE 10020100 CTCAE: E11726 a fracture AE that has the finding of traumatic injury to the hip in which the continuity of either the femoral head, femoral neck, intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric regions is broken. NCIt: C26794 MW, YH spinal fracture AE 10041569 NCIt: C80516 a fracture AE that has the finding of traumatic injury to the spine in which the continuity of a vertebral bone is broken. MW, YH CTCAE: E11954 wrist fracture AE 10048049 a fracture AE that has the finding of traumatic injury to the wrist joint in which the continuity of a wrist bone is broken. MW, YH CTCAE: E12069 NCIt: C80517 bronchial infection AE 10055078 a lung infection AE that has an infectious process involving the bronchi. NCIt: C2911 MW, YH CTCAE: E11323 CPK increased AE 10011268 MW, YH a muscle enzyme level increased AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an increase in levels of creatine phosphokinase in a blood specimen. CTCAE: E12132 NCIt: C78247 radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE 10037767 CTCAE: E11926 MW, YH a recall phenomenon AE that has the finding of acute skin inflammatory reaction caused by drugs, especially chemotherapeutic agents, for weeks or months following radiotherapy. The inflammatory reaction is confined to the previously irradiated skin and the symptoms disappear after the removal of the pharmaceutical agent. NCIt: C78580 CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE 10007839 MW, YH NCIt: C78233 CTCAE: E12122 an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of CD4 lymphocytes in a blood specimen. vital capacity abnormal AE 10047580 CTCAE: E12220 NCIt: C78715 a respiratory and pulmonary investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on pulmonary function test results that indicate an abnormal vital capacity (amount of exhaled after a maximum inhalation) when compared to the predicted value. MW, YH carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE 10065906 MW, YH CTCAE: E12112 a respiratory and pulmonary investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on lung function test results that indicate a decrease in the lung capacity to absorb carbon monoxide. NCIt: C78229 blood antidiuretic hormone abnormal AE 10005332 CTCAE: E12092 NCIt: C78214 an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate abnormal levels of antidiuretic hormone in the blood specimen. MW, YH blood corticotrophin decreased AE 10005452 an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of corticotrophin in a blood specimen. CTCAE: E12101 MW, YH NCIt: C78215 blood gonadotrophin abnormal AE 10005561 NCIt: C78216 MW, YH an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate abnormal levels of gonadotrophin hormone in a blood specimen. CTCAE: E12105 blood prolactin abnormal AE 10005778 an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate abnormal levels of prolactin hormone in a blood specimen. CTCAE: E12109 NCIt: C78217 MW, YH growth hormone abnormal AE 10018748 NCIt: C78327 an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate abnormal levels of growth hormone in a biological specimen. MW, YH CTCAE: E12166 pancreatic enzymes decreased AE 10062646 MW, YH NCIt: C78520 CTCAE: E12203 an enzyme investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of pancreatic enzymes in a biological specimen. fibrinogen decreased AE 10016596 MW, YH NCIt: C78300 a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that has the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of fibrinogen in a blood specimen. CTCAE: E12151 haptoglobin decreased AE 10019150 NCIt: C78330 a hematology investigation result abnormal with the finding based on laboratory test results that indicate an decrease in levels of haptoglobin in a blood specimen. CTCAE: E12169 MW, YH acute coronary syndrome AE 10051592 MW, YH NCIt: C53652 a coronary heart disease AE that has signs and symptoms related to acute ischemia of the myocardium secondary to coronary artery disease. The clinical presentation covers a spectrum of heart diseases from unstable angina to myocardial infarction. CTCAE: E10066 eyelid function disorder AE 10061145 CTCAE: E10380 MW, YH an eyelid disorder AE that has impaired eyelid function. NCIt: C78288 aortic injury AE 10002899 CTCAE: E11644 MW, YH NCIt: C35623 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the aorta. arterial injury AE 10003162 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to an artery CTCAE: E11648 MW, YH NCIt: C35401 injury to carotid artery AE 10022161 CTCAE: E11730 MW, YH NCIt: C79599 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the carotid artery. injury to inferior vena cava AE 10022213 MW, YH CTCAE: E11734 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the inferior vena cava. NCIt: C78363 injury to superior vena cava AE 10022356 CTCAE: E11741 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the superior vena cava. MW, YH NCIt: C78365 intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE 10065825 MW, YH CTCAE: E11798 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the gastrointestinal system during a surgical procedure. NCIt: C78380 intraoperative arterial injury AE 10065826 CTCAE: E11770 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to an artery during a surgical procedure. MW, YH NCIt: C78375 intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE 10065827 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the hepatic parenchyma and/or biliary tract during a surgical procedure. CTCAE: E11814 MW, YH NCIt: C78382 intraoperative urinary injury AE 10065828 NCIt: C78391 CTCAE: E11867 MW, YH an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the urinary system during a surgical procedure. intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE 10065829 MW, YH CTCAE: E11820 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the musculoskeletal system during a surgical procedure. NCIt: C78383 intraoperative neurological injury AE 10065830 CTCAE: E11826 MW, YH an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the nervous system during a surgical procedure. NCIt: C78384 intraoperative breast injury AE 10065831 NCIt: C78376 MW, YH CTCAE: E11776 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the breast parenchyma during a surgical procedure. intraoperative respiratory injury AE 10065832 CTCAE: E11850 NCIt: C78388 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the respiratory system during a surgical procedure. MW, YH intraoperative endocrine injury AE 10065834 CTCAE: E11792 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the endocrine gland during a surgical procedure. MW, YH NCIt: C78379 intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE 10065840 CTCAE: E11844 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the reproductive organs during a surgical procedure. MW, YH NCIt: C78387 intraoperative ocular injury AE 10065841 NCIt: C78385 CTCAE: E11832 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the eye during a surgical procedure. MW, YH lintraoperative head and neck injury AE 10065842 MW, YH CTCAE: E11804 NCIt: C78381 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the head and neck during a surgical procedure. intraoperative cardiac injury AE 10065843 CTCAE: E11782 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the heart during a surgical procedure. MW, YH NCIt: C78377 intraoperative ear injury AE 10065844 CTCAE: E11786 MW, YH NCIt: C78378 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the ear during a surgical procedure. intraoperative renal injury AE 10065845 CTCAE: E11838 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the kidney during a surgical procedure. NCIt: C78386 MW, YH intraoperative skin injury AE 10065846 MW, YH NCIt: C78389 an injury AE finding of damage to the skin during a surgical procedure. CTCAE: E11856 intraoperative splenic injury AE 10065847 NCIt: C78390 CTCAE: E11862 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the spleen during a surgical procedure. MW, YH intraoperative venous injury AE 10065848 CTCAE: E11873 MW, YH an injury AE that has the finding of damage to a vein during a surgical procedure. NCIt: C78392 injury to jugular vein AE 10065849 an injury AE that has the finding of damage to the jugular vein. CTCAE: E11737 NCIt: C78364 MW, YH appendicitis perforated AE 10003012 NCIt: C78178 CTCAE: E11296 an appendicitis AE that has acute inflammation to the vermiform appendix caused by a pathogenic agent with gangrenous changes resulting in the rupture of the appendiceal wall. The appendiceal wall rupture causes the release of inflammatory and bacterial contents from the appendiceal lumen into the abdominal cavity. MW, YH cardiac troponin T increased 10007613 CTCAE: E12119 MW, YH NCIt: C78231 a troponin AE which indicates increased levels of cardiac troponin T in a biological specimen conjunctivitis infective AE 10010742 an eye infection AE that has an infectious process involving the conjunctiva. Clinical manifestations include pink or red color in the eyes. CTCAE: E11342 MW, YH NCIt: C35704 endophthalmitis AE 10014801 an eye infection AE that has an infectious process involving the internal structures of the eye. NCIt: C34586 MW, YH CTCAE: E11377 periorbital infection AE 10051472 CTCAE: E11511 MW, YH an eye infection AE that has an infectious process involving the orbit of the eye. NCIt: C78531 corneal infection AE 10061788 MW, YH CTCAE: E11347 NCIt: C26805 an eye infection AE that has an infectious process involving the cornea. Grade 1 fatigue AE a fatigue AE that has fatigue relieved by rest CTCAE: E11099 MW, YH Grade 2 fatigue AE MW, YH a fatigue AE that has fatigue not relieved by rest; limiting instrumental activities of daily living CTCAE: E11100 Grade 3 fatigue AE a fatigue AE that has fatigue not relieved by rest, limiting self care activities of daily living CTCAE: E11101 MW, YH Grade 2 myocardial infarction AE MW, YH a myocardial infarction AE that has asymptomatic and cardiac enzymes minimally abnormal and no evidence of ischemic ECG changes CTCAE: E10153 Grade 3 myocardial infarction AE a myocardial infarction AE that has severe symptoms; cardiac enzymes abnormal; hemodynamically stable; ECG changes consistent with infarction CTCAE: E10154 MW, YH Grade 3 pancreatitis AE a pancreatitis AE that has enzyme elevation or radiologic findings only CTCAE: E10931 MW, YH Grade 3 pancreatitis AE CTCAE: E10932 a pancreatitis AE that has severe pain; vomiting; medical intervention indicated (e.g., analgesia, nutritional support) MW, YH Grade 1 activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE an activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 1.5 times the upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12074 MW, YH Grade 2 activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE an activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE that is 1.5-2.5 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH CTCAE: E12075 Grade 3 activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE an activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged AE that is greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal; hemorrhage CTCAE: E12076 MW, YH Grade 1 alanine aminotransferase level increased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12078 an alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 3 times the upper limit of normal Grade 2 alanine aminotransferase level increased AE an alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 3 to 5 times the upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12079 MW, YH Grade 3 alanine aminotransferase level increased AE an alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 5 to 20 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH CTCAE: E12080 Grade 4 alanine aminotransferase level increased AE an alanine aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 20 times the upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12081 MW, YH Grade 2 anal ulcer AE CTCAE: E10498 MW, YH an anal ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function Grade 3 anal ulcer AE an anal ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; disabling CTCAE: E10499 MW, YH Grade 3 atrial flutter AE CTCAE: E10090 an atrial flutter AE that has symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device (e.g., pacemaker), or ablation MW, YH Grade 2 otitis media AE MW, YH an otitis media AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11478 Grade 3 otitis media AE CTCAE: E11479 an otitis media AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 1 pericarditis AE CTCAE: E10181 MW, YH a pericarditis AE that has asymptomatic, ECG or physical findings (e.g., rub) consistent with pericarditis Grade 2 pericarditis AE CTCAE: E10182 MW, YH a pericarditis AE that has symptomatic pericarditis (e.g., chest pain) Grade 3 pericarditis AE MW, YH a pericarditis AE that has pericarditis with physiologic consequences (e.g., pericardial constriction) CTCAE: E10183 Grade 2 pharyngitis AE a pharyngitis AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11526 MW, YH Grade 3 pharyngitis AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11527 a pharyngitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 1 fever AE MW, YH a fever AE that has 38.0 - 39.0 degrees C (100.4 - 102.2 degrees F) CTCAE: E11103 Grade 2 fever AE CTCAE: E11104 a fever AE that has greater than 39.0 - 40.0 degrees C (102.3 - 104.0 degrees F) MW, YH Grade 3 fever AE a fever AE that has greater than 40.0 degrees C (greater than104.0 degrees F) for less than or equal to 24 hrs CTCAE: E11105 MW, YH Grade 4 fever AE a fever AE that has greater than 40.0 degrees C (greater than104.0 degrees F) for more than 24 hrs CTCAE: E11106 MW, YH Grade 1 injection-site adverse event MW, YH CTCAE: E11139 an injection-site adverse event characterized by tenderness with or without associated symptoms (e.g., warmth, erythema, itching) Grade 2 injection-site adverse event CTCAE: E11140 an injection-site adverse event characterized by pain; lipodystrophy; edema; phlebitis MW, YH Grade 3 injection-site adverse event MW, YH an injection-site adverse event characterized by ulceration or necrosis; severe tissue damage; operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11141 Grade 3 leukocytosis AE CTCAE: E10049 a leukocyte cell number increased AE where leukocytes are greater than 100,000/mm3 MW, YH Grade 4 leukocytosis AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10050 a leukocyte cell number increased AE that has clinical manifestations of leucostasis; urgent intervention indicated Grade 1 leukocyte cell number decreased AE CTCAE: E12233 MW, YH a leukocyte cell number decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal - 3000/mm3; less than the lower limit of normal - 3.0 x 10e9 /L Grade 2 leukocyte cell number decreased AE CTCAE: E12234 a leukocyte cell number decreased AE that is less than 3000 - 2000/mm3; less than 3.0 - 2.0 x 10e9 /L MW, YH Grade 3 leukocyte cell number decreased AE MW, YH a leukocyte cell number decreased AE that is less than 2000 - 1000/mm3; less than 2.0 - 1.0 x 10e9 /L CTCAE: E12235 Grade 4 leukocyte cell number decreased AE CTCAE: E12236 MW, YH a leukocyte cell number decreased AE that is less than 1000/mm3; less than 1.0 x 10e9 /L Grade 1 malaise AE a malaise AE that has uneasiness or lack of well being CTCAE: E11153 MW, YH Grade 2 malaise AE CTCAE: E11154 MW, YH a malaise AE that has uneasiness or lack of well being; limiting instrumental activities of daily living Grade 1 chills AE MW, YH a chills AE that has mild sensation of cold; shivering; chattering of teeth CTCAE: E11075 Grade 2 chills AE CTCAE: E11076 A chills AE that has moderate tremor of the entire body; narcotics indicated MW, YH Grade 3 chills AE MW, YH a chills AE that has severe or prolonged, not responsive to narcotics CTCAE: E11077 Grade 1 edema face AE CTCAE: E11083 an edema face AE that has localized facial edema MW, YH Grade 3 meningitis AE CTCAE: E11459 MW, YH a meningitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated; focal neurologic deficit Grade 2 serum sickness AE CTCAE: E11278 a serum sickness AE that has moderate arthralgia; fever, rash, urticaria, antihistamines indicated MW, YH Grade 3 serum sickness AE a serum sickness AE that has severe arthralgia or arthritis; extensive rash; steroids or IV fluids indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11279 Grade 2 urinary tract infection AE CTCAE: E11615 MW, YH a urinary tract infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) Grade 3 urinary tract infection AE a urinary tract infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11616 Grade 2 laryngitis AE a laryngitis AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) MW, YH CTCAE: E11436 Grade 3 laryngitis AE CTCAE: E11437 a laryngitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 1 dry mouth AE CTCAE: E10579 MW, YH a dry mouth AE that is symptomatic (e.g., dry or thick saliva) without significant dietary alteration; unstimulated saliva flow greater than0.2 ml/min Grade 2 dry mouth AE CTCAE: E10580 MW, YH a dry mouth AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intake alterations (e.g., copious water, other lubricants, diet limited to purees and/or soft, moist foods); unstimulated saliva 0.1 to 0.2 ml/min Grade 3 dry mouth AE MW, YH a dry mouth AE that has the inability to adequately aliment orally; tube feeding or TPN indicated; unstimulated saliva <0.1 ml/min CTCAE: E10581 Grade 2 pustular rash AE a pustular rash AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11546 MW, YH Grade 3 pustular rash AE CTCAE: E11547 MW, YH a pustular rash AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 2 flatulence AE CTCAE: E10699 MW, YH a flatulence AE that has moderate; persistent; psychosocial sequelae Grade 1 weight loss AE MW, YH a weight loss AE that is 5 to less than 10% from baseline; intervention not indicated CTCAE: E12229 Grade 2 weight loss AE a weight loss AE that is 10 - less than 20% from baseline; nutritional support indicated CTCAE: E12230 MW, YH Grade 3 weight loss AE MW, YH a weight loss AE that is greater than or equal to 20% from baseline; tube feeding or TPN indicated CTCAE: E12231 Grade 1 abnormal gait AE CTCAE: E11113 an abnormal gait AE that has mild change in gait (e.g., wide-based, limping or hobbling) MW, YH Grade 2 abnormal gait AE CTCAE: E11114 an abnormal gait AE that has moderate change in gait (e.g., wide-based, limping or hobbling); assistive device indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living MW, YH Grade 1 anemia AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10011 an anemia AE where hemoglobin (Hgb) is less than the lower limit of normal (LLN), which is 10.0 g/dL, 6.2 mmol/L, or 100 g/L. Grade 2 anemia AE CTCAE: E10012 an anemia AE where hemoglobin (Hgb) is less than 10.0-8.0 g/dL, 6.2 -4.9 mmol/L, or 100 - 80 g/L. MW, YH Grade 3 anemia AE MW, YH an anemia AE where hemoglobin (Hgb) is less than 8.0 g/dL, 4.9 mmol/L, or 80 g/L. CTCAE: E10013 Grade 2 sinusitis AE a sinusitis AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11564 MW, YH Grade 3 sinusitis AE CTCAE: E11565 MW, YH a sinusitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated Grade 1 allergy AE an allergy AE that has transient flushing or rash, drug fever <38 degrees C (<100.4 degrees F); intervention not indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11249 Grade 2 allergy AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11250 an allergy AE where intervention or infusion interruption indicated; responds promptly to symptomatic treatment (e.g., antihistamines, NSAIDS, narcotics); prophylactic medications indicated for less than or equal to 24 hrs Grade 3 allergy AE CTCAE: E11251 an allergy AE that is prolonged (e.g., not rapidly responsive to symptomatic medication and/or brief interruption of infusion); recurrence of symptoms following initial improvement; hospitalization indicated for clinical sequelae (e.g., renal impairment, pulmonary infiltrates) MW, YH Grade 1 dysphagia AE a dysphagia AE that is symptomatic, able to eat regular diet CTCAE: E10622 MW, YH Grade 2 dysphagia AE CTCAE: E10623 a dysphagia AE that is symptomatic and altered eating/swallowing MW, YH Grade 3 dysphagia AE a dysphagia AE that has severely altered eating/swallowing; tube feeding or TPN or hospitalization indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10624 Grade 1 platelet count decreased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12208 a platelet count decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal - 75,000/mm3; less than the lower limit of normal - 75.0 x 10e9 /L Grade 2 platelet count decreased AE a platelet count decreased AE that is less than 75,000 - 50,000/mm3; less than 75.0 - 50.0 x 10e9 /L MW, YH CTCAE: E12209 Grade 3 platelet count decreased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12210 a platelet count decreased AE that is less than 50,000 - 25,000/mm3; less than 50.0 - 25.0 x 10e9 /L Grade 4 platelet count decreased AE a platelet count decreased AE that is less than 25,000/mm3; less than 25.0 x 10e9 /L CTCAE: E12211 MW, YH Grade 1 vomiting AE a vomiting AE that has 1 - 2 episodes (separated by 5 minutes) in 24 hrs CTCAE: E11069 MW, YH Grade 2 vomiting AE a vomiting AE that has 3 - 5 episodes (separated by 5 minutes) in 24 hrs CTCAE: E11070 MW, YH Grade 3 vomiting AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11071 a vomiting AE that has 6 or more episodes (separated by 5 minutes) in 24 hrs; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated Grade 1 constipation AE CTCAE: E10563 a constipation AE that has occasional or intermittent symptoms; occasional use of stool softeners, laxatives, dietary modification, or enema MW, YH Grade 2 constipation AE CTCAE: E10564 MW, YH a constipation AE that has persistent symptoms with regular use of laxatives or enemas; limiting instrumental activities of daily living Grade 3 constipation AE a constipation AE that has obstipation with manual evacuation indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living CTCAE: E10565 MW, YH Grade 2 lymphocyte count increased AE CTCAE: E12196 MW, YH a lymphocyte count increased AE that is greater than 4000/mm3 - 20,000/mm3 Grade 3 lymphocyte count increased AE MW, YH a lymphocyte count increased AE that is greater than 20,000/mm3 CTCAE: E12197 Grade 2 hypothermia AE a hypothermia AE that has 35 - greater than 32 degrees C; 95 - greater than 89.6 degrees F MW, YH CTCAE: E11123 Grade 3 hypothermia AE CTCAE: E11124 MW, YH a hypothermia AE that has 32 - greater than 28 degrees C; 89.6 - greater than 82.4 degrees F Grade 4 hypothermia AE CTCAE: E11125 MW, YH a hypothermia AE that has less than or equal to 28 degrees C; 82.4 degrees F; life-threatening consequences (e.g., coma, hypotension, pulmonary edema, acidemia, ventricular fibrillation) Grade 1 hematoma AE MW, YH a hematoma AE that is localized or in a dependent area CTCAE: E11667 Grade 2 hematoma AE CTCAE: E11668 MW, YH a hematoma AE that is generalized Grade 1 aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE an aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 3 times the upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12088 MW, YH Grade 2 aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12089 an aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 3 to 5 times the upper limit of normal Grade 3 aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE an aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 5 to 20 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH CTCAE: E12090 Grade 4 aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE an aspartate aminotransferase level increased AE that is greater than 20 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH CTCAE: E12091 Grade 3 atrial fibrillation AE CTCAE: E10084 MW, YH an atrial fibrillation AE that has symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device (e.g., pacemaker), or ablation Grade 1 blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE a blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 2.5 times the upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12083 MW, YH Grade 2 blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE CTCAE: E12084 MW, YH a blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE that is greater than 2.5 to 5 times the upper limit of normal Grade 3 blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE CTCAE: E12085 MW, YH a blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE that is greater than 5 to 20 times the upper limit of normal Grade 4 blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE CTCAE: E12086 MW, YH a blood alkaline phosphatase increased AE that is greater than 20 times the upper limit of normal Grade 1 blood amylase level increased AE a blood amylase level increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal - 1.5 times the upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12213 MW, YH Grade 2 blood amylase level increased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12214 a blood amylase level increased AE that is greater than 1.5 - 2.0 times the upper limit of normal Grade 3 blood amylase level increased AE a blood amylase level increased AE that is greater than 2.0 - 5.0 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH CTCAE: E12215 Grade 4 blood amylase level increased AE CTCAE: E12216 MW, YH a blood amylase level increased AE that is greater than 5.0 times the upper limit of normal Grade 1 blood bilirubin level increased AE CTCAE: E12097 MW, YH a blood bilirubin level increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 1.5 times the upper limit of normal Grade 2 blood bilirubin level increased AE a blood bilirubin level increased AE that is greater than 1.5 to 3 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH CTCAE: E12098 Grade 3 blood bilirubin level increased AE MW, YH a blood bilirubin level increased AEgreater than3.0 - 10.0 x upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12099 Grade 4 blood bilirubin level increased AE CTCAE: E12100 a blood bilirubin level increased AE that is greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH Grade 1 blood cholesterol increased AE a blood cholesterol increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 300 mg/dL; greater than the upper limit of normal to 7.75 mmol/L MW, YH CTCAE: E12128 Grade 2 blood cholesterol increased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12129 a blood cholesterol increased AE that is greater than 300 - 400 mg/dL; greater than 7.75 - 10.34 mmol/L Grade 3 blood cholesterol increased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12130 a blood cholesterol increased AE that is greater than 400 - 500 mg/dL; greater than 10.34 - 12.92 mmol/L Grade 4 blood cholesterol increased AE CTCAE: E12131 a blood cholesterol increased AE that is greater than 500 mg/dL; greater than 12.92 mmol/L MW, YH Grade 1 blood creatinine level increased AE CTCAE: E12138 a blood creatinine level increased AE that is greater than 1 - 1.5 times the baseline; greater than the upper limit of normal - 1.5 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH Grade 2 blood creatinine level increased AE a blood creatinine level increased AE that is greater than 1.5 - 3.0 times the baseline; greater than 1.5 - 3.0 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH CTCAE: E12139 Grade 3 blood creatinine level increased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12140 a blood creatinine level increased AE that is greater than 3.0 times the baseline; greater than 3.0 - 6.0 times the upper limit of normal Grade 4 blood creatinine level increased AE CTCAE: E12141 a blood creatinine level increased AE that is greater than 6.0 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH Grade 1 bone marrow depression AE MW, YH a bone marrow depression AE categorized as mildly hypocellular or less than or equal to 25% reduction from normal cellularity for age CTCAE: E10023 Grade 2 bone marrow depression AE a bone marrow depression AE categorized as moderately hypocellular or greater than 25 to less than 50% reduction from normal cellularity for age CTCAE: E10024 MW, YH Grade 3 bone marrow depression AE CTCAE: E10025 MW, YH a bone marrow depression AE cateogirzed as severely hypocellular or greater than 50 to less than or equal to 75% reduction cellularity from normal for age Grade 4 bone marrow depression AE a bone marrow depression AE categorized as aplastic persistent for longer than 2 weeks CTCAE: E10026 MW, YH Grade 2 breast infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11319 a breast infection AE that has local infection with moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) Grade 3 breast infection AE a breast infection AE that has severe infection; axillary adenitis; IV antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated CTCAE: E11320 MW, YH Grade 1 cardiac failure AE a cardiac failure AE that is asymptomatic with laboratory (e.g., BNP [B-Natriuretic Peptide ]) or cardiac imaging abnormalities CTCAE: E10125 MW, YH Grade 2 cardiac failure AE a cardiac failure AE that has symptoms with mild to moderate activity or exertion CTCAE: E10126 MW, YH Grade 3 cardiac failure AE a cardiac failure AE that has severe with symptoms at rest or with minimal activity or exertion; intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10127 Grade 4 cardiac failure AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10128 a cardiac failure AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., continuous IV therapy or mechanical hemodynamic support) Grade 2 cataract AE a cataract AE that is symptomatic; moderate decrease in visual acuity (20/40 or better) CTCAE: E10352 MW, YH Grade 3 cataract AE MW, YH a cataract AE that is symptomatic with marked decrease in visual acuity (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200); operative intervention indicated (e.g., cataract surgery) CTCAE: E10353 Grade 4 cataract AE a cataract AE that is characterized by blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye CTCAE: E10354 MW, YH Grade 2 catheter related infection AE CTCAE: E11329 a catheter related infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) MW, YH Grade 3 catheter related infection AE MW, YH a catheter related infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11330 Grade 2 colitis AE a colitis AE that has abdominal pain; mucus or blood in stool CTCAE: E10523 MW, YH Grade 3 colitis AE CTCAE: E10524 MW, YH a colitis AE that has severe abdominal pain; change in bowel habits; medical intervention indicated; peritoneal signs Grade 1 cytokine release syndrome AE CTCAE: E11265 a cytokine release syndrome AE that has a mild reaction; infusion interruption not indicated; intervention not indicated MW, YH Grade 2 cytokine release syndrome AE a cytokine release syndrome AE where therapy or infusion interruption indicated but responds promptly to symptomatic treatment (e.g., antihistamines, NSAIDS, narcotics, IV fluids); prophylactic medications indicated for less than or equal to 24 hrs MW, YH CTCAE: E11266 Grade 3 cytokine release syndrome AE MW, YH a cytokine release syndrome AEthat is prolonged (e.g., not rapidly responsive to symptomatic medication and/or brief interruption of infusion); recurrence of symptoms following initial improvement; hospitalization indicated for clinical sequelae (e.g., renal impairment, pulmonary infiltrates) CTCAE: E11267 Grade 1 dental caries AE a dental caries AE that has one or more dental caries, not involving the root CTCAE: E10569 MW, YH Grade 2 dental caries AE MW, YH a dental caries AE that has dental caries involving the root CTCAE: E10570 Grade 3 dental caries AE CTCAE: E10571 a dental caries AE that has dental caries resulting in pulpitis or periapical abscess or resulting in tooth loss MW, YH Grade 3 device related infection AE a device related infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11357 Grade 2 disseminated intravascular coagulation AE a disseminated intravascular coagulation AE that has laboratory findings with no bleeding CTCAE: E10029 MW, YH Grade 3 disseminated intravascular coagulation AE MW, YH a disseminated intravascular coagulation AE that has laboratory findings and bleeding CTCAE: E10030 Grade 2 ejection fraction decreased AE CTCAE: E12143 MW, YH an ejection fraction decreased AE where the resting ejection fraction (EF) 50 - 40%; 10 - 19% drop from baseline Grade 3 ejection fraction decreased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12144 an ejection fraction decreased AE where the resting ejection fraction (EF) 39 - 20%; greater than 20% drop from baseline Grade 4 ejection fraction decreased AE CTCAE: E12145 MW, YH an ejection fraction decreased AE where the resting ejection fraction (EF) less than 20% Grade 1 electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12147 an electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE where the QTc 450 - 480 ms Grade 2 electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12148 an electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE where the QTc 481 - 500 ms Grade 3 electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE an electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE where the QTc is greater than or equal to 501 ms on at least two separate ECGs CTCAE: E12149 MW, YH Grade 4 electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE CTCAE: E12150 an electrocardiogram qt prolonged AE where the QTc is greater than or equal to 501 or greater than 60 ms change from baseline and Torsade de pointes or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or signs/symptoms of serious arrhythmia MW, YH Grade 2 enterocolitis AE MW, YH an enterocolitis AE that has abdominal pain; mucus or blood in stool CTCAE: E10629 Grade 3 enterocolitis AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10630 an enterocolitis AE that has severe or persistent abdominal pain; fever; ileus; peritoneal signs Grade 1 fall AE a fall AE that is minor with no resultant injuries; intervention not indicated CTCAE: E11688 MW, YH Grade 3 fall AE a fall AE where hospitalization indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11690 Grade 3 febrile neutropenia AE CTCAE: E10034 a febrile neutropenia AE categorized as anC less than 1000/mm3 with a single temperature of greater than 38.3 degrees C (101 degrees F) or a sustained temperature of greater than or equal to 38 degrees C (100.4 degrees F) for more than one hour. MW, YH Grade 1 forced expiratory volume decreased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12157 a forced expiratory volume decreased AE where FEV1% (percentages of observed FEV1 and FVC related to their respective predicted values) 99 - 70% predicted Grade 2 forced expiratory volume decreased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12158 a forced expiratory volume decreased AE where FEV1 60 - 69% Grade 3 forced expiratory volume decreased AE MW, YH a forced expiratory volume decreased AE where FEV1 50 - 59% CTCAE: E12159 Grade 4 forced expiratory volume decreased AE CTCAE: E12160 a forced expiratory volume decreased AE where FEV1 is less than or equal to 49% MW, YH Grade 2 fracture AE CTCAE: E11705 a fracture AE that is symptomatic but non-displaced; immobilization indicated MW, YH Grade 3 fracture AE CTCAE: E11706 MW, YH a fracture AE that has severe symptoms; displaced or open wound with bone exposure; disabling; operative intervention indicated Grade 1 gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12162 a gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal - 2.5 times upper limit of normal Grade 2 gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE CTCAE: E12163 MW, YH a gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE that is greater than 2.5 - 5.0 times the upper limit of normal Grade 3 gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE CTCAE: E12164 a gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE that is greater than 5.0 - 20.0 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH Grade 4 gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE MW, YH a gamma-glutamyltransferase level increased AE that is greater than 20.0 times the upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12165 Grade 2 gastric ulcer AE a gastric ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living CTCAE: E10729 MW, YH Grade 3 gastric ulcer AE MW, YH a gastric ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling CTCAE: E10730 Grade 2 gastritis AE CTCAE: E10735 MW, YH a gastritis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; medical intervention indicated Grade 3 gastritis AE MW, YH a gastritis AE that has severely altered eating or gastric function; TPN or hospitalization indicated CTCAE: E10736 Grade 1 hemolytic uremic syndrome AE a hemolytic uremic syndrome AE that has evidence of RBC destruction (schistocytosis) without clinical consequences MW, YH CTCAE: E10044 Grade 3 hemolytic uremic syndrome AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10045 a hemolytic uremic syndrome AE that has laboratory findings with clinical consequences (e.g., renal insufficiency, petechiae) Grade 4 hemolytic uremic syndrome AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10046 a hemolytic uremic syndrome AE that has life-threatening consequences, (e.g., CNS hemorrhage or thrombosis/embolism or renal failure) Grade 3 hemorrhoidal hemorrhage AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10770 a hemorrhoidal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 hepatic failure AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11212 a hepatic failure AE that has asterixis; mild encephalopathy; limiting self care activities of daily living Grade 4 hepatic failure AE CTCAE: E11213 a hepatic failure AE that has moderate to severe encephalopathy; coma; life-threatening consequences MW, YH Grade 3 hepatitis viral AE CTCAE: E11412 a hepatitis viral AE that has symptomatic liver dysfunction; fibrosis by biopsy; compensated cirrhosis; reactivation of chronic hepatitis MW, YH Grade 4 hepatitis viral AE a hepatitis viral AE that has decompensated liver function (e.g., ascites, coagulopathy, encephalopathy, coma) CTCAE: E11413 MW, YH Grade 2 ileus AE MW, YH an ileus AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; bowel rest indicated CTCAE: E10813 Grade 3 ileus AE an ileus AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated CTCAE: E10814 MW, YH Grade 1 infusion related reaction AE an infusion related reaction AE that has mild transient reaction; infusion interruption not indicated; intervention not indicated CTCAE: E11128 MW, YH Grade 2 infusion related reaction AE an infusion related reaction AE where therapy or infusion interruption indicated but responds promptly to symptomatic treatment (e.g., antihistamines, NSAIDS, narcotics, IV fluids); prophylactic medications indicated for less than or equal to 24 hrs MW, YH CTCAE: E11129 Grade 3 infusion related reaction AE MW, YH an infusion related reaction AE that is prolonged (e.g., not rapidly responsive to symptomatic medication and/or brief interruption of infusion); recurrence of symptoms following initial improvement; hospitalization indicated for clinical sequelae CTCAE: E11130 Grade 2 infusion site extravasation AE an infusion site extravasation AE that has erythema with associated symptoms (e.g., edema, pain, induration, phlebitis) MW, YH CTCAE: E11134 Grade 3 infusion site extravasation AE CTCAE: E11135 MW, YH an infusion site extravasation AE that has ulceration or necrosis; severe tissue damage; operative intervention indicated Grade 1 irritability AE an irritability AE that has mild; easily consolable MW, YH CTCAE: E11145 Grade 2 irritability AE an irritability AE that has moderate; limiting instrumental activities of daily living; increased attention indicated CTCAE: E11146 MW, YH Grade 3 irritability AE MW, YH an irritability AE that has severe abnormal or excessive response; limiting self care activities of daily living; inconsolable CTCAE: E11147 Grade 3 left venticular systolic dysfuction AE CTCAE: E10131 a left ventricular dysfunction AE that has symptomatic due to drop in ejection fraction responsive to intervention MW, YH Grade 4 left ventricular systolic dysfuction AE MW, YH a left ventricular dysfunction AE chracterized as refractory or poorly controlled heart failure due to drop in ejection fraction; intervention such as ventricular assist device, intravenous vasopressor support, or heart transplant indicated CTCAE: E10132 Grade 1 lipase increased AE a lipase increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal - 1.5 times upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12186 MW, YH Grade 2 lipase increased AE MW, YH a lipase increased AE that is greater than 1.5 - 2.0 times upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12187 Grade 3 lipase increased AE a lipase increased AE that is greater than 2.0 - 5.0 times upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12188 MW, YH Grade 4 lipase increased AE a lipase increased AE that is greater than 5.0 times upper limit of normal MW, YH CTCAE: E12189 Grade 1 localized edema AE a localized edema AE that has localized to dependent areas, no disability or functional impairment MW, YH CTCAE: E11149 Grade 2 lung infection AE MW, YH a lung infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) CTCAE: E11445 Grade 3 lung infection AE MW, YH a lung infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11446 Grade 1 lymphocyte count decreased AE a lymphocyte count decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal - 800/mm3; less than the lower limit of normal - 0.8 x 10e9 /L CTCAE: E12191 MW, YH Grade 2 lymphocyte count decreased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12192 a lymphocyte count decreased AE that is less than 800 - 500/mm3; less than 0.8 - 0.5 x 10e9 /L Grade 3 lymphocyte count decreased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12193 a lymphocyte count decreased AE that is less than 500 - 200/mm3; less than 0.5 - 0.2 x 10e9 /L Grade 4 lymphocyte count decreased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12194 a lymphocyte count decreased AE that is less than 200/mm3; less than 0.2 x 10e9 /L Grade 1 myocarditis AE a myocarditis AE that has asymptomatic with laboratory (e.g., BNP [B-Natriuretic Peptide ]) or cardiac imaging abnormalities MW, YH CTCAE: E10158 Grade 2 myocarditis AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10159 a myocarditis AE that has symptoms with mild to moderate activity or exertion Grade 3 myocarditis AE CTCAE: E10160 a myocarditis AE that has severe with symptoms at rest or with minimal activity or exertion; intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 4 myocarditis AE MW, YH a myocarditis AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., continuous IV therapy or mechanical hemodynamic support) CTCAE: E10161 Grade 1 neutrophil count decreased AE CTCAE: E12199 a neutrophil count decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal - 1500/mm3; less than the lower limit of normal - 1.5 x 10e9 /L MW, YH Grade 2 neutrophil count decreased AE CTCAE: E12200 MW, YH a neutrophil count decreased AE that is less than 1500 - 1000/mm3; less than 1.5 - 1.0 x 10e9 /L Grade 3 neutrophil count decreased AE MW, YH a neutrophil count decreased AE that is less than 1000 - 500/mm3; less than 1.0 - 0.5 x 10e9 /L CTCAE: E12201 Grade 4 neutrophil count decreased AE CTCAE: E12202 a neutrophil count decreased AE that is less than 500/mm3; less than 0.5 x 10e9 /L MW, YH Grade 2 esophageal stenosis AE MW, YH an esophageal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10672 Grade 3 esophageal stenosis AE CTCAE: E10673 MW, YH an esophageal stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding; hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated Grade 2 esophagitis AE CTCAE: E10689 MW, YH an esophagitis AE that is symptomatic; altered eating/swallowing; oral supplements indicated Grade 3 esophagitis AE CTCAE: E10690 an esophagitis AE that has severely altered eating/swallowing; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated MW, YH Grade 2 oral cavity fistula AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10890 an oral cavity fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function Grade 3 oral cavity fistula AE an oral cavity fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10891 Grade 2 papilledema AE a papilloedema AE that has a symptomatic decline in vision; visual field defect present sparing the central 20 degrees CTCAE: E10413 MW, YH Grade 3 papilledema AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10414 a papilloedema AE that has a marked visual field defect (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200) Grade 4 papilledema AE a papilloedema AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye CTCAE: E10415 MW, YH Grade 2 pericardial effusion AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10173 a pericardial effusion AE that has asymptomatic effusion size small to moderate Grade 3 pericardial effusion AE CTCAE: E10174 a pericardial effusion AE that has effusion with physiologic consequences MW, YH Grade 2 portal hypertension AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11239 a portal hypertension AE that has decreased portal vein flow Grade 3 portal hypertension AE CTCAE: E11240 a portal hypertension AE that has reversal/retrograde portal vein flow; associated with varices and/or ascites MW, YH Grade 1 dermatitis radiation AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11676 a dermatitis radiation AE that has faint erythema or dry desquamation Grade 2 dermatitis radiation AE MW, YH a dermatitis radiation AE that has moderate to brisk erythema; patchy moist desquamation, mostly confined to skin folds and creases; moderate edema CTCAE: E11677 Grade 3 dermatitis radiation AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11678 a dermatitis radiation AE that has moist desquamation in areas other than skin folds and creases; bleeding induced by minor trauma or abrasion Grade 4 dermatitis radiation AE CTCAE: E11679 MW, YH a dermatitis radiation AE that has life-threatening consequences; skin necrosis or ulceration of full thickness dermis; spontaneous bleeding from involved site; skin graft indicated Grade 3 rectal hemorrhage AE a rectal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10958 Grade 1 skin infection AE CTCAE: E11569 MW, YH a skin infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated Grade 2 skin infection AE a skin infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) CTCAE: E11570 MW, YH Grade 3 skin infection AE a skin infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11571 Grade 2 small intestinal obstruction AE CTCAE: E11023 MW, YH a small intestinal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living Grade 2 small intestinal stenosis AE MW, YH a small intestinal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E11034 Grade 3 small intestinal stenosis AE CTCAE: E11035 a small intestinal stenosis AE that is symptomatic and severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; non-emergent operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 soft tissue infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11580 a soft tissue infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) Grade 3 soft tissue infection AE a soft tissue infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11581 MW, YH Grade 3 gastric hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E10709 MW, YH a gastric hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 2 tracheitis AE a tracheitis AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) MW, YH CTCAE: E11600 Grade 3 tracheitis AE a tracheitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11601 MW, YH Grade 3 upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11065 an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 urine output decreased AE a urine output decreased AE that has oliguria (less than 80 ml in 8 hr) CTCAE: E12218 MW, YH Grade 4 urine output decreased AE MW, YH a urine output decreased AE that has anuria (less than 240 ml in 24 hr) CTCAE: E12219 Grade 2 vaginal infection AE CTCAE: E11625 MW, YH a vaginal infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) Grade 3 vaginal infection AE MW, YH a vaginal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11626 Grade 2 venous injury AE CTCAE: E12053 MW, YH a venous injury AE that is symptomatic (e.g., claudication); repair or revision not indicated Grade 3 venous injury AE a venous injury AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care activities of daily living; repair or revision indicated; disabling MW, YH CTCAE: E12054 Grade 4 venous injury AE CTCAE: E12055 MW, YH a venous injury AE that has life-threatening consequences; evidence of end organ damage; urgent operative intervention indicated Grade 1 weight increased AE CTCAE: E12225 a weight increased AE that is 5 - less than 10% from baseline MW, YH Grade 2 weight increased AE a weight increased AE that is 10 - less than 20% from baseline CTCAE: E12226 MW, YH Grade 3 weight increased AE CTCAE: E12227 a weight increased AE that is greater than or equal to 20% from baseline MW, YH Grade 3 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrom AE CTCAE: E10247 MW, YH a wolff-parkinson-white syndrome AE that is symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically or controlled with procedure Grade 1 wound complication AE CTCAE: E12058 a wound complication AE that has incisional separation of less than or equal to 25% of wound, no deeper than superficial fascia MW, YH Grade 2 wound complication AE MW, YH a wound complication AE that has incisional separation greater than 25% of wound; local care indicated CTCAE: E12059 Grade 3 wound complication AE a wound complication AE that has hernia without evidence of strangulation; fascial disruption/dehiscence; primary wound closure or revision by operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E12060 MW, YH Grade 4 wound complication AE MW, YH a wound complication AE that has hernia with evidence of strangulation; major reconstruction flap, grafting, resection, or amputation indicated CTCAE: E12061 Grade 1 wound dehiscence AE CTCAE: E12064 MW, YH a wound dehiscence AE that has incisional separation of less than or equal to 25% of wound, no deeper than superficial fascia Grade 2 wound dehiscence AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12065 a wound dehiscence AE that has incisional separation greater than 25% of wound with local care; asymptomatic hernia or symptomatic hernia without evidence of strangulation Grade 3 wound dehiscence AE CTCAE: E12066 a wound dehiscence AE that has fascial disruption or dehiscence without evisceration; primary wound closure or revision by operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 4 wound dehiscence AE MW, YH a wound dehiscence AE that has life-threatening consequences; symptomatic hernia with evidence of strangulation; fascial disruption with evisceration; major reconstruction flap, grafting, resection, or amputation indicated CTCAE: E12067 Grade 3 multi-organ failure AE a multi-organ failure AE chracterized by shock with azotemia and acid-base disturbances; significant coagulation abnormalities CTCAE: E11156 MW, YH Grade 4 multi-organ failure AE CTCAE: E11157 a multi-organ failure AE that has life-threatening consequences (e.g., vasopressor dependent and oliguric or anuric or ischemic colitis or lactic acidosis) MW, YH Grade 3 restrictive cardiomyopathy AE MW, YH a restrictive cardiomyopathy AE that has symptomatic heart failure or other cardiac symptoms, responsive to intervention CTCAE: E10193 Grade 4 restrictive cardiomyopathy AE a restrictive cardiomyopathy AE that has refractory heart failure or other poorly controlled cardiac symptoms MW, YH CTCAE: E10194 Grade 3 atrioventricular block complete AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10095 a complete atrioventricular block AE that has symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device (e.g., pacemaker) Grade 3 Mobitz type I block AE CTCAE: E10149 MW, YH a Mobitz type I block AE that has symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device (e.g., pacemaker) Grade 3 Mobitz type II atrioventricular block AE MW, YH a Mobitz type II block AE that has symptomatic and incompletely controlled medically, or controlled with device (e.g., pacemaker) CTCAE: E10143 Grade 1 hemoglobin level increased AE a hemoglobin level increased AE where the increase is greater than 0 - 2 gm/dL above upper limit of normal or above baseline if baseline is above upper limit of normal MW, YH CTCAE: E12172 Grade 2 hemoglobin level increased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12173 a hemoglobin level increased AE where the increase is greater than 2 - 4 gm/dL above the upper limit of normal or above baseline if baseline is above upper limit of normal Grade 3 hemoglobin level increased AE CTCAE: E12174 MW, YH a hemoglobin level increased AE where the increase is greater than 4 gm/dL above the upper limit of normal or above baseline if baseline is above upper limit of normal Grade 1 right ventricular dysfuction AE MW, YH a right ventricular dysfunction AE that has asymptomatic with laboratory (e.g., BNP [B-Natriuretic Peptide ]) or cardiac imaging abnormalities CTCAE: E10197 Grade 2 right ventricular dysfuction AE CTCAE: E10198 a right ventricular dysfunction AE that has symptoms with mild to moderate activity or exertion MW, YH Grade 3 right ventricular dysfuction AE CTCAE: E10199 a right ventricular dysfunction AE that has severe symptoms, associated with hypoxemia, right heart failure; oxygen indicated MW, YH Grade 4 right ventricular dysfunction AE a right ventricular dysfunction AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., ventricular assist device); heart transplant indicated CTCAE: E10200 MW, YH Grade 3 intraoperative hemorrhage AE a Intraoperative hemorrhage AE where postoperative radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11811 Grade 2 uveitis AE MW, YH an uveitis AE that has anterior uveitis; medical intervention indicated CTCAE: E10444 Grade 3 uveitis AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10445 an uveitis AE that has posterior or pan-uveitis Grade 4 uveitis AE CTCAE: E10446 MW, YH an uveitis AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye Grade 2 retinopathy AE a retinopathy AE that is symptomatic with moderate decrease in visual acuity (20/40 or better); limiting instrumental activities of daily living CTCAE: E10434 MW, YH Grade 3 retinopathy AE a retinopathy AE that is symptomatic with marked decrease in visual acuity (worse than 20/40); disabling; limiting self care activities of daily living CTCAE: E10435 MW, YH Grade 4 retinopathy AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10436 a retinopathy AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye Grade 1 hearing loss AE CTCAE: E10277 MW, YH a hearing loss AE for adults enrolled on a Monitoring Program (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): Threshold shift of 15 - 25 dB averaged at 2 contiguous test frequencies in at least one ear. Adults not enrolled in Monitoring Program: subjective change in hearing in the absence of documented hearing loss. Pediatric (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): Threshold shift greater than20 dB at 8 kHz in at least one ear. Grade 2 hearing loss AE a hearing loss AE for adults enrolled in Monitoring Program (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): Threshold shift of greater than25 dB averaged at 2 contiguous test frequencies in at least one ear. Adults not enrolled in Monitoring Program: hearing loss but hearing aid or intervention not indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living. Pediatric (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): Threshold shift greater than20 dB at 4 kHz and above in at least one ear. CTCAE: E10278 MW, YH Grade 3 hearing loss AE CTCAE: E10279 MW, YH a hearing loss AE for adults enrolled in Monitoring Program (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): Threshold shift of greater than25 dB averaged at 3 contiguous test frequencies in at least one ear; therapeutic intervention indicated. Adults not enrolled in Monitoring Program: hearing loss with hearing aid or intervention indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living. Pediatric (on a 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 kHz audiogram): hearing loss sufficient to indicate therapeutic intervention, including hearing aids; threshold shift greater than20 dB at 3 kHz and above in at least one ear; additional speech-language related services indicated. Grade 4 hearing loss AE CTCAE: E10280 a hearing loss AE for adults: Decrease in hearing to profound bilateral loss (absolute threshold greater than80 dB HL at 2 kHz and above); non-servicable hearing. Pediatric: Audiologic indication for cochlear implant and additional speech-language related services indicated. MW, YH Grade 1 international normalized ratio increased AE CTCAE: E12176 MW, YH a international normalized ratio increased AE that is greater than 1 - 1.5 times the upper limit of normal; greater than 1 - 1.5 times above baseline if on anticoagulation Grade 2 international normalized ratio increased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12177 a international normalized ratio increased AE that is greater than 1.5 - 2.5 times the upper limit of normal; greater than 1.5 - 2.5 times above baseline if on anticoagulation Grade 3 international normalized ratio increased AE a international normalized ratio increased AE that is greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal; greater than 2.5 times above baseline if on anticoagulation MW, YH CTCAE: E12178 Grade 1 fecal incontinence AE a fecal incontinence AE that has occasional use of pads required MW, YH CTCAE: E10694 Grade 2 fecal incontinence AE a fecal incontinence AE that has daily use of pads required CTCAE: E10695 MW, YH Grade 3 fecal incontinence AE CTCAE: E10696 MW, YH a fecal incontinence AE that has severe symptoms; elective operative intervention indicated Grade 1 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE a thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE that has evidence of RBC destruction (schistocytosis) without clinical consequences CTCAE: E10062 MW, YH Grade 3 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE MW, YH a thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE charaterized by laboratory findings with clinical consequences (e.g., renal insufficiency, petechiae) CTCAE: E10063 Grade 4 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE MW, YH a thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura AE that has life-threatening consequences, (e.g., CNS hemorrhage or thrombosis/embolism or renal failure) CTCAE: E10064 Grade 1 glaucoma AE a glaucoma AE that has elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP) with single topical agent for intervention; no visual field deficit CTCAE: E10393 MW, YH Grade 2 glaucoma AE MW, YH a glaucoma AE that has elevated intraocular pressure causing early visual field deficits; multiple topical or oral agents indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living CTCAE: E10394 Grade 3 glaucoma AE MW, YH a glaucoma AE that has elevated intraocular pressure causing marked visual field deficits (e.g., involving both superior and inferior visual fields); operative intervention indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living CTCAE: E10395 Grade 4 glaucoma AE a glaucoma AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye CTCAE: E10396 MW, YH Grade 3 anaphylaxis AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11255 an anaphylaxis AE that has symptomatic bronchospasm, with or without urticaria; parenteral intervention indicated; allergy-related edema/angioedema; hypotension Grade 2 retinal detachment AE a retinal detachment AE that has exudative and visual acuity 20/40 or better MW, YH CTCAE: E10422 Grade 3 retinal detachment AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10423 a retinal detachment AE that has rhegmatogenous or exudative detachment; operative intervention indicated; decline in vision (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200) Grade 4 retinal detachment AE a retinal detachment AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye CTCAE: E10424 MW, YH Grade 1 hemolysis AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10038 a hemolysis AE that has laboratory evidence of hemolysis only (e.g., direct antiglobulin test; DAT; Coombs'; schistocytes; decreased haptoglobin) Grade 2 hemolysis AE a hemolysis AE that has evidence of hemolysis and greater than or equal to 2 gm decrease in hemoglobin. MW, YH CTCAE: E10039 Grade 3 hemolysis AE MW, YH a hemolysis AE where transfusion or medical intervention is indicated (e.g., steroids) CTCAE: E10040 Grade 2 anal fistula AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10466 an anal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function Grade 3 anal fistula AE MW, YH an anal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E10467 Grade 3 atrial tachycardia AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10169 an atrial tachycardia AE where IV medication is indicated Grade 4 atrial tachycardia AE CTCAE: E10170 an atrial tachycardia AE that has life-threatening consequences; incompletely controlled medically; cardioversion indicated MW, YH Grade 3 cholecystitis AE MW, YH a cholecystitis AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11186 Grade 1 autoimmune disorder AE an autoimmune disorder AE that is asymptomatic; serologic or other evidence of autoimmune reaction, with normal organ function; intervention not indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11259 Grade 2 autoimmune disorder AE an autoimmune disorder AE that has evidence of autoimmune reaction involving a non-essential organ or function (e.g., hypothyroidism) MW, YH CTCAE: E11260 Grade 3 autoimmune disorder AE CTCAE: E11261 an autoimmune disorder AE that has autoimmune reactions involving major organ (e.g., colitis, anemia, myocarditis, kidney) MW, YH Grade 1 spleen disorder AE a spleen disorder AE that has incidental findings (e.g., Howell-Jolly bodies); mild degree of thrombocytosis and leukocytosis CTCAE: E10057 MW, YH Grade 2 spleen disorder AE CTCAE: E10058 a spleen disorder AE when prophylactic antibiotics are indicated MW, YH Grade 2 burn AE CTCAE: E11671 a burn AE that requires medical intervention; minimal debridement indicated MW, YH Grade 3 burn AE CTCAE: E11672 a burn AE that requires moderate to major debridement or reconstruction indicated MW, YH Grade 1 papulopustular rash AE MW, YH a papulopustular rash AE that has papules and/or pustules covering less than 10% body surface area which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness CTCAE: E11492 Grade 2 papulopustular rash AE CTCAE: E11493 a papulopustular rash AE that has papules and/or pustules covering 10-30% body surface area, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness; associated with psychosocial impact; limiting instrumental activities of daily living MW, YH Grade 3 papulopustular rash AE MW, YH a papulopustular rash AE that has papules and/or pustules covering greater than 30% body surface area, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness; limiting self-care activities of daily living; associated with local superinfection with oral antibiotics indicated CTCAE: E11494 Grade 4 papulopustular rash AE a papulopustular rash AE that has papules and/or pustules covering any % body surface area, which may or may not be associated with symptoms of pruritus or tenderness and are associated with extensive superinfection with IV antibiotics indicated; life-threatening consequences CTCAE: E11495 MW, YH Grade 2 acute coronary syndrome AE CTCAE: E10067 MW, YH an acute coronary syndrome AE that has symptomatic, progressive angina; cardiac enzymes normal; hemodynamically stable Grade 3 acute coronary syndrome AE an acute coronary syndrome AE that has symptomatic, unstable angina and/or acute myocardial infarction, cardiac enzymes abnormal, hemodynamically stable CTCAE: E10068 MW, YH Grade 4 acute coronary syndrome AE CTCAE: E10069 an acute coronary syndrome AE that has symptomatic, unstable angina and/or acute myocardial infarction, cardiac enzymes abnormal, hemodynamically unstable MW, YH Grade 1 aortic valve disease AE an aortic valve disease AE that has asymptomatic valvular thickening with or without mild valvular regurgitation or stenosis by imaging CTCAE: E10072 MW, YH Grade 2 aortic valve disease AE an aortic valve disease AE that has symptomatic; moderate regurgitation or stenosis by imaging MW, YH CTCAE: E10073 Grade 3 aortic valve disease AE CTCAE: E10074 an aortic valve disease AE that has symptomatic; severe regurgitation or stenosis by imaging; symptoms controlled with medical intervention MW, YH Grade 4 aortic valve disease AE CTCAE: E10075 MW, YH an aortic valve disease AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., valve replacement, valvuloplasty) Grade 1 asystole AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10078 an asystole AE that has periods of asystole; non-urgent medical management indicated Grade 3 constrictive pericarditis AE a constrictive pericarditis AE that has symptomatic heart failure or other cardiac symptoms, responsive to intervention MW, YH CTCAE: E10121 Grade 4 constrictive pericarditis AE CTCAE: E10122 MW, YH a constrictive pericarditis AE that has refractory heart failure or other poorly controlled cardiac symptoms Grade 1 mitral valve disease AE a mitral valve disease AE that has asymptomatic valvular thickening with or without mild valvular regurgitation or stenosis by imaging CTCAE: E10135 MW, YH Grade 2 mitral valve disease AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10136 a mitral valve disease AE that has asymptomatic; moderate regurgitation or stenosis by imaging Grade 3 mitral valve disease AE a mitral valve disease AE that has symptomatic; severe regurgitation or stenosis by imaging; symptoms controlled with medical intervention MW, YH CTCAE: E10137 Grade 4 mitral valve disease AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10138 a mitral valve disease AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., valve replacement, valvuloplasty) Grade 1 pulmonary valve disease AE a pulmonary valve disease AE that has asymptomatic valvular thickening with or without mild valvular regurgitation or stenosis by imaging MW, YH CTCAE: E10187 Grade 2 pulmonary valve disease AE MW, YH a pulmonary valve disease AE that has asymptomatic; moderate regurgitation or stenosis by imaging CTCAE: E10188 Grade 3 pulmonary valve disease AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10189 a pulmonary valve disease AE that has symptomatic; severe regurgitation or stenosis by imaging; symptoms controlled with medical intervention Grade 4 pulmonary valve disease AE CTCAE: E10190 MW, YH a pulmonary valve disease AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., valve replacement, valvuloplasty) Grade 1 tricuspid valve disease AE a tricuspid valve disease AE that has asymptomatic valvular thickening with or without mild valvular regurgitation or stenosis MW, YH CTCAE: E10225 Grade 2 tricuspid valve disease AE a tricuspid valve disease AE that is asymptomatic; moderate regurgitation or stenosis by imaging MW, YH CTCAE: E10226 Grade 3 tricuspid valve disease AE a tricuspid valve disease AE that is symptomatic; severe regurgitation or stenosis; symptoms controlled with medical intervention CTCAE: E10227 MW, YH Grade 4 tricuspid valve disease AE CTCAE: E10228 MW, YH a tricuspid valve disease AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., valve replacement, valvuloplasty) Grade 1 external ear inflammation AE CTCAE: E10267 an external ear inflammation AE that has external otitis with erythema or dry desquamation MW, YH Grade 2 external ear inflammation AE an external ear inflammation AE that has external otitis with moist desquamation, edema, enhanced cerumen or discharge; tympanic membrane perforation; tympanostomy MW, YH CTCAE: E10268 Grade 3 external ear inflammation AE an external ear inflammation AE that has external otitis with mastoiditis; stenosis or osteomyelitis; necrosis of soft tissue or bone MW, YH CTCAE: E10269 Grade 4 external ear inflammation AE an external ear inflammation AE where urgent operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10270 Grade 1 middle ear inflammation AE CTCAE: E10282 MW, YH a middle ear inflammation AE that has serous otitis Grade 2 middle ear inflammation AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10283 a middle ear inflammation AE that has serous otitis, medical intervention indicated Grade 3 middle ear inflammation AE MW, YH a middle ear inflammation AE that has mastoiditis; necrosis of canal soft tissue or bone CTCAE: E10284 Grade 2 delayed puberty AE CTCAE: E10309 a delayed puberty AE that has no breast development by age 13 yrs for females; testes volume of <3 cc or no Tanner Stage 2 development by age 14.5 yrs for males MW, YH Grade 3 delayed puberty AE a delayed puberty AE that has no breast development by age 14 yrs for females; no increase in testes volume or no Tanner Stage 2 by age 16 yrs for males; hormone replacement indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10310 Grade 2 growth accelerated AE CTCAE: E10318 a growth accelerated AE that has greater than or equal to +2 SD (standard deviation) above mid parental height or target height MW, YH Grade 1 precocious puberty AE MW, YH a precocious puberty AE that has physical signs of puberty with no biochemical markers for females younger than 8 years and males younger than 9 years CTCAE: E10341 Grade 2 precocious puberty AE CTCAE: E10342 a precocious puberty AE that has physical signs and biochemical markers of puberty for females younger than 8 years and males younger than 9 years MW, YH Grade 3 corneal ulcer AE MW, YH a corneal ulcer AE that has limiting self care activities of daily living declining vision (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200) CTCAE: E10361 Grade 4 corneal ulcer AE CTCAE: E10362 MW, YH a corneal ulcer AE that has perforation or blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye Grade 1 dry eye AE MW, YH a dry eye AE that is asymptomatic; clinical or diagnostic observations only; mild symptoms relieved by lubricants CTCAE: E10364 Grade 3 dry eye AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10366 a dry eye AE that has a decrease in visual acuity (<20/40); limiting self care activities of daily living Grade 3 keratitis AE CTCAE: E10399 MW, YH a keratitis AE that has a decline in vision (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200); limiting self care activities of daily living Grade 4 keratitis AE MW, YH a keratitis AE that has perforation or blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye CTCAE: E10400 Grade 4 night blindness AE a night blindness AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye CTCAE: E10405 MW, YH Grade 2 optic nerve disorder AE MW, YH an optic nerve disorder AE that has limiting vision of the affected eye (20/40 or better) CTCAE: E10408 Grade 3 optic nerve disorder AE an optic nerve disorder AE that has limiting vision in the affected eye (worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200) CTCAE: E10409 MW, YH Grade 4 optic nerve disorder AE MW, YH an optic nerve disorder AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye CTCAE: E10410 Grade 2 retinal tear AE a retinal tear AE where laser therapy or pneumopexy indicated CTCAE: E10426 MW, YH Grade 3 retinal tear AE a retinal tear AE where vitroretinal surgical repair indicated CTCAE: E10427 MW, YH Grade 4 retinal tear AE CTCAE: E10428 a retinal tear AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye MW, YH Grade 2 retinal vascular disorder AE MW, YH a retinal vascular disorder AE where topical medication indicated CTCAE: E10430 Grade 3 retinal vascular disorder AE a retinal vascular disorder AE where intravitreal medication; operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10431 Grade 2 scleral disorder AE MW, YH a scleral disorder AE that is symptomatic, limiting instrumental activities of daily living; moderate decrease in visual acuity (20/40 or better) CTCAE: E10439 Grade 3 scleral disorder AE MW, YH a scleral disorder AE that is symptomatic, limiting self care activities of daily living; marked decrease in visual acuity (worse than 20/40) CTCAE: E10440 Grade 4 scleral disorder AE CTCAE: E10441 a scleral disorder AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye MW, YH Grade 3 vitreous hemorrhage AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10450 a vitreous hemorrhage AE that has limiting self care activities of daily living; vitrectomy indicated Grade 4 vitreous hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E10451 a vitreous hemorrhage AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) in the affected eye MW, YH Grade 3 anal necrosis AE MW, YH an anal necrosis AE where TPN or hospitalization indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E10483 Grade 2 anal stenosis AE CTCAE: E10492 an anal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function MW, YH Grade 3 anal stenosis AE an anal stenosis AE that is symptomatic and severely altered GI function; non-emergent operative intervention indicated; TPN or hospitalization indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10493 Grade 1 bloating AE a bloating AE that has no change in bowel function or oral intake CTCAE: E10509 MW, YH Grade 2 bloating AE MW, YH a bloating AE that is symptomatic, decreased oral intake; change in bowel function CTCAE: E10510 Grade 2 cecal hemorrhage AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10513 a cecal hemorrhage AE that has moderate symptoms; medical intervention or minor cauterization indicated Grade 3 cecal hemorrhage AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10514 a cecal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 2 colonic fistula AE CTCAE: E10529 a colonic fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function MW, YH Grade 3 colonic fistula AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10530 a colonic fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; bowel rest, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 colonic hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E10536 a colonic hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 colonic obstruction AE CTCAE: E10541 a colonic obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function MW, YH Grade 2 colonic ulcer AE a colonic ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function MW, YH CTCAE: E10558 Grade 3 colonic ulcer AE CTCAE: E10559 a colonic ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; disabling MW, YH Grade 2 duodenal fistula AE a duodenal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function MW, YH CTCAE: E10584 Grade 3 duodenal fistula AE a duodenal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10585 Grade 3 duodenal hemorrhage AE a duodenal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10591 Grade 2 duodenal obstruction AE a duodenal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10596 MW, YH Grade 2 duodenal stenosis AE MW, YH a duodenal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10607 Grade 3 duodenal stenosis AE CTCAE: E10608 a duodenal stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding; hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 esophageal fistula AE an esophageal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10641 MW, YH Grade 3 esophageal fistula AE an esophageal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10642 Grade 3 esophageal hemorrhage AE MW, YH an esophageal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E10648 Grade 3 esophageal necrosis AE an esophageal necrosis AE that has inability to aliment adequately by GI tract; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10652 Grade 2 esophageal obstruction AE MW, YH an esophageal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living CTCAE: E10657 Grade 2 esophageal ulcer AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10678 an esophageal ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living Grade 3 esophageal ulcer AE an esophageal ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling CTCAE: E10679 MW, YH Grade 3 esophageal varices hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E10684 an esophageal varices hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 gastric fistula AE CTCAE: E10702 a gastric fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function MW, YH Grade 3 gastric fistula AE a gastric fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; bowel rest; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10703 Grade 3 gastric necrosis AE a gastric necrosis AE that has inability to aliment adequately by GI tract; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E10713 MW, YH Grade 2 gastric stenosis AE MW, YH a gastric stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10723 Grade 3 gastric stenosis AE CTCAE: E10724 a gastric stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding; hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 gastrointestinal fistula AE a gastrointestinal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10751 MW, YH Grade 3 gastrointestinal fistula AE MW, YH a gastrointestinal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated CTCAE: E10752 Grade 1 gastroparesis AE a gastroparesis AE that has mild nausea, early satiety and bloating, able to maintain caloric intake on regular diet CTCAE: E10760 MW, YH Grade 2 gastroparesis AE MW, YH a gastroparesis AE that has moderate symptoms; able to maintain nutrition with dietary and lifestyle modifications; may need pharmacologic intervention CTCAE: E10761 Grade 3 gastroparesis AE CTCAE: E10762 a gastroparesis AE that has weight loss; refractory to medical intervention; unable to maintain nutrition orally MW, YH Grade 2 ileal fistula AE an ileal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function MW, YH CTCAE: E10779 Grade 3 ileal fistula AE CTCAE: E10780 an ileal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 3 ileal hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E10786 MW, YH an ileal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 2 ileal obstruction AE MW, YH an ileal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living CTCAE: E10791 Grade 2 ileal stenosis AE an ileal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10802 MW, YH Grade 3 ileal stenosis AE CTCAE: E10803 an ileal stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 ileal ulcer AE CTCAE: E10808 an ileal ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function MW, YH Grade 3 ileal ulcer AE MW, YH an ileal ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; disabling CTCAE: E10809 Grade 3 intra-abdominal hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E10819 an intra-abdominal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 jejunal fistula AE MW, YH a jejunal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10824 Grade 3 jejunal fistula AE CTCAE: E10825 a jejunal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 3 jejunal hemorrhage AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10831 ajejunal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 2 jejunal obstruction AE CTCAE: E10836 a jejunal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living MW, YH Grade 2 jejunal stenosis AE MW, YH a jejunal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10847 Grade 3 jejunal stenosis AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10848 a jejunal stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated Grade 2 jejunal ulcer AE a jejunal ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10853 MW, YH Grade 3 jejunal ulcer AE CTCAE: E10854 a jejunal ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; disabling MW, YH Grade 3 lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E10864 a lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 malabsorption AE MW, YH a malabsorption AE where altered diet; oral intervention indicated CTCAE: E10868 Grade 3 malabsorption AE CTCAE: E10869 a malabsorption AE that has inability to aliment adequately; TPN indicated MW, YH Grade 2 obstruction gastric AE an obstruction gastric AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living MW, YH CTCAE: E10884 Grade 3 oral hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E10901 an oral hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 pancreatic duct stenosis AE CTCAE: E10910 MW, YH a pancreatic duct stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function Grade 3 pancreatic duct stenosis AE a pancreatic duct stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E10911 MW, YH Grade 2 pancreatic fistula AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10916 a pancreatic fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function Grade 3 pancreatic fistula AE MW, YH a pancreatic fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding or TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E10917 Grade 3 pancreatic hemorrhage AE MW, YH a pancreatic hemorrhage AE where transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E10923 Grade 3 pancreatic necrosis AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10927 a pancreatic necrosis AE where tube feeding or TPN indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated Grade 3 peritoneal necrosis AE a peritoneal necrosis AE where tube feeding or TPN indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E10940 Grade 1 proctitis AE CTCAE: E10944 MW, YH a proctitis AE that has rectal discomfort, intervention not indicated Grade 2 proctitis AE CTCAE: E10945 a proctitis AE that has symptoms (e.g., rectal discomfort, passing blood or mucus); medical intervention indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living MW, YH Grade 3 proctitis AE MW, YH a proctitis AE that has severe symptoms; fecal urgency or stool incontinence; limiting self care activities of daily living CTCAE: E10946 Grade 2 rectal fistula AE a rectal fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10951 MW, YH Grade 3 rectal fistula AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10952 a rectal fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated Grade 2 rectal obstruction AE MW, YH a rectal obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; limiting instrumental activities of daily living CTCAE: E10973 Grade 2 rectal stenosis AE MW, YH a rectal stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function CTCAE: E10988 Grade 3 rectal stenosis AE MW, YH a rectal stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E10989 Grade 2 rectal ulcer AE CTCAE: E10994 a rectal ulcer AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function (e.g. altered dietary habits, vomiting, diarrhea) MW, YH Grade 3 rectal ulcer AE MW, YH CTCAE: E10995 a rectal ulcer AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; disabling Grade 3 retroperitoneal hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E11000 a retroperitoneal hemorrhage AE where transfusion, medical, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 salivary gland fistula AE MW, YH a salivary gland fistula AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; tube feeding indicated CTCAE: E11011 Grade 3 salivary gland fistula AE CTCAE: E11012 a salivary gland fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 1 tooth discoloration AE MW, YH a tooth discoloration AE that has surface stains CTCAE: E11053 Grade 1 edema limbs AE an edema limbs AE that has 5 - 10% inter-limb discrepancy in volume or circumference at point of greatest visible difference; swelling or obscuration of anatomic architecture on close inspection CTCAE: E11087 MW, YH Grade 2 edema limbs AE an edema limbs AE that has more than 10 to 30% inter-limb discrepancy in volume or circumference at point of greatest visible difference; readily apparent obscuration of anatomic architecture; obliteration of skin folds; readily apparent deviation from normal anatomic contour; limiting instrumental activities of daily living MW, YH CTCAE: E11088 Grade 3 edema limbs AE CTCAE: E11089 MW, YH an edema limbs AE that has more than 30% inter-limb discrepancy in volume; gross deviation from normal anatomic contour; limiting self care activities of daily living Grade 1 edema trunk AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11091 an edema trunk AE that has swelling or obscuration of anatomic architecture on close inspection Grade 2 edema trunk AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11092 an edema trunk AE that has readily apparent obscuration of anatomic architecture; obliteration of skin folds; readily apparent deviation from normal anatomic contour; limiting instrumental activities of daily living Grade 3 edema trunk AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11093 an edema trunk AE that has gross deviation from normal anatomic contour; limiting self care activities of daily living Grade 2 neck edema AE A neck edema AE that has moderate neck edema; slight obliteration of anatomic landmarks; limiting instrumental activities of daily living MW, YH CTCAE: E11161 Grade 3 neck edema AE CTCAE: E11162 a neck edema AE that has generalized neck edema (e.g., difficulty in turning neck); limiting self care activities of daily living MW, YH Grade 2 bile duct stenosis AE MW, YH a bile duct stenosis AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; IV fluids indicated <24 hrs CTCAE: E11175 Grade 3 bile duct stenosis AE CTCAE: E11176 MW, YH a bile duct stenosis AE that has severely altered GI function; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 biliary fistula AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11181 a biliary fistula AE that has severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; endoscopic intervention indicated; elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 gallbladder fistula AE a gallbladder fistula AE that is symptomatic or severely altered GI function; TPN indicated; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11192 Grade 2 gallbladder obstruction AE CTCAE: E11200 a gallbladder obstruction AE that is symptomatic; altered GI function; IV fluids indicated <24 hrs MW, YH Grade 3 gallbladder obstruction AE a gallbladder obstruction AE that is symptomatic and severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; non-emergent operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11201 MW, YH Grade 3 hepatic hemorrhage AE a hepatic hemorrhage AE where transfusion indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11218 Grade 3 perforation bile duct AE MW, YH a perforation bile duct AE where radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11235 Grade 3 abdominal infection AE an abdominal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11283 Grade 1 anorectal infection AE MW, YH an anorectal infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated CTCAE: E11287 Grade 2 anorectal infection AE CTCAE: E11288 an anorectal infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) MW, YH Grade 3 anorectal infection AE MW, YH an anorectal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11289 Grade 3 appendicitis AE an appendicitis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11293 Grade 3 arteritis infective AE CTCAE: E11302 MW, YH an arteritis infective AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 3 biliary tract infection AE MW, YH a biliary tract infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11306 Grade 2 bladder infection AE CTCAE: E11310 MW, YH a bladder infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) Grade 3 bladder infection AE CTCAE: E11311 a bladder infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 3 bone infection AE a bone infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11315 Grade 2 bronchial infection AE MW, YH a bronchial infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) CTCAE: E11324 Grade 3 bronchial infection AE a bronchial infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11325 MW, YH Grade 3 cecal infection AE CTCAE: E11334 a cecal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 cervicitis infection AE CTCAE: E11338 MW, YH a cervicitis infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) Grade 3 cervicitis infection AE MW, YH a cervicitis infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11339 Grade 2 conjunctivitis infective AE a conjunctivitis infective AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11343 MW, YH Grade 3 conjunctivitis infective AE a conjunctivitis infective AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11344 MW, YH Grade 2 corneal infection AE CTCAE: E11348 a corneal infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) MW, YH Grade 3 corneal infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11349 a corneal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 3 cranial nerve infection AE a cranial nerve infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11353 MW, YH Grade 2 duodenal infection AE CTCAE: E11361 a duodenal infection AE that has moderate symptoms; medical intervention indicated (e.g., oral antibiotics) MW, YH Grade 3 duodenal infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11362 a duodenal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 3 encephalitis infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11366 an encephalitis infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; severe changes in mental status; self-limited seizure activity; focal neurologic abnormalities Grade 3 encephalomyelitis infection AE MW, YH an encephalomyelitis infection AE when IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11370 Grade 3 endocarditis infective AE an endocarditis infective AE when IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11374 Grade 4 endophthalmitis AE CTCAE: E11380 an endophthalmitis AE that has blindness (20/200 or worse) MW, YH Grade 2 enterocolitis infectious AE MW, YH an enterocolitis infectious AE that has the passage of more than 3 unformed stools per 24 hrs or duration of illness longer than 48 hrs; moderate abdominal pain CTCAE: E11382 Grade 3 enterocolitis infectious AE CTCAE: E11383 an enterocolitis infectious AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated; profuse watery diarrhea with signs of hypovolemia; bloody diarrhea; fever; severe abdominal pain; hospitalization indicated MW, YH Grade 2 esophageal infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11387 an esophageal infection AE where local intervention indicated (e.g., oral antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) Grade 3 esophageal infection AE MW, YH an esophageal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11388 Grade 2 eye infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11392 an eye infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) Grade 3 eye infection AE an eye infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11393 MW, YH Grade 4 eye infection AE MW, YH an eye infection AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated; enucleation CTCAE: E11394 Grade 3 gallbladder infection AE a gallbladder infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11397 Grade 1 gum infection AE MW, YH a gum infection AE where local therapy indicated (swish and swallow) CTCAE: E11401 Grade 2 gum infection AE MW, YH a gum infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) CTCAE: E11402 Grade 3 gum infection AE a gum infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11403 MW, YH Grade 3 hepatic infection AE CTCAE: E11407 MW, YH a hepatic infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 2 infective myositis AE MW, YH a infective myositis AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11422 Grade 3 infective myositis AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11423 a infective myositis AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 2 joint infection AE a joint infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral); needle aspiration indicated (single or multiple) CTCAE: E11427 MW, YH Grade 3 joint infection AE MW, YH a joint infection AE where arthroscopic intervention indicated (e.g., drainage) or arthrotomy (e.g., open surgical drainage) CTCAE: E11428 Grade 3 kidney infection AE a kidney infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11432 MW, YH Grade 1 lip infection AE a lip infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11441 Grade 2 lip infection AE a lip infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) CTCAE: E11442 MW, YH Grade 3 lip infection AE CTCAE: E11443 a lip infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 lymph gland infection AE MW, YH a lymph gland infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11450 Grade 3 lymph gland infection AE CTCAE: E11451 a lymph gland infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 3 mediastinal infection AE MW, YH a mediastinal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11455 Grade 1 mucosal infection AE CTCAE: E11463 MW, YH a mucosal infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated Grade 2 mucosal infection AE a mucosal infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) MW, YH CTCAE: E11464 Grade 3 mucosal infection AE a mucosal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11465 MW, YH Grade 1 nail infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11469 a nail infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated Grade 2 nail infection AE a nail infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) CTCAE: E11470 MW, YH Grade 3 nail infection AE a nail infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11471 Grade 2 otitis externa AE CTCAE: E11473 an otitis externa AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) MW, YH Grade 3 otitis externa AE an otitis externa AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11474 MW, YH Grade 2 ovarian infection AE MW, YH an ovarian infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11483 Grade 3 ovarian infection AE an ovarian infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11484 MW, YH Grade 3 pancreas infection AE MW, YH a pancreas infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11488 Grade 1 paronychia AE a paronychia AE that has nail fold edema or erythema; disruption of the cuticle CTCAE: E11498 MW, YH Grade 2 paronychia AE CTCAE: E11499 a paronychia AE where localized intervention indicated; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral); nail fold edema or erythema with pain; associated with discharge or nail plate separation; limiting instrumental activities of daily living MW, YH Grade 3 paronychia AE a paronychia AE where surgical intervention or IV antibiotics indicated; limiting self care activities of daily living CTCAE: E11500 MW, YH Grade 2 pelvic infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11502 a pelvic infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) Grade 3 pelvic infection AE a pelvic infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11503 MW, YH Grade 2 penile infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11507 a penile infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) Grade 3 penile infection AE CTCAE: E11508 a penile infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 periorbital infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11512 a periorbital infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) Grade 3 periorbital infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11513 a periorbital infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 2 peripheral nerve infection AE a peripheral nerve infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) MW, YH CTCAE: E11517 Grade 3 peripheral nerve infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11518 a peripheral nerve infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 3 peritoneal infection AE CTCAE: E11522 MW, YH a peritoneal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated Grade 2 phlebitis infective AE MW, YH a phlebitis infective AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11531 Grade 3 phlebitis infective AE a phlebitis infective AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11532 MW, YH Grade 2 pleural infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11536 a pleural infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) Grade 3 pleural infection AE a pleural infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11537 Grade 2 prostate infection AE CTCAE: E11541 MW, YH a prostate infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) Grade 3 prostate infection AE CTCAE: E11542 a prostate infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 rhinitis infective AE MW, YH a rhinitis infective AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11549 Grade 2 salivary gland infection AE a salivary gland infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) MW, YH CTCAE: E11551 Grade 3 salivary gland infection AE CTCAE: E11552 MW, YH a salivary gland infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 2 scrotal infection AE CTCAE: E11556 MW, YH a scrotal infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) Grade 3 scrotal infection AE a scrotal infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11557 MW, YH Grade 2 small intestine infection AE a small intestine infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) MW, YH CTCAE: E11575 Grade 3 small intestine infection AE a small intestine infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11576 MW, YH Grade 3 splenic infection AE CTCAE: E11585 MW, YH a splenic infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 1 stoma site infection AE CTCAE: E11589 a stoma site infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 stoma site infection AE a stoma site infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) CTCAE: E11590 MW, YH Grade 3 stoma site infection AE a stoma site infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11591 MW, YH Grade 2 tooth infection AE MW, YH a tooth infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11595 Grade 3 tooth infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11596 a tooth infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 2 upper respiratory infection AE an upper respiratory infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) CTCAE: E11605 MW, YH Grade 3 upper respiratory infection AE CTCAE: E11606 an upper respiratory infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 urethral infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11610 a urethral infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) Grade 3 urethral infection AE a urethral infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11611 Grade 2 uterine infection AE MW, YH a uterine infection AE that has moderate symptoms; oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) CTCAE: E11620 Grade 3 uterine infection AE a uterine infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11621 Grade 1 vulval infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11630 a vulval infection AE that is localized, local intervention indicated Grade 2 vulval infection AE A vulval infection AE where oral intervention indicated (e.g., antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral) MW, YH CTCAE: E11631 Grade 3 vulval infection AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11632 a vulval infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated Grade 2 wound infection AE a wound infection AE that is localized; local intervention indicated (e.g., topical antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral) CTCAE: E11636 MW, YH Grade 3 wound infection AE a wound infection AE where IV antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral intervention indicated; radiologic or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11637 MW, YH Grade 1 ankle fracture AE an ankle fracture AE that is mild; non-surgical intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11641 Grade 2 ankle fracture AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11642 an ankle fracture AE that is limiting instrumental activities of daily living; operative intervention indicated Grade 3 ankle fracture AE an ankle fracture AE that is limiting self care activities of daily living; elective surgery indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11643 Grade 3 aortic injury AE an aortic injury AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling; repair or revision indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11645 Grade 4 aortic injury AE an aortic injury AE that has life-threatening consequences; evidence of end organ damage; urgent operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11646 Grade 2 arterial injury AE CTCAE: E11650 an arterial injury AE that is symptomatic (e.g., claudication); repair or revision not indicated MW, YH Grade 3 arterial injury AE an arterial injury AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling; repair or revision indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11651 Grade 4 arterial injury AE an arterial injury AE that has life-threatening consequences; evidence of end organ damage; urgent operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11652 Grade 3 biliary anastomotic leak AE CTCAE: E11657 MW, YH a biliary anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 bladder anastomotic leak AE a bladder anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11663 Grade 3 esophageal anastomotic leak AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11684 an esophageal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 fallopian tube anastomotic leak AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11694 a fallopian tube anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 4 fallopian tube perforation AE MW, YH a fallopian tube perforation AE that has life-threatening consequences; urgent operative intervention indicated (e.g., organ resection) CTCAE: E11701 Grade 3 gastric anastomotic leak AE CTCAE: E11712 MW, YH a gastric anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 gastrointestinal anastomotic leak CTCAE: E11718 a gastrointestinal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 gastrointestinal stoma necrosis MW, YH a gastrointestinal stoma necrosis AE that is a superficial necrosis; intervention not indicated CTCAE: E11722 Grade 2 hip fracture AE CTCAE: E11727 MW, YH a hip fracture AE that has a hairline fracture; mild pain; limiting instrumental activities of daily living; non-surgical intervention indicated Grade 3 hip fracture AE MW, YH a hip fracture AE that has severe pain; hospitalization or intervention indicated for pain control (e.g., traction); operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11728 Grade 4 hip fracture AE CTCAE: E11729 a hip fracture AE that has life-threatening consequences; symptoms associated with neurovascular compromise MW, YH Grade 3 injury to carotid artery AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11731 an injury to carotid artery AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care activities of daily living (e.g., transient cerebral ischemia); repair or revision indicated Grade 3 injury to jugular vein AE CTCAE: E11738 an injury to jugular vein AE that is symptomatic limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling; repair or revision indicated MW, YH Grade 3 injury to superior vena cava AE CTCAE: E11744 MW, YH an injury to superior vena cava AE that has severe symptoms; limiting self care activities of daily living; disabling; repair or revision indicated Grade 4 injury to superior vena cava AE a injury to superior vena cava AE that has life-threatening consequences; evidence of end organ damage; urgent operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11745 Grade 3 intestinal stoma leak AE MW, YH an intestinal stoma leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11756 Grade 3 intestinal stoma leak AE an intestinal stoma leak AE that has severe symptoms; IV fluids, tube feeding, or TPN indicated greater than or equal to 24 hrs; elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11761 Grade 1 intestinal stoma site bleeding AE an intestinal stoma site bleeding AE that has minimal bleeding identified on clinical exam; intervention not indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11765 Grade 3 intestinal stoma site bleeding AE an intestinal stoma site bleeding AE that has severe bleeding; transfusion indicated; radiologic or endoscopic intervention indicated CTCAE: E11767 MW, YH Grade 1 intraoperative arterial injury AE an intraoperative arterial injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated CTCAE: E11771 MW, YH Grade 2 intraoperative arterial injury AE MW, YH an intraoperative arterial injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated CTCAE: E11772 Grade 3 intraoperative arterial injury AE MW, YH an intraoperative arterial injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling CTCAE: E11773 Grade 1 intraoperative breast injury AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11777 an intraoperative breast injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 2 intraoperative breast injury AE an intraoperative breast injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11778 Grade 3 intraoperative breast injury AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11779 an intraoperative breast injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling Grade 3 intraoperative cardiac injury AE an intraoperative cardiac injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11783 Grade 1 intraoperative ear injury AE CTCAE: E11787 MW, YH an intraoperative ear injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 2 intraoperative ear injury AE CTCAE: E11788 MW, YH an intraoperative ear injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 3 intraoperative ear injury AE an intraoperative ear injury AE where complete resection of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling (e.g., impaired hearing; impaired balance) MW, YH CTCAE: E11789 Grade 1 intraoperative endocrine injury AE an intraoperative endocrine injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11793 Grade 2 intraoperative endocrine injury AE an intraoperative endocrine injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated CTCAE: E11794 MW, YH Grade 3 intraoperative endocrine injury AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11795 an intraoperative endocrine injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling Grade 1 intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11799 an intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 2 intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11800 an intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 3 intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE CTCAE: E11801 MW, YH an intraoperative gastrointestinal injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling Grade 1 lintraoperative head and neck injury AE CTCAE: E11805 a lintraoperative head and neck injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH Grade 2 lintraoperative head and neck injury AE a lintraoperative head and neck injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11806 Grade 3 lintraoperative head and neck injury AE CTCAE: E11807 a lintraoperative head and neck injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling MW, YH Grade 1 intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE an intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11815 Grade 2 intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE CTCAE: E11816 an intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH Grade 3 intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11817 an intraoperative hepatobiliary injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling Grade 1 intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11821 an intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 2 intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE CTCAE: E11822 MW, YH an intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 3 intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE an intraoperative musculoskeletal injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling CTCAE: E11823 MW, YH Grade 1 intraoperative neurological injury AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11827 an intraoperative neurological injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 2 intraoperative neurological injury AE an intraoperative neurological injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated CTCAE: E11828 MW, YH Grade 3 intraoperative neurological injury AE CTCAE: E11829 an intraoperative neurological injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling MW, YH Grade 1 intraoperative ocular injury AE an intraoperative ocular injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11833 Grade 2 intraoperative ocular injury AE an intraoperative ocular injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated CTCAE: E11834 MW, YH Grade 3 intraoperative ocular injury AE CTCAE: E11835 an intraoperative ocular injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling MW, YH Grade 1 intraoperative renal injury AE CTCAE: E11839 MW, YH an intraoperative renal injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 2 intraoperative renal injury AE an intraoperative renal injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11840 Grade 3 intraoperative renal injury AE an intraoperative renal injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling CTCAE: E11841 MW, YH Grade 1 intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE an intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11845 Grade 2 intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE an intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated CTCAE: E11846 MW, YH Grade 3 intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE MW, YH an intraoperative reproductive tract injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling CTCAE: E11847 Grade 1 intraoperative respiratory injury AE an intraoperative respiratory injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated CTCAE: E11851 MW, YH Grade 2 intraoperative respiratory injury AE CTCAE: E11852 MW, YH an intraoperative respiratory injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 3 intraoperative respiratory injury AE CTCAE: E11853 MW, YH an intraoperative respiratory injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling Grade 1 intraoperative skin injury AE an intraoperative skin injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated CTCAE: E11857 MW, YH Grade 2 intraoperative skin injury AE CTCAE: E11858 an intraoperative skin injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH Grade 3 intraoperative skin injury AE CTCAE: E11859 MW, YH an intraoperative skin injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling Grade 2 intraoperative splenic injury AE CTCAE: E11863 MW, YH an intraoperative splenic injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 3 intraoperative splenic injury AE an intraoperative splenic injury AE where resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling MW, YH CTCAE: E11864 Grade 1 intraoperative urinary injury AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11868 an intraoperative urinary injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 2 intraoperative urinary injury AE CTCAE: E11869 MW, YH an intraoperative urinary injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated Grade 3 intraoperative urinary injury AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11870 an intraoperative urinary injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling Grade 1 intraoperative venous injury AE an intraoperative venous injury AE where primary repair of injured organ/structure indicated CTCAE: E11874 MW, YH Grade 2 intraoperative venous injury AE CTCAE: E11875 an intraoperative venous injury AE where partial resection of injured organ/structure indicated MW, YH Grade 3 intraoperative venous injury AE an intraoperative venous injury AE where complete resection or reconstruction of injured organ/structure indicated; disabling MW, YH CTCAE: E11876 Grade 3 kidney anastomotic leak AE CTCAE: E11882 a kidney anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 3 large intestinal anastomotic leak AE CTCAE: E11888 a large intestinal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 3 pancreatic anastomotic leak AE a pancreatic anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11894 MW, YH Grade 3 pharyngeal anastomotic leak AE a pharyngeal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11900 Grade 2 postoperative hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E11905 a postoperative hemorrhage AE that has moderate bleeding; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 3 postoperative hemorrhage AE MW, YH a postoperative hemorrhage AE where transfusion indicated of greather than or equal to 2 units (10 cc/kg for pediatrics) pRBCs beyond protocol specification; urgent radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11906 Grade 2 postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE a postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE when the patient is extubated within 24 - 72 hrs postoperatively MW, YH CTCAE: E11910 Grade 3 postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11911 a postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE when the patient is extubated more than 72 hrs postoperatively, but before tracheostomy indicated Grade 3 postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE CTCAE: E11912 MW, YH a postoperative thoracic procedure complication AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation) Grade 1 prolapse of intestinal stoma AE a prolapse of intestinal stoma AE that is asymptomatic; reducible MW, YH CTCAE: E11915 Grade 2 prolapse of intestinal stoma AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11916 a prolapse of intestinal stoma AE that is recurrent after manual reduction; local irritation or stool leakage; difficulty to fit appliance; limiting instrumental activities of daily living Grade 2 prolapse of urostomy AE a prolapse of urostomy AE treated with local care or maintenance; minor revision indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11922 Grade 3 prolapse of urostomy AE CTCAE: E11923 a prolapse of urostomy AE that has dysfunctional stoma; elective operative intervention or major stomal revision indicated MW, YH Grade 1 radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE CTCAE: E11927 a radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE that has faint erythema or dry desquamation MW, YH Grade 2 radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11928 a radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE that has moderate to brisk erythema; patchy moist desquamation, mostly confined to skin folds and creases; moderate edema Grade 3 radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE CTCAE: E11929 MW, YH a radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE that has moist desquamation in areas other than skin folds and creases; bleeding induced by minor trauma or abrasion Grade 4 radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE CTCAE: E11930 a radiation recall reaction (dermatologic) AE that has life-threatening consequences; skin necrosis or ulceration of full thickness dermis; spontaneous bleeding from involved site; skin graft indicated MW, YH Grade 3 rectal anastomotic leak AE CTCAE: E11935 a rectal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 seroma AE a seroma AE that is symptomatic; simple aspiration indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11940 Grade 3 seroma AE CTCAE: E11941 a seroma AE that is symptomatic, elective radiologic or operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 3 small intestinal anastomotic leak AE CTCAE: E11945 a small intestinal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 3 spermatic cord anastomotic leak AE MW, YH a spermatic cord anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E11951 Grade 1 spinal fracture AE a spinal fracture AE that has mild back pain; nonprescription analgesics indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11955 Grade 2 spinal fracture AE CTCAE: E11956 MW, YH a spinal fracture AE that has moderate back pain; prescription analgesics indicated; limiting instrumental activities of daily living Grade 3 spinal fracture AE a spinal fracture AE that has severe back pain; hospitalization or intervention indicated for pain control (e.g., vertebroplasty); limiting self care activities of daily living; disability MW, YH CTCAE: E11957 Grade 4 spinal fracture AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11958 a spinal fracture AE that has life-threatening consequences; symptoms associated with neurovascular compromise Grade 2 stenosis of gastrointestinal stoma AE a stenosis of gastrointestinal stoma AE that is symptomatic; IV fluids indicated <24 hrs; manual dilation at bedside MW, YH CTCAE: E11961 Grade 3 stenosis of gastrointestinal stoma AE CTCAE: E11962 MW, YH a stenosis of gastrointestinal stoma AE that has severely altered GI function; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated; elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 tracheal hemorrhage AE CTCAE: E11972 a tracheal hemorrhage AE that has severe bleeding; transfusion indicated; radiologic or endoscopic intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 1 tracheal obstruction AE MW, YH CTCAE: E11976 a tracheal obstruction AE that has partial asymptomatic obstruction on examination (e.g., visual, radiologic or endoscopic) Grade 2 tracheal obstruction AE CTCAE: E11977 MW, YH a tracheal obstruction AE that is symptomatic (e.g., noisy airway breathing), no respiratory distress; medical intervention indicated (e.g., steroids); limiting instrumental activities of daily living Grade 3 tracheal obstruction AE CTCAE: E11978 MW, YH a tracheal obstruction AE that has stridor; radiologic or endoscopic intervention indicated (e.g., stent, laser); limiting self care activities of daily living Grade 4 tracheal obstruction AE CTCAE: E11979 a tracheal obstruction AE that has life-threatening airway compromise; urgent intervention indicated (e.g., tracheotomy or intubation) MW, YH Grade 3 tracheostomy site bleeding AE a tracheostomy site bleeding AE that has severe bleeding; transfusion indicated; radiologic or endoscopic intervention indicated CTCAE: E11984 MW, YH Grade 3 ureteric anastomotic leak AE an ureteric anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E11990 Grade 3 urethral anastomotic leak CTCAE: E11996 MW, YH an urethral anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 urostomy leak AE MW, YH a urostomy leak AESevere symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E12002 Grade 2 urostomy obstruction AE a urostomy obstruction AE that is symptomatic; dilation or endoscopic repair or stent placement indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E12007 Grade 3 urostomy site bleeding AE MW, YH a urostomy site bleeding AE that has severe bleeding; transfusion indicated; radiologic or endoscopic intervention indicated CTCAE: E12014 Grade 2 urostomy stenosis AE a urostomy stenosis AE that is symptomatic but no hydronephrosis, no sepsis or no renal dysfunction; dilation or endoscopic repair or stent placement indicated CTCAE: E12018 MW, YH Grade 3 urostomy stenosis AE MW, YH a urostomy stenosis AE that is symptomatic (e.g., hydronephrosis, or renal dysfunction); elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E12019 Grade 3 uterine anastomotic leak AE a uterine anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated CTCAE: E12025 MW, YH Grade 3 vaginal anastomotic leak AE CTCAE: E12037 MW, YH a vaginal anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated Grade 3 vas deferens anastomotic leak AE CTCAE: E12043 a vas deferens anastomotic leak AE that has severe symptoms; radiologic, endoscopic or elective operative intervention indicated MW, YH Grade 2 vascular access complication AE CTCAE: E12047 MW, YH a vascular access complication AE that has device dislodgement, blockage, leak, or malposition; device replacement indicated Grade 3 vascular access complication AE MW, YH A vascular access complication AE that has deep vein or cardiac thrombosis; intervention indicated (e.g., anticoagulation, lysis, filter, invasive procedure) CTCAE: E12048 Grade 4 vascular access complication AE a vascular access complication AE that has embolic event including pulmonary embolism or life-threatening thrombus CTCAE: E12049 MW, YH Grade 3 blood antidiuretic hormone abnormal AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12095 a blood antidiuretic hormone abnormal AE where hospitalization indicated Grade 3 blood corticotrophin decreased AE a blood corticotrophin decreased AE where hospitalization indicated CTCAE: E12104 MW, YH Grade 1 carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE MW, YH a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE that is 3 - 5 units below lower limit of normal; for follow-up, a decrease of 3 - 5 units (ml/min/mm Hg) below the baseline value CTCAE: E12113 Grade 2 carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE that is 6 - 8 units below lower limit of normal; for follow-up, an asymptomatic decrease of greater than 5 - 8 units (ml/min/mm Hg) below the baseline value CTCAE: E12114 MW, YH Grade 3 carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE CTCAE: E12115 MW, YH a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity decreased AE that is an asymptomatic decrease of greater than 8 units drop; greater than 5 units drop along with the presence of pulmonary symptoms (e.g. , greater than Grade 2 hypoxia or greater than Grade 2 or higher dyspnea) Grade 1 cardiac troponin I increased AE a cardiac troponin I increased AE that has levels above the upper limit of normal and below the level of myocardial infarction as defined by the manufacturer CTCAE: E12117 MW, YH Grade 3 cardiac troponin I increased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12118 a cardiac troponin I increased AE that has levels consistent with myocardial infarction as defined by the manufacturer Grade 1 cardiac troponin T increased AE a cardiac troponin T increased AE that has levels above the upper limit of normal and below the level of myocardial infarction as defined by the manufacturer CTCAE: E12120 MW, YH Grade 3 cardiac troponin T increased AE MW, YH a cardiac troponin T increased AE that has levels consistent with myocardial infarction as defined by the manufacturer CTCAE: E12121 Grade 1 CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE MW, YH a CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal to 500/mm3 or 0.5 x 10e9 /L CTCAE: E12123 Grade 2 CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE CTCAE: E12124 MW, YH a CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE that is less than 500 - 200/mm3; less than 0.5 - 0.2 x 10e9 /L Grade 3 CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE MW, YH a CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE that is less than 200 - 50/mm3; less than 0.2 x 0.05 - 10e9 /L CTCAE: E12125 Grade 4 CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE CTCAE: E12126 MW, YH a CD4 lymphocytes decreased AE that is less than 50/mm3; less than 0.05 x 10e9 /L Grade 1 CPK increased AE MW, YH a CPK increased AE that is greater than the upper limit of normal to 2.5 times the upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12133 Grade 2 CPK increased AE CTCAE: E12134 a CPK increased AE that is greater than 2.5 -5 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH Grade 3 CPK increased AE CTCAE: E12135 a CPK increased AE that is greater than 5 to 10 times the upper limit of normal MW, YH Grade 4 CPK increased AE a CPK increased AE that is greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal CTCAE: E12136 MW, YH Grade 1 fibrinogen decreased AE a fibrinogen decreased AE that is less than 1.0 - 0.75 times the lower limit of normal or less than 25% decrease from baseline MW, YH CTCAE: E12152 Grade 2 fibrinogen decreased AE MW, YH a fibrinogen decreased AE that is less than 0.75 - 0.5 times the lower limit of normal or 25 - less than 50% decrease from baseline CTCAE: E12153 Grade 3 fibrinogen decreased AE a fibrinogen decreased AE that is less than 0.5 - 0.25 times the lower limit of normal or 50 - less than 75% decrease from baseline CTCAE: E12154 MW, YH Grade 4 fibrinogen decreased AE MW, YH a fibrinogen decreased AE that is less than 0.25 times the lower limit of normal or 75% decrease from baseline or absolute value less than 50 mg/dL CTCAE: E12155 Grade 1 haptoglobin decreased AE a haptoglobin decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal MW, YH CTCAE: E12170 Grade 1 pancreatic enzymes decreased AE CTCAE: E12204 a pancreatic enzymes decreased AE that is less than the lower limit of normal and asymptomatic MW, YH Grade 2 pancreatic enzymes decreased AE a pancreatic enzymes decreased AE that has an increase in stool frequency, bulk, or odor; steatorrhea MW, YH CTCAE: E12205 Grade 3 pancreatic enzymes decreased AE MW, YH CTCAE: E12206 a pancreatic enzymes decreased AE that has sequelae of absorption deficiency Grade 1 vital capacity abnormal AE CTCAE: E12221 MW, YH a vital capacity abnormal AE that has 90 - 75% of predicted value Grade 2 vital capacity abnormal AE CTCAE: E12222 MW, YH a vital capacity abnormal AE that is less than 75 - 50% of predicted value; limiting instrumental activities of daily living Grade 3 vital capacity abnormal AE a vital capacity abnormal AE that is less than 50% of predicted value; limiting self care activities of daily living CTCAE: E12223 MW, YH eclampsia AE 10014129 a seizure AE that occurs in a pregnant women that follows a preeclampsia. Such a seizure is not related to an existing brain condition. WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000899.htm WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclampsia JS, YH acute gastric mucosal lesion AE 10000753 AGML AE WEB: http://medmantic.com/wiki/Acute_Gastric_Mucosal_Lesion 急性胃黏膜损害 a gastric disorder AE that shows the body under stress, causing acute erosion, bleeding and ulcers, stomach or duodenal mucosa damage collectively. The main clinical manifestations include upper gastrointestinal bleeding and a small perforation. QL, YH bowel sounds increased AE 10048720 QL, YH a bowel sounds abnormal AE that shows an increased amount of bowel sounds. hyperactive bowel sounds AE 肠鸣音亢进 UMLS CUI: C0232694 WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003137.htm bowel sounds decreased AE UMLS CUI: C0232695 hypoactive bowel sounds AE WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003137.htm QL, YH 肠鸣音减弱 a bowel sounds abnormal AE that shows a decreased amount of bowel sounds. bowel sounds abnormal AE WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003137.htm UMLS CUI: C0159060 肠鸣音异常 QL, YH a gastrointestinal disorder AE that shows an abnormal amount of bowel sounds. cessation of bowel sounds AE 肠鸣音停止 a bowel sounds abnormal AE that shows an cesssation of any bowel sounds. 肠鸣音消失 WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003137.htm UMLS CUI: C0857330 QL, YH migraine with aura AE 10027607 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-with-aura/basics/definition/con-20030404 a migraine AE which shows a migraine preceded or accompanied by sensory warning signs or symptoms, such as flashes of light, blind spots, or tingling in your hand or face. SJ, YH hyperacusia AE 10052526 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperacusis a hearing disorder AE with an abnormally disproportionate increase in the sensation of loudness in response to auditory stimuli of normal volume QL, YH 听觉过敏 lumbago AE a back pain AE that occurs at the low back WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_back_pain low back pain AE 腰痛 QL, YH 下背痛 monoplegia AE 10027926 a paralysis AE which occurs in a single limb, usually an arm WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoplegia SJ, YH motor dysfunction AE 10061296 a behavior and neurological AE which results in abnormal, disturbed or impaired functioning of a muscle, nerve, or center that affects or produces movement WEB: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/reference-entries/23076155/motor-dysfunction SJ, YH musculoskeletal discomfort AE 10053156 a discomfort AE that occurs at the musculoskeletal level and results in musculoskeletal pain that affects the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves WEB: http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_musculoskeletal_pain musculoskeletal pain AE SJ, YH musculoskeletal disorder AE 10048592 SJ, YH a musculoskeletal and connective tissue AE which results in a disease or abnormal condition of the musculoskeletal system oliguria AE 10030302 SJ, YH WEB: http://c.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/oliguria a urinary system AE which shows reduced excretion of urine procedural hypotension AE 10062300 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/low-blood-pressure/basics/definition/con-20032298 a hypotension AE that happens during a medical procedure SJ, YH esophagus AE YH, MW a digestive system AE that occurs at esophagus 食道副作用 anus AE a digestive system AE that occurs at anus YH, MW duodenum AE a digestive system AE that occurs at duodenum MW, YH kidney area percussion pain AE a pain AE that shows the pain in the kidney area identified by a percussion procedure. 肾区叩击痛 QL, YH URL http://howshealth.com/kidney-pain-location-causes-symptoms-treatment/#percussion physical examination 10071941 a medical procedure by which a medical professional investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease. QL, YH WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/annual-physical-examinations WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_examination percussion procedure 10051720 a physical test by which a surface is tapped to determine the underlying structure, and is used in clinical examinations to assess the condition of the thorax or abdomen. percussion test QL, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion_(medicine) cylindruria AE 10011730 10067534 管型尿 QL, YH a urine analysis result abnomal AE that shows cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cylindruria urinary casts present AE hepatitis A AE 10019719 hepatitis A AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_A JX, YH a hepatitis AE that resutls in a hepatitis A viral infection. fasciitis AE 10016228 筋膜炎 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciitis JX, YH a connective tissue disorder AE that shows an inflammation of the fascia, the connective tissue surrounding muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. fibrosis tendinous AE 10016662 A tendon disorder AE that led to the formation of fibrous tissue in the tendon area WEB: http://study.com/academy/lesson/fibrous-connective-tissue-function-types.html JX, YH myofascitis AE 10052443 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciitis JX, YH 肌筋膜炎 a fasciitis AE that shows an inflammation of the muscle fascia, the connective tissue surrounding muscles. visual disturbance AE 10047543 an eye disorder AE that causes visual disturbance and interfere with normal sight. WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/visual-disturbance JX, YH Grade 1 cognitive disturbance AE MW, YH a cognitive disturbance AE that has mild cognitive disability; not interfering with work/school/life performance; specialized educational services/devices not indicated CTCAE: E12618 Grade 2 cognitive disturbance AE a cognitive disturbance AE that has moderate cognitive disability; interfering with work/school/life performance but capable of independent living; specialized resources on part time basis indicated MW, YH CTCAE: E12619 Grade 3 cognitive disturbance AE MW, YH a cognitive disturbance AE that has severe cognitive disability; significant impairment of work/school/life performance CTCAE: E12620 abortion missed AE 10000230 JX, YH an abortion AE that results in a retention of dead products of conception in utero for more than 8 weeks. WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/missed+abortion eye edema AE 10052139 an edema AE that has an outcome of swelling in the eye. JX, YH oral discomfort AE 10030973 JX, YH Oral discomfort AE is a discomfort AE that shows an uncomfortable feeling in the oral. 口腔不适 ovarian cyst AE 10033132 a female reproductive system AE that has an outcome of the presence of a fluid-filled sac within a patient's ovary. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_cyst JX, YH placental disorder AE 10035132 JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placental_disease a female reproductive system AE that occurs in the placental area. central nervous system inflammation AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system_disease 中枢神经系统炎症 an inflammation AE that occurs at the central nervous system. JX, YH central nervous system lesion AE 10051290 a nervous system AE that has outcome of lesion in the area of central nervous system. JX, YH WEB: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/brain_lesions_lesions_on_the_brain/article_em.htm clumsiness AE 10009696 a behavioral and neurological AE is characterized by motor coordination problems with daily activities. WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/clumsiness JX, YH dysgraphia AE 10058319 JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgraphia a behavioral and neurological AE is a deficiency in the ability to write, primarily handwriting, but also coherence. formication AE 10017062 a sensory neuropathy AE than is the medical term for a sensation that exactly resembles that of small insects crawling on (or under) the skin. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formication JX, YH hemiparesis AE 10019465 a paresis AE that shows muscle weakness of the entire left or right side of the body. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiparesis JX, YH 轻偏瘫 immunoglobulin increased AE JX, YH WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/immunoglobulins an immunology and allergy investigation result abnormal AE that results in an increased level of an immunoglobulin. micturition disorder AE 10027561 a urinary system AE that shows abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE. JX, YH WEB: http://sideeffects.embl.de/se/C0042035/pt muscle contractions involuntary AE 10028293 JX, YH a muscle twitch AE that has an outcome of contractions involuntary of muscle. 肌肉不自觉收缩 myelopathy AE 10028570 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelopathy 脊髓病 a nervous system AE that describes any neurologic deficit related to the spinal cord. JX, YH optic neuritis retrobulbar AE 10030945 球后视神经炎 a optic neuritis AE that has outcome of optic neuritis in retrobulbar. JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuritis scotoma AE 10039729 暗点 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotoma a eye AE that is an area of partial alteration in the field of vision consisting of a partially diminished or entirely degenerated visual acuity that is surrounded by a field of normal – or relatively well-preserved – vision. JX, YH autoimmune thyroiditis AE 10049046 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_thyroiditis A thyroiditis AE where the body interprets the thyroid glands and its hormone products T3, T4 and TSH as threats, therefore producing special antibodies that target the thyroid’s cells, thereby destroying it. JX, YH 自我免疫性甲状腺炎 colitis ulcerative AE 10009900 ulcerative colitis AE 溃疡性结肠炎 JX, YH WEB: http://www.webmd.com/ibd-crohns-disease/ulcerative-colitis/ulcerative-colitis-topic-overview a colitis AE that is a disease that causes inflammation and sores (ulcers) in the lining of the large intestine. feces pale AE 10016102 an abnormal stool AE that shows pale or clay-colored stool. faeces pale AE WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/pale-stools 大便苍白 JX, YH lymphoma AE 10025310 JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoma 淋巴瘤 a tumor AE that is a group of blood cell tumors that develop from lymphatic cells. monoparesis AE 10027925 a paresis AE that affects a single limb, usually an arm. 单肢轻瘫 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoplegia JX, YH ophthalmoplegia AE 10030875 a eye AE that refers to weakness (-paresis) or paralysis (-plegia) of one or more extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmoparesis 眼肌麻痹 JX, YH pupils unequal AE 10037538 瞳孔不等 JX, YH WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003314.htm a eye AE that has outcome of slight differences in pupil size. quadriplegia AE 10037714 quadriplegia AE is paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso. Tetraplegia JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraplegia 四肢麻痹 pleocytosis AE 10035551 a CSF white blood cell count increased AE with more than the normal number of lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). JX, YH 脑脊液细胞增多 performance status decreased AE 10048919 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_status 体能下降 JX, YH a behavior and neurological AE that shows an decreased preformance skin mass AE 10067868 a skin AS that shows a mass at the skin. JX, YH skin tumor AE feces discolored AE 10016100 an abnormal stool AE that shows an abnomal color in the feces. faeces discoloured AE WEB: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/stool-colors-and-what-they-mean.html JX, YH ultrasound scan abnormal AE 10061606 JX, YH an investigation result abnormal AE that shows an abnormal ultrasound scan result. WEB: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ultrasound-scan/Pages/Introduction.aspx injection site discharge AE 10065600 JX, YH an injection site AE that shows some substance release from an injection site. axillary mass AE 10049021 JX, YH a tumor AE that has an outcome of the presense of a mass that arises from the axillary. 腋窝肿块 WEB: http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/axillary_mass.htm psychomotor retardation AE 10037213 motormental retardation AE psychomotor impairment AE JX, YH a behavioral and neurological AE that involves a slowing-down of thought and a reduction of physical movements in an individual. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychomotor_retardation 精神运动性阻滞 injection site abscess AE 10022044 an abscess AE that occurs at an injection-site. Note that an abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within a tissue of the body. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscess JX, YH injection site ulcer AE 10022105 JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer an ulcer AE that occurs at an injection-site. disseminated BCG infection AE 10069636 a viral infection AE that is caused by a disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin bacterial infection. disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection AE JX, YH tetraparesis AE JX, YH quadriparesis AE a paresis AE that shows a muscular weakness affecting all four extremities. WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=91062 hypomenorrhea AE 10021032 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypomenorrhea hypomenorrhoea AE 月经减少 QL, YH a menstrual disorder AE that shows an extremely light menstrual blood flow menorrhagia AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menorrhagia a menstrual disorder AE that shows a menstrual period with abnormally heavy flow and falls under the larger category of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) hypermenorrhea AE QL, YH necrospermia AE 10074729 MP: MP_0009325 QL, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrospermia a male reproductive system AE in which spermatozoa in seminal fluid are dead or motionless 死精 subfertility AE 10042391 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infertility JX, LW, YH MP: MP_0001921 a reproductive system AE that results in diminished ability to produce live offspring 生育能力下降 infertility AE 10021926 不孕不育 QL, YH WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/basics/definition/con-20034770 MP: MP_0001921 a reproductive system AE that results in an inability to conceive for at least one year after trying and having unprotected sex. low estrogen level AE 10015519 WEB: http://www.md-health.com/Low-Estrogen.html hypoestrogenism AE 性激素水平下降 estrogen deficiency AE QL, YH an endocrine investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by a lower than normal level of estrogen, the primary sex hormone in women WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoestrogenism dysfunctional uterine bleeding AE 10013908 QL, YH 功能性子宫出血 WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/257007-overview MESH: D008796 a hemorrhage AE that occurs at the uterus, but it is not related to menstruation. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional endometrium. testicular atrophy AE 10043298 睾丸萎缩 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_atrophy QL, YH a testicular disorder AE that has a loss of testicular volume pure red cell aplasia AE red-cell aplasia, pure PRCA AE QL, YH WEB: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/205695-overview MESH: D012010 an aplastic anemia AE that results in the suppression of erythropoiesis with little or no abnormality of leukocyte or platelet production. 纯红再障性贫血 paraplegia AE 10033892 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraplegia YH, JX a paralysis AE that shows an impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. allergic cutaneous vasculitis AE QL, YH WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000874.htm DO: DOID_11450 a cutaneous vasculitis AE that results in inflammation of small blood vessels, characterized clinically by palpable purpura, which is a slightly elevated purpuric rash over one or more areas of the kin. 皮肤变应性血管炎 melanoplakia AE SNOMEDCT: 84647002 a skin hyperpigmentation AE that shows the occurrence of pigmented patches on the tongue and buccal mucousmembranes. WEB: http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=53725 皮肤黑斑病 QL, YH erythema nodosum AE 10015226 结节性红斑 an erythema AE that showns an erythematous eruption characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral. Such a symptom is commonly associated with drug reactions or infection. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythema_nodosum erythemanodosum AE QL, YH HPO: HP_0012219 MeSH: D004893 tonic spasm AE QL, YH WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/tonic+spasm 强直性痉挛 a muscle spasm AE that occurs when the contraction of a spasm is sustained or continuing. Such a spasm is generally severe because is is often caused by diseases that affect the central nervous system or brain, such as tetanus, rabies, and cerebral palsy. polymenorrhea AE 10070501 月经频繁 a menstrual disorder AE that results in frequent menses amd the menstrual cycles lasting less than 21 days. HP: HP_0400007 QL, YH shortened menstrual period AE a menstrual disorder AE that shows an outcome of a shortened time of menstrual period 经期缩短 QL, YH short menstrual period AE WEB: http://www.everydayhealth.com/pms/short-periods.aspx prolonged menstrual period AE 经期延长 WEB: http://www.healthline.com/symptom/menstrual-irregularity QL, YH prolonged menstruation AE a menstrual disorder AE that shows an outcome of a prolonged duration of menstrual period neck stiffness AE 10028843 QL, YH musculoskeletal stiffness AE that occurs at the neck and is typically characterized by soreness and difficulty moving the neck, especially when trying to turn the head to the side. WEB: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/neck-pain/stiff-neck-causes-symptoms-and-treatment 颈项强直 stiffness of the neck AE stiff neck AE premature ovarian failure AE DO: DOID_5426 a female reproductive system AE that occurs at the ovaries where ovaries do not produce estrogen despite high levels of circulating gonadotropins in women under 40. WEB: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/prematureovarianfailure.html WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-ovarian-failure/basics/definition/con-20028351 primary ovarian insufficiency AE QL, YH 卵巢早衰 skin erosion AE 10040840 QL, YH HP: HP_0200041 a skin adverse event that has an outcome of a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting incomplete loss of the epidermis, a lesion that is moist, circumscribed, and usually depressed. arrest of hematopoiesis AE 造血功能障碍 QL, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoiesis a hematopoietic system AE that has an outcome of an arrest of the formation of blood cellular components. acute arrest of hematopoiesis AE an arrest of hematopoiesis AE that occurs quickly 急性造血功能障碍 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoiesis QL, YH scrotum ulcer AE SNOMEDCT: 9750001 QL, YH 阴囊破溃 an ulcer AE that occurs at the scrotum epidermolysis bullosa AE 10014989 WEB: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epidermolysis-bullosa/basics/definition/con-20032497 大疱性表皮坏死松解症 QL, YH a skin adverse event that inherited chronic noninflammatory skin disease manifested by vesicles, large bullae (blisters), and skin erosions which often result from trauma. epidermolysis bullosa type eruption AE uterine AE JX, YH a female reproductive system AE that occurs in the uterus WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus endometritis AE 10014791 MW, YH a reproduction system inflammation AE that occurs in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. 子宫内膜炎 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometritis female reproduction system inflammation AE YH, JX an inflammation AE which occurs in the female reproduction system placentitis AE 10014791 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta a reproduction system inflammation AE that occurs in the placenta. 胎盘炎 JX, YH dystocia AE a female reproductive system AE that occurs when the baby does not exit the pelvis during childbirth due to being physically blocked, even though the uterus is contracting normally. JX, YH obstructed labour AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructed_labour 难产 obstructed labor AE mycotic pneumonia AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_pneumonia 真菌性肺炎 JX, YH a pneumonia AE that is caused by a mycotic infection serositis AE 10058556 JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serositis an inflammation AE that refers to inflammation of the serous tissues of the body, the tissues lining the lungs (pleura), heart (pericardium), and the inner lining of the abdomen (peritoneum) and organs within. 浆膜炎 metritis AE 10066270 a female reproduction system inflammation AE that occurs in the wall of the uterus. 子宫炎 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metritis JX, YH purulent abscess AE JX, YH Note: based on the website: https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-purulent-abscess, it appears that the words purulent abscess are actually redundant. Purulent means pus. Abscess is a space or pocket in the body filled with pus. 化脓性脓肿 an abscess AE where the abscess is filled with pus. tetanus AE 10043376 破伤风 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus lockjaw AE JX, YH a clostridial infection AE that results in muscle spasms. rectal abscess AE 10048947 JX, YH a abscess AE that shows a collection of pus found near the rectum. 直肠脓肿 WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/anal-abscess acute brucellosis AE 急性布氏杆菌病 JX, YH a brucellosis AE that shows an acute disease stage. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis supraclavicular lymphadenopathy AE 锁骨上淋巴结病 a lymphadenopathy AE where the lymphadenopathy occurs in the supraclavicular lymph nodes. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphadenopathy JX, YH body ache AE a pain AE that shows a person with generalized aches and pains in multiple areas of the body. JX, YH WEB: http://www.everydayhealth.com/symptom-checker/body-aches 体痛 pyelonephritis AE 10037596 肾盂肾炎 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyelonephritis an inflammation AE that occurs in the kidney tissue, calyces, and renal pelvis. JX, YH brucellosis AE 布氏杆菌病 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis Crimean fever AE undulant fever AE Gibraltar fever AE a bacterial infection AE that is caused by the infection with Brucella, a Gram-negative bacterium. The infected animals can be human or a variety of mammal animals. rock fever AE Malta fever AE JX, YH Mediterranean fever AE Maltese fever AE Bang's disease AE parasitic infection AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_disease YH, JX an infection AE that is caused by a parasite. intestinal helminthiasis AE 肠道蠕虫病 a parasitic infection AE that is caused by a heminth, i.e., a parasitic worm, in the location of intestine. JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helminthiasis liver infiltration AE a liver AE that has an outcome of the diffusion or accumulation of substances in the liver. PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20806348 JX, YH 肝脏浸润 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiltration_(medical) lymphoplasmacytic epididymitis AE 淋巴浆细胞性附睾炎 JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epididymitis an epididymitis AE where the epidiymis is filled up with lymphocytes and plasma cells. WEB: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/lymphoplasmacytic epididymitis AE a testicular disorder AE that results in a discomfort or pain of the epidiymis, a curved structure at the back of the testicle in which sperm matures and is stored. JX, YH WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epididymitis disseminated histiocytic pneumonia AE 弥漫性组织细胞性肺炎 JX, YH PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17882900 a pneumonia AE that results in the dissemination of histiocytes in the lung. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis AE 淋巴浆细胞性心肌炎 a myocarditis AE where the heart muscle is filled with lymphocytes and plasma cells that are not normally seen. JX, YH WEB: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001204/ immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome AE 10065042 IRIS AE a syndrome AE in which the immune system begins to recover from an immunosuppression or AIDS, but then responds to a previously acquired opportunistic infection with an overwhelming inflammatory response that paradoxically makes the symptoms of infection worse. immune recovery syndrome AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_reconstitution_inflammatory_syndrome JX, YH role in cellular and molecular interaction a role that exists in a cellular and molecular interaction NDF-RT: N0000000223 YH bile acid diarrhoea AE 10069703 YH WEB: http://patient.info/health/bile-acid-malabsorptiondiarrhoea-leaflet bile acid malabsorption AE WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption WEB: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3002596/ a diarrhea AE that occurs when the bile acids are not reabsorbed into the bloodstream and enter the large bowel (colon), which causes abnormally high levels of water and salts in the large bowel and the formation of watery diarrhoea. nutritional disorder AE 营养失调 YH nutrition disorder AE WEB: http://www.who.int/topics/nutrition_disorders/en/ an adverse event that has an outcome of nutrition disorder, which can be caused by an insufficient intake of food or of certain nutrients, by an inability of the body to absorb and use nutrients, or by overconsumption of certain foods. malnutrition AE WEB: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000404.htm a nutrional disorder AE that has an outcome of malnutrition, a condition resulting from insufficient nutrients in the body. 营养不良 YH small intestinal bacterial overgrowth AE BLS AE a gastrointestinal disorder AE that has an outcome of the presence of very large numbers of bacteria growing in the small intestine WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_loop_syndrome WEB: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000222.htm small bowel bacterial overgrowth AE SIBO AE BOS AE bacterial overgrowth syndrome AE YH blind loop syndrome AE moon face AE YH an edema face AE where the face has gradually swollen into a rounded shape WEB: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/moon-facies activities of daily living impaired AE 10050954 ADL impaired AE a behavioral and neurological AE that has an outcome of impaired daily self care activities. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living KY, YH antibody test abnormal AE a hematology investigation result abnormal AE that is characterized by an abnomalty in the antibody level in the blood YH, KY antinuclear antibody positive AE YH, KY In most cases, a positive ANA test indicates that your immune system has launched a misdirected attack on your own tissue — in other words, an autoimmune reaction. But some people have positive ANA tests even when they're healthy. Ref: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ana-test/basics/definition/prc-20014566 ANA test abnormal AE URL: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ana-test/basics/definition/prc-20014566 an antibody test abnormal AE that shows positive antinuclear antibody, which often attack a person's own cell nucleus. autonomic nervous system imbalance AE 10003840 https://medlineplus.gov/autonomicnervoussystemdisorders.html#cat59 A nervous system AE which refers to an imbalance problem in the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions KY, YH CSF glucose increased AE 10050763 KY, YH https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSF_glucose A CSF test result abnormal AE with high glucose levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. CSF immunoglobulin increased AE 10064338 KY, YH A CSF test result abnormal AE with high immunoglobin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/multiplesclerosis/start/2/ facial palsy AE 10016060 KY, YH http://www.facialpalsy.org.uk/about-facial-palsy/what-is-facial-palsy/1395/ A palsy AE with temporary or permanent weakness of the facial muscles on one or both sides of the face. intervertebral disc degeneration AE 10061246 KY, YH https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16915105 A bone AE that refers to structural failure in a disc and advanced signs of aging. lumbar puncture abnormal AE 10025000 A behavioral and neurological test abnormal AE result that has an abnormal outcome in lumbar puncture involving pain or numbness to the legs, lower back pain, headaches, risk of infection, or risk of bleeding in the spinal canal. KY, YH http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/neurological/lumbar_puncture_lp_92,p07666/ palsy AE A paralysis AE accompanied by involuntary tremors. 麻痹 KY, YH WEB: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/palsy WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palsy neurological examination abnormal AE 10056832 KY, YH A behavioral and neurological test abnormal AE that involves an abnormal outcome in the series of simple questions and noninvasive tests in a neurological examination that provides crucial information about the nervous system. http://www.healthcommunities.com/brain-nerve-tests/what-is-a-neuro-exam.shtml paralysis flaccid AE 10033809 A paralysis AE characterized by extreme muscle weakness and loss of muscle tone. http://www.brainandspinalcord.org/flaccid-paralysis/ KY, YH 弛缓性麻痹 peroneal nerve palsy AE 10034701 https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000791.htm A paralysis AE on the peroneal nerve leading to loss of movement or sensation on the foot and leg and may lead to complete weakness or paralysis of the foot or leg. KY, YH optic hyperesthesia AE 光过敏 YH, Jiahao Wang WEB: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/optic+hyperesthesia A hyperaesthesia AE that occurs at the optic area, reflected by an abnormal sensitivity to light. asphyxia AE 10003497 10003502 窒息 An abnormal respiration AE that shows a severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing. WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphyxia asphyxiation AE YH, Jiahao Wang myotonia AE 10061533 肌强直 WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myotonia An muscle AE showing delayed relaxation (prolonged contraction) of the skeletal muscles after voluntary contraction or electrical stimulation YH, Jiahao Wang neck myotonia AE An myotonia AE that occurs in the neck. YH, Jiahao Wang WEB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myotonia 颈项强直 abdominal distress AE 10000062 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distress_(medicine) NG, YH a behavioral and neurological AE that refers to any pain or discomfort in the abdomen. color blindness AE 10010016 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness NG, YH A blindness AE that refers to the reduced ability to distinguish between colors that are obvious to the rest of the population dystonia AE 10013983 http://www.webmd.com/brain/dystonia-causes-types-symptoms-and-treatments#1 a behavioral and neurological AE that is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause abnormal posture and slow, repetitive movements NG, YH exciteness AE 10015627 a behavioral and neurological AE that is characterized by potentially impulsive or poorly controlled activity NG, YH lightheadedness AE 10024492 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightheadedness a dizziness AE that creates a feeling of a light head caused by a temporary decrease in blood to the brain NG, YH mood disorder AE 10027952 mood problem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder a psychiatric disorder AE that is characterized by an elevation or lowering of a person's mood NG, YH oligomenorrhea AE 10030294 a menstrual disorder AE that is characterized by infrequent menstrual periods NG, YH https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligomenorrhea ototoxicity AE 10033109 an ear AE that refers to ear poisoning resulting from exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ototoxicity NG, YH periarteritis AE 10034462 an inflammation AE that leads to swelling around the blood vessel wall http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/periarteritis NG, YH skin papilloma AE 10033722 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilloma NG, YH a tumor AE that is benign and characterized by a small wart-like growth on the skin tingling AE 10043876 http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptom-checker/numbness-or-tingling-in-hands-adult/related-factors/itt-20009075 a paresthesia AE characterized by unusual prickling sensations in any part of the body NG, YH Grade 1 diarrhea AE CTCAE: E10573 MW, EO a diarrhea AE that has 4 stools per day over baseline; mild increase in ostomy output compared to baseline. Grade 2 diarrhea AE CTCAE: E10574 MW, EO a diarrhea AE that has increased of 4 - 6 stools per day over baseline; moderate increase in ostomy output compared to baseline. Grade 3 diarrhea AE CTCAE: E10575 MW, EO a diarrhea AE that has increased of >=7 stools per day over baseline; incontinence; hospitalization indicated; severe increase in ostomy output compared to baseline; limiting self care ADL genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus AE https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25917466 BY, YH An epileptic seizure AE that is a complex autosomal dominant disorder usually caused by mutations in SCN1A (a voltage-gated sodium channel). One third of patients have febrile seizures only; two thirds have a variety of epilepsy syndromes, both focal and generalized. GEFS+ AE Grade 1 nausea AE CTCAE: E10879 MW, EO a nausea AE that has Loss of appetite without alteration in eating habits Grade 2 nausea AE CTCAE: E10880 MW, EO a nausea AE that has oral intake decreased without significant weight loss, dehydration or malnutrition Grade 3 nausea AE CTCAE: E10881 MW, EO a nausea AE that has inadequate oral caloric or fluid intake; tube feeding, TPN, or hospitalization indicated Bordetella pertussis infection AE A bacterial infection AE that is induced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes an acute respiratory infection marked by severe, spasmodic coughing episodes during the paroxysmal phase. BY, YH https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7813/ infectious thyroiditis AE 10071250 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroiditis YH A thyroiditis AE that is caused by an infection with a pathogen (e.g., bacterium or virus). ulcer A disorder material entity that forms an open sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulcer YH central nervous system toxicity AE 10071215 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24275175 A neurotoxicity that occurs at the central nervous system. This type of neurotoxity manifests as altered thought content resulting in psychosis or confusion. BY, YH poliomyelitis AE 10036012 infantile paralysis AE http://www.who.int/biologicals/areas/vaccines/polio/en/ BY, YH A paralysis AE that results from infection with any one of the three related poliovirus types (referred to as types P1, P2, and P3) and that attacks the body's nervous system. polio AE graft rejection AE 10018650 BY, YH An immune system AE where a transplant recipient's immune system attacks the transplanted organ or tissue. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000815.htm transplant rejection AE periarteritis nodosa AE 10034462 A vasculitis AE that affects medium-sized and small muscular arteries, resulting in microaneurysm formation, aneurysmal rupture with hemorrhage, thrombosis, and, consequently, organ ischemia or infarction. polyarteritis nodosa AE http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330717-overview BY, YH panarteritis nodosa AE rigors AE 10039177 BY, YH http://patient.info/doctor/rigors An abnormal reflex AE characterized by episodes of shaking or exaggerated shivering which can occur with a high fever. lymphoproliferative disorder AE 10061232 An immunology AE in which cells of the lymphatic system grow excessively. It is a AE of the lymphoid cells and of cells from the reticuloendothelial system that usually occur in people with compromised immune systems. http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7859 BY. YH localized rash AE 10062705 BY, YH A rash AE where the rash is present on only one area of the body, which is usually caused by cellulitis, contat dermatitis, and poison ivy. http://www.everydayhealth.com/symptom-checker/localized-rash hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies AE 10069382 https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/hereditary-neuropathy-with-liability-to-pressure-palsies A neuropathy AE that is characterized by recurrent episodes of numbness, tingling, and loss of muscle function in the region associated with the affected nerve, usually an arm, hand, leg, or foot. HNPP AE BY, YH Rubella infection AE 10018206 three-day measles AE http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel/childhood-vaccinations/related-conditions/rubella BY, YH A viral infection AE that is caused by a Rubella virus. This contagious AE leads to symptoms that can include a low-grade fever, sore throat, and a red rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. german measles AE vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis AE 10076716 A poliomyelitis AE that is associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) that occurs among healthy OPV recipients and their contacts. It is clinically indistinguishable from poliomyelitis caused by wild-type polio virus, which causes temporary or permanent paralysis. VAPP AE https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321898/ BY, YH severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy AE 10073677 https://www.dravetfoundation.org/what-is-dravet-syndrome/ SMEI AE BY, YH A seizure AE that is a rare, catastrophic, lifelong form of epilepsy that begins in the first year of life with frequent and/or prolonged seizures. dravet syndrome AE nontuberculous mycobacteria infection AE NTM infection AE http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/nontuberculosis-mycobacteria/learn-about-ntm.html BY. YH A bacterial infection AE that is caused by exposure to environmental sources of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which leads to NTM entering the lungs, causing inflammation in the respiratory system. This AE can lead to progressive lung infection characterized by cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, and weight loss. X-linked agammaglobulinemia AE Congenital Agammaglobulinemia AE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_agammaglobulinemia XLA AE http://primaryimmune.org/about-primary-immunodeficiencies/specific-disease-types/agammaglobulinemia-x-linked-autosomal-recessive/ BY. YH https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/x-linked-agammaglobulinemia Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia AE An immunodeficiency AE that affects the immune system and results in the lack of the ability for the body to generate mature B cells, which manifests as a complete or near-complete lack of proteins called gamma globulins, including antibodies, in their bloodstream. This AE occurs almost exclusively in males. This AE also increases susceptibility to infections. Yellow Fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease AE 10069197 BY, YH https://www.cdc.gov/travel-training/local/HistoryEpidemiologyandVaccination/page27412.html A multi-organ failure AE that is associated with administration of a Yellow Fever vaccine. This happens when vaccine virus proliferates in multiple organs, causing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or multiorgan failure and death. Grade 3 duodenal ulcer AE A duodenal ulcer AE that alters GI function and requiresTPN indicated; elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL. CTCAE: E10614 anal hemorrhage AE 10055226 NCIt: C78168 An anus AE that bleed from the anal region. CTCAE: E10470 Grade 2 anal hemorrhage AE An anal hemorrhage AE that has moderate symptoms; medical intervention or minor cauterization indicated. CTCAE: E10472 acute thyroiditis AE 10043780 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroiditis A thyroiditis AE where the thyroiditis inflammation has an acute process. YH Grade 3 anal hemorrhage AE An anal hemorrhage AE that has transfusion, radiologic, endoscopic, or elective operative intervention indicated. CTCAE: E10473 colonic stenosis AE 10010004 CTCAE: E10550 NCIt: C78243 A gastrointestinal disorder AE that has a narrowing of the lumen of the colon. Grade 2 colonic stenosis AE CTCAE: E10552 A colonic stenosis AE that altered GI function. Grade 3 colonic stenosis AE CTCAE: E10553 A colonic stenosis AE that alters GI function and requires tube feeding or hospitalization. esophageal perforation AE 10055472 CTCAE: E10665 An esophagus AE that has a rupture in the wall of the esophagus. NCIt: C50693 Grade 2 mucosal inflammation AE A mucosal inflammation AE that has moderate pain which is not interfering with oral intake but modified diet indicated. CTCAE: E10874 Grade 3 mucosal inflammation AE CTCAE: E10875 A mucosal inflammation AE that is interfering with oral intake. oral dysesthesia AE 10054520 A dysesthesia AE that has burning or tingling sensation on the lips, tongue or entire mouth. NCIt: C62545 CTCAE: E10894 Grade 3 Oral dysesthesia AE An oral dysesthesia AE that has disabling pain, requires tube feeding and TPN. CTCAE: E10897 Grade 2 Oral dysesthesia AE An oral dysesthesia AE that has m oderate pain and is interfering with oral intake. CTCAE: E10896 Grade 1 Oral dysesthesia AE An oral dysesthesia AE that has mild discomfort but is not interfering with oral intake. CTCAE: E10895 Grade 3 periodontal disease AE CTCAE: E10938 A periodontal disease AE that has spontaneous bleeding, severe bone loss with or without tooth loss and osteonecrosis of maxilla or mandible. Grade 2 periodontal disease AE CTCAE: E10937 A periodontal disease AE that has moderate gingival recession or gingivitis, multiple sites of bleeding on probing and moderate bone loss. Grade 1 periodontal disease AE A periodontal disease AE that has gingival recession or gingivitis, limited bleeding on probing and mild local bone loss. CTCAE: E10936 rectal necrosis AE 10065709 CTCAE: E10967 NCIt: C78585 A necrosis AE that there the ecrotic process occurring in the rectal wall. Grade 3 rectal necrosis AE A rectal necrosis AE that requires tube feeding or TPN indicated; radiologic, endoscopic, or operative intervention indicated. CTCAE: E10968 salivary duct inflammation AE 10056681 An inflammation AE that has inflammation of the salivary duct. CTCAE: E10470 NCIt: C78600 Grade 3 salivary duct inflammation AE CTCAE: E11006 A salivary duct inflammation AE that has acute salivary gland necrosis; severe secretion-induced symptoms (e.g., thick saliva/oral secretions or gagging); tube feeding or TPN indicated; limiting self care ADL; disabling Grade 2 salivary duct inflammation AE A salivary duct inflammation AE that has thick, ropy, sticky saliva; markedly altered taste; alteration in diet indicated; secretion-induced symptoms; limiting instrumental ADL CTCAE: E11005 Grade 1 salivary duct inflammation AE A salivary duct inflammation AE that has slightly thickened saliva; slightly altered taste (e.g., metallic) CTCAE: E11004 small intestinal mucositis AE 10065710 NCIt: C78613 An inflammation AE that has inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine. CTCAE: E11015 Grade 3 small intestinal mucositis AE CTCAE: E11018 A small intestinal mucositis AE that has severe pain and is interfering with oral intake; tube feeding, TPN or hospitalization indicated. Grade 3 small intestine ulcer AE CTCAE: E11041 A small intestine ulcer AE that has altered GI function, requires TPN indicated. Elective operative or endoscopic intervention indicated; limiting self care ADL; disablingoperative intervention Grade 2 small intestine ulcer AE CTCAE: E11040 A small intestine ulcer AE that has altered GI function. tooth development disorder AE 10044030 CTCAE: E11048 A tooth disorder AE that has a pathological process of the teeth occurring during tooth development. NCIt: C35596 Grade 3 tooth development disorder AE CTCAE: E11051 A tooth development disorder AE that has maldevelopment with impairment not surgically correctable. Grade 2 tooth development disorder AE A tooth development disorder AE that has impairment correctable with oral surgery CTCAE: E11050 Grade 1 tooth development disorder AE A tooth development disorder AE that has hypoplasia of tooth or enamel. CTCAE: E11049 Grade 3 cecitis AE CTCAE: E11059 A digestive system AE that has abdominal pain, fever, change in bowel habits with ileus and peritoneal signs. chronic thyroiditis AE 10043781 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroiditis YH A thyroiditis AE where the thyroiditis inflammation has a chronic process. chronic fibrous thyroiditis AE 10043782 http://www.healthfrom.com/Disease/view-3435.html chronic thyroiditis wood AE invasive fibrous thyroiditis AE chronic sclerosing thyroiditis AE A chronic thyroiditis AE that shows a lot of dense fibrous tissue. Riedel's thyroiditis AE YH Riedel goiter AE fibrous chronic thyroiditis AE radition thyroiditis AE 10063885 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation-induced_thyroiditis YH An acute thyroiditis AE that shows a form of painful, acute thyroiditis resulting from radioactive therapy to treat hyperthyroidism or from radiation to treat head and neck cancer or lymphoma. Hashimoto's thyroiditis AE 10069432 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_thyroiditis An autoimmune thyroiditis AE where the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed. chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis AE JX, YH Hashimoto's disease AE atrophic thyroiditis AE 10077172 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-60327-285-8_42 An autoimmune thyroiditis AE that shows an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by thyroid autoantibodies, functional hypothyroidism, and absence of goiter. YH postpartum thyroiditis AE https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_thyroiditis A thyroiditis AE that occurs after pregnancy and may involve hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or the two sequentially. YH planned process 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.) 6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent Bjoern Peters Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process. branch derived planned process A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call) planned process processed material Examples include gel matrices, filter paper, parafilm and buffer solutions, mass spectrometer, tissue samples Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg processed material patient role patient patient role CDISC definition: patient. Person under a physician's care for a particular disease or condition. NOTE: A subject in a clinical trial is not necessarily a patient, but a patient in a clinical trial is a subject. See also subject, trial subject, healthy volunteer. Often used interchangeably GROUP:Role Branch OBI, CDISC a hospitalized person; a person with controlled diabetes; the patient's role http://www.fertilityjourney.com/testingAndDiagnosis/theRightDoctor/thePatientsRole/index.asp?C=55245395146924652778 a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider material processing A cell lysis, production of a cloning vector, creating a buffer. PERSON: Frank Gibson PERSON: Jennifer Fostel PERSON: Melanie Courtot PERSON: Philippe Rocca Serra material processing A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material OBI branch derived PERSON: Bjoern Peters material transformation adding a material entity into a target BP Class was renamed from 'administering substance', as this is commonly used only for additions into organisms. Injecting a drug into a mouse. Adding IL-2 to a cell culture. Adding NaCl into water. adding a material entity into a target branch derived is a process with the objective to place a material entity bearing the 'material to be added role' into a material bearing the 'target of material addition role'. material to be added role 9 March 09 from discussion with PA branch OBI Role Branch drug added to a buffer contained in a tube; substance injected into an animal; material to be added role material to be added role is a protocol participant role realized by a material which is added into a material bearing the target of material addition role in a material addition process target of material addition role From Branch discussion with BP, AR, MC -- there is a need for the recipient to interact with the administered material. for example, a tooth receiving a filling was not considered to be a target role. GROUP: Role Branch OBI peritoneum of an animal receiving an interperitoneal injection; solution in a tube receiving additional material; location of absorbed material following a dermal application. target of material addition role target of material addition role is a role realized by an entity into which a material is added in a material addition process material combination Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water. Injecting a mouse with PBS. bp bp created at workshop as parent class for 'adding material into target', which is asymmetric, while combination encompasses all addition processes. is a material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output. material combination organism 10/21/09: This is a placeholder term, that should ideally be imported from the NCBI taxonomy, but the high level hierarchy there does not suit our needs (includes plasmids and 'other organisms') 13-02-2009: OBI doesn't take position as to when an organism starts or ends being an organism - e.g. sperm, foetus. This issue is outside the scope of OBI. GROUP: OBI Biomaterial Branch A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism animal fungus organism plant virus prediction OBI Philippe Rocca-Serra prediction Prediction of TF target sites based on atomistic models of protein-DNA complexes. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008 Oct 16;9(1):436. PMID: 18922190 a process by which an event or an entity is described before it actually happens or is being discovered and identified. administering substance in vivo 2009-11-10. Tracker: https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2893050&group_id=177891&atid=886178 A process by which a substance is intentionally given to an organism resulting in exposure of the organism to that substance. Balb/c mice received an intracameral or subconjunctival injection of trinitrophenylated spleen cells Person:Bjoern Peters Bjoern Peters Different routes and means of administration should go as children underneath this IEDB Update the definition based on the discussion. Details see the tracker: https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/738/ administering substance in vivo injecting mice with 10 ug morphine intranasally, a patient taking two pills of 1 mg aspirin orally needs roles such as perturber and perturbee (children of input role). Perturb is too strong. Host might be the name for one role. Others considered: Doner, Donated, Acceptor. clinical finding A representation that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T10:18:02Z symptom note: defined class creation date: 2010-11-18T11:02:10Z A quality of a patient that is observed by the patient or a processual entity experienced by the patient, either of which is hypothesized by the patient to be a realization of a disease. http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf disease A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T11:21:20Z http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf disorder A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf bodily process Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T11:53:49Z pathological bodily process Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. creation date: 2009-06-23T11:54:29Z age A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. PATO:0000011 quality time A quality in which events occur in sequence. PATO:0000165 quality behavioral quality An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's behavior aggregate of the responses or reactions or movements in a given situation. PATO:0000186 PATO:0001722 behavioural quality quality acute A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course. PATO:0000389 quality physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATO:0001018 PATO:0002079 Wikipedia:Physical_property quality relational physical quality process quality A quality which inheres in an process. PATO:0001236 PATO:0001239 PATO:0001240 See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. quality quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. monadic quality of a continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant snap:Quality duration A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. PATO:0000081 PATO:0001309 period quality time organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. PATO:0001995 quality physical quality of a process 2009-06-05T09:16:46Z PATO:0002062 george quality nose BTO:0000840 CALOHA:TS-2037 EHDAA2:0001274 EHDAA:1502 EMAPA:16542 EV:0100037 EV:0100370 FMA:46472 GAID:77 MA:0000281 MAT:0000139 MESH:D009666 MIAA:0000139 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCbJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ that is the specialized structure of the face that contains olfactory neurons. The peripheral olfactory organ is paired[ZFA:0000047]. TAO:0000047 The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity. UBERON:0000004 UMLS:C0028429 ZFA:0000047 a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout[WP]. GO: The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity)[Wikipedia:Nose]. galen:Nose nasal sac nasus nose olfactory apparatus peripheral olfactory organ proboscis the organ that is specialized for smell and is part of the respiratory system the structure of the nose varies across vertebrates. In tetrapods the nose is part of the respiratory system.[PMID:25312359] uberon islet of Langerhans A primitive exocrine pancreas can be found in holocephalan cartilaginous fish; a pancreatic duct directly ending in the gut lumen is connected to a glandular structure made of exocrine cells and associated with cell islets, which comprises three different hormone-producing cell types: insulin, somatostatin and glucagon (Yui and Fujita, 1986) AAO:0010406 Anatomical structure which consists of glands developed from pancreatic ducts in the larvae and secrete insulin.[AAO] BTO:0000991 CALOHA:TS-0741 EFO:0000856 EMAPA:32927 EV:0100130 FMA:16016 GAID:324 MA:0000127 MAT:0000076 MESH:D007515 MIAA:0000076 Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have a pancreas with similar histology and mode of development, while in some fish, the islet cells are segregated as Brockmann bodies.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000006 UMLS:C0022131 VHOG:0000646 XAO:0000159 island of Langerhans island of pancreas islets of langerhans pancreatic insula pancreatic islet the clusters of hormone-producing cells that are scattered throughout the pancreas uberon peripheral nervous system (...) specific vertebrate traits within the chordate phylum such as skeletal tissues, PNS, and spectacular head and brain development, are linked to the NC (neural crest) and its derivatives.[well established][VHOG] A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. AAO:0000429 BAMS:PNS BILA:0000081 BTO:0001028 CALOHA:TS-0808 EFO:0000891 EHDAA2:0001445 EHDAA:2893 EMAPA:16665 EV:0100335 FBbt:00005098 FMA:9903 GAID:715 MA:0000218 MAT:0000338 MESH:D017933 MIAA:0000338 Nervous structures including ganglia outside of the central nervous system. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] PNS Part of nervous system in which nerves extend throughout the body outside of the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] TAO:0000142 The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the part of the nervous system connected to the CNS which contains cranial nerves III - XII, spinal, peripheral and autonomic nerves. (CUMBO) UBERON:0000010 UMLS:C0206417 UMLS:C1305921 VHOG:0000399 XAO:0000178 ZFA:0000142 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=247 lateral part of the basal amygdalar nucleus lateral part of the basolateral nucleus nucleus amygdalae basalis, pars lateralis nucleus amygdaloideus basalis, pars lateralis magnocellularis nucleus basalis lateralis amygdalae pars peripherica pars peripherica; systema nervosum periphericum systema nervosum periphericum uberon zone of skin (...) it is well-established that neural crest cells contribute to both the dermal skeleton (craniofacial bone, teeth, and the caudal fin rays of teleosts) and the integument, including craniofacial dermis and all pigment cells outside the retina (...).[well established][VHOG] Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. EHDAA2:0001844 EHDAA:6530 EMAPA:17525 EV:0100152 FMA:86166 GAID:933 MA:0000151 MAT:0000284 MESH:D012867 MIAA:0000284 Note the distinction between the entire skin of the body, of which there is only 1 in an organism, and zones of skin, of which there can be many. Examples: skin of knee OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000014 VHOG:0000860 portion of skin region of skin skin skin region skin zone uberon we assume that mouse, HOG and GAID all mean zone of skin when they say skin. We also choose skin as an exact synonym, as it is more intuitive anatomical boundary A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. AEO:0000192 CARO:0000010 Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms. FMA:50705 UBERON:0000015 uberon endocrine pancreas BTO:0000650 CALOHA:TS-1302 EFO:0002542 EMAPA:35305 EV:0100129 FMA:16018 In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] MA:0001582 TAO:0001260 The part of the pancreas that acts as an endocrine gland, consisting of the islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and other hormones. [TFD][VHOG] The part of the pancreas that is part of the endocrine system and is made up of islet cells, which produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. The zebrafish endocrine pancreas is composed of small groups of islet cells that are distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The islet cells produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.[TAO] UBERON:0000016 VHOG:0000049 ZFA:0001260 create a separate class for distributed pancreas, eg cyclostomes? endocrine and exocrine pancreas are not co-associated in hagfishes or lampreys endocrine pancreas endocrine part of pancreas islets of Langerhans part of pancreas pars endocrina pancreatis uberon exocrine pancreas AAO:0010407 BTO:0000434 CALOHA:TS-1241 EMAPA:35328 EV:0100093 FMA:16017 In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] MA:0002415 TAO:0001249 The exocrine pancreas is composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.[TAO] The part of the pancreas that acts as an exocrine gland, consisting of the pancreatic acini, which produce pancreatic juice and secrete it into the intestine to aid in protein digestion. [TFD][VHOG] The part of the pancreas that is part of the exocrine system and which produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells [GO]. UBERON:0000017 UMLS:C0553695 VHOG:0000048 XAO:0000137 ZFA:0001249 exocrine component of pancreas exocrine pancreas exocrine part of pancreas pars exocrina pancreatis uberon camera-type eye A cavitated compound organ that transduces light waves into neural signals.[TAO] AAO:0010340 An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. BTO:0004688 EHDAA2:0000484 EHDAA:936 EMAPA:16198 FMA distinguishes Eye (subdivision of face) which has its parts an Eyeball (organ), as well as other structures, and the orbit of skull. MA includes eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus as part of MA:eye - consistent with FMA - so we can infer that MA:eye is more like FMA:eye than FMA:eyeball. For other AOs this distinction is less meaningful - e.g. ZFA has no eyelid; XAO has no eyelid, but it has conjuctiva, which is considered part of the xao:eye. GO considers eyelid development part of eye development. See also notes on optic nerve - XAO, AAO and BTO consider this part of the eye. MA considers the eye muscles part of the eye, whereas FMA has a class 'orbital content' for this FMA:54448 MA:0000261 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVil5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000107 The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000019 UMLS:C0015392 UMLS:C1280202 VHOG:0000275 XAO:0000179 ZFA:0000107 camera-type eye plus associated structures eye eyes orbital part of face orbital region regio orbitalis uberon vertebrate eye sense organ AEO:0000094 An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. BSA:0000121 BTO:0000202 CALOHA:TS-2043 EHDAA2:0001824 EHDAA:500 EMAPA:16192 EMAPA:35955 FBbt:00005155 GAID:63 HAO:0000930 MA:0000017 MESH:D012679 Sinnesorgan UBERON:0000020 UMLS:C0935626 VHOG:0001407 WBbt:0006929 organ of sense organ system organ of sensory organ system organ of sensory system sense organ system organ sensillum sensor sensory organ sensory organ system organ sensory system organ uberon tube Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. UBERON:0000025 anatomical tube duct galen:Tube not every anatomical conduit is a tube - for example, a bone foramen is an opening in the bone, and there is no distinct separate tube structure. Tubes may transport large mixed objects (for example, a bolus of food in the digestive tube) or they may transport the secretions of a single gland (for example, gland ducts) tubular uberon appendage AEO:0000193 An appendage is an external body part, or natural prolongation, that protrudes from an organism's body, such as a vertebrate's limbs[BILA][BILA:0000018]. BILA:0000018 BTO:0001492 CARO:0010003 EFO:0000799 EHDAA2:0003193 EV:0100155 FBbt:00007000 HAO:0000144 MAT:0000023 MESH:D005121 MIAA:0000023 Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO]. OpenCyc:Mx4rvViC-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ or organ part that is attached to the body of an organism. For example a limb[GO, modified][GO:0048736]. UBERON:0000026 UMLS:C0598782 VSAO:0000075 XAO:0000218 appendages appendicular extremitaet extremity limbs/digits/tail this is currently a subtype of organism subdivision - which would exclude feathers uberon head AAO:0010335 AEO:0000106 BILA:0000115 BTO:0000282 CALOHA:TS-0436 EFO:0000964 EHDAA2:0003106 EMAPA:31858 FBbt:00000004 FMA:7154 GAID:61 HAO:0000397 MA:0000023 MAT:0000294 MESH:D006257 MIAA:0000294 OpenCyc:Mx4rEOLm4rgPEdmAAAACs6hRjg OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi6YJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.[AAO] Organism subdivision which is the part of the body which consists of the cranial and pharygeal regions.[TAO] SPD:0000016 TAO:0001114 TGMA:0000002 The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. UBERON:0000033 UMLS:C0018670 VHOG:0001644 Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by a fresh and vast array of cranial structures that collectively form the head.[well established][VHOG] WBbt:0005739 XAO:0003024 ZFA:0001114 adult head cephalic area galen:Head head (volume) uberon serous membrane A multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.[TAO] FMA:9581 GAID:19 MESH:D012704 TAO:0005425 UBERON:0000042 UMLS:C0036760 ZFA:0005425 a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete serous fluid. Serous membranes line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid which reduces friction from muscle movement. Serosa is not to be confused with adventitia, a connective tissue layer which binds together structures rather than reducing friction between them. Each serous membrane is composed of a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer underneath. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (cuboidal epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.[WP] in FMA, SM = mesothelium + connective tissue. It excludes the cavity. Serous sac = SM + cavity. Note that the SM is a subtype of wall in FMA. multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. serosa tunica serosa uberon wall of serous sac tendon AEO:0000091 BTO:0001356 CALOHA:TS-1021 Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.[VSAO] Dense regular connective tissue that connects muscle to bone[VSAO]. EHDAA2:0003091 EMAPA:35854 EV:0100149 FMA:9721 GAID:276 MA:0000115 MESH:D013710 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjefJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Phylogenetically, tendinous tissue first appears in the invertebrate chordate Branchiostoma as myosepta. This two-dimensional array of collagen fibers is highly organized, with fibers running along two primary axes. In hagfish the first linear tendons appear and the myosepta have developed specialized regions with unidirectional fiber orientation - a linear tendon within the flat sheet of myoseptum.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000043 UMLS:C0039508 VHOG:0001286 VSAO:0000073 XAO:0000173 ZFA:0005647 galen:Tendon in FMA, tendon is an organ component that with parts dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon and dense-irregular-connective-tissue of tendon sheath; we follow VSAO in making it a subtype of the former. In VSAO tendons connect muscle to bone; in WP the def states integument (e.g. auricular muscles) - but JB confirms this is not actually tendon but aponeurosis sinew tendo uberon ganglion A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. A ganglion is a cluster of neurons. It is part of a nervous system. It may include glial cells. The neurons are arranged in a specific constellation: neuronal somata are concentrated at the surface, thus forming a cell cortex, and neurites are concentrated in the centre of the ganglion to form the neuropil. A ganglion is a distinct unit but several ganglia may be anterio-posteriorly joined by connectives or transversally by commissures AAO:0010426 AEO:0000135 BAMS:G BTO:0000497 CALOHA:TS-0397 Cranial sensory placodes are focused areas of the head ectoderm of vertebrates that contribute to the development of the cranial sense organs and their associated ganglia. Placodes have long been considered a key character of vertebrates, and their evolution is proposed to have been essential for the evolution of an active predatory lifestyle by early vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] EFO:0000899 EHDAA2:0003135 EHDAA:2897 EHDAA:4662 EHDAA:5621 EHDAA:918 EMAPA:32846 EV:0100372 FBbt:00005137 FMA:5884 MA:0002406 MAT:0000207 MAT:0000343 MESH:D005724 MIAA:0000207 MIAA:0000343 Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system.[AAO] Structures containing a collection of nerve cell bodies. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] Subdivision of nervous system which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord. Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion (adapted from Foundational Model of Anatomy)[NIFSTD:nlx_anat_100302]. TAO:0000190 TGMA:0001016 TODO - check vert vs invert. Other species: Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). // Subdivision of neural tree (organ) which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the neuraxis (brain and spinal cord); together with a nucleus and its associated nerve, it constitutes a neural tree (organ). Examples: spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion. // a cluster of nerve cells and associated glial cells (nuclear location) // Portion of tissue that contains cell bodies of neurons and is located outside the central nervous system. UBERON:0000045 UMLS:C0017067 VHOG:0000156 WBbt:0005189 XAO:0000209 ZFA:0000190 ganglia ganglionic neural ganglion uberon simple eye An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. TGMA:0000729 UBERON:0000047 uberon macula GAID:777 MESH:D008267 Patches of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium of the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. Each patch has its own charcteristic shape and polarity pattern. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for sensory patches of the ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] TAO:0000386 Thickened areas of the saccule or utricle where the termination of the vestibular nerve occurs[MESH,modified]. UBERON:0000054 ZFA:0000386 acoustic macula acoustic maculae macula maculae macular sensory macula sensory patch this refers to the inner ear structure, not the macula of the retina. We follow ZFA in including a grouping class for the macula of utricle and sacule uberon vessel A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. UBERON:0000055 uberon ureter AAO:0010254 Anatomical structure consisting of long narrow duct which carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.[AAO] BTO:0001409 CALOHA:TS-1084 EFO:0000930 EHDAA2:0002139 EHDAA:9341 EMAPA:17950 EV:0100097 FMA:9704 GAID:438 MA:0000378 MAT:0000120 MESH:D014513 MIAA:0000120 Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. OpenCyc:Mx4rvhmm6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The duct of amniotes that carries urine from a metanephric kidney to the urinary bladder. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000056 UMLS:C0041951 VHOG:0000605 XAO:0000144 galen:Ureter in humans, consists of adventitial, muscular and mucoa layers metanephric duct uberon ureteral ureteric urethra BTO:0001426 CALOHA:TS-1132 EFO:0000931 EMAPA:30901 EV:0100099 FMA:19667 GAID:390 In human males, the urethra travels through the penis, and carries semen as well as urine. In females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. MA:0000379 MAT:0000121 MESH:D014521 MIAA:0000121 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000057 UMLS:C0041967 VHOG:0001264 XAO:0000153 galen:Urethra the fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening uberon urethral duct A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination[ZFA:0005171]. A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. AAO:0011123 FBbt:00100314 FMA:30320 Most ducts, but not all, are exocrine gland ducts. Some ontologies classify structures such as the oviduct here. TAO:0005171 UBERON:0000058 UMLS:C0687028 XAO:0004000 ZFA:0005171 anatomical duct ducts exocrine duct exocrine gland duct galen:Duct uberon large intestine A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]. AAO:0010396 BTO:0000706 CALOHA:TS-1306 EFO:0000840 EMAPA:19252 EV:0100077 FMA:7201 GAID:306 Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000333 MESH:A03.492.411.495 MIAA:0000046 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkF5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000059 UMLS:C0021851 VHOG:0000054 XAO:0000131 galen:LargeIntestine intestinum crassum uberon anatomical wall EMAPA:25036 FMA:82482 Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. UBERON:0000060 UBERON:0009915 galen:Wall in FMA, serosa is a wall organ wall uberon wall wall of organ anatomical structure AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 EMAPA:0 FBbt:00007001 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:D000825 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 UBERON:0000061 VHOG:0001759 WBbt:0000100 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 biological structure connected biological structure uberon organ Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4 CARO:0020004 EFO:0000634 EMAPA:35949 ENVO:01000162 FMA:67498 MA:0003001 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5XMb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3iWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. UBERON:0000062 UMLS:C0178784 WBbt:0003760 anatomical unit body organ element uberon organ subunit A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. FMA distinguishes segment from zone by whether the fiat boundaries are fixed/anchored (segments) or floating (zone). It's not completely clear how to apply this distinction FMA:86140 Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. Organ region with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyebal. UBERON:0000063 organ region with fixed fiat boundary organ segment segment of organ uberon organ part A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. AAO:0011124 EFO:0000635 FMA:82472 UBERON:0000064 cardinal organ part currently defined in a very broad sense, may be replaced by more specific classes in the future regional part of organ uberon respiratory tract Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts EHDAA2:0001606 EHDAA:1568 EHDAA:2219 EMAPA:16737 FMA:265130 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvM--pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000065 VHOG:0000393 uberon fully formed stage BTO:0001043 BilaDO:0000004 EFO:0001272 FBdv:00005369 The stage of development at which the animal is fully formed, including immaturity and maturity. Includes both sexually immature stage, and adult stage. UBERON:0000066 WBls:0000041 XtroDO:0000084 adult stage fully formed animal stage juvenile-adult stage uberon embryo stage part A stage that is part of the embryo stage. UBERON:0000067 embryonic stage part uberon embryo stage A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. BilaDO:0000002 EV:0300001 FBdv:00005289 FMA:72652 HsapDv:0000002 MmusDv:0000002 OGES:000000 OGES:000022 UBERON:0000068 WBls:0000003 WBls:0000092 WBls:0000102 XAO:1000012 embryogenesis embryonic stage uberon death stage End of the life of an organism. UBERON:0000071 XAO:0000437 XtroDO:0000085 death ncit:Death is an outcome uberon proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract An section of a respiratory tract. EMAPA:16737 FMA:45660 MA:0000434 MA:0000434 has subclasses upper and lower, so it corresponds to a segment of the tract, rather than the tract as a whole UBERON:0000072 respiratory tract subdivision of respiratory tract uberon regional part of nervous system 2009-06-18T09:00:04Z Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. Melissa Haendel UBERON:0000073 UMLS:C1518256 part of nervous system uberon renal glomerulus 2009-06-18T09:26:37Z A capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney[GO]. BTO:0000530 CALOHA:TS-0862 EFO:0003667 EMAPA:28329 EV:0100386 FMA:15624 MA:0001657 MESH:D007678 Melissa Haendel TAO:0001288 UBERON:0000074 UMLS:C0022663 ZFA - The multi-tissue structure where the glomerular basement membrane supported by mesonephric podocytes filters blood from the glomerular capillaries. GUDMAP: 'Together, the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle.' - here the glomerulus is part of the capsule? ZFA:0001288 glomerular capillary tuft glomerular tuft glomerulus glomerulus renis malphigian glomerulus renal corpuscle renal glomeruli uberon subdivision of skeletal system Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. FMA:85544 UBERON:0000075 UBERON:0010322 UMLS:C1519343 galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure skeletal system part skeletal system subdivision uberon external ectoderm (or external ectoderm) forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis EHDAA2:0001968 EHDAA:1494 EHDAA:350 EHDAA:4784 EHDAA:4790 EHDAA:4796 EHDAA:7860 EMAPA:16096 FMA:87656 The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. UBERON:0000076 UMLS:C1515087 merge with non-neural. In vertebrates, the ectoderm has three parts: external ectoderm (also known as surface ectoderm), the neurectoderm (neural crest, and neural tube) surface (external) ectoderm surface ectoderm uberon mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. Grouping term for query purposes. Notes that the developmental relationships are being refined such that most structures should develop in whole from at most one layer, but may have contributions from multiple UBERON:0000077 uberon male reproductive system BTO:0000082 By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] CALOHA:TS-1310 EFO:0000970 EHDAA2:0001054 EHDAA:8136 EMAPA:17968 EV:0100101 FBbt:00004927 FMA:45664 GAID:386 HAO:0000505 MA:0000396 MESH:D005837 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCepwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0000634 The organs associated with producing offspring in the gender that produces spermatozoa. UBERON:0000079 UMLS:C0017422 UMLS:C1963704 VHOG:0000725 WBbt:0008423 XAO:0000155 genitalia of male organism male genital organ male genital system male genital tract male genitalia male genitals male organism genitalia male organism reproductive system male reproductive tract reproductive system of male organism systema genitale masculinum uberon mesonephros A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the middle region of the nephric ridge; a transient embryonic stage that replaces the pronephros, but is itself replaced by the adult metanephros [in mammals; in fishes and amphibians it is the adult kidney]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG] AAO:0010384 As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates. (...) In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0001542 By contrast to the pronephros, the histological features of the mammalian mesonephros, with its primitive glomeruli, suggest that it probably functions as a primitive kidney, and is involved in the production of much of the amniotic fluid. Within the two mesonephroi, one located on either side of the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut, a substantial number (in the region of about 40 or more) of cranio-caudally segmented mesonephric tubules are formed. It has, however, been suggested that only the most rostrally located 4-6 pairs of mesonephric tubules drain into the mesonephric portion of the nephric duct. This is now seen to extend along the length of the mesonephroi, being located towards their lateral sides. The mesonephros is also retained over a considerably longer period than the pronephros, but gradually undergoes regression in a cranio-caudal direction. While the rostral part displays clear evidence of regression its more caudal part appears to display evidence of functional activity. Within the medial part of the mesonephros, vesicles are formed, although no glomeruli are formed there in this species. It is, however, difficult to believe that the relatively enormous mesonephroi do not have an excretory role in the mouse, only serving as a base for gonadal differentiation. In the human embryo, the medial part of the mesonephric tubules enlarges, become invaginated by capillaries, and form glomeruli. These then take on an excretory role. In the mouse, the mesonephric ducts appear to be patent throughout their length[GUDMAP, modified] CALOHA:TS-0624 EFO:0000928 EHDAA2:0001130 EHDAA:1581 EHDAA:5903 EMAPA:16744 EMAPA:27644 FMA:72171 GAID:1308 In mammals, the mesonephros is the second of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In fish and amphibians, the mesonephros will form the mature kidney MESH:D001755 Organ that is the definitive adult kidney. It replaces the earlier pronephros, which degenerates as the mesonephros becomes functional in feeding stage tadpoles.[AAO] TAO:0000529 The second stage of the kidney. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary embryonic kidney in higher vertebrates. It is composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo. UBERON:0000080 UMLS:C0025492 VHOG:0000038 Wolffian body XAO:0000141 ZFA:0000529 amphibian adult kidney corpus Wolffi mesonephric mesonephric kidney mesonephroi middle kidney opisthonephros opisto nephros opistonephros uberon metanephros A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the posterior region of the nephric ridge and drained by a ureter; replaces the embryonic pronephros and mesonephros [in mammals]. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.745][VHOG] BTO:0001543 During the fifth week of gestation, the mesonephric duct develops an outpouching, the ureteric bud, near its attachment to the cloaca. This bud, also called the metanephrogenic diverticulum, grows posteriorly and towards the head of the embryo. The elongated stalk of the ureteric bud, the metanephric duct, later forms the ureter. As the cranial end of the bud extends into the intermediate mesoderm, it undergoes a series of branchings to form the collecting duct system of the kidney. It also forms the major and minor calyces and the renal pelvis EHDAA2:0001137 EHDAA:3089 EHDAA:5911 EMAPA:17207 EMAPA:17373 FMA:72172 In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine[GO] TODO check developmental relationships The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000081 UMLS:C0231049 VHOG:0000039 definite kidney definitive kidney hind kidney metanephric metanephric kidney metanephron uberon mesonephric tubule A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP]. AAO:0010389 Any of the renal tubules composing the mesonephros. In mammals they function as excretory structures during the early embryonic development but are later incorporated into the reproductive system. [TFD][VHOG] As the pronephros regresses, the archinephric duct induces the sequential differentiation of tubules in the more caudal parts of the nephric ridge. (...) Tubules that differentiate in the middle part of the nephric ridge form a kidney called the mesonephros. This kidney functions in the embryos and larvae of all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001134 EMAPA:27588 EMAPA:27659 TODO check UBERON:0000083 VHOG:0000500 XAO:0000148 renal tubules tubuli mesonephrici uberon ureteric bud An epithelial swelling on the Wolffian duct that elongates to invade the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme[MP] BTO:0001646 EHDAA2:0002140 EHDAA:3091 EHDAA:5917 EMAPA:17209 EMAPA:17376 Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts. [Embryology, See_Dudek_RW_and_Fix_JD, Third_Edition_(2004)_Philadelphia:_Lippincott_William_and_Wilkins, p.137][VHOG] Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that penetrates the metanephric mesoderm and forms the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and collecting ducts[VHOG:0000541]. The first embryonic hint of a metanephros is the formation of the metanephric duct that appears as a ureteric diverticulum arising at the base of preexisting mesonephric duct. The ureteric diverticulum grows dorsally into the posterior region of the nephric ridge. Here it enlarges and stimulates the growth of metanephric tubules that come to make up the metanephric kidney. The metanephros becomes the adult kidney of amniotes, and the metanephric duct is usually called the ureter.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000084 UMLS:C1284058 VHOG:0000541 diverticulum diverticulum metanephricum gemma ureterica metanephric bud metanephric diverticulum uberon ureteric ampulla ureteric diverticulum morula A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum. BTO:0001508 EHDAA2 has embryo starting later EHDAA2:0000005 FMA:292334 GAID:1295 MESH:A16.254.270.550 UBERON:0000085 UMLS:C0026573 morula (2-16 cells) uberon zona pellucida A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but not extraneous to it. The zona pellucida first appears in multilaminar primary oocytes. BTO:0003135 EHDAA2:0002220 EHDAA:31 EHDAA:62 EMAPA:16035 FMA:18674 GAID:410 MA:0001715 MESH:D015044 Outside the plasma membrane, three envelopes surround the ovum. The first, the primary egg envelope, lies between the plasma membrane and the surrounding cells of the ovary. The most consistent component of this primary layer is the vitelline membrane, a transparent jacket of fibrous protein. In mammals, the homologous structure is called the zona pellucida.[well established][VHOG] TAO:0001111 UBERON:0000086 UMLS:C0043519 VHOG:0000720 ZFA:0001111 oolemma pellucid zone striated membrane uberon vitelline envelope vitelline membrane zona pellucida - vitelline membrane zona radiata zona striata inner cell mass A group of cells found in the mammalian blastocyst that give rise to the embryo. [Biology_Online][VHOG] A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues A small sphere of cells known as the inner cell mass lies within the trophoblast (of all eutherian mammals).[well established][VHOG] EFO:0000547 EHDAA2:0000830 EHDAA:40 EMAPA:16041 FMA:86557 ICM This structure forms in the earliest steps of development, before implantation into the endometrium of the uterus has occurred.The ICM lies within the blastocyst cavity and is entirely surrounded by the single layer of cells called trophoblast. [Wikipedia:Inner_cell_mass] UBERON:0000087 UMLS:C1283994 VHOG:0000742 early embryoblast embryoblast embryoblastus; massa cellularis interna; pluriblastus senior pluriblast uberon trophoblast Aggregate of cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg. [Wikipedia:Trophoblast] BTO:0001079 CALOHA:TS-1070 EV:0100120 FMA:83029 GAID:1152 MESH:A11.936 The postimplantation derivatives of the trophectoderm, which make up most of the fetal part of the placenta UBERON:0000088 UMLS:C0041178 massa cellularis externa the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta the mesectodermal cell layer arising from the trophectoderm that erodes the uterine mucosa and contributes to the formation of the placenta[MP] trophoblast layer trophoblastic trophoblastus trophoderm uberon bilaminar disc A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc. FMA:293863 UBERON:0000091 UMLS:C1283997 bilaminar disk bilaminary embryonic disc bilaminary germ disc embryonic disc embryonic shield germinal disc germinal disk uberon post-embryonic stage BilaDO:0000003 In birds, the postnatal stage begins when the beak penetrates the shell (i.e., external pipping) (Brown et al. 1997) OGES:000010 OGES:000014 OGES:000024 UBERON:0000092 WBls:0000022 WBls:0000093 WBls:0000103 post-hatching stage postembryonic postembryonic stage stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure uberon membrane organ 2009-07-30T05:19:13Z FMA:7145 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. [FMA] UBERON:0000094 cjm membrane membrane of organ uberon life cycle An entire span of an organism's life, commencing with the zygote stage and ending in the death of the organism. FBdv:00000000 HsapDv:0000001 MmusDv:0000001 OGES:000011 UBERON:0000104 entire life cycle entire lifespan life lifespan ncithesaurus:Life uberon life cycle stage A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. BILS:0000105 EFO:0000399 FBdv:00007012 FMA:24120 HsapDv:0000000 MmusDv:0000000 OlatDv:0000010 PdumDv:0000090 UBERON:0000105 WBls:0000002 XAO:1000000 ZFS:0000000 ZFS:0100000 developmental stage ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage stage the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here uberon we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage zygote stage 1-cell stage A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] BILS:0000106 BilaDO:0000005 EFO:0001322 EHDAA:27 EMAPA:16033 FBdv:00005288 PdumDv:0000100 UBERON:0000106 VHOG:0000745 XAO:1000001 ZFS:0000001 fertilized egg stage fertilized egg stage one cell stage one-cell stage uberon zygote zygotum cleavage stage BILS:0000107 BilaDO:0000006 EFO:0001290 FBdv:00000054 MESH:A16.254.270 MmusDv:0000004 OGES:000015 OGES:000020 PdumDv:0000200 The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg; Stage consisting of division of cells in the early embryo. The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant growth, producing a cluster of cells the same size as the original zygote. The different cells derived from cleavage are called blastomeres and form a compact mass called the morula. Cleavage ends with the formation of the blastula. UBERON:0000107 XAO:1000004 ZFS:0000046 uberon blastula stage An early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. BILS:0000108 BilaDO:0000007 EFO:0001282 HsapDv:0000006 MmusDv:0000007 OGES:000003 OGES:000016 OGES:000021 OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg UBERON:0000108 WBls:0000005 XAO:1000003 ZFS:0000045 consider adding a preceding stage 'morula stage' as part of cleavage uberon gastrula stage A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. BILS:0000109 BilaDO:0000008 EFO:0001296 FBdv:00005317 HsapDv:0000010 MmusDv:0000013 OGES:000004 OGES:000019 UBERON:0000109 WBls:0000010 XAO:1000005 ZFS:0000047 blastocystis trilaminaris stage trilaminar blastocyst stage trilaminar blastoderm stage trilaminar disk stage trilaminar germ stage trilaminar stage uberon neurula stage BILS:0000110 BilaDO:0000009 HsapDv:0000012 MmusDv:0000017 Staged defined by the formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system. UBERON:0000110 XAO:1000006 uberon organogenesis stage A stage at which the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. BILS:0000111 BilaDO:0000010 HsapDv:0000015 MmusDv:0000018 OGES:000005 OGES:000032 UBERON:0000111 segmentation stage uberon sexually immature stage BILS:0000112 BTO:0002168 EFO:0001300 EV:0300051 In mammals this would include infant (nourishment from lactation) and juvenile (prepubertal no longer dependent on mother) MmusDv:0000043 OGES:000009 The stage of being a sexually immature adult animal[XAO:1000010]. UBERON:0000112 XAO:1000010 XtroDO:0000083 ZFS:0000051 immature stage juvenile stage subadult stage uberon lung connective tissue EMAPA:35521 FMA:27533 MA:0001782 UBERON:0000114 connective tissue of lung lung interstitial tissue lung interstitium pulmonary connective tissue pulmonary interstitial tissue pulmonary interstitium the connective tissue located between the respiratory (airway and alveolar) epithelium, the capillary endothelium and pleural mesothelium; it contains basement membrane composed of collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin; it functions in the mechanical behavior of the lung, and forms a barrier to regulate the flow of plasma constituents from the capillaries to the airway and alveolar spaces uberon respiratory tube A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. FMA:12224 UBERON:0000117 in GO lung development is part of respiratory tube development. This can lead to inconsistencies with other ontologies, e.g. VT. The GO structure may be better represented by a tree of tubes (see the FMA class) respiratory conducting tube segment of tracheobronchial tree segment of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial tree segment uberon lung bud BTO:0001643 EHDAA2:0004089 Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. UBERON:0000118 UMLS:C1514420 UMLS:C1514897 clarify successors - include bronchi? gemma pulmonalis gemma respiratoria lung bud primary lung bud respiratory diverticulum uberon neuron projection bundle A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. CARO:0001001 FBbt:00005099 UBERON:0000122 UBERON:0005163 funiculus nerve fiber bundle neural fiber bundle uberon neural nucleus A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO) AEO:0000136 Anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma[GO][GO_REF:0000021]. FMA:83686 Proposed CUMBO def from MM: A subcortical part of the nervous system consisting of a relatively compact group of cells that is distinguishable histologically that share a commonality of cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecturel and connectivity. (comments: I put in 'subcortical' because I don't think we consider either the cerebellar cortex or cerebral cortex to be nuclei. Some people distinguish between a nucleus and a laminar structure (see Wikipedia definition). However, there are structures identified as nuclei that are laminar, e.g., lateral geniculate nucleus, although they are not laminated in all species. Also, I put in 'relatively compact' and 'distiguishable by histology' because we have groups of cells, e.g., cholinergic cell groups, doparminergic cell groups that are related on the 3 criteria but which we don't tend to consider nuclei because they don't occupy an easily defined territory. But all is open to debate. UBERON:0000125 nervous system nucleus neuraxis nucleus neuronal nucleus nucleus nucleus of CNS nucleus of neuraxis uberon cranial nerve nucleus FMA:54501 Nucleus that receives projections from or contains neurons that send projections through one of the cranial nerves UBERON:0000126 cranial neural nucleus nucleus nervi cranialis nucleus of cranial nerve uberon anterior region of body UBERON:0000153 uberon posterior region of body UBERON:0000154 uberon membranous layer A thin sheet or layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering or envelope of a part, as the lining of a cavity, as a partition or septum, or to connect two structures. FMA:30322 FMA:82500 MESH:D008566 UBERON:0000158 membrane membranous organ component uberon intestine AAO:0000246 ANISEED:1235303 BSA:0000093 BTO:0000648 CALOHA:TS-0490 EFO:0000834 EMAPA:32874 EMAPA:35180 EV:0100071 FMA:7199 GAID:295 In zebrafish, No stomach, small intestine, or large intestine can be distinguished. However, differences can be found in the morphology of the mucosa columnar epithelial cells and the number of goblet cells, suggesting functional differentiation. The intestine has numerous folds that become progressively shorter in a rostral-to-caudal direction. Proportionally, these folds are significantly larger than the finger-like intestinal villi of mammals and other amniotes (Wallace et al. 2005). Columnar-shaped absorptive enterocytes are the most numerous in the zebrafish intestinal epithelium. Goblet cells are the second most populous epithelial cell type. MA:0000328 MA:0001524 MESH:A03.492.411 MIAA:0000043 Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.[AAO] Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. TAO:0001338 The tract of the alimentary canal. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] This class is probably too inclusive UBERON:0000160 UMLS:C0021853 VHOG:0000056 WBbt:0005772 XAO:0000129 ZFA:0001338 bowel galen:Intestine intestinal intestinal tract uberon orifice Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. FMA:3724 UBERON:0000161 anatomical orifice anatomical ostium hilum in FMA, this is an anatomical conduit *space*, rather than anatomical conduit ostium uberon cloaca A cloaca is apparently a primitive vertebrate feature because it occurs in most primitive gnathostomes and persists in the embryos of almost all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive discharge in most lower vertebrates as well as the terminal end of the hindgut before division into rectum, bladder, and genital primordia in mammalian embryos. [TFD][VHOG] AAO:0000095 Anatomical structure which is the common receptacle for the alimentary canal, Wolffian ducts, oviducts, and the bladder.[AAO] Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures GAID:1206 Human beings only have an embryonic cloaca, which is split up into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs MESH:D002988 UBERON:0000162 UMLS:C0008987 VHOG:0001186 XAO:0000244 ZFA:0005781 adding df link to embryonic cloaca leads to a cycle in uberon-simple, as cloaca is a suberclass of embryonic cloaca cloacal cloacal chamber hindgut endoderm and proctodeal ectoderm. uberon vent embryonic cloaca EHDAA2:0000256 EHDAA:4895 EMAPA:27573 EMAPA:27638 UBERON:0000163 cloaca endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. this class represents the embryonic form of the cloaca, as found in both mammals and non-mammals. uberon primitive urogenital sinus EHDAA2:0004060 EHDAA:5029 EHDAA:5919 EMAPA:17211 EMAPA:17379 In mammals the lowly monotremes still have a cloaca. Higher types have done away with this structure and have a separate anal outlet for the rectum. The monotreme cloaca shows the initiation of this subdivision. The cloaca has such includes only the distal part, roughly comparable to the proctodeum. The more proximal part is divided into (1) a large dorsal passage into which the intestine opens, the coprodeum, and (2) a ventral portion, the urodeum with which the bladder connects. (...) the development of the placental mammals recapitulates in many respects the phylogenetic story. In the sexually indifferent stage of placental mammal there is a cloaca. While the indifferent stage still persists, a septum develops, and extends out to the closing membrane. This divides the cloaca into two chambers: a coprodeum continuous with the gut above, and a urodeum or urogenital sinus below.[well established][VHOG] The ventral part of the cloaca after its separation from the rectum, giving rise to the lower part of the bladder in both sexes, to the prostatic portion of the male urethra, and to the urethra and vestibule in the female. [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0000164 UGS UMLS:C0231057 VHOG:0000414 fetal UGS sinus urogenitalis the term 'urogenital sinus' may refer to the primitive urogenital sinus present as a transient developmental structure in most mammals or it may refer to a condition in which an unseptated cloaca persists in animals longer than normal the ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females uberon urogenital sinus mouth AAO:0010355 BTO:0001090 BTO:0004698 CALOHA:TS-1315 Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] EFO:0000825 EHDAA2:0001326 EHDAA:542 EMAPA:16262 FBbt:00003126 FMA:49184 GAID:75 MA:0000341 MA:0002474 MAT:0000038 MESH:D009055 MIAA:0000038 Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TADS:0000040 TAO:0000547 TAO:0000590 TGMA:0000131 The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). UBERON:0000165 VHOG:0000280 VHOG:0000812 XAO:0003029 ZFA:0000547 ZFA:0000590 adult mouth cavital oralis cavitas oris cavum oris galen:Mouth in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips mouth cavity oral oral region oral vestibule regio oralis rima oris some AOs place this as developing from the stomodeum but we weaken this to developmental contribution, as the mouth includes non-ectodermal derivatives stoma stomatodaeum trophic apparatus uberon vestibule of mouth vestibulum oris oral opening (...) mouth development is very similar in protostomes and 'basal' deuterostomes, whereas the chordate mouth seems to develop at a new position. Recent data for echinoderms and hemichordates further suggest that this change in mouth position may result from change in the influence of a conserved ectodermal patterning system on mouth development. It has been suggested that the mouths of vertebrates and urochordates may constitute a 'new' mouth.[well established][VHOG] FMA:59806 The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. UBERON:0000166 mouth oral fissure oral orifice oral part of face uberon oral cavity AAO:0000053 AAO:0000960 Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present) Anatomical cavity bounded anteriorly by the mouth and posteriorly by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] BSA:0000107 CALOHA:TS-1315 EFO:0001975 EHDAA2:0001324 EHDAA:6970 EMAPA:17411 EMAPA:18399 EV:0100057 Echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates are called deuterostomes because the mouth arises not from the blastopore but from a second invagination at the anterior end of the larva that pushes in to connect with the archenteron.[well established][VHOG] FMA:20292 HAO:0000669 TAO:0001027 TGMA:0000102 The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures (muscles and mucosa). [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0000167 UMLS:C0226896 VHOG:0000188 WBbt:0005255 XAO:0000126 ZFA:0001027 bucca buccal cavity cavity of mouth uberon proximal-distal subdivision of colon A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis. FMA:222905 UBERON:0000168 segment of colon uberon pair of lungs 1 1 1 1 FMA:68877 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The pair of anatomical structures comprised of a left lung and right lung. UBERON:0000170 lungs lungs pair pulmones set of lungs uberon respiration organ EMAPA:17607 Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. SPD:0000428 TGMA:0001247 UBERON:0000171 apparatus respiratorius organ breathing organ gas exchange organ organ of apparatus respiratorius organ of respiratory system respiratory organ respiratory system organ uberon excreta A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity AEO:0000184 BTO:0000491 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003184 ENVO:02000022 FMA:9674 UBERON:0000174 UBERON:0000324 UBERON:0007550 excreted substance excretion galen:Excretion portion of excreted substance uberon waste substance blood A complex mixture of cells suspended in a liquid matrix that delivers nutrients to cells and removes wastes. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. AAO:0000046 BTO:0000089 CALOHA:TS-0079 EFO:0000296 EHDAA2:0000176 EHDAA:418 EMAPA:16332 ENVO:02000027 EV:0100047 FMA:9670 GAID:965 Highly specialized circulating tissue consisting of several types of cells suspended in a fluid medium known as plasma.[AAO] MA:0000059 MESH:D001769 MIAA:0000315 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Recent findings strongly suggest that the molecular pathways involved in the development and function of blood cells are highly conserved among vertebrates and various invertebrates phyla. (...) There is now good reason to believe that, in vertebrates and invertebrates alike, blood cell lineages diverge from a common type of progenitor cell, the hemocytoblast.[well established][VHOG] TAO:0000007 This class excludes blood analogues, such as the insect analog of blood. See UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid. UBERON:0000178 UMLS:C0005767 VHOG:0000224 XAO:0000124 ZFA:0000007 galen:Blood portion of blood relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] uberon vertebrate blood whole blood haemolymphatic fluid 2009-04-08T04:38:19Z CARO:0000081 Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. UBERON:0000179 blood or blood analog circulating fluid cjm uberon amnion A thin but tough extraembryonic membrane of reptiles, birds and mammals that lines the chorion and contains the fEtus and the amniotic fluid around it. [Biology_Online][VHOG] BTO:0000065 CALOHA:TS-0033 EHDAA2:0000116 EHDAA:136 EMAPA:16109 EV:0100122 FMA:80223 GAID:1298 MESH:A16.254.403.277 Structures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes of reptiles and birds appear in mammals: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000305 UMLS:C0002630 VHOG:0000721 amniotic the thin innermost layer of the extraembryonic membranes that contains the amniotic fluid; the membrane forms a closed sac in which the embryo and later, the fetus, is suspended and protected uberon blastula BILA:0000059 BTO:0000128 GAID:1294 MESH:A16.254.270.274 OGEM:000006 OpenCyc:Mx4rEetFnKP2EdqAAAACs4vPlg Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. TODO - check relationship with epiblast. Note in FMA this is not a subclass of embryo, but in uberon embryo is the whole organism from zygote onwards and thus includes the blastula UBERON:0000307 UBERON:0007011 blastosphere blastula embryo uberon breast BTO:0000149 CALOHA:TS-2083 EV:0100124 FMA:9601 GAID:33 MESH:D001940 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjV7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The breasts of a female primate's body contain the mammary glands, which secrete milk used to feed infants. Both men and women develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. However, at puberty female sex hormones, mainly estrogens, promote breast development, which does not happen with men. As a result women's breasts become more prominent than men's. The upper ventral region of an animal's torso. UBERON:0000310 UMLS:C0006141 galen:Breast mamma mammary part of chest mammary region uberon duodenal mucosa A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000367 CALOHA:TS-0213 Doudenal mucosa Duodenal mucous membrane EMAPA:27235 FMA:14942 MA:0003207 UBERON:0000320 UBERON:0003348 duodenum mucosa mucosa of duodenum mucous membrane of duodenum uberon gastric gland BTO:0000503 EMAPA:27181 FMA:14919 The branched tubular glands found in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach which contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and zymogenic cells that produce pepsin. UBERON:0000325 uberon gut wall BTO:0000547 FMA:45653 The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). UBERON:0000328 We model the digestive tract as consisting of two parts: the wall and the lumen. digestive tract wall uberon wall of alimentary tract wall of digestive tract wall of gut throat BTO:0000828 FMA:228738 In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted]. OpenCyc:Mx4rwQtO_JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. UBERON:0000341 UMLS:C0230069 gula gular uberon mucosa A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP] AEO:0000199 BTO:0000886 CALOHA:TS-2031 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234 EV:0100382 FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately FMA:85355 FMA:85358 GAID:297 MESH:D009092 OpenCyc:Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000344 UMLS:C0026724 galen:Mucosa mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal mucosal region mucous membrane organ mucosa region of mucosa tunica mucosa uberon parenchyma EHDAA:3015 EHDAA:3905 EHDAA:3999 EHDAA:4005 EHDAA:6899 EHDAA:6903 EHDAA:6994 EHDAA:8086 EHDAA:9182 EHDAA:9190 EHDAA:9196 EHDAA:9202 Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin FMA:45732 UBERON:0000353 UMLS:C0933845 functional part of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, being exactly, connective tissues. parenchymal the FMA definition is more restrictive, and limits this to solid organs. This would seem to cause problems for the lung parenchyma, except FMA classifies Lung as solid rather than cavitated uberon blastocyst BTO:0001099 CALOHA:TS-0076 EFO:0000295 EMAPA:36035 EV:0100394 FMA:83041 GAID:1153 Gilbert fig11.32 has blastocyst has giving rise to ICM and trophoblast (which in this source is a synonym for trophectoderm) MESH:A16.254.085 The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm[GO]. UBERON:0000358 UMLS:C1281743 blastocystis blastula uberon musculature of body AAO:0000307 Anatomical system that consists of the muscles of the body.[VSAO] BILA:0000088 BTO:0001369 BTO:0001485 EFO:0000801 EMAPA:35578 FBbt:00005069 FMA:72954 MA:0002888 MAT:0000025 MIAA:0000025 The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. UBERON:0000383 VSAO:0000033 XAO:0004042 consider whether this should be restricted to skeletal musculature. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/77 muscle system muscle system of body muscular system musculature system muskelsystem set of all muscles set of muscles of body uberon vertebrate muscular system we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA serous gland A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells. BTO:0001837 FMA:62889 UBERON:0000409 glands that secrete watery albuminous material that often contains enzymes[MP:0008052]. uberon mucous gland A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells. AAO:0010601 BTO:0001979 FMA:62888 In frogs and salamanders, this is the smaller of the two types of gland, the other being the granular (poison) gland. In these species the mucous gland is a cluster of cells that release secretion into a common duct[Kardong] UBERON:0000414 glandula mucosa muciparous gland mucous secreting gland mucus gland mucus-secreting gland uberon bodily secretion A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. AEO:0001005 BTO has two distunct classes, with exocrine glandular secretion a subtype of secretion - however, all examples in BTO directly under secretion appear to be exocrine gland secretions BTO:0002977 BTO:0002979 EMAPA:36535 FMA:9675 MA:0002504 MESH:D012634 UBERON:0000456 UBERON:0006540 UMLS:C1516992 exocrine gland fluid exocrine gland fluid or secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion exocrine gland secretion external secretion galen:Secretion secreted substance secretion uberon uterine wall An anatomical wall that is part of a uterus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0003083 FMA:17560 UBERON:0000459 anatomical wall of uterus uberon uterus anatomical wall uterus wall wall of uterus organism substance AAO:0010839 AEO:0000004 BILA:0000004 CALOHA:TS-2101 CARO:0000004 EHDAA2:0003004 EMAPA:35178 FBbt:00007019 FMA:9669 HAO:0000004 MA:0002450 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. SPD:0000008 TAO:0001487 TGMA:0001824 UBERON:0000463 VHOG:0001726 XAO:0004001 ZFA:0001487 body fluid or substance body substance galen:BodySubstance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance uberon anatomical space AAO:0010110 AEO:0000005 BILA:0000005 CARO:0000005 EHDAA2:0003005 FBbt:00007017 FMA:5897 HAO:0000005 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. TAO:0001668 TGMA:0001825 UBERON:0000464 UMLS:C0524461 VHOG:0001728 XAO:0003190 ZFA:0001643 anatomical spaces lumen lumen space space uberon material anatomical entity AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 Anatomical entity that has mass. BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FBbt:00007016 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 UBERON:0000465 VHOG:0001721 uberon immaterial anatomical entity AAO:0010265 AEO:0000007 Anatomical entity that has no mass. BILA:0000007 CARO:0000007 EHDAA2:0003007 FBbt:00007015 FMA:67112 HAO:0000007 TAO:0001835 TGMA:0001827 UBERON:0000466 VHOG:0001727 immaterial physical anatomical entity uberon anatomical system AAO:0000007 AEO:0000011 BILA:0000011 BSA:0000049 CALOHA:TS-2088 CARO:0000011 EHDAA2:0003011 EHDAA:392 EMAPA:16103 EV:0100000 FBbt:00004856 FMA:7149 HAO:0000011 MA:0000003 Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ TAO:0001439 TGMA:0001831 UBERON:0000467 UMLS:C0460002 VHOG:0001725 WBbt:0005746 WBbt:0005763 XAO:0003002 ZFA:0001439 anatomical systems body system connected anatomical system galen:AnatomicalSystem organ system system uberon multicellular organism AAO:0010026 AEO:0000191 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. BILA:0000012 BSA:0000038 BTO:0000042 CARO:0000012 EFO:0002906 EHDAA2:0003103 EHDAA2:0003191 EHDAA:1 EHDAA:9178 EMAPA:25765 EV:0100016 FBbt:00000001 FMA:256135 HAO:0000012 Koerper TADS:0000001 TAO:0001094 TGMA:0001832 TODO - split body and mc organism? body continues after death stage UBERON:0000468 VHOG:0000671 WBbt:0007833 XAO:0003004 ZFA:0001094 animal body galen:Organism multi-cellular organism ncithesaurus:Whole_Organism organism organismal uberon whole body whole organism cell part AAO:0010271 Anatomical structure that is a direct part of the cell. BILA:0000014 CARO:0000014 FBbt:00007012 FMA:86454 GO:0044464 HAO:0000014 NIF_Subcellular:sao-1337158144 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQwkcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0001834 TODO - move metadata to GO and obsolete this class once homes have been found for existing children. Note the inconsistency between the usage of the label 'cell component' in GO and CARO UBERON:0000470 UMLS:C1178969 cell component uberon compound organ component AAO:0010017 AEO:0000019 BILA:0000019 CARO:0000019 EHDAA2:0003019 HAO:0000019 Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ. TAO:0001489 TGMA:0001835 UBERON:0000471 XAO:0003039 ZFA:0001489 compound organ components this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future uberon female reproductive system BTO:0000083 By far, sexual reproduction is the more common pattern among living vertebrate forms and its widespread occurrence suggests that it is the plesiomorphic, or primitive, reproductive mode among the vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] CALOHA:TS-1303 EFO:0000969 EHDAA2:0000506 EHDAA:8116 EMAPA:17959 EV:0100110 FBbt:00004864 FMA:45663 GAID:364 HAO:0000324 MA:0000381 MESH:D005836 MIAA:0000028 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0000635 The organs and associated structures associated with bearing offspring in a female animal. UBERON:0000474 UMLS:C0700038 VHOG:0000726 WBbt:0006748 WikipediaCategory:Female_reproductive_system XAO:0000156 female genital system female genital tract female genitalia female genitals female organism genitalia female organism reproductive system female reproductive tract genitalia of female organism gynaecological tissue reproductive system of female organism systema genitale femininum uberon organism subdivision AAO:0010053 AEO:0000032 Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. BILA:0000032 CALOHA:TS-2084 CARO:0000032 EFO:0000808 EHDAA2:0003032 EMAPA:36031 FBbt:00007009 FMA:7153 HAO:0000032 MA:0002433 MAT:0000293 MESH:D001829 MIAA:0000293 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Reflects CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency TAO:0001308 TGMA:0001840 UBERON:0000475 UMLS:C0229962 VHOG:0001758 XAO:0003013 ZFA:0001308 anatomic region body part body region cardinal body part galen:BodyPart uberon acellular anatomical structure AAO:0010268 AEO:0000040 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. BILA:0000040 CARO:0000040 EHDAA2:0003040 FBbt:00007013 FMA:63863 HAO:0000040 TAO:0000382 TGMA:0001841 UBERON:0000476 XAO:0003162 ZFA:0000382 acellular anatomical structures uberon anatomical cluster AAO:0010009 AEO:0000041 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. BILA:0000041 CARO:0000041 EHDAA2:0003041 FBbt:00007277 FMA:49443 HAO:0000041 TADS:0000605 TAO:0001478 TGMA:0001842 UBERON:0000477 VHOG:0001737 Will be obsoleted in CARO v2 [https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/3] XAO:0003160 ZFA:0001478 uberon extraembryonic structure A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. AAO:0010020 AEO:0000042 BILA:0000042 CALOHA:TS-2119 CARO:0000042 EHDAA2:0003042 EHDAA:46 FBbt:00005835 FMA:85537 HAO:0000042 TAO:0000020 TGMA:0001843 UBERON:0000478 UMLS:C1282438 VHOG:0000292 XAO:0004005 ZFA:0000020 extra-embryonic structure extraembryonic structures extraembryonic tissue see also conceptus extraembryonic component in EHDAA2. uberon tissue AAO:0000607 AAO:0010054 AEO:0000043 BILA:0000043 CALOHA:TS-2090 CARO:0000043 EHDAA2:0003043 EMAPA:35868 FBbt:00007003 FMA:9637 HAO:0000043 MA:0003002 MESH:D014024 Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. TAO:0001477 TGMA:0001844 UBERON:0000479 UMLS:C0040300 VHOG:0001757 WBbt:0005729 XAO:0003040 ZFA:0001477 changed label and definition to reflect CARO2 galen:Tissue portion of tissue simple tissue tissue portion uberon multi-tissue structure AAO:0010048 AEO:0000055 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. BILA:0000055 CARO:0000055 EHDAA2:0003055 FBbt:00007010 HAO:0000055 TAO:0001488 TGMA:0001847 UBERON:0000481 VHOG:0001762 XAO:0003037 ZFA:0001488 multi-tissue structures uberon epithelium AAO:0000144 AAO:0010055 AEO:0000066 BILA:0000066 BTO:0000416 CALOHA:TS-0288 CARO:0000066 EHDAA2:0003066 EMAPA:32738 FBbt:00007005 FMA:9639 GAID:402 HAO:0000066 MA:0003060 MESH:D004848 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. TAO:0001486 The two basic types of metazoan tissue are epithelial and connective. The simplest metazoans, and developmental stages of many primitive invertebrates, consist solely of these two layers. Thus, epithelial and connective tissues may be the primary (original) tissues of metazoans, and both are important in the functional organization of animals.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000483 UMLS:C0014609 VHOG:0000387 XAO:0003045 ZFA:0001486 epithelial epithelial tissue portion of epithelium uberon simple columnar epithelium AAO:0010063 AEO:0000068 BILA:0000068 CARO:0000068 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003068 FBbt:00007027 FMA:45567 HAO:0000068 TAO:0001496 UBERON:0000485 UMLS:C0836135 Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA] XAO:0004008 ZFA:0001496 columnar epithelium columnar epithlium epithelium simplex columnare simple columnar epithelia simple columnar epithelium uberon multilaminar epithelium AAO:0010059 AEO:0000069 BILA:0000069 BTO:0002074 CARO:0000069 EHDAA2:0003069 Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA] FMA:45562 HAO:0000069 TAO:0001494 UBERON:0000486 UMLS:C0682575 XAO:0004006 ZFA:0001494 laminated epithelium stratified epithelium uberon simple squamous epithelium AAO:0010066 AEO:0000070 BILA:0000070 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000070 EHDAA2:0003070 FMA:45565 HAO:0000070 TAO:0001498 UBERON:0000487 UMLS:C0836133 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.[CARO] Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA] XAO:0004010 ZFA:0001498 epithelium simplex squamosum simple squamous epithelia uberon cavitated compound organ AAO:0010016 AEO:0000072 BILA:0000072 CARO:0000072 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. EHDAA2:0003072 FMA:55671 HAO:0000072 TAO:0001490 TGMA:0001857 UBERON:0000489 VHOG:0001730 XAO:0003165 ZFA:0001490 cavitated compound organs cavitated organ this class was introduced for consistency with CARO, however, it has yet to be used in this or other ontologies. It may be retired in the future uberon unilaminar epithelium AAO:0010062 AEO:0000073 BILA:0000073 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000073 EHDAA2:0003073 Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.[CARO] Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA] FMA:45561 HAO:0000073 TAO:0001495 UBERON:0000490 UMLS:C0682574 XAO:0004007 ZFA:0001495 consider adding disjointness axiom between unilaminar and multilaminar - but note that this will render EHDAA2:0003244 (chorionic trophoblast) unsatisfiable simple epithelium uberon unilaminar epithelia mucus CALOHA:TS-2144 ENVO:02000040 FMA:66938 GAID:1164 MESH:D009093 Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000912 UMLS:C0026727 galen:Mucus mucoid mucous uberon interstitial fluid ENVO:02000042 FMA:9673 Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. UBERON:0000913 intercellular fluid tissue fluid uberon thoracic segment of trunk EMAPA:35862 FMA:259209 MA:0000022 Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. UBERON:0000915 anterior subdivision of trunk note that we use the slightly verbose term 'thoracic segment of trunk' to avoid confusuon with insect thorax. todo - taxonomic constraints. Also, in FMA 'thorax' is a synonym for chest thorax uberon upper body upper trunk abdomen BTO:0000020 CALOHA:TS-0001 EFO:0000968 EMAPA:35102 EV:0100011 FMA:9577 GAID:16 MA:0000029 MAT:0000298 MESH:A01.047 MIAA:0000298 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgyZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. UBERON:0000916 Vertebrate specific. In arthropods 'abdomen' is the most distal section of the body which lies behind the thorax or cephalothorax. If need be we can introduce some grouping class abdominal abdominopelvic region abdominopelvis adult abdomen belly celiac celiac region galen:Abdomen uberon embryo AAO:0011035 AEO:0000169 Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. BILA:0000056 BSA:0000039 BTO:0000379 CALOHA:TS-0229 EFO:0001367 EHDAA2:0000002 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236 EHDAA:38 EMAPA:16039 FBbt:00000052 FMA:69068 GAID:963 MAT:0000226 MESH:D004622 MIAA:0000019 OGEM:000001 Obsoleted in ZFA. Note that embryo is not classified as an embryonic structure - an embryonic structure is only the parts of an embryo OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000922 UMLS:C0013935 VHOG:0001766 XAO:0000113 ZFA:0000103 developing organism developmental tissue embryonic embryonic organism uberon germ layer A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. AAO:0000480 BILA:0000035 BTO:0000556 Classically the germ layers are ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. Alternatively: primary = ectoderm, endoderm; secondary=mesoderm; tertiary=dorsal mesoderm, NC[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest] EMAPA:36033 FBbt:00000110 FMA:69069 GAID:1303 MESH:A16.254.425 TAO:0001122 The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000923 UMLS:C0920502 UMLS:C1708239 VHOG:0001223 XAO:0003011 ZFA:0001122 embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers embryonic tissue germinal layer primary germ layer uberon ectoderm AAO:0000137 BILA:0000036 BTO:0000315 CALOHA:TS-0216 EFO:0000414 EHDAA2:0000428 EMAPA:16069 EV:0100003 FBbt:00000111 FMA:69070 GAID:1304 MAT:0000155 MAT:0000173 MESH:A16.254.425.273 MIAA:0000173 Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryonic germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.[AAO] TAO:0000016 The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000924 UMLS:C0013574 VHOG:0000153 XAO:0000001 ZFA:0000016 ectodermal embryonic ectoderm uberon endoderm AAO:0000139 BILA:0000038 BTO:0000800 CALOHA:TS-0273 EFO:0002545 EHDAA2:0000436 EMAPA:16062 EV:0100005 FBbt:00000125 FMA:69071 GAID:1305 MAT:0000175 MESH:A16.254.425.407 MIAA:0000175 Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. TAO:0000017 The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0000925 UMLS:C0014144 VHOG:0000154 XAO:0000090 ZFA:0000017 endodermal entoderm uberon mesoderm AAO:0000304 BILA:0000037 BTO:0000839 CALOHA:TS-0623 EFO:0001981 EHDAA2:0001128 EHDAA:124 EHDAA:160 EHDAA:168 EHDAA:183 EMAPA:16083 EV:0100006 FBbt:00000126 FMA:69072 GAID:522 MAT:0000174 MESH:A16.254.425.660 MIAA:0000174 Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryonic germ layers.[AAO] TAO:0000041 The Bilateria are triploblastic (with true endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) (...).[well established][VHOG] The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. UBERON:0000926 UBERON:0003263 UMLS:C0025485 VHOG:0000152 XAO:0000050 ZFA:0000041 embryonic mesoderm entire mesoderm mesodermal mesodermal mantle sponges do not seem to have a mesoderm and accordingly Amphimedon lacks transcription factors involved in mesoderm development (Fkh, Gsc, Twist, Snail)[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7307/full/nature09201.html]. Mesoderm may not be homologous across verteberates uberon stomodeum Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal formed as an invagination of the ectoderm; the future mouth.[TAO] Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. BTO:0004224 EHDAA2:0001929 EMAPA:16263 FBbt:00000439 FMA:295846 TAO:0001290 TGMA:0000135 This class groups together disparate structures as all being the anterior part of the early metazoan digestive tract and precursor of the mouth. However, the developmental processes vary, so this class may be split in future. E.g. in mammals it is a rostral depression surrounded by prominences. Outgrowth of the prominences produces a stomodeal cavity. UBERON:0000930 UMLS:C1514977 XAO:0000269 ZFA:0001290 consider indicating location. e.g. anterior. Note some AOs place this as part of oral opening, but it's not clear when this structure comes into existence mouth pit mouth primordium oral ectoderm oral pit primitive oral cavity stomatodeum stomodaeum stomodeal stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium the primordial mouth region of the developing head, initially a midline ectodermal depression between the forebrain bulge (cranially) and the heart bulge (caudally) and between the maxillary and mandibular components of the first pharyngeal arch; the stomodeum is separated from the anterior end of the foregut by the buccopharyngeal membrane; the mouth is developed partly from the stomodeum, and partly from the floor of the anterior portion of the foregut; the lips, teeth, and gums are formed from the walls of the stomodeum, but the tongue is developed in the floor of the pharynx uberon proctodeum AAO:0011087 An inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[TAO] EHDAA2:0000121 EMAPA:25038 FBbt:00000123 Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into an ectodermal terminal part of the digestive tract. Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into part of the anal passage.[AAO] TAO:0000066 UBERON:0000931 UMLS:C0231054 VHOG:0000139 XAO:0001019 ZFA:0000066 amnioproctodeal invagination anal pit anus porus embryonic proctodaeum proctodaeum proctodeal removed WBbt:0006795 'proctodeum' - junction between the alimentary and genital tracts in the male. uberon stomach AAO:0000579 ANISEED:1235297 An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. BTO:0001307 CALOHA:TS-0980 EFO:0000837 EHDAA2:0001915 EHDAA:2993 EMAPA:17021 EV:0100070 FMA:7148 GAID:293 It appears that the stomach has an ancient origin. The stomach first appears in the fish lineage. The prevertebrate chordates do not have a true stomach, whereas the cartilaginous and bony fish do. Although most fish do have a true stomach, some fish species appear to have lost the stomach secondarily. The remaining vertebrate lineages do have a true stomach (at least in the adult animal), although there is great variation in the size and shape of the stomach.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000353 MAT:0000051 MESH:A03.492.766 MIAA:0000051 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Portion of alimentary canal with increased circular and longitudinal smooth muscle. Bounded posteriorly by the pyloric sphincter. Mucosal lining has increased folding.[AAO] TAO:0002121 UBERON:0000945 UMLS:C0038351 VHOG:0000408 Ventricular We restrict this to the vertebrate specific structure - see the grouping class 'food storage organ' for analogous structures in other species. Teleosts: Zebrafish is functionally stomach-less, but may retain ontogenic footprint. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions of the oesophageal and duodenal openings remain relatively constant. As a result, the organ always curves somewhat to the left before curving back to meet the pyloric sphincter. However, lampreys, hagfishes, chimaeras, lungfishes, and some teleost fish have no stomach at all, with the oesophagus opening directly into the intestine. The gastric lining is usually divided into two regions, an anterior portion lined by fundic glands, and a posterior with pyloric glands. Cardiac glands are unique to mammals, and even then are absent in a number of species. The distributions of these glands vary between species, and do not always correspond with the same regions as in man. Furthermore, in many non-human mammals, a portion of the stomach anterior to the cardiac glands is lined with epithelium essentially identical to that of the oesophagus. Ruminants, in particular, have a complex stomach, the first three chambers of which are all lined with oesophageal mucosa XAO:0000128 anterior intestine galen:Stomach gaster mesenteron stomach chamber uberon ventriculus cardial valve A membranous fold of the heart that prevents reflux of fluid BTO:0000564 EMAPA:17869 EV:0100024 Extensive conservation of valve developmental mechanisms also has been observed among vertebrate species including chicken, mouse, and human.[well established][VHOG] FMA:7110 GAID:176 MA:0000086 MESH:D006351 One of the four structures within the heart that prevent backflow of blood by opening and closing with each heartbeat. The valves include two semilunar valves, the aortic and pulmonary; the mitral or bicuspid valve; and the tricuspid valve. The valves permit blood flow in only one direction. [TFD][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rv8oyuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Rector et al: One might be tempted to define 'heart valve' equivalently to 'valve in the heart', and 'valve' as a 'structure which functions as a valve'. But this combination results in the 'foramen ovale' being classified as a kind of 'heart valve', since it is undoubtedly located in the heart and functions as a valve TAO:0005065 UBERON:0000946 UMLS:C0018826 VHOG:0000818 XAO:0004126 ZFA:0005065 cardiac valve galen:HeartValve heart valve heart valve heart valves stomodaeal valve uberon valve of heart aorta AAO:0010213 All amniotes have a broadly similar arrangement to that of humans, albeit with a number of individual variations. In fish, however, there are two separate vessels referred to as aortas. The ventral aorta carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills; part of this vessel forms the ascending aorta in tetrapods (the remainder forms the pulmonary artery). A second, dorsal aorta carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body, and is homologous with the descending aorta of tetrapods. The two aortas are connected by a number of vessels, one passing through each of the gills. Amphibians also retain the fifth connecting vessel, so that the aorta has two parallel arches BTO:0000135 CALOHA:TS-0046 EFO:0000265 EMAPA:18601 EV:0100027 FMA:3734 GAID:469 MA:0000062 MAT:0000035 MESH:D001011 MIAA:0000035 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvTpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.[AAO] The main trunk of the systemic arterial system that carries blood from the heart to all the organs and other structures of the body, bringing oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation This class is currently a mixed bag, encompassing (1) the entirety of the mammalian aorta together with (2) the developmental and phylogenetic homologs of its segments: the ventral aorta and dorsal aortae. UBERON:0000947 UMLS:C0003483 VHOG:0001523 When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] XAO:0003010 aortic arteria maxima dorsal aorta galen:Aorta trunk of aortic tree trunk of systemic arterial tree uberon heart A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. AAO:0010210 As noted, the hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers that arises from the two chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the fish heart.[well established][VHOG] BILA:0000020 BTO:0000562 Blood pumping organ composed of four chambers: sinus venosus, atrium, cardiac ventricle and bulbus arteriosus.[TAO] CALOHA:TS-0445 EFO:0000815 EHDAA2:0000738 EHDAA:420 EMAPA:16105 EV:0100018 FMA:7088 GAID:174 Herz@de MA:0000072 MAT:0000036 MESH:D006321 MIAA:0000036 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood; composed of three chambers--two atria and one ventricle.[AAO] TAO:0000114 Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1485706 UBERON:0000948 UMLS:C0018787 VHOG:0000276 XAO:0000064 ZFA:0000114 branchial heart cardiac cardium chambered heart galen:Heart relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] uberon vertebrate heart endocrine system AAO:0010279 Anatomical system containing glands which regulates bodily functions though the secretion of hormones.[AAO] Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. CALOHA:TS-1301 EFO:0002969 EHDAA2:0002224 EMAPA:35306 EV:0100128 FBbt:00005068 FMA:9668 GAID:439 MA:0000012 MESH:D004703 Multicellular organisms have complex endocrine systems, allowing responses to environmental stimuli, regulation of development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Nuclear receptors (NRs), a metazoan-specific family of ligand-activated transcription factors, play central roles in endocrine responses, as intermediates between signaling molecules and target genes. The NR family includes ligand-bound and orphan receptors, that is, receptors with no known ligand or for which there is no ligand Pocket. Understanding NR evolution has been further improved by comparison of several completed genomes, particularly those of deuterostomes and ecdysozoans. In contrast, evolution of NR ligands is still much debated. One hypothesis proposes that several independent gains and losses of ligand-binding ability in NRs occurred in protostomes and deuterostomes. A second hypothesis, pertaining to the NR3 subfamily (vertebrate steroid hormone receptors and estrogen related receptor), proposes that before the divergence of protostomes and deuterostomes, there was an ancestral steroid receptor (AncSR) that was ligand-activated and that orphan receptors secondarily lost the ability to bind a ligand. (...) Our analysis reveals that steroidogenesis has been independently elaborated in the 3 main bilaterian lineages (...).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0001158 UBERON:0000949 UMLS:C0014136 VHOG:0000098 XAO:0000158 ZFA:0001158 endocrine endocrine glandular system endocrine system systema endocrinum uberon brain (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010478 ABA:Brain BAMS:Br BAMS:Brain BILA:0000135 BTO:0000142 CALOHA:TS-0095 Cavitated compound organ which is comprised of gray and white matter and surrounds the cerebral ventricular system.[TAO] DHBA:10155 EFO:0000302 EHDAA2:0000183 EHDAA:2641 EHDAA:6485 EMAPA:16894 EV:0100164 FBbt:00005095 FMA:50801 GAID:571 HBA:4005 MA:0000168 MAT:0000098 MESH:D001921 MIAA:0000098 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjT65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA PBA:3999 Part of the central nervous system situated within the cranium and composed of both nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers.[AAO] TAO:0000008 The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) UBERON:0000955 UMLS:C0006104 UMLS:C1269537 VHOG:0000157 XAO:0000010 ZFA:0000008 encephalon galen:Brain http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=21 requires review for applicability to invertebrate structures, e.g. synganglion suprasegmental levels of nervous system suprasegmental structures synganglion the brain uberon medulla of organ FMA:61108 Middle part of an organ, surrounded by the cortex. UBERON:0000958 galen:Medulla medulla medullary this class is used in a very general sense uberon nerve of cervical vertebra BAMS:cern FMA:5859 Innervates: sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, omohyoid muscle[WP] The cervical nerves are the spinal nerves from the cervical vertebrae. Although there are seven cervical vertebrae (C1-C7), there are eight cervical nerves (C1-C8). All nerves except C8 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae, while the C8 nerve emerges below the C7 vertebra. (In the other portions of the spine, the nerve emerges below the vertebra with the same name. Dorsal (posterior) distribution includes the greater occipital (C2) and third occipital (C3). Ventral (anterior) distribution includes the cervical plexus (C1-C4) and brachial plexus (C5-C8) [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0000962 UMLS:C0228815 cervical nerve cervical nerve tree cervical spinal nerve nervus cervicalis uberon cornea AAO:0010344 BTO:0000286 CALOHA:TS-0171 Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals. In fish, and aquatic vertebrates in general, the cornea plays no role in focusing light, since it has virtually the same refractive index as water EFO:0000377 EHDAA2:0000316 EHDAA:10199 EMAPA:17161 EV:0100341 FMA:58238 GAID:892 MA:0000266 MESH:D003315 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViBa5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000640 UBERON:0000964 UMLS:C0010031 VHOG:0000164 XAO:0000180 ZFA:0000640 cornea of camera-type eye corneal corneas the transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure tunica cornea uberon lens of camera-type eye AAO:0010348 BTO:0000723 CALOHA:TS-0545 EHDAA:9057 EMAPA:17838 EV:0100343 FMA:58241 MA:0000275 MAT:0000141 MESH:A09.371.509 MIAA:0000141 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj0fZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000975 TAO:0000035 The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] The lens is avascular and nourished by diffusion from the aqueous and vitreous This class excludes compound eye corneal lenses. Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. UBERON:0000965 UMLS:C0023317 VHOG:0000169 XAO:0000008 ZFA:0000035 camera-type eye lens crystalline lens eye lens lens lens crystallina lenses ocular lens uberon retina AAO:0010352 BAMS:R BTO:0001175 CALOHA:TS-0865 Currently this class encompasses only verteberate AOs but could in theory also include cephalopod - we may want to make a more specific class for vertebrate retina. note that this class excludes ommatidial retinas, as the retina must be part of an eyeball. Use the parent class photoreceptor array / light-sensitive tissue for arthropods EFO:0000832 EHDAA2:0001627 EHDAA:4757 EMAPA:17168 EV:0100348 FMA:58301 GAID:755 MA:0000276 MAT:0000142 MBA:304325711 MESH:D012160 MIAA:0000142 NIFSTD_RETIRED:birnlex_1156 Netzhaut OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTfpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000152 The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] The portion of the eye developing from the optic primordium and including the neural retina and the retinal pigment layer. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. UBERON:0000966 UMLS:C0035298 UMLS:C1278894 VHOG:0000229 XAO:0000009 ZFA:0000152 inner layer of eyeball retina of camera-type eye retinal retinas tunica interna of eyeball uberon eye An organ that detects light. BILA:0000017 BTO:0000439 CALOHA:TS-0309 EFO:0000827 EV:0100336 FBbt:00005162 GAID:69 MAT:0000140 MESH:D005123 MIAA:0000140 Note that whilst this is classified as an organ, it is in fact more of a unit composed of different structures: in Drosophila, it includes the interommatidial bristle as a part; we consider here the vertebrate eye to include the eyeball/eye proper as a part, with the eye having as parts (when present): eyelids, conjuctiva, OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA This class encompasses a variety of light-detecting structures from different phyla with no implication of homology, from the compound insect eye to the vertebrate camera-type eye (distinct classes are provided for each) UBERON:0000970 light-detecting organ ocular optic uberon visual apparatus neck AEO:0000108 An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. BTO:0000420 CALOHA:TS-2045 EFO:0000967 EHDAA2:0003108 EMAPA:35587 FMA:7155 GAID:86 MA:0000024 MAT:0000297 MESH:D009333 MIAA:0000297 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLF5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0000974 UMLS:C0027530 cervical collum galen:Neck neck (volume) true necks are considered to be present when the pectoral girdle is separate from the skull - Tiktaalik is the earliest known fish to have a true neck. uberon pleura BTO:0001791 CALOHA:TS-2081 EFO:0001980 EMAPA:16775 EV:0100044 FMA:9583 GAID:360 In MA, is_a cavity lining (which we equate to parietal). In FMA, is_a (viscous) serous membrane (which includes mesothelium plus connective tissue). Note the MA structure should probably be associated with the mesothelium of pleura in FMA. JB/EHDAA2 argues the term 'pleura' is best used for the mesothelial lining (thus excluding connective tissue). See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 MA:0000433 MESH:D010994 OpenCyc:Mx4rv3zwLZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion). The serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the pleural cavity. [Kaufman_MH_and_Bard_JBL, The_anatomical_basis_of_mouse_development_(1999)_San_Diego:_Academic_Press, p.264][VHOG] UBERON:0000977 UMLS:C0032225 VHOG:0000394 pleura pleural pleural tissue uberon wall of pleural sac leg BTO:0000721 CALOHA:TS-2206 EFO:0001411 EHDAA2:0000972 EHDAA:5151 EHDAA:6176 EHDAA:8289 EMAPA:17489 GAID:49 MA:0000047 MESH:D035002 Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rvViYzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod. The term leg can mean: [1] an appendage on which an animal walks [2] the entire hindlimb of a tetrapod [3] the segment of a human leg between knee and ankle (cf FMA) [4] the region of a hindlimb include the stylopod and zeugopod, but excluding the autopod. We define this class as [4], and thus 'leg' is compltely analagous to 'arm'. For [1], see the class 'locomotive weight-bearing appendage'. For [2] we use 'hindlimb'. For UBERON:0000978 VHOG:0000345 lower extremity tetrapod leg uberon we use the less open to misinterpretation 'hindlimb zeugopod'. Editor note: currently declared as overlapping foot, as AOs disagree over whether some ankle parts are in the leg or foot skeletal joint AEO:0000182 Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] BTO:0001686 CALOHA:TS-2023 EFO:0000948 EMAPA:35456 FMA:7490 GAID:102 MA:0000319 MAT:0000188 MESH:D007596 MIAA:0000188 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 TAO:0000367 UBERON:0000982 UMLS:C0022417 VHOG:0001276 VSAO:0000101 XAO:0000171 ZFA:0001596 articular joint articulation galen:Joint joint joints uberon reproductive system AAO:0010258 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. Anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues associated with sexual reproduction of the organism.[AAO] Arguably, one of the most important aspects of urbilaterian organogenesis would have been gonadogenesis, since Urbilateria must have successfully generated gametes and developed a strategy for extrusion and fertilization, in order to be the ancestor of all living Bilateria.[well established][VHOG] BILA:0000103 BTO:0000081 CALOHA:TS-1318 EFO:0000809 EHDAA2:0001603 EHDAA:5923 EMAPA:17381 EV:0100100 FBbt:00004857 FMA:7160 GAID:363 Geschlechtsorgan HAO:0000374 HAO:0000895 MA:0000326 MIAA:0000305 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVja4ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000632 UBERON:0000990 UMLS:C1261210 VHOG:0000182 WBbt:0005747 XAO:0000142 ZFA:0000632 animal reproductive system consider splitting genitalia from reproductive system genital system genital tract genitalia organa genitalia reproductive tissue reproductive tract systemata genitalia uberon gonad AAO:0000213 Anatomical structure which produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins.[AAO] BILA:0000123 BSA:0000079 BTO:0000534 EMAPA:16857 EMAPA:17383 Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved.[uncertain][VHOG] FBbt:00004858 FMA xref is a 'general anatomical term' FMA:18250 GAID:368 HAO:0000379 MA:0002420 MESH:D006066 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQvdiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). TAO:0000413 The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).[TAO] UBERON:0000991 UMLS:C0018067 VHOG:0000397 WBbt:0005175 XAO:0003146 ZFA:0000413 gonada gonadal gonads uberon female gonad (...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction (reference 1); Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] AAO:0000371 BILA:0000125 BSA:0000080 BTO:0000975 CALOHA:TS-0730 EFO:0000973 EHDAA2:0001360 EHDAA:8124 EMAPA:17962 EV:0100111 Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.[AAO] FBbt:00004865 FMA:7209 Female reproductive organ.[TAO] GAID:367 MA:0000384 MESH:D010053 MIAA:0000125 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Ovaries of some kind are found in the female reproductive system of many animals that employ sexual reproduction, including invertebrates. However, they develop in a very different way in most invertebrates than they do in vertebrates, and are not truly homologous. Many of the features found in human ovaries are common to all vertebrates, including the presence of follicular cells, tunica albuginea, and so on. However, many species produce a far greater number of eggs during their lifetime than do humans, so that, in fish and amphibians, there may be hundreds, or even millions of fertile eggs present in the ovary at any given time. In these species, fresh eggs may be developing from the germinal epithelium throughout life. Corpora lutea are found only in mammals, and in some elasmobranch fish; in other species, the remnants of the follicle are quickly resorbed by the ovary. In birds, reptiles, and monotremes, the egg is relatively large, filling the follicle, and distorting the shape of the ovary at maturity. Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space. The ovary of teleosts is also often hollow, but in this case, the eggs are shed into the cavity, which opens into the oviduct. Although most normal female vertebrates have two ovaries, this is not the case in all species. In birds and platypuses, the right ovary never matures, so that only the left is functional. In some elasmobranchs, the reverse is true, with only the right ovary fully developing. In the primitive jawless fish, and some teleosts, there is only one ovary, formed by the fusion of the paired organs in the embryo TAO:0000403 UBERON:0000992 UMLS:C0029939 VHOG:0000251 XAO:0000258 ZFA:0000403 female organism genitalia gonad female organism genitalia gonada female organism reproductive system gonad female organism reproductive system gonada female reproductive system gonad female reproductive system gonada genitalia of female organism gonad genitalia of female organism gonada gonad of female organism genitalia gonad of female organism reproductive system gonad of female reproductive system gonad of genitalia of female organism gonad of reproductive system of female organism gonada of female organism genitalia gonada of female organism reproductive system gonada of female reproductive system gonada of genitalia of female organism gonada of reproductive system of female organism ovarian ovaries ovarium ovary ovum-producing ovary reproductive system of female organism gonad reproductive system of female organism gonada the gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells uberon oviduct A passage through which ova leave the maternal body or pass to an organ communicating with the exterior of the body. [TFD][VHOG] A tube or collection of tubes in an animal from the ovaries to the outside of the body. AAO:0010533 BSA:0000083 BTO:0000980 EFO:0000974 EMAPA:18984 GAID:366 In all remaining vertebrates (i.e., coelacanths, lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals), the oviduct arises in ontogeny as a longitudinal, groovelike invagination of the coelomic epithelium on the lateral surface of the mesonephros.[well established][VHOG] MAT:0000126 MESH:D010057 MIAA:0000126 TAO:0000560 The only female vertebrates to lack oviducts are the jawless fishes. In these species, the single fused ovary releases eggs directly into the body cavity. The fish eventually extrudes the eggs through small genital pores towards the rear of the body[WP] UBERON:0000993 UMLS:C0029954 VHOG:0001136 XAO:0003052 ZFA:0000560 female reproductive tracts in birds divided into infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, and vagina ovarian duct ovarian tube oviducts sometimes oviduct is used interchangeably with follaopian tube. Here they are different - the oviduct connects the gonad to the outside in a variety of animals. The mammal-class fallopian tube is derived from the mullerian duct and connects the gonads/infubdibulum to the uterus tuba uterina tuba uterinae tubular parts of female reproductive system uberon uterine tube uterus An infundibulum, uterine tube, uterus, and vagina also differentiate along the oviducts of eutherian mammals.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0001424 CALOHA:TS-1102 EFO:0000975 EMAPA:29915 EV:0100113 FMA:17558 GAID:172 MA:0000389 MAT:0000127 MESH:D014599 MIAA:0000127 Most animals that lay eggs, such as birds and reptiles, have an oviduct instead of a uterus. In monotremes, mammals which lay eggs and include the platypus, either the term uterus or oviduct is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a placenta within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and fertilization. Marsupials have two uteruses, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and which both use a third, middle 'vagina' which functions as the birth canal. Marsupial embryos form a choriovitelline 'placenta' (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a 'true' placenta), in which the egg's yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo's nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother's bloodstream. OpenCyc:Mx4rvViojJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The hollow muscular organ in female mammals in which the blastocyst normally becomes embedded and in which the developing embryo and fetus is nourished. Its cavity opens into the vagina below and into a uterine tube on either side. [TFD][VHOG] Two uteruses usually form initially in a female fetus, and in placental mammals they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteruses, only one is functional. Humans and other higher primates such as chimpanzees, along with horses, usually have a single completely fused uterus, although in some individuals the uteruses may not have completely fused [Wikipedia:Uterus] UBERON:0000995 UMLS:C0042149 VHOG:0001137 galen:Uterus the female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth uberon uterine vagina 'The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria.' Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.688 A fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles[WP]. BTO:0000243 CALOHA:TS-1103 EFO:0000976 EMAPA:18986 EV:0100117 FMA:19949 GAID:381 MA:0000394 MAT:0000128 MESH:D014621 MIAA:0000128 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj1B5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ with organ cavity which connects the cervical canal of uterus to the vestibule of vagina.[FMA] The distal end of the oviducts differentiates as a vagina in Metatheria and Eutheria.[well established][VHOG] The genital canal in the female, leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus. [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0000996 UMLS:C0042232 VHOG:0001138 distal oviductal region distal portion of oviduct galen:Vagina uberon vaginae vaginal skin epidermis (...) outer epithelia in all metazoan animals are homologous. (...) The ancestor of all metazoans likely had an epidermis with a basal extracellular matrix (ECM), an apical extracellular glycocalyx, and one cilium with a striated rootlet per cell.[well established][VHOG] A cellular, multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm. Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] AAO:0000143 BTO:0000404 CALOHA:TS-0283 EFO:0000954 EMAPA:17528 EV:0100153 FMA:70596 GAID:932 MA:0000153 MAT:0000154 MESH:D004817 MIAA:0000154 TAO:0000105 The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the embryonic epiblast.[AAO] The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. UBERON:0001003 UMLS:C0014520 VHOG:0000077 XAO:0000028 ZFA:0000105 Zebrafish epidermis consists only of living cells unlike terrestrial vertebrates in which dead, keratinized cells are present. In terrestrial vertebrates the epidermis often forms an outer keratinized or cornified layer, the stratum corneum. Interaction between the epideris and dermis gives rise to feathers (birds), hair and mammary glands (mammals), teeth and scales (placoid: chondrichthyans; cosmoids, ganoid, cycloid in bony fishes). epidermal epidermis relationship loss: subclass external integument structures (AAO:0000961)[AAO] skin uberon vertebrate epidermis respiratory system AAO:0000541 Atmungssystem BTO:0000203 CALOHA:TS-1319 EFO:0000804 EHDAA2:0001604 EHDAA:2203 EMAPA:16727 EV:0100036 FMA:7158 Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. GAID:78 MA:0000327 MAT:0000030 MESH:D012137 MIAA:0000030 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000272 The anatomical system in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and its environment.[AAO] There is no doubt that the primitive pattern of vertebrate air-breathing is the buccal pulse pump found in actinopterygian fishes.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001004 UMLS:C0035237 VHOG:0000202 XAO:0000117 ZFA:0000272 apparatus respiratorius apparatus respiratorius respiratory system systema respiratorium uberon respiratory airway An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. FMA:265130 This class generically groups trachea and analagous structures throughout metazoa. Consider renaming, as the term could be taken to mean lumen of tracheal system (e.g. in SNOMED). As a grouping class this is quite vague, as it is not clear where the airway begins and ends UBERON:0001005 airway airways uberon digestive system AAO:0000129 An anatomical system consisting of the alimentary canal and digestive glands responsible for intake, absorption, digestion and excretion of food.[AAO] Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. BILA:0000082 BTO:0000058 CALOHA:TS-1293 EFO:0000793 EV:0100056 FBbt:00005055 FMA:7152 GAID:278 MA:0002431 MAT:0000018 MESH:D004064 MIAA:0000018 TADS:0000170 TAO:0000339 UBERON:0001007 WBbt:0005748 XAO:0000125 ZFA:0000339 alimentary system alimentary tract digestive galen:DigestiveSystem gastrointestinal system gut many anatomy ontologies consider gastrointestinal system synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class ncithesaurus:Digestive_System uberon renal system AAO:0010257 An anatomical system which consists of organs and tissues which produce, store, and excrete urine.[AAO] BILA:0000015 BTO:0001244 BTO:0003092 CALOHA:TS-1323 EFO:0000803 EHDAA2:0001601 EHDAA:5901 EMAPA:17366 EV:0100095 Evolution of vertebrate renal anatomy appears quite conservative when compared, for example, to evolution of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in vertebrates. Major anatomical changes in vertebrates kidneys separate those of birds and mammals from kidneys of lower vertebrates. General increase in animal size from fish to mammals is reflected by an increase in total number of nephrons per kidney, rather than by constant change in tubular dimensions.[well established][VHOG] FBbt:00005056 FMA:7159 GAID:391 In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels In various sources such as Encyclopedia Britannica, the excretory and urinary systems are indeed the same system (see wikipedia talk page); we merge two BTO classes here MA:0000325 MAT:0000027 MESH:D014551 MIAA:0000027 TADS:0000162 TAO:0000163 The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products.. This definition is inclusive of the organs of the vertebrate renal system, as well as the Malpighian tubules of insects, and allows for future incorporation of structures such as the antennal glands of crustaceans UBERON:0001008 UMLS:C1508753 VHOG:0000723 WBbt:0005736 XAO:0000143 ZFA:0000163 excretory system galen:UrinaryTract renal or urinary system renal system renal/urinary system systema urinaria systema urinarium uberon urinary system urinary tract circulatory system AAO:0000959 Anatomical system of ion binding, a pumping mechanism, and an efficient vascular system; consisting of the blood, heart, and blood and lymph vessels, respectively.[AAO] CALOHA:TS-2103 FBbt:00005057 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001009 VHOG:0001248 We should divest ourselves of the view that earlier vertebrate groups were 'on their way' to becoming mammals, as clearly they were not such visionaries. Neither were their systems 'imperfect' as earlier anatomists thought. Instead, their circulatory systems served them well to address the ecological demands arising from their lifestyles.[well established][VHOG] organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. systema cardiovasculare the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system are parts of the circulatory system uberon adipose tissue AAO:0000001 AEO:000020 Adipose tissue is unique to vertebrates. It is found in mostmammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and a variety is found in some species of fish. Furthermore, in insects the fat body found in larvae as well as in adults shares some homology with adipose tissue.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0001487 CALOHA:TS-0013 Connective tissue in which fat is stored.[TAO] EFO:0000790 EHDAA2:0003120 EMAPA:35112 EV:0100381 FMA:20110 GAID:920 In humans, adipose tissue is located beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose tissue is found in specific locations, which are referred to as adipose depots. Adipose tissue contains several cell types, with the highest percentage of cells being adipocytes, which contain fat droplets. Other cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Adipose tissue contains many small blood vessels.; Mice have eight major adipose depots, four of which are within the abdominal cavity. The paired gonadal depots are attached to the uterus and ovaries in females and the epididymis and testes in males; the paired retroperitoneal depots are found along the dorsal wall of the abdomen, surrounding the kidney, and, when massive, extend into the pelvis. The mesenteric depot forms a glue-like web that supports the intestines, and the omental depot, which originates near the stomach and spleen, and, when massive, extends into the ventral abdomen. MA:0000009 MAT:0000015 MESH:D000273 MIAA:0000015 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjc_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue TAO:0002134 Tissue that contains adipocytes, used for cushioning, thermal insulation, lubrication (primarily in the pericardium) and energy storage.[AAO] UBERON:0001013 UMLS:C0001527 VHOG:0001284 XAO:0003049 ZFA:0005345 adipose adipose bodyfat fat fat tissue fatty depot fatty tissue galen:FattyTissue in FMA this is dense irregular connective tissue relationship loss: subclass connective tissue proper (AAO:0000099)[AAO] uberon musculature A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. AAO:0011066 BTO:0000887 EFO:0001949 EMAPA:32715 EMAPA:35577 FMA:32558 In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. MA:0000165 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000548 UBERON:0001015 UMLS:C0026845 VSAO:0005038 WBbt:0005737 ZFA:0000548 muscle group muscle system muscles muscles set musculature musculature system musculi set of muscles set of skeletal muscles uberon nervous system A regulatory system of the body that consists of neurons and neuroglial cells. The nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] AAO:0000324 Anatomical system consisting of nerve bodies and nerve fibers which regulate the response of the body to external and internal stimuli.[AAO] BILA:0000079 BTO:0001484 CALOHA:TS-1313 EFO:0000802 EHDAA2:0001246 EHDAA:826 EMAPA:16469 EV:0100162 FBbt:00005093 FMA:7157 GAID:466 MA:0000016 MAT:0000026 MESH:D009420 MIAA:0000026 Nervous systems evolved in the ancestor of Eumetazoa.[well established][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rvViT_pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000396 The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. UBERON:0001016 UMLS:C0027763 VHOG:0000402 WBbt:0005735 XAO:0000177 ZFA:0000396 nerve net nervous neural neurological system systema nervosum uberon central nervous system (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2); Taken together, our data make a very strong case that the complex molecular mediolateral architecture of the developing trunk CNS (central nervous system), as shared between Platynereis and vertebrates, was already present in their last common ancestor, Urbilateria. The concept of bilaterian nervous system centralization implies that neuron types concentrate on one side of the trunk, as is the case in vertebrates and many invertebrates including Platynereis, where they segregate and become spatially organized (as opposed to a diffuse nerve net). Our data reveal that a large part of the spatial organization of the annelid and vertebrate CNS was already present in their last common ancestor, which implies that Urbilateria had already possessed a CNS (reference 3).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000090 BAMS:CNS BILA:0000080 BTO:0000227 CALOHA:TS-0150 CNS EFO:0000908 EHDAA2:0000225 EHDAA:828 EMAPA:16470 EMAPA:16754 EV:0100163 FBbt:00005094 FMA:55675 GAID:570 MA:0000167 MAT:0000457 MESH:D002490 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYt3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord.[AAO] TAO:0000012 The brain and spinal cord. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina (CUMBO). The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. UBERON:0001017 UMLS:C0927232 VHOG:0000293 XAO:0000215 ZFA:0000012 cerebrospinal axis neuraxis systema nervosum centrale uberon nerve fasciculus A slender neuron projection bundle[FBbt]; A bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve (American Heritage Dictionary 4th ed). BTO:0002191 EMAPA:36605 FBbt:00005101 FMA:12235 TGMA:0000088 UBERON:0001019 UMLS:C1185741 fascicle fasciculus nerve bundle nerve fasciculus nerve fiber tract neural fasciculus note FBbt class not disjoint from tract. Consider merging with 'neuron projection bundle' uberon nerve A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] AAO:0011070 AEO:0000137 An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. BAMS:n BSA:0000098 BTO:0000925 BTO:0001027 CALOHA:TS-0772 EHDAA2:0003137 EHDAA:2851 EHDAA:3776 EHDAA:4657 EMAPA:32808 EMAPA:32815 EV:0100371 FBbt:00005105 FMA:65132 FMA:65239 GAID:747 GAID:758 MA:0000217 MA:0000228 MESH:D010525 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3lkpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0007009 UBERON:0001021 UMLS:C0027740 UMLS:C0031119 VHOG:0000901 XAO:0000204 XAO:0003047 ZFA:0007009 galen:Nerve nerves nervous neural subtree peripheral nerve uberon sensory system AAO:0000555 An early step in the evolution of neural crest, therefore, may have been the origin of a specific dorsal neural cell population contributing to sensory processing; this would predate the divergence of the amphioxus and vertebrate lineages.[well established][VHOG] Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. BAMS:SEN BILA:0000099 EFO:0000805 EHDAA2:0003094 EMAPA:16192 FBbt:00005827 FMA:75259 MA:0002442 MAT:0000031 MIAA:0000031 TAO:0000282 UBERON:0001032 VHOG:0001674 XAO:0003194 ZFA:0000282 note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs organa sensuum organa sensuum sense organ subsystem sense organs sense organs set sensory organ system sensory subsystem sensory systems set of sense organs uberon gustatory system AAO:0010577 BILA:0000143 EFO:0000830 FMA:7194 MA:0002446 MAT:0000275 MIAA:0000275 TAO:0001101 The sensory system for the sense of taste. The sensory system for the sense of taste[NIFSTD:nlx_anat_090803]. The sensory system used for the sense of taste.[AAO] UBERON:0001033 XAO:0003197 ZFA:0001101 gustatory gustatory organ system in ZFA and MA this is a subtype of sensory system. we should change sensory system to disambiguate parts and wholes taste system uberon foregut AAO:0011042 Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. BILA:0000085 BTO:0000507 EHDAA2:0000557 EHDAA:520 EMAPA:16548 FBbt:00005379 FMA:45616 MA:0001526 Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. In vertebrates the term may refer to a developmental structure TGMA:0001014 The anterior portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo that lies cephalic to the junction of the yolk stalk, consists of endodermal tissue, and gives rise to the the pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, duodenum proximal to the biliary tract, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, and gall bladder. The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001041 UMLS:C0231051 VHOG:0000285 XAO:0000232 praeenteron proenteron uberon chordate pharynx (...) the earliest vertebrates possessed unjointed internal and external branchial arches, and musculature encircling the pharynx.[well established][VHOG] A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNYX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx)[MESH:A03.867]. A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. AAO:0000967 Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.[AAO] BTO:0001049 CALOHA:TS-0785 Consider generalizing to deuterostome pharynx EFO:0000836 EHDAA2:0001458 EHDAA:2947 EMAPA:16706 EV:0100065 FMA:46688 GAID:155 MA/FMA pharynx not part of digestive/alimentary system, we are consistent with this scheme MA:0000432 MESH:A03.867 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Swollen region of the anterior foregut, posterior to the mouth and anterior to the liver; its walls form the jaws and gills[ZFA:0000056, ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. TAO:0000056 The portion of the alimentary canal between the mouth and the oesophagus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0001042 UMLS:C0031354 VHOG:0000462 XAO:0003227 ZFA:0000056 galen:Pharynx pharynx relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: develops_from respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] relationship type change: part_of_proxy respiratory system (AAO:0000541) CHANGED TO: part_of respiratory system (UBERON:0001004)[AAO] uberon esophagus AAO:0000145 ANISEED:1235301 Anterior end of the alimentary canal lined with smooth muscle. Bounded anteriorly by a constriction in the pharynx. Bounded posteriorly by and increase in circular and/or longitudinal smooth muscle associated with the stomach.[AAO] BTO:0000959 CALOHA:TS-0700 EFO:0000835 EHDAA2:0001285 EHDAA:2937 EMAPA:16833 EV:0100069 FMA:7131 GAID:291 MA:0000352 MAT:0000048 MESH:A03.365 MIAA:0000048 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj9Q5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000204 The few structural specializations in (adult lampreys) pharynx include complex valves on the external gill openings that direct the tidal flow, and the division of the ancestral pharynx into an oesophagus and a respiratory pharynx.[well established][VHOG] Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). UBERON:0001043 UMLS:C0014876 VHOG:0000450 XAO:0000127 ZFA:0000204 esophageal esophagus NOT part of gut in MA. part of gut in ZFA. part_of gut (via UGIT) in FMA. Consider splitting. Interspecies: The human oesophagus is 25 cm long and has a diameter of ca. 2 cm. Only little information was found on the oesophagus in rat, rabbit and pig. The oesophagus of rat (75 x 2 mm) and rabbit has no mucous glands and the cardia of the stomach has a well-developed sphincter, which prevents them from vomiting (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988; Manning et al., 1994). Morphologically the oesophagus is similar in man and pig; both are omnivores and have a non-keratinised epithelium, submucous glands and similar membrane enzymes. Like in humans, pigs can suffer from reflux oesophagitis and stress ulceration of the oesophagus. The pig oesophagus may therefore be a good model for investigation compared to the human oesophagus (Christie et al., 1995) galen:Esophagus gullet oesophagus uberon saliva-secreting gland A gland that produces the saliva. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-25, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] BTO:0001203 CALOHA:TS-0892 EFO:0000859 EHDAA2:0001775 EHDAA:7987 EMAPA:17751 EV:0100059 FBbt:00005382 FMA:9597 GAID:937 In air-feeding animals, the lack of water column to lubricate the food has been compensated for by the evolution of the salivary glands. These glands are present only in amniotes and are controlled by the parasympathetic system.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000346 MAT:0000079 MESH:D012469 MIAA:0000079 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjl5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose. In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research. The salivary glands of some species are modified to produce enzymes; salivary amylase is found in many, but by no means all, bird and mammal species (including humans, as noted above). Furthermore, the venom glands of poisonous snakes, Gila monsters, and some shrews, are modified salivary glands UBERON:0001044 UMLS:C0036098 VHOG:0000376 currently we define saliva and salivary glands very generally in functional terms but it may be more appropriate to split this class. From WP: In most vertebrates, saliva does not contain any enzymes, consisting of mucus and water only, and its primary function is to moisten food while eating. As a result, true salivary glands are rarely found in fish or aquatic tetrapods, although there are often individual mucus-secreting cells. Amphibians have a single salivary gland, the intermaxillary gland, located in the forward part of the palate. Reptiles and birds normally have only very small glands on the lips, palate, and base of the mouth, although there are some birds with large glands, which produce a sticky saliva that helps in nest-building. The distinct parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are only developed in mammals. galen:SalivaryGland glandulae salivariae saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO] salivary gland uberon midgut BILA:0000086 BTO:0000863 EFO:0001950 EHDAA2:0001185 EHDAA:983 EMAPA:16255 FBbt:00005383 FMA:45617 In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon MA:0001564 Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future. We may explicitly make this a developmental class TGMA:0001036 The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001045 UMLS:C0231052 VHOG:0000290 XAO:0000103 in FMA this represents an embryonic region. mesenteron uberon hindgut AAO:0011052 BILA:0000087 BTO:0000510 EHDAA2:0000779 EHDAA:975 EMAPA:16715 FBbt:00005384 FMA:45618 MA:0001527 Note we define this generically to include invertebrates (partly for consistency with GO), but the class may be split in future (vertebrates have some contribution from NC - https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest). We may explicitly make this a developmental class TGMA:0001020 The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. UBERON:0001046 UMLS:C0231053 VHOG:0000459 XAO:0000104 in FMA this class has no children. In MA it has a single child hindgut epithelium metenteron the caudal portion of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo uberon primordium AEO:0000171 BTO:0001886 EFO:0001652 EHDAA2:0003171 FBbt:00005495 FMA:86589 MAT:0000482 Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. UBERON:0001048 UMLS:C0678727 XAO:0003043 bud future organ placode primordia rudiment uberon neural tube (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010617 BTO:0001057 CALOHA:TS-2371 DHBA:10154 EHDAA2:0001254 EHDAA:2869 EHDAA:908 EMAPA:16164 EMAPA:16530 EMAPA:16757 FMA:293882 Hollow epithelial tube on dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the central nervous system.[AAO] In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. MAT:0000069 MIAA:0000069 TAO:0001135 The dorsal tubular structure in the vertebrate embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord. [TFD][VHOG] The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium UBERON:0001049 UMLS:C0231024 VHOG:0000307 XAO:0003204 ZFA:0001135 neural primordium presumptive central nervous system tubus neuralis uberon rectum AAO:0010401 BTO:0001158 CALOHA:TS-1180 EFO:0000848 EHDAA2:0001592 EHDAA:5836 EMAPA:17896 EV:0100081 FMA:14544 GAID:311 In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html MA:0000336 MAT:0000050 MESH:A03.492.411.495.767 MIAA:0000050 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The terminal portion of the large intestine between the ileo-pelvic colon and the anus. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0001052 UMLS:C0034896 VHOG:0001751 XAO:0000238 galen:Rectum intestinum rectum rectal rectal sac terminal portion of intestine terminal portion of large intestine the terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus uberon anatomical entity AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BILA:0000000 Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FBbt:10000000 FBbt_root:00000000 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 UBERON:0001062 UMLS:C1515976 XAO:0000000 ZFA:0100000 uberon ventral pancreatic duct A duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in digestion provided by the exocrine pancreas. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. BTO:0002362 EHDAA2:0001396 EHDAA:6905 EMAPA:17510 FMA:16003 GAID:337 MA:0000126 MESH:D010183 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002177 These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] UBERON:0001064 UBERON:0005627 UMLS:C0030288 Upon reaching its final destination, the ventral pancreatic bud fuses with the much larger dorsal pancreatic bud. At this point of fusion, the main ducts of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds fuse, forming the duct of Wirsung, the main pancreatic duct. VHOG:0000256 canal of Wirsung chief pancreatic duct duct of Wirsung ductus pancreatis ventralis hepaticopancreatic duct in EHDAA2 this is an epithelium, in FMA the wall consists of epithelium and connective tissue main pancreatic duct pancreatic duct uberon posterior vena cava A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart. AAO:0011083 BTO:0002682 EHDAA2:0000611 EMAPA:18416 FMA:10951 GAID:548 MA:0000480 MESH:D014682 Phylogenetic modifications within this basic pattern of arteries and veins are largely correlated with functional changes. In the transition from water to land, gills gave way to lungs, accompanied by the establishment of a pulmonary circulation. In some fishes and certainly in tetrapods, the cardinal veins become less involved in blood return. Instead, the composite, prominent postcava (posterior vena cava) arose to drain the posterior part of the body and the precava (anterior vena cava) developed to drain the anterior part of the body.[well established][VHOG] Trunk of systemic vein which is formed by the union of the right common iliac vein and the left common iliac vein and terminates in the right atrium[FMA]. UBERON:0001072 UMLS:C0042458 VHOG:0001194 XAO:0000388 caudal vena cava galen:InferiorVenaCava inferior caval vein inferior vena cava postcava posterior vena cava uberon vena cava inferior skin of head A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:12166 FMA:24756 MA:0000582 TODO - distinguish between entire skin of region and arbitrary zone of skin on region UBERON:0001084 UMLS:C0205029 adult head zone of skin head skin head zone of skin uberon zone of skin of adult head zone of skin of head urine BTO:0001419 CALOHA:TS-1092 EFO:0001939 EMAPA:36554 ENVO:00002047 Excretion that is the output of a kidney FMA:12274 GAID:1189 MA:0002545 MAT:0000058 MESH:D014556 MIAA:0000058 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001088 UMLS:C0042036 galen:Urine kidney excreta from some taxa (e.g. in aves) may not be liquid uberon synovial fluid BTO:0001339 CALOHA:TS-0996 ENVO:02000039 FMA:12277 GAID:265 MA:0002544 MESH:D013582 Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the space in synovial joints.[TAO] TAO:0005154 Transudate contained in the synovial cavity of joints, and in the cavity of tendon sheaths and bursae. UBERON:0001090 UMLS:C0039097 ZFA:0005154 galen:SynovialFluid joint fluid uberon diaphragm A thin musculomebranous barrier that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Often used for breathing control BTO:0000341 CALOHA:TS-0198 EFO:0000937 EHDAA2:0003495 EMAPA:17701 EV:0100376 FMA:13295 GAID:158 MA:0001904 MAT:0000502 MESH:D003964 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVivz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO]. The existence of some membrane separating the pharynx from the stomach can be traced widely among the chordates. Thus amphioxus possesses an atrium by which water exits the pharynx, which has been argued (and disputed) to be homologous to structures in ascidians and hagfishes.[3] The mammals are characterized by a diaphragm, which separates the thoracic portion of the body cavity from the abdominal region and assists in drawing air into the lungs and forcing it out. Modern reptiles lack a muscular diaphragm and it is reasonable to suppose that the diaphragm developed as a new device that made possible a large degree of oxygen intake for active animals. The change may have taken place during the transition from reptile to mammal (...).[well established][VHOG] The urochordate epicardium separates digestive organs from the pharynx and heart, but the anus returns to the upper compartment to discharge wastes through an outgoing siphon (Thoracic_diaphragm#Comparative_anatomy_and_evolution) UBERON:0001103 UMLS:C0011980 VHOG:0000713 barrier between thoracic and abdominal cavities; stop gastric contents from refluxing into the oesophagus breathing control diaphragm muscle diaphragm of thorax midriff originate from the cervical somites, likely C3-C5[PMID:23586979] phren phrenic thoracic diaphragm uberon lobe of liver EMAPA:18306 FMA:13361 MA:0000360 Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. UBERON:0001113 UMLS:C0447541 hepatic lobe liver lobe lobus hepatis some work needs to be done to ensure the child terms of this class have correct isa/partof placement. in MA they are subclasses, in FMA they are parts uberon right lobe of liver 2nd lobe EHDAA2:0001008 EHDAA:4001 EMAPA:18311 FMA:13362 MA:0000363 Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's right side adjacent to the gall bladder.[TAO] TAO:0005173 The right lobe is much larger than the left; the proportion between them being as six to one. It occupies the right hypochondrium, and is separated from the left lobe on its upper surface by the falciform ligament; on its under and posterior surfaces by the left sagittal fossa; and in front by the umbilical notch. It is of a somewhat quadrilateral form, its under and posterior surfaces being marked by three fossæ: the porta and the fossæ for the gall-bladder and inferior vena cava, which separate its left part into two smaller lobes; the quadrate and caudate lobes. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001114 UMLS:C0227481 VHOG:0001424 ZFA:0005173 gall bladder lobe liver right lobe lobus hepaticus dexter lobus hepatis dexter right hepatic lobe right liver lobe second lobe uberon left lobe of liver EHDAA2:0001000 EHDAA:3995 EMAPA:18307 FMA:13363 MA:0000361 Portion of the liver which develops on the fish's left side.[TAO] TAO:0005172 The left lobe is smaller and more flattened than the right. It is situated in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions. Its upper surface is slightly convex and is moulded on to the diaphragm; its under surface presents the gastric impression and omental tuberosity. [WP,unvetted]. This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies UBERON:0001115 UMLS:C0227486 VHOG:0001423 ZFA:0005172 left hepatic lobe left liver lobe liver left lobe lobus hepaticus sinister lobus hepatis sinister uberon parathyroid gland AAO:0010545 Any one of several small structures, usually four, attached to the dorsal surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland. [TFD][VHOG] BTO:0000997 CALOHA:TS-0745 EFO:0000862 EMAPA:32812 EV:0100134 Either of the two pairs of small, spherical, encapsulated glands which develop from ventral growths of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and are closely associated with the external jugular veins. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are secreted by these glands.[AAO] FMA:13890 GAID:452 In humans and chick it emerges from pouches 3 and 4, but in mice it is exclusively generated by the third pouch MA:0000128 MAT:0000082 MESH:D010280 MIAA:0000082 Parathyroid glands are found in all adult tetrapods, although they vary in their number, and in their exact position. Mammals typically have four parathyroids, while other groups typically have six. Fish do not possess parathyroid glands, although the ultimobranchial glands, which are found close to the oesophagus, may have a similar function and could even be homologous with the tetrapod parathyroids. Even these glands are absent in the most primitive vertebrates, the jawless fish, but as these species have no bone in their skeletons, only cartilage, it may be that they have less need to regulate calcium metabolism. The conserved homology of genes and calcium-sensing receptors in fish gills with those in the parathryroid glands of birds and mammals is recognized by evolutionary developmental biology as evolution-using genes and gene networks in novel ways to generate new structures with some similar functions and novel functions[WP] The evolution of the tetrapods, and the shift from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment, was believed to have required new controls for regulating calcium homeostasis, and thus the evolution of parathyroid glands (...) both the tetrapod parathyroid and the gills of fish contribute to the regulation of extracellular calcium levels. It is therefore reasonable to suggest that the parathyroid gland evolved as a result of the transformation of the gills into the parathyroid glands of tetrapods and the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. This interpretation would also explain the positioning of the parathyroid gland within the pharynx in the tetrapod body. Were the parathyroid gland to have emerged de novo with the evolution of the tetrapods it could, as an endocrine organ, have been placed anywhere in the body and still exert its effect.[well established][VHOG] The parathyroid gland is an endocrine gland for secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually found as a pair, embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphorous metabolism. UBERON:0001132 UMLS:C0030518 VHOG:0001188 XAO:0000167 epithelial body parathyroid parathyroid secreting cell table 13.1 of Kardong is used to create the taxon-specific developmental relationships here, although some omissions are made for simplicity. uberon cardiac muscle tissue AAO:0010245 AEO:0000142 BILA:0000134 BTO:0000199 CALOHA:TS-0440 EHDAA2:0003142 EMAPA:32688 FMA:14068 Muscle tissue composed of cardiac muscle cells, forming the muscles of the heart[ZFA,modified]. TAO:0005280 UBERON:0001133 UBERON:0007096 ZFA:0005280 cardiac muscle cardiac muscle muscle tissue cardiac muscle textus muscularis cardiac musculature check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class 'cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium'. Check ncit galen:CardiacMuscle galen:CardiacMuscleTissue heart muscle muscle tissue heart muscle textus muscularis heart myocardium muscle tissue heart myocardium textus muscularis muscle of heart muscle tissue muscle of heart textus muscularis muscle tissue of cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart muscle muscle tissue of heart myocardium muscle tissue of muscle of heart muscle tissue of myocardium myocardium muscle tissue myocardium textus muscularis ncithesaurus:Heart_Muscle textus muscularis of cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart muscle textus muscularis of heart myocardium textus muscularis of muscle of heart textus muscularis of myocardium uberon skeletal muscle tissue EMAPA:32716 FMA:14069 MA:0002439 Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. Muscle, composed of long cylindrical, multinucleated cells that attaches to the skeleton via tendons.[TAO] TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Todo - group FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle. This result implies the following views in terms of evolutionary differentiation: (1) Arthropod striated muscle and vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles share a common ancestor. In other words, they did not evolve independently (...) (5) The divergence of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles/vertebrate smooth muscle and nonmuscle is at least before that of vertebrates/arthropods. In other words, emergence of skeletal and cardiac musle type tissues preceded the vertebrate/arthropod divergence (ca. 700 MYA).[well established][VHOG] Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA] UBERON:0001134 UMLS:C0242692 skeletal muscle skeletal muscle system somatic muscle uberon smooth muscle tissue (...) the first bilateral animals possessed only smooth muscles with the molecular repertoire necessary to build a striated muscle. (...) it is more parsimonious to regard striated muscle cells as a sister cell type to the smooth muscle cells. In this scenario, striated and smooth muscles would have arisen in the stem lineage that led to the Nephrozoa (i.e. all Bilateria exclusive the acoelomorphs) (Hejnol et al., 2009), from an 'acoel-like' smooth muscle, by segregation and divergence of functions and through differential recruitment of additional genes[well established][VHOG] A non-striated muscle that is composed of spindle-shaped cells. Smooth muscle usually is organized into sheets that line cavitated organs.[TAO] AAO:0010244 AEO:0000141 BTO:0001260 CALOHA:TS-0943 EFO:0000889 EHDAA2:0003141 EMAPA:32717 EV:0100378 FBbt:00003525 FMA:14070 GAID:167 GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably. However visceral can also be used in the sense of the viscera. Many fly annotations to smooth muscle terms. If we want to be inclusive of insects have to have a general definition of tissue that includes cells. Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers.[AAO] MA:0000166 MAT:0000303 MESH:D009130 MIAA:0000303 Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. OpenCyc:Mx4rvvSS3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005274 UBERON:0001135 UMLS:C1267092 VHOG:0001246 WBbt:0005781 XAO:0000175 ZFA:0005274 galen:SmoothMuscle galen:SmoothMuscleTissue involuntary muscle non-striated muscle smooth muscle textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus textus muscularis nonstriatus uberon visceral muscle visceral muscle tissue mesothelium AEO:0000111 BTO:0002422 CALOHA:TS-1183 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003111 EHDAA:2331 EHDAA:2349 EHDAA:295 EHDAA:6073 EHDAA:640 EHDAA:646 EMAPA:32856 FMA:14074 MA:0000565 Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum[FMA]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). UBERON:0001136 UMLS:C0086610 uberon dorsum A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. BTO:0001713 CALOHA:TS-2223 EFO:0001405 FMA:14181 GAID:30 In humans, called the back, a large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body MESH:A01.176 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkEU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001137 UMLS:C0004600 back back of body proper dorsal dorsal part of organism galen:Back uberon cystic duct Duct that connects the gall bladder and the common bile duct.[TAO] EHDAA2:0000333 EHDAA:3045 EMAPA:16841 FMA:14539 GAID:290 MA:0000355 MESH:A03.159.183.419 OpenCyc:Mx4rveBeC5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005166 The duct of the gallbladder which joins the common hepatic duct, thus forming the common biliary duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0001152 UMLS:C0010672 VHOG:0000213 ZFA:0005166 ductus cysticus galen:CysticDuct the tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct uberon caecum A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes. Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the vermiform appendix. Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[2] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[3] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates. A pouch in the digestive tract that connects the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. BTO:0000166 CALOHA:TS-0122 EFO:0000850 EHDAA2:0000206 EHDAA:3913 EMAPA:35197 EV:0100397 FMA:14541 GAID:307 Kardong: in some herbivorous lizards, a cecum is present between small and large intestines MA:0000334 MESH:A03.492.411.495.209 MIAA:0000288 OpenCyc:Mx4rve6u4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001153 UMLS:C0007531 VHOG:0001559 blind intestine blindgut caeca caecal caecum ceca cecum galen:Cecum intestinum caecum intestinum crassum caecum intestinum crassum cecum uberon vermiform appendix A blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops embryologically[WP]. A comparative anatomical approach reveals three apparent morphotypes of the cecal appendix, as well as appendix-like structures in some species that lack a true cecal appendix. Cladistic analyses indicate that the appendix has evolved independently at least twice (at least once in diprotodont marsupials and at least once in Euarchontoglires), shows a highly significant (P < 0.0001) phylogenetic signal in its distribution, and has been maintained in mammalian evolution for 80 million years or longer.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0000084 CALOHA:TS-1267 EFO:0000849 EHDAA2:0000588 EMAPA:35140 EV:0100076 EV:0100080 FMA:14542 GAID:308 MA:0001540 MAT:0000287 MESH:A03.492.411.495.209.290 MIAA:0000287 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGgJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the cecum and distally terminates in the tip of the appendix. Examples: There is only one appendix[FMA:14542]. UBERON:0001154 UMLS:C0003617 VHOG:0001306 apex of caecum apex of cecum appendiceal appendix appendix vermiformis appendix vermiformis caecal appendix cecal appendix galen:AppendixVermiformis uberon vermix colon AAO:0010400 Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] BTO:0000269 CALOHA:TS-0158 EFO:0000361 EMAPA:18939 EV:0100079 FMA:14543 GAID:309 In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP] In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates[ZFIN] Last portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. MA:0000335 MAP:0000001 MAT:0000526 MESH:A03.492.411.495.356 OpenCyc:Mx4rvgLEM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000706 TODO - abstract this such that it legitimately covers all vertebrates The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.[AAO] The posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] UBERON:0001155 UMLS:C0009368 VHOG:0000648 XAO:0000243 ZFA:0000706 colonic galen:Colon hindgut it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] large bowel posterior intestine uberon ascending colon BTO:0000270 CALOHA:TS-0057 EFO:0000843 EMAPA:35151 FMA:14545 MA:0001541 MAT:0000311 MIAA:0000311 OpenCyc:Mx4rv3H0FZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Section of colon which is distal to the cecum and proximal to the transversecolon.[FMA,modified] UBERON:0001156 UMLS:C0227375 colon ascendens galen:AscendingColon in MA, this is a subclass of colon spiral colon uberon transverse colon BTO:0000272 CALOHA:TS-2052 EFO:0000844 EMAPA:35880 FMA:14546 MA:0001543 MAT:0000312 MIAA:0000312 OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7qyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon[BTO,modified]. UBERON:0001157 UMLS:C0227386 colon transversum galen:TransverseColon uberon descending colon BTO:0000641 CALOHA:TS-2010 EFO:0000845 EMAPA:35285 FMA:14547 MA:0001542 MAT:0000313 MIAA:0000313 OpenCyc:Mx4rwHsNhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon. UBERON:0001158 UMLS:C0227389 colon descendens galen:DescendingColon uberon sigmoid colon BTO:0000645 CALOHA:TS-2044 EFO:0000846 EMAPA:36391 FMA:14548 MAT:0000314 MESH:A03.492.411.495.356.668 MIAA:0000314 OpenCyc:Mx4rwHX_-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. UBERON:0001159 UMLS:C0227391 UMLS:C0682612 colon sigmoideum galen:SigmoidColon pelvic colon sigmoid colon sigmoid flexure uberon body of stomach BTO:0000505 EMAPA:35810 FMA:14560 MA:0002559 The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. UBERON:0001161 UMLS:C0227230 corpus gastricum corpus gastricum (ventriculare) corpus ventriculare corpus ventriculi galen:GastricCorpus gastric body gastric corpus stomach body uberon we include this as zone of stomach even though it is not distinguished by gland type pyloric antrum BTO:0001732 EFO:0002555 EMAPA:17891 FMA:14579 GAID:332 MA:0001624 MESH:A03.492.766.716 UBERON:0001165 UMLS:C0034193 antrum antrum of Willis antrum of stomach antrum pylori antrum pyloricum galen:PyloricAntrum gastric antrum stomach antrum stomach pyloric antrum the area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells uberon pylorus Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] BTO:0001146 EHDAA2:0001580 EHDAA:4860 EMAPA:17631 FMA:14581 GAID:333 MA:0002560 MESH:A03.492.766.799 The orifice which allows the passage from the stomach into the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0001166 UMLS:C0034196 VHOG:0000420 We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by glands galen:Pylorus pars pylorica pars pylorica gastricae pyloric pyloric part of stomach pyloric region stomach pyloric region the stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum uberon valvula pylori wall of stomach EMAPA:35826 FMA:14582 MA:0002692 UBERON:0001167 anatomical wall of stomach anatomical wall of ventriculus galen:WallOfStomach gastric wall stomach anatomical wall stomach wall the layered structure that makes up the stomach, typiclly consists of a serous coat, a muscular coat, a mucous membrane, and other tissue layers in between uberon ventriculus anatomical wall ventriculus wall wall of ventriculus wall of small intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35785 FMA:14615 MA:0002696 UBERON:0001168 UMLS:C1519375 anatomical wall of small bowel anatomical wall of small intestine small bowel anatomical wall small bowel wall small intestinal wall small intestine anatomical wall small intestine wall uberon wall of small bowel portal lobule FMA:14653 MA:0002498 The triangular region on the periphery of the liver lobules that contain a bile duct and a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel. UBERON:0001171 UMLS:C0682620 uberon hepatic acinus EMAPA:35497 FMA:14654 MA:0002496 The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids. UBERON:0001172 UMLS:C0227519 liver acinus portal acinus uberon biliary tree A complex network of conduits that begins with the canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) and progressively merges into a system of interlobular, septal, and major ducts which then coalesce to form the extrahepatic bile ducts, which finally deliver bile to the intestine, and in some species to the gallbladder. AAO:0011020 EMAPA:35172 FMA:14665 Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.[AAO] The path in many species is as follows: Bile canaliculi -> Canals of Hering (intralobar bile duct) -> interlobular bile ducts -> intrahepatic bile ducts -> left and right hepatic ducts merge to form -> common hepatic duct *exits liver* and joins -> cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming -> common bile duct -> joins with pancreatic duct -> forming ampulla of Vater -> enters duodenum [WP] UBERON:0001173 UMLS:C0005423 XAO:0000455 biliary tract uberon common bile duct Digestive system duct that collects bile from the hepatic bile duct and the cystic duct.[TAO] EHDAA2:0000303 EHDAA:3981 EMAPA:17201 FMA:14667 GAID:282 MA:0001631 MESH:D003135 TAO:0005165 The duct formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts. [Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, adapted_from_Dorian_AF][VHOG] UBERON:0001174 UMLS:C0009437 VHOG:0000214 ZFA:0005165 ductus choledochus ductus choledochus (biliaris) galen:CommonBileDuct the part of the biliary tree formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct uberon common hepatic duct EMAPA:19101 FMA:14668 GAID:286 MA:0002660 MESH:D006500 Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct[GAID]. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct[WP]. TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same. Common is part of extra-hepatic part The duct which conveys the bile from the liver and unites with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0001175 UMLS:C0019149 VHOG:0000220 ductus hepaticus communis hepatic duct uberon right hepatic duct EHDAA2:0001727 EHDAA:3992 EMAPA:32797 FMA:14669 MA:0001639 The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. The duct which drains bile from the right half of the liver and unites with the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] UBERON:0001176 UMLS:C0227557 VHOG:0000217 ductus hepaticus dexter uberon left hepatic duct EHDAA2:0000941 EHDAA:3990 EMAPA:32795 FMA:14670 MA:0001638 The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. The duct which drains bile from the left half of the liver and unites with the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. [adapted_from_http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26032][VHOG] UBERON:0001177 UMLS:C0227560 VHOG:0000218 ductus hepaticus sinister uberon visceral peritoneum EMAPA:16592 FMA:14703 TAO:0005132 The inner layer of peritoneum that is wrapped around organs located inside the intraperitoneal space. UBERON:0001178 VHOG:0001528 ZFA:0005132 uberon visceral serous membrane of peritoneum peritoneal cavity Anatomical cavity bounded by visceral and parietal peritoneum BTO:0001782 EHDAA2:0001446 EMAPA:16138 FMA:14704 GAID:24 In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000054 MESH:A01.047.025.600.678 The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum, which are normally in contact. The peritoneal cavity is divided into the greater and lesser sac. The greater sac is the peritoneal cavity, and the lesser sac is the omental bursa. [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0001179 UMLS:C1704247 VHOG:0000852 cavitas peritonealis saccus serosus peritonei uberon renal artery AAO:0010223 Artery which supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys.[AAO] BTO:0001165 EFO:0002552 EHDAA2:0004100 EHDAA:5321 EHDAA:8594 EMAPA:28373 FMA:14751 GAID:507 MA:0002035 MESH:D012077 One of two laterally paired arteries that supplies the kidneys. These are large arteries that branch from the dorsal aorta in primitive vertebrates. OpenCyc:Mx4rveOFHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001600 TAO:0000420 The renal arteries normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle with the aorta. The renal arteries carry a large portion of total blood flow to the kidneys. Up to a third of total cardiac output can pass through the renal arteries to be filtered by the kidneys. The arterial supply of the kidneys is variable and there may be one or more renal arteries supplying each kidney. It is located above the renal vein. It has a radius of approximately 0.25cm, 0.26 cm at the root. The measured mean diameter can differ depending on the imaging method used. For example, the diameter was found to be 5.04 ± 0.74 mm using ultrasound, but 5.68 ± 1.19 mm using angiography. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia] UBERON:0001184 UMLS:C0035065 ZFA:0000420 arteria renalis galen:RenalArtery renal arterial tree renal arteries renal arteries vary widely even in humans. Sub-structures should be checked for taxon variability. uberon hepatic artery An artery that supplies the liver. Artery that supplies blood to the liver.[TAO] BTO:0004307 EMAPA:17859 FMA:14769 GAID:496 MA:0001963 MESH:D006499 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzKtFpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005161 UBERON:0001193 UMLS:C0019145 ZFA:0005161 arteria hepatica arteria hepatica propria currently defined in a generic fashion. galen:HepaticArtery uberon mucosa of stomach BTO:0001308 CALOHA:TS-0404 EMAPA:35817 FMA:14907 GAID:321 MA:0002683 MESH:A03.492.766.440 Magenschleimhaut OpenCyc:Mx8NhB4rvcD6KJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVj5FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae. In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked. It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended. When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0.12 to 0.25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa. There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general lining of the stomach. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Gastric_mucosa]. The mucosal layer that lines the stomach. UBERON:0001199 UMLS:C0017136 galen:GastricMucosa gastric mucosa gastric mucous membrane mucosa of organ of stomach mucosa of organ of ventriculus mucosa of ventriculus mucous membrane of stomach mucous membrane of ventriculus organ mucosa of stomach organ mucosa of ventriculus stomach mucosa stomach mucosa of organ stomach mucous membrane stomach organ mucosa tunica mucosa (gaster) tunica mucosa gastricae tunica mucosa gastris uberon ventriculus mucosa ventriculus mucosa of organ ventriculus mucous membrane ventriculus organ mucosa pyloric sphincter (...) the adult Xenopus stomach exhibits both glandular and aglandular regions and a distinct pyloric sphincter similar to that of the amniotic vertebrates (...).[uncertain][VHOG] A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]. AAO:0011093 EMAPA:19251 FMA:14916 MA:0002952 OpenCyc:Mx4rvly2ZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001202 UMLS:C0227238 VHOG:0001466 XAO:0000457 pyloric valve uberon mucosa of small intestine A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0001259 CALOHA:TS-0941 EMAPA:35780 FMA:14933 MA:0002686 UBERON:0001204 UMLS:C0227261 mucosa of organ of small bowel mucosa of organ of small intestine mucosa of small bowel mucous membrane of small bowel mucous membrane of small intestine organ mucosa of small bowel organ mucosa of small intestine small bowel mucosa small bowel mucosa of organ small bowel mucous membrane small bowel organ mucosa small intestinal mucosa small intestine mucosa small intestine mucosa of organ small intestine mucous membrane small intestine organ mucosa tunica mucosa (intestinum tenue) tunica mucosa intestini tenuis uberon renal pelvis A funnel shaped proximal portion of the ureter that is formed by convergence of the major calices [MP]. CALOHA:TS-2230 EMAPA:17948 FMA:15575 GAID:426 In this ontology, the renal pelvis is represented as the area of part-overlap between the kidney and the ureter MA:0000374 MESH:D007682 UBERON:0001224 UMLS:C0227666 galen:RenalPelvis kidney pelvis p. renallis pelvis of ureter pyelum uberon cortex of kidney BTO:0001166 CALOHA:TS-0503 EMAPA:17952 FMA:15581 GAID:424 In the adult metanephros, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections that extend down between the pyramids. It contains the renal corpuscles and the renal tubules except for parts of the loop of Henle which descend into the renal medulla. It also contains blood vessels and cortical collecting ducts. The renal cortex is the part of the kidney where ultrafiltration occurs.[WP] MA:0000372 MESH:D007672 Outer cortical portion of the kidney, between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. UBERON:0001225 UMLS:C0022655 cortex renalis galen:CortexOfKidney kidney cortex renal cortex uberon renal corpuscle A mass of arterial capillaries enveloped in a capsule and attached to a tubule in the kidney[BTO] A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated. Paired highly vascularized structures of the pronephros, responsible for blood filtration.[XAO] BTO:0000333 CALOHA:TS-1317 EMAPA:28236 EMAPA:35726 EV:0100385 FMA:15625 MA:0000376 Malpighian corpuscle TAO:0005281 The part of the nephron that filters blood.[TAO] Together, the Bowmans capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron UBERON:0001229 UMLS:C0227635 VHOG:0001262 ZFA:0005281 corpusculum renale corpusculum renis cortical renal corpuscle kidney corpuscle malphighian corpuscle malphigian corpuscle the structure containing the glomerular capsule and the glomerulus that serves as the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron uberon glomerular capsule A cup-like sac at the expanded beginning of a tubular component of a nephron that contains the glomerulus AAO:0010526 Anatomical structure found in the kidney consisting of an expanded end of a kidney tubule surrounding a glomerulus and is the major site of filtration.[AAO] BTO:0002297 Bowman's capsule Bowmans capsule EMAPA:27973 EMAPA:28257 FMA:15626 Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the Bowman's capsule and further processed along the nephron to form urine. This process is known as ultrafiltration[WP]. KUPO:0001001 MA:0001660 Mueller capsule Muellerian capsule One fold of the S-shaped body gives rise to Bowman's capsule[GUDMAP] TAO:0005254 TAO:0005310 UBERON:0001230 UMLS:C0524448 ZFA:0005254 ZFA:0005310 bowman's capsule capsula glomerularis capsula glomeruli malphigian capsule pronephric glomerular capsule renal glomerular capsule uberon collecting duct of renal tubule BTO:0000761 CALOHA:TS-0860 EMAPA:28407 EV:0100391 FMA:15628 GAID:434 MA:0000371 MESH:D007685 Renal duct that collects the output from renal tubules.[TAO] TAO:0005294 The collecting duct is a portion of the nephron through which water flows, moving passively down its concentration gradient UBERON:0001232 ZFA:0005294 arcuate renal tubule collecting duct collecting duct system collecting tubule in ISBN10:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong), the nephron is adjacent to the collecting tubule, consistent with FMA, but not GO. Wikipedia says: Many sources include the connecting tubule as part of the collecting duct system. However, the embryological origin is more similar to the nephron than it is to the rest of the collecting duct (which derives from the ureteric bud), and other sources therefore classify the connecting tubule with the nephron junctional tube kidney collecting duct kidney collecting tubule renal collecting tubule tubulus renalis arcuatus tubulus renalis colligens uberon ureteric tree adrenal cortex AAO:0011009 All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues (medulla), but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0000045 CALOHA:TS-0015 EFO:0000237 EMAPA:18427 EV:0100136 FMA:15632 GAID:447 Kardong states that mammals are the first to have distinct cortext and medulla, but this contradicts XAO MA:0000118 MAT:0000494 MESH:D000302 UBERON:0001235 UMLS:C0001613 VHOG:0001481 XAO:0000165 adrenal gland cortex cortex (glandula suprarenalis) cortex glandulae suprarenalis cortex of adrenal gland cortex of suprarenal gland suprarenal suprarenal cortex the thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces and secretes steroid hormones such as corticosterone, estrone and aldosterone uberon adrenal medulla AAO:0011010 All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues (medulla), but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0000049 CALOHA:TS-0018 EFO:0000852 EMAPA:18428 EV:0100137 FMA:15633 GAID:451 MA:0000119 MAT:0000495 MESH:D019439 UBERON:0001236 UMLS:C0001629 VHOG:0001378 XAO:0000166 adrenal central medulla adrenal gland medulla chromaffin cells medulla (glandula suprarenalis) medulla glandulae suprarenalis medulla of adrenal gland medulla of glandula suprarenalis medulla of suprarenal gland suprarenal medulla the inner portion of the adrenal gland that consists mainly of chromaffin cells which produce, store and secrete neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and norepinephrine uberon intestinal mucosa BTO:0000642 EMAPA:35440 FMA:15695 GAID:296 MA:0001537 MESH:A03.492.411.369 The innermost membrane of the four coats of the intestinal wall, the other three being the submucosa, muscular layers, and serosa. (Berk et al., Gastroenterology, 4th ed, v.3, p1479) UBERON:0001242 UMLS:C0021839 bowel mucosa bowel mucosa of organ bowel mucous membrane bowel organ mucosa intestine mucosa intestine mucosa of organ intestine mucous membrane intestine organ mucosa mucosa of bowel mucosa of intestine mucosa of organ of bowel mucosa of organ of intestine mucous membrane of bowel mucous membrane of intestine organ mucosa of bowel organ mucosa of intestine tunica mucosa intestini uberon anus BTO:0001680 CALOHA:TS-2005 EV:0100082 FBbt:00003148 FMA:15711 GAID:312 In the lungfish, sharks and rays the rectum opens into the cloaca which also receives wastes (urine) from the kidneys and material from the reproductive organs. In bony fish the rectum reaches the outside environment through the anus, which is normally situated just in front the urinary and reproductive openings. However in some fish the digestive tract may be curled back on itself, and in the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus) the anus is situated in the fish's throat. -- http://www.earthlife.net/fish/digestion.html MA:0000331 MESH:A03.492.411.495.767.288 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. TADS:0000066 TGMA:0001279 UBERON:0001245 UMLS:C0003461 WBbt:0005364 anal anal opening anal orifice galen:Anus opening of terminal part of digestive tract proctodeum uberon interlobular bile duct FMA:15767 MA:0002668 The canals that carry bile in the liver between the intralobular ducts and the biliary ductules; interlobular bile ducts are part of the interlobular portal triad. UBERON:0001246 UMLS:C0227515 interlobular ductule uberon urinary bladder A saccular organ in which urine accumulates before discharge from the body. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] AAO:0000623 Anatomical structure which consists of a membranous sac used to temporarily store urine until it is excreted from the body.[AAO] BTO:0001418 CALOHA:TS-1090 EFO:0000290 EHDAA2:0000174 EHDAA:9328 EMAPA:18321 EV:0100098 FMA:15900 GAID:0000004 In tetrapods, the urinary bladder arises as an outpocketing of the cloaca. (...) The tetrapod urinary bladder appears first among amphibians and is present in Sphenodon, turtles, most lizards, ostriches among birds, and all mammals.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000380 MAT:0000122 MESH:A05.810.161 MIAA:0000122 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The urinary bladder evolved in tetrapods. Birds to not possess a true urinary bladder, although Palaeognathae have an undifferentiated cloacal outpocketing that serves a similar function[https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/454] UBERON:0001255 UMLS:C0005682 VHOG:0000740 XAO:0000154 bladder distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. galen:UrinaryBladder uberon urocyst vesica vesica urinaria vesical wall of intestine An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0000647 EMAPA:35181 EMAPA:35444 FMA:15949 MA:0001525 MA:0002693 UBERON:0001262 UMLS:C1708548 anatomical wall of bowel anatomical wall of intestine bowel anatomical wall bowel wall bowel wall intestinal wall intestine anatomical wall intestine wall uberon wall of bowel we place two MA classes here due to the official ncit2ma mapping to intestinal wall tissue; not clear how bowel and intestine are different pancreatic acinus EMAPA:35651 FMA:16011 MA:0002417 The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. UBERON:0001263 UMLS:C0227578 acinus pancreaticus pancreas acinus pancreatic acinar pancreatic acini uberon pancreas AAO:0010112 An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes[GO]. As a secretory organ serving exocrine and endocrine functions, the pancreas is specific to the vertebrates[PMID:16417468] Hagfishes and lampreys are unique in the complete separation of their endocrine pancreas (islet or- gan) and their exocrine pancreas (50). The endocrine and exocrine pancreas are coassociated in crown gnathostomes (50). In Branchiostoma and Ciona, there is no diverticulum as there is in hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes, only dispersed insulin-secreting cells in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (51, 52) BTO:0000988 CALOHA:TS-0736 EFO:0000855 EHDAA2:0001367 EHDAA:6893 EMAPA:17503 EV:0100092 FMA:7198 GAID:334 In the hagfish and lampreys (our most primitive vertebrate species of today), the first sign of 'a new organ' is found as collections of endocrine cells around the area of the bile duct connection with the duodenum. These endocrine organs are composed of 99% beta cells and 1% somatostatin-producing delta cells. Compared to the more primitive protochordates (e.g. amphioxus), this represents a stage where all previously scattered insulin-producing cells of the intestinal tissue have now quantitatively migrated to found a new organ involved in sensing blood glucose rather than gut glucose. Only later in evolution, the beta cells are joined by exocrine tissue and alpha cells (exemplified by the rat-, rabbit- and elephant-fishes). Finally, from sharks and onwards in evolution, we have the islet PP-cell entering to complete the pancreas.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000120 MAT:0000075 MESH:D010179 MIAA:0000075 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ which secretes a fluid containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.[AAO] TAO:0000140 The mature pancreas of higher vertebrates and mammals comprises two major functional units: the exocrine pancreas, which is responsible for the production of digestive enzymes to be secreted into the gut lumen, and the endocrine pancreas, which has its role in the synthesis of several hormones with key regulatory functions in food uptake and metabolism. The exocrine portion constitutes the majority of the mass of the pancreas, and contains only two different cell types, the secretory acinar cells and the ductular cells. The endocrine portion, which comprises only 1-2% of the total mass, contains five different cell types, which are organized into mixed functional assemblies referred to as the islets of Langerhans The zebrafish does not have a discrete pancreas. Exocrine pancreatic tissue can be found scattered along the intestinal tract. The acinar structure of the exocrine pancreas is very similar to that of mammals and comprises cells with a very dark, basophilic cytoplasm UBERON:0001264 UMLS:C0030274 VHOG:0000050 XAO:0000136 ZFA:0000140 galen:Pancreas pancreatic uberon pelvic girdle region FMA:16581 Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. There is only one instance of the pelvic girdle region per organism.[VSAO] The organism subdivision that includes the pelvic girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. UBERON:0001271 UMLS:C0684083 VSAO:0000304 girdle - pelvic pelvic girdle this class describes the subdivision of the limb/fin, NOT the skeleton within. See also: skeleton of pectoral girdle (UBERON:0007831). See also comments on obo-anatomy mail list. Note that even though the class includes soft tissue it is more restrictive than 'pelvis' which also includes structures in cavities etc. TODO this needs to be better documented uberon epithelium of stomach BTO:0000500 CALOHA:TS-2068 EHDAA2:0001918 EMAPA:17023 FMA:17091 MA:0001610 The epithelial layer of the stomach . UBERON:0001276 VHOG:0001433 epithelial tissue of stomach epithelial tissue of ventriculus epithelium of ventriculus gastric epithelium in FMA this is classified as simple columnar, MA divides this into squamous and glandular stomach epithelial tissue stomach epithelium uberon ventriculus epithelial tissue ventriculus epithelium portal triad A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel FMA:17523 MA:0002499 The misnomer 'portal triad' traditionally has included only the first three structures, and was named before lymphatic vessels were discovered in the structure. It can refer both to the largest branch of each of these vessels running inside the hepatoduodenal ligament, and to the smaller branches of these vessels inside the liver. UBERON:0001279 UMLS:C0227514 trias hepatica trias hepatica uberon liver parenchyma AAO:0010405 EHDAA2:0001004 EHDAA:2201 EMAPA:17203 FMA:17540 MA:0000366 The functional units of the liver including the lobules. UBERON:0001280 UBERON:0003223 VHOG:0000539 XAO:0000454 hepatic parenchyma hepatic parenchyme liver parenchyme parenchyma of liver the (liver) tubular structure (dual layered parenchyma) appears to be conserved among all embryonic vertebrates (...) it is not unlikely that all vertebrate livers share the same fundamental functional unit.[well established][VHOG] uberon intralobular bile duct FMA:17545 MA:0002669 Note that this is part of the intrahepatic bile duct in MA, as this class is more alike the tree in FMA. Note also that SCT has canal of Hering and Entire IBduct as the only sibling terms under 'Structure of intralobular bile duct' (i.e. the CoH is the only part of the entire IBduct) UBERON:0001282 UMLS:C0227517 canal of Hering canal of Herring canals of Hering cholangiole duct of Herring ductus interlobularis bilifer intrahepatic bile ductule the tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule uberon nephron BTO:0000924 CALOHA:TS-1312 EMAPA:28491 EMAPA:35592 EV:0100384 FMA:17640 Functional unit of the kidney that filters waste.[TAO] GAID:428 In the avian kidney, three types of nephron are identified: mammalian-type nephrons with long and short loops of Henle, and reptilian type nephrons (Gambaryan, 1992) MA:0000375 MESH:D009399 TAO:0002153 The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP] UBERON:0001285 UMLS:C0027713 ZFA:0005282 kidney terms require review for cross-vertebrate compatibility and developmental relationships. mature nephron nephroneum tubulus renalis uberon endometrium Animals that have estrous cycles reabsorb the endometrium if conception does not occur during that cycle. Animals that have menstrual cycles shed the endometrium through menstruation instead BTO:0001422 CALOHA:TS-0276 EFO:0000980 EMAPA:29917 EV:0100115 FMA:17742 GAID:377 MA:0000390 MAT:0000319 MESH:D004717 MIAA:0000319 The maternal part of the placenta (of eutherian mammals) is the vascularized and glandular uterine lining, or endometrium.[well established][VHOG] The mucous membrane lining the uterus. [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0001295 UMLS:C0014180 VHOG:0001285 endometrial in FMA this is subdivided into basal and outer the glandular mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the estrous/menstrual cycle and during pregnancy tunica mucosa (endometrium) tunica mucosa uteri uberon uterine endometrium uterine mucosa uterine mucous membrane sciatic nerve A large nerve that supplies nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. BTO:0001221 CALOHA:TS-0899 EFO:0001417 EHDAA2:0001779 EHDAA:5659 EMAPA:18577 FMA:19034 GAID:852 MA:0001172 MESH:D012584 OpenCyc:Mx4rv7MlDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001322 UMLS:C0036394 VHOG:0000894 ischiadic nerve ischiatic nerve mouse sciatic nerve origins predominantly from the third lumbar (L3) and L4 spinal nerves, unlike the L4 and L5 in rats - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700063/ nervus ischiadicus nervus sciaticus uberon anal region Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[uncertain][VHOG] EFO:0000847 EHDAA2:0000122 EHDAA:2931 EMAPA:16831 MA:0000329 MAT:0000042 MIAA:0000042 The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present UBERON:0001353 UMLS:C0230120 VHOG:0000395 WBbt:0006919 posterior posterior end of organism uberon cerebrospinal fluid A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. BTO:0000237 CALOHA:TS-0130 CSF EFO:0000329 EHDAA2:0004441 ENVO:02000029 EV:0100311 FMA:20935 GAID:1181 In vertebrates, at early stages of Central Nervous System (CNS) development, the architecture of the brain primordium reveals the presence of the cavity of brain vesicles, which is filled by Embryonic Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (E-CSF). (...) Rat and chick E-CSF proteomes are similar, although rat is more complex in certain groups of proteins, e.g., apolipoproteins, which may be involved in the control of neural diversity, and has soluble enzymes present, just like adult human CSF, but unlike chick E-CSF, revealing phylogenetic brain differences between these groups of vertebrates.[uncertain][VHOG] MA:0002503 MAT:0000499 MESH:A12.207.268 Portion of organism substance that is a clear fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain.[TAO] TAO:0002184 UBERON:0001359 UMLS:C0007806 VHOG:0001278 ZFA:0001626 cerebral spinal fluid liquor cerebrospinalis spinal fluid the FMA def states that this is subarachnoid spaces only. ZFA def states subarachnoid spaces and brain ventricles, but not SC (and has part_of to brain). Circulation: It circulates from the lateral ventricles to the foramen of Monro (Interventricular foramen), third ventricle, aqueduct of Sylvius (Cerebral aqueduct), fourth ventricle, foramen of Magendie (Median aperture) and foramina of Luschka (Lateral apertures), subarachnoid space over brain and spinal cord. It should be noted that the CSF moves in a pulsatile manner throughout the CSF system with nearly zero net flow. CSF is reabsorbed into venous sinus blood via arachnoid granulations. uberon parietal peritoneum AAO:0010816 EMAPA:16591 FMA:21451 Peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall.[AAO] TAO:0005131 The outer layer of peritoneum that is attached to the abdominal and pelvic walls. UBERON:0001366 UBERON:0004459 VHOG:0001527 ZFA:0005131 parietal serous membrane of peritoneum peritoneal cavity lining uberon skin of limb A zone of skin that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32726 FMA:23100 MA:0000694 UBERON:0001419 UMLS:C1282135 limb skin limb zone of skin uberon zone of skin of limb skeletal system AAO:0000566 Anatomical system consisting of multiple elements and tissues that provides physical support.[TAO] Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[VSAO] BTO:0001486 By taking a holistic approach, integration of the evidence from molecular and developmental features of model organisms, the phylogenetic distribution in the 'new animal phylogeny' and the earliest fossilized remains of mineralized animal skeletons suggests independent origins of the skeleton at the phylum level.[debated][VHOG] CALOHA:TS-1320 EFO:0000806 EHDAA2:0003168 EMAPA:35773 FMA:23881 GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates MA:0000018 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Skelettsystem System that provides physical support to the organism.[AAO] TAO:0000434 UBERON:0001434 UMLS:C0037253 VHOG:0001254 VSAO:0000027 XAO:0003060 ZFA:0000434 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system set of all bones and joints skeletal skeleton system uberon hindlimb skeleton AAO:0000217 EHDAA2:0002226 EMAPA:32633 FMA:24144 Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rvZcKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Skeletal structure of the paired, posterior appendages.[AAO] Subdivision of skeleton consisting of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb region. TOOD - find a home for: FMA:24140 UBERON:0001441 VHOG:0001255 VSAO:0000152 XAO:0003062 bones of lower limb free lower limb skeleton hind limb skeleton hind-limb skeleton hindlimb skeleton lower limb skeleton ossa membri inferioris relationship type change: differentiates_from lateral plate mesoderm (AAO:0010574) CHANGED TO: develops_from lateral plate mesoderm (UBERON:0003081)[AAO] set of bones of lower limb skeleton of free lower limb skeleton of lower limb uberon chest BTO:0001368 CALOHA:TS-1039 EFO:0000965 EV:0100010 FMA:24216 present in FMA1, but gone in subsequent versions FMA:9576 GAID:91 MA:0000031 MAT:0000295 MESH:A01.911 MIAA:0000295 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVikFZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]. UBERON:0001443 UMLS:C0817096 UMLS:C1527391 anterolateral part of thorax front of thorax galen:Chest galen:Thorax pectoral pectus thoracic thoracic body wall thorax uberon ventral part of thoracic region subdivision of head FMA:24218 UBERON:0001444 XAO:0000040 head region head subdivision region of head uberon skeleton of pes EHDAA2:0002228 FMA:24222 Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a pes, which is the distal section of the posterior hindlimb skeleton consisting of the mesopodium, the metapodium and the acropodium (e.g. including the ankle, sole, and toes)[Phenoscape]. UBERON:0001445 VSAO:0005021 foot region skeleton foot skeleton here 'pes' includes both the ankle region, metatarsals and acropodial region https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern pedal skeleton pes pes skeleton posterior autopodium posterior autopodium skeleton set of bones of foot skeleton of foot uberon face A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). BTO:0003369 CALOHA:TS-2216 EMAPA:32763 FMA:24728 GAID:64 HAO:0000316 MA:0002473 MESH:D005145 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5GZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) UBERON:0001456 UMLS:C0015450 facia/facies facial galen:Face uberon visage skin of lip A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:24764 MA:0001579 UBERON:0001458 UMLS:C0222101 lip skin lip zone of skin skin of lips uberon zone of skin of lip hip BTO:0001457 CALOHA:TS-2226 EFO:0001929 EHDAA2:0000783 EHDAA:5153 EHDAA:6178 EMAPA:17490 FMA:24964 GAID:47 MA:0000045 MESH:D006615 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjhy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA See notes for shoulder. in BTO this is part of the abdomen - this creates an inconsistency if limb and abdomen are spatially disjoint The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified]. The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001464 UMLS:C0019552 VHOG:0000346 coxa coxal galen:Hip hip region regio coxae uberon lymphatic vessel A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.[TAO] A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]. A vessel that contains or conveys lymph.[AAO] AAO:0011005 BTO:0000752 CALOHA:TS-2102 EFO:0000873 EMAPA:35532 FMA:30315 MA:0000138 MAT:0000443 OpenCyc:Mx4rwA1fYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005105 Tetrapods have evolved distinct lymphatic systems, in which lymphatic capillaries help drain most of the tissues of the body.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001473 UMLS:C0229889 VHOG:0001249 XAO:0000375 lymph vessel uberon vas lymphaticum bone element AAO:0000047 AEO:0000082 Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] BTO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-0088 EFO:0000298 EHDAA2:0003082 EMAPA:32782 ENVO:00002039 EV:0100140 FMA:30317 FMA:5018 GAID:92 MA:0001459 MAT:0000299 MIAA:0000299 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViDlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] TAO:0001514 The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] UBERON:0001474 UMLS:C0262950 VHOG:0001190 VSAO:0000057 XAO:0000169 ZFA:0001514 bone bone element bone organ bones galen:Bone relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] uberon articular capsule An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:34836 GAID:263 MA:0001519 MESH:D017746 UBERON:0001484 UMLS:C0206207 capsula articularis capsulae articulares check ncita fibrous capsule of joint galen:JointCapsule joint capsule joint fibrous capsule uberon skin of leg A zone of skin that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18156 EMAPA:18159 FMA:37828 MA:0000674 UBERON:0001511 UMLS:C0222279 leg skin leg zone of skin uberon zone of skin of leg descending aorta EMAPA:18606 FMA:3784 MA:0002571 OpenCyc:Mx4rv4EE35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001514 UMLS:C0011666 aorta descendens pars descendens aortae pars descendens aortae results from fusion of left and right dorsal aortae uberon abdominal aorta Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0002976 EFO:0002524 EMAPA:17856 FMA:3789 GAID:470 MA:0000474 MESH:D001012 Many of the branches of the abdominal aorta in mammals may be branches of the dorsal aorta in other vertebrates OpenCyc:Mx4rvYhWCZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001516 UMLS:C0003484 abdominal part of aorta abdominal part of aorta aorta abdominalis descending abdominal aorta galen:AbdominalAorta pars abdominalis aortae pars abdominalis aortae uberon digestive tract A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. AAO:0010023 BILA:0000083 BTO:0000511 BTO:0000545 EHDAA2:0000726 EHDAA:518 EMAPA:16247 FBbt:00003125 FMA also has a term 'gastrointestinal tract', but this includes the liver. FMA:45615 MA:0000917 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000112 TGMA:0001819 The alimentary or digestive tract, and associated organs.[TAO] The bilaterian gut is typically a complete tube that opens to the exterior at both ends. It consists of mouth, foregut, midgut, hindgut, and anus (reference 1); Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001555 UMLS:C0017189 VHOG:0000309 WBbt:0005743 ZFA:0000112 alimentary canal alimentary tract digestive canal digestive tube enteric tract galen:AlimentaryTract gut gut tube uberon we following Kardong in naming the entire tube from mouth to anus the alimentary canal. Kardong calls the portion of this tract that excludes buccal cavity and pharynx the 'alimentary canal', consider adding an extra class for this we place the MA and EMAPA class here, although the intent is probably a smaller region. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 lower urinary tract FMA:45659 MA:0002636 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra. UBERON:0001556 galen:LowerUrinaryTract uberon upper respiratory tract EHDAA2:0002136 EMAPA:17669 FMA:45661 MA:0000442 OpenCyc:Mx4rtT2HwgJMEdyAAADggVbxzQ Some specify that the glottis (vocal cords) is the defining line between the upper and lower respiratory tracts;[2] yet even others make the line at the cricoid cartilage. The FMA includes nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx[WP] The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the nose and ends distally with the cricoid cartilage, before continuing to the trachea. UBERON:0001557 VHOG:0000406 uberon lower respiratory tract EHDAA2:0001036 EMAPA:16738 FMA:45662 MA:0000435 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRqjUgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified] UBERON:0001558 VHOG:0000382 uberon cheek A fleshy subdivision of one side of the face bounded by an eye, ear and the nose. BTO:0001754 FMA:46476 GAID:65 In many animals the inside of the cheek is lined with mucous membrane covered with stratified squamous epithelium and supplied with secretions from buccal glands. MA:0002475 MESH:D002610 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi5WZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Surface structure that includes the scales, skin, and muscles that are located ventral and posterior to the eye.[TAO] TAO:0002113 UBERON:0001567 UMLS:C0007966 buccae buccal galen:Cheek jowl uberon ciliary muscle BTO:0000654 Bowman`s muscles EMAPA:35240 FMA:49151 MA:0001269 The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001605 UMLS:C0559230 ciliaris musculus ciliaris musculus ciliarus uberon coronary artery An artery that supplies the myocardium. BTO:0000290 CALOHA:TS-0176 EFO:0002551 EMAPA:19160 EMAPA:25968 EV:0100383 FMA:49893 MA:0002453 OpenCyc:Mx4rvoL56ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001621 UMLS:C0205042 VHOG:0001557 ZFA:0005812 coronary arterial tree coronary vessel galen:CoronaryArtery uberon muscle organ AAO:0011066 EMAPA:32715 EV:0100146 FMA:5022 GAID:131 It seems clear that the metazoan ancestor inherited from its unicellular descendants an actin cytoskeleton and motor-proteins of the myosin superfamily. Within metazoans, these two molecules were arranged into effective contractile units, the muscles. The basic trends for muscle evolution are already expressed in the diploblastic taxa.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000015 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. Portion of tissue composed of contractile fibers.[TAO] TAO:0005145 UBERON:0001630 VHOG:0001245 XAO:0000172 ZFA:0005145 galen:Muscle muscle muscular uberon artery AAO:0010211 AEO:0000208 An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. BTO:0000573 CALOHA:TS-0054 EFO:0000814 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA2:0003253 EMAPA:35147 EV:0100026 FMA:50720 GAID:468 MA:0000064 MAT:0000034 MESH:D001158 MIAA:0000034 Note that in FMA an artery is a tree, whereas AEO/JB defines it as a tube; FMA includes a separate class for what it calls the trunk. Classification in this ontology may currently (Jan 2012) represent a mix of both schemes, although we are gradually revising in the direction of the AEO scheme. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjknZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.[AAO] TAO:0000005 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001637 UMLS:C0003842 VHOG:0001251 XAO:0000114 ZFA:0000005 arterial arterial subtree arterial system arterial tree organ part arterial vessel arteries galen:Artery uberon vein AAO:0010212 AEO:0000209 Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart. BTO:0000234 CALOHA:TS-1108 EFO:0000816 EHDAA2:0003254 EMAPA:35906 EV:0100031 FMA:50723 GAID:492 MA:0000067 MAT:0000037 MESH:D014680 MIAA:0000037 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the circulatory system composed of blood vessels which carry blood from other organs, tissues, and cells to the heart.[AAO] TAO:0000082 TODO - check with MA - vein vs venous blood vessel The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001638 UMLS:C0042449 VHOG:0001743 XAO:0000115 ZFA:0000082 galen:Vein uberon vascular element vena venae venous subtree venous tree organ part venous vessel ear AAO:0011014 BTO:0000368 Both vertebrate and invertebrate auditory organs are thought to have evolved from primitive mechanosensors, but the nature of the ancestral structure and the evolutionary trajectories followed in distinct animal lineages remain unknown. In particular, we do not know how many types of mechanosensor existed in the protostome-deuterostome ancestor from which insects and vertebrates evolved or whether the PDA had an auditory organ.[well established][VHOG] CALOHA:TS-1165 EFO:0000826 EHDAA2:0000423 EHDAA:502 EMAPA:16193 EV:0100353 FMA:52780 GAID:62 MA:0000236 MAT:0000138 MESH:D004423 MIAA:0000138 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViXS5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjL05wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. The organ of hearing and of equilibrium. [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0001690 UMLS:C0013443 UMLS:C0521421 VHOG:0000330 XAO:0000189 auditory apparatus auricular auris galen:Ear uberon neurocranium AAO:0010153 Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.[TAO] EHDAA2:0000243 EMAPA:17681 FMA:53672 It includes the following bones: Ethmoid bone, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, Parietal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone. The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton It seems MA uses 'neurocranium' as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, ... MA:0000317 Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof. TAO:0001580 The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP]. UBERON:0001703 XAO:0003170 ZFA:0001580 brain box brain case brain pan braincase neurocranial uberon nail A horn-like keratin structure covering the dorsal aspect of the terminal phalanges of fingers and toes[WP]. A primate's nail consists of the unguis alone; the subunguis has disappeared BTO:0001719 CALOHA:TS-2034 EFO:0000956 EMAPA:35580 EV:0100159 FMA:54326 GAID:1320 MA:0002703 MAT:0000158 MESH:D009262 MIAA:0000158 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJv5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The nails of humans and the claws are moth are highly similar. Both species have a proximal nail fold, cuticle, nail matrix, nail bed, nail plate, and hyponychium. Distinguishing features are the shape of the nail and the presence of an extended hyponychium in the mouse [PMC3579226] UBERON:0001705 UMLS:C0027342 Use this class for both the nails of primates and the homologous claws of mammals such as mouse. VHOG:0001361 XAO:0003103 claw galen:Nail nail/claw talon uberon jaw skeleton AAO:0000988 BTO:0001749 EMAPA:35455 FMA:54396 GAID:214 MA:0001905 MESH:D007568 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO] Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. TAO:0001227 TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton). There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983). UBERON:0001708 UMLS:C0022359 ZFA:0001227 anterior splanchnocranium galen:Jaw in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates jaw jaw cartilage jaws mandibular arch mandibular arch skeleton oral jaw skeleton pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton uberon visceral arch 1 lower jaw region AAO:0000272 EFO:0003660 EHDAA2:0001018 EHDAA:7995 EMAPA:17906 FMA:59398 Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] MESH:D008334 Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001710 VHOG:0000453 lower part of mouth mandibular part of mouth mandibular series ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw uberon eyelid A fold of skin that covers and protects part of the eyeball. Examples: upper eyelid, lower eyelid, nictitating membrane BTO:0002241 Consider adding 'eye surface', like MA EHDAA2:0000487 EHDAA:9037 EMAPA:17829 EV:0100338 FMA divides this into skin, fascia, conjunctiva FMA:54437 GAID:72 In humans the upper and lower eyelid consists of the following layers, starting anteriorly: (1) skin, (2) a layer of subcutaneous connective tissue, (3) a layer of striated muscle fibres of the orbicularis muscle, (4) a layer of submuscular connective tissue, (5) a fibrous layer, including the tarsal plates, (6) a layer of smooth muscle, (7) the palpebral conjunctiva. MA:0000268 MESH:D005143 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4m5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001711 UMLS:C0015426 VHOG:0000016 blephara blepharic blepharon eye lid palpebra palpebrae palpebral uberon cranial ganglion BTO:0000106 EFO:0000902 EMAPA:16659 FMA:54502 Ganglion which is located in the head.[TAO] MA:0000213 MA:0000214 MAT:0000200 MIAA:0000200 TAO:0000013 UBERON:0001714 UBERON:0003213 UBERON:0026601 VHOG:0000076 XAO:0000027 ZFA:0000013 cranial ganglia cranial ganglion cranial ganglion part of peripheral nervous system cranial ganglion/nerve cranial nerve ganglion cranial neural ganglion cranial neural tree organ ganglion ganglion of cranial nerve ganglion of cranial neural tree organ head ganglion presumptive cranial ganglia the groups of nerve cell bodies associated with the twelve cranial nerves uberon tongue A mobile mass of muscular tissue that is covered with mucous membrane, occupies much of the cavity of the mouth, forms part of its floor, bears the organ of taste, and assists in chewing and swallowing. [TFD][VHOG] A muscular organ in the floor of the mouth. AAO:0010360 BTO:0001385 CALOHA:TS-1050 EFO:0000833 EHDAA2:0002062 EHDAA:9144 EMAPA:17185 EV:0100058 FMA:54640 GAID:816 MA:0000347 MAT:0000040 MESH:D014059 MIAA:0000040 Many species of fish have small folds at the base of their mouths that might informally be called tongues, but they lack a muscular structure like the true tongues found in most tetrapods Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG] Muscular organ in the floor of the mouth.[FEED] OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA_53KXLq9EdqAAAACs6hnmQ TAO:0005333 The tongue has contributions from all pharyngeal arches which changes with time. The tongue initially begins as swelling rostral to foramen cecum, the median tongue bud.. tongue muscles derive from the somites - http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Tongue_Development#Pharyngeal_Arch_Contributions The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech[GO][GO:0043586]. UBERON:0001723 UMLS:C0040408 VHOG:0000419 XAO:0000446 ZFA:0005333 glossal glossus in MA the tongue is part of the oral region, which in uberon is treated as the oral opening. consider revising oral opening - oral region equivalence. lingual uberon tonsillar ring FMA:55070 MA:0000752 UBERON:0001735 UMLS:C0459892 Waldeyer's ring Waldeyer's tonsillar ring anulus lymphoideus pharyngis oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue pharyngeal lymphatic ring pharyngeal lymphoid ring the circular lymphoid tissue formed by the lingual, pharyngeal, and facial tonsils uberon larynx (In anura) a dorsal pair of arytenoid cartilages (...), which support vocal cords, and a ventral pair (often fused) of cricoid cartilage (...). These cartilages are regarded as derivatives of posterior visceral arches of ancestors. Together they constitute the larynx, a structure characteristic of tetrapods. (...) (In mammals) Paired arytenoid cartilages help support and control the vocal cords. The cricoid cartilage is single. Two additional cartilages are present that are lacking in other vertebrates: a large ventral thyroid cartilage (...) and a cartilage in the epiglottis.[well established][VHOG] A continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. AAO:0000268 An anatomical cluster consisting of the epiglottus, the arytenoid cartilages, the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage and the muscles, membranes, and ligaments connecting them, and also of the mucosal covering these structures.[FEED] Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located.[AAO] BTO:0001208 CALOHA:TS-0532 EFO:0000838 EHDAA2:0004063 EMAPA:18333 EV:0100039 FMA:55097 GAID:108 Kehlkopf@ge MA:0000414 MAT:0000187 MESH:D007830 MIAA:0000187 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOnZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001737 UMLS:C0023078 VHOG:0001279 XAO:0003081 galen:Larynx laryngeal uberon lymphoid tissue BTO:0000753 CALOHA:TS-0584 FMA:55220 GAID:342 MA:0002436 MESH:D008221 Portion of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes[WP]. UBERON:0001744 UMLS:C0024296 galen:LymphoidTissue lymphatic tissue lymphocytic tissue uberon vagus nerve 10n AAO:0010475 BAMS:10n BAMS:Xn BTO:0003472 CN-X Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart). EFO:0002549 FMA:5731 GAID:721 HBA:9337 MA:0001106 MBA:917 MESH:D014630 Nerve consisting of branchiomotor and visceral efferent fibers which branch and innervate the smooth muscles and glands of the heart, lungs, esophagus, and stomach as well as some throat muscles. Sensory fibers supply mucosa of the mouth and pharynx.[AAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rviHk2ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000453 UBERON:0001759 UMLS:C0042276 UMLS:C1305910 VHOG:0000737 Vagus nerve [X] We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] XAO:0003097 ZFA:0000453 cranial nerve X galen:VagusNerve http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=702 nerve X nervus vagus nervus vagus [x] pneuomgastric nerve tenth cranial nerve uberon vagal nerve vagus vagus X nerve vagus nerve or its root vagus nerve tree uvea CALOHA:TS-2228 EMAPA:35901 FMA:58103 GAID:912 MA:0002480 MESH:D014602 TODO - check child terms, isa vs partof. See also MA:0001284 ! tunica vasculosa plexus UBERON:0001768 UMLS:C0042160 pars iridica retinae the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. tunica vasculatis oculi tunica vasculosa bulbi tunica vasculosa of eyeball uberon uvea uveal uveal tract vascular layer of eyeball iris AAO:0010347 BTO:0000653 CALOHA:TS-0491 EFO:0004245 EMAPA:19154 EV:0100345 FMA:58235 GAID:917 MA:0000273 MESH:D007498 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjbppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001238 The avian iris and ciliary body undergoes a transition from smooth-to-striated muscle during embryonic development [doi:dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9019] The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm suspended in the aqueous humour in front of the lens of the eye. The organ is perforated by the pupil and continues peripherally with the ciliary body. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0001769 UMLS:C0022077 VHOG:0000101 XAO:0000185 ZFA:0001238 anterior uvea irides iridial irises the adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye uberon corneal epithelium BTO:0000287 CALOHA:TS-0173 EFO:0001917 EHDAA2:0000319 EMAPA:17162 FMA:58263 GAID:895 In Humans: It consists of several layers of cells. The cells of the deepest layer are columnar; then follow two or three layers of polyhedral cells, the majority of which are prickle cells similar to those found in the stratum mucosum of the cuticle. Lastly, there are three or four layers of squamous cells, with flattened nuclei In zebrafish: nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals MA:0001243 MESH:D019573 Portion of tissue comprised of four to six layers of nonkeratinized, stratified squamous cells and represents approximately 60% of the thickness of the cornea.[TAO] TAO:0002187 UBERON:0001772 UMLS:C0459875 ZFA:0001683 anterior corneal epithelium anterior endothelium of cornea cornea epithelial tissue cornea epithelium e. anterius corneae endothelium anterius corneae endothelium camerae anterioris bulbi endothelium corneale epithelial tissue of cornea epithelium anterius (cornea) epithelium anterius corneae epithelium corneæ anterior layer epithelium of cornea epithelium posterius corneae external epithelium of cornea the smooth stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea uberon sclera AAO:0010354 BTO:0001606 Disease notes: implicated in rheumatoid arthritis. EMAPA:19027 EV:0100342 FMA:58269 GAID:911 MA:0000280 MESH:D012590 Majority derives from NC that surrounds optic cup of neurectoderm; a small temporal portion develops from the mesoderm that contributes to striated extra-ocular muscles and vascular endothelia[Rada&Johnson]. Opaque fibrous outer layer of the eyeball[ZFA,Kardong,WP]. OpenCyc:Mx4rv7yR55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Seko et al demonstrate chondrogenic potential and identify this as connective tissue[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003709]. The sclera, also known as the white part of the eye, is the opaque (usually white, though certain animals, such as horses and lizards, can have black sclera), fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber. It is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, however, fatty deposits on the sclera can make it appear slightly yellow. The sclera forms the posterior five sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. It is continuous with the dura mater and the cornea, and maintains the shape of the globe, offering resistance to internal and external forces, and provides an attachment for the extraocular muscle insertions. The sclera is perforated by plenty of nerves and vessels passing through the posterior scleral foramen, the hole that is formed by the optic nerve. At the optic disk the outer two-thirds of the sclera continues with the dura mater (outer coat of the brain) via the dural sheath of the optic nerve. The inner third joins with some choroidal tissue to form a plate (lamina cribrosa) across the optic nerve with perforations through which the optic fibers (fasciculi). The thickness of the sclera varies from 1mm at the posterior pole to 0.3 mm just behind the rectus muscle insertions. The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface, and together with the conjunctiva (which lies on top) This is a thin layer covering the sclera. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva, those of the sclera renders the inflamed eye bright red. [WP,unvetted][Wikipedia:Sclera]. The tough, usually white, outer coat of the eyeball, covering all the posterior surface and continuous anteriorly with the cornea. [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0001773 UMLS:C0036410 VHOG:0001274 XAO:0000183 ZFA:0005563 continuous with the dura mater and the cornea; The sclera forms the posterior five-sixths of the connective tissue coat of the globe. in fish, reptiles and monotremes the connective tissue of the sclera is skeletal scleral scleral capsule uberon skeletal muscle of trunk A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region. AAO:0000611 EMAPA:35888 FMA:58274 MA:0000514 Many ontologies do not appear to have a coherent distinction between an individual muscle and the musculature (i.e. the set of muscles in a region), so we group all together here. Note that this class excludes smooth muscle elements in the trunk region, such as the internal anal sphincter. This appears to be consistent with other ontologies such as FMA and ZFA which appear to only include skeletal muscles here. In fact the MA class 'trunk muscle' is classified as a 'set of skeletal muscles'. TAO:0000473 UBERON:0001774 XAO:0003230 ZFA:0000473 body musculature muscle of trunk muscle organ of torso muscle organ of trunk torso muscle organ trunk muscle trunk muscle organ trunk musculature uberon ciliary body AAO:0010341 BTO:0000260 CALOHA:TS-0694 EMAPA:19065 EV:0100346 FMA:58295 GAID:916 MA:0000264 MESH:D002924 The eye of the adult lamprey is remarkably similar to our own, and it possesses numerous features (including the expression of opsin genes) that are very similar to those of the eyes of jawed vertebrates. The lamprey's camera-like eye has a lens, an iris and extra-ocular muscles (five of them, unlike the eyes of jawed vertebrates, which have six), although it lacks intra-ocular muscles. Its retina also has a structure very similar to that of the retinas of other vertebrates, with three nuclear layers comprised of the cell bodies of photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells. The southern hemisphere lamprey, Geotria australis, possesses five morphological classes of retinal photoreceptor and five classes of opsin, each of which is closely related to the opsins of jawed vertebrates. Given these similarities, we reach the inescapable conclusion that the last common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates already possessed an eye that was comparable to that of extant lampreys and gnathostomes. Accordingly, a vertebrate camera-like eye must have been present by the time that lampreys and gnathostomes diverged, around 500 Mya.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001775 UMLS:C0008779 VHOG:0000102 XAO:0000186 anterior uvea ciliary bodies corpus ciliare ocular ciliary body the thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes uberon optic choroid BTO:0001829 CALOHA:TS-2054 EMAPA:19077 EV:0100347 FMA:58298 GAID:913 MA:0000263 MESH:D002829 MP treats posterior uvea and optic choroid as distinct TAO:0005229 UBERON:0001776 UMLS:C0008520 VHOG:0001568 ZFA:0005229 check choroid vs choroid layer; check ZFA/TAO placement - no homology assertion in VHOG. Note this is entirely in the posterior region of eyeball in ZFA chorioid choroid choroid coat choroidal choroidea choroidea eye choroid optic choroid posterior uvea uberon vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. spinal nerve AAO:0011101 Any of the paired nerves emerging from the spinal cord, each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal, and passing out between the vertebrae. [TFD][VHOG] BAMS:spin BTO:0000870 EHDAA2:0001898 EMAPA:16989 FMA:5858 GAID:841 MA:0000233 MESH:D013127 OpenCyc:Mx4rwK_iFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001780 UMLS:C0037941 VHOG:0000824 XAO:0003101 backbone nerve nerve of backbone nerve of spinal column nerve of spine nerve of vertebral column nervi spinales spinal column nerve spinal nerve tree spinal nerves spine nerve the any of the paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment[MP,modified] uberon vertebral column nerve layer of retina AAO:0010353 Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP]. EMAPA:35742 FMA:58617 MA does not treat internal/external limiting memranes as layers - these are classified as laminae. Here we follow other ontologies in grouping with other layers. MA also treats retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina epithelium as distinct from the layers. We follow ontologies such as FMA and ZFA in first dividing into pigmented and neural layers - these are also classified as layers, giving us over the usual 10 layers MA:0001319 UBERON:0001781 UMLS:C0459649 XAO:0000266 retina layer retina neuronal layer retinal layer retinal neuronal layer uberon cranial nerve AAO:0000108 BAMS:cran BTO:0001104 Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. EHDAA2:0000323 EMAPA:17264 FMA:5865 GAID:802 HBA:9299 MA:0000215 MBA:967 MESH:D003391 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWvJVpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/6 TAO:0000641 Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] UBERON:0001785 UMLS:C0010268 UMLS:C1269897 VHOG:0000279 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000429 XAO:0003089 ZFA:0000641 classified as neural tree organ, not nerve in FMA. CN II poses a challenge here as it is not strictly a nerve, yet is expected to be classified under CN. cranial nerves cranial neural tree organ nervus cranialis uberon anterior segment of eyeball EMAPA:36594 FMA:58865 MA:0002484 MESH:D000869 UBERON:0001801 UMLS:C0003153 ZFA:0005566 anterior eye segment anterior segment eye anterior segment of eye anterior segment of the eye any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive) eye anterior segment segmentum anterius (bulbus oculi) segmentum anterius bulbi oculi uberon posterior segment of eyeball EMAPA:36595 FMA:58868 MA:0002485 UBERON:0001802 UMLS:C0278450 ZFA:0005567 any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive) eye posterior segment posterior eye segment posterior segment eye posterior segment of eye posterior segment of the eye segmentum posterius (bulbus oculi) segmentum posterius bulbi oculi uberon nerve plexus AEO:0000138 Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]. BTO:0000205 EHDAA2:0003138 EHDAA:3780 FMA:5901 MA:0002407 UBERON:0001810 UMLS:C0501403 in FMA this is a subtype of junction rather than tissue plexus uberon spinal nerve plexus EHDAA2:0001899 EMAPA:16987 FMA:5903 MA:0000235 To reach the muscles, dermatomes, and other structures of the limbs, some of the neurons in the spinal nerves come together in the plexus at the base of the limb. Such plexuses occur in all gnathostomes, and they reach their highest complexity among mammals and birds in which the cervical plexus supplies many ventral neck muscles, the brachial plexus supplies the pectoral appendage, a lumbosacral plexus supplies the pelvic appendage, and a coccygeal plexus supplies some of the pelvic muscles.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001813 UMLS:C0228603 VHOG:0000925 an intermingling of fiber fascicles from adjacent spinal nerves to form a network. plexus nervorum spinalium plexus of spinal nerves somatic nerve plexus spinal nerve plexus uberon lumbosacral nerve plexus An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine that travels to the pelvic appendage where it innervates skin and muscle. BAMS:lsp EHDAA2:0001040 EHDAA:4673 EMAPA:17587 FMA:5907 GAID:849 MA:0001181 MESH:D008160 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzYo75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001815 UMLS:C0024093 VHOG:0000926 lumbosacral plexus plexus lumbosacralis plexus lumbosacralis uberon major salivary gland FMA:59788 MA:0002478 One of the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. There are 3 pairs of major salivary glands in human and mouse UBERON:0001829 UMLS:C0930553 galen:MajorSalivaryGland uberon parotid gland A mammalian salivary gland located caudal to the ear. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-22, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] AAO:0010095 BTO:0001004 CALOHA:TS-0748 EFO:0002558 EMAPA:18537 EV:0100060 FMA:59790 GAID:938 MA:0001585 MESH:D010306 OpenCyc:Mx4rvqwyg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The most common oral glands in mammals are the salivary glands. There are usually three primary pairs of salivary glands, named for their approximate positions: mandibular (submandibular or submaxillary), sublingual, and parotid.[well established][VHOG] The mouse parotid, exorbital lacrimal gland and exocrine pancreas have similar histological appearances[ISBN10:0123813611] The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001831 UMLS:C0030580 VHOG:0000308 galen:ParotidGland glandula parotidea parotid uberon lip BTO:0001647 CALOHA:TS-0558 EMAPA:32839 FMA:59816 GAID:76 MA:0000343 MESH:D008046 One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi4U5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Surface structure that is one of the two fleshy folds surrounding the opening of the mouth.[TAO] TAO:0007006 UBERON:0001833 UMLS:C0023759 VHOG:0000677 ZFA:0007006 galen:Lip labia oris labial lips uberon saliva A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. BTO:0001202 CALOHA:TS-0891 EMAPA:36536 ENVO:02000036 FMA:59862 GAID:1167 MA:0002507 MAT:0000444 MESH:D012463 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJ95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001836 UMLS:C0036087 We classify a wide variety of not necessarily homologous fluids here. In humans, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin galen:Saliva sailva normalis saliva atomaris saliva molecularis salivary salivary gland secretion uberon semicircular canal AAO:0011098 BTO:0003383 CALOHA:TS-2164 EMAPA:32832 EV:0100365 FMA:60186 Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] GAID:776 In gnathostomes, each membranous labyrinth has three semicircular ducts that connect with a chamber known as the utriculus. These ducts are sometimes called canals, but technically the term semicircular canal applies to the spaces in the osseus labyrinth in which the semicircular ducts lie.[uncertain][VHOG] MA divides this into osseous and duct. In FMA, this is systemically part of the bony labyrinth. Note this is an anatomical space in ZFA. The MA treatment has advantages for representing the neuroepithelium, which should not be part of bone. Also check duct vs canal MA:0000249 MESH:D012665 One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. TAO:0000431 UBERON:0001840 UMLS:C0036622 VHOG:0001144 XAO:0000198 ZFA:0000431 canalis semicircularis detects angular acceleration ductus semicirculares scc semicircular canals semicircular ducts uberon lateral semicircular canal EHDAA2:0000920 EHDAA:7790 EMAPA:17821 FMA:60193 MA:0001208 One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for semicircular canals by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] TAO:0000220 UBERON:0001843 ZFA:0000220 detects angular acceleration horizontal semicircular canal lateral semicircular canals lateral semicircular duct relationship loss: develops_from lateral semicircular canal primordium (TAO:0000232)[TAO] uberon internal ear AAO:0000238 BTO:0000630 CALOHA:TS-0478 Complex labyrinthine structure that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation. EFO:0001363 EHDAA2:0000831 EHDAA:504 EMAPA:16194 EV:0100361 FMA:60909 GAID:871 MA:0000237 MAT:0000145 MESH:D007758 MIAA:0000145 OpenCyc:Mx4rwJ8SsJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000217 The auditory (hearing) and vestibular (balance) organ of the fish, equivalent to the inner ear of amniotes. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] The labyrinth, or inner ear, evolved very early in vertebrate history and, with many variations in configuration but none of basic design and function, has been retained by all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001846 UMLS:C0022889 UMLS:C1268973 VHOG:0000284 XAO:0000192 ZFA:0000217 auris interna galen:InnerEar inner ear labyrinth otocyst uberon membranous labyrinth A system of communicating epithelial sacs and ducts within the bony labyrinth, containing the endolymph. [TFD][VHOG] AAO:0011060 EHDAA2:0000899 EHDAA:4698 EMAPA:17815 EV:0100367 FMA:61022 MA:0000242 Organ with organ cavity which consists of the vestibular labyrinth and the cochlear labyrinth. The membranous labyrinth is lodged within the bony labyrinth and has the same general form; it is, however, considerably smaller and is partly separated from the bony walls by a quantity of fluid, the perilymph.[FMA, WP] The labyrinth, or inner ear, evolved very early in vertebrate history and, with many variations in configuration but none of basic design and function, has been retained by all vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001849 UBERON:0010113 UMLS:C0458700 VHOG:0000729 XAO:0000194 inner ear has parts membranous and osseuous/bony labyrinth. it's not clear where the EMAPA term 'labyrinth' belong, we place them here for now labyrinthus membranaceus uberon cortex EFO:0000383 EHDAA:9344 FMA:61109 Outermost layer of an organ[WP]. UBERON:0001851 cortex cortex of organ cortical galen:Cortex this class is used more generically than in FMA, and includes e.g. cortex of hair uberon cerebral hemisphere AAO:0010480 BAMS:HEM BTO:0000231 CALOHA:TS-2007 DMBA:15739 EFO:0002521 EMAPA:16653 FMA:61817 Hemispheric regions MA:0000133 MBA:403 One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA] OpenCyc:Mx4rvigx5ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the telencephalon consisting of either of the two smooth, elongated halves of the cerebrum.[AAO] The presence of paired evaginated hemispheres and olfactory bulbs in both agnathan and gnathostome radiations suggests that such hemispheres were also present in the common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001869 UMLS:C0228174 UMLS:C0242202 VHOG:0001639 cerebrum galen:CerebralHemisphere hemisphere hemispherium cerebri http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=241 medial amygdalar nucleus nucleus amygdaloideus medialis nucleus medialis amygdalae telencephalic vesicle uberon temporal lobe BAMS:TL BAMS:Temporal_lobe BTO:0001355 Boundary notes: It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe. [Wikipedia:Temporal_lobe] CALOHA:TS-1020 DHBA:12139 EFO:0000917 EMAPA:18797 EV:0100169 FMA:61825 GAID:635 HBA:4132 Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH) MAT:0000508 MESH:A08.186.211.730.885.213.863 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQLi-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001871 UMLS:C0039485 UMLS:C1268978 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=125 lobus temporalis temporal cortex uberon phrenic nerve A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. A nerve that arises from the caudal cervical nerves and is primarily the motor nerve of the diaphragm but also sends sensory fibers to the pericardium. [TFD][VHOG] BAMS:phn BTO:0001063 EHDAA:4677 EMAPA:17813 FMA:6191 GAID:848 MA:0001170 MESH:D010791 OpenCyc:Mx4rvtmdUJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0001884 UMLS:C0031774 VHOG:0000728 diaphragmatic nerve nervus phrenicus phrenic uberon choroid plexus A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces. A tuft of capillaries that project into the ventricles of the brain and secretes cerebral spinal fluid. The choroid plexus is covered by a cuboidal epithelium which maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.[TAO] BAMS:CHP BAMS:GHP BAMS:chp BAMS:chpl BTO:0000258 CALOHA:TS-0145 CP EFO:0001915 EMAPA:32741 FMA:61934 Fringe of the tela choroidea of the brain ventricles[MP] GAID:607 MA:0000823 MBA:108 MESH:D002831 TAO:0001443 TODO - check relationship to ventricle. Check subclass - ZFA says vasculature. Note that FMA:61934 (choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere) has exact synonym 'choroid plexus' but it is not clear that this belongs here, as the fourth ventricle is not in the cerebral hemisphere UBERON:0001886 UMLS:C0008524 VHOG:0001377 ZFA:0001443 chorioid plexus choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere choroidal plexus choroideus plexus choroideus uberon ventricular choroid plexus forebrain AAO:0010147 BAMS:FB BAMS:Forebrain BTO:0000478 CALOHA:TS-0380 DHBA:10156 DMBA:15566 EFO:0000909 EHDAA2:0000556 EHDAA:3470 EMAPA:16895 FB FMA:61992 In craniate embryos, neural expression of Distal-less-related genes is exclusively in the forebrain (...). Because the major neural expression domain of amphioxus AmphiDll is in the anterior three-fourths of the cerebral vesicle, we suggest that this region of the neural tube is homologous to parts of the craniate forebrain. This conclusion is strongly supported by three-dimensional, computer-assisted reconstruction of the neural tube of amphioxus based on serial transmission electron microscopy. At the neuroanatomical level, a number of detailed homologies are indicated between the anterior three-fourths of the amphioxus cerebral vesicle and the diencephalic region of the craniate forebrain. If one assumes that the amphioxus condition fairly represents the nervous system of the proximate ancestor of the craniates, one can suggest that they evolved from a creature that had the beginnings of a forebrain.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000170 MAT:0000105 MESH:D016548 MIAA:0000105 Most anterior of the three regions of the brain consisting of the telencephalon and diencephalon.[AAO] TAO:0000109 The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. The most anterior region the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] UBERON:0001890 UMLS:C0085140 VHOG:0000383 XAO:0000011 ZFA:0000109 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=27 prosencephalic prosencephalon relationship loss: develops_from forebrain neural tube (TAO:0007041)[TAO] uberon midbrain AAO:0010149 BAMS:MES BM:MB BTO:0000138 CALOHA:TS-0630 DHBA:10648 DMBA:16649 EFO:0000919 EHDAA2:0001162 EHDAA:3694 EMAPA:16974 EV:0100242 FMA:61993 Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] HBA:9001 MA:0000207 MAT:0000106 MB MBA:313 MESH:D008636 MIAA:0000106 Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.[AAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rvsBUqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001104 TAO:0000128 The brain region between the forebrain anteriorly and the hindbrain posteriorly, including the tectum dorsally and the midbrain tegmentum ventrally. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles)[GO]. UBERON:0001891 UMLS:C0025462 VHOG:0000069 XAO:0000014 ZFA:0000128 developmental relationships need revised http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=462 mesencephalic mesencephalon part of brainstem in ABA - we reject this in favor of ISBN10:0471888893 which has an implicit overlaps relationships uberon telencephalon AAO:0010479 BAMS:CB BAMS:CH BAMS:IV BAMS:Tel BM:Tel BTO:0000239 CALOHA:TS-1018 DHBA:10158 EFO:0000912 EHDAA2:0001982 EMAPA:16652 EMAPA:16910 EV:0100165 FMA:62000 From an evolutionary standpoint, the telencephalon is the most recent brain structure: the amphioxus does not have this structure as a morphological entity. Overt telencephalon is present in the hagfish and lamprey to receive numerous input fibers from various parts of the CNS, similar to gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] GAID:621 HBA:4007 In mammals the cortex covers almost the whole of the cerebral hemispheres. In ray-finned fishes the inner surfaces of the lateral and ventral regions of the cerebrum bulge up into the ventricles. In the amniotes, the cerebrum becomes increasingly large and complex. In reptiles, the paleopallium is much larger than in amphibians, and its growth has pushed the basal nuclei into the central regions of the cerebrum. In the most primitive living vertebrates, the hagfishes and lampreys, the cerebrum is a relatively simple structure receiving nerve impulses from the olfactory bulb. MA:0000183 MAT:0000421 MBA:567 MESH:D013687 MIAA:0000421 Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, septum and fornix, as well as subcortical gray and white matter structures[FMA:62000]. PBA:128011350 Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.[AAO] TAO:0000079 The anterior and dorsal forebrain neuromere, includes the olfactory bulb. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The cerebrum of birds has evolved along different lines to that of mammals, although they are similarly enlarged, by comparison with reptiles. However, this enlargement is largely due to the basal ganglia, with the other areas remaining relatively primitive in structure. UBERON:0001893 UMLS:C0039452 VHOG:0000283 XAO:0000012 ZFA:0000079 cerebral cerebrum dolphins are the only species (other than humans) to have cerebra accounting for as much as 2 percent of their body weight. endbrain http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=31 relationship loss: develops_from presumptive telencephalon (TAO:0000571)[TAO] supratentorial region telenencephalic uberon metencephalon Anterior part of the hindbrain ventral to the cerebellum[NIFSTD:birnlex_965]. BAMS:Met BTO:0000673 CALOHA:TS-2029 DHBA:10655 EHDAA2:0001149 EHDAA:5498 EMAPA:17071 FMA:62003 GAID:594 HBA:4833 MA:0000197 MESH:D020540 Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons (where present) and the cerebellum[WP,modified]. The anterior of two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo. It gives rise to cerebellum and pons. [TFD][VHOG] The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001895 UMLS:C0376353 UMLS:C1516904 VHOG:0000741 epencephalon epencephalon-2 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=543 the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds[Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain]. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata and thus these are not distinguished in ZFA[ZFA]. uberon medulla oblongata AAO:0010486 BAMS:MY BAMS:Md BM:Me BTO:0000041 CALOHA:TS-0607 Classical anatomical studies subdivided the vertebrate rhombencephalon into pons and medulla oblongata. (...) The medulla oblongata appears therefore as a tagma, that is, a group of segmental units (pseudorhombomeres, in this case) sharing some morphological and molecular characteristics, and in some aspects different from the segmental units present in adjoining brain regions, pons and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] DMBA:17352 EFO:0000924 EHDAA2:0001088 EHDAA:7588 EMAPA:17550 EV:0100275 FMA:62004 GAID:590 MA:0000206 MAT:0000111 MAT:0000367 MBA:354 MESH:D008526 MIAA:0000111 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwCqnXJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures[FMA]. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate[GO]. Posterior portion of the hindbrain which controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.[AAO] TAO:0000545 The posterior region of the brain that is continuous with the spinal cord. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-17, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] UBERON:0001896 UMLS:C0025148 UMLS:C1269575 VHOG:0000181 XAO:0003100 ZFA:0000545 bulb bulbus http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=698 medulla medulla oblonzata metepencephalon uberon endothelium of artery AAO:0011013 An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004757 EMAPA:35148 FMA:62116 MA:0000707 The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.[AAO] UBERON:0001917 UMLS:C1179025 VHOG:0001215 Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000357 arterial endothelium artery endothelium uberon midbrain tegmentum 'tegmentum' is used generically for the ventral part of the brainstem (ISBN10:0471888893). We use the label 'midbrain tegmentum' to denote the midbrain structure. In NIFSTD tegmentum is a composite structure and there is a separate class for midbrain tegmentum and pontine tegmentum BAMS:MTg BTO:0003388 DHBA:12195 EFO:0000921 EHDAA2:0004475 EMAPA:18215 FMA:62393 HBA:9002 MA:0000212 MAT:0000452 MTg TAO:0000160 Together, our results reveal a shared basic organization in the tegmental domains of the diencephalon and midbrain of developing lamprey, indicating early appearance of the domain in vertebrate phylogeny.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001943 UMLS:C0039441 VHOG:0001367 Ventral part of the midbrain, separated from the hindbrain by the isthmus[ISBN10:0471888893]. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle[FMA] The part of the midbrain extending from the substantia nigra to the cerebral aqueduct in a horizontal section of the midbrain. It forms the floor of the midbrain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct[WP]. XAO:0004271 ZFA:0000160 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=491 mesencephalic tegmentum tegmentum tegmentum mesencephali tegmentum mesencephalicum tegmentum of midbrain uberon regional part of spinal cord A multi-tissue structure that is part of a spinal cord. UBERON:0001948 UMLS:C1268166 spinal cord part uberon mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue FMA:62819 MA:0000140 MALT UBERON:0001961 UMLS:C0599921 diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin[WP]. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes[GO]. epithelio-lymphoid tissue mucosa associated lymphatic tissue mucosa associated lymphoid tissue mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue todo - add part relationships to specific layers uberon gut-associated lymphoid tissue FMA:62820 GALT MA:0000136 Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in digestive tract. includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules[GO]. UBERON:0001962 UMLS:C0596638 gut associated lymphoid tissue guts of jawless fish contains cells with lymphocyte-like morphology (Mayer 2002). phylogenetic relationships to be added uberon blood plasma BTO:0000131 CALOHA:TS-0800 EFO:0001905 EMAPA:35690 FMA:62970 GAID:1178 MA:0002501 MAT:0000052 MESH:D010949 MIAA:0000052 OpenCyc:Mx4rEg4ZYrIbEduAAAAOpmP6tw The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. UBERON:0001969 UMLS:C0032105 blood plasm plasma portion of blood plasma portion of plasma uberon bile BTO:0000121 CALOHA:TS-1172 ENVO:02000023 FMA:62971 GAID:1157 In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum. MA:0002513 MESH:D001646 UBERON:0001970 UMLS:C0005388 aids the process of digestion of lipids in the small intestine bile salts function to emulsify dietary fats and facilitate their intestinal absorption elimination of cholesterol fel galen:Bile gall major excretory route for potentially harmful exogenous lipophilic substances many hormones and pheromones are excreted in bile, and contribute to growth and development of the intestine in some species and provide attractants for the weaning of non-human vertebrates protects the organism from enteric infections by excreting immune globulin A (IgA), inflammatory cytokines, and stimulating the innate immune system in the intestine uberon vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. venule BTO:0002626 EMAPA:35917 FMA:63130 MA:0000071 MESH:A07.231.432.952 Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature formed by the anastomosis of capillaries. Venules carry blood toward the heart.[TAO] One of the minute vessels that collect deoxygenated blood from the capillary plexuses returns it to the veins TAO:0005315 UBERON:0001979 UMLS:C0042520 VHOG:0001765 ZFA:0005315 uberon venula arteriole AAO:0010253 BTO:0001997 EMAPA:35146 FMA:63182 MA:0000063 MESH:D001160 Multi-tissue structure part of the blood vasculature, feeds into capillaries. Arterioles carry blood away from the heart.[TAO] Small, terminal branch of an artery which generally connects to capillaries.[AAO] TAO:0002138 The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. UBERON:0001980 UMLS:C0003847 VHOG:0001763 ZFA:0005255 arteriola uberon blood vessel A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. AAO:0011004 AEO:0000207 Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body. [XAO:0001011_][VHOG] Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.[AAO] BTO:0001102 CALOHA:TS-0080 EFO:0000817 EHDAA2:0003252 EHDAA:240 EMAPA:32743 EMAPA:35993 FMA:50722 FMA:63183 FMA:63183 Blood vessel is categorized as 'general anatomical term'. Suggestion to map to region of vascular tree from Terry H at JAX GAID:169 MA:0000060 MAT:0000393 MESH:D001808 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjxlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002137 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001981 UMLS:C0005847 VHOG:0001250 XAO:0001011 ZFA:0005314 annelids have blood vessels, but this class is not applicable to annelids. consider adopting the EMAPA superclass 'vascular element', which includes microvasculature (e.g. capillaries), vascular plexus region of vascular tree organ uberon vas sanguineum vascular element vascular tree organ region capillary AAO:0010252 Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. Any of the tiny blood vessels connecting the arterioles to the venules.[AAO] BTO:0002045 CALOHA:TS-2006 EFO:0001906 EMAPA:35198 EV:0100035 FMA:63194 MA:0000065 MESH:A07.231.432.410 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWEU-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005250 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0001982 UMLS:C0935624 VHOG:0001253 XAO:0000116 ZFA:0005250 blood capillary capillaries lack tunica media and tunica adventitia; only the endothelial wall of the tunica intima belongs capillary vessel not all sources agree capillary is a blood vessel - consider adopting EMAPA superclass of vascular element uberon endothelium A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA] BTO:0000393 CALOHA:TS-0278 EFO:0002548 FMA:63916 GAID:520 MESH:D004727 The term 'endothelium' has been either restricted to the continuous cell layer of the vertebrates, as we are assuming here, or applied to all the cells able to adhere to the luminal surface of the vascular basement membrane (Casley-Smith 1980) UBERON:0001986 UMLS:C0014257 endothelial galen:Endothelium uberon fibrocartilage A mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. It owes its flexibility and toughness to the former of these constituents, and its elasticity to the latter. It is the only type of cartilage that contains type I collagen in addition to the normal type I[Wikipedia:Fibrocartilage]I Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel without a well-defined perichondrium[FMA:64784]. Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns. Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.[VSAO] FMA:64784 MA:0000108 The white fibrocartilages admit of arrangement into four groups-interarticular, connecting, circumferential, and stratiform -- WP. EDITOR NOTE: TODO add mineralized UBERON:0001995 UMLS:C0684077 VSAO:0000103 XAO:0004028 fibrocartilage tissue fibrocartilaginous galen:Fibrocartilage stratified cartilage tissue uberon portal vein A vein that conducts blood from the digestive organs, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver[BTO]. BTO:0001792 CALOHA:TS-0814 EHDAA2:0001485 EHDAA:6510 EMAPA:17349 FMA:66645 GAID:540 MA:0002198 MESH:D011169 OpenCyc:Mx4rv_bem5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002017 UMLS:C0032718 VHOG:0000656 XAO:0000392 galen:PortalVein portal venous tree organ part uberon gray matter A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. AEO:0001012 EHDAA2:0003136 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004658 FMA:67242 HBA:4006 MA:0001112 Multi-tissue comprised of neurons, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells, and capillaries.[TAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rwDdKMpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002197 UBERON:0002020 UMLS:C0018220 VHOG:0001768 ZFA:0001681 gray mater gray matter gray matter of neuraxis grey matter grey matter of neuraxis grey substance grisea neuronal grey matter substantia grisea uberon hindbrain AAO:0010150 BAMS:HB BTO:0000672 CALOHA:TS-0457 DHBA:10653 DMBA:16808 EFO:0000923 EHDAA2:0000746 EHDAA:3514 EHDAA:6487 EMAPA:16916 FMA:67687 Fine structural, computerized three-dimensional (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights into the phylogenetic origin of the vertebrate nervous system. The results suggest that several of the genetic mechanisms for establishing and patterning the vertebrate nervous system already operated in the ancestral chordate and that the nerve cord of the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates included a diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000195 MAT:0000107 MBA:1065 MESH:D012249 MIAA:0000107 Posterior part of the brain consisting of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.[AAO] TAO:0000029 The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain, forming the rhombencephalon and all or most of the metencephalon. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. UBERON:0002028 UMLS:C0035507 UMLS:C1522180 VHOG:0000070 XAO:0000015 ZFA:0000029 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=540 in MA, brainstem and hindbrain and part-of siblings under brain, consistent with FMA and NIF. See also notes for cerebellum. We weaken the relation in ABA to overlaps relationship loss: develops_from hindbrain neural tube (TAO:0007043)[TAO] rhombencephalic rhombencephalon uberon striated muscle tissue AAO:0010762 AEO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-2047 EHDAA2:0003140 EMAPA:36390 FMA:67905 MA:0002438 Muscle tissue that contains fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations. OpenCyc:Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002036 UMLS:C1331262 Voluntary muscle tissue arranged in bundles of fibers.[AAO] WBbt:0005779 galen:StriatedMuscle striated muscle uberon cerebellum AAO:0010485 BAMS:CB BAMS:Cb BM:CB BTO:0000232 CALOHA:TS-0125 DHBA:10656 Dorsal part of the hindbrain that coordinates muscle movement, posture, and balance.[AAO] EFO:0000327 EHDAA2:0000232 EMAPA:17787 EV:0100293 FMA:67944 GAID:595 HBA:4696 However, although the lamprey possesses a region comparable to the cerebellum and display expression of LjFgf8/17 at the MHB (midbrain hindbrain boundary), it does not have Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei, as well as components of the rhombic lip-derived cerebellar and pre-cerebellar systems. It is noteworthy that the latter structures require specific expression of Pax6 in the rhombic lip of the gnathostome hindbrain. Interestingly, the lamprey rhombic lip does not express Pax6. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that in vertebrate evolution the rostral hindbrain is incapable of differentiating into the cerebellum before the co-option of Pax6 in that region. In other words, cerebellum has been brought about as an evolutionary innovation in gnathostomes, based on exaptation of MHB, rhombic lip, and some regulatory gene expression already present in the vertebrate common ancestor.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000198 MAT:0000110 MBA:512 MESH:D002531 MIAA:0000110 OpenCyc:Mx4rvl1eipwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. Specialized brain region derived from the dorsal metencephalon (anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain) and becoming distinctive late in the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] TAO:0000100 The absence of a cerebellum in hagfishes and lampreys appears to be the only exception [to the rule that vertebrates possess the same number of brain divisions]. Both hagfishes and lampreys do possess a thin band of cells located medial to the lateral line centers of the medulla (Ronan and Northcutt, 1998), which has been interpreted as a primitive cerebellum (Larsell, 1967), but more recent experimental studies (Kishida et al., 1987; Weigle and Northcutt, 1998) fail to support Larsell's claim[http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/4/743.full] UBERON:0002037 UMLS:C0007765 UMLS:C1268981 VHOG:0000024 XAO:0003098 ZFA:0000100 almost all AOs agree that the cerebellum is part of the hindbrain (sometimes specifically part of the metencephalon, which, when present, is part of the hindbrain). However, ABA has cerebellum and brain stem as partof siblings, with the hindbrain part of the brainstem cerebellar corpus cerebelli epencephalon-1 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=643 infratentorial region parencephalon uberon thyroid gland (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (2) a groove in the pharyngeal floor known as the endostyle, or a thyroid gland derived from part of the endostyle (...).[well established][VHOG] A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]. AAO:0010544 BTO:0001379 CALOHA:TS-1047 EFO:0000861 EHDAA2:0002028 EHDAA:2148 EHDAA:2975 EMAPA:17068 EV:0100133 Either of paired structures located in the throat which develop from the ventral wall of the pharynx and excretes hormones involved in the morphological and functional changes during metamorphosis as well as influencing other tissues.[AAO] FMA:9603 GAID:465 In fish, it is usually located below the gills and is not always divided into distinct lobes. However, in some teleosts, patches of thyroid tissue are found elsewhere in the body, associated with the kidneys, spleen, heart, or eyes In larval lampreys, the thyroid originates as an exocrine gland, secreting its hormones into the gut, and associated with the larva's filter-feeding apparatus. In the adult lamprey, the gland separates from the gut, and becomes endocrine, but this path of development may reflect the evolutionary origin of the thyroid. For instance, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, the tunicates and Amphioxus, have a structure very similar to that of larval lampreys, and this also secretes iodine-containing compounds (albeit not thyroxine) In tetrapods, the thyroid is always found somewhere in the neck region. In most tetrapod species, there are two paired thyroid glands - that is, the right and left lobes are not joined together. However, there is only ever a single thyroid gland in most mammals, and the shape found in humans is common to many other species MA:0000129 MAT:0000081 MESH:D013961 MIAA:0000081 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjLT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002046 UMLS:C0040132 VHOG:0000418 XAO:0000162 galen:ThyroidGland glandula thyroidea thyroid uberon lung AAO:0000275 AAO:0010567 BTO:0000763 CALOHA:TS-0568 EFO:0000934 EHDAA2:0001042 EHDAA:1554 EHDAA:2205 EMAPA:16728 EV:0100042 Either of two organs which allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.[AAO] FMA:7195 GAID:345 Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata. (...) In actinopterygian fishes, apart from Cladistia, the ventral intestinal pocket migrates dorsally and becomes the swim-bladder, a mainly hydrostatical organ (reference 1); Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate molecular homology of zebrafish swimbladder and Mammalian lung (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] MA:0000415 MAT:0000135 MESH:D008168 MIAA:0000135 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Respiration organ that develops as an oupocketing of the esophagus. Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP] UBERON:0002048 UMLS:C0024109 VHOG:0000310 XAO:0000119 galen:Lung pulmo pulmonary respiration organ in all air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located in the chest on either side of the heart. Their principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. // Avian lungs do not have alveoli as mammalian lungs do, they have Faveolar lungs. They contain millions of tiny passages known as para-bronchi, connected at both ends by the dorsobronchi uberon vasculature An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. BTO:0003718 FMA:69050 TAO:0005249 UBERON:0002049 ZFA:0005249 see also: vascular system. Consider merging? uberon vascular vascular network embryonic structure AAO:0000138 Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[AAO] Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[TAO] Anatomical structure that is part of the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells.[VSAO] BILA:0000034 BTO:0000174 CALOHA:TS-2110 EFO:0000461 FBbt:00004208 FMA:69067 GAID:407 MESH:D004628 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 TAO:0001105 UBERON:0002050 UMLS:C0013948 VSAO:0000178 XAO:0003042 ZFA:0001105 developing embryonic structure developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic anatomical structure embryonic structures in FMA embryo is_a embryonic structure uberon endocardial cushion (Cardiac valve formation in vertebrates) In response to a myocardial signal, endocardial cells at chamber boundaries take on a mesenchymal character, delaminate and migrate into the cardiac jelly. There, they form an endocardial cushion that is later remodelled into a valve.[well established][VHOG] AV cushion EHDAA2:0000434 EHDAA2:0004028 EHDAA:2586 EMAPA:16696 FMA:70302 GO graph seems to suggest this is an endothelium. WP: The endocardial cushions are thought to arise from a subset of endothelial cells that undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, a process whereby these cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube). Latest (2010-06-01) new def suggested for GO, added above. Note that EHDAA2 has a more detailed model which we may later adopt. JB: Patterning makes the cushions lay down connective tissue in three domains that force out the local endothelial lining and so the leaflets form MA:0000078 Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves.[TAO] TAO:0001317 The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. UBERON:0002062 VHOG:0000932 XAO:0004189 ZFA:0001317 atrioventricular canal cushion atrioventricular cushion cardiac cushion endocardial cushion tissue endocardial cushions relationship loss: develops_from endocardial ring (TAO:0005072)[TAO] uberon dermis A collagenous layer of the skin subjacent to the epidermis and covering the hypodermis. It contains various types of cells (e.g. fibroblasts, pigment cells, nerve, blood vessels and scales. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] AAO:0000128 BTO:0000294 CALOHA:TS-2076 Consider adding a layer-of-skin grouping class for all skin layers EFO:0000953 EMAPA:17527 EV:0100154 FMA:70323 GAID:1321 MA:0000152 MAT:0000153 MESH:D020405 MIAA:0000153 TAO:0001119 The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. UBERON:0002067 UMLS:C0011646 VHOG:0000108 When approaching controversies surrounding skin evolution, we need to remember that the skin consists of two layers, an epidermis and a dermis, not a single evolving structure. (...) It is little wonder that controversies about homology exist. If we think of the epidermis, the dermis, and their interactions as an evolving unit, then their specialized products (hair, feathers, and reptilian scales) are broadly homologous.[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000217 ZFA:0001119 corium cutis dermal uberon vertebrate dermis hypodermis A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] A layer separating the inner face of the dermis from the subjacent muscle cells. It is covered on both sides by a basement membrane. It contains pigment cells[FMA:70544]. BTO has 'subcutis', as part of dermis. We follow FMA in having distinct classes for hypodermis and superficial fascia, and including these as part of the non-skin intgeument. BTO:0001314 CALOHA:TS-2366 FMA:70544 Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. TAO:0001136 UBERON:0002072 UMLS:C0278403 ZFA:0001136 hypoderm hypodermal sub-tegumental tissue subcutaneous subcutaneous tissue subcutaneus subcutis subtegumental tissue superficial fascia tela subcutanea uberon vertebrate hypodermis viscus AAO:0010386 An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.[AAO] An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. BTO:0001491 EHDAA:512 EMAPA:16245 FMA:7085 MA:0000019 MESH:D014781 Organsystem@ge RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 UBERON:0002075 UMLS:C0042779 XAO:0003034 general anatomical term in FMA. Note that we place the MA class here temporarily, although properly systems should be distinguished from organs. splanchnic tissue uberon viscera visceral organ visceral organ system visceral tissue right cardiac atrium A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. AAO:0010248 BTO:0001703 EHDAA2:0000290 EMAPA:17321 FMA:7096 MA:0000075 OpenCyc:Mx4runNcs6fqEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rDJ89oqgPEdudWQACs5b6Bw Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.[FMA] The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002078 UMLS:C0225844 VHOG:0000328 XAO:0003192 atrium dextrum cardiac right atrium galen:RightAtrium heart right atrium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern right atrium right atrium of heart right cardiac atrium uberon left cardiac atrium A cardiac atrium that is in the left side of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, In mammals this is pumped into the left ventricle, via the Mitral valve. AAO:0010247 BTO:0001702 EHDAA2:0000275 EMAPA:17315 FMA:7097 Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.[FMA] MA:0000074 OpenCyc:Mx4rkJN1AagEEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rDJ89oqgPEdudWQACs5b6Bw The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs[XAO:EJS]. The tetrapod clade develops a complete atrial septum and loses the fifth aortic arch altogether.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002079 UMLS:C0225860 VHOG:0000369 XAO:0003191 atrium sinistrum cardiac left atrium galen:LeftAtrium heart left atrium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern left atrium left atrium of heart left cardiac atrium uberon heart right ventricle A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. BTO:0001630 CALOHA:TS-0443 EHDAA2:0000196 EMAPA:17340 FMA:7098 In mammals continuous with the pulmonary arteries MA:0000093 OpenCyc:Mx4rRMlc0KgNEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The muscular chamber on the right and in front of the left ventricle. It generally receives venous blood from the right atrium and conveys it into the pulmonary artery. [(1988)_Dorian_AF, Amsterdam, Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B._Anatomy, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier's_Encyclopaedic_Dictionary_of_Medicine][VHOG] UBERON:0002080 UMLS:C0225883 VHOG:0000717 cardiac right ventricle galen:RightVentricle https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern right cardiac ventricle right ventricle right ventricle of heart uberon ventriculus dexter cardiac atrium AAO:0010246 BTO:0000903 CALOHA:TS-0437 Cardiac atria Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart. EFO:0000277 EHDAA2:0000154 EHDAA:1265 EMAPA:16688 EV:0100019 FMA:7099 GAID:555 In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...).[well established][VHOG] MA:0000073 MAT:0000496 MESH:D006325 One of four heart chambers.[TAO] One of two chambers of the heart which receive blood from the veins and forces it by muscular contration to the ventricle.[AAO] TAO:0000471 UBERON:0002081 UMLS:C0018792 VHOG:0000175 ZFA:0000471 atria atrial tissue atrium atrium of heart cardiac atria galen:Atrium heart atrium uberon cardiac ventricle A chamber of the heart that receives blood from one or more atria and pumps it by muscular contraction into the arteries.[AAO] AAO:0010249 BTO:0000862 CALOHA:TS-0444 Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart. EFO:0000317 EHDAA2:0004164 EHDAA:1912 EMAPA:17331 EV:0100020 FMA:7100 GAID:568 In the primitive vertebrate heart the four chambers are: 1. Sinus venosus (...) 2. Atrium (...) 3. Ventricle (...) 4. Conus arteriosus (...)[well established][VHOG] MA:0000091 MAT:0000497 MESH:D006352 One of four heart chambers.[TAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000009 UBERON:0002082 UMLS:C0018827 VHOG:0000435 XAO:0003193 ZFA:0000009 galen:Ventricle heart ventricle lower chamber of heart uberon ventricle ventricle of heart heart left ventricle A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. BTO:0001629 CALOHA:TS-0439 EHDAA2:0002178 EMAPA:17337 FMA:7101 In mammals continuous with aorta MA:0000092 OpenCyc:Mx4rtW8v46gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjj1pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The vertebrate heart initially forms as a tube from a population of precursor cells termed the first heart field (FHF). Cells from the adjacent second heart field (SHF) are then progressively added to the developing heart. In avian and mammalian hearts, the FHF contributes mainly to the left ventricle, whereas the SHF gives rise to the outflow tract and large portions of the right ventricle and atria. Both fields arise from common mesodermal progenitors, although the detailed lineage relationships between FHF and SHF remain uncertain.[well established][VHOG] Thick-walled muscular chamber constituting the left border and apex of the heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral orifice and send it off into the aorta. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0002084 UMLS:C0225897 VHOG:0000718 cardiac left ventricle galen:LeftVentricle https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern left cardiac ventricle left ventricle left ventricle of heart uberon ventriculus sinister cordis postcranial axial skeleton AAO:0000034 EFO:0000942 EHDAA2:0000161 EHDAA:5049 EMAPA:17214 FMA:71221 MA:0002986 MAT:0000148 MIAA:0000148 Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] TAO:0000317 The axial musculoskeletal system represents the plesiomorphic locomotor engine of the vertebrate body, playing a central role in locomotion. In craniates, the evolution of the postcranial skeleton is characterized by two major transformations. First, the axial skeleton became increasingly functionally and morphologically regionalized. Second, the axial-based locomotion plesiomorphic for craniates became progressively appendage-based with the evolution of extremities in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, a metameric, semi-flexible, arched bar located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of cartilaginous or bony vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.[AAO] The post-cranial structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; usually consists of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins.[TAO] The post-cranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. UBERON:0002090 VHOG:0000317 VSAO:0000093 XAO:0003073 ZFA:0000317 axial skeleton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton post-cranial axial skeleton previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed. uberon appendicular skeleton AAO:0000747 EFO:0000951 EMAPA:32729 FMA:71222 MA:0000290 MAT:0000278 MIAA:0000278 Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes.[VSAO] Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO] Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. The pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hind limbs, form the appendicular skeleton.[AAO] UBERON:0002091 UMLS:C0222646 VHOG:0001666 VSAO:0000076 XAO:0003166 appendicular skeleton entire appendicular skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved. paired fin skeleton skeleton appendiculare uberon skin of body BTO:0001253 CALOHA:TS-0934 EFO:0000962 EHDAA2:0001844 EMAPA:17525 FMA:7163 MA uses the term skin to refer to what is called here: zone of skin MESH:D012867 MFMO:0000099 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjX3ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. UBERON:0002097 UMLS:C1123023 XAO:0000023 consider 'integumentary system' for invertebrates entire integument entire skin galen:Skin integument integumental organ pelt skin skin organ uberon trunk AAO:0010339 BILA:0000116 BTO:0001493 CALOHA:TS-1071 EFO:0000966 EMAPA:31857 FMA:7181 MA:0000004 MAT:0000296 MIAA:0000296 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkJjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[AAO] Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.[TAO] Rumpf TAO:0001115 UBERON:0002100 UMLS:C0460005 XAO:0000054 XAO:0003025 ZFA:0001115 galen:Trunk thoracolumbar region torso trunk region uberon limb A paired appendage that is evolved from a paired fin. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the girdle and its parts. AAO:0010336 AEO:0000172 CALOHA:TS-0552 EFO:0000876 EHDAA2:0003172 EHDAA:1697 EHDAA:8273 EMAPA:16405 FMA:24875 GAID:36 MA:0000007 MAT:0000090 MIAA:0000090 Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rvn1uSZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation.[AAO] UBERON:0002101 UMLS:C0015385 VHOG:0000336 VSAO:0000121 XAO:0003027 extremities extremity flipper free limb galen:Extremity limb sensu vertebrata pentadactyl limb tetrapod limb uberon hindlimb A (free) limb that is connected to a pelvic girdle region. The extent of this structure includes autopod, stylopod and zeugopod regions when present, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its parts. AAO:0000219 BTO:0002345 CALOHA:TS-2215 EFO:0000883 EHDAA2:0001033 EHDAA:6094 EMAPA:17458 EV:0100015 FMA:24879 GAID:1221 GAID:38 Lower limb, which connects the pes with the pelvic girdle.[AAO] MA:0000026 MAT:0000395 MESH:D006614 MIAA:0000395 Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002103 UMLS:C0023216 UMLS:C1522391 VHOG:0000337 VSAO:0000150 XAO:0003031 crural free lower limb free part of lower limb galen:LowerExtremity hind limb hind-limb hindlimb inferior member lower extremity lower limb membrum inferius membrum inferius note that this corresponds to FMA:'free lower limb' (a limb segment), NOT 'lower limb'. Both MA and FMA consider shoulder (and shoulder bones) part of upper limb. Note that AAO class probably refers to skeleton pelvic appendage uberon visual system AAO:0000632 BILA:0000140 EMAPA:36003 FMA:7191 MA:0002444 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCtpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001127 The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. The sensory system used for sight.[AAO] UBERON:0002104 UBERON:0007036 UMLS:C0587900 XAO:0003198 ZFA:0001127 photosensory system uberon visual organ system vestibulo-auditory system AAO:0000631 EMAPA:36002 FMA:78500 Sensory system responsible for the perception of spatial orientation and auditory stimuli. TAO:0001138 The sensory system used for balance and hearing.[AAO] UBERON:0002105 XAO:0003195 ZFA:0001138 auditory organ system auditory system auditory/vestibular system uberon vestibuloauditory system vestibuloauditory system liver AAO:0010111 All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003). BTO:0000759 CALOHA:TS-0564 EFO:0000887 EHDAA2:0000997 EHDAA:2197 EMAPA:16846 EV:0100089 FMA:7197 GAID:288 MA:0000358 MAT:0000097 MESH:D008099 MIAA:0000097 Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function. OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO] TAO:0000123 The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates. UBERON:0002107 UMLS:C0023884 VHOG:0000257 XAO:0000133 ZFA:0000123 galen:Liver hepatic iecur jecur relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. uberon small intestine AAO:0010397 BTO:0000651 CALOHA:TS-0942 EFO:0000841 EMAPA:32834 EV:0100072 FMA:7200 GAID:313 Intestinal surface area also is increased in amphibians and reptiles by internal folds and occasionally by a few villi. The intestine can be divided into a small intestine and a slightly wider large intestine.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000337 MAT:0000047 MESH:A03.492.411.620 MIAA:0000047 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. TAO:0001323 The terminal region of the mid intestine is comprised of specialized enterocytes that appear to play a role in mucosal immunity. Wallace et al, 2005.[TAO] UBERON:0002108 UMLS:C0021852 VHOG:0000055 XAO:0000130 ZFA:0001323 anterior intestine galen:SmallIntestine intestinum tenue mid intestine small bowel small intestine uberon gall bladder AAO:0010114 An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. BTO:0000493 CALOHA:TS-0394 EFO:0000853 EHDAA2:0000699 EHDAA:8062 EMAPA:17202 EV:0100090 FMA:7202 MA:0000356 MAT:0000072 MESH:D005704 MIAA:0000072 Membranous muscular sac in which the bile from the liver remains stored until it is required. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ attached to the liver which stores bile and empties into the duodenum via the bile duct as needed for digestion.[AAO] Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988) TAO:0000208 The presence of a gallbladder appears to be a primitive trait. It is found in most fish and all adult reptiles and amphibians and has been well conserved in mammals, for the most part.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002110 UMLS:C0016976 VHOG:0000221 XAO:0000135 ZFA:0000208 galen:Gallbladder gall bladder gallbladder relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (UBERON:0000925)[AAO] uberon vesica biliaris vesica fellea kidney A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function. AAO:0000250 BTO:0000671 CALOHA:TS-0510 EFO:0000929 EMAPA:17373 EV:0100096 FMA:7203 GAID:423 MA:0000368 MAT:0000119 MESH:D007668 MIAA:0000119 One of either of a pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.[AAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002113 UMLS:C0022646 XAO:0003267 galen:Kidney renal reniculate kidney uberon duodenum AAO:0010402 BTO:0000365 CALOHA:TS-0214 EFO:0000851 EMAPA:18852 EV:0100073 FMA:7206 GAID:284 In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10-15 inches (25-38 centimetres) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal bulb and ends at the ligament of Treitz. MA:0000338 MAT:0000044 MESH:A03.492.411.620.270 MIAA:0000044 OpenCyc:Mx4rv4LJDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). The fixed portion of the small intestine deeply lodged in the posterior wall of the abdomen and extending from the pylorus to the beginning of the jejunum. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] UBERON:0002114 UMLS:C0013303 VHOG:0000052 XAO:0000236 duodenal galen:Duodenum proximal intestine uberon upper intestine pronephros A kidney formed of nephric tubules arising in the anterior region of the nephric ridge; forms only as a transient embryonic structure. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Kardong_KV, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.748][VHOG] AAO:0011089 BTO:0001541 EFO:0000927 EHDAA2:0001570 EHDAA:1017 EMAPA:16579 FMA:72170 In all vertebrate embryos, the kidney begins with the differentiation of a few renal tubules from the anterior end of the nephric ridge overlying the pericardial cavity. (...) This early-developing embryonic kidney is called the pronephros.[well established][VHOG] In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO]. MAT:0000117 MIAA:0000117 Once the more complex mesonephros forms the pronephros undergoes apoptosis in amphibians. In fishes the nephron degenerates but the organ remains and becomes a component of the immune system[Wikipedia:Pronephros]. // TODO - check developmental relationships. Note that we previously include the ZFA/XAO terms under the more specific 'pronephric kidney', but these are now merged. TODO GCI: relationship: capable_of GO:0030104 Organ that serves as a transient kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages and then degenerating during metamorphosis.[AAO] TAO:0000151 The embryonic kidney, present at the level of the third somite, is composed of two glomeruli fused at the midline, two pronephric tubules, and paired bilateral pronephric ducts that modify the composition of the blood filtrate before delivering it to the cloaca for excretion.Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] UBERON:0002120 UBERON:0005794 UMLS:C0231048 VHOG:0000037 XAO:0002000 ZFA:0000151 archinephron embryonic kidney pronephric pronephric kidney pronephron uberon atrioventricular valve A cardial valve in the atrioventricular region that separates the atrium from the ventricle and prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole. AV valve EHDAA2:0000153 EHDAA:7421 EMAPA:35154 FMA:7233 MA:0002789 OpenCyc:Mx4rfCfdorrpEduAAAACs6hRXg TAO:0005064 The atrioventricular valve has four distinct leaflets oriented anterior, posterior, left, and right of the atrioventricular orifice. Hu et al. 2001.[TAO] The conus arteriosus is the most distal part of the primitive fish heart and forms the connection between the ventricle and the ventral aorta. At the sinoatrial, the atrioventricular, and the ventriculoconal junctions, valves developed to prevent backflow of blood during relaxation of the preceding compartment.[uncertain][VHOG] UBERON:0002133 VHOG:0001472 Valve in the heart through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles. [TFD][VHOG] ZFA:0005064 atrio-ventricular valve galen:AtrioventricularValve in ZFA this is part of both atrium and ventricle, but we use a connecting relationship here; see also notes for left and right. uberon tricuspid valve An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the right atrium. EHDAA2:0004029 EHDAA:7427 EMAPA:17873 FMA part_ofs changed to connects FMA:7234 GAID:567 MA:0000090 MESH:D014261 OpenCyc:Mx4rvuWAAJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002081 The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[well established][VHOG] The three-segmented valve of the heart that keeps blood in the right ventricle from flowing back into the right atrium. [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0002134 UMLS:C0040960 VHOG:0000816 galen:TricuspidValve right atrioventricular valve uberon valva atrioventricularis dextra valvula tricuspidalis mitral valve A valve of the heart, composed of two triangular flaps, that is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and regulates blood flow between these chambers. [TFD][VHOG] An atrioventricular valve that is part of the outflow part of the left atrium. EFO:0003933 EHDAA2:0000168 EMAPA:17871 FMA part_ofs changed to connects FMA:7235 GAID:565 MA:0000088 MESH:D008943 OpenCyc:Mx4rv4l2nJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002135 UMLS:C0026264 VHOG:0000817 bicuspid valve galen:MitralValve left atrioventricular valve uberon valva atrioventricularis sinistra valva mitralis endocardium AAO:0010408 BTO:0000387 CALOHA:TS-2075 EFO:0000821 EHDAA2:0004153 EMAPA:17868 EMAPA:32686 EV:0100021 FMA:7280 GAID:550 Layer that lines the lumen of the heart.[TAO] MA:0000076 MAT:0000455 MESH:D004699 OpenCyc:Mx4rsWA75K1cEduAAADggVaqvw Part of the heart comprised of thin serous membrane, composed of endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.[AAO] TAO:0001320 The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers[GO]. Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber. UBERON:0002165 UBERON:0006225 UMLS:C0014124 VHOG:0000084 XAO:0000066 ZFA:0001320 endocardial lining endocardial tissue fixed in GO to reflect FMA. See email to David/Varsha June 18 2010 galen:Endocardium heart endocardial tissue heart endocardium uberon right lung EHDAA2:0001730 EHDAA:4969 EMAPA:17661 FMA:7309 Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA] Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000426 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002167 UMLS:C0225706 VHOG:0000301 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern uberon left lung EHDAA2:0000943 EHDAA:4947 EMAPA:17653 FMA:7310 Lung which consists of the left upper lobe and left lower lobe.[FMA] Lungs had already developed as paired ventral pockets from the intestine in the ancestor of Osteognathostomata.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000425 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgIFoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002168 UMLS:C0225730 VHOG:0000618 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern uberon bronchus BTO:0001340 CALOHA:TS-1229 EFO:0000932 EMAPA:32689 EV:0100041 Each of the two primary divisions of the trachea leading respectively into the right and the left lung. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] FMA:7409 GAID:346 In humans, the main bronchus is histologically identical to trachea; 2ary and 3ary bronchi are not; epithelium becomes simple columnar, goblet cell number decreases, elastic fibers in lamina propria increases, distribution more uniform. Muscular layer between mucosa and submucosa appears. cartilage rings become discontinuous plates connected by fibrous connective tissue MA:0000436 MAT:0000133 MESH:D001980 MIAA:0000133 UBERON:0002185 UMLS:C0006255 VHOG:0000262 XAO:0000121 bronchi bronchial bronchial tissue bronchial trunk the upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea uberon bronchiole BTO:0002375 CALOHA:TS-2003 EHDAA:8171 EHDAA:8183 EHDAA:8199 EHDAA:8221 EMAPA:32697 FMA:7410 MA:0000422 OpenCyc:Mx4rvl9iDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002186 UMLS:C0006270 VHOG:0000675 bronchiolar bronchioli bronchiolus lacks submucosa and cartilage plates; they have 3 layers: mucosa, muscular layer and outer layer lobular bronchiole the conducting airway of the lungs found terminal to the bronchi; these structures contain neither cartilage nor mucous-secreting glands; the epithelium of the bronchioles becomes thinner with each branching uberon terminal bronchiole BTO:0003223 EMAPA:36282 FMA:7411 MA:0000424 OpenCyc:Mx4rwS7IU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002187 UMLS:C0225666 bronchioli terminalis bronchiolus terminalis terminal bronchiole tube the last conducting structure of non-respiratory bronchioles; after this point, the airways have alveoli in their walls uberon hemolymphoid system Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. CALOHA:TS-2018 EHDAA2:0004615 EMAPA:18765 FMA:74562 MA:0000013 UBERON:0002193 haemolymphoid system hematolymphoid system lymphomyeloid complex uberon integument AAO:0000239 Anatomical system that protects the body from damage, comprising the skin and its appendages.[AAO] BTO:0000634 FMA:74657 Hautsystem@de Surface structure that is the outer protective covering of the body.[VSAO] TAO:0000368 The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. The outer protective barrier that separates the animal from its aquatic environment. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] UBERON:0002199 VSAO:0000029 ZFA:0000368 dermal system dermis plus epidermis plus hypodermis dermoid system galen:Integument in FMA intergument = skin+superficial fascia(hypodermis), skin=dermis+epidermis+hair_nail. Note that the definition provided here excludes the more general sense of the term 'integument' used in invertebrates; consider 'integumental system'. Note that the VSAO class appears to include adnexa by its definition. integumental integumentary integumentum commune skin skin and subcutaneous tissue skin plus hypodermis tegument the integument uberon vertebrate integument vasculature of head EFO:0003656 FMA:74710 TAO:0001267 UBERON:0002200 Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. XAO:0004152 ZFA:0001267 adult head vascular network adult head vasculature cranial vasculature head vascular network head vasculature uberon vascular network of adult head vascular network of head vasculature of adult head vasculature of trunk A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:74712 TAO:0005024 UBERON:0002201 ZFA:0005024 torso vascular network torso vasculature trunk vascular network trunk vasculature uberon vascular network of torso vascular network of trunk vasculature of torso vasculature of eye FMA:74743 TAO:0007057 UBERON:0002203 Vasculature that is part of the eye region. ZFA:0007057 eye vascular network eye vasculature not part of the eye in ZFA. Note this changed to a blood vessel in ZFA ocular blood vessel ocular vasculature optic vasculature uberon vascular network of eye musculoskeletal system AAO:0010546 Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] CALOHA:TS-1311 EMAPA:32714 EV:0100139 FMA:7482 GAID:98 MA:0002418 MESH:D009141 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVNgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002204 UMLS:C0026860 VHOG:0001275 VSAO:0000031 XAO:0000168 musculo-skeletal system musculoskeletal uberon nerve root A continuation of the neuron projection bundle component of a nerve inside, crossing or immediately outside the central nervous system. FMA has 'central zone of nerve' which is the superclass of cranial nerve tracts, which the FMA sometimes calls roots FMA:5981 FMA:82524 The continuation of the neurite bundle and associated glia of a nerve, inside the central nervous system[FBbt:00007602, FBC:DOS]. UBERON:0002211 UMLS:C0228084 We consider cranial nerve roots to be primarily CNS structures, but model spinal nerve roots as PNS structures, due to the existence of ganglia on the roots. initial segment of nerve radix nervi uberon synovial joint AEO:0000183 CALOHA:TS-2138 EHDAA2:0003183 FMA:7501 Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA] MA:0000322 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005153 UBERON:0002217 ZFA:0005153 articulatio synoviale diarthrodial joints diarthroses diarthrosis diarthrosis joint galen:SynovialJoint uberon thoracic cavity EMAPA:36497 FMA:7565 GAID:93 In many species, the diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities MA:0000032 MESH:A01.911.800 OpenCyc:Mx4rmvyleLfEEduAAAACs6hRXg OpenCyc:Mx4rvhU_TpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The part of the coelemic cavity lumen that is enclosed by the walls of the thorax. UBERON:0002224 UMLS:C0230139 cavitas thoracis cavity of chest cavity of thorax chest cavity pectoral cavity space of thoracic compartment thoracic lumen uberon spinal cord (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...) (reference 1); The neural tube is destined to differentiate into the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010151 BAMS:SP BAMS:Spinal BM:SpC BTO:0001279 CALOHA:TS-0953 DHBA:12890 DMBA:17651 EFO:0000110 EHDAA2:0001255 EHDAA:2863 EMAPA:17577 EV:0100316 FMA:7647 GAID:695 MA:0000216 MAT:0000183 MESH:D013116 MIAA:0000183 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO) Part of the central nervous system which descends from the hindbrain within the vertebral column.[AAO] SpC TAO:0000075 TODO - add superclass to unify with VNC? UBERON:0002240 UMLS:C0037925 VHOG:0000601 XAO:0000020 ZFA:0000075 cerebro-cerebellar fissure cerebrocerebellar fissure fissura cerebro-cerebellaris fissura cerebrocerebellaris http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=22 medulla spinalis spinal cord structure spinal medulla uberon chondrocranium AAO:0010169 Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[AAO] Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed of cartilage and cartilage replacement bones.[TAO] EHDAA2:0000243 EMAPA:17681 Endoskeletal elements that encase the brain, nose, inner ear[cjm]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]. TAO:0001424 UBERON:0002241 VHOG:0000288 ZFA:0001424 calvarium chondrocranial covers the brain dorsally in chondrichthyans neurocranium uberon we follow the standard evolutionary classification and treat this as endoskeletal. This means what MA calls 'chondrocranium' must in fact be neurocranium, as it includes parts of the dermatocranium (e.g. frontal, parietal) olfactory organ AAO:0010180 An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ. BTO:0001772 FBbt:00005158 FMA:77659 UBERON:0002268 VHOG:0000287 XAO:0000273 fma general anatomical term. xao has no subtypes (but Johnstons organ develops from this). An olfactory organ overlaps with the olfactory system, because some parts of the nose (e.g. nasal skeleton) are parts of the skeletal system, which is spatially disjoint main olfactory organ olfactory neuroepithelium olfactory organ olfactory sense organ olfactory sensory organ organ olfactus organum olfactorium primary olfactory organ uberon telencephalic ventricle A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere BAMS:LV BAMS:Tel-V BM:Tel-LV BTO:0000879 CALOHA:TS-1230 DHBA:10596 DMBA:126651562 EFO:0001961 EHDAA2:0001984 EHDAA:3502 EHDAA:6576 EMAPA:16914 EV:0100307 FMA:78448 GAID:611 HBA:9419 MA:0000192 MBA:81 MESH:D020547 OpenCyc:Mx4rvYsFdZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000696 Telencephalic ventricles The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] The lateral ventricles are part of the ventricular system of the brain. Classified as part of the telencephalon, they are the largest of the ventricles. The lateral ventricles connect to the central third ventricle through the interventricular foramina of Monro[WP]. The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle[GO]. UBERON:0002285 UMLS:C0152279 VHOG:0000643 ZFA:0000696 forebrain ventricle lateral ventricle lateral ventricle of brain lateral ventricles modeled as space in EHDAA2 tectal ventricle telencephalic ventricle telencephalic vesicle telencephalon lateral ventricle uberon biliary system FMA:79646 GAID:279 MA:0001273 MESH:D001659 Organ system subdivision that consists of the organs and ducts that are involved in the production and transportation of bile. In most species this is the gallbladder and the bile ducts (biliary tree). UBERON:0002294 biliary apparatus biliary tract uberon brainstem 'brainstem' is a loose term that sometimes refers to the ventral parts o the brain except for any part of the telencephalon - sometimes it includes the diencephalon or subpallial telencephalon structures (ISBN10:0471888893). Here we use it in a more restriced sense, to include only the medulla oblongata, pons (when present) and the midbrain tegmentum (following the ZFA definitions). BAMS:BS BTO:0000146 CALOHA:TS-0093 EFO:0001962 EMAPA:32678 EV:0100241 FMA:79876 MA:0000169 MBA:343 MESH:D001933 Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain.[TAO] Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted][ZFA:0001707]. Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized]. TAO:0002156 UBERON:0002298 UMLS:C0006121 VHOG:0001457 ZFA:0001707 accessory medullary lamina of pallidum brain stem http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=236 lamella pallidi incompleta lamina medullaris accessoria lamina medullaris incompleta pallidi lamina pallidi incompleta the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord[MP] truncus encephali truncus encephalicus uberon choroid plexus of lateral ventricle BAMS:cplv DHBA:10601 EHDAA2:0004449 EMAPA:17769 FMA:83711 HBA:9708 MA:0000961 Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle TAO:0001447 UBERON:0002307 UMLS:C0152289 VHOG:0001376 ZFA:0001447 chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of lateral ventricle choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle choroid plexus uberon nucleus of brain A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. EMAPA:35185 FMA:83840 MA:0000811 UBERON:0002308 UMLS:C1706993 ZFA:0005575 brain nuclei brain nucleus uberon white matter AEO:0000139 AEO:0001011 CNS tract/commissure CNS tracts and commissures CNS white matter Cell part cluster consisting predominantly of neurites in the brain and the spinal cord[FMA:83929]. EMAPA:35927 FMA:83929 HBA:9218 MA:0001135 Multi-tissue structure comprised largely of myelinated axons.[TAO] Neural tissue consisting of myelinated axons connecting grey matter areas of the central nervous system. OpenCyc:Mx4rwOAsDZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA PBA:294022044 TAO:0000145 TAO:0002142 TAO:0002143 The myelination of axons by glial cells was the last major step in the evolution of cells in the vertebrate nervous system, and white-matter tracts are key to the architecture of the mammalian brain.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002316 UMLS:C0682708 VHOG:0001764 ZFA:0001682 neuronal white matter nlx_anat_101177 seems to have been lost in the transition from NIFGA to Neurolex substantia alba uberon white mater white matter of neuraxis white substance coelemic cavity lumen AEO:0000186 Anatomical space, part of the trunk that contains the pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities[ZFA]. BTO:0001707 EHDAA2:0000267 FBbt:00005060 FMA:85006 In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003186 TAO:0001438 The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities. The cavity within the body of all animals higher than the coelenterates and certain primitive worms, formed by the splitting of the embryonic mesoderm into two layers. In mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities[BTO]. UBERON:0000169 UBERON:0002323 UMLS:C0333343 ZFA:0001438 body cavity celom check the FMA placement here; ncit placement of body cavity here probably not correct coelom coelome coelomic cavity coelomic cavity lumen galen:BodyCavity hemocoel main body cavity space of body compartment uberon ventral body cavity notochord (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (3) a stiff, longitudinal rod of turgid cells along the dorsal part of the body that is called a notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. AAO:0000327 Avascular multi-tissue structure composed of large vacuolated epithelial cells (chordablasts) and perichordal fibrous tissue.[VSAO] BTO:0001768 CALOHA:TS-0690 EHDAA2:0001277 EHDAA:1241 EHDAA:6021 EMAPA:16191 EV:0100002 FMA:85521 GAID:1311 In between vertebra the notochord becomes the nucleus pulposus, under it degenerates, and at anterior end in some species its tissue merges with some of the cranial bones.. Some organisms retain a post-embryonic notochord. MAT:0000281 MESH:A16.254.610 Rod-like principal supportive element of the embryo and larva, present in the midline just ventral to the neural tube, and differentiating during the segmentation period to form large vacuolated epithelial cells and a surrounding a sheath of fibrous and elastic layers. Layering of the sheath may differ in structure, thickness and development among groups; in cypriniforms there are actually three very thin layers to the sheath. A functional, well developed notochord is present throughout life in certain basal fish groups but not in cypriniforms. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Slender rod of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a core of fluid-filled cells of mesodermal origin; it lies above the gut and directly beneath the spinal cord. The notochord is present during early development and in a few cases it is retained through life; however, usually the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.[AAO] TAO:0000135 The notochord appears early in embryogeny and plays an important role in promoting or organizing the embryonic development of nearby structures. In most adult chordates the notochord disappears or becomes highly modified. In some non-vertebrate chordates and fishes the notochord persists as a laterally flexible but incompressible skeletal rod that prevents telescopic collapse of the body during swimming[TOLWEB] UBERON:0002328 UMLS:C0028439 VHOG:0000199 VSAO:0000032 XAO:0000055 ZFA:0000135 embryonic notocord notochorda notochordal notocord relationship type change: differentiates_from mesoderm (AAO:0000304) CHANGED TO: develops_from mesoderm (UBERON:0000926)[AAO] uberon somite (...) cephalocordates and craniates belong to a group known as Somitichordata. Somitichordate synapomorphies include (1) somites (...) (reference 1); The idea that the last common ancestor of bilaterian animals (Urbilateria) was segmented has been raised recently on evidence coming from comparative molecular embryology (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010569 AEO:0001015 BTO:0001558 EHDAA2:0003436 EHDAA:366 EHDAA:699 EMAPA:31169 FMA:85522 GAID:1306 MAT:0000068 MESH:A16.254.425.660.750 MIAA:0000068 Post-cranial axial segments which form sclerotome and dermomyotome.[AAO] Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. TAO:0000155 UBERON:0002329 UMLS:C0376449 Undifferentiated mesodermal components of early trunk or tail segments or metameres, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms myotomes, sclerotomes and perhaps dermatomes. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] VHOG:0000191 When the somite becomes segmented from the segmental plate, it is composed of an epithelial sac enclosing mesenchymal somitocoel cells. Thereafter the somite differentiates into two parts, the ventro-medial mesenchymal sclerotome and the dorso-lateral epithelial dermomyotome. This change in the epithelial somite depends on surrounding tissue [PMID:15906248] XAO:0000058 ZFA:0000155 currently classified as an epithelial vesicle, consistent with EHDAA2 and https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest. Consider making 'somitic mesoderm' a separate term and correlate with regionalization processes. Consider moving ZFA term to 'trunk somite' as it is part of the trunk epimere epimere mesoderm epithelial somite mesodermal cluster relationship loss: develops_from paraxial mesenchyme (TAO:0000942)[TAO] relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of trunk (TAO:0001115) CHANGED TO: develops_from trunk (UBERON:0002100)[TAO] relationship type change: part_of paraxial mesoderm (AAO:0010568) CHANGED TO: develops_from paraxial mesoderm (UBERON:0003077)[AAO] somites somitic somitic mesoderm somitus uberon exocrine system Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce exocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity. Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products (hormones) into ducts (duct glands). They are the counterparts to endocrine glands, which secrete their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream (ductless glands) or release hormones (paracrines) that affect only target cells nearby the release site. [Wikipedia]. CALOHA:TS-2057 EHDAA2:0002225 EMAPA:35329 FMA:85539 MA:0002411 UBERON:0002330 UMLS:C1516995 WikipediaCategory:Exocrine_system exocrine glandular system uberon neural crest A cell population arising from the dorsolateral aspect of the central nervous system primordium during the segmentation period, and later migrating along stereotyped pathways to give rise to a diverse and well-defined set of cell types including pigment cells, peripheral neurons and glia, and head cartilage. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. A well developed neural crest population is present in lampreys (Horigome et al. 1999 ; Tomsa & Langeland, 1999) and gnathostomes. chordate fossils from the early Cambrian (Yunnanozoan and Haikouella) with apparent neural-crest derived structures (pharyngeal denticles and pharyngeal skeletons resembling the striped mucocartilage of the branchial bars in lamprey ammocoete larvae), suggests that neural crest arose very early in vertebrate evolution (Chen et al. 1999; Holland & Chen, 2001). The invertebrate chordates apparently lack defini- tive neural crest. One marker of migrating neural crest in some vertebrates, the antibody HNK1, does not recognize any cells in amphioxus embryos (Holland, unpublished). Even so, in both amphioxus and tunicates, cells at the edges of the neural plate and adjacent nonneural ectoderm share some properties of neural crest[PMID:11523831] AAO:0010578 BTO:0001764 CALOHA:TS-0676 EHDAA2:0004419 EMAPA:32737 FMA:86666 GAID:1310 Gene notes: Many factors and genes, such as Pax3 (Tremblay et al., 1995), slug (Nieto et al., 1994), AP-2 (Zhang et al., 1996; Schorle et al., 1996), and Wnt-1/3a (Ikeya et al., 1997) are expressed in the dorsal most region of the neural tube, and have been shown to be involved in the generation of neural crest cells. MAT:0000066 MESH:A16.254.600 MIAA:0000066 Migratory cell population which delaminates from neural tube, borders surface ectoderm and neural ectoderm, and gives rise to many different tissue types.[AAO] NC TAO:0000045 UBERON:0002342 UMLS:C0027789 VHOG:0000057 We conclude that the neural crest is a vertebrate novelty, but that neural crest cells and their derivatives evolved and diversified in a step-wise fashion - first by elaboration of neural plate border cells, then by the innovation or co-option of new or ancient metazoan cell fates.[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000048 ZFA:0000045 consider including subclasses for pre- and post- migratory (e.g. sheets/paths/streams). crista neuralis neural crest material uberon neurectoderm (...) the ability of ectoderm to produce neuronal cells is a general metazoan feature.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011074 BILA:0000039 CALOHA:TS-1212 EHDAA2:0001248 EHDAA:1498 EHDAA:255 EMAPA:16073 EV:0100004 Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. FBbt:00001061 FMA:87657 MAT:0000176 MIAA:0000176 TAO:0001120 UBERON:0002346 UMLS:C1518271 VHOG:0000150 XAO:0000042 ZFA:0001120 epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma neuaral ectoderm neural ectoderm neurectodermal neuroectoderm presumptive central nervous system uberon ventral neurogenic region we prefer neurectoderm to neural ectoderm since placodal ectoderm is not classified here myocardium AAO:0010410 BSA:0000089 BTO:0000901 CALOHA:TS-0440 EFO:0000819 EHDAA2:0004150 EMAPA:32688 EV:0100022 FMA:9462 GAID:173 MA:0000164 MAT:0000453 MESH:D009206 OpenCyc:Mx4ro36AFrCvEduAAAAOpmP6tw RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001220 Robust muscular tunic of the heart which forms the basic part of its walls. Its external surface is covered by the pericardium and its internal one by the endocardium. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] TAO:0001319 TODO - check 'Myocardum proper' in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a 'cardiac muscle' (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium The middle layer of the heart, consisting of cardiac muscle.[AAO] UBERON:0002349 UMLS:C0027061 VHOG:0000083 XAO:0000065 ZFA:0001319 cardiac muscle galen:Myocardium heart muscle heart myocardium muscle of heart myocardial the middle layer of the heart, comprised mainly of striated cardiac muscle fibers uberon conducting system of heart EFO:0003909 EHDAA2 divides the system from the tissue EHDAA2:0004185 EMAPA:35428 EV:0100025 FMA:9476 MA:0000094 MESH:D006329 TAO:0005063 The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO] The fish heart displays clear polarity of contraction in a posterior-to-anterior direction. The contraction waves originate in the sinus venosus and terminate in the conus arteriosus. The nodal phenotype persists in the inflow region of the heart, varying from the venosinus to the sinoatrial junctional areas in different species . Similar to the mammalian situation, pacemaker tissue with a lower intrinsic rhythmicity is also found at the atrioventricular junction.[uncertain][VHOG] UBERON:0002350 VHOG:0001271 ZFA:0005063 cardiac conducting system cardiac conduction system cardiac impulse conducting system cardionector central conduction system complexus stimulans cordis heart conduction system impulse conducting system systema conducente cordis uberon sinoatrial node BTO:0004358 EHDAA2:0004184 EMAPA:35772 FMA:9477 GAID:561 Koch's node MA:0000097 MESH:D012849 OpenCyc:Mx4rOhejDGMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g SA nodal muscle tissue SA node TAO:0005069 The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]. UBERON:0002351 UMLS:C0037189 WP:Heart states: "The SA node is found in all amniotes but not in more primitive vertebrates. In these animals, the muscles of the heart are relatively continuous and the sinus venosus coordinates the beat which passes in a wave through the remaining chambers. Indeed, since the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium in amniotes, it is likely homologous with the SA node. In teleosts, with their vestigial sinus venosus, the main centre of coordination is, instead, in the atrium.". Note however that ZFA has SA node. ZFA:0005069 cardiac pacemaker node of Keith-Flack nodus sinuatrialis nodus sinuatrialis sinoatrial node sinu-atrial node sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue sinuatrial node sinus node sinus node of Keith and Flack uberon pelvic region of trunk BTO:0001006 CALOHA:TS-2227 EFO:0002805 EMAPA:35931 EV:0100012 FMA:9578 GAID:87 MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs MA:0000030 MESH:A01.673 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. UBERON:0002355 UMLS:C0030797 galen:Pelvis lesser pelvis pelvic pelvic region pelvis pelvis region true pelvis uberon peritoneum A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity[VHOG,modified]. AAO:0010814 An epithelium that lines the peritoneal cavity.[TAO] BTO:0001472 CALOHA:TS-2072 EV:0100087 FMA:9584 GAID:18 MA:0000449 MESH:A01.047.025.600 OpenCyc:Mx4rvjJ72ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.[AAO] TAO:0005120 TODO - in ZFA is_a epithelium UBERON:0002358 UMLS:C0031153 VHOG:0001257 XAO:0000139 ZFA:0005120 galen:Peritoneum peritonaeum peritoneal todo: check MA/EMAPA. uberon meninx BTO:0000144 CALOHA:TS-1177 EFO:0000867 EMAPA:32660 EV:0100312 FMA:9589 GAID:687 In fishes, the meninges consist of a single membrane, the primitive meninx, wrapped around the brain and spinal cord. With the adoption of terrestrial life, the meninges doubled. In amphibians, reptiles, and birds, the meninges include a thick outer dura mater derived from mesoderm and a thin inner secondary meninx. (...) In mammals, the dura mater persists, but division of the secondary meninx yields both the arachnoid and the pia mater from ectomesoderm.[well established][VHOG] MA:0001113 MAT:0000113 MESH:D008578 Membrane covering the brain and spinal cord. It is represented by a single layer in fishes, two in amphibians, reptiles and birds and three in mammals (named dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater). [TFD][VHOG] Membrane organ that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord. Not consider part of the CNS/neuraxis in FMA OpenCyc:Mx4rwDOl8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001355 UBERON:0002360 UMLS:C0025285 VHOG:0001295 Whereas cyclostomes and fishes only have a single envelope called the primitive meninx, amphibians have two layers, consisting of an outer dura mater which is extremely dense and protective, and a pia-arachnoid or secondary meninx which is more delicate and vascular. Mammals have three meninges: pia mater (which follows all the convolutions of the brain and is the most interior), the arachnoid layer (which is delicate and sends strands to the pia mater), and the dura mater (the outer, more protective meninx). ZFA:0001355 layer of meninges meningeal meningeal layer meninx primitiva uberon exocrine gland A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas AEO:0000097 BTO:0000765 CALOHA:TS-2012 Currently this is logically defined by the system it belongs to, but a better system may be base this on presence/absence of ducts. However, the dual nature of the liver should be taken into consideration here. Consider adding subclasses EHDAA2:0003097 EMAPA:35327 FMA:9596 GAID:34 MA:0002564 MESH:D005088 UBERON:0002365 UMLS:C0015282 ducted gland glandula exocrina uberon endocrine gland AEO:0000098 BTO:0001488 CALOHA:TS-1300 EHDAA2:0003098 EMAPA:35999 Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]. FMA:9602 GAID:335 MA:0002563 MESH:D004702 OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkiRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002368 UMLS:C0014133 ductless gland ductless gland glandula endocrina glandulae endocrinae uberon adrenal gland AAO:0010551 All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues, but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] Anatomical structure which is found on the surface of the kidney and secretes various hormones including epinephrine, norephinephrine, aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol.[AAO] BTO:0000047 CALOHA:TS-0016 EFO:0000238 EMAPA:18426 EV:0100135 Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO]. FMA:9604 GAID:446 MA:0000116 MAT:0000071 MESH:D000311 MIAA:0000071 OpenCyc:Mx4rvXYiz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The origin of the adrenal gland is still controversial. It is thought to share the same origin as the kidney and gonads, derived from coelomic epithelium of the urogenital ridge and/or the underlying mesenchyme (Keegan and Hammer, 2002; Morohashi, 1997). We follow Kardong and state homology at the level of the cortex and medulla rather than gland as a whole UBERON:0002369 UMLS:C0001625 VHOG:0001141 XAO:0000164 adrenal adrenal capsule adrenal medulla cell atrabiliary capsule epinephric gland epinephros galen:AdrenalGland glandula adrenalis glandula suprarenalis glandula suprarenalis interrenal gland suprarenal capsule suprarenal cortex manufactures corticosteroids; suprarenal medulla manufactures epinephrine and norepinephrine; suprarenal medulla receives preganglionic sympathetic innervation from the greater thoracic splanchnic n. suprarenal gland uberon bone marrow AAO:0011007 BTO:0000141 BTO:0000829 CALOHA:TS-0087 EFO:0000868 EMAPA:32760 EV:0100046 FMA:9608 GAID:1287 In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[Wikipedia:Bone_marrow] MA:0000134 MAT:0000084 MESH:D001853 MIAA:0000084 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs The bone marrow is the hematopoietic organ in all vertebrates but fishes, in which hematopoiesis occurs in the kidney.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002371 UMLS:C0005953 VHOG:0001218 XAO:0000123 galen:BoneMarrow medulla of bone medulla ossea medulla ossium the soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones uberon tonsil BTO:0001387 CALOHA:TS-1053 EFO:0001401 EMAPA:35871 EV:0100052 FMA:9609 GAID:341 MA:0000143 MESH:A03.867.603.925 Mandel OpenCyc:Mx4rvVivrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002372 UMLS:C0836921 UMLS:C1519547 UMLS:C1519548 VHOG:0001139 either of the two small almond-shaped masses of lymph tissue found on either side of the oropharynx the term 'tonsil' can be ambiguous, sometimes refering specifically to the palatine tonsil, sometimes generically to include the cecal tonsils of avians. This class represents lymphoid tissue that is part of the tonsillar ring, in the mouth/throat region uberon connective tissue AAO:0000098 BTO:0000421 Bindegewebe CALOHA:TS-2009 EFO:0000952 EMAPA:35251 FMA:9640 GAID:100 MA also has set of connective tissues MA:0000011 MAT:0000301 MESH:D003238 MIAA:0000301 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rv-aBgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] TAO:0001641 Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] UBERON:0002384 UMLS:C0009780 VSAO:0000017 XAO:0001017 ZFA:0001632 galen:ConnectiveTissue portion of connective tissue textus connectivus uberon muscle tissue AAO:0000306 AEO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0642 EHDAA2:0003122 EMAPA:32715 FMA:9641 MA:0002437 MESH:D009132 Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Tissue that contains cells with contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. Muscle tissue also is separated into three distinct categories.[AAO] UBERON:0002385 UMLS:C2328219 Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach. galen:MuscleTissue muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue textus muscularis uberon pes BTO:0000476 CALOHA:TS-0377 EFO:0003065 EHDAA2:0000546 EMAPA:17459 FMA:9664 GAID:40 MA:0000044 MESH:D005528 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi-k5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002387 UMLS:C0016504 VHOG:0000350 distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits. foot galen:Foot hind foot hind limb autopodium hind paw hind-paw hindfeet hindfoot hindfoot of quadruped hindlimb autopod hindlimb autopodium hindlimb distal free limb segment hindpaw pedal pes terminal segment of free lower limb uberon hematopoietic system AAO:0011002 Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.[AAO] Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. BTO:0000570 Blutbildungssystem CALOHA:TS-0449 EFO:0000798 EMAPA:35402 EV:0100045 FMA:9667 GAID:1008 In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes MA:0002434 MAT:0000022 MESH:D006413 MIAA:0000022 TAO:0005023 UBERON:0002390 UMLS:C0018957 VHOG:0001624 XAO:0000122 ZFA:0005023 Zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis shows close correspondence to the development of the mammalian hematopoietic system and is regulated by conserved molecular pathways.[well established][VHOG] haematological system haematopoietic system haemopoietic system hematological system hematolymphoid system hematopoietic hemopoietic system organa haemopoietica uberon lymph BTO:0000855 CALOHA:TS-0580 EFO:0000871 ENVO:02000041 EV:0100049 FMA:9671 GAID:1186 Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system[WP]. MA:0002520 MAT:0000055 MESH:A12.207.630 MIAA:0000055 OpenCyc:Mx4rvpDOU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002391 UMLS:C0024202 VHOG:0001590 ZFA:0005658 galen:Lymph lympha uberon bile duct (...) the amphibian liver has characteristics in common with both fish and terrestrial vertebrates. (...) The histological structure of the liver is similar to that in other vertebrates, with hepatocytes arranged in clusters and cords separated by a meshwork of sinusoids and the presence of the traditional triad of portal venule, hepatic arteriole, and bile duct.[well established][VHOG] A duct that carries bile from the liver to the intestine. AAO:0011019 Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. Any of the excretory ducts in the liver that convey bile between the liver and the intestine. [TFD][VHOG] BTO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0075 EHDAA2:0000741 EMAPA:35171 EV:0100091 FMA:9706 GAID:280 MA:0000354 MESH:D001652 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdCds5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001100 UBERON:0002394 UMLS:C0005400 VHOG:0000212 XAO:0000134 ZFA:0001100 bile tube biliary duct gall duct hepatic duct uberon we place the ZFA class here as this fits its textual definition and child nodes. We may recommend a label change for ZFA parietal pleura EMAPA:16776 FMA:9733 MA:0002488 OpenCyc:Mx4rvv2Uq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The outer serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. UBERON:0002400 UMLS:C0225777 VHOG:0001495 pleura parietalis the part of the pleura external to the visceral pleura. It lines the inner surface of the chest wall, covers the diaphragm, and is reflected over the structures occupying the middle of the thorax uberon visceral pleura EHDAA2:0002205 EMAPA:16777 Each lung is invested by an exceedingly delicate serous membrane, the pleura, which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac. A portion of the serous membrane covers the surface of the lung and dips into the fissures between its lobes; it is called the pulmonary pleura (or visceral pleura). The visceral pleura is attached directly to the lungs[Wikipedia:Visceral_pleura]. FMA treats this as part of the lungs FMA:9734 MA:0002489 OpenCyc:Mx4rwNFqppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The inner serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural. The visceral pleura lines the lungs. UBERON:0002401 UMLS:C0225776 VHOG:0001496 lung mesothelium lung pleura pleura pulmonalis pleura visceralis pleura visceralis (pulmonalis) pulmonary pleura pulmonary visceral pleura uberon pleural cavity BTO:0004422 EHDAA2:0001475 EMAPA:16773 EMAPA:16774 FMA:9740 GAID:95 In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000055 MESH:A01.911.800.650 OpenCyc:Mx4rwCKAppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The contraction of the diaphragm creates a negative pressure within the pleural cavity which forces the lungs to expand resulting in passive exhalation and active inhalation. This breathing process can be made forceful through the contraction of the external intercostal muscles which forces the rib cage to expand and add to the negative pressure in the pleural cavity causing the lungs to fill with air. The fluid in the cavity provides lubrication and cushioning The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae. UBERON:0002402 UMLS:C0178802 VHOG:0000581 cavitas pleuralis cavitum pleuralae cavitum pleurale the EHDAA2 class of the same is not equivalent. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/86 uberon immune system AAO:0011003 Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. BILA:0000104 FMA:9825 GAID:328 MA:0002711 MESH:D007107 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWNkm5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001159 The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T cell receptor (TCR), B cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002405 UMLS:C0020962 VHOG:0001247 XAO:0003152 ZFA:0001159 uberon autonomic nervous system AAO:0000033 ANS BTO:0002507 CALOHA:TS-2001 EHDA:10095 EHDAA2:0000158 EHDAA:3767 EMAPA:16984 FMA splits this into peripheral and nervous parts; GO has ANS directly under NS; PNS is a sib FMA:65553 From comparative analyses of craniate brains, a morphotype of the brain in the earliest craniate stock can be constructed. In marked contrast to cephalochordates, the ancestral craniate morphotype had a plethora of unique features, which included a telencephalon with pallial and subpallial parts, paired olfactory bulbs with substantial projections to most or all of the telencephalic pallium, paired lateral eyes and ears, a lateral line system for both electroreception and mechanoreception, spinal cord dorsal root ganglia, and an autonomic nervous system.[well established][VHOG] GAID:706 MA:0000219 MESH:D001341 Nervous system including a portion of the central and peripheral systems and presiding over the control and coordination of the vegetative functions of the organism. It innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glandular tissues and is responsible for many actions which are more or less automatic (e.g. secretion, vasoconstriction etc.). It consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] Part of the peripheral nervous system which regulates involuntary functions of the body and consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system.[AAO] TAO:0001574 The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]. UBERON:0002410 UMLS:C0004388 UMLS:C1305381 VHOG:0000396 ZFA:0001574 autonomic division of peripheral nervous system autonomic part of peripheral nervous system divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici divisio autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici peripheral autonomic nervous system uberon visceral nervous system integumental system (...) the integument of many tetrapods is reinforced by a morphologically and structurally diverse assemblage of skeletal elements. These elements are widely understood to be derivatives of the once all-encompassing dermal skeleton of stem-gnathostomes (...).[well established][VHOG] AEO:0000154 BILA:0000118 CALOHA:TS-1299 CARO:0002001 Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. EFO:0000807 EHDAA2:0000836 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003154 EHDAA:6520 EMAPA:17524 EV:0100151 FBbt:00004969 FMA:72979 HAO:0000421 MA:0000014 MAT:0000033 MESH:D034582 MIAA:0000033 TADS:0000108 UBERON:0002416 UBERON:0007029 UMLS:C0037267 VHOG:0000403 XAO:0000176 body surface dermal system external covering of organism galen:Surface integumentary system integumentum commune organism surface surface uberon abdominal segment of trunk EMAPA:35104 FMA:259211 MA:0000021 The abdominal segment of the torso. UBERON:0002417 abdomen/pelvis/perineum lower body lower trunk lumbar region uberon cartilage tissue A type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of cells called chondrocytes which are dispersed in a firm gel-like ground substance, called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, in the throat and between intervertebral disks. It makes up virtually the entire skeleton in chondrichthyes.[AAO] AAO:0000060 AEO:0000087 BTO:0000206 EFO:0000949 EHDAA2:0003087 EMAPA:32730 EV:0100141 FMA:37377 GAID:99 MA:0000104 MAT:0000189 MESH:D002356 MIAA:0000189 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjeOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Phylogenetic analysis suggests that cartilage arose independently in cnidarians, hemichordates, vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, brachiopods, and molluscs - or a common ancestor of brachiopods and molluscs (...). Analyses of cartilage as a tissue and of the development of invertebrate cartilages are consistent with homology between invertebrate and vertebrate cartilage. From the discussion above, it will be clear that understanding genetic changes underlying cartilage evolution is key to determining whether the multiple origins of cartilage represent parallel evolution.[well established][VHOG] Portion of tissue which is connective tissue composed of collagen and/or elastin fibers and chondrocytes. Cartilage is avascular and provides both skeletal functions and a framework upon which bone is deposited.[TAO] Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W] Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts. Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.[VSAO] TAO:0001501 UBERON:0002418 UMLS:C0007301 VHOG:0001207 VSAO:0000040 XAO:0000170 ZFA:0005622 cartilage cartilage tissue cartilages cartilaginous tissue chondrogenic tissue galen:Cartilage portion of cartilage tissue relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] uberon skin gland A gland that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35774 FMA:71878 MA:0000146 UBERON:0002419 check FMA, use plural for now as general class not there glandulae cutis set of skin glands skin glands skin glands set uberon hepatobiliary system AAO:0011056 CALOHA:TS-1308 EFO:0000800 EHDAA2:0000998 EHDAA:2189 EMAPA:16840 EV:0100088 MA:0000324 MAT:0000024 MIAA:0000024 System responsible for the production and movement of bile[ZFIN:curator]. TAO:0000036 The hepaticobiliary system is responsible for metabolic and catabolic processing of small molecules absorbed from the blood or gut, hormones and serum proteins, detoxification, storage of glycogen, triglycerides, metals and lipid soluble vitamins and excretion of bile. Included are the synthesis of albumin, blood coagulation factors, complement, and specific binding proteins. The parts are: liver, bile duct, gall bladder and hepatic duct [GO:0061008] The part of the digestive system that contains the liver and the biliary system UBERON:0002423 UMLS:C1711359 VHOG:0000294 XAO:0000132 ZFA:0000036 hepaticobiliary system liver and biliary system liver/biliary system uberon limb bone A bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EFO:0000945 MAT:0000151 MIAA:0000151 NCITA includes clavicle. MA:'limb bone' is actually a bone of limb or girdle UBERON:0002428 UMLS:C0582791 bone of extremity bone of limb free limb bone the formal definition is very inclusive, and includes sesamoids uberon endometrial gland BTO:0003433 BTO:0004518 EMAPA:29919 MA:0001726 The mucous secreting gland associated with the mucuous membrane lining the uterus. UBERON:0002451 UMLS:C1183035 endometrial gland endometrial mucuous gland endometrium gland glandulae uterinae glandulae uterinae simple or branched tubular uberon uterine gland lymphoid system EHDAA2:0001043 EHDAA:8677 FMA:74594 GAID:931 MA:0002435 MAT:0000197 MIAA:0000197 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQAKT5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Part of the circulatory system which consists of a series of vessels which collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seep through capillary walls and return it to the veins.[AAO] TAO:0000385 Tetrapods have evolved distinct lymphatic systems, in which lymphatic capillaries help drain most of the tissues of the body.[well established][VHOG] The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system[WP]. The lymphatic system of anuran amphibians is characterized by large lymphatic sacs and two pairs of lymph hearts that return lymph into the venous circulation but no lymph vessels per se [10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2013] The lymphatic systems of reptiles and some birds have lymph hearts, and both groups have extensive lymph vessels, but their functional role in both lymph movement and plasma volume homeostasis is almost completely unknown [10.1152/japplphysiol.00201.2013] UBERON:0002096 UBERON:0002465 UMLS:C0024235 VHOG:0000842 We follow FMA and MA in distinguishing between lymphatic system and lymphoid system, with lymhoid tissue part of the non-lymphatic component, although these terms are often used interchangeably. We assume the ZFA term lymphatic tissue actually corresponds to the broader class (e.g. ZFA lymph node in the ZFA lymphatic system). See tracker for more comments. XAO:0003199 ZFA:0000385 lymphatic circulatory system lymphatic drainage system lymphatic system lymphoid systema lymphoideum uberon autopod region BTO:0004359 EFO:0000877 EMAPA:32722 FMA:83015 MA:0002714 MAT:0000091 MIAA:0000091 Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group; note that this refers to the limb segment, not just the skeleton. Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot UBERON:0002470 UMLS:C0687080 autopod autopodial element autopodial limb segment autopodial segment autopodium autopodium region distal free limb segment distal segment of free limb distal segment of limb manus/pes paw paw/hand/foot/hoof pod uberon zeugopod EFO:0000878 FMA:83016 MA:0002716 MAT:0000092 MIAA:0000092 The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus). There exists some controversy about which podial segments are present in some fishes, e.g. if the autopod is not newly evolved in tetrapods, there is a question as to which segments are actually present in basal vertebrate taxa.[PHENOSCAPE:curators] UBERON:0002471 epipodium middle free limb segment middle limb segment middle part of limb middle segment of free limb uberon zeugopod limb segment zeugopodial zeugopodial limb segment zeugopodium zygopod zygopodium stylopod EFO:0000879 FMA:83014 MA:0002717 MAT:0000093 MIAA:0000093 Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group The proximal free limb segment. Includes as parts the stylopod skeleton. UBERON:0002472 propodium proximal free limb segment proximal part of limb proximal segment of free limb stylopodial stylopodial limb segment stylopodium uberon bone tissue CALOHA:TS-2011 EMAPA:35179 FMA:224804 MA:0002780 MESH:D001842 Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts.[VSAO] UBERON:0002481 UMLS:C0391978 VSAO:0000047 XAO:0004040 ZFA:0005621 bone calcium tissue galen:BoneTissue mineralized bone tissue osseous tissue osteogenic tissue portion of bone tissue see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/27 uberon long bone BTO:0004256 EMAPA:35503 Endochondral_ossification is an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, with the exception of the clavicle[Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]. The medial and and lateral ends undergo EO, the mid-portion is formed by a process with features of EO & IO (the process is shared by the mandible)[ISBN:9780397517251] FMA:7474 Long bone is a limb bone that is subcylindrical and has a shaft with periosteum separating the ends of the bones. Long bones are present only in the limbs[VSAO:wd]. MA:0002802 OpenCyc:Mx4rv6axr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002495 UMLS:C0222647 galen:LongBone os longum uberon endochondral bone AAO:0010776 AEO:0000083 BTO:0002157 EHDAA2:0003083 FMA:24321 Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.[VSAO] TAO:0001591 UBERON:0002513 VSAO:0000145 XAO:0004018 ZFA:0001591 cartilaginous bone endochondral bones https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern ossified chondrogenic bone placement in this class to be inferred some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral uberon elastic tissue Connective tissue composed of elastic fibers. FMA:20113 GAID:926 MA:0002853 MESH:D004547 UBERON:0002521 elastic connective tissue elastic fiber textus connectivus elasticus uberon tunica media BTO:0002011 EMAPA:36298 FMA:55590 GAID:170 MA:0002855 MESH:D017540 May be composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue The middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0002522 UMLS:C0162867 tunica media vasorum uberon tunica intima BTO:0002012 Bichat's tunic EMAPA:36297 FMA:55589 GAID:523 MA:0002861 MESH:D017539 The innermost layer of a blood vessel which is a lining of endothelial cells facing the lumen[Kardong]. The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow. The inner coat (tunica intima) can be separated from the middle by a little maceration, or it may be stripped off in small pieces; but, on account of its friability, it cannot be separated as a complete membrane. It is a fine, transparent, colorless structure which is highly elastic, and, after death, is commonly corrugated into longitudinal wrinkles. The inner coat consists of: A layer of pavement endothelium, the cells of which are polygonal, oval, or fusiform, and have very distinct round or oval nuclei. This endothelium is brought into view most distinctly by staining with silver nitrate. A subendothelial layer, consisting of delicate connective tissue with branched cells lying in the interspaces of the tissue; in arteries of less than 2 mm. in diameter the subendothelial layer consists of a single stratum of stellate cells, and the connective tissue is only largely developed in vessels of a considerable size. An elastic or fenestrated layer, which consists of a membrane containing a net-work of elastic fibers, having principally a longitudinal direction, and in which, under the microscope, small elongated apertures or perforations may be seen, giving it a fenestrated appearance. It was therefore called by Henle the fenestrated membrane. This membrane forms the chief thickness of the inner coat, and can be separated into several layers, some of which present the appearance of a network of longitudinal elastic fibers, and others a more membranous character, marked by pale lines having a longitudinal direction. In minute arteries the fenestrated membrane is a very thin layer; but in the larger arteries, and especially in the aorta, it has a very considerable thickness. [WP,unvetted].[Wikipedia] UBERON:0002523 UMLS:C0162864 intima the FMA class represents a more generic layer which is the superclass of the layer found in both blood vessels and lymph vessels (and also endocardium) - we should probably follow this structure tunica intima vasorum uberon limb segment A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles. FMA has both limb segment and free limb segment, the former includes the girdles. Note that MA uses the term more generally and includes A,S,Z,S+Z(arm/leg), whereas FMA is just A,S,Z FMA:241863 MA:0002889 TODO - align this with the CARO2 class 'appendage segment'; note the FMA class does not appear to require repetition UBERON:0002529 UMLS:C1268195 extremity part free limb segment limb region region of limb segment of limb subdivision of limb uberon gland AAO:0000212 AEO:0000096 BTO:0000522 Druese EFO:0000797 EHDAA2:0003096 EHDAA:2161 EHDAA:4475 EHDAA:6522 EMAPA:18425 FBbt:00100317 FMA:7146 FMA:86294 HAO:0000375 MA:0003038 MAT:0000021 MIAA:0000021 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3vyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0002530 UBERON:MIAA_0000021 UMLS:C1285092 WikipediaCategory:Glands an organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ galen:Gland glandula glandular glandular organ uberon paired fin bud An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin. The fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. EFO:0003468 Embryonic surface structure that develops into a paired fin.[ZFA] MAT:0000062 MIAA:0000062 TAO:0001383 UBERON:0002531 VSAO:0000179 ZFA:0001383 fin bud fin buds uberon epiblast (generic) BTO:0004593 FMA:296704 In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA] In pregastrula zebrafish embryos, the epiblast is an inverted cup of cells that sits on top of a large yolk cell. (...) In amniote embryos (mammals and birds), gastrulation initiates in an epithelial layer called the epiblast. Cells in the epiblast undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate through the primitive streak (PS), and incorporate in the middle (mesoderm) or outer (endoderm) layer. The presumptive definitive endoderm (DE) cells invade and displace an outer layer of extraembryonic tissue cells, the hypoblast in chick and the visceral endoderm (VE) in mouse, which form supporting structures such as the yolk sac.[uncertain][VHOG] MAT:0000067 MIAA:0000067 MP says - tissue that gives rise to the ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm of the embryo proper. In HOG, epiblast is part of primitive streak/blastpore, which is inconsistent with the MP definition of primitive streak as a ridge of the epiblast. Note that these terms, epiblast and hypoblast, are also used to describe layers of the avian embryonic blastoderm, but the layers so-named seem to be altogether different in these two kinds of vertebrate embryos(CVS). Consider obsoleting this as a grouping class UBERON:0002532 VHOG:0000243 blastocyst ectoblast epiblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm uberon paired fin Fin that is one of a pair located ventrally on the organism. TAO:0002278 UBERON:0002534 VSAO:0000111 ZFA:0005596 artioptérygie@fr nageoire paire@fr pelvic/pectoral fin uberon pharyngeal arch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010359 BTO:0001785 EFO:0000959 EHDAA:571 EMAPA:16117 FMA:293015 GAID:1292 MAT:0000242 MESH:A16.254.160 MIAA:0000242 Numbered cranial to caudal. different in mammals. branchial arch = ZFA:0001613 pharyngeal arch 3-7. generally gill arch 1 = pharyngeal arch 3. terminology varies as to whether branchial arch follows gill or pharyngeal numbering One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. TAO:0001306 UBERON:0002539 UMLS:C0080322 VHOG:0000155 XAO:0000096 ZFA:0001306 arcus pharyngei branchial arch pharyngeal arches uberon visceral arch digit A subdivision of the autopod that has as part a series of phalanges together with associated vasculature, musculature, integument and nerves. It is continuous with the metapodial subdivision of the autopod, but does not include the metapodials. In species such as humans, fully formed digits are distinct, whereas in other species the digits may be connected by interdigital webbing, or may be completely unseparated (for example, in cetaceans). AAO:0011126 EFO:0000881 EMAPA:32725 FMA:85518 MA:0000690 MAT:0000285 MIAA:0000285 OpenCyc:Mx4rvzLD_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Our reinterpretation of the distal fin endoskeleton of Panderichthys removes the final piece of evidence supporting the formerly popular hypothesis that tetrapod digits are wholly new structures without homologues in sarcopterygian fish fins. This hypothesis, which was based partly on the complete absence of plausible digit homologues in Panderichthys (then the closest known relative of tetrapods), has already been called into question by the discovery of digit-like radials in Tiktaalik and the fact that Hox gene expression patterns closely resembling those associated with digit formation in tetrapods occur in the distal fin skeletons of paddlefish and Australian lungfish. Our new data show that Panderichthys is not an anomaly: like Tiktaalik and other fish members of the Tetrapodomorpha, it has distal radials that can be interpreted as digit homologues.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0002544 UMLS:C0582802 VHOG:0000944 XAO:0003032 acropodial unit digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue digital galen:Digit limb digit this class represents the entire organism subdivision encompassing soft tissue as well as the underlying skeletal framework. The class represents the phalangeal part only - historically the term 'digit' has also been used to represent the unit consisting of a series of phalanges together with a metapodial bone. We may in future relabel this class to avoid confusion with this concept, but the class will continue to represent the phalangeal portion uberon cranial placode AAO:0010466 Comparisons of developmental gene expression suggest that the anterior ectoderm in amphioxus may be homologous to the vertebrate olfactory placode, the only vertebrate placode with primary, not secondary, neurons EFO:0001650 Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. MAT:0000369 MIAA:0000369 The term placode or placodes also applies to developing organs such as teeth, mammary glands, hair follicles, feathers and scales. We include a separate parent class for this. UBERON:0002546 XAO:0000305 cranial placodes placode to avoid confusion, we include neurogenic placode as a subclass. Do not merge. uberon anatomical cavity Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. FMA:67552 MA:0002447 UBERON:0002553 cavity galen:Cavity uberon regional part of brain Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. FMA:55676 UBERON:0002616 UMLS:C0445620 anatomical structure of brain biological structure of brain brain anatomical structure brain biological structure brain part neuraxis segment neuroanatomical region segment of brain uberon cervical spinal cord A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region. FMA:71166 MA:0003081 UBERON:0002726 UMLS:C0581619 UMLS:C1278837 cervical segment of spinal cord cervical segments of spinal cord [1-8] cervical spinal cord pars cervicalis medullae spinalis segmenta cervicalia medullae spinalis [1-8 uberon olfactory placode A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity. AAO:0011076 EFO:0003420 EHDAA2:0001232 EHDAA:1504 EMAPA:16543 FMA:293971 Olfactory placodes are the only ectodermal placodes to produce glia, a cell type typically derived from neural crest // Note that NBK53171 classifies this as non-neurogenic TAO:0000048 UBERON:0003050 VHOG:0000186 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (2) neurogenic placodes (...).[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000005 ZFA:0000048 nasal I placode nasal placode olfactory placodes placoda nasalis placoda olfactoria uberon ear vesicle AAO:0011080 BTO:0002661 EHDAA2:0001342 EMAPA:16669 Epithelial sac present beside the fifth rhombomere; forms the semicircular canals dorsally and the otolith organs ventrally, and houses the acoustico-vestibular sensory epithelia (maculae) of hair cells. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] FMA:302920 OV One of the paired sacs of invaginated ectoderm that develop into the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear. [Biology_online][VHOG] TAO:0000051 The inner ear develops embryonically in all vertebrates as an invagination of the ectodermal otic placode to form an otic vesicle.[well established][VHOG] The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops[BTO]. Epithelial sac present beside the fifth rhombomere; forms the semicircular canals dorsally and the otolith organs ventrally, and houses the acoustico-vestibular sensory epithelia (maculae) of hair cells[ZFA]. epithelial sac of invaginated ectoderm formed from the otic placode that gives rise to the structures of the inner ear[MP] UBERON:0003051 UBERON:0004373 UMLS:C1518678 VHOG:0001148 XAO:0000006 ZFA:0000051 acoustic vesicle auditory vesicle otic vesicle otocyst uberon midbrain-hindbrain boundary AAO:0011064 DMBA:16810 EHDAA2:0004395 EHDAA:5789 EMAPA:32857 Lampreys also have an MHB [midbrain hindbrain boundary], expressing a similar repertoire of regulatory gene cognates as in gnathostomes.[well established][VHOG] MHB TAO:0000042 The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. UBERON:0003052 VHOG:0000649 XAO:0000016 ZFA:0000042 consider adding class for organizer. Consider adding separate class for isthmus as a structure isthmic organizer territory isthmo-cerebellar region isthmus isthmus/MHB mid-hindbrain boundary mid-hindbrain junction midbrain hindbrain boundary uberon periderm A temporary epithelium that derives from the outer layer of the ectdoerm and is shed once the inner layer differentiates to form a true epidermis. EHDAA2:0001846 EHDAA:6538 EVL FMA:295662 In mice, the first non-basal layer formed at ~E9.5; it is a temporary structure composed of simple squamous epithelium that serves as the first barrier to the embryo's physical environment, exists throughout the entire keratinocyte stratification process, and sheds off at ~E17, when it is replaced by corneocytes[MP] In some mammals, Eyelid Fusion is thought to be driven by a population of cells which are derived from the periderm, the outermost layer of the developing epidermis Originally the epidermis is one layer thick, in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two-layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. The periderm goes through distinct developmental phases and is ultimately sloughed into the amniotic fluid when differentiation of the underlying epidermal layers is complete. The function of the periderm is not known, but is thought to be related to transport/exchange between the fetus and the amniotic fluid (http://courses.washington.edu/hubio567/devbio/periderm.html) TAO:0001185 The outermost epidermal layer covering the fish at embryonic stages; derived from the EVL and thought to eventually be replaced by the superficial stratum of the epidermis. Sometimes used synonymously with EVL. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] UBERON:0003055 UMLS:C1518973 VHOG:0001680 XAO:0000029 ZFA:0001185 epidermis epithelial layer epidermis outer layer epitrichium periderm relationship type change: OBO_REL:part_of ectoderm (TAO:0000016) CHANGED TO: develops_from ectoderm (UBERON:0000924)[TAO] skin periderm uberon pre-chordal neural plate (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011084 TAO:0007016 The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. UBERON:0003056 VHOG:0001200 XAO:0000045 ZFA:0007016 anterior neural plate uberon chordal neural plate (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0007017 The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. UBERON:0003057 VHOG:0001201 XAO:0000046 ZFA:0007017 posterior neural plate uberon presomitic mesoderm AAO:0011086 EFO:0001982 EMAPA:16189 EMAPA:16752 It is reasonable to assume that the proximate invertebrate ancestor of the vertebrates had an amphioxus-like tail bud in its larval stage. This archetypal tail bud would have (...) (3) lacked any component of mesenchyme cells, (4) budded off new mesodermal segments directly, without any intervening zone of presomitic mesoderm (...). Then, early in vertebrate evolution, epithelium-to-mesenchyme interconversions (and the gene networks for effecting them) became prominent features of development. (...) In any case, conspicuous mesenchymal components tended to be added to the vertebrate tail bud itself. In addition, a mesenchymatous presomitic mesoderm (not a part of the tail bud proper) came to intervene between the tail bud and the forming somites.[well established][VHOG] PSM TAO:0000279 UBERON:0003059 Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] VHOG:0000559 XAO:0000057 ZFA:0000279 presumptive somite mesoderm segmental plate somitogenic mesoderm somitomeric mesoderm uberon unsegmented mesenchyme unsegmented paraxial mesoderm pronephric duct (...) in all craniates, the archinephric duct develops in embryogeny.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011088 Duct of the embryonic kidney, present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the anal region where it empties separately from, and just posterior to the anus. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] In mammals, the pronephric duct is the predecessor of the Wolffian duct[WP]. TAO:0000150 The first-formed kidney duct, which drains the kidney of most anamniotes and becomes the ductus deferens of male amniotes. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-3, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] The pronephric duct collects the filtrate from the pronephric tubules and opens to the exterior of the pronephric kidney[GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15647339, XAO:0000063, ZFA:0000150] UBERON:0003060 UMLS:C1283945 VHOG:0000082 XAO:0000063 ZFA:0000150 archinephric duct ductus pronephricus pronephric ducts uberon blood island AAO:0011006 Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. EFO:0003489 EHDAA2 distinguishes 3 types, but does not have a superclass. The VHOG class may refer to yolk sac EHDAA:207 Nests of developing blood cells arising late in the segmentation period from the intermediate mass, and located in the anterior-ventral tail, just posterior to the yolk extension. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.[AAO] Small clusters of mesodermal cells called blood islands mark the embryonic debut of the cardiovascular system (in vertebrates) (reference 1); In birds and mammals, primitive hemangioblasts are extraembryonic, populating the yolk sac as the so-called blood islands (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0000094 TE:E5.11.2.0.0.0.4 UBERON:0003061 UMLS:C1511224 VBI VHOG:0000085 XAO:0000067 ZFA:0000094 blood islands caudal hematopoietic tissue posterior ICM posterior blood island relationship loss: part_of intermediate cell mass of mesoderm (TAO:0000033)[TAO] uberon ventral blood island ventral lateral plate mesoderm prechordal plate A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue AAO:0011085 Axial hypoblast located anterior to the chorda mesoderm; the polster is its most anterior region. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] Axial mesoderm that lies anterior to the notochord and that underlies the forebrain. [Amphioxus_goosecoid_and_the_evolution_of_the_head_organizer_and_prechordal_plate._Evolution_and_Development_(2008)_2(6):303-310, Neidert_AH, Panopoulou_G_and_Langeland_JA][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001493 EHDAA:181 FMA:295532 TAO:0000060 TODO - check; developmental relationship to anterior hypoblast in ZFA? There are two opposing models that can potentially explain the differences in gsc (goosecoid) expression between amphioxus and vertebrates. In one model, the vertebrate gsc expression pattern more closely resembles the common ancestral state and the amphioxus gsc expression pattern is a derivation associated with its unique morphology. (...) In an alternate model, the amphioxus gsc expression pattern most closely represents the common ancestral state and the vertebrate pattern is derived. This model suggests that the evolution of vertebrates was accompanied by the segregation of gsc expression, from a more general domain underlying the entire brain anlage to a distinct forebrain organizer domain and subsequent prechordal plate. We feel this second model is more parsimonious than the first model in that what would be novel anterior gsc expression in vertebrates directly correlates with a novel vertebrate anterior structure, the prechordal plate.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0003063 UBERON:0004881 VHOG:0000086 XAO:0000079 ZFA:0000060 head mesenchyme head mesoderm uberon intermediate mesoderm (...)the mesoderm of a developing vertebrate transitionally differentiates into the following sub-types: Chordamesoderm (also known as axial mesoderm) which later on gives rise to notochord in all chordates, Paraxial mesoderm, Intermediate mesoderm, Lateral plate mesoderm (reference 1); The mesoderm is present in Bilateria, therefore they are sometimes called triploblasts. Ectoderm and endoderm are usually organized as epithelial layers, while mesoderm can be epithelial or a compact, three-dimensional tissue.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010575 EMAPA:16056 EMAPA:16178 FMA:293147 IM Mesoderm between somite and lateral plate. Traditionally thought to give rise to the urogenital system.[AAO] TAO:0001206 The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. UBERON:0003064 UMLS:C1284010 VHOG:0000087 XAO:0000085 ZFA:0001206 all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). intermediate mesenchyme intermediate plate intermediate plate mesoderm mesenchyma intermedium uberon pharyngeal arch 2 2 2nd arch 2nd pharyngeal arch 2nd visceral arch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010363 EHDAA2:0000050 EHDAA:611 EMAPA:16272 FMA:293017 TAO:0001596 The second of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] The second pharyngeal arch will form the hyoid apparatus. The cranial neural crest cells that populate the second pharyngeal arch emerge primarily from rhombomere 4 and will form skeletal elements. UBERON:0003066 VHOG:0000297 XAO:0000098 ZFA:0001611 arcus pharyngeus secundus branchial arch 2 hyoid arch hyoid bars in XAO, develops from visceral pouch 2 pharyngeal arch 2 pharyngeal arches 2 second branchial arch second pharyngeal arch second visceral arch uberon visceral arch 2 dorsolateral placode In summary, the collective term 'placodes' refers to some rather different structures, probably with different evolutionary origins. Some sensory placodes (at least the otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates. Even if this is so, it is apparent that they were elaborated considerably during early vertebrate evolution. Epibranchial and dorsolateral placodes appear to be new; we infer that their origin depended on the evolution of specific inductive signals.[well established][VHOG] Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes. TAO:0001310 The only remaining dorsolateral placode in land vertebrates is the otic/octaval placode UBERON:0003067 VHOG:0000103 XAO:0000187 ZFA:0001310 dorsolateral placodes uberon axial mesoderm AAO:0011017 EFO:0003647 TAO:0001204 The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. The portion of the mesoderm underlying the midline of the embryo. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] UBERON:0003068 VHOG:0000107 XAO:0000205 ZFA:0001204 chordamesoderm uberon otic placode A cranial placode which, once specified, invaginates to form an otic cup, which eventually separates from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle or otocyst, a rounded structure without appar- ent polarity. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII[NBK] AAO:0011079 EFO:0003429 EHDAA2:0001339 EHDAA:506 EMAPA:16195 FMA:293973 Primordium of the ear epithelium before it hollows into the otic vesicle, present beside the hindbrain rudiment in the midsegmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995. (Also see Anatomical Atlas entry for ear by T. Whitfield.)[TAO] TAO:0000138 UBERON:0003069 UMLS:C1518677 VHOG:0000235 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (2) neurogenic placodes (...).[well established][VHOG] With the exception of the pigment cells of the stria vascularis and the secretory epithelium of the cochlea, which are of neural crest origin, all compo- nents of the inner ear derive from the otic placode. In most species the thickening of the ectoderm into a placode occurs in a region adjacent to rhombomere 5 (reviewed in Ohyama et al., 2007), while in amphibians the otic placode is centered onto rhombomere 4 (Ruiz i Altaba and Jessell, 1991). XAO:0000223 ZFA:0000138 auditory placode ear placode ear/otic placode octaval VIII placode octaval placode placoda otica uberon eye primordium AAO:0011038 EFO:0003541 EHDAA2:0004431 Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. TAO:0000570 TODO - check that GO's optic placode is the same as ZFA's eye primordium; we may want to have separate term for ocular primordium precursor. XAO has both optic field and eye primordium. UBERON:0003071 UBERON:0005060 XAO:0000227 XAO:0004090 ZFA:0000570 eye anlage eye field eye placode occular primordium ocular primordium optic field optic placode optic placode of camera-type eye optic placodes optic primordium uberon optic cup (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0005351 EHDAA2:0001303 EHDAA:2912 EMAPA:16674 Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. TAO:0001202 UBERON:0003072 UMLS:C0231109 VHOG:0000167 ZFA:0001202 eye cup eyecup ocular cup ophtalmic cup uberon lens placode (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. AAO:0011055 Classical transplantation experiments using amphibian embryos suggested that the optic vesicle is the source of lens-inducing signals sufficient to generate lens tissues in competent ectoderm (reviewed in Grainger et al., 1996). More recent findings suggest a multistep model for lens induction. There is now good evidence that lens specification occurs at the neurula stage, before the optic vesicle contact the surface ectoderm, and that neural crest cell migration in the frontonasal region is required to restrict the position of the lens placode (Bailey et al., 2006) EFO:0003494 EHDAA2:0000982 EHDAA:2908 EMAPA:16672 Ectodermal primordium of the lens of the eye. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] FMA:296767 TAO:0000122 UBERON:0003073 UMLS:C1517770 VHOG:0000166 XAO:0000240 ZFA:0000122 lens placodes placoda lentis uberon mesonephric duct (...) in all craniates, the archinephric duct develops in embryogeny.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0000637 Anatomical structure consisting of either of a pair of longitudinal ducts which carry urine and in males, sperm, to the cloaca.[AAO] Consider adding subclasses for male and female specific variants EHDAA2:0001243 EHDAA:1590 EMAPA:16577 GAID:1315 In the male the Wolffian duct persists, and forms for example the epididymis, the ductus deferens, the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle and efferent ducts. Leydig's duct MESH:A16.254.940 Paired organ that connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the anlage for certain male reproductive organs. the Wolffian duct is what remains of the pronephric duct after the atrophy of the pronephros[WP]. In Zebrafish: Duct of the adult kidney (mesonephros), present bilaterally ventral to the somites and leading to the cloacal chamber[ZFA]. TAO:0000546 TODO - mesonephric portion of the nephric duct The first-formed kidney duct, which drains the kidney of most anamniotes and becomes the ductus deferens of male amniotes. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-3, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] UBERON:0003074 UMLS:C0043204 VHOG:0000082 Wolffian duct XAO:0000242 ZFA:0000546 archinephric duct ductus mesonephricus; ductus Wolffi renal duct uberon neural plate (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA] AAO:0011072 BTO:0001765 DHBA:10153 DMBA:15565 EHDAA:346 EHDAA:902 EMAPA:35593 FMA:293879 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001252 TAO:0000132 The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] UBERON:0003075 UMLS:C0920623 VHOG:0000068 XAO:0000249 ZFA:0000132 lamina neuralis presumptive central nervous system uberon posterior neural tube (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011082 TAO:0007037 UBERON:0003076 VHOG:0001383 XAO:0000250 ZFA:0007037 uberon paraxial mesoderm AAO:0010568 EFO:0003515 EMAPA:16183 EMAPA:16751 FMA:293145 Mesoderm lateral to the neural tube and notochord that is divided into cranial and post-cranial portions. The trunk portions further segment into somites.[AAO] Presently, Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata are placed as subphyla of the phylum Chordata, in which the overall organization of embryonic tissues (dorsal hollow nerve cord, ventral digestive tract, axial notochord, and bilateral paraxial mesoderm) is largely conserved. In contrast, the echinoderms and hemichordates are sister groups of the chordates and they lack the notochord and paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the basic mesodermal organization of vertebrates must have appeared first in the common ancestor of the chordates.[well established][VHOG] TAO:0000255 The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO] UBERON:0003077 UMLS:C1284009 VHOG:0000114 XAO:0000259 ZFA:0000255 mesoderma paraxiale note that all AOs differ in the relationship between this structure and the mesoderm; in ZFA it is a subclass (and this is implied by the GO definition and GO relationships), in AAO it is part of, and in EHDAA2 it develops from the mesoderm (but in EHDAA2 the naming convention is to use 'paraxial mesenchyme', rather than 'paraxial mesoderm'). Also in ZFA it is part of the trunk whereas this conflicts with the division into head and trunk in ehdaa2 (which we follow here) paraxial mesenchyme somitic mesoderm uberon epibranchial placode AAO:0011036 EFO:0003455 Epibranchial placodes-derived neurons innervate internal organs to transmit information such as heart rate, blood pressure, and visceral distension from the periphery to the central nervous system (Baker and Bronner-Fraser, 2001). From rostral to caudal the epibranchial placodes comprise the geniculate, petrosal, and nodose placodes, each associated in sequence with the first, second and third branchial clefts. Each placode contributes sensory neurons to cranial nerves VII (facial nerve), IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), and X (vagal nerve), respectively FMA:293968 Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. Focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches and that produce the neuroblasts that migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia. [Graham_A, The_development_and_evolution_of_the_pharyngeal_arches._J_Anat_(2001)_199:_133-141][VHOG] TAO:0001294 These (the epibranchial placodes) are focal thickenings of the embryonic ectoderm that form immediately dorsal and caudal of the clefts between the pharyngeal arches in all vertebrates, and they produce the neuroblasts which migrate and condense to form the distal cranial ganglia: the geniculate, petrosal and nodose ganglia. (...) The one substantial difference between the vertebrate pharyngeal arches and those of the protochordates is the presence of the epibranchial placodes but the evolution of these structures was undoubtedly driven by the endoderm.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0003078 VHOG:0000117 XAO:0000284 ZFA:0001294 epibranchial placodes in XAO this develops_from dorsolateral placode, but in NBK53175, this is a separate group uberon ventrolateral placode anterior neural tube (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011012 TAO:0007038 TODO - add grouping class for the anterior end of the neural tube at all stages UBERON:0003080 VHOG:0001384 XAO:0000307 ZFA:0007038 uberon lateral plate mesoderm A ventrolateral zone of amphioxus mesoderm grows down to surround the gut. Homology of this zone to the lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrates is supported by site of origin and fate.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010574 EHDAA2:0000919 EHDAA:379 EMAPA:16179 FMA:293149 LPM Portion of mesoderm traditionally thought to give rise to limb bones and parts of the girdles.[AAO] Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. TAO:0000121 The portion of the mesoderm of the trunk of vertebrate embryos lying lateral to the intermediate mesoderm. [...] [It] subdivides into two plates: one dorsal, called the somatopleure, and one ventral, called the splanchnopleure. [Gastrulation:_From_cells_to_embryo_(2004)_Cold_Spring_Harbor, Glossary_XV, New_York:_Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory_Press, Stern_CD][VHOG] UBERON:0003081 UBERON:0006258 UMLS:C1517749 VHOG:0000118 XAO:0000311 ZFA:0000121 lateral mesoderm lateral plate lateral plate mesenchyme mesoderma laminae lateralis subclass of mesoderm in ZFA. uberon myotome A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become muscle cells. AAO:0011067 AEO:0001018 BTO:0000742 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003431 EHDAA:1721 EHDAA:1727 EHDAA:1733 EHDAA:1739 EMAPA:32841 FMA:295658 In all vertebrates, the skeletal muscle of the body axis is chiefly derived from an early embryonic compartment, known as the myotome.[well established][VHOG] Portion of the somites giving rise to body wall muscle masses. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] TAO:0001056 The term 'myotome' is also used to describe the muscles served by a single nerve root / spinal segment - consider adding new class, myomere. UBERON:0003082 UMLS:C1513802 VHOG:0001244 XAO:0000315 ZFA:0001056 muscle plate myomere myomeres myotome region myotomes myotomus uberon heart primordium AAO:0011044 BTO:0001887 Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline between 21 and 26 somites to form the heart rudiment or cone. Stainier 2001.[TAO] Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. TAO:0000028 The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They will give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27&28.[AAO] UBERON:0003084 UMLS:C1514450 XAO:0000336 ZFA:0000028 cardiac field fused heart primordium relationship loss: develops_from lateral mesoderm (TAO:0001065)[TAO] should probably be merged with heart rudiment. uberon sclerotome AAO:0010571 AEO:0000212 EHDAA2:0003439 EMAPA:31159 FMA:295652 Skeletogenic portion of somites.[AAO] TAO:0001080 The vertebrate sclerotome has no equivalent in amphioxus and is a novelty linked with the evolution of the axial skeleton.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0003089 UMLS:C0183176 VHOG:0000680 Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. XAO:0000397 ZFA:0001080 part_of somite in XAO sclerotomes sclerotomus uberon thyroid primordium AAO:0011106 BTO:0004709 EHDAA2:0002033 EHDAA:952 EMAPA:16361 In all vertebrates the thyroid arises from the ventral aspect of the second pouch Note that we follow EHDAA2 in dividing this into endoderm and mesenchyme. In this ontology we place the broad developmental relationship at this level, and include specific relationships to the pharyngeal endoderm at the level of the endoderm Portion of tissue part of the pharyngeal endoderm that is fated to become thyroid follicle[ZFIN:curator]. TAO:0001081 The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus. UBERON:0003091 UMLS:C1519512 XAO:0000444 ZFA:0001081 thyroid primordia uberon cranial neural crest AAO:0010580 Anterior most portion of the neural crest. Migrates in three highly conserved streams: mandibular, hyoid and branchial.[AAO] CNC EFO:0003645 EHDAA2:0004420 EMAPA:16091 Neural crest that is part of the head.[TAO] TAO:0001194 UBERON:0003099 VHOG:0000063 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] XAO:0001001 ZFA:0001194 cephalic neural crest cranial NCC population crista neuralis cranialis head NCC population head crest head neural crest neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. uberon female organism AAO:0010030 BILA:0000028 CARO:0000028 FBbt:00007011 FMA:67812 Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. HAO:0000028 TAO:0000303 TGMA:0001839 UBERON:0003100 XAO:0003005 ZFA:0000303 female female human body uberon male organism AAO:0010033 BILA:0000027 CARO:0000027 FBbt:00007004 FMA:67811 Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes. HAO:0000027 TAO:0000242 TGMA:0001838 UBERON:0003101 WBbt:0007850 XAO:0003006 ZFA:0000242 male male human body uberon surface structure AAO:0010337 AEO_RETIRED:0000010 Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003010 Organism subdivision which is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.[ZFA] TAO:0000292 UBERON:0003102 VSAO:0000001 XAO:0003028 ZFA:0000292 anatomical surface feature galen:SurfaceRegion surface feature surface region surface structures uberon compound organ AAO:0010015 AEO:0000024 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. BILA:0000024 CARO:0000024 EHDAA2:0003024 HAO:0000024 TADS:0000598 TAO:0000496 TGMA:0001837 UBERON:0003103 VHOG:0001723 XAO:0003041 ZFA:0000496 organ this class was introduced for consistency with CARO. However, in this ontology we typically classify organs directly under 'organ' rather than subdividing into compound and simple organs uberon mesenchyme A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] AAO:0010427 AEO:0000145 BTO:0001393 CALOHA:TS-0620 EHDAA2:0003145 EV:0100007 Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage.[AAO] Portion of tissue consisting of loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage[XAO]. A mesh-like cell arrangement, less compact than an epithelium[ZFA]. The part of the embryonic mesoderm, consisting of loosely packed, unspecialized cells set in a gelatinous ground substance, from which connective tissue, bone, cartilage, and the circulatory and lymphatic systems develop[BTO]. TAO:0000393 UBERON:0003104 UMLS:C0162415 VHOG:0000170 XAO:0003046 ZFA:0000393 mesenchyma mesenchymal mesenchymal tissue mesenchyme tissue portion of mesenchymal tissue portion of mesenchyme tissue the relationship to mesoderm is weaker than develops_from in order to have classes such as 'head mesenchyme from mesoderm' make sense uberon otic region AAO:0010208 Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the cranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system.[TAO] Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the neurocranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system.[AAO] TAO:0000189 UBERON:0003110 UBERONREF:0000007 has this as a syn for otic capsule XAO:0003175 ZFA:0000189 cranial vault relationship loss: overlaps hyomandibular-otic region joint (TAO:0001947)[TAO] uberon pharyngeal arch 3 3 3rd arch 3rd pharyngeal arch 3rd visceral arch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010365 EHDAA2:0000069 EHDAA:1080 EMAPA:16399 FMA:293029 TAO:0001598 The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, contains the first aortic arch.[AAO] The third branchial arch contributes to the development of the hyoid bone, stylopharyngeus muscle, inferior parathyroid gland, and thymus. UBERON:0003114 VHOG:0000298 XAO:0000447 ZFA:0001606 branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first gill arch gill arch 1 in XAO, called branchial arch 1 and df VP3 third pharyngeal arch third visceral arch uberon visceral arch 3 pharyngeal arch 6 6 6th arch 6th pharyngeal arch 6th visceral arch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010368 EHDAA2:0004075 EMAPA:32766 FMA:293047 TAO:0001601 The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles The forth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the forth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, forms and supports the gills.[AAO] UBERON:0003117 UBERON:0004349 VHOG:0001205 XAO:0000453 ZFA:0001609 branchial arch 4 fourth branchial arch gill arch 4 sixth branchial arch sixth pharyngeal arch sixth visceral arch uberon visceral arch 6 trachea AAO:0010140 An elongated tube which carries air to and from the lungs.[AAO] BTO:0001388 CALOHA:TS-1060 EFO:0000935 EHDAA2:0002066 EHDAA:3078 EMAPA:16853 EV:0100040 FMA:7394 GAID:361 In birds, the trachea runs from the pharynx to the syrinx, from which the primary bronchi diverge. Swans have an unusually elongated trachea, part of which is coiled beneath the sternum; this may act as a resonator to amplify sound. In some birds, the cartilagenous rings are complete, and may even be ossified. In amphibians, the trachea is normally extremely short, and leads directly into the lungs, without clear primary bronchi. A longer trachea is, however found in some long-necked salamanders, and in caecilians. While there are irregular cartilagenous nodules on the amphibian trachea, these do not form the rings found in amniotes. The only vertebrate to have lungs, but no trachea, is Polypterus, in which the lungs arise directly from the pharynx. In primitive fishes and most tetrapods, the lungs of adults are usually paired. They lie ventral to the digestive tract and are connected to the outside environment through the trachea.[well established][VHOG] MA:0000441 MAT:0000137 MESH:D014132 MIAA:0000137 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The respiratory tube between the larynx and the bronchi. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Glossary_G-29, Grande_L, Liem_KF, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF][VHOG] The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. UBERON:0003126 UMLS:C0040578 VHOG:0000371 XAO:0000118 cartilaginous trachea in mouse 15-18 C-rings, 15-20 in human. tracheal tracheal tubule uberon vertebrate trachea windpipe cranium BTO:0001328 EFO:0000831 EHDAA:6029 EMAPA:17680 FMA:71325 MA:0000316 MAT:0000340 MIAA:0000340 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVlEyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton UBERON:0003128 Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). VHOG:0000334 bones of cranium calvarium cranial epicranial plate ossa cranii set of bones of cranium skeletal system of head skull minus mandible the inclusion of the FMA class here is probably not quite correct, as this class includes as parts sutures, whereas this is not part of the bones of the cranium uberon upper part of skull skull A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. BTO:0001295 CALOHA:TS-2344 EHDAA2:0000325 EMAPA:17680 FMA:46565 GAID:82 MESH:D012886 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0003129 UMLS:C0037303 WikipediaCategory:Skull cranial skeleton galen:Skull in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. in many ontologies, the structure called the cranium is inclusive of the mandible/lower jaw skeleton skeletal system of head uberon reproductive organ An organ involved in reproduction EMAPA:17381 GO uses genitalia for the singular organ MA:0001752 MESH:D005835 OpenCyc:Mx4rwO39aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0000591 UBERON:0003133 UMLS:C0017420 WBbt:0008422 genital organ genitalia reproductive system organ sex organ uberon female reproductive organ A female organ involved in reproduction EMAPA:28540 MA:0000544 UBERON:0003134 female organism reproductive organ female organism reproductive structure female organism reproductive system organ female organism sex organ female reproductive gland/organ female reproductive system organ female sex organ reproductive organ of female organism reproductive structure of female organism reproductive system organ of female organism sex organ of female organism uberon metanephric mesenchyme A mass of intermediate mesodermal cells around the distal end of the ureteric bud that gives rise to nephrons in the metanephric kidney. [TFD][VHOG] EHDAA2:0004062 EHDAA:4041 EHDAA:5021 EHDAA:5915 EMAPA:17208 EMAPA:17375 EMAPA:29990 Genes: The positional specification of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme is negatively regulated by Foxc1 and Foxc2. Next the permanent kidney forming metanephrogenic mesenchyme is specified by Hox11 genes. The competence to respond to ureteric bud inducers is regulated by WT1. GDNF secretion restricted to posterior region by Robo2 and Sprouty1. The receptors for GDNF are synthesized in the nephric ducts and later in ureteric buds [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"] UBERON:0003220 VHOG:0000540 When the ureteric buds emerge from the nephric duct, they enter the metanephrogenic mesenchyme. The ureteric buds induce this mesenchymal tissue to condense around them and differentiate into the nephrons of the mammalian kidney. As this mesenchyme differentiates, it tells the ureteric bud to branch and grow.[well established][VHOG] metanephric blastema metanephric mesoderm metanephrogenic mesenchyme metanephros associated mesenchyme one of the two embryological structures that give rise to the kidney (the other is the ureteric bud). The metanephric blastema mostly develops into nephrons, but can also form parts of the collecting duct system.[WP]. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros[GO] uberon phalanx CALOHA:TS-2211 EMAPA:32614 Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits. FMA:321661 In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three MA:0000304 OpenCyc:Mx4rvolPZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0003221 UMLS:C0222682 VSAO:0000199 digit long bone galen:Phalanx long bone of digit phalange phalangeal phalanges phalanx bone uberon amniotic ectoderm BTO:0000897 EHDAA2:0000117 EHDAA:138 EMAPA:16110 UBERON:0003254 UBERON:0008359 VHOG:0000621 amnion ectoderm amnion epithelium amnionic ectoderm uberon we make the germ layer relationship develops_from, as currently the germ layers are declared to be purely embryonic. TODO - check. WP:Amnion - In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk-the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion. endoderm of foregut An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0004568 EHDAA:524 TODO - check UBERON:0003258 foregut endoderm uberon amniotic mesoderm A mesenchyme that is part of a amnion. EHDAA2:0000118 EHDAA:140 EMAPA:16111 EMAPA:16265 UBERON:0003262 UBERON:0003411 VHOG:0000622 amnion mesenchyme amnion mesoderm amnionic mesenchyme amnionic mesoderm mesenchyme of amnion uberon we make the germ layer relationship develops_from, as currently the germ layers are declared to be purely embryonic. TODO - check. WP:Amnion - In the human embryo the earliest stages of the formation of the amnion have not been observed; in the youngest embryo which has been studied the amnion was already present as a closed sac, and appears in the inner cell-mass as a cavity. This cavity is roofed in by a single stratum of flattened, ectodermal cells, the amniotic ectoderm, and its floor consists of the prismatic ectoderm of the embryonic disk-the continuity between the roof and floor being established at the margin of the embryonic disk. Outside the amniotic ectoderm is a thin layer of mesoderm, which is continuous with that of the somatopleure and is connected by the body-stalk with the mesodermal lining of the chorion. skeleton of lower jaw A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. AAO:0000274 EHDAA2:0004606 EHDAA:8005 EMAPA:17906 EMAPA:17910 FMA:54398 Inclusion of the FMA class 'lower jaw' is debatable - this mostly corresponds to the lower jaw skeleton (with 'maxillary part of mouth' corresponding to the upper jaw region); however, the FMA class also includes gingiva. See also: https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/102 MA:0001906 TAO:0001273 The jaw joint of all jawed vertebrates, except for mammals, involves the quadrate and articular bones, or the posterior ends of the palatoquadrate and mandibular cartilages; A correlate of the conversion of the articular and quadrate bones to the malleus and incus is that all adult mammals have a jaw joint that lies between the dentary of the lower jaw and the squamosal bone of the skull roof.[well established][VHOG] The ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the lower jaw.[TAO] UBERON:0003278 VHOG:0000428 XAO:0003084 ZFA:0001273 lower jaw lower jaw skeleton mandible mandibles mandibular series uberon gland of foregut A gland that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000567 EHDAA:950 EMAPA:16557 UBERON:0003294 VHOG:0000650 foregut gland uberon gland of integumental system A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000837 EHDAA:6522 EMAPA:17758 MA:0000144 UBERON:0003297 VHOG:0000654 integumental gland integumental system gland integumentary gland uberon eye mesenchyme EHDAA2:0000485 EHDAA:2910 EMAPA:16673 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. TODO - change mesenchyme relationships to precursor_of UBERON:0003314 VHOG:0001084 mesenchyme of eye uberon epithelium of mucosa A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 UBERON:0003350 lamina epithelialis mucosa lamina epithelialis mucosae lies on top of lamina propria uberon epithelium of hindgut An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000782 EMAPA:16717 MA:0003206 UBERON:0003353 epithelial tissue of hindgut hindgut epithelial tissue hindgut epithelium uberon smooth muscle of eye EMAPA:18807 MA:0001268 Not clear if we need this and intra-ocular muscle. See issue #331. MA includes ciliary and iris smooth muscle UBERON:0003386 any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi ocular smooth muscle uberon gland of gut A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:18815 MA:0003202 UBERON:0003408 digestive tract gland gland of digestive tract gland of lower gastrointestinal tract gut gland lower gastrointestinal tract gland uberon pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001035 EMAPA:16781 Mesenchyme that is part of a pelvic appendage bud. Mesoderm part of pelvic fin bud.[TAO] TAO:0001386 UBERON:0003412 ZFA:0001386 hindlimb bud mesenchyme leg mesenchyme lower limb bud mesenchyme mesoderm pelvic fin bud pelvic fin bud mesenchyme uberon thoracic cavity nerve A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000556 UBERON:0003443 cavity of chest nerve cavity of thorax nerve chest cavity nerve consider merging with thoracic nerve. In MA the only subclass is the phrenic nerve, which arises from a cervical nerve nerve of cavity of chest nerve of cavity of thorax nerve of chest cavity nerve of pectoral cavity nerve of thoracic cavity pectoral cavity nerve uberon thoracic cavity vein A vein that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0001903 UBERON:0003479 cavity of chest vein cavity of thorax vein chest cavity vein pectoral cavity vein uberon vein of cavity of chest vein of cavity of thorax vein of chest cavity vein of pectoral cavity vein of thoracic cavity heart blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35397 MA:0002483 UBERON:0003498 blood vessel of heart cardiac blood vessel uberon neck blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000583 UBERON:0003502 blood vessel of neck blood vessel of neck (volume) neck (volume) blood vessel uberon arterial blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. EMAPA:35144 MA:0000061 UBERON:0003509 only in MA - supertype of artery, arteriole, aorta. uberon trunk blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000511 UBERON:0003513 blood vessel of torso blood vessel of trunk torso blood vessel uberon thoracic cavity blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000554 UBERON:0003519 blood vessel of cavity of chest blood vessel of cavity of thorax blood vessel of chest cavity blood vessel of pectoral cavity blood vessel of thoracic cavity cavity of chest blood vessel cavity of thorax blood vessel chest cavity blood vessel pectoral cavity blood vessel uberon brain gray matter A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35184 MA:0000810 UBERON:0003528 UMLS:C1707348 brain grey matter brain grey substance gray matter of brain grey matter of brain grey substance of brain uberon hindlimb skin A zone of skin that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32620 FMA:23102 MA:0000665 TODO - check free limb vs pelvic complex UBERON:0003532 UMLS:C0222268 hind limb skin inferior member skin lower extremity skin lower limb skin skin of hind limb skin of hindlimb skin of inferior member skin of lower extremity skin of lower limb uberon brain white matter EMAPA:35187 HBA:9218 MA:0000820 The regions of the brain that are largely or entirely composed of myelinated nerve cell axons and contain few or no neural cell bodies or dendrites. UBERON:0003544 UMLS:C1706995 brain white matter of neuraxis brain white substance uberon white matter of brain white matter of neuraxis of brain white substance of brain respiratory system connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35968 EMAPA:35977 MA:0001814 UBERON:0003570 apparatus respiratorius connective tissue apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius connective tissue of respiratory system portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue of respiratory system respiratory system portion of connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus of respiratory system uberon lower respiratory tract connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0002409 UBERON:0003580 connective tissue of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract portion of connective tissue lower respiratory tract textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of lower respiratory tract textus connectivus of lower respiratory tract uberon trunk connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000513 UBERON:0003586 connective tissue of torso connective tissue of trunk portion of connective tissue of torso portion of connective tissue of trunk textus connectivus of torso textus connectivus of trunk torso connective tissue torso portion of connective tissue torso textus connectivus trunk portion of connective tissue trunk textus connectivus uberon limb long bone A long bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35495 MA:0000298 UBERON:0003606 long bone of limb uberon limb joint Any joint that is part of a (free) limb. EMAPA:36501 FMA:321558 MA:0000691 Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses UBERON:0003657 galen:LimbJoint joint of limb joint of limb skeletal system skeletal limb joint uberon abdominal cavity EFO:0000213 EMAPA:36505 FMA:12266 GAID:17 MA:0003057 MESH:A01.047.025 OpenCyc:Mx4rvZR1TJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdomen proper (excluding the pelvic cavity). UBERON:0003684 UMLS:C0230168 cavitas abdominis cavity of abdominal compartment cavity of compartment of abdomen galen:AbdominalCavity in FMA this contains the pelvic cavity, but this is inconsistent with the concept of abdominopelvic cavity space of abdominal compartment uberon abdominal wall FMA:10429 FMA:259054 GAID:26 MESH:A01.047.050 The tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles. UBERON:0003697 UMLS:C0836916 abdominal wall proper layers of the abdominal wall paries abdominalis paries abdominalis uberon wall of abdomen wall of abdomen proper extrahepatic bile duct FMA:14678 GAID:281 MA:0002659 MESH:D017734 Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the common bile duct and the common hepatic duct. UBERON:0003703 UMLS:C0206187 bile duct extrahepatic part extrahepatic biliary system includes all the cystic duct, all the common bile duct and the extrahapetic part of the hepatic duct uberon intrahepatic bile duct Duct that collects bile from the bile ductules and connects to the extrahepatic bile duct.[TAO] FMA:15766 GAID:287 MA:0001630 MESH:D001653 Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct. TAO:0005169 UBERON:0003704 UMLS:C0005401 ZFA:0005169 bile duct intrahepatic part includes the hepatic duct of the caudate lobe, and the intra- and inter- lobar bile ducts intrahepatic biliary system uberon neural tissue AAO:0000325 AEO:0000123 EHDAA2:0003123 FMA definition includes vasculature FMA:9642 GAID:609 MESH:D009417 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] OpenCyc:Mx4rVmfYCsQ_QdeM_bFAeS8NRQ Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. UBERON:0003714 UMLS:C0027757 nerve tissue nervous tissue portion of neural tissue uberon recurrent laryngeal nerve A branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). It travels within the endoneurium. It is the nerve of the 6th Branchial Arch. AAO:0010754 Branch of the vagus nerve that separates from the vagus well postcranially, then continues anteriorly to innervate the larynx[AAO:0010754]. FMA:6246 GAID:804 MESH:D012009 UBERON:0003716 VHOG:0001347 inferior laryngeal nerve nervus laryngeus recurrens ramus recurrens recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve recurrent nerve uberon vagus X nerve recurrent laryngeal branch intercostal nerve EMAPA:18227 FMA:6028 GAID:858 MESH:D007367 The intercostal nerves are the anterior divisions (rami anteriores; ventral divisions) of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. Each nerve is connected with the adjoining ganglion of the sympathetic trunk by a gray and a white ramus communicans. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum and differ from the anterior divisions of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues an independent course without plexus formation. The first two nerves supply fibers to the upper limb in addition to their thoracic branches; the next four are limited in their distribution to the parietes of the thorax; the lower five supply the parietes of the thorax and abdomen. The 7th intercostal nerve terminates at the xyphoid process, at the lower end of the sternum. The 10th intercostal nerve terminates at the umbilicus. The twelfth thoracic is distributed to the abdominal wall and groin. [WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0003727 UMLS:C1285089 anterior ramus of thoracic nerve anterior ramus of thoracic spinal nerve nervi intercostales ramus anterior, nervus thoracicus thoracic anterior ramus uberon ventral ramus of thoracic spinal nerve prostate bud A region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium destined to become the prostate[GO]. AR activation releases instructive signals from UGM that acts on UGS epithelium (UGE) to stimulate cell proliferation, form prostate ductal progenitors (prostatic buds), and regulate cell adhesion dynamics to permit prostatic bud outgrowth. There are three phases of prostatic budding: (1) the specification phase, when instructive developmental cues define where buds will form in the UGS, (2) the initiation phase, when prostatic buds begin to form, and (3) the elongation phase, when proliferation, cell adhesion, and cell migration coordinate outgrowth of prostatic buds into UGM. Timing of prostatic bud formation and the quantity and pattern of buds that are formed in the UGS are strictly regulated [3, 4]. The position of prostatic buds as they emerge from the UGS in utero determines the arrangement of prostate ducts in adulthood.[PMID:18977204] EMAPA:36141 UBERON:0003820 prostate ductal progenitor prostate gland bud prostate primordium prostatic bud uberon metapodium bone A bone of the metapodial skeleton MA:0000301 UBERON:0003821 metacarpal or metatarsal bone metacarpal/metatarsal metacarpal/metatarsal bone metapodi bone metapodial bone metapodium bone uberon thoracic segment muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000561 UBERON:0003830 muscle organ of thorax thorax muscle organ uberon upper body muscle respiratory system muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35733 MA:0001828 UBERON:0003831 apparatus respiratorius muscle organ muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius muscle organ of respiratory system respiratory system muscle organ uberon thoracic segment blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000558 UBERON:0003834 blood vessel of thorax thorax blood vessel uberon upper body blood vessel thoracic segment connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. MA:0000560 UBERON:0003837 connective tissue of thorax portion of connective tissue of thorax textus connectivus of thorax thorax connective tissue thorax portion of connective tissue thorax textus connectivus uberon upper body connective tissue autopod joint A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35160 MA:0002715 UBERON:0003841 autopod joint of limb autopod limb joint distal free limb segment joint of limb distal free limb segment limb joint joint of limb of autopod joint of limb of distal free limb segment limb joint of autopod limb joint of distal free limb segment paw joint uberon neural tube lumen (...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (4) a single, tubular nerve cord that is located dorsal to the notochord (...).[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011073 An anatomical space that surrounded_by a neural tube. EHDAA2:0001269 EHDAA:2889 EHDAA:914 EMAPA:16167 EMAPA:16533 UBERON:0003842 UBERON:0005713 VHOG:0001119 XAO:0000252 cavity of neural tube central lumen lumen of neural tube neural lumen neural tube neural lumen neurocoel prosencoel uberon mesencephalic neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a midbrain. EFO:0003591 EHDAA2:0001101 EHDAA:360 TAO:0000935 UBERON:0003849 VHOG:0000796 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] ZFA:0000935 mesencephalic neural crest neural crest midbrain uberon telencephalon neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a telencephalon. Cranial neural crest that is part of the telencephalon.[TAO] EFO:0003574 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001991 TAO:0000812 UBERON:0003850 VHOG:0000799 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] ZFA:0000812 neural crest telencephalon uberon rhombencephalon neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. Cranial neural crest that is part of the hindbrain.[TAO] EHDAA2:0001628 EHDAA:362 EMAPA:35747 TAO:0007063 UBERON:0003852 VHOG:0001210 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...).[well established][VHOG] ZFA:0007063 neural crest hindbrain rhombencephalic neural crest rhombomere neural crest uberon spinal cord neural crest A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord. EHDAA:696 EMAPA:16163 EMAPA:16529 EMAPA:16881 UBERON:0003853 VHOG:0001006 We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (1) the neural crest (...)[well established][VHOG] neural crest spinal cord spinal neural crest uberon presumptive ganglion A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a ganglion. UBERON:0003869 uberon future coelemic cavity lumen An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen. UBERON:0003886 body cavity precursor uberon intraembryonic coelom (...) I regard it unlikely that coeloms of all bilaterian animals are comparable and evolved very early. Considering all these questions, few convincing characters concerning the evolution of body cavities remain to be named. (...) A segmental coelom appears to have evolved at least two times, in Annelida and in Myomerata (Acrania and Craniota).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA:251 EMAPA:16088 The part of the coelom in the embryo between the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm; the principal body cavities of the trunk (thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic) arise from this embryonic part of the coelom UBERON:0003887 UMLS:C1512940 VHOG:0000316 consider merging with coelom. TODO - add spatial relationships to halves of LPM. Note the OG places XAO and ZFA coelem terms here. editor note: TODO check ZFA, which appears to be a structure present in adults somatic coelom uberon fallopian tube CALOHA:TS-0732 EHDAA2:0000504 EMAPA:18984 EMAPA:35660 EV:0100112 FMA:18245 GAID:365 Homologous to appendix testis Initial section of the oviduct through which the ova pass from the ovary to the uterus MA:0000385 MESH:D005187 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViVeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0003889 UMLS:C0015560 fallopian tubes female paramesonephric duct galen:FallopianTube mammalian oviduct paramesonephric duct of female salpinges salpinx tuba uterina uberon uterine tube (sensu Mammalia) Mullerian duct AAO:0010141 EHDAA2:0004048 EMAPA:27665 Either of the paired embryonic ducts developing into the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and becoming largely obliterated in the male. [TFD][VHOG] GAID:1309 In females, the archinephric (mesonephric) ducts tend to function only within the urinary systems. The muellerian duct arises embryologically next to the archinephric (wolffian) duct. In males, the muellerian duct regresses if it appears at all, but in females, the muellerian ducts become the oviducts of the reproductive system.[well established][VHOG] MESH:A16.254.570 Muellerian duct Müllerian duct RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001399 Sertoli cells secrete anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) inducing the demise of this duct Transient developmental organ which gives rise to oviducts in female (documented to persist in some male frogs).[AAO] UBERON:0003890 UBERON:0005318 UMLS:C0026732 VHOG:0001199 XAO:0000330 ductus paramesonephricus early paramesonephric duct paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the urogenital ridge and terminate at the mullerian eminence in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina; in the male, they are lost. These ducts are made of tissue of mesodermal origin[WP]. develops either by lengthwise splitting of the archinephric duct (in chondrichthyans and some amphibians) or by a elongated invagination of the coelomic epithelium (other vertebrates) In males, the oviducts regress. The cranial end of the oviduct maintains an opening into the coelom (which primitively may have been the anteriormost coelomic funnels connecting the nephrocoel with the coelom). This opening is the ostium tubae[USM]. paramesonephric duct uberon liver primordium A small endodermal thickening in the foregut adjacent to the transverse septum. Invaginates forming the hepatic diverticulum. AAO:0011058 BTO:0003391 EFO:0002577 EFO:0003428 EHDAA2:0000744 EHDAA:973 EMAPA:16847 TAO:0000124 UBERON:0003894 UMLS:C0734013 UMLS:C1514451 XAO:0003266 ZFA:0000124 consider adding further subdivisions of the endoderm, e.g. ventral foregut. Note we place two EFO classes here, it's not clear how they differ embryological hepatic plate hepatic plate liver bud liver endoderm primordium of the liver uberon retinal neural layer (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011095 BTO:0000929 CALOHA:TS-0685 EHDAA2:0001253 EHDAA:4763 EMAPA:17171 EMAPA:18590 FMA:58628 MA:0000277 TAO:0000046 The part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells[GO]. UBERON:0003902 UMLS:C1518263 VHOG:0000535 XAO:0003216 ZFA:0000046 neural layer of retina neural retina neural retinal epithelium neuroretina stratum nervosum (retina) stratum nervosum retinae uberon epithelial tube AEO:0000114 EHDAA2:0003114 Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. FBbt:00007474 UBERON:0003914 contrast with a multi-tissue tube, which has as parts both epithelium, connective tissue, possibly muscle layers epithelial or endothelial tube uberon endothelial tube Any endothelium that has the quality of being cylindrical [Automatically generated definition]. UBERON:0003915 uberon kidney mesenchyme Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney[GO]. UBERON:0003918 check this mesenchyme of kidney uberon venous blood vessel A blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart Compare to: vein EMAPA:35932 FMA:86188 MA:0000066 UBERON:0003920 segment of venous tree organ uberon venous tree organ segment pancreas primordium EFO:0002579 EFO:0003434 EHDAA2:0001382 EHDAA:2163 EMAPA:17066 FMA:79792 TAO:0000254 UBERON:0003921 XAO:0001101 ZFA:0000254 embryonic structure that develops into pancreatic bud. in EHDAA2 this has dorsal and ventral primordia as parts. the buds are part of the primordium, with the ducts developing from the buds; only parenchyma and ducts have contribution from buds pancreatic anlage pancreatic endoderm pancreatic primordium primordial pancreas revisit after standardizing terms 'primordium', 'anlagen', 'bud' uberon pancreatic epithelial bud EFO:0003470 EMAPA:35645 TAO:0001390 The embryonic pancreas develops from two separate anlagen in the foregut epithelium, one dorsal and two ventral pancreatic buds[PMID]. UBERON:0003922 UMLS:C1283285 ZFA:0001390 pancreas epithelium pancreatic anlage pancreatic bud pancreatic buds uberon dorsal pancreatic bud AAO:0011031 EFO:0003465 EHDAA2:0001385 EMAPA:17067 In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0001370 The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.[AAO] UBERON:0003923 VHOG:0001428 XAO:0000467 ZFA:0001370 dorsal pancreas anlage dorsal pancreatic anlage pancreas dorsal primordium duct bud pancreas primordium dorsal bud pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct. posterior pancreatic anlage posterior pancreatic bud primary pancreatic bud uberon ventral pancreatic bud AAO:0011111 EFO:0003464 EHDAA2:0001389 EMAPA:17256 In chick, Xenopus laevis, and the teleost fish Medaka, the pancreas develops from three buds that emerge from the gut tube, two from its ventral aspect, and one from its dorsal aspect. In mouse, although there are initially three buds that arise from the gut tube at the point of contact between the endoderm and the vasculature, the pancreas develops from only two of these buds, one dorsal and one ventral. (...) In this study, we use a transgenic zebrafish line (...). We provide evidence for the existence of two distinct pancreatic anlagen - a ventral anterior bud and a dorsal posterior bud - that join to form the definitive pancreas (reference 1); The pancreas develops from the fusion of distinct endoderm-derived dorsal and ventral diverticula. In humans, by day 35 of development, the ventral pancreatic bud begins to migrate backwards and comes into contact and eventually fuses with the dorsal pancreatic bud during the sixth week of development (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] TAO:0001369 The ventral pancreatic bud becomes the head and uncinate process, and comes from the hepatic diverticulum[WP] UBERON:0003924 VHOG:0001429 XAO:0001103 ZFA:0001369 anterior pancreatic anlage anterior pancreatic bud pancreas primordium ventral bud pancreas ventral primordium duct bud pancreatic bud that gives rise to the major pancreatic duct. the ventral pancreas and liver are derived from a common precursor cell population[PMID:16417468]. TODO - add this relationship. uberon ventral pancreas anlage ventral pancreatic anlage digestive system duct A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. TAO:0005162 UBERON:0003928 ZFA:0005162 duct of digestive system duct of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system duct uberon digestive tract epithelium An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. BTO:0000956 EHDAA2:0004567 EMAPA:32928 Epithelium lining the lumen of the gut.[TAO] MA:0003201 TAO:0005123 UBERON:0003929 UMLS:C0836205 XAO:0003200 ZFA:0005123 alimentary tract epithelium digestive tract epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of digestive tract epithelial tissue of gut epithelium of digestive tract epithelium of gut gastrodermis gut epithelial tissue gut epithelium uberon sex gland Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction. MA:0001751 UBERON:0003937 genitalia gland gland of genitalia gland of reproductive system reproductive gland reproductive system gland uberon brain ventricle/choroid plexus TODO - check relationship between CP and BV. If this is part of then this class should be obsoleted The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses UBERON:0003947 uberon internal female genitalia BTO:0003099 FMA:45654 TODO: Relabel. Make distinct organ class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 The internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina. UBERON:0003975 female internal genitalia internal female genital organ internal genitalia of female reproductive system organa genitalia feminina interna uberon valve EHDAA2:0004046 EHDAA:1892 EHDAA:4406 FMA:67611 OpenCyc:Mx4rvqiwE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0003978 anatomical valve galen:Valve uberon valvular uterine tube infundibulum EMAPA:29897 FMA:18307 The funnel-like expansion of the abdominal extremity of the uterine tube[MP] The third part of the uterine tube is the infundibulum. It terminates with the ostium of Fallopian tube, surrounded by fimbriae, one of which is attached to the ovary[Wikipedia:Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube]. UBERON:0003984 infundibulum infundibulum of fallopian tube infundibulum of oviduct infundibulum of uterine tube infundibulum tubae uterinae uberon dermatome A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. AAO:0011028 AEO:0001017 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003428 EHDAA:1719 EHDAA:1725 EHDAA:1731 EHDAA:1737 EMAPA:32838 FMA:295656 Not to be confused with 'dermatome segment of skin'. UBERON:0004016 UMLS:C0180383 XAO:0000220 cutis plate dermatomal mesenchyme epimere mesoderm mesenchyma dermatomiale uberon germinal neuroepithelium As the cells adjacent to the lumen continue to divide, the migrating cells form a second layer around the original neural tube. This layer becomes progressively thicker as more cells are added to it from the germinal neuroepithelium. This new layer is called the mantle (or intermediate) zone, and the germinal epithelium is now called the ventricular zone (and, later, the ependyma)[NCBIBook:NBK10047] The single layer of epithelial cells that lines the early neural tube and develops into the nervous system and into the neural crest cells UBERON:0004022 germinal neuroepithelial layer germinal neuroepithelium original neural tube uberon biliary ductule BTO:0002840 In ZFA, Digestive system duct that collects bile from the canaliculus and transports bile through the liver -- (check if the same) // The smallest and the most peripheral branches of the biliary tree consist of a portal part (portal ductule) and an intralobular part (intralobular ductule) One of the fine terminal elements of the bile duct system, leaving the portal canal, and pursuing a course at the periphery of a lobule of the liver[BTO]. the excretory ducts of the liver that connect the interlobular ductules to the right or left hepatic duct[MP] TAO:0005164 UBERON:0004058 ZFA:0005164 bile capillary bile ductule biliary ductule biliary ductule cholangiole ductuli biliferi terminal cholangiole uberon neural tube ventricular layer EMAPA:17152 EMAPA:35362 EMAPA_RETIRED:16783 MA:0003193 The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen The layer of undifferentiated, proliferating cells that line the neural tube lumen that is the immediate transformation of the germinal neuroepithelium UBERON:0004060 consider merging with 'ventricular zone'; note that the MA class probably does not belong here, as this is an embryonic structure ependymal layer neural tube ependymal layer neural tube ependymal zone neural tube ventricular germinal zone neural tube ventricular zone uberon neural tube mantle layer EMAPA:17148 EMAPA:35360 The layer of glia and differentiating neurons that forms as a second layer around the germinal neuroepithium; as this develops it comes to lie between the ventricular and marginal layers and includes the basal and alar plates. Develops into neurons and glia forming a gray matter layer. UBERON:0004061 future brain marginal layer neural tube intermediate zone uberon neural tube marginal layer EMAPA:17151 The outermost layer of the neural tube that consists of axons from the developing mantle layer and will form the white matter UBERON:0004062 brain marginal zone neural tube marginal zone uberon neural tube basal plate AAO:0010561 EFO:0001904 The region of the mantle layer of the neural tube that lies ventral to the sulcus limitans and contains primarily motor neurons and interneurons. UBERON:0004064 UMLS:C1511061 basal plate basal plate of neural tube motor part of neural tube spinal cord basal plate uberon ventral part of neural tube brain ventricle BTO:0001442 EFO:0001914 EMAPA:32674 EMAPA:32675 FMA draws the distinction between e.g. 'fourth ventricle' and 'cavity of fourth ventricle'. The latter is a cavity, and part of the former, which is a region. The superclass of 'fourth ventricle' is_a 'region of ventricular system of the brain'. We place this class here, although it is not equivalent to ventricles, as it includes ventricle bodies. FMA:78447 HBA:9418 MA:0000818 MESH:D002552 OpenCyc:Mx4rvmTY65wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Organ cavity of the brain which consists of the lateral ventricles, the third and fourth ventricles and the cerebral aqueduct[NIFSTD:birnlex_1356]. UBERON:0004086 UMLS:C0007799 brain ventricles cerebral ventricle one of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid region of ventricular system of brain uberon vena cava AAO:0010215 Any of the veins that carries deoxygenated blood from a part of the body into the right atrium of the heart. BTO:0001438 EMAPA:18415 FMA:321896 GAID:547 MA:0000068 MESH:D014684 OpenCyc:Mx4rkJQ4U6gEEdudWQACs5b6Bw UBERON:0004087 UMLS:C0042460 caval vein uberon venae cavae orbital region FMA:260119 The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present UBERON:0004088 content of orbital part of eye eye region in HP covers eyelid, eyebrow. note the FMA class is more narrow though, and is more like eye + muscles + vasculature. The FMA also has FMA:72951 orbital part of eye ocular and peri-ocular region ocular region orbital content orbital part of eye orbital part of face uberon midface EMAPA:32806 FMA:285406 MA:0001910 The middle of the face including the nose and its associated bony structures[MW]. UBERON:0004089 lower face midface/lower face midfacial snout this class is currently a union of the snout (e.g. in mouse), the midface and the lower face. Note that in MA, snout includes the whole jaw and should thus be more alike the lower face than the midface, so its placement here is not strictly accurate. In future we might introduce specific classes for each of these, and include the full parthood relationships. if this is done, then care should be taken to preserve inferences such as an abnormality of the lower face being an abnormality of the midface. uberon anatomical conduit 2 2 AEO:0000080 Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. EHDAA2:0003080 FMA has both conduit and conduit space. In EHDAA2 this is a surface feature FMA:242873 UBERON:0004111 foramen foramina opening ostia ostium uberon pharyngeal pouch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011113 An internal pocketing of pharyngeal endoderm that contacts a region of ectoderm (a pharyngeal cleft) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions with the pharyngeal arches. EFO:0003627 EHDAA:1086 EHDAA:1669 EHDAA:579 EHDAA:617 EMAPA also includes a distinct pouch endoderm EMAPA:32752 FMA:293063 Outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits. Crump et al, 2004.[TAO] TAO:0001106 The pouches are polarized structures. For example, whereas the rostral half of each pouch expresses Bmp-7, the caudal half expresses FGF-8 and the dorsal aspect of each pouch is marked via its expression of Pax-1. each pouch has an individual sense of identity. Shh expression is a prominent early feature of the caudal endoderm of the second arch, and individual pouches mark the anterior limits of expression of Hox genes within the pharyngeal endoderm; Hox-a2 has a rostral boundary at the second pouch, Hox-a3 at the third pouch and Hox-a4 at the most caudal pouch[PMID:16313389] UBERON:0004117 UMLS:C0231067 VHOG:0001203 XAO:0000282 ZFA:0001106 branchial pouch pharyngeal pouches uberon visceral pouch visceral pouches endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0004119 uberon mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0004120 uberon ectoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0004121 uberon genitourinary system AAO:0000624 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.[AAO] BILA:0000122 BTO:0003091 EFO:0003864 EHDAA:1013 EMAPA:16367 EV:0100094 FMA:280610 GAID:362 GU tract Kidneys and gonads (of vertebrates) develop from adjacent tissues, and after the excretory or urinary ducts have developed, the reproductive system usually taps into them or their derivatives.[well established][VHOG] MESH:D014566 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVMgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g UBERON:0004122 UG tract UMLS:C0042066 Urogenitalsystem VHOG:0000286 XAO:0000140 galen:GenitoUrinarySystem genito-urinary system genitourinary genitourinary tract relationship type change: differentiates_from intermediate mesoderm (AAO:0010575) CHANGED TO: develops_from intermediate mesoderm (UBERON:0003064)[AAO] uberon urogenital urogenital system urogenital tract optic vesicle (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0011039 EHDAA2:0001320 EMAPA:16540 FMA:293357 Genes: Six3, Pax6, Rx1 are expressed together in the tip of the neural plate [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology"]. Development notes: During subsequent develop- ment, the optic vesicle invaginates and becomes a two-layered structure with an inner neural retina and outer retinal pigment epithelium. As soon as the developing optic vesicle makes contact with the overlying ectoderm, it induces the ectoderm to thicken and form the lens placode [PMID:16496288] TAO:0000050 The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. UBERON:0004128 UMLS:C0231106 VHOG:0000165 XAO:0000228 ZFA:0000050 evagination eye vesicle ocular vesicle optic vesicles uberon cardiogenic plate (In vertebrates) The embryonic mesoderm is the source of both the cardiogenic plate, giving rise to the future myocardium as well as the endocardium that will line the system on the inner side.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000215 EMAPA:16106 TODO - check plate vs rudiment vs primordium vs endocardial tube. See XAO The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field UBERON:0004139 VHOG:0000975 cardiac crescent cardiogenic crescent heart rudiment myocardial plate uberon primary heart field A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. FHF PHF UBERON:0004140 XAO:0004185 first heart field heart field primary heart field this term denotes the primary heart field; GO:0003128 denotes the superclass of primary and secondary: specific region of the lateral mesoderm into the area which will form the primary beating heart tube[GO:0003138] uberon heart tube AAO:0010411 An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. EFO:0003526 EMAPA:32685 TAO:0000360 UBERON:0004141 XAO:0000337 ZFA:0000360 embryonic heart tube endocardial heart tube endocardial tube the paired, longitudinal, endothelial-lined channels formed from the cardiogenic mesoderm in embryonic development; angiogenic cell clusters (aka angioblastic cords) located in a horse-shoe shape configuration in the cardiogenic plate coalesce to form the right and left endocardial heart tubes which then fuse in cephalo-caudal direction to form a single primitive heart tube. uberon outflow tract Depending on the species, attached at the cardiac outflow are described the conus arteriosus, the truncus arteriosus and, or the bulbus arteriosus. At the distal limit of these outflow structures, but lying outside the pericardial cavity, is the ventral aorta[PMID:20735616] EHDAA2:0001351 EHDAA:464 EHDAA:798 EMAPA:16229 EMAPA:16346 MA:0000100 The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries UBERON:0004145 VHOG:0000670 XAO:0004139 arterial (outflow) pole cardiac outflow tract heart outflow tract uberon cardiac chamber A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart FMA:7095 OpenCyc:Mx4rmexpjPdAEduAAAAOpmP6tw UBERON:0004151 chamber of heart generic enough to cover FBbt:00003156 heart chamber but this is a cavity. GO defines it as the cavity. TODO - move subclasses. Note this also includes sinus venosus heart chamber uberon septum transversum A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm. [TFD][VHOG] A thick plate of mesodermal tissue that occupies the space between the thoracic cavity and yolk stalk in the early embryo, forming a transverse partition partially separating the coelomic cavity into thoracic and abdominal portions. It gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm[VHOG]. EHDAA2:0001829 EHDAA:736 EMAPA:16318 FMA:295593 In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart (of other tetrapods) is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes) Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] The cranial part of the septum transversum gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm and is the origin of the myoblasts that invade the pleuroperitoneal folds resulting in the formation of the muscular diaphragm. The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. UBERON:0004161 UMLS:C0231004 VHOG:0000019 in EHDAA2 this is divided into mesenchymal portion and hepatic diverticulum transverse septum uberon internal genitalia FMA:45652 TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals UBERON:0004175 internal genitalia internal genitals internal reproductive organ internal sex organ uberon external genitalia FMA:45643 TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals UBERON:0004176 external genitalia external reproductive organ external sex organ uberon endodermal part of digestive tract A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. EMAPA:32930 UBERON:0004185 endodermal gut gut endoderm uberon comma-shaped body CSB EMAPA:27681 EMAPA:27835 The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron UBERON:0004198 ZFA:0005588 uberon S-shaped body EMAPA:27756 EMAPA:27853 SSB TODO The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron UBERON:0004199 ZFA:0005589 stage II nephron uberon nephrogenic mesenchyme Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron The detailed events associated with the differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme are somewhat complex. It has been suggested that each terminal branch of the ureteric bud stimulates the associated cap mesenchyme tissue to form a renal vesicle (the most primitive stage of nephron development: a stage I nephron). This then elongates, becomes a comma-shaped and then an S-shaped body (stage II nephron), and makes contact with and fuses with the distal component of the ureteric bud. The latter then forms the collecting duct. One fold of the S-shaped body gives rise to Bowman's capsule (also termed the glomerular capsule). Soon afterwards, endothelial cells invade to make a capillary knot-like outgrowth, the glomerular tuft, which goes on to form the glomerulus. The inner epithelial layer of the Bowman's capsule (also called the visceral epithelium, or podocyte layer because it consists of podocytes) is closely apposed to the endothelial glomerulus. Together, the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus comprise the definitive renal corpuscle. The rest of the nephron elongates to form components of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal tubule. The distal pole of the developing nephron connects to the ureteric bud that induced it at an early stage of nephron/ collecting duct development, before differentiation of the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal tubule are complete. This connection allows the excretory products produced by the kidney to be removed and subsequently transferred, via the ureter, into the bladder where they are stored until it is appropriate to empty the bladder. [http://www.gudmap.org/About/Tutorial/DevMUS.html#DMK_Nephron] UBERON:0004208 mesenchyme of nephron nephron mesenchyme uberon renal vesicle The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells. UBERON:0004209 note that this class includes both metanephric and mesonephric vesicles - ZFA and EHDAA2 associations are placed with these classes. TODO - make a more specific develops_from relationship - see UBERON:0005107 ! metanephric cap stage I nephron uberon nephron epithelium The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron UBERON:0004211 epithelial tissue of nephron epithelium of nephron nephron epithelial tissue uberon blood vessel smooth muscle BTO:0001431 CALOHA:TS-1107 EMAPA:35177 MA:0000710 MESH:D009131 TAO:0005321 UBERON:0004237 UBERON:0010508 UMLS:C1519956 Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tonus is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive vasoconstriction leads to hypertension, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to hypotension. ZFA:0005321 blood vessel involuntary muscle blood vessel non-striated muscle blood vessel smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of blood vessel non-striated muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. smooth muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel uberon vascular smooth muscle vascular smooth muscle tissue eye muscle A muscle that is part of the eye region. AAO:0000156 EMAPA:35335 MA:0000271 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvYA8cJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0004277 uberon skeleton AEO:0000168 Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.[VSAO] EHDAA2:0001843 EHDAA:5047 EMAPA:17213 FMA:23875 GAID:177 MA:0003006 MAT:0000032 MESH:D012863 MIAA:0000032 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UBERON:0004288 VSAO:0000026 XAO:0004053 galen:Skeleton https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-skeletal-system set of all bones set of bones of body skeletal uberon dermomyotome AAO:0010572 AEO:0000214 EHDAA2:0003259 EMAPA:31109 Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis. Within the dermomyotome there is also a medio-lateral difference. The central region makes dermis, the mesenchymal connective tissue of the back skin. The medial region (closest to neural tube) makes epaxial muscle, and the lateral region (furthest from neural tube) makes hypaxial muscle[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=eurekah&part=A66768]. Epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite that gives rise to trunk, muscle and dermis.[TAO] FMA:295654 Portion of somites that gives rise to dermis and muscles.[AAO] TAO:0001513 The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. Thus, representatives of the agnathan vertebrates, chondrichthyans, and sarcopterygians all have a layer of undifferentiated cells external to the embryonic myotome. In the amniotes, this external cell layer is the dermomyotome. The simplest interpretation of the similar position, morphology, and lack of myosin labeling is that a dermomyotome epithelium is a shared, ancestral vertebrate characteristic.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0004290 UMLS:C1511786 VHOG:0000676 ZFA:0001513 all but the sclerotome of a mesodermal somite; the primordium of skeletal muscle and, perhaps, of the dermis. dermamyotome dermomyotomes uberon heart rudiment A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. TAO:0000115 The migrating myocardial precursors of the heart rudiment form a cone like structure between 19.5hpf and 22hpf, and eventually telescope out into the primitive heart tube at 24hpf. Stainier 2001.[TAO] UBERON:0004291 ZFA:0000115 heart cone rudimentary heart uberon cardiac skeleton Dense connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles and provides physical support for the heart. EMAPA:36645 FMA:9496 It is not a true skeleton, but it does provide structure and support for the heart, as well as isolating the atria from the ventricles. This allows the AV node and AV bundle to delay the wave of depolarisation such that the atria can contract and assist in ventricular filling before the ventricles themselves depolarise and contract (the AV bundle is the only part of the conduction system that passes from the atria to the ventricles in a normal heart). It also allows the valves (bicuspid, tricuspid, semilunar) to keep open by giving them structural support[WP] UBERON:0004292 anulus fibrosus dexter cordis anulus fibrosus sinister cordis cardiac fibrous skeleton fibrous skeleton of heart heart fibrous skeleton skeleton of heart trigona fibrosa trigonum fibrosum dextrum cordis trigonum fibrosum sinistrum cordis uberon distal phalanx AAO:0010676 Distal-most phalanx within a digit. EMAPA:35287 In human anatomy, the distal phalanges of the four fingers and toes articulate proximally with the intermediate phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP); in the thumb and big toe, with only two phalanges, the distal phalanges articulate proximally with the proximal phalanges. The distal phalanges carry and shape nails and claws and are therefore occasionally referred to as the ungual phalanges. The distal phalanges are cone-shaped in most mammals, including most primates, but relatively wide and flat in humans. MA:0002914 UBERON:0004300 phalanx distalis phalanx distalis terminal phalanx uberon ungual phalanx middle phalanx A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges. AAO:0010677 EMAPA:35572 Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones of the finger and toe which lie in the middle, between the two wrinkly joints. The thumb and big toe do not have intermediate phalanges. In most other vertebrates, they have a corresponding place in their limbs, whether they be paw, wing, hoof or fin MA:0002915 UBERON:0004301 consider using numbering system, and axioms to the effect that there is a single middle phalanx per finger in humans. This should perhaps be renamed 'intermediate phalanx', leaving the term middle phalanx open for the specific intermediate phalanx of a 3-phalanx digit in some groups such as whales, there are multiple intermediate phalanges intermediate phalanx medial phalanx penultimate phalanx phalanx 2 phalanx II uberon proximal phalanx 1 AAO:0010680 EMAPA:35716 MA:0002916 Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones at the base of a toe or finger, the prominent, knobby ends of which are often called the knuckles. In other vertebrates, proximal phalanges have a similar placement in the corresponding limbs, be they paw, wing or fin. In many species, they are the longest and thickest phalanx ('finger' bone) Proximal-most phalanx within a digit. UBERON:0004302 phalanx 1 phalanx I proximal-most phalanx uberon primitive streak (...) the blastopore equivalent of chordates (germ ring in fish, marginal zone/blastopore lip in frog and node/primitive streak in chick and mouse) (...) (reference 1); Indeed, the primitive streak has been considered the homologue of the blastopore since the 1870s (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001525 EHDAA:185 EMAPA:16072 FMA:293110 The primitive streak is a structure that forms during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development[WP]. the midline ridge of the embryonic epiblast that later develops into mesoderm and endoderm[MP] UBERON:0004341 UMLS:C0033153 VHOG includes a very broad grouping here based on http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9609826 VHOG:0001202 primitive streak - blastopore - germ ring uberon trophectoderm (...) the trophoblast develops rapidly so that contact may be made with the maternal uterine tissues when conditions are appropriate. We have here an excellent example of an embryonic adaptation, the development of a structure never present in either adult or embryo of 'lower' vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] BTO has this has part of the trophoblast BTO:0001840 EHDAA2:0002091 EHDAA:56 EMAPA:16046 The outer cellular layer of the mammalian blastocyst. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.750, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] UBERON:0004345 VHOG:0000979 distinction between trophectoderm and trophoblast unclear/inconsistent in many sources outermost layer of cells in the blastodermic vesicle, which will develop into the trophoblast layer and then contact the endometrium and take part in establishing the embryo's means of nutrition trophectodermal uberon limb bud AAO:0010375 An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb. The limb bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. BTO:0001640 EMAPA:35944 Early outgrowth of presumptive limb.[AAO] FMA:296780 GAID:1307 MESH:A16.254.462 UBERON:0004347 UMLS:C0282505 XAO:0003161 developmentally_induced_by Fgf10, capable of initiating limb forming interactions between endoderm and mesoderm gemmae membrorum limb buds limbbud uberon optic eminence EHDAA:938 EMAPA:16322 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001308 The embryonic structure that gives rise to the corneal ectoderm UBERON:0004348 VHOG:0001296 uberon apical ectodermal ridge AAO:0010760 AER Distal ectodermal thickening which forms along the anterior-posterior limb axis. Signaling from this region influences proximal-distal patterning of the limb. Structure is missing in some lineages (salamanders, Eleutherodactylus coqui) however morphologically their indistinct distal ectoderm may still be involved in signaling.[AAO] EMAPA:32744 Proliferative region that is part of the developing fin fold or fin.[TAO] TAO:0002146 The AER of tetrapods regresses after specification of skeletal progenitors, the AER of teleosts form an elongating fin fold UBERON:0004356 UMLS:C1516037 XAO:0004121 ZFA:0001702 apical epidermal ridge crista ectodermalis apicalis maintaining mesenchyme in plastic proliferating state; maintaining expression of A-P axis genes; interacting with D-V proteins. Genes: AER induced by Fgf10 in mesenchyme. AER secretes Fgf8, which stimulates mitosis in the mesenchyme causing Fgf10 production - positive feedback loop multilayered ectodermal region at the distal tip of a limb or fin bud necessary for the proper development of the underlying mesenchyme[MP,modified]. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development[WP]. note that media, dorsal fins etc have AERs. relationship loss: subclass proliferative region (TAO:0000098)[TAO] uberon paired limb/fin bud An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb or paired fin. The limb/fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. Genes: In limb buds of chick and mouse, Shh expression is activated as soon as there is a morphological bud, whereas in S. canicula fin buds, consistent with reported data in other cartilaginous fishes, Shh is transcribed late in fin development[PMID:17187056] The tetrapod limb is derived from a posterior part of the fin endoskeleton of elasmobranchs and basal bony fish, the so-called metapterygium, a series of endoskeletal elements that is the first to form in the developing paired fins. (...) In addition, there is an independent endoskeletal element called the protopterygium that develops anterior to the metapterygium in many basal fishes (e.g., the bichir and sturgeon). Teleosts have lost the metapterygium whereas the sarcopterygians, on the other hand, have lost the protopterygium. Sarcopterygians thus develop all their endoskeletal structures from the metapterygium and consequently the tetrapod limb skeleton is derived from the metapterygium.[uncertain][VHOG] UBERON:0004357 VHOG:0001258 limb - fin bud paired appendage bud paired limb/fin bud uberon pharyngeal arch 1 1 1st arch 1st pharyngeal arch 1st visceral arch A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] AAO:0010364 CALOHA:TS-2089 EHDAA2:0000006 EHDAA:573 EMAPA:16118 FMA:293019 MFMO:0000095 TAO:0001595 The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.[AAO] The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries UBERON:0004362 UMLS:C1517197 VHOG:0000296 XAO:0000097 ZFA:0001612 arcus pharyngeus primus branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first pharyngeal arch first visceral arch mandibular arch the first arch which contributes to development of mastication muscles, maxilla, mandible, incus, malleus, Meckel's cartilage, trigeminal nerve, and maxillary artery uberon visceral arch 1 anterior limiting lamina of cornea A transparent homogeneous acellular layer, 6 to 9 um thick, lying between the basal lamina of the outer layer of stratified epithelium and the substantia propria of the cornea; it is considered to be a basement membrane. Acellular anatomical structure that is the zone of collagen fibers adjacent the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium.[TAO] Bowman's anterior elastic lamina Bowman's layer Bowman's membrane Compared to terrestial animals, the cornea of zebrafish is relatively flat. It consists of nonpigmented, stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelial cells, attached to a thick basement membrane that is considered to be analogous to the Bowman's membrane in mammals FMA:58273 MA:0001240 Reichert's membrane TAO:0002155 UBERON:0004370 UMLS:C0229127 ZFA:0001684 anterior elastic lamina anterior limiting lamina anterior limiting lamina of cornea anterior limiting membrane lamina limitans anterior (cornea) lamina limitans anterior corneae uberon bone of free limb or fin A bone that is part of an appendage [Automatically generated definition]. UBERON:0004375 appendage bone bone of appendage bone of free segment of appendicular skeleton uberon skeleton of limb EHDAA2 considers hip and shoulder joints part of limb skeleton. EHDAA2:0002221 EMAPA:32702 Skeletal subdivision that is part of the limb.[VSAO] The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb. UBERON:0004381 VSAO:0000300 free limb skeleton limb skeleton set of bones of limb uberon entire sense organ system FMA:78499 Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. UBERON:0004456 note the distinct between entire sensory system and individual system. this reconciles is_a and part_of distinctions between ssAOs sense organ system uberon musculature of thorax Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here. BTO thorax muscle is a pectoral muscle or diaphragm BTO:0000508 FMA:71293 UBERON:0004464 muscle group of thorax muscles of thorax musculi thoracis set of muscles of thorax thoracic musculature uberon musculature of trunk AAO:0011572 Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. EFO:0003531 FMA:50187 UBERON:0004479 currently defined by location rather than attachment muscle group of trunk muscular system of trunk set of muscles of trunk uberon cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32688 FMA:261726 MA:0002441 Note placement of MA class based on parthood relationship UBERON:0004493 uberon anatomical projection A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. AAO:0010278 Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, or tissue.[AAO] Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[TAO] Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, fin, scale, etc.[VSAO] FMA:67601 HAO:0000822 TAO:0001834 UBERON:0004529 VSAO:0000180 XAO:0004020 anatomical process anatomical protrusion flange flanges galen:Ridge lamella lamellae lamina laminae organ process papilla process process of organ processes processus projection projection projections protrusion ridge ridges shelf shelves should be declared disjoint from organ, but in some ontologies (e.g. ZFA), structures such as neural spines are classified as bones (and hence organs) spine uberon cardiovascular system AAO:0011001 Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. BILA:0000016 BTO:0000088 CALOHA:TS-1297 CV system EFO:0000791 EHDAA2:0000216 EHDAA:394 EMAPA:16104 EMAPA:16370 EV:0100017 FMA:7161 GAID:467 Herz und Gefaesssystem MA:0000010 MAT:0000016 MESH:D002319 MIAA:0000016 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000010 The vessels of the cardiovascular system are as varied as the diverse organs they supply. However, these variations are based on modifications of a fundamental plan of organization common to vertebrates.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0004535 UMLS:C0007226 VHOG:0000302 WikipediaCategory:Cardiovascular_system XAO:0000100 XAO:0001010 ZFA:0000010 uberon we treat cardiovascular as part of circulatory system, with the latter including other kinds of circulation, including lymph. lymph vasculature A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep. A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep.[TAO] FMA:63815 TAO:0005105 UBERON:0004536 ZFA:0005105 consider merging with parent lymph vessels lymphatic trunks and ducts lymphatic vasculature lymphatic vessel network lymphatic vessels set set of lymphatic vessels trunci et ductus lymphatici uberon blood vasculature A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. TAO:0001079 UBERON:0004537 ZFA:0001079 blood system blood vascular network blood vessel system blood vessels set of blood vessels uberon systemic arterial system FMA:45623 The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. UBERON:0004571 systemic arterial circulatory system uberon arterial system BTO:0004690 EHDAA2:0000143 EHDAA:396 EMAPA:16201 EMAPA:16371 MA:0002719 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. UBERON:0004572 VHOG:0000273 uberon systemic artery An artery of the systemic circulation, which is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart, to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. FMA:66464 UBERON:0004573 systemic arterial subtree uberon systemic venous system FMA:45626 In human anatomy, the systemic venous system refers to veins that drain into the right atrium without passing through two vascular beds (i.e. they originate from a set of capillaries and do not pass through a second set of capillaries before reaching the right side of the heart). The term systemic venous system is often used to differentiate veins from veins that drain the pulmonary system (the pulmonary venous system) and veins that drain the digestive tract (the portal venous system). Large veins that are considered part of the systemic venous system are the: Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava[WP] Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava[FMA] The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] The part of the venous system that drains the general body tissues[Kardong] UBERON:0004581 systemic venous circulatory system uberon venous system BTO:0004692 EHDAA2:0002171 EHDAA:486 EMAPA:16240 MA:0002720 The appearance of Chordata and subsequently the vertebrates is accompanied by a rapid structural diversification of this primitive linear heart: looping, unidirectional circulation, an enclosed vasculature, and the conduction system.[well established][VHOG] The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. UBERON:0004582 UMLS:C1267406 VHOG:0000277 uberon vein system sphincter muscle A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. FMA class is not a subtype of muscle FMA:75004 UBERON:0004590 UMLS:C1409894 circular muscle sphincter uberon otic capsule AAO:0010143 Otic capsules develop around the parts of the ear that lie within the chondrocranium. This part of the ear, known as the inner ear, is composed of the semicircular ducts and associated sacs that contain the receptive cells for equilibrium and hearing (reference 1); (...) considerations have led to our rethinking issues related to the origin of several aspects of vertebrate hearing, and to the view that many basic auditory functions evolved very early in vertebrate history, and that the functions observed in more `advanced' vertebrates, such as birds and mammals, are frequently modifications of themes first encountered in fishes, and perhaps even more ancestral animals.[well established][VHOG] Skeletal elements surrounding the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. Sensory capsules anterolateral to and confluent with occipital arch.[AAO] The capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism. The cartilage capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony. [Biology_online][VHOG] UBERON:0004637 VHOG:0000854 auditory capsule developmental relationships need to be checked in elasmobranchs, it remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans) otic capsule otic capsule element otic capsule endochondral element otic capsule skeletal element otic region periotic periotic capsule relationship loss: part_of occipito-petrosal (AAO:0010831)[AAO] relationship loss: part_of otic and occipital (AAO:0000993)[AAO] uberon blood vessel endothelium An endothelium that lines the blood vasculature. Other endothelia may line lymph vessels, the heart BTO:0000766 CALOHA:TS-2155 EMAPA:35176 MA:0000709 TAO:0005257 UBERON:0004638 UMLS:C1706972 ZFA:0005257 uberon liver lobule EMAPA:35499 FMA:14471 MA:0002494 UBERON:0004647 UMLS:C0227518 hepatic lobule lobules of liver lobuli hepatici lobuli hepatis lobulus hepaticus should not be confused with the anatomic lobes of the liver (caudate lobe, quadrate lobe, left lobe, and right lobe), or any of the functional lobe classification systems.[WP] the polygonal structure of the liver that consists of hepatocytes radiating outward from a hepatic vein uberon arterial system endothelium An endothelium that is part of an arterial system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35145 MA:0000703 UBERON:0004700 UMLS:C1706849 uberon bulbus cordis A pear shaped chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches. The bulbus arteriosus has three distinct layers. Hu et al. 2000.[TAO] EHDAA2:0000197 EHDAA:438 EHDAA:768 EMAPA:16216 EMAPA:16333 FMA:70300 TODO - check relationship to bulbus arteriosus UBERON:0004706 UMLS:C1284055 a transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches primitive right ventricle endocardium uberon paired limb/fin An appendage that is part of a appendage girdle complex. UBERON:0004708 UBERON:0009872 VSAO:0000067 girdle-associated appendage jointed paired lateral appendage limb or fin limb/fin paired appendage pectoral or pelvic appendage pelvic/pectoral appendage this class is the union of the classes limb, pectoral fin and pelvic fin. uberon pelvic appendage Paired appendage that consists of the posterior appendicular skeleton and associated soft and hard tissues, but excludes the pelvic girdle and its associated soft and hard tissues. UBERON:0004709 UBERON:0009876 VSAO:0000126 hindlimb/pelvic fin pelvic appendage pelvic limb/fin posterior appendage posterior limb/fin posterior paired appendage uberon jugular vein BTO:0001744 CALOHA:TS-0497 EMAPA:18638 GAID:536 MA:0002154 MESH:D007601 The jugular veins are veins that bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava. UBERON:0004711 UMLS:C0022427 jugular uberon vena jugularis conceptus AEO:0000194 BTO:0003834 EHDAA2 places this as a subtype of organism. This leads to the inference that a conceptus is an embryo (if an embryo is defined as an organism at embryo stage), which eliminates the embryonic + extra-embryonic = conceptus EHDAA2:0000001 EHDAA2:0003235 EMAPA:36040 The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. UBERON:0004716 UMLS:C1516779 embryo plus adnexa uberon segmental subdivision of nervous system Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. FBbt:00005140 UBERON:0004732 neuromere revisit this after CARO is revised and/or we have defined metameric segment; note that with the additional of an A/P axis constraint this corresponds to what Richter at al call a neuromere (PMID:21062451) uberon segmental subdivision of hindbrain An organ subunit that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:61998 UBERON:0004733 hindbrain segment segment of hindbrain uberon gastrula BILA:0000060 BTO:0001403 FBbt:00005317 FMA:293108 GAID:1302 MESH:A16.254.412 MIAA:0000179 Organism at the gastrula stage. UBERON:0004734 UBERON:0007012 UMLS:C0017199 UMLS:C1284022 We explicitly merge the NCITA terms here blastocystis trilaminaris gastrula embryo tri-laminar disc tri-laminar disk trilaminar blastocyst trilaminar blastoderm trilaminar disc trilaminar disk trilaminar germ uberon skeletal tissue A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from MA:0003047 UBERON:0004755 VSAO:0000015 XAO:0004038 ZFA:0005619 uberon cartilaginous neurocranium AAO:0000094 AAO:0010153 EHDAA:6031 FMA:76621 The primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]. UBERON:0004761 UMLS:C1516496 XAO:0003059 cartilaginous chondocranium cartilaginous skull cartiligionous skeletal structure of skull chondocranium embryonic chondocranium in contrast to chondrocranium, this structure is entirely cartiliginous. In Chondricthyes this is the same as the neurocranium. FMA:76621 is an undefined fetal structure, so we assume the correct placement is here. Note that this is distinct from MA:0000317 which is the uberon:neurocranium (the part of the cranium that encloses the brain) neurocranium uberon skeletal element AAO:0011129 Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] TAO:0001890 UBERON:0004765 VSAO:0000128 XAO:0004012 ZFA:0005494 galen:SkeletalStructure uberon articular system Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. EMAPA:35150 FMA:23878 MA:0003007 UBERON:0004770 VSAO:0000181 joint system set of all joints set of all joints of body set of joints of body uberon gastrointestinal system mucosa A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. BTO:0000546 BTO:0005568 EMAPA:36591 MA:0001521 The gut mucosa of amphioxus has insulin-secreting cells. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16417468 UBERON:0004786 digestive tract mucosa gut mucosa gut mucuous membrane mucosa of gut uberon blood vessel layer Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. EMAPA:36296 MA:0002854 UBERON:0004797 uberon respiratory tract epithelium BTO:0000419 CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32827 MA:0001480 UBERON:0004802 VHOG:0000981 airway epithelium epithelial tissue of respiratory tract epithelium of respiratory tract respiratory epithelium respiratory tract epithelial tissue the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi uberon oviduct epithelium An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0002402 CALOHA:TS-1316 EMAPA:29043 MA:0001718 UBERON:0004804 columnar epithelium of the Fallopian tube columnar epithelium of the oviduct epithelial tissue of oviduct epithelium of fallopian tube epithelium of oviduct epithelium of uterine tube fallopian tube epithelium in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label oviduct epithelial tissue uberon respiratory system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32826 MA:0001823 UBERON:0004807 VHOG:0000981 apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue uberon gastrointestinal system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32683 MA:0001520 UBERON:0004808 digestive system epithelial tissue digestive system epithelium epithelial tissue of digestive system epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system epithelium of digestive system epithelium of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue uberon endometrium epithelium An epithelium that is part of an endometrium [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35307 In rodents and primates, the uterine epithelium (the endometrium) is eroded away so that maternal blood comes into direct contact with the trophoblast surface (called haemochorial) MA:0002731 UBERON:0004811 endometrium epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of endometrium epithelium of endometrium epithelium of tunica mucosa of endometrium uberon uterine epithelium upper respiratory tract epithelium An epithelium that is part of a upper respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35894 MA:0001912 UBERON:0004814 epithelial tissue of upper respiratory tract epithelium of upper respiratory tract uberon upper respiratory tract epithelial tissue kidney epithelium BTO:0000059 CALOHA:TS-0505 EMAPA:35457 MA:0002846 UBERON:0004819 epithelial tissue of kidney epithelium of kidney kidney epithelial tissue renal epithelium the cellular avascular layer of the kidney luminar surfaces uberon cardiovascular system endothelium An endothelium that is part of the cardiovascular system. BTO:0001853 EMAPA:35201 GAID:519 MA:0000717 MESH:D004730 TAO:0002171 UBERON:0004852 UMLS:C0014261 VHOG:0001217 Vertebrates and a very few invertebrates such as squids have evolved a secondary epithelium, the endothelium, that lines their blood vessels.[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000356 ZFA:0001639 consider merging with 'endothelium' endothelia uberon vascular endothelia somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm AAO:0011100 BILA:0000047 FMA:295570 Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall - underlies the ectoderm[WP]. UBERON:0004871 XAO:0000271 check BILA outer layer of lateral plate mesoderm parietal mesoderm somatic mesoderm uberon splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm AAO:0011102 BILA:0000044 FMA:295568 Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. UBERON:0004872 We group the BILA class here. Considering adding more general class for metazoa grouping cardiogenic successors XAO:0000276 inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm splanchnic mesoderm uberon visceral mesoderm somatopleure A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP]. EHDAA2:0001847 EHDAA:381 EMAPA:16180 FMA:295566 Gives rise to the paired appendages in jawed vertebrates. a persistent somatopleure through the redistribution and expansion of the lateral plate mesoderm is a synapomorphy for gnathostomes and a critical step in generating a novel developmental module with dramatic evolutionary potentia (Tulenko et al. 2012) http://burkelab.research.wesleyan.edu/current-projects/lamprey/ UBERON:0004874 UMLS:C1519423 VHOG:0000557 sources differ as to whether this is part-of or develops-from the LPM uberon nephrogenic cord A portion of the urogenital ridge which is the source of much of the urinary system[WP]. FMA:72168 UBERON:0004875 UMLS:C1283944 chorda nephrogenica part_of or develops_from urogenital ridge? uberon urogenital fold EHDAA2:0004022 EMAPA:30888 FMA:321919 Less commonly, urogenital fold refers to the fold in the mesonephros which is the precursor of e.g. the suspensory ligament of the ovary. This is the case in older versions of Gray's anatomy[WP] One of of the pair of folds derived from the cloacal folds which give rise to a portion of the external genitalia; in male embryos they close over the urethral plate and fuse to form the spongy (penile) urethra and ventral aspect of the penis, not including the glans; failure of fusion of the urethral folds leads to hypospadias; in female embryos they fuse only anterior to the anus and form the labia minora[MP]. UBERON:0004876 uberon urethral fold urogenital fold urogenital ridge chordamesoderm AAO:0000478 EFO:0003426 Notochord rudiment[ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-961014-576]. TAO:0000091 The central region of trunk mesoderm. This tissue forms the notochord UBERON:0004880 WP treats this as synonym of axial mesoderm. Induces neural tube. Gilbert: contains an anterior head process and the notochord. ZFA:0000091 axial chorda mesoderm chorda mesoderm dorsal mesoderm presumptive notochord uberon lung mesenchyme EMAPA:32866 The mass of tissue made up of mesenchymal cells in the lung. UBERON:0004883 lung-associated mesenchyme mesenchyme of lung pulmonary mesenchyme uberon urogenital sinus epithelium EHDAA2:0004061 EMAPA:31509 EMAPA:31520 The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra UBERON:0004902 UGE epithelium of urogenital sinus uberon we follow EHDAA2 in dividing the UGS into epithelium and lumen articulation Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. FBbt:00005811 UBERON:0004905 joint uberon lower digestive tract FMA:49179 MA class was moved from here. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/509 The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. UBERON:0004907 UMLS:C0226875 WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L galen:LowerGastrointestinalTract gut lower GI tract lower gastrointestinal tract uberon upper digestive tract FMA:49177 The region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum. UBERON:0004908 UMLS:C0226874 WP: small intestine, large intestine, anus. Anal canal not part of LGIT according to FMA, but anus is considered part of LGIT according to WP. Duodenum overlaps both U/L. In Galen, entire GI tract excludes esophagus galen:UpperGastrointestinalTract uberon upper GI tract upper gastrointestinal tract biliary bud EHDAA2:0000171 EMAPA:16561 EMAPA_RETIRED:16565 UBERON:0004912 VHOG:0001351 hepatic diverticulum uberon hepatopancreatic ampulla A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. Ampulla formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct where they enter the intestine.[TAO] CALOHA:TS-2348 FMA:15076 GAID:283 MESH:A03.159.183.079.300.900 TAO:0005167 UBERON:0004913 UMLS:C0042425 Vater's ampulla ZFA:0005167 ampulla Vaterii ampulla biliaropancreatica ampulla hepatopancreatica ampulla of Vater ampulla of bile duct biliaropancreatic ampulla galen:AmpullaOfVater papilla Vateri papilla duodeni major uberon duodenal papilla EMAPA:18662 FMA:15953 MA:0003107 One of the two small elevations on the mucosa of the duodenum, the major at the entrance of the conjoined pancreatic and common bile ducts and the minor at the entrance of the accessory pancreatic duct. UBERON:0004914 papilla duodenalis papilla duodeni papilla of duodenum uberon subdivision of digestive tract A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. FBbt:00100315 FMA:71131 UBERON:0004921 alimentary system subdivision intended to denote both embryonic and adult structures. Note the FMA grouping here is not quite correct. intestinal tract segment of intestinal tract subdivision of alimentary system uberon organ component layer A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. FMA:82485 UBERON:0004923 uberon mucosa of pylorus A mucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004110 EMAPA:27199 FMA:17461 UBERON:0004998 antropyloric mucosa mucosa of organ of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ of pylorus mucosa of organ of stomach pyloric region mucosa of pyloric part of stomach mucosa of stomach pyloric region mucous membrane of pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane of pylorus mucous membrane of stomach pyloric region organ mucosa of pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa of pylorus organ mucosa of stomach pyloric region pyloric part of stomach mucosa pyloric part of stomach mucosa of organ pyloric part of stomach mucous membrane pyloric part of stomach organ mucosa pylorus mucosa pylorus mucosa of organ pylorus mucous membrane pylorus organ mucosa stomach pyloric region mucosa stomach pyloric region mucosa of organ stomach pyloric region mucous membrane stomach pyloric region organ mucosa uberon neural groove AAO:0011071 EMAPA:35594 FMA:295624 The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. The neural groove is a shallow median groove between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural folds are two longitudinal ridges that are caused by a folding up of the ectoderm in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles, and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), mid-brain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon). The walls of the vesicles are developed into the nervous tissue and neuroglia of the brain, and their cavities are modified to form its ventricles. The remainder of the tube forms the medulla spinalis or spinal cord; from its ectodermal wall the nervous and neuroglial elements of the medulla spinalis are developed while the cavity persists as the central canal[Wikipedia:Neural_groove]. UBERON:0005061 UMLS:C0814992 XAO:0000248 uberon neural fold EHDAA2:0001249 EMAPA:16142 EMAPA:16146 EMAPA:16151 EMAPA:16155 EMAPA:16159 EMAPA:16162 EMAPA:16288 EMAPA:16292 EMAPA:16295 EMAPA:16299 EMAPA:16303 EMAPA:16307 EMAPA:16528 FMA:295618 In front of the primitive streak two longitudinal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, make their appearance, one on either side of the middle line. These are named the neural folds; they commence some little distance behind the anterior end of the embryonic disk, where they are continuous with each other, and from there gradually extend backward, one on either side of the anterior end of the primitive streak. Also, after differentiation it turns into the neural tubes[Wikipedia:Neural_fold]. One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. UBERON:0005062 UMLS:C0814993 XAO:0004087 medullary fold uberon neural rod A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] EFO:0003498 TAO:0000133 UBERON:0005068 ZFA:0000133 neural tube rod uberon metanephric ureteric bud The portion of the ureteric bud tube that contributes to the morphogenesis of the metanephros[GO]. UBERON:0005080 uberon ureter ureteric bud The portion of the ureteric bud that contributes to the morphogenesis of the ureter. The ureter ureteric bud is the initial structure that forms the ureter[GO]. UBERON:0005081 uberon ectodermal placode AEO:0000218 An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO] FMA:293966 UBERON:0005085 With the exception of the adenohypophysis, homologues of the nonneurogenic placodes (e.g. placodes giving rise to the teeth, hair follicles and lens), appear to be lacking in invertebrate chordates. consder adding placodal ectoderm as a distinct class? Also place placodal ectoderm as develops_from ectoderm; need to check taxon-appropriateness epithelial placode in GO, covers optic, otic, olfactory, mammary, hair, tooth, sebaceous. uberon muscle structure EMAPA:32715 FBbt:00005073 FMA:30316 Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. UBERON:0005090 in some organisms such as drosophila, muscles can be single cells. This class groups together all discrete muscle elements, from multicellular muscle organs in vertebrates, to individual single-cell muscles in drisophila muscle muscle element musculus uberon kidney rudiment . UBERON:0005095 class added for consistency with GO - consider merging with kidney mesenchyme. kidney anlage uberon mesonephric epithelium An epithelium that is part of a mesonephros [Automatically generated definition]. UBERON:0005103 uberon epithelial bud A bud is a protrusion that forms from an epithelial sheet by localized folding. BTO:0001639 UBERON:0005153 uberon reproductive structure Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. UBERON:0005156 reproductive system element reproductive system structure uberon epithelial fold An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. UBERON:0005157 uberon multi cell part structure A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. AAO:0011000 CARO:0001000 FBbt:00007060 FMA:83115 UBERON:0005162 cell part cluster multi-cell-component structure multi-cell-part structure uberon we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' hepatic duct A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.[TAO] A duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine[ZFA]. Any portion of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the common bile duct. This may include both intrahapetic components (parts of left and right hepatic ducts) and extrahapetic components (common hepatic duct, plus hilar portion). EHDAA2:0000741 EHDAA:3049 EMAPA:16843 FMA:71891 MA:0000357 OpenCyc:Mx4rvWo8WJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TODO - MA distinguishes between bile duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct and common hepatic duct. in FMA hepatic duct and common hepatic duct are the same The excretory duct of the liver or one of its branches in the lobes of the liver. [TFD][VHOG] The hepatic duct is the duct that leads from the liver to the bile duct[GO]. UBERON:0005171 UMLS:C0917710 VHOG:0000219 galen:HepaticDuct uberon abdomen element An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. MA:0000522 UBERON:0005172 abdomen organ uberon abdominal segment element An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. MA:0000529 UBERON:0005173 abdominal segment organ uberon dorsal region element An organ or element that part of the dorsum of the organism. Examples: spinal cord, vertebrae, muscles of back. MA:0001901 UBERON:0005174 back organ dorsal region organ uberon trunk region element An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. MA:0000516 UBERON:0005177 trunk organ uberon thoracic cavity element An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. MA:0000557 UBERON:0005178 thoracic cavity organ uberon pelvic region element An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis. MA:0000543 UBERON:0005179 pelvic element pelvis organ pelvis region organ uberon thoracic segment organ An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. MA:0000563 UBERON:0005181 uberon upper body organ right atrium valve A valve that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition]. EHDAA2:0000302 EMAPA:17327 MA:0001871 UBERON:0005208 right atrium valves superior vena cava valve uberon valve of right atrium basal plate metencephalon EHDAA2:0001154 EMAPA:17078 The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the metencephalon. [Chordate_evolution_and_the_origin_of_craniates:_An_old_brain_in_a_new_head._AnaT_Rec_(New_Anat)_(2000)_261(3):_111-125, See_Butler_AB][VHOG] UBERON:0005239 VHOG:0000320 metencephalon basal plate uberon head mesenchyme EFO:0003492 EHDAA2:0000732 EHDAA:179 EMAPA:16098 EMAPA_RETIRED:16269 FMA:76622 Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head. (Source: BioGlossary, www.Biology-Text.com)[TAO] Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. TAO:0000113 UBERON:0005253 VHOG:0000332 ZFA:0000113 cephalic mesenchyme cranial mesenchyme desmocranium uberon trunk mesenchyme EFO:0003485 EHDAA2:0002092 EHDAA:377 EMAPA:16177 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. TAO:0000081 UBERON:0005256 VHOG:0000281 ZFA:0000081 trunk and cervical mesenchyme uberon ventricular system of central nervous system A set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord[WP]. CNS ventricular system EFO:0003650 EHDAA2:0004362 EV:0100306 FMA:242675 MBA:73 TAO:0001261 TODO - resolve space vs structure conflation. We follow FMA in making this and the various ventricles a structure - it follows from this that strutures such as the tela choroidea and choroid plexuses can be part of the ventricles and ventricular system. Note: see also the class 'neuraxis cavity' UBERON:0005281 ZFA:0001261 uberon ventricle system ventricular system ventricular system of neuraxis ventriculi cerebri ventricular system of brain CALOHA:TS-1295 FMA:242787 The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0005282 VHOG:0000005 brain ventricular system uberon tela choroidea A structure found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain, consisting of part of the meninges (pia mater in mammals) plus ependyma[cjm]. FMA:242849 Note that the structure in ZFA may be different Portion of tissue that is part of the primitive meninx which forms a fold, roofing a ventricle of the brain and supporting the choroid plexus[ZFA:0000447]. TAO:0000447 UBERON:0005283 Vascularized tela choroidea is choroid plexus. ZFA:0000447 tela chorioidea uberon myelencephalon BTO:0000758 CALOHA:TS-0607 CALOHA:TS-2365 DHBA:10662 EHDAA2:0001207 EHDAA:5526 EMAPA:17082 HBA:9512 MA:0000205 The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] The posterior of the two brain vesicles formed by specialization of the rhombencephalon in the developing embryo, it comprises the medulla oblongata. [TFD][VHOG] The posterior part of the developing vertebrate hindbrain or the corresponding part of the adult brain composed of the medulla oblongata and a portion of the fourth ventricle; as well as the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).[BTO,WP]. UBERON:0005290 VHOG:0000456 myelencephalon (medulla oblongata) the terms metencephalon and myelencephalon are only meaningful in mammals and birds - Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain. Note that its not clear if this refers to the developing medulla oblongata - MA (adult) has two distinct classes uberon embryonic tissue A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. CALOHA:TS-2100 UBERON:0005291 developing tissue portion of embryonic tissue uberon extraembryonic tissue BTO:0003360 CALOHA:TS-2119 EFO:0001406 MAT:0000061 MIAA:0000061 Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. UBERON:0005292 extra-embryonic tissue uberon ventricle of nervous system A layer in the central nervous system that lines system of communicating cavities in the brain and spinal cord. EMAPA:35209 FMA:242770 UBERON:0005358 region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis uberon ventricular layer photoreceptor array An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. FBbt:00004200 UBERON:0005388 light-sensitive tissue uberon transparent eye structure A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. UBERON:0005389 directing or focusing light onto light receptors lens uberon female reproductive gland A sex gland that is part of a female reproductive system. BTO:0000254 MA:0000383 UBERON:0005398 uberon male reproductive gland A sex gland that is part of a male reproductive system. BTO:0000080 EMAPA:19285 MA:0000399 UBERON:0005399 accessory sex gland uberon alimentary part of gastrointestinal system All metazoans (with degenerate exceptions) have some sort of digestive cavity with a means of entrance to and exit from it.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0000058 CALOHA:TS-0407 EHDAA2:0000110 EHDAA:514 EMAPA:16246 EV:0100056 FMA:71132 GAID:294 GI tract MA:0000323 MESH:A03.492 The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. The system that includes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas[ncithesaurus:Gastrointestinal_System]. UBERON:0005409 UMLS:C0012240 VHOG:0000412 alimentary system alimentary tract galen:GastrointestinalTract gastro-intestinal system gastrointestinal (GI) tract gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal tract that many anatomy ontologies consider this synonymous with digestive system. here we follow MA in dividing digestive system into gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary. hepatobiliary includes the liver and biliary tract. species-specific AO classes are categorized according to whether liver is included. For example, XAO includes liver as part of XAO:0000125 alimentary system, so we assume this class is the more generic class. We have one entity that is part of both gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems: hepatopancreatic ampulla. the decision to split digestive and gastrointestinal in this way may be revisited. As it currently stands, this class more closely aligns what MA calls the alimentary system uberon hindlimb bud A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb. AAO:0010382 EHDAA:2358 EMAPA:16779 Genes: Tbx4 specifies hindlimbs. Wnt8c restricts Fgf10 in chick. MIAA:0000256 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003197 The bilateral thickening of the ectoderm in the region of the first noticeable at NF stage 47, and innervated by NF stage 51. The hind limb buds develop before the forelimb buds.[AAO] UBERON:0005418 XAO:0003066 hind limb bud leg bud limb bud - hindlimb posterior limb bud uberon pelvic appendage bud A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin. EFO:0003469 Fin bud that develops into the pelvic fin.[TAO] Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] TAO:0001384 UBERON:0005420 VHOG:0001260 ZFA:0001384 at this time we have no need to name a more specific 'pelvic fin bud' class, but we may in future hindlimb/pelvic fin bud pelvic fin bud pelvic fin buds uberon developing anatomical structure AEO:0000125 CALOHA:TS-2122 EHDAA2:0003125 FBbt:00007006 FMA:292313 MIAA:0000019 UBERON:0005423 developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue uberon presumptive neural retina (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001304 EMAPA:16675 Portion of tissue that is the inner layer of the optic cup and will become the neural retina. TAO:0001071 UBERON:0005425 VHOG:0000490 ZFA:0001071 future NR future neural epithelium future neural layer future neural retina future retinal neural layer inner layer optic cup optic cup inner layer presumptive retina presumptive retinas uberon lens vesicle (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The optic cup induces the overlying surface ectoderm first to thicken as a lens placode and then to invaginate and form a lens vesicle that differentiates into the lens.[well established][VHOG] A vesicle formed from the lens pit of the embryo, developing into the crystalline lens. [TFD][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000983 EHDAA:4737 EMAPA:17163 Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. TAO:0002205 UBERON:0005426 VHOG:0001163 ZFA:0001679 hollow lens vesicle immature lens lens mass presumptive lens solid lens vesicle the lens of zebrafish (and other teleosts) forms from delamination of cells from the lens placode; thus, there is no formation of a hollow lens vesicle, in contrast to the situation in mammals and birds (Glass and Dahm, 2004) [PMID:16496288] The lens of the zebrafish forms by delamination of lens placodal cells and not through invagination. This results in a solid spherical mass as opposed to a hollow lens vesicle. Detachment of the solid lens vesicle of zebrafish at 24b26 hpf is accomplished in part by apoptosis, similar to mammals uberon corneal primordium Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. TAO:0002188 UBERON:0005427 ZFA:0001688 uberon cervical region FMA:24219 UBERON:0005434 cervical region neck subdivision region of neck subdivision of neck uberon sulcus limitans of neural tube A longitudinal groove in the neural tube wall that divides the neural tube into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) halves (dorsal receives input from sensory neurons, ventral effects motor functions); stretches from the mesencephalon caudad[TMD]. BAMS:slim BAMS:slm UBERON:0005478 neural tube lateral wall sulcus limitans sulcus limitans uberon tricuspid valve leaflet A valve leaflet that is part of a tricuspid valve. EMAPA:18630 FMA:7237 Leaf of caridac valve which has as its parts the anterior, posterior and septal leaflets that is is attached to the chorda tendinea of the right ventricle and the fibrous ring of tricuspid valve. MA:0003180 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002082 The mature AV (atrioventricular) valve of the adult zebrafish 2-chambered heart is structurally similar to the mammalian AV valves with stratified ECM (extracellular matrix) and supporting chordae tendineae. Therefore, the major cellular and molecular events of valve development are largely conserved among animals with hearts composed of multiple chambers.[uncertain][VHOG] UBERON:0005484 VHOG:0000821 leaflet of tricuspid valve tricuspid valve leaflet tricuspid valve leaflets tricuspid valvular leaflet uberon neural tube lateral wall EHDAA2:0001257 EHDAA:2873 EHDAA:912 EMAPA:16532 Portion of tissue on the side of the lumen of the neural tube. TAO:0001435 UBERON:0005496 VHOG:0000513 ZFA:0001435 lateral wall neural tube uberon non-neural ectoderm After gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm. EFO:0003643 EHDAA:257 EMAPA:16074 Gene notes: One of the first genes to be expressed in nonneural ectoderm in amphioxus is BMP2/4 (Panopoulou et al. 1998). BMP2/4 homologues appear to have a very ancient role in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm; in Drosophila as well as in amphioxus and vertebrates, BMP2/4 homologues are expressed in nonneural ectoderm and function in distinguishing neural from nonneural ectoderm (Francois & Bier, 1995 ; Sasai et al. 1995 ; Wilson & Hemmati-Brivanlou, 1995; Panopoulou et al. 1998). A change in level of BMP2/4 from very high in nonneural ectoderm to low in neural ectoderm appears to be a key factor in development of neural crest (Baker & Bronner-Fraser,1997a,1997b;Erickson&Reedy,1998;Marchantet al.1998 ;Selleck et al. 1998). Editor note: todo - epidermis? todo - track down EHDAA2 class in new release In the early gastrula of vertebrates, factors from the organizer (e.g. noggin, chordin, and follistatin in Xenopus) antagonize the epidermalizing factor bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), thus dividing the epiblast into neuroectoderm. In Drosophila, decapentaplegic, the homologue of BMP4, interacts similarly with the protein short gastrulation, the homologue of chordin. Thus, a comparable molecular mechanism for distinguishing non-neural ectoderm from neural ectoderm was probably present in the common ancestor of all bilaterally symmetrical animals.[well established][VHOG] RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001273 TAO:0001178 UBERON:0005497 VHOG:0001372 XAO:0004091 ZFA:0001178 epidermal ectoderm epithelial ectoderm non neural ectoderm surface ectoderm uberon ventral ectoderm primitive heart tube EHDAA2:0001512 EHDAA:424 EHDAA:436 EMAPA:16208 EMAPA:16215 FMA:321916 Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. TAO:0000149 UBERON:0005498 ZFA:0000149 early primitive heart tube primitive heart tube uberon gonad primordium EFO:0003651 EHDAA:5927 EMAPA:17204 Immature reproductive tissue that has not undergone final maturation into either testis or ovary.[TAO] Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002148 TAO:0001262 UBERON:0005564 WBbt:0008366 ZFA:0001262 future gonad gonadal primordium immature gonad primitive gonad this is a very broad grouping class uberon undifferentiated gonad head somite EHDAA2 has both 'head somite' and 'head somite group', with part_of and develops_from for latter EHDAA2:0003437 EMAPA:16172 Somite located in the head region, caudal to the otic vesicle They provide the epaxial and hypaxial muscles of the neck, the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles that develop in the caudal branchial arches and the musculature of the tongue. Despite their localisation in the head, myogenic precursors from occipital somites essentially follow the trunk programmes (E. H. Walters and S. D., unpublished). during evolution, have been secondarily incorporated into the head (Gans and Northcutt, 1983) UBERON:0005594 XAO:0000313 cranial somite in humans this includes somites 1-4 occipital somite uberon lung primordium A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment representing the primordia of the lungs, formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum. AAO:0011059 EFO:0002578 EMAPA:36007 UBERON:0005597 UBERON:3010717 XAO:0001002 lateral diverticula lung diverticulum lung endoderm uberon extrahepatic part of hepatic duct EMAPA:16844 MA:0001636 UBERON:0005604 VHOG:0000215 extrahepatic part of the hepatic duct hepatic duct extrahepatic part uberon left dorsal aorta A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG] Contributes to the arch of aorta in humans EHDAA2:0000936 EHDAA:404 EMAPA:16205 MA:0000478 UBERON:0005613 VHOG:0000484 uberon right dorsal aorta A study of embryos shows that in all vertebrates six arterial arches link the ventral aorta with a pair of lateral dorsal aortae on each side of the body. The latter unite posteriorly to form a single median dorsal aorta wich takes blood to the body.[well established][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001720 EHDAA:406 EMAPA:16206 MA:0000479 Normally regresses in humans UBERON:0005622 VHOG:0000485 uberon vascular plexus A vascular network formed by frequent anastomoses between the blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a part. AEO:0000219 EHDAA2:0004112 EMAPA:35904 FMA:5900 In a vascular plexus, the contents of the vessels mix. A plexus allows blood to flow via multiple routes. If one branch of the plexus is obstructed, the blood may flow via the open branches[Wikipedia:Plexus#Circulatory_system]. UBERON:0005629 XAO:0004143 plexus vasculosus uberon extraembryonic membrane EHDAA2 is a mereological sum. EHDAA2:0004714 FMA:305915 Intrinsic membrane that arises from embryonic germ layers and grow to surround the developing embryo. UBERON:0005631 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-extraembryonic-membranes stuctures homologous to the four extraembryonic membranes appear in mammals [ISBN10:0073040584 (Vertebrates, Kardong)] uberon otocyst epithelium An epithelium that is part of a ear vesicle. EHDAA2:0001344 EMAPA:16671 EMAPA:16996 EMAPA:16999 UBERON:0005641 VHOG:0000986 uberon pronephric mesoderm A mesoderm that has the potential to develop into a pronephros. AAO:0011090 EFO:0003479 Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30.[AAO] TAO:0000067 UBERON:0005721 VHOG:0001239 XAO:0000264 ZFA:0000067 pronephric anlage pronephric bulge pronephric mesenchyme pronephric primordium the intermediate mesoderm of the chick embryo acquires its ability to form kidneys through its interactions with the paraxial mesoderm [ISBN:9780878932504 "Developmental Biology", http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720431 "Signals from trunk paraxial mesoderm induce pronephros formation in chick intermediate mesoderm"]. These interactions induce the expression of TFs including Lim1, Pax2 and Pax6 that cause the intermediate mesoderm to form the kidney uberon olfactory system A sensory system that is capable of olfacttion (the sensory perception of smell). AAO:0000334 AAO:0000978 BILA:0000144 EFO:0001973 EMAPA:36004 FMA:7190 In mammals, the main olfactory system detects odorants that are inhaled through the nose, where they contact the main olfactory epithelium, which contains various olfactory receptors. These olfactory receptors are membrane proteins of bipolar olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Rather than binding specific ligands like most receptors, olfactory receptors display affinity for a range of odor molecules. Olfactory neurons transduce receptor activation into electrical signals in neurons. The signals travel along the olfactory nerve, which belongs to the peripheral nervous system. This nerve terminates in the olfactory bulb, which belongs to the central nervous system. The complex set of olfactory receptors on different olfactory neurons can distinguish a new odor from the background environmental odors and determine the concentration of the odor[WP]. MA:0002445 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViw75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001149 The olfactory system is the sensory system used for olfaction, or the sense of smell. Most mammals and reptiles have two distinct parts to their olfactory system: a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system. The main olfactory system detects volatile, airborne substances, while the accessory olfactory system senses fluid-phase stimuli. Behavioral evidence indicates that most often, the stimuli detected by the accessory olfactory system are pheromones. The olfactory system is often spoken of along with the gustatory system as the chemosensory senses because both transduce chemical signals into perception[WP][Wikipedia:Olfactory_system]. The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell).[AAO] UBERON:0005725 UMLS:C0228065 XAO:0003196 ZFA:0001149 consider splitting into main and accessory. See also: vomeronasal organ uberon we make the relationship to nervous system 'overlaps', as the olfactory system includes e.g. apertures in the cranium that are not part of the nervous system chemosensory system BILA:0000139 UBERON:0005726 uberon extraembryonic mesoderm . EHDAA2:0000474 EMAPA:31862 EMAPA:31863 FMA:296719 UBERON:0005728 VHOG:0000616 extra-embryonic mesoderm extraembryonic mesenchyme uberon pelvic appendage field A limb/fin field that has the potential to develop into a pelvic appendage bud mesenchyme. Embryonic region that develops into the pelvic fin bud.[TAO] TAO:0001454 UBERON:0005730 ZFA:0001454 pelvic appendage field of lateral plate mesoderm pelvic fin field uberon fin field A limb/fin field that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a paired fin bud. UBERON:0005731 fin field of lateral plate mesoderm uberon paired limb/fin field A ring of cells capable of forming a limb or paired fin[Gilbert,modified]. UBERON:0005732 limb/fin field of lateral plate mesoderm paired limb/fin field uberon we represent the field as being a part of the LPM (consistent with ZFA, Gilbert). As a consequence, the relationship between limb bud (with is ectoderm+mesenchyme) stands in a weaker has_developmental_contribution_from relation to the field - TODO implement this. limb field A ring of cells capable of forming a limb. UBERON:0005733 limb field of lateral plate mesoderm the central portion of the limb field gives rise to the limb proper. mesenchyme cells proliferate from from the somatic layer of limb field lateral plate mesoderm (limb skeletal precursors) and from the somites (limb muscle precursors) . these mesenchymal cells accumulate under the ectedermal tissue to make a limb bud. // The lateral plate mesoderm in the limb field is also special in that it will induce myoblasts to migrate out from the somites and enter the limb bud. No other region of the lateral plate mesoderm will do that (Hayashi and Ozawa 1995) uberon tunica adventitia of blood vessel EMAPA:36299 TODO - note terminological problems. WP says tunica external layer of blood vessel. FMA says tunica externa = adventitia, and is FMA adventitia covers other kinds of vessels. Here we opt for a lengthier name that attempts to disambiguate. There is no precise FMA equivalent, as FMA has tunica externa of arteries, veins, genital ducts etc as siblings The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue. The outermost layer of a blood vessel, surrounding the tunica media. It is mainly composed of collagen. The collagen serves to anchor the blood vessel to nearby organs, giving it stability[Wikipedia:Tunica_externa_%28vessels%29]. UBERON:0005734 UMLS:C0225342 adventitia externa external coat tunica adventitia tunica adventitia of vessel tunica adventitia vasorum tunica externa vasorum uberon adventitia An outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure[WP]. FMA:45635 UBERON:0005742 tunica advetitia tunica externa uberon glomerular tuft ...Soon afterwards, endothelial cells invade to make a capillary knot-like outgrowth, the glomerular tuft, which goes on to form the glomerulus EMAPA:28239 The capillary loops of the kidney that normally function as a filtration unit[MP]. UBERON:0005749 glomerular capillary tuft glomerulus uberon caudal part of nephrogenic cord The metanephros develops from the most caudal part of the nephrogenic cord that is itself derived from the intermediate plate mesoderm. UBERON:0005753 caudal portion of nephrogenic cord caudal region of nephrogenic cord rear part of nephrogenic cord rear portion of nephrogenic cord uberon rostral part of nephrogenic cord The initial renal anlage that develops from the most rostral part of the nephrogenic cord is termed the pronephros. UBERON:0005754 uberon acellular membrane A acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. FMA:63871 UBERON:0005764 uberon basement membrane of epithelium AAO:0010596 An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. FMA:63872 GAID:915 UBERON:0005769 UMLS:C0004799 basement membrane basement membrane of connective tissue membrana basalis this class represents a continuous sheet of basement membrane which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class 'basal membrane' represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell. uberon nephric ridge EHDAA2:0001242 EHDAA:1015 EMAPA:16368 Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions. TODO - check ridge vs cord vs nephrogenic cord vs blastema UBERON:0005792 VHOG:0001240 nephric cord uberon embryonic uterus FMA:72173 UBERON:0005795 fetal uterus uberon section of aorta Any portion of the aorta including the ascending and descending aorta, and aortic arch or a portion of the aortic orifice of the left ventricle. FMA:13087 UBERON:0005800 UMLS:C0506947 aortic section aortic segment portion of aorta segment of aorta uberon dorsal aorta AAO:0011029 BTO:0004673 DA EHDAA:402 EMAPA:18606 Each primitive aorta receives anteriorly a vein 'the vitelline vein' from the yolk-sac, and is prolonged backward on the lateral aspect of the notochord under the name of the dorsal aorta. The dorsal aortae give branches to the yolk-sac, and are continued backward through the body-stalk as the umbilical arteries to the villi of the chorion. The two dorsal aortae combine to become the descending aorta in later development[WP]. Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, leading from the paired roots (radices) of the dorsal aorta to the caudal artery. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] TAO:0000014 The artery in vertebrate embryos that transports blood from the aortic arches to the trunk and limbs. In adult fish it is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood from the efferent branchial arteries to branches that supply the body organ. In adult tetrapods it arises from the systemic arch The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. UBERON:0005805 VHOG:0000264 When vertebrates first appeared, they must have possessed a ventral and dorsal aorta with aortic arches between them.[well established][VHOG] XAO:0000051 ZFA:0000014 aorta dorsalis aortae dorsales dorsal aorta root dorsal aortae dorsal aortic root dorsal aortæ relationship loss: part_of axial vasculature (TAO:0001073)[TAO] uberon portal system FMA:45628 In the circulatory system of animals, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system. They are relatively uncommon as the majority of capillary beds drain into veins which then drain into the heart, not into another capillary bed. Portal venous systems are considered venous because the blood vessels that join the two capillary beds are either veins or venules. Examples of such systems include the hepatic portal system and the hypophyseal portal system. Unqualified, 'portal venous system' often refers to the hepatic portal system. For this reason, 'portal vein' most commonly refers to the hepatic portal vein[WP]. MESH:D011168 UBERON:0005806 UMLS:C0226727 portal venous system uberon spinal cord segment FMA:62420 MA:0003080 This is currently used loosely to refer to cervical, lumbar, etc as well as the metamerically repeated segments, which may correspond more closely with the ZFA neuromere term UBERON:0005844 axial part of spinal cord axial regional part of spinal cord segment of spinal cord spinal neuromeres uberon developing mesenchymal condensation A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. AEO:0000148 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003148 EHDAA:8979 UBERON:0005856 mesenchyme condensation uberon cartilaginous condensation AEO:0000147 Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes. EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003147 EMAPA:32731 UBERON:0005863 VSAO:0000092 XAO:0004022 cartilage condensation cartilagenous condensation chondrogenic condensation isa cell condensation in VSAO; has_part chondroblast in AEO uberon pre-cartilage condensation A closely packed aggregation of mesenchymal cells just prior to their differentiation into embryonic cartilage. A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme whose cells are committed to become chondroblasts. AEO:0000150 EHDAA2:0003150 EMAPA:32736 UBERON:0005866 pre-chondrogenic condensation precartilage condensation precartilagenous condensation prechondrogenic condensation uberon mandibular prominence EHDAA2:0001061 EHDAA:5871 EMAPA:17355 FMA:293051 UBERON:0005867 UMLS:C1512982 check develops_from mandibular process mandibular swelling prominentia mandibularis the paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip uberon autopodial extension A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis. UBERON:0005881 digit or predigit encompasses digits and prepollex. requires review limb outgrowth uberon serous sac EMAPA:16060 FMA:9689 MA:0000005 Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA] See notes for serous membrane UBERON:0005906 uberon endo-epithelium Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA] FMA:69065 UBERON:0005911 endoderm-derived epithelium endoepithelium uberon axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton AAO:0000963 EMAPA:17214 EMAPA:18043 MA:0000308 Skeletal subdivision of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.[VSAO] Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. UBERON:0005944 UMLS:C0222645 VSAO:0000056 XAO:0004011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton skeleton axiale uberon outflow tract of atrium An outflow tract that is part of a cardiac atrium. FMA:14141 UBERON:0005946 outflow part of atrium uberon outflow part of right atrium FMA:9550 Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA] UBERON:0005965 main part of right atrium outflow tract of right atrium uberon outflow part of left atrium An outflow tract of atrium that is part of a left atrium. FMA:9551 UBERON:0005966 main part of left atrium outflow tract of left atrium uberon amniotic fold A sheet of somatopleure that grows upward over the embryo and eventually meets in the midline enclosing the embryo, eventually giving rise to the amnion and chorion[Kardong]. EMAPA:16076 UBERON:0005971 uberon heart layer The laminar structure of the heart UBERON:0005983 uberon coronary vessel Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation MESH:D003331 TODO - change relation from part_of UBERON:0005985 uberon chorda tendineae FMA:12225 GAID:564 MESH:D002815 The tendinous strands that connect the papillary muscles on the wall of the ventricles to the leaflets of the atrioventricular valves; the chordae tendineae serve to prevent the AV valves from prolapsing back into the atria UBERON:0005994 UMLS:C0008484 chordae tendinea chordae tendineae cordis uberon mitral valve anulus FMA:9498 The fibrous ring of the mitral valve that attaches the cusps of mitral valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior and posterior cusps UBERON:0005995 anulus of mitral valve fibrous ring of mitral valve mitral annulus mitral anulus mitral valvar anulus uberon mitral valve cusp The two fibrous components and associated flaps of the mitral valve UBERON:0005996 uberon integumentary adnexa Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. UBERON:0006003 add subclasses based on resolution of CARO tracker item. Also check: adnexal gland. Note that MP implicitly includes hypodermis. adnexae cutis body hair or bristle skin adnexa skin adnexal structure skin appendage the tissue or structures associated with or embedded in the skin such as hair and hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and claws or nails[MP:0010678] uberon fibrous ring of heart A ring of ribrous tissue that surrounds the atrioventricular and arterial orifices BTO:0003628 FMA:9497 Lower's ring TODO - compare with ZFA atrioventricular ring, part of the conduction system UBERON:0006008 annulus fibrosus cordis anulus fibrosus cordis anulus fibrosus of heart aortic annulus atrioventricular ring coronary tendon fibrous ring of heart uberon cusp of cardiac valve FMA:7232 The part of the heart valves that serves to seal the heart valves when closed. There are three cusps for each valve except for the mitral valve, which has only two (hence its alternate name, 'bicuspid valve'). 'Nodules' are located at the tip of the valve, to form a tighter seal[WP]. UBERON:0006009 UMLS:C0225923 cardiac valve cusp cardiac valvular cusp cardiac valvule cardial valve cusp semilunar valvule uberon multi-limb segment region A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions). UBERON:0006058 uberon nerve fiber A threadlike extension of a nerve cell and consists of an axon and myelin sheath (if it is myelinated) in the nervous system. There are nerve fibers in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. A nerve fiber may be myelinated and/or unmyelinated. In the central nervous system (CNS), myelin by oligodendroglia cells is formed. Schwann cells form myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Schwann cells also make a thin covering in an axon without myelin (in the PNS). A peripheral nerve fiber contains an axon, myelin sheath, schwann cells and its endoneurium. There are no endoneurium and schwann cells in the central nervous system. BAMS:nfi FMA:5914 MESH:A08.663.542 UBERON:0006134 nerve fibers nerve fibre neurofibra neurofibra neurofibrous neurofibrum uberon myelinated nerve fiber Axons of neurons encased in a lipoproteinaceous material called myelin. (MeSH) FMA:5915 GAID:745 MESH:A08.663.542.512 UBERON:0006135 UMLS:C0027750 consider adding link to UBERON:0002316 ! white matter of neuraxis http://www1.pbrc.hawaii.edu/~danh/MyelinEvolution/evolution.html, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=6134604, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin#Invertebrate_myelin uberon unmyelinated nerve fiber FMA:5916 GAID:767 MESH:A08.663.542.756 UBERON:0006136 UMLS:C0501409 non-myelinated nerve fiber uberon rhombic lip DHBA:10664 EHDAA2:0000231 EMAPA:17074 TAO:0001440 The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roofplate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain.[TAO] UBERON:0006215 UBERON:0013163 XAO:0004135 ZFA:0001440 cerebellar anlage cerebellar primordium cerebellum primordium dorsal part of alar plate of metencephalon future cerebellum presumptive cerebellum rostral rhombic lip the posterior section of the developing metencephalon recognized transiently within the vertebrate embryo; the rhombic lip extends posteriorly from the roof of the fourth ventricle to dorsal neuroepithelial cell and can be divided into eight structural units based on rhombomeres 1-8 (r1-r8), recognized at early stages of hindbrain development; producing granule cells and five brainstem nuclei, the rhombic lip plays an important role in developing a complex cerebellar neural system uberon cloacal membrane A membrane that separates the proctodeum and the hindgut in the early embryo. [Evolution, Fourth_Edition_(2006)_McGraw-Hill, Function, Vertebrates:_Comparative_Anatomy, p.497, see_Kardong_KV][VHOG] EHDAA2:0000257 EHDAA:214 EHDAA:2933 EMAPA:16832 FMA:295525 In mammals, the cloaca exists as an embryonic structure that undergoes septation to become distinct urethral, anal, and genital orifices.[well established][VHOG] The membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca, formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm; the urorectal septum joins the cloacal membrane and divides it into an anal membrane and a urogenital membrane; the point where the urorectal septum intersects the cloacal membrane is the future site of the perineal body; proliferation of mesoderm and ectoderm around the cloacal membrane produces primordial tissues of the external genitalia in both sexes: the genital tubercle, genital folds, and genital swellings. UBERON:0006217 UMLS:C0231056 VHOG:0001198 embryonic cloacal membrane membrana cloacalis uberon foregut-midgut junction Although all vertebrates have a digestive tract and accessory glands, various parts of this system are not necessarily homologous, analogous, or even present in all species. Therefore, broad comparisons can be best made under the listings of headgut, foregut, midgut, pancreas and biliary system, hindgut.[well established][VHOG] An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut. EHDAA2:0000569 EHDAA:526 EMAPA:16363 UBERON:0006235 VHOG:0000291 uberon future brain BAMS:Enc BTO:0004726 EFO:0003431 EHDAA:300 EHDAA:830 EMAPA:16089 EMAPA:16471 FMA:312967 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000591 TAO:0000146 The embryonic precursor of the brain and the set of mature brain structures that derive from it (CUMBO) The embryonic precursor of the brain. UBERON:0006238 ZFA:0000146 brain rudiment embryonic brain encephalon presumptive brain uberon future forebrain A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain. BAMS:Pros EFO:0003423 EHDAA2:0000661 EHDAA:2643 EMAPA:16640 TAO:0000062 TODO. Add relationships to neural plate (both ZFA and EMAPA time this with the neural plate) UBERON:0006240 ZFA:0000062 future prosencephalon presumptive forebrain presumptive prosencephalon prosencephalon uberon future spinal cord EFO:0003438 EHDAA2:0000674 EHDAA:898 EMAPA:16092 EMAPA:16525 EMAPA:16755 TAO:0000417 UBERON:0006241 ZFA:0000417 presumptive spinal cord presumptive spinal cord neural keel presumptive spinal cord neural plate presumptive spinal cord neural rod uberon gall bladder primordium A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops. EHDAA2:0000700 EHDAA:3047 EMAPA:16713 UBERON:0006242 XAO:0004205 uberon lingual swellings EHDAA2:0000996 EMAPA:17186 Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG] Primordium of the tongue; the median swelling and the distal and proximal swellings arise from the ventral aspect of the stomodeum. [TFD][VHOG] UBERON:0006260 VHOG:0000449 lingual swelling the collection consisting of the two lateral swellings and the medial swelling uberon notochordal plate EHDAA2:0001278 EHDAA:264 EMAPA:16101 TODO - check ordering; awaiting confirmation from JB The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. The notochordal plate is the dorsal part of the notochordal process when the ventral portion breaks down. It is continuous laterally with the endoderm that composes the roof of the primitive foregut and is in contact dorsally with the neural tube. The folding off of the notochordal plate gives rise to the notochord. [Carson_JL, Dehart_DB, Developmental_Dynamics_(1994)_201:_260-278, Gesteland_K_and_Schoenwolf_GC, Inagaki_T, Morphogenesis_of_the_murine_node_and_notochordal_plate, The_prechordal_plate, Vrablic_T, see_Mueller_F_and_O'Rahilly_R, the_rostral_end_of_the_notochord_and_nearby_median_features_in_staged_human_embryos._Cells_Tissues_Organs_(2003)_173:_1-20_and_Sulik_K][VHOG] UBERON:0006267 UMLS:C1518429 VHOG:0001212 uberon notochordal process A midline cellular cord formed from the migration of mesenchymal cells from the primitive knot EHDAA2:0001279 EHDAA:224 EMAPA:16102 FMA:293135 The notochordal process grows cranially until it reaches the prechordal plate, the future site of the mouth. In this area the ectoderm is attached directly to the endoderm without intervening mesoderm. This area is known as the oropharyngeal membrane, and it will break down to become the mouth. At the other end of the primitive streak the ectoderm is also fused directly to the endoderm; this is known as the cloacal membrane (proctodeum), or primordial anus. UBERON:0006268 UMLS:C1518430 VHOG:0001213 chordamesoderm presumptive notochord uberon otic pit A depression appearing in each otic placode, marking the beginnning of embryonic development of the internal ear. [TFD][VHOG] EHDAA2:0001336 EHDAA:929 EMAPA:16536 FMA:302911 UBERON:0006273 UBERON:0009123 VHOG:0001147 otic cup the pair of depressions of thickened otic placode epithelium, that further develops into the otic vesicles uberon future cardiac ventricle EHDAA2:0001531 EMAPA:16233 EMAPA:16350 FMA:71006 Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac ventricle. TAO:0002231 The embryonic ventricle or primitive ventricle of the developing heart gives rise to the trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricles. In contrast, the smooth parts of the left and right ventricles originate from the embryological bulbus cordis. The primitive ventricle becomes divided by a septum, the septum inferius or ventricular septum, which grows upward from the lower part of the ventricle, its position being indicated on the surface of the heart by a furrow. Its dorsal part increases more rapidly than its ventral portion, and fuses with the dorsal part of the septum intermedium. For a time an interventricular foramen exists above its ventral portion, but this foramen is ultimately closed by the fusion of the aortic septum with the ventricular septum[WP] UBERON:0006283 UBERON:0010226 ZFA:0001719 early heart ventricle embryonic heart ventricle embryonic ventricle future heart ventricle presumptive cardiac ventricle heart tube primitive ventricle primitive ventricle of heart primordial cardiac ventricle primordial ventricle uberon early prosencephalic vesicle DHBA:10595 EHDAA2:0001571 EHDAA:1356 EMAPA:16521 TAO:0001259 The early development of most vertebrate brains is similar (...). The zebrafish neural tube follows the same basic differentiation pattern as the mammalian neural tube (reference 1); The brain develops from three embryonic enlargements of the neural tube, which later differentiate into five regions. A forebrain differentiates into telencephalon and diencephalon. The midbrain, or mesencephalon, remains undivided. The hindbrain divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Cavities within the brain enlarge to form a series of interconnected ventricles (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0006284 VHOG:0000644 ZFA:0001259 forebrain ventricle forebrain vesicle future brain vesicle that gives rise to telencephalic ventricle/lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle preevaginated forebrain vesicle prosencephalic ventricle prosencephalic vesicle uberon bodily fluid FMA:280556 GAID:266 Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. MESH:D001826 UBERON:0006314 body fluid fluid galen:BodyFluid uberon annulus fibrosus A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart). BTO:0003627 EMAPA:32670 FMA:76704 UBERON:0006444 anulus anulus fibrosus fibrocartilaginous ring fibrous ring uberon renal duct A tube in the kidney that collect and transport urine. TAO:0005289 UBERON:0006553 ZFA:0005289 in ZFA this is defined as part of mesonephros uberon obsolete urinary system structure 1 Obsoleted because this ontology discusses part-wise grouping classes UBERON:0006554 uberon excretory tube A tube that is part of a excretory system. UBERON:0006555 uberon lymphatic part of lymphoid system AAO:0010522 An organ system subdivision that is a network of vessels capable of removing accumulating protein and fluid from the interstitial space and returning it to the vascular space. In some species, this network is connected to the immune system via lymph nodes and lymphocyte-producing organs, with the whole being the lymphoid system. CALOHA:TS-2024 EFO:0000870 EMAPA:18248 FMA:7162 MA:0002961 MESH:D008208 Part of the circulatory system which consists of a series of vessels which collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seep through capillary walls and return it to the veins.[AAO] UBERON:0006558 VHOG:0001761 consider merging with lymph vasculature in FMA this is part of the cardiovascular system, but here we treat the CV system as a separate component of the circulatory system from the lymphatic system lymphatic system lymphatic tree system lymporeticular lymporeticular system uberon pharynx FBbt:00005380 MAT:0000049 MIAA:0000049 The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. UBERON:0006562 anterior part of foregut branchial currently this is an extremely generic class, encompassing both protostomes and deuterostomes. pharyngeal pharyngeal tube uberon presumptive endoderm AAO:0000471 EFO:0003437 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. TAO:0000416 UBERON:0006595 ZFA:0000416 uberon presumptive blood AAO:0000468 EFO:0003439 TAO:0000568 UBERON:0006596 ZFA:0000568 future blood uberon presumptive structure AAO:0000479 Consider merging with anlage Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. TAO:0001116 UBERON:0006598 ZFA:0001116 future structure presumptive structures uberon presumptive ectoderm AAO:0000470 EFO:0003466 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. TAO:0001376 UBERON:0006601 XAO:0004132 ZFA:0001376 presumptive epidermis uberon presumptive mesoderm AAO:0000476 EFO:0003467 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. TAO:0001377 UBERON:0006603 ZFA:0001377 uberon interphalangeal joint 2 2 A joint that connects one phalanx to another along a proximodistal axis. FMA:42765 Hinge joints between the phalanges of the hand or foot[ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint]. UBERON:0006658 galen:InterphalangealJoint inter-phalangeal joint inter-phalanx joint uberon mesopodium region Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus) UBERON:0006716 carpus/tarsus mesopod mesopodial limb segment mesopodial segment uberon autopodial skeleton Distal section of the limb skeleton, consisting of the anterior autopodium or posterior autopodium.[VSAO] Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region. UBERON:0006717 VSAO:0005019 autopod skeleton autopodial skeleton autopodium skeletal parts of autopod skeleton of autopod uberon median lingual swelling During the third week of embryological development there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. The site of their meeting remains post-embryonically as the median sulcus of the tongue. The tuberculum impar is said to form the central part of the tongue immediately in front of the foramen cecum, but Hammar insists that it is purely a transitory structure and forms no part of the adult tongue[WP, Gray's]. EHDAA2:0001081 EMAPA:17187 FMA:312476 Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG] The thyroid initially develops caudal to the tuberculum impar . This embryonic swelling arises from the first pharyngeal arch and occurs midline on the floor of the developing pharynx, eventually helping form the tongue as the 2 lateral lingual swellings overgrow it. [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/845125-overview] UBERON:0006756 VHOG:0000730 median lingual swelling median tongue bud tuberculum impar tuberculum linguale mediale uberon lateral lingual swelling During the third week there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch, a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar, which was described by His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue. More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings (or distal tongue bud) which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. EHDAA2:0000911 EMAPA:17189 FMA:313628 Most adult amphibians have a tongue, as do all known reptiles, birds and mammals. Thus it is likely that the tongue appeared with the establishment of tetrapods and this structure seems to be related, to some extant, to the terrestrial lifestyle.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0006757 VHOG:0000731 lateral lingual prominence lateral swellings paired tuberculum laterale tuberculum linguale laterale uberon glandular epithelium An epithelium that is composed primarily of secretory cells. BTO:0002991 UBERON:0006799 UMLS:C0682578 UMLS:C1708242 consider splitting epithelium from epithelial tissue uberon surface groove A furrow or an incomplete tube. AEO:0000161 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003161 UBERON:0006846 groove uberon adrenal/interrenal gland All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues, but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG] This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO] UBERON:0006858 VHOG:0001141 adrenal - interrenal gland adrenal gland - interrenal gland adrenal gland/interrenal tissue keep this grouping class so long as it is required for GO suprarenal gland - interrenal gland uberon terminal part of digestive tract FBbt:00005756 The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus. UBERON:0006866 WBbt:0005773 rectal part of digestive tract rectum terminal section of digestive tract this class is the superclass of 'rectum', which is currently reserved for the vertebrate structure. May be merged in future. uberon footplate EHDAA2 does not have a single class for footplate, but includes epithelium, mesenchyme and AER EHDAA:5143 EHDAA:6096 EMAPA:17249 FMA:296800 UBERON:0004343 UBERON:0006871 UMLS:C1517291 distal part of hindlimb bud foot disk foot plate the distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pedal appendages (e.g. hand, foot, paw) uberon vasculature of organ A vasculature that is part of a organ. FMA:74612 UBERON:0006876 organ vasculature set of blood vessels of organ uberon head mesenchyme from mesoderm A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. AAO:0011051 EFO:0003337 EFO:0003603 EHDAA2:0001118 EHDAA:655 EMAPA:16099 EMAPA_RETIRED:16270 FMA:293859 TAO:0000998 UBERON:0006904 VHOG:0000185 XAO:0000053 ZFA:0000998 cranial mesoderm head mesenchyme derived from mesoderm head mesenchyme from head mesoderm head mesenchyme from mesoderm head mesoderm merged in 'head mesoderm' from XAO/AAO and EFO here. Partially implements https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-neural-crest NC meeting scheme mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm mesenchyme from head mesoderm uberon lumen of digestive tract An anatomical space that surrounded_by a digestive tract. BTO:0000349 EMAPA:32908 FMA:45677 UBERON:0006909 digestive tract lumen gut cavity gut lumen lumen of alimentary tract lumen of digestive tract lumen of gut uberon squamous epithelium An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells. BTO:0002072 FBbt:00007028 (squamous epithelium) A type of epithelium that is made up of flattened cells which are arranged with their long axes in the plane of the epithelium UBERON:0006914 UMLS:C0221909 uberon stomach glandular epithelium A glandular epithelium that lines the stomach. The stomach's glandular epithelium is characterized by the presence of gastric glands. EMAPA:17623 EMAPA:35814 FMA:63458 MA:0002784 UBERON:0006924 epithelium of gastric gland gastric gland epithelium uberon we follow Kardong in treating the glandular epithelium as a distinct entity, and thus as an epithelium which has glands; FMA has 'epithelium of gastric gland', which is part of the gastric gland. digestive gland A gland, such as the liver or pancreas, that secretes into the alimentary canal substances necessary for digestion. AAO:0000130 BTO:0000345 UBERON:0006925 digestive system gland uberon glandular columnar epithelium FMA:64800 Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.[FMA] UBERON:0006929 UMLS:C0225337 uberon stomach glandular region mucosa EMAPA:27167 MA:0001614 UBERON:0006931 stomach glandular region glandular mucous membrane stomach mucosa that is lined with glandular epithelium and part of a stomach glandular region. uberon uterine epithelium An epithelium that is part of a uterus. BTO:0003082 UBERON:0006955 uberon uterus epithelium vascular cord EFO:0003709 TAO:0005077 The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. UBERON:0006965 ZFA:0005077 uberon anatomical surface A two dimensional anatomical structure that is the boundary between an anatomical structure and an anatomical substance, an anatomical space or the organism's environment. Examples include the surface of your skin, the surface of the lining of your gut; the surface of the endothelium of you aorta that is in contact with blood.n AAO:0010270 BILA:0000010 CARO:0001002 EHDAA2:0003192 FMA:24137 ID:0000000 Old definition: 'Non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions, that is demarcated by anatomical lines or points on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures.' Note, in the new definition, the space referred to is not necessarily an anatomical space. It may be the outside of an organism. UBERON:0006984 UMLS:C1515977 ZFA:0005594 uberon cardiac mesoderm AAO:0011021 BILA:0000051 EFO:0000315 EHDAA2:0000214 EHDAA:385 FMA:293143 The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. UBERON:0007005 VHOG:0001641 XAO:0000235 cardiogenic mesoderm cardiogenic region consider FBbt:00005541 ! cardiogenic mesoderm heart primordia review EHDAA2 placement uberon cleaving embryo BILA:0000058 Organism at the cleavage stage. UBERON:0007010 uberon presumptive gut BILA:0000084 The endodermal cells generate only the lining of the digestive tube and its glands; mesodermal mesenchyme cells will surround this tube to provide the muscles for peristalsis UBERON:0007026 UMLS:C1514442 embryonic digestive tube future digestive tract future digestive tube future gut primitive gut primordial digestive tube primordial gut uberon primary circulatory organ A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. FBbt:00003154 Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata SPD:0000130 TADS:0000147 UBERON:0007100 adult heart dorsal tube heart note we reserve the subclass 'heart' from the vertebrate multi-chambered heart. 'The first heart-like organ is believed to have appeared 500my ago in an ancestral bilaterian'. Amniotes: four-chambered heart. Amphibians: two atria, one ventricle, pulmonary; fish: single atrium and ventricle; amphioxus: tubular, non-striated, closed, unidirectional; ascidians: tubular, striated, open, bidirectional; arthropods: tubular, open; C elegans: contractile pharynx; Cnideria: striated muscle cells associated with gastrodermis uberon pharyngeal pouch 2 2nd arch branchial pouch 2nd arch branchial pouch endoderm 2nd arch pouch endoderm 2nd branchial pouch 2nd pharyngeal pouch endoderm A conserved feature of all vertebrate embryos is the presence of a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head, the pharyngeal arches; it is within these structures that the nerves, muscles and skeletal components of the pharyngeal apparatus are laid down. The pharyngeal arches are separated by endodermal outpocketings, the pharyngeal pouches.[well established][VHOG] A pharyngeal puch that is between the pharyngeal arches 2 and 3. A pouch that is situated between the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch. [ISBN10:0124020607][VHOG] AAO:0011115 Contributes to the middle ear, epithelial lining of Crypts (spaces) of the palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve EFO:0003633 EHDAA2:0000058 EMAPA:16275 EMAPA:16276 FMA:295676 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000060 Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.[AAO] TAO:0001130 UBERON:0005715 UBERON:0007123 UMLS:C0231069 VHOG:0000561 VHOG:0000967 XAO:0000247 ZFA:0001130 pharyngeal pouches 2 second arch pharyngeal pouch second pharyngeal pouch second visceral pouch the dorsal elongation of the second pouch endoderm of all mammals, with the exception of rodents, gives rise to the epithelial lining of palatine tonsils; in rodents, the ventral portion of the second pouch appears to degenerate whereas the remaining part is incorporated into the lateral border of the pharynx; it appears that rodents no longer require tonsils as their function is carried out by the NALT (Nose/Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) system in the upper respiratory tract. uberon visceral pouch 2 neural keel An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] EFO:0003497 TAO:0000131 UBERON:0007135 ZFA:0000131 presumptive central nervous system uberon tracheobronchial tree FMA:7393 The structure from the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that forms the airways that supply air to the lungs. The lining of the tracheobronchial tree consists of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. UBERON:0004102 UBERON:0007196 arbor tracheobronchialis tracheobronchial system uberon mesenchyme derived from head neural crest EFO:0003572 EHDAA2:0000735 EMAPA:16169 EMAPA:16271 EMAPA_RETIRED:16271 Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. TAO:0000787 UBERON:0007213 ZFA:0000787 head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest head mesenchyme from neural crest head neural crest derived mesenchyme uberon neonate stage BTO:0001762 EV:0300037 HsapDv:0000082 MmusDv:0000096 NIF_Organism:birnlex_695 OGES:000025 Of or pertaining to the period of time immediately following birth, or to the newborn. UBERON:0007221 consider splitting infant/newborn fledgling stage hatchling hatchling stage infant stage neonatal stage nestling stage newborn stage pouch stage puggle puggle stage uberon 1st arch mandibular component EHDAA2:0000031 EHDAA:583 EMAPA:16382 Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0007237 VHOG:0000510 relationship to Meckel's cartilage to be added uberon ventral mandibular arch ventral pharyngeal arch 1 ventral visceral arch 1 pelvic appendage skeleton The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region. UBERON:0007273 uberon presumptive hindbrain BAMS:HB CALOHA:TS-2118 EFO:0003440 EHDAA2:0001630 FMA:295640 TAO:0000569 TODO - unify naming conventions The embryonic rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. Rhombomeres Rh7-Rh4 form the myelencephalon that will give the medulla oblongata. Rhombomeres Rh3-Rh1 form the metencephalon that will form the pons and the cerebellum[NPX:PDR]. The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates. The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomeres. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral: Rh7-Rh1 and the isthmus (the most rostral rhombomere). A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, 'rhombencephalosynapsis' is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia. The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. UBERON:0007277 ZFA:0000569 embryonic rhombencephalon future hindbrain presumptive rhombencephalon rhombencephalon uberon presumptive endocardium A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a endocardium. Portion of tissue that is part of the heart tube and will become the endocardium.[TAO] TAO:0002233 UBERON:0007280 ZFA:0001724 uberon presumptive midbrain hindbrain boundary EFO:0003446 Embryonic structure that gives rise to the midbrain hindbrain boundary. TAO:0001187 UBERON:0007281 XAO:0004086 ZFA:0001187 presumptive MHB presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary uberon presumptive segmental plate A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. EFO:0003421 TAO:0000053 UBERON:0007282 ZFA:0000053 presumptive segmental plates uberon presumptive neural plate A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. EFO:0003424 Region of the gastrula which gives rise to the neural plate.[TAO] TAO:0000063 UBERON:0007284 ZFA:0000063 consider merging prospective neuroectoderm prospective vegetal ectoderm uberon presumptive paraxial mesoderm A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. EFO:0003443 TAO:0000591 UBERON:0007285 XAO:0004134 ZFA:0000591 future paraxial mesoderm uberon presumptive pronephric mesoderm A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a pronephric mesoderm. EFO:0003619 TAO:0001070 UBERON:0007297 ZFA:0001070 nephron primordium uberon pancreatic lobule A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. FMA:16012 In mice many lobules lack islets, in contrast to other mammals including humans MA:0000721 TODO - check UBERON:0007324 lobulus pancreaticus pancreas lobe pancreatic lobule uberon pancreatic duct A duct that is part of the pancreas and connected to the duodenum. Duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine. [Dorian_AF, Elsevier's_encyclopaedic_dictionary_of_medicine, Part_B:_Anatomy_(1988)_Amsterdam_etc.:_Elsevier][VHOG] EHDAA:9194 EMAPA:32952 FMA:10419 MA:0000124 TAO:0001372 These data show that ducts within the zebrafish pancreas originally arise in situ from isolated progenitor cells rather than arising from reiterative branching of the pancreatic epithelium. This process of pancreatic duct formation in zebrafish may be analogous to the mechanism of duct formation in the mammalian mammary and salivary glands. (...) A related mechanism of duct formation has also been proposed to occur within the mammalian pancreatic epithelium.[uncertain][VHOG] UBERON:0007329 VHOG:0000254 ZFA:0001372 duct of pancreas ductus pancreaticus in EHDAA2, the dorsal and ventral ducts are classified as epithelial sacs - review after overhaul of duct/epithelia terms pancreas duct this class groups together accessory (dorsal) and main (ventral) pancreatic ducts uberon outer epithelium BSA:0000073 BTO:0000313 FBbt:00004993 HAO:0000298 TADS:0000109 The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. UBERON:0007376 WBbt:0005733 epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) hypoderm hypodermis outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer this grouping class exists primarily to align with GO - see GO:0008544. uberon stratum compactum AAO:0010600 Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. Le Guellec et al, 2004.[TAO] TAO:0001182 UBERON:0007377 ZFA:0001182 connective tissue in the skin is usually diffuse and irregular, although in some species collagen bundles are arranged in a distinct ordered layer in the dermis dermal deep region relationship loss: develops_from collagenous dermal stroma (TAO:0001186)[TAO] uberon enveloping layer of ectoderm EFO:0003425 EVL Originally this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm. Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Sometimes used synonymously with periderm. Kimmel et al, 1995.[TAO] TAO:0000086 UBERON:0007383 ZFA:0000086 enveloping layer relationship loss: develops_from superficial blastomere (TAO:0001484)[TAO] uberon epithelial sac AEO:0000115 An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. EHDAA2:0003115 UBERON:0007499 uberon epithelial tube open at both ends AEO_RETIRED:0000116 An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003116 UBERON:0007500 uberon epithelial vesicle A closed epithelium with a lumen. AEO:0000119 EHDAA2:0003119 EHDAA2:0003119 UBERON:0007503 uberon dense mesenchyme tissue AEO:0000146 EHDAA2:0003146 EHDAA2:0003146 Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. UBERON:0007524 uberon migrating mesenchyme population AEO:0000152 EHDAA2:0003152 EHDAA2:0003152 Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. UBERON:0007530 this class will be an important part of the NC reorganization uberon ciliated columnar oviduct epithelium A ciliated columnar epithelium that is part of a oviduct. FMA:62016 MA:0001719 UBERON:0007589 epithelium of uterine tube in FMA, epithelium of uterine tube is a subclass of ciliated columnar epithelium. MA introduces subtypes: ciliated columnar and cuboidal. We map the FMA type according to its relationships, not its label uberon uterine tube epithelium ciliated columnar epithelium Ciliated columnar epithelium in the pulmonary system is interspersed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to form a mucosal layer apical to the epithelial layer. The rowing-like action of epithelial cilia work in tandem with goblet cells to propel mucus away from the lungs, preventing particulate matter from causing infection[http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/berndcv/lab/epithelialinfoweb/ciliated%20columnar%20epithelium.html] FMA:64798 In humans, Ciliated columnar epithelial cells are found mainly in the tracheal and bronchial regions of the pulmonary system and also in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive system Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA] UBERON:0007592 uberon ciliated epithelium Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. UBERON:0007601 uberon layer of synovial tissue A thin, loose vascular connective tissue that makes up the membranes surrounding joints and the sheaths protecting tendons (particularly flexor tendons in the hands and feet) where they pass over bony prominences. Synovial tissue contains synovial cells, which secrete a viscous liquid called synovial fluid; this liquid contains protein and hyaluronic acid and serves as a lubricant and nutrient for the joint cartilage surfaces[BTO]. Synovial tissue can be found in tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone), bursae (fluid-filled, cushioning sacs found in spaces between tendons, ligaments, and bones), and the cavity (hollow enclosed area) that separates the bones of a freely movable joint, such as the knee or elbow[BTO]. BTO:0001338 CALOHA:TS-0998 FMA:66762 UBERON:0007616 stratum synoviale synovial layer synovial membrane synovial tissue synovium uberon synovial cavity of joint An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a synovial joint. FMA:11356 UBERON:0007617 articular cavity (synovial joint) cavitas articularis (junctura synovialis) cavity of synovial joint joint cavity synovial cavity uberon pigment epithelium of eye GAID:907 MESH:D010857 UBERON:0007625 epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. eye pigment epithelium uberon future meninx A developing mesenchymal capsule that covers the developing brain and spinal cord and is the precursor of the meningeal cluster. In mammals this gives rise to the arachnoid mater, pia mater and dura mater. In cyclostomes and fishes, the future meninx gives rise to a single meningeal layer, the primitive meninx. EHDAA2:0004453 UBERON:0004065 UBERON:0007645 decide whether to treat the endo and ecto meninx as subtypes or parts of the future meninx meninx primitiva primary meninx primitive meninx primordial meninx the outermost mesenchymal covering of the developing brain and spinal cord that is composed of tough fibrous connective tissue from which the arachnoid mater, pia mater and dura mater are formed[MP:0009726]d uberon anatomical junction 2 An anatomical structure that connects two structures FMA:5898 UBERON:0007651 anatomical junction junction uberon uriniferous tubule FMA:17691 UBERON:0007684 functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consisting of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule. uberon kidney field UBERON:0007687 kidney anlage region of the embryo into the area in which the kidney rudiment will develop. uberon anlage AEO:0000170 Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. EFO:0001649 EHDAA2:0003170 FBbt:00005426 UBERON:0007688 developmental field field future organ organ field uberon thyroid diverticulum UBERON:0007689 diverticulum thyroideum endodermal bud derived from the endodermal epithelium of the embryonic pharyngeal floor[MP]. The thyroid diverticulum is the embryological structure from which thyroid follicular cells derive. It grows from the floor of the pharnyx[WP]. saccus thyroideus uberon early pharyngeal endoderm . EFO:0003626 EHDAA2:0001457 EHDAA:962 EMAPA:32754 FMA:293087 TAO:0001104 UBERON:0007690 ZFA:0001104 early pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal arch endoderm pharyngeal endoderm pharyngeal region endoderm relation conflict: ZFA vs EHDAA2. Note EHDAA2 term renamed to 'early PA endoderm' uberon transduate Body substance in liquid state, which is derived from plasma by passage through the (intact) wall of capillaries without further processing by secretory cells or glands. FMA:12276 GAID:1195 MESH:D005122 UBERON:0007779 ncithesaurus:Transudate transudative uberon serous fluid Any fluid produced by a serous gland. FMA:20932 UBERON:0007794 serous gland fluid the FMA def is Transudate contained in a serous sac uberon vascular system Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. BTO:0001085 CALOHA:TS-2053 EHDAA2:0004520 EMAPA:35905 Gefaesssystem@ge MA:0002718 The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, collectively[ncithesaurus:Vascular_System]. UBERON:0007798 UMLS:C0489903 consider merging with vasculature in both MA and BTO, the arterial system and venous sytem are subtypes of the vascular system uberon craniocervical region CALOHA:TS-2356 EV:0100009 FMA:280881 MA:0000006 The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. UBERON:0007811 UMLS:C0460004 WikipediaCategory:Head_and_neck cephalic area cephalic part of animal cephalic region galen:HeadAndNeck head and neck head or neck uberon appendage girdle region An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). There are only two instances of appendage girdle regions per organism.[VSAO] FMA:24874 UBERON:0007823 UBERON:0007824 VSAO:0000303 fin girdle fin girdle region girdle girdle region limb girdle limb girdle region this encompasses non-skeletal tissue uberon pelvic girdle skeleton AAO:0000426 AAO:0000768 Anatomical cluster by which the hind limbs are supported and attached to the vertebral column.[AAO] Anatomical cluster that consists of the paired basipterygia which support the pelvic fin.[TAO] EFO:0000947 EHDAA2:0001426 EHDAA:7149 EHDAA:8324 EMAPA:18028 FMA:87592 Girdle skeleton consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb/fin skeleton and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb/fin and caudal musculature.[VSAO] MAT:0000182 MIAA:0000182 Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature. TAO:0000565 The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0007832 VHOG:0000305 VSAO:0000155 XAO:0003064 ZFA:0000565 galen:PelvicGirdle need to resolve whether this is a paired structure or a single belt (Paired in FMA - implicitly paired in VSAO) pelvic girdle pelvic girdle skeleton skeletal parts of pelvic girdle skeleton of pelvic girdle uberon cartilage element AAO:0011130 CALOHA:TS-0118 EMAPA:32730 FMA:55107 Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient. TAO still mixes tissue and element UBERON:0007844 VSAO:0000000 XAO:0004013 ZFA:0001501 cartilage cartilage organ cartilaginous element chondrogenic element uberon regular connective tissue Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular connective tissue. FMA:20103 UBERON:0007845 the connective tissue hierarchy largely follows FMA with definitions from VSAO. Note that in FMA, loose-CT is irregular-CT. This means regular-CT is necessarily equivalent to dense-regular-CT (assuming a JEPD classification). uberon dense regular connective tissue Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts). Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibres organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).[VSAO] FMA:64781 Regular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of collagen fiber bundles arranged in parallel arrays.[FMA] UBERON:0007846 UMLS:C0225333 VSAO:0000050 XAO:0004030 dense fibrous connective tissue dense regular collagenous connective tissue dense regular collagenous tissue regular dense connective tissue typus regularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) uberon heart endothelium An endothelium that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. BTO:0004293 UBERON:0008307 cardiac endothelium this class includes any endothelia that are part of the heart. This might include the endocardial epithelia, as well as endothelia of vessels that are considered strictly part of the heart (e.g. outflow tract). As a grouping class, this may lack utility, and pending review this class may be obsoleted. For annotation consider a more specific class. uberon inner cell mass derived epiblast An embryonic structure that is derived from the inner cell mass and lies above the hypoblast and gives rise to the three primary germ layers EHDAA2:0000444 EHDAA:42 EHDAA:75 EMAPA:16050 The epiblast cells (appearing on day 8 of human embryonic development) make up a columnar epithelium with dense microvilli on the apical surface. During gastrulation, the epiblast cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and delaminate to become the loose mesenchyme of the primitive streak. The epiblast is present in postimplantation mouse embryos between E5.5-E7.5. UBERON:0008780 UMLS:C1516906 embryonic epiblast uberon lower limb segment A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb. FMA:24877 UBERON:0008784 free lower limb segment free lower limb subdivision segment of free lower limb subdivision of free lower limb uberon parotid gland primordium EHDAA2:0001413 EHDAA:9246 UBERON:0008801 uberon pharyngeal arch system A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. Currently defined in a vertebrate specific manner. The arch system has origins in basal deuterostomes, consider generalizing EHDAA2:0000187 FMA:293041 UBERON:0008814 UMLS:C1519038 pharyngeal apparatus pharyngeal arch region pharyngeal arches and clefts pharyngeal system uberon embryonic head A head that is part of a embryo. CALOHA:TS-0246 FBbt:00000155 FMA:293011 UBERON:0008816 uberon hepatic diverticulum AAO:0011057 An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. EHDAA2:0000740 EHDAA:1530 The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut. UBERON:0008835 UMLS:C1512407 XAO:0000101 diverticulum hepaticum in mice, the hepatic diverticulum forms by E9 and expands into an obvious liver bud by E10 liver diverticulum uberon liver bud BTO:0001642 UBERON:0008836 uberon pyloric canal FMA:14580 The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter UBERON:0008858 canalis pyloricus canalis pyloricus uberon pyloric gastric gland EMAPA:27211 FMA:14922 The gastric glands in the pyloric region of the stomach; the pyloric glands secrete mucin, which coats the stomach and protects it, and hormones such as gastrin and enkephalin[MP]. UBERON:0008861 UMLS:C0227239 check relationship to pylorus vs antrum glandula pylorica pyloric antrum gland pyloric gland pyloric mucuous gland uberon splanchnocranium AAO:0010157 Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.[TAO] Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and consists of the jaws, hyoid, and branchial arches.[AAO] Subdivision of endoskeleton derived from pharyngeal arches TAO:0001216 The part of the skull derived from the embryonic pharyngeal arches. [Biology_Online][VHOG] The skull of ancestral tetrapods has the three basic components that we have been considering: (1) chondrocranium, (2) splanchnocranium, and (3) dermatocranium (reference 1); Each part of the skull arises from a separate phylogenetic source. The most ancient part is the splanchnocranium (visceral cranium), which first arose to support pharyngeal slits in protochordates (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0008895 VHOG:0000315 VSAO labels this term 'pharyngeal arch' (2012-06-01) - however, it clearly means pharyngeal arch skeleton. VSAO:0000149 XAO:0003176 ZFA:0001216 branchial arch skeleton gill arch skeleton many sources define this as the part of the endoskeletal that is from pharyngeal arches - this would make it part-disjoint from dermatocranium. However, there are many bones in AOs that have part-paths to both pharyngeal arch pharyngeal arch skeleton pharyngeal endoskeleton pharyngeal skeleton uberon visceral cranium visceral skeletal system visceral skeleton viscerocranium fin AAO:0010374 AEO:0001004 An external projection of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body[BTO]. BTO:0004649 EFO:0000875 MAT:0000087 MESH:D058500 MIAA:0000087 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjcBZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA Surface structure involved in locomotion.[TAO] Surface structure involved in locomotion.[VSAO] TAO:0000108 This class groups together various structures that may have arisen through convergent evolution, including, for example, the dorsal fin of a cetacean UBERON:0008897 VSAO:0000099 XAO:0000002 ZFA:0000108 fins uberon lung parenchyma A parenchyma that is part of a lung. EMAPA:35522 FMA:27360 MA:0003168 UBERON:0008946 parenchyma of lung pulmonary parenchyma respiratory portion of lung uberon respiratory primordium EHDAA2:0004069 UBERON:0008947 UMLS:C1514898 uberon renal parenchyma BTO:0003604 FMA:15574 The functional tissue of the kidney, consisting of the nephrons. UBERON:0008987 kidney parenchyma parenchyma of kidney uberon stomach region An organ part that is part of a stomach. EMAPA:35821 MA:0002561 UBERON:0009034 uberon indifferent gonad A gonad prior to differentiating into a definitive testis or ovary. EHDAA2:0000716 UBERON:0009117 UMLS:C1512703 gonad rudiment typically part of the embryo - however, in male tammar wallabies the gonads are indifferent at the neonatal stage[8827321] uberon pleuroperitoneal membrane A fold of tissue which extends into the peritoneal cavity of the developing embryo and participates in the separation of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. EHDAA2:0001483 EMAPA:17709 In hagfishes a transverse septum extends upward from the ventral body wall posterior to the heart, partly separating an anterior pericardial cavity from a larger peritoneal cavity. (...) These basic relationships have not been modified by urodeles. The small pericardial cavity remains far forward where it is separated by a transverse septum from the principal coelom, which may now be called a pleuroperitoneal cavity because slender lungs are present. (...) The heart [of other tetrapods] is separated from the lungs (and liver if present) by more or less horizontal partitions that have their origin in the embryo as folds on the serous membrane of the right and left lateral body walls. These grow out to join in the midline of the body. They are called lateral mesocardia (birds) or pleuropericardial membranes. Posteriorly they join the transverse septum to form the adult pericardial membrane, or pericardium. (...) In their partitioning of their coelom, embryonic mammals resemble first early fishes (incomplete partition, posterior to heart, consisting of the transverse septum) and then reptiles (pericardium derived from transverse septum and pleuropericardial membranes). Mammals then separate paired pleural cavities from the peritoneal cavity by a diaphragm. The ventral portion of this organ comes from the transverse septum. The dorsal portion is derived from the dorsal mesentery and from still another pair of outgrowths from the lateral body wall, the pleuroperitoneal membranes.[well established][VHOG] UBERON:0009133 UBERON:0009146 UMLS:C1283968 VHOG:0000757 pleuroperitoneal fold pleuroperitoneal membranes uberon craniocervical region vein A vein that is part of a craniocervical region. EHDAA2:0004542 UBERON:0009141 craniocervical vein head and neck veins uberon vein of head and neck entire embryonic mesenchyme EHDAA2:0001113 EHDAA:177 EMAPA:16097 Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. UBERON:0003313 UBERON:0009142 consider adding new class (EMAPA:16097) for mesenchyme of embryo (some mesenchyme is extraembryonic - e.g. amnion mesoderm) uberon pharyngeal region of foregut EMAPA:16549 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001454 UBERON:0009145 pharyngeal region uberon indifferent external genitalia EHDAA2:0004021 UBERON:0009196 uberon nephric duct A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO]. EMAPA:28425 EMAPA:28429 UBERON:0009201 pronephric duct or mesonephric duct uberon epithelium of foregut-midgut junction An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000573 EMAPA:16564 UBERON:0009497 uberon anal membrane endodermal component An endoderm that is part of a anal region. EHDAA2:0004020 EMAPA:17177 UBERON:0009521 uberon endoderm of foregut-midgut junction An endoderm that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000572 EMAPA:18403 UBERON:0009550 uberon distal segment of digit A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the distal interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium). Newborn and adult mice are able to regrow forelimb (finger) and hindlimb (toe) digit tips after their amputation through the distal interphalangeal joint. Regeneration of the digit tip involves the integrated regrowth of multiple tissues within 2-3 months, reaching an external morphology that is cosmetically and functionally similar to normal digits. Most importantly, regeneration of the mouse distal digit shares morphological similarities with clinical cases documenting regrowth of missing distal portions of fingers in both children and adults UBERON:0009551 digit tip distal digit segment tip of digit uberon distal limb integumentary appendage A nail, hoof or claw. MESH:D006724 UBERON:0009564 hoof or claw hoof, claw or nail keratin plate keratin sheath uberon unguis subdivision of trunk FMA:25054 UBERON:0009569 region of trunk trunk subdivision uberon midbrain mantle layer EHDAA2:0001172 EMAPA:16977 UBERON:0009581 VHOG:0000910 mantle layer lateral wall mesencephalon mantle layer lateral wall midbrain midbrain lateral wall mantle layer uberon midbrain hindbrain boundary neural plate MHB neural plate TAO:0007044 TODO - developmental relationships for lines UBERON:0009615 ZFA:0007044 midbrain-hindbrain boundary neural plate uberon presumptive midbrain A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a midbrain. BAMS:MES EFO:0003432 EHDAA2:0000615 EMAPA:16140 EMAPA:16472 TAO:0000148 TODO - unify naming conventions UBERON:0009616 ZFA:0000148 early midbrain future midbrain mesencephalon presumptive mesencephalon uberon head paraxial mesoderm A major contributor to neurocranium [PMID:16313393] Bilateral mesenchymal mesoderm parallel and immediately adjacent to the neural tube/notochord; it generates a subset of extra-ocular, and other head, muscles. EHDAA2:0000736 EHDAA:364 EMAPA:16171 UBERON:0009617 cephalic paraxial mesenchyme cephalic paraxial mesoderm cranial paraxial mesenchyme cranial paraxial mesoderm head paraxial mesenchyme somitomere somitomeric mesoderm uberon trunk paraxial mesoderm EHDAA2:0002094 UBERON:0009618 trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme trunk paraxial mesenchyme uberon hindbrain nucleus Nucleus located within the hindbrain. TAO:0002177 UBERON:0009662 ZFA:0001658 uberon early telencephalic vesicle EFO:0003562 EHDAA2:0001981 EHDAA:1993 EHDAA:2671 EMAPA:16914 UBERON:0009676 early telencephalic ventricle early telencephalic vesicle uberon dorsal pancreas EHDAA2:0001371 UBERON:0009708 pancreatis dorsalis uberon ventral pancreas EHDAA2:0001393 UBERON:0009709 pancreatis ventralis uberon entire pharyngeal arch endoderm EHDAA2:0004621 EMAPA:32754 FMA:293087 UBERON:0009722 pharyngeal arch endoderm uberon limb mesenchyme EMAPA mapping from TH EMAPA:32705 The primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing limbs, autopods and digits, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to limb connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with myotome cells. UBERON:0009749 limb mesoderm uberon cardiac mesenchyme EHDAA2:0004162 EMAPA:36438 The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures UBERON:0009751 decide whether to merge with cardiac mesoderm. In EHDAA2 this lasts CS12->unbounded, includes mesenchyme of individual components as parts heart mesenchyme uberon distal interphalangeal joint An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a distal phalanx to either a medial or proximal phalanx. DIJ joint DIP joint FMA:65024 UBERON:0009768 uberon renal tubule A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. UBERON:0009773 renal tubule (generic) this class groups vertebrate nephron tubules with analagous structures such as insect Malpighian tubules tubule of excretory system uberon pleural sac A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts. EHDAA2:0004737 FMA:9690 UBERON:0009778 despite its name the class EHDAA2:0004737 is not a true cavity, it corresponds to what we call the sac uberon glandular acinus FMA:55588 The many-lobed berry cluster of cells that is the terminous of a gland where the secretion is produced is acinar in form. UBERON:0009842 acinar acini acinus uberon urogenital sinus mesenchyme Androgen receptor (AR) activation releases instructive signals from UGM that acts on UGS epithelium (UGE) to stimulate cell proliferation, form prostate ductal progenitors (prostatic buds), and regulate cell adhesion dynamics to permit prostatic bud outgrowth EMAPA:31500 EMAPA:31519 Mesenchyme that surrounds primitive urogenital sinus. UBERON:0009845 UGM uberon embryonic cloacal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca. EHDAA2:0004585 UBERON:0009846 cloacal epithelium uberon prostate field A specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium into the area in which the prostate gland will develop. UBERON:0009847 prostate primordium uberon digestive tract diverticulum Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. FBbt:00100316 UBERON:0009854 diverticulum of gut intestinal pouch uberon sac UBERON:0009856 diverticulum galen:Diverticulum pouch uberon zone of stomach A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. FMA:14558 UBERON:0009870 We follow Kardong in defining stomach regions by gland, but we also include 'body of stomach'. In future we may want to have different partitions of the stomach gastric zone region of stomach section of stomach uberon metapodium region Intermediate segment of the autopod, between the mesopodial region and and acropodial region. Examples: metacarpal region, metatarsal region Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group UBERON:0009877 cannon region considering adding 'acropodial region' equine cannon region metacarpal or metatarsal part of limb metacarpus/metatarsus metacarpus/metatarsus region metapodial segment metapodium uberon mesopodial skeleton Limb skeleton subdivision consisting of endochondral bones increasing the freedom of movement of the autopodia, and located between zeugopodia and autopodia.[VSAO] The collection of all skeletal elements in a mesopodium. Examples: the tarsal skeleton, the carpal skeleton UBERON:0009878 VSAO:0005022 basipodium basipodium skeleton carpal/tarsal skeleton mesopodial skeleton mesopodium mesopodium skeleton relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: distally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] skeletal parts of mesopodium uberon anterior lateral plate mesoderm ALPM EFO:0003704 TAO:0005041 UBERON:0009881 ZFA:0005041 uberon secondary heart field A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract). In general, the two studies in chick concluded that the contribution of the SHF was to the outflow tract, whereas the mouse work suggested that the second lineage contributed more broadly to the heart, including the outflow tract and much or all of the right ventricle [11-14]. These different conclusions may represent differences in the experimental approaches used or may represent bona fide differences in the contribution of the second lineage to the hearts of birds compared to mammals [11]. Alternatively, the secondary/anterior heart fields described in the chick may represent a subset of a broader field that makes a more substantial contribution to the heart, as the mouse studies suggested SHF UBERON:0009889 XAO:0004186 anterior heart field anterior/second heart field extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract[PMID:17276708]. in mouse has left ventricular identity[PMID:22855565] second heart field uberon facial mesenchyme EMAPA:35337 FMA:302884 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. UBERON:0009891 face mesenchyme mesenchyme of face uberon lobule FMA:45737 UBERON:0009911 UMLS:C0921005 lobulus todo - provide definition. Clearly distinguish between lobules, lobes and acinar parts of glands (see for example lobule of mammary gland) uberon optic neural crest EHDAA2:0001315 EHDAA:1122 UBERON:0009920 uberon neurogenic placode Cranial ectodermal placode with potential to develop into a component of the nervous system, such as nerves or ganglia. EFO:0003460 Includes: trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes. TAO:0001309 UBERON:0009955 While some sensory placodes (otic and olfactory) may have homologues in basal chordates (Wada et al., 1998), the so-called neurogenenic placodes (trigeminal, otic, lateral line and epibranchial placodes) appear to have emerged at a later time (Shimeld and Holland, 2000) XAO:0004620 ZFA:0001309 neurogenic placodes placodae neurogenicae uberon multicellular anatomical structure An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 FBbt:00100313 UBERON:0010000 multicellular structure uberon cell cluster organ A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function. CARO:0010001 Examples include arthropod sensilla. FBbt:00007229 UBERON:0010001 uberon food storage organ An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food BSA:0000123 TADS:0000172 TGMA:0001041 This is a very broad functionally defined grouping class that collects disparate structures from insects to vertebrates UBERON:0010039 uberon oral gland EHDAA2:0001327 EHDAA:2181 EMAPA:16572 EMAPA:16723 Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands. Note that Kardong classifies lacrimal glands here. EHDAA2 includes pituitary primordium, as this develops from oral mucosa UBERON:0003293 UBERON:0010047 VHOG:0000652 buccal gland gland of oral opening gland of oral region mouth gland oral cavity gland oral region gland uberon future tongue A compound organ that has the potential to develop into a tongue. EHDAA2:0000696 EHDAA:2951 UBERON:0010056 uberon open anatomical space AEO:0000221 An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior. EHDAA2:0004616 UBERON:0010064 uberon chromaffin system FMA:79645 MESH:D002838 Organ system subdivision that consists primarily of chromaffin cells and their supporting structures. UBERON:0010074 argentaffin system chromaffin tissue in adult cylostomes and teleosts, the interrenal bodies are separate from chromaffin bodies uberon future common hepatic duct An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. EHDAA2:0000595 UBERON:0010081 uberon future dermis EHDAA2:0000598 Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. UBERON:0010083 check development uberon future diaphragm A structure that will develop into a diaphragm. EHDAA2:0000599 UBERON:0010084 uberon future metencephalon A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a metencephalon. EHDAA2:0000623 UBERON:0010092 uberon future myelencephalon A developing anatomical structure that has the potential to develop into a myelencephalon. EHDAA2:0000640 UBERON:0010096 uberon autopod plate The distal elements of the developing limb of vertebrates that will give rise to the pedal appendages (e.g. manus, pes, paw) UBERON:0010130 limb plate uberon conducting tissue of heart Any portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of the conducting system of heart or the Purkinje fibers. EHDAA2:0004528 FMA:83378 UBERON:0010131 specialized conducting tissue of heart specialized muscle tissue of heart uberon male accessory sex gland Any gland, other than the gonad, associated with the genital tract, such as the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the bulbourethral, prostate and vesicular glands of the male. BTO:0004798 UBERON:0010147 male accessory gland uberon lumen of blood vessel An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a blood vessel. FMA:312610 UBERON:0010161 blood vessel lumen uberon protuberance A roughly circular bulge in a surface. AEO:0000205 EHDAA2:0003250 FMA:82506 UBERON:0010188 requires review uberon aortic system EHDAA2:0004512 UBERON:0010191 uberon future cardiac atrium FMA:71005 Multi-tissue structure that is part of the heart tube and will become the cardiac atrium. TAO:0002228 UBERON:0010227 ZFA:0001718 presumptive atrium heart tube primordial atrium primordial cardiac atrium uberon eyeball of camera-type eye FMA:12513 MIAA:0000283 See notes for camera-type eye The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. UBERON:0010230 VHOG:0001616 bulbus oculi eye eye globe eyeball globe uberon midbrain basal plate DHBA:12322 EFO:0003567 EHDAA2:0004375 Portion of tissue that is dorsolateral to the floor plate and part of the midbrain. TAO:0000761 UBERON:0010285 ZFA:0000761 basal plate midbrain basal plate midbrain region uberon midbrain neural tube Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain. TAO:0007039 UBERON:0010286 ZFA:0007039 uberon we follow ZFA in temporally dividing midbrain NT from presumptive midbrain, but in future this may be collapsed extraembryonic epithelium An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. UBERON:0010303 extra-embryonic epithelium uberon immature eye Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. Multi-tissue structure that consists of the structures that develop into the retina and lens.[TAO] TAO:0002201 UBERON:0010312 ZFA:0001678 future eye uberon neural crest-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0010313 uberon structure with developmental contribution from neural crest An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. Grouping term for query purposes UBERON:0010314 uberon germ layer / neural crest UBERON:0010316 uberon cranial skeletal system AAO:0000109 AAO:0000971 AAO:0010185 Bony structure that encases the central nervous system and the primary sense organs of sight, olfaction, hearing, and equilibrium.[AAO] Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. Skeletal system which is part of the skull, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.[TAO] TAO:0000737 UBERON:0010323 VSAO:0000049 XAO:0003075 ZFA:0000737 cranial skeleton cranium osteocranium that the cranial skeleton includes the pharyngeal arch skeleton. It is thus more inclusive that the cranium itself, and extends beyond the head in tetrapods. The AAO class called 'skull' belongs here, as it includes the whole splanchnocranium uberon we use 'cranial skeletal system', so that we can include the skull, which has joints/sutures as parts (recall, we follow FMA in distinguishing between the skeleton and skeletal system - only the latter includes joints) paired limb/fin bud mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a limb/fin bud. UBERON:0010329 uberon extraembryonic membrane mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a extraembryonic membrane. UBERON:0010333 uberon endochondral element A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. UBERON:0010363 VSAO:0000139 XAO:0004017 ZFA:0005620 endochondral replacement element https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-endochondral-elements-Design-Pattern uberon pulmonary lobule FMA:75739 The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa. UBERON:0010368 lobulus pulmonis uberon ecto-epithelium Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. FMA:69064 UBERON:0010371 ectoderm-derived epithelium uberon pancreas dorsal primordium EHDAA2:0001384 FMA:79793 UBERON:0010375 consider merging with dorsal pancreatic bud. Starts at CS12 in human (EHDAA2, embryology.ch 'bud anlagen') dorsal pancreas uberon pancreas ventral primordium EHDAA2:0001387 FMA:79794 Starts at CS14 in human (EHDAA2) or CS13-14 (embryology.ch 'bud anlagen') UBERON:0010376 uberon ventral pancreas mesenchyme from somatopleure EHDAA2:0001120 Mesenchyme that develops_from a somatopleure. UBERON:0010377 the way this class is defined also includes extraembryonic mesenchyme such as the amniotic mesenchyme; in future this may be restricted to embryonic derivatives uberon ocular surface region EMAPA:35336 MA:0002486 The integrated unit (of the eye) that consists of the conjunctiva, the corneal surface, and the ocular mucosal adnexa including the lid margins and the meibomian gland openings, the lacrimal glands and the lacrimal drainage system, all which are critical to maintain ocular surface integrity and provide protection from external antigens and pathogenic microorganisms. UBERON:0010409 eye surface eye surface region ocular surface uberon ciliary processes FMA:76551 The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. UBERON:0010427 ciliary process ciliary processes ciliary processes set processus ciliares processus ciliares set of ciliary processes uberon pseudostratified columnar epithelium A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. FMA:45572 Pseudostratified epithelia function in secretion or absorption. If a specimen looks stratified but has cilia, then it is a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, since stratified epithelia do not have cilia. UBERON:0010498 UMLS:C0836138 UMLS:C1514590 glandular in NCIT; we consider the two NCIT terms synonymous uberon pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. FMA:13146 UBERON:0010499 UMLS:C0506992 epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) uberon microcirculatory vessel A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. MESH:A07.231.432 TAO:0005251 UBERON:0010523 ZFA:0005251 microcirculatory vessels uberon primitive nephron An epithelial tube that is fated to become a nephron. EHDAA2 treats this as already having a tubular structure, but in the ZFA representation this is a cluster of cells UBERON:0010532 developing nephron future nephron presumptive nephron primitive nephron uberon nephron progenitor UBERON:0010536 uberon paired limb/fin segment An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin. UBERON:0010538 limb/fin segment uberon acropodial skeleton FMA:231315 The subdivision of the skeleton that consists of all the skeletal elements at the distalmost end of the autopodium - i.e. the bones of the digits or their cartilaginous precursors[VSAO,modified]. UBERON:0010543 VSAO:0005028 acropodial skeleton acropodium acropodium skeleton digital skeleton digits skeleton phalangeal skeleton set of phalanges skeletal parts of acropodial region skeletal parts of acropodium skeleton of digits uberon metapodial skeleton Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals.[VSAO] Subdivision of skeleton that corresponds to metapodium region, between acropodial skeleton and mesopdoial skeleton. UBERON:0010546 VSAO:0005025 metacarpal/metatarsal skeleton metapodial skeleton metapodium metapodium skeleton relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: distally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] skeletal parts of metapodium skeleton of metapodium uberon phalanx pre-cartilage condensation EMAPA:32720 UBERON:0010700 uberon phalanx cartilage element EMAPA:32721 UBERON:0010701 uberon digit mesenchyme EMAPA:32719 Mesenchyme of the digit region. UBERON:0010702 digital ray uberon appendage girdle complex 2012-04-23T10:46:51Z An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its accociated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Anatomical group that consists of the soft and skeletal tissues of the appendicular region of the body and the appendage proper.[VSAO] FMA:7182 It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] It is still called a complex when one of the two parts is missing (?) There are fossil fishes with only an outgrowth (no record of a girdle), including thelodonts (which have a suprabranchial fin) as well as some anaspids which have a distinctive 'paired fin' (with differing published assertions on whether it's homologous to a pec fin or pelvic fin or both or neither). There are many fishes and other vertebrates with only a girdle and no outgrowth.[VSAO] UBERON:0010707 VSAO:0000214 appendage complex appendage-girdle complex appendage/girdle complex girdle plus limb or fin haendel limb note that the FMA uses the term 'limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region) uberon pelvic complex Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendage and the pelvic girdle.[VSAO] Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pelvic appendicular skeleton and the pelvic girdle. FMA:7184 UBERON:0010709 VSAO:0000215 lower limb lower limb and pelvic girdle lower limb and pelvis note that the FMA uses the terms 'upper limb' and 'lower limb' to refer to the entire appendage complex (free limb plus girdle region). Note the MA class 'hindlimb' may also belong here pelvic appendage/girdle complex pelvic girdle plus pelvic limb or fin pelvic girdle plus posterior limb or fin uberon limb skeleton subdivision Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton. UBERON:0010712 VSAO:0005018 note the distinction between this and skeleton of limb uberon paired fin skeleton Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[TAO] Skeletal system that consists of the paired fins (pectoral or pelvic fins).[VSAO] TAO:0000027 The collection of all skeletal elements in a single paired fin. UBERON:0010713 VSAO:0000169 ZFA:0000027 uberon girdle skeleton AAO:0010686 Skeletal subdivision that is part of the appendage girdle region.[VSAO] The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. UBERON:0010719 VSAO:0000302 relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: part_of subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] relationship type change: subclass skeletal subdivision (VSAO:0000042) CHANGED TO: proximally_connected_to subdivision of skeleton (UBERON:0010912)[VSAO] skeleton of girdle uberon bone of appendage girdle complex A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). EMAPA:35494 MA:0000688 UBERON:0010740 bone of extended limb/fin region limb bone uberon meningeal cluster EHDAA2:0004661 EMAPA:32660 FMA:231572 In some primitive organisms, the meningeal cluster includes only the primitive meninx The collection of all meningeal layers that line a central nervous system. UBERON:0010743 cerebral meninges cluster of meninges meningeal meninges uberon subdivision of organism along appendicular axis A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg. FBbt:00007018 UBERON:0010758 appendage segment appendicular segment uberon limb cartilage element A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of cartilage tissue. UBERON:0010881 uberon limb bone pre-cartilage condensation A skeletal element that is part of a limb and composed of pre-cartilage tissue. UBERON:0010882 uberon subdivision of skeleton Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.[VSAO] FMA:23879 UBERON:0010912 VSAO:0000042 skeletal subdivision subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) uberon nonsynovial joint FMA:7491 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. UBERON:0011134 solid joint uberon axial skeletal system FMA:7483 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:0011137 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton uberon post-cranial axial skeletal system FMA:302077 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the post-cranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:0011138 axial skeletal system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/The-axial-skeleton uberon synovial limb joint Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb. FMA:258776 Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses. UBERON:0011139 synovial joint of free limb segment uberon upper urinary tract FMA:45658 Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. UBERON:0011143 galen:UpperUrinaryTract uberon facial skeleton EHDAA2:0002206 EHDAA:8361 EMAPA:18022 FMA:53673 MA:0000318 Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. UBERON:0011156 facial bone facial skeleton ossa facialia ossa faciei uberon viscerocranium primary subdivision of skull FMA:54964 The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton UBERON:0011158 skull subdivision subdivision of skull uberon primary subdivision of cranial skeletal system UBERON:0011159 uberon gastrointestinal sphincter A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system UBERON:0011185 UMLS:C1517464 uberon central nervous system cell part cluster A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. FMA:83143 UBERON:0011215 cell part cluster of neuraxis neuraxis layer uberon organ system subdivision A subdivision of an anatomical system. FBbt:00007330 FMA:67509 UBERON:0011216 uberon intra-ocular muscle AAO:0010038 EMAPA:18808 FMA:49150 Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi).[AAO] UBERON:0011222 intrinsic muscle of eyeball intrinsic ocular muscle uberon appendicular skeletal system FMA:7484 Skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints.[VSAO] Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. UBERON:0011249 VHOG:0001666 VSAO:0000306 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Appendages-and-the-appendicular-skeleton uberon autopod bone A bone that is part of a autopod region. Note that this incudes the carpal and tarsal bones. UBERON:0011250 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Skeleton-partonomy-Design-Pattern uberon embryonic skin basal layer EHDAA2:0001845 UBERON:0011272 basal cell layer of skin compare with 'stratum basale of epidermis'. This class is the source for many adult structures - see WP2062. See also: 'enveloping layer of ectoderm' outer epithelium of body uberon paired limb/fin skeleton Skeletal subdivision that is part of the paired limb/fin.[VSAO] The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb or fin. UBERON:0011582 VSAO:0000301 limb/fin skeleton skeletal parts of limb/fin skeleton of limb/fin uberon stylopodial skeleton Proximal element of a free limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively[VSAO, modified]. Proximal element of the limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively.[VSAO] UBERON:0011583 VSAO:0005007 mesomere 1 propodial propodial skeleton propodium proximal metapterygial mesomere stylopod stylopodial stylopodium stylopodium skeleton uberon zeugopodial skeleton Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium. UBERON:0011584 VSAO:0005010 epipodial skeleton epipodium mesomere 2 mesomere 2 skeleton skeleton of zeugopod uberon zeugopod skeleton zeugopodial zygopodial zygopodium cell condensation Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). UBERON:0011585 VSAO:0000006 XAO:0004021 consider obsoleting, coordinate with VSAO uberon jaw region A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. EMAPA:32905 UBERON:0011595 http://eol.org/collections/11578 uberon subdivision of organism along main body axis A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. Ideally this would be disjoint with analagous class for appendicular axes, but currently 'appendages' like antennae, horns cause a problem UBERON:0011676 axial subdivision of organism body segment main body segment uberon embryonic cardiovascular system A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. EHDAA2:0000216 FMA:305965 UBERON:0011695 conceptus cardiovascular system embryonic circulatory system fetal circulatory system uberon cardiac valve leaflet EMAPA:35903 MA:0003179 UBERON:0011741 uberon valve leaflet vagus nerve nucleus A cranial nerve nucleus that is associated with a vagus nerve. FMA:54573 UBERON:0011775 nodosal nucleus nucleus of Xth nerve nucleus of vagal X nerve nucleus of vagal nerve nucleus of vagus nerve tenth cranial nerve nucleus uberon vagal X nucleus vagal nucleus vagus nucleus nerve of head region A nerve that is part of a head. UBERON:0011779 cephalic nerve head nerve uberon non-neurogenic ectodermal placode Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. UBERON:0011814 uberon atrioventricular region An anatomical junction that divides and overlaps with and atrium and a ventricle in the heart. EHDAA2:0004149 FMA:85125 UBERON:0011820 atrial ventricular junction atrioventricular junction uberon irregular connective tissue Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 UBERON:0011821 uberon dense irregular connective tissue FMA:20109 Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. Tissue characterized by a thick, random arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers with very few cells. The majority of the cells are fibroblasts, but mast cells and macrophages may also be seen. It is found in the dermis, periosteum, perichondrium, capsules of organs and sheaths of nerves and muscles[NCIT] UBERON:0011822 UMLS:C0738366 irregular dense connective tissue typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) uberon dense connective tissue AAO:0000121 Connective tissue in which the fibrous component predominates. The cells, ground substance, and tissue fluid represent a minor component[NCIT] Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets UBERON:0011823 UMLS:C1511770 our OWL definition states that this is differentiated from other connective tissue types by virtue of the fact that the collage fiber component predominates, as opposed to cells and fluid. uberon fibrous connective tissue FMA:75634 UBERON:0011824 uberon loose connective tissue FMA:19783 Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. UBERON:0011825 UMLS:C1253917 textus connectivus collagenosus laxus textus connectivus laxus uberon acinus of exocrine gland An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland. UBERON:0011858 exocrine gland acinus uberon collection of collagen fibrils FMA:63212 MESH:D024022 NIF_Subcellular:sao7547390221 UBERON:0011860 the FMA class specifically refers to ureter uberon anterior uvea Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. Haller tunica vascula UBERON:0011892 anterior part of uveal tract anterior uveal tract anterior vascular layer of the eyeball anterior vascular tunic of the eye ciliary body and iris tunica vasculosa bulbosa uberon vasculosa oculi ventral uveal tract epimysium Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It is continuous with fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle including the endomysium, and perimysium. It is also continuous with tendons where it becomes thicker and collagenous. FMA:9726 The Epimysium also protects muscles from friction against other muscles and bones UBERON:0011899 UMLS:C0504096 epimysia fascia of muscle organ uberon stomach glandular region A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium. EMAPA:17623 MA:0001613 UBERON:0011953 UMLS:C0227197 as currently defined, this would include the cardiac antrum; however, the intent may be to exclude the cardiac glands and in mice for this to be part of the region distal to the margo plicatus glandular stomach uberon coelom EHDAA2 distingsuishes between the lumen, the lining, and the 'coelomic cavity', which despire it's name, is not a space - it is the aggregate of space plus lining. EHDAA2:0004731 The aggregate of the coelemic cavity lumen plus the membranes that line the lumen. UBERON:0011997 coelem coelomic coelomic cavity enterocoelom haemocoelom schizocoelom uberon epithelium-associated lymphoid tissue FMA:62811 UBERON:0012069 uberon perinatal stage In birds, the paranatal stage starts when the beak penetrates into the air pocket (air cell) between the inner and outer shell membranes The period spanning the range immediately before and after birth UBERON:0012101 paranatal stage uberon buccal salivary gland A salivary gland that is part of a cheek. FMA:59793 UBERON:0012102 uberon segment of autopod UBERON:0012139 uberon digitopodium region A segment of the autopod consisting of both acropodial region and metapodial region, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial region. UBERON:0012140 acropodium (Wagner) https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod some sources call this the acropodium. see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod uberon skeleton of digitopodium A subdivision of the autopod skeleton consisting of both acropodial skeleon and metapodial skeleton, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial skeleton. UBERON:0012150 digitopodium https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod skeleton of digits some sources call this the acropodium. see https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Subdivisions-of-the-autopod uberon head or neck skin A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. MA:0000574 UBERON:0012180 UMLS:C1522650 uberon abdominal aorta artery An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta UBERON:0012254 abdominal artery artery of abdomen uberon columnar epithelium An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified] UBERON:0012274 uberon meso-epithelium Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:86452 UBERON:0012275 mesoderm-derived epithelium mesoepithelium uberon endometrium glandular epithelium EMAPA:35308 FMA:86488 MA:0002732 UBERON:0012276 glandular part of endometrium uberon uterine glands uterine glands set embryonic cloacal fold EHDAA2:0004009 One of the pair of mesenchymal swellings (folds) located on either side of the cloacal membrane during the indifferent stage of embryonic development; cranial to the cloacal membrane the folds unite to form the genital tubercle; caudally the folds are subdivided into urogenital folds anteriorly and anal folds posteriorly UBERON:0012292 We presume this is distinct from AAO:0001003, an external integumentary structure - check with amphibian anatomy ontology developers. AO notes: the text def states mesenchymal swelling, EHDAA2 splits into mesenchymal and epithelial parts cloacal fold uberon embryonic facial prominence FMA:293103 One of five swellings formed during the development of the face UBERON:0012314 embryonic facial process facial primordium primordium of face uberon fin skeleton Skeletal subdivision consisting of all the skeletal elements in a single fin. UBERON:0012353 skeleton of fin uberon acropodium region The segment of the autopod that is distal to the metapodial region and consists of the digits. UBERON:0012354 acropodial limb segment acropodial region acropodial segment of autopod class refers to an entire limb segment, not just the bones set of digits uberon digitopodium bone A bone that is part of a the digitopodium skeleton - i.e. the acropodial skeleton or the metapodial skeleton. UBERON:0012357 digit bone uberon internal anal region EHDAA2:0004588 UBERON:0012361 uberon hemopoietic tissue Blood-forming tissue, consisting of reticular fibers and cells. Also known as hemopoietic tissue Bone marrow in humans, kidney interstitium in Danio, within a stroma of reticuloendothelial tissue CALOHA:TS-2142 FMA:14073 UBERON:0012429 UMLS:C0229619 bone marrow tissue haemopoietic tissue hematopoietic tissue textus haemopoieticus uberon tunica fibrosa of eyeball FMA:58102 The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth. UBERON:0012430 corneosclera fibrous layer of eyeball fibrous tunic tunica fibrosa uberon external anal region EHDAA2:0004589 UBERON:0012469 uberon skeleton of pelvic complex FMA:24140 The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pelvic girdle. UBERON:0012476 bones of lower limb lower limb skeleton ossa membri inferioris pelvic complex skeleton set of bones of lower limb skeleton of posterior limb/fin and girdle uberon cloacal epithelium An epithelium that is part of a cloaca. EMAPA:27577 EMAPA:27640 EMAPA:36070 UBERON:0012481 ZFA:0005783 cloacal endoderm cloacal epithelium (cle) (syn: cloacal endoderm) (TS17-TS20): the cloacal epithelium is derived from endoderm and lines the cloacal cavity. It is marked by Shh and Cdh1 and lines the cloacal lumen. The cloacal epithelium gives rise to the urogenital sinus epithelium, hindgut epithelium and the urethral plate epithelium. uberon systemic vein Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart. FMA:66644 UBERON:0013140 UMLS:C0447117 systemic venous tree organ part uberon future brain vesicle TODO - resolve space vs structure inconsistency; consider adding all secondary vesicles (e.g. diencephalic; my/metencephalic. See http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_4.html). Note that some sources may treat the term vesicle as the progenitor of the whole brain region; for example 'The retina develops directly from the neural tube as an outpouching from the diencephalic vesicle' UBERON:0013150 brain vesicle early brain vesicle primary brain vesicle primitive brain vesicle secondary brain vesicle uberon serous acinus FMA:86279 The secretory unit of a serous gland. The acinar portion is composed of serous secreting cells. UBERON:0013232 acinus of serous gland uberon embryonic urethral groove In humans, the urethral groove is a temporary linear indentation on the underside (ventral side) of the male penis during embryonic development. It typically appears around 8 weeks of gestation and becomes closed into a normal male urethra by the 12th week The precursor of the urethra UBERON:0013241 sulcus urethralis primarius uberon urethral groove urethral sulcus space surrounding organism The space that surrounds an organism. UBERON:0013514 external to organism outside of body uberon subdivision of oviduct A section through the tube or network of tubes that connects the ovaries to the outside of the body. FMA class may only represent the uterine portion FMA:18302 UBERON:0013515 subdivision of fallopian tube subdivision of oviduct subdivision of uterine tube uberon uterine tube zone zone of uterine tube subdivision of tube UBERON:0013522 uberon anatomical conduit space 2 2 An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. FMA:9338 UBERON:0013686 foramen space uberon main body axis A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. UBERON:0013701 uberon body proper AEO:0000103 BTO:0001489 Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper[FMA:231424]. EMAPA:36031 FMA:231424 The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. UBERON:0013702 body uberon whole body integumentary projection Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system. UBERON:0013703 skin projection uberon integumentary system layer A organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. UBERON:0013754 layer of skin skin layer uberon venous blood A blood that is part of a vein. FMA:83067 UBERON:0013756 blood in vein portion of venous blood uberon venous blood digestive system element Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. UBERON:0013765 digestive organ digestive system organ uberon great vessel of heart EMAPA:36460 Great vessels is a term used to refer collectively to the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. Groupings may vary - typically pulmonary vessels and aorta and vena cavae UBERON:0013768 great vessel great vessel of thorax uberon future telencephalon EHDAA2:0004424 EMAPA:36024 Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon. TAO:0000571 UBERON:0014371 ZFA:0000571 paired anteriolateral division of the embryonic prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived[MP] presumptive telencephalon uberon mesenchyme derived from neural crest EMAPA:32735 FMA:293883 Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. UBERON:0014387 mesenchyme from neural crest neural crest derived mesenchyme neural crest mesenchyme uberon thoracic skeleton EHDAA2:0002013 FMA:77169 Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. UBERON:0014477 skeleton of thorax thoracic part of axial skeleton thoracic skeleton uberon interlobular duct A duct that is located between lobules, within the thin connective tissue septa that separate lobules. All interlobular ducts are excretory. UBERON:0014716 uberon intralobular duct A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular UBERON:0014719 intralobular ductule uberon chorda tendinea of left ventricle Chorda tendinea which is attached to the leaflet of mitral valve and is continuous with the endocardium of papillary muscle of left ventricle. FMA:9349 UBERON:0014851 uberon skeletal muscle organ A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles). AAO:0011099 BTO:0001103 CALOHA:TS-0933 EFO:0000888 EHDAA:5035 EHDAA:5043 EHDAA:5978 EHDAA:5984 EMAPA:35988 EV:0100377 GAID:141 MA:0003148 MAT:0000302 MESH:D018482 MIAA:0000302 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005277 UBERON:0014892 VHOG:0000319 XAO:0000174 ZFA:0005277 skeletal muscle uberon primordial vasculature A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. EFO:0003708 TAO:0005076 UBERON:0014903 ZFA:0005076 uberon phalanx endochondral element A phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. UBERON:0015023 phalanx element phalanx skeletal element uberon limb endochondral element A limb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. UBERON:0015061 limb bone endochondral element limb bone skeletal element uberon autopod endochondral element A endochondral element that is part of a autopod region. UBERON:0015063 uberon autopod cartilage A autopod endochondral element that is composed primarily of a cartilage tissue. UBERON:0015064 uberon lateral structure Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. This class is primarily to implement taxon constraints. It may be removed in the future. UBERON:0015212 uberon circulatory organ A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. SPD:0000130 UBERON:0015228 cardiac pump cardiac structure circulatory vessel heart heart or heart like organ uberon heart plus pericardium MA:0002449 UBERON:0015410 heart/pericardium uberon heterogeneous tissue FMA:62798 UBERON:0015757 portion of heterogeneous tissue uberon eye epithelium A epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. EMAPA:35957 MA:0003162 UBERON:0015808 uberon foregut epithelium A epithelium that is part of a foregut. EMAPA:32922 MA:0003204 UBERON:0015833 uberon lobe of cerebral hemisphere BTO:0000445 FMA:61823 Subdivision of telencephalon which is one of a number of subdivisions of each hemisphere separated by both real landmarks (sulci and fissures) and arbitrary boundaries[FMA,modified]. UBERON:0000322 UBERON:0016526 We use the term lobe broadly as a rough regional area, encompassing homologous regions in smooth-brained mammals. We subdivide the lobes into white matter and neocortical parts. cerebral cortical segment cerebral hemisphere lobe cerebral lobe lobe of cerebral cortex lobe parts of cerebral cortex lobes of the brain lobi cerebri regional organ part of cerebral cortex segment of cerebral cortex uberon pit AEO:0000204 An roughly circular indentation in a surface. UBERON:0016566 uberon future central nervous system Primordium that develops into the central nervous system UBERON:0016879 UBERON:3000469 future CNS presumptive central nervous system uberon future nervous system AAO:0000477 Primordium that develops into the nervous system UBERON:0016880 UBERON:3000477 presumptive nervous system uberon entire extraembryonic component AEO:0000195 EHDAA2:0000003 EMAPA:16042 The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. UBERON:0016887 extra-embryonic component extraembryonic component uberon transitional anatomical structure AEO:0000132 An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. UBERON:0016888 uberon developing mesenchymal structure A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. AEO:0001016 UBERON:0017650 uberon abdominal viscera A viscus that is part of a abdomen. FMA:32413 FMA:67355 UBERON:0017672 abdominal viscera abdominal viscera set set of abdominal viscera uberon skeletal musculature Added for consistency with MA EMAPA and EHDAA2. See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/104 EHDAA2:0001842 EMAPA:35578 MA:0000165 UBERON:0018254 uberon layer of muscle tissue Any organ component layer that consists of muscle tissue. FMA:45634 NCITA class may refer to smooth muscle only UBERON:0018260 uberon heart vasculature An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. FMA:73747 UBERON:0018674 ZFA:0005811 cardiac vasculature uberon nursing stage A mammalian developmental stage that covers the period from birth until weaning. UBERON:0018685 suckling stage uberon bladder organ A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. BTO:0000123 UBERON:0018707 bladder uberon reproductive system mucosa BTO:0002439 UBERON:0019042 genital mucosa uberon chorioretinal region The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid UBERON:0019207 chorioretina choroid and retina retinachoroid retinachoroidal region uberon sensory organ epithelium EMAPA:35952 MA:0003174 UBERON:0019304 uberon surface of eyeball FMA:58315 UBERON:0022288 surface of region of wall of eyeball uberon nervous system cell part layer Single layer of a laminar structure, identified by different density, arrangement or size of cells and processes arranged in flattened layers or lamina[CUMBO]. UBERON:0022303 lamina layer this is currently used to group some cellular layers that may not strictly conform to the CARO definition of cell-part layer. Consider genericisizing and introducing subtypes for cellular layer, fibrous layer and cell soma layer uberon visceral serous membrane FMA:15860 Serous membrane layer that is adjacent to and lines an organ. UBERON:0022350 uberon visceral wall of serous membrane parietal serous membrane FMA:15859 MA:0002448 Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity. UBERON:0022351 cavity lining parietal wall of serous membrane uberon developing neuroepithelium AEO:0001008 An embryonic or larval epithelium that is committed to form part of the nervous system. BTO:0000314 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0004654 FMA:64807 UBERON:0034705 embryonic neuroepithelium neurepithelium neuroepithelium uberon proliferating neuroepithelium AEO:0001009 An epithelium that is undergoing proliferation to provide large numbers of neuronal cells. UBERON:0034706 uberon differentiating neuroepithelium A neuroepithelium some of whose cells are undergoing terminal differentiation to become neuronal cells. AEO:0001010 UBERON:0034707 uberon cranial neuron projection bundle Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain UBERON:0034713 cranial nerve fiber bundle cranial nerve fiber tract cranial nerve or tract neuron projection bundle from brain uberon morphological feature A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. UBERON:0034768 uberon lymphomyeloid tissue FMA:79770 UBERON:0034769 uberon bodily gas Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. FMA:84580 UBERON:0034873 gas in anatomical space portion of gas in anatomical space uberon air in respiratory system Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system that is composed primarily of air. FMA:84581 UBERON:0034874 respiratory air respiratory system air uberon prechordal mesoderm UBERON:0034878 prechordal mesenchyme the area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate uberon infant stage Nursing stage that follows the neonate stage in mammals and ends at weaning. UBERON:0034920 uberon multi organ part structure An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 UBERON:0034921 anatomical cluster uberon cell cluster A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. CARO:0020002 FMA:62807 UBERON:0034922 uberon anatomical collection A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. UBERON:0034925 resolve if this should be a subclass of disconnected anatomical group. Some collections (e.g. the skeleton or skull) are arguably connected uberon external soft tissue zone A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. UBERON:0034929 uberon epithelium of biliary system BTO:0001513 The epithelial layer covering the biliary system. This includes the epithelium of the gallbladder (when present) as well as the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. UBERON:0034932 biliary epithelium biliary system epithelium biliary tract epithelium uberon zone of organ FMA:55268 UBERON:0034944 organ region with floating fiat boundary organ sector organ zonal region organ zone uberon gas in respiratory system Any portion of gas located in a part of the respiratory system. UBERON:0034947 respiratory gas respiratory system gas uberon epithelial layer of duct UBERON:0034969 duct epithelium ductal epithelium uberon excretory duct UBERON:0035050 uberon left cardiac chamber Any chamber of the left side of the heart FMA:7166 UBERON:0035553 uberon right cardiac chamber Any chamber of the right side of the heart FMA:7165 UBERON:0035554 uberon laryngeal nerve Any nerve that innervates the larynx. MESH:A08.800.050.050.925.450 UBERON:0035642 uberon future mouth FMA:293105 The primordial mouth region of the developing head. UBERON:0035804 primitive mouth primordial mouth uberon serous cavity FMA:12241 UBERON:0035809 uberon abdominopelvic cavity FMA:12267 The part of the ventral body cavity that is within the abdominal segment of the trunk, which encompasses the abdomen proper plus pelvic cavity. UBERON:0035819 cavitas abdominis et pelvis uberon peritoneal sac A serous sac that is the aggregate of the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity, located in the abdominal cavity. EMAPA:16137 FMA:9908 MA:0000054 UBERON:0035820 peritoneal component uberon preplacodal ectoderm Non neural ectoderm that surrounds the presumptive neural plate and gives rise to neurogenic placodes. This class was sourced from an external ontology (teleost_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon ZFA:0007013 teleost_anatomy_curators uberon/phenoscape-anatomy external integument structure Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. This class was sourced from an external ontology (amphibian_anatomy). Its definitions, naming conventions and relationships may need to be checked for compatibility with uberon amphibian_anatomy_curators uberon/phenoscape-anatomy digit plus metapodial segment A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. UBERON:5002544 digit digit ( phalanges plus metapodial) plus soft tissue digit digitopodial subdivision digit ray this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element plus associated soft tissues. Instances of this class typically do not form a distinct unit. uberon individual digit of digitopodial skeleton A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of a single digit plus the associated metapodial element. UBERON:5102544 digit digit skeleton this class represents a series of phalanges plus a metapodial element. In comparative anatomy terminology we would call this a 'digit', but the label 'digit' is sometimes used to exclude metapodials and to include soft tissue. This series of elements is hypothesized to be homologous to radials. uberon vaccine A vaccine is a processed material with the function that when administered, it prevents or ameliorates a disorder in a target organism by inducing or modifying adaptive immune responses specific to the antigens in the vaccine. vaccination a medical intervention that involves in adding vaccine into a host (e.g., human, mouse) in vivo with the intent to invoke an adaptive immune response. Afluria FluLaval FluMist injection site a medical intervention site that is used for injection of a substance. YH, SS, ZX Influenza virus vaccine A viral vaccine that protects against infection with influenza virus. obsolete class ready for release pending final vetting axiom holds for all times has_specified_input has_specified_input 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works. PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Coutot has_specified_input A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg has_specified_input see is_input_of example_of_usage has_specified_output has_specified_output PERSON: Bjoern Peters PERSON: Larry Hunter PERSON: Melanie Courtot has_specified_output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg has_specified_output prostate gland BTO:0001129 CALOHA:TS-0828 EFO:0000858 EMAPA:19287 EV:0100104 FMA:9600 GAID:392 MA:0000404 MAT:0000078 MESH:D011467 MIAA:0000078 OpenCyc:Mx4rv6trqZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TODO - FMA treats the gland as part of the prostate - see also FMA:74119. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. UBERON:0002367 UMLS:C0033572 VHOG:0001261 galen:ProstateGland male prostate prostata prostate prostatic uberon