Eric Merrell Damion Dooley Jie Zheng John Beverley John Judkins Matthew Diller Oliver He Sam Smith William Duncan William R. Hogan This Occupaton Ontology (OccO) is an ontology in the domain of human occupaitons. Current OccO version is developed based on the US Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) and the related O*Net System. The OccO development follows the principles of the Open Biological and Biomedical (OBO) Foundry. Occupation Ontology (OccO) 1.0.65 2023-12-09 Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label editor preferred term The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred term example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage in branch An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet. GROUP:OBI OBI_0000277 in branch has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot has curation status definition The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor alternative label A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label alternative term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester is denotator type Relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type') Alan Ruttenberg is denotator type imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from expand expression to ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones Chris Mungall expand expression to expand assertion to ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom. Chris Mungall expand assertion to first order logic expression PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg first order logic expression antisymmetric property part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true Use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property Alan Ruttenberg antisymmetric property OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label has ID digit count Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID digit count has ID range allocated Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300] Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID range allocated to has ID policy for Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID policy for has ID prefix Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created. Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID prefix elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) is allocated id range Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999" PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology is allocated id range has ontology root term Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root. Nicolas Matentzoglu has ontology root term may be identical to A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged. David Osumi-Sutherland #40 VFB Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance. may be identical to scheduled for obsoletion on or after Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date. Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15532 https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/32 GO ontology scheduled for obsoletion on or after has axiom id Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI has axiom label term replaced by Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by An annotation property that provides the information of the top and imporant abilities associated with an occupation Oliver He Sam Smtih top occupation abilities An annotation property that provides the information of the top and imporant skills associated with an occupation Oliver He Sam Smtih top occupation skills Oliver He Sam Smith US Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) ID https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_stru.htm https://www.bls.gov/soc/ US SOC ID Jie Zheng Alabama preferred label Jie Zheng Alabama Cluster This is an annotation used on an object property to indicate a logical characterstic beyond what is possible in OWL. OBO Operations call logical characteristic of object property 'part disjoint with' 'defined by construct' """ PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX : <http://example.org/ CONSTRUCT { [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?a ; owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?b ] ] } WHERE { ?a :part_disjoint_with ?b . } Links an annotation property to a SPARQL CONSTRUCT query which is meant to provide semantics for a shortcut relation. defined by construct CHEBI:26523 (reactive oxygen species) has an exact synonym (ROS), which is of type OMO:0003000 (abbreviation) A synonym type for describing abbreviations or initalisms 2023-03-03 abbreviation A synonym type for describing ambiguous synonyms 2023-03-03 ambiguous synonym A synonym type for describing dubious synonyms 2023-03-03 dubious synonym EFO:0006346 (severe cutaneous adverse reaction) has an exact synonym (scar), which is of the type OMO:0003003 (layperson synonym) A synonym type for describing layperson or colloquial synonyms 2023-03-03 layperson synonym CHEBI:23367 (molecular entity) has an exact synonym (molecular entities), which is of the type OMO:0003004 (plural form) A synonym type for describing pluralization synonyms 2023-03-03 plural form CHEBI:16189 (sulfate) has an exact synonym (sulphate), which is of the type OMO:0003005 (UK spelling synonym) A synonym type for describing UK spelling variants 2023-03-03 UK spelling synonym A synonym type for common misspellings 2023-03-03 misspelling A synonym type for misnomers, i.e., a synonym that is not technically correct but is commonly used anyway 2023-03-03 misnomer MAPT, the gene that encodes the Tau protein, has a previous name DDPAC. Note: in this case, the name type is more specifically the gene symbol. A synonym type for names that have been used as primary labels in the past. 2023-07-25 previous name The legal name for Harvard University (https://ror.org/03vek6s52) is President and Fellows of Harvard College A synonym type for the legal entity name 2023-07-27 legal name CHEBI:46195 has been assigned the english International Nonproproprietary Name (INN) "paracetamol". In some cases such as this one, the INN might be the same as the ontology's primary label The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is a standardize name for a pharmaceutical drug or active ingredient issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) meant to address the issues with country- or language-specific brand names. These are issued in several languages, including English, Latin, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese. 2023-09-30 INN International Nonproprietary Name nasopharynx (UBERON:0001728) has the latin name "pars nasalis pharyngis A synonym type for describing Latin term synonyms. 2023-10-12 latin term NASA is an word acronym for the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration because the acronym is pronounced. FBI is an initialism (also known as alphabetism) for the US Federal Bureau of Investigation since the letters are pronounced one at a time. JPEG is an acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group but does not count as a word acronym nor an initialism since it is mixed how it is pronounced. A synonym type for describing abbreviations that are a part of the full name's words, such as initialisms or alphabetisms. 2023-11-01 acronym An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 has broad synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 has exact synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 has narrow synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has related synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process has ability has skill https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-6506 Giacomo De Colle ONET narrower than inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of location of located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. 2D_boundary_of boundary of is 2D boundary of is boundary of 2D boundary of my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts. Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape. has boundary has_2D_boundary has 2D boundary An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member DEPRECATED This relation is similar to but different in important respects to the characteristic-of relation. See comments on that relation for more information. DEPRECATED inheres in true DEPRECATED bearer of true A data property that represents a job zone for a specific occupation Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/help/online/zones has job zone entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional per discussion with Barry Smith A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] 2d-s-region TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion an infinitely thin plane in space. the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] two-dimensional spatial region A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] st-region SpatiotemporalRegion the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis. the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself. Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] spatiotemporal region A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] 0d-s-region ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] zero-dimensional spatial region A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] fiat-object-part FiatObjectPart or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29 the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body. the Western hemisphere of the Earth the division of the brain into regions the division of the planet into hemispheres the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body the upper and lower lobes of the left lung BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] fiat object part b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] 1d-s-region OneDimensionalSpatialRegion an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space. A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] one-dimensional spatial region A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] 3d-s-region ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion a cube-shaped region of space a sphere-shaped region of space, A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] three-dimensional spatial region A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] p-boundary ProcessBoundary the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] 1d-t-region OneDimensionalTemporalRegion the temporal region during which a process occurs. BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] one-dimensional temporal region A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] cf-boundary ContinuantFiatBoundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions. BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29 Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] continuant fiat boundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity 1d-cf-boundary OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary The Equator all geopolitical boundaries all lines of latitude and longitude the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin. the median sulcus of your tongue a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] process-profile ProcessProfile On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] process profile b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] r-quality RelationalQuality John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. a marriage bond, an instance of requited love, an obligation between one person and another. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] relational quality b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] 2d-cf-boundary TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] 0d-cf-boundary ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary the geographic North Pole the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system. the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. requested by Melanie Courtot a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] 0d-t-region ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary right now the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death. temporal instant. A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] zero-dimensional temporal region A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) data item data item information content entity information content entity curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification data about an ontology part Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term Person:Alan Ruttenberg data about an ontology part obsolescence reason specification The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot obsolescence reason specification denotator type The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. Alan Ruttenberg Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters denotator type ontology module I have placed this under 'data about an ontology part', but this can be discussed. I think this is OK if 'part' is interpreted reflexively, as an ontology module is the whole ontology rather than part of it. ontology file This class and it's subclasses are applied to OWL ontologies. Using an rdf:type triple will result in problems with OWL-DL. I propose that dcterms:type is instead used to connect an ontology URI with a class from this hierarchy. The class hierarchy is not disjoint, so multiple assertions can be made about a single ontology. ontology module base ontology module An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies. base ontology module editors ontology module An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users. source ontology module editors ontology module main release ontology module An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools. TODO: Add logical axioms that state that a main release ontology module is derived from (directly or indirectly) an editors module main release ontology module bridge ontology module An ontology module that consists entirely of axioms that connect or bridge two distinct ontology modules. For example, the Uberon-to-ZFA bridge module. bridge ontology module import ontology module A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology. TODO: add axioms that indicate this is the output of a module extraction process. import file import ontology module subset ontology module An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms. ontology slim subset ontology subset ontology module curation subset ontology module A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation. curation subset ontology module analysis ontology module An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications. analysis subset ontology module single layer ontology module A subset ontology that is largely comprised of a single layer or strata in an ontology class hierarchy. The purpose is typically for rolling up for visualization. The classes in the layer need not be disjoint. ribbon subset single layer subset ontology module exclusion subset ontology module A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes. antislim exclusion subset ontology module external import ontology module An imported ontology module that is derived from an external ontology. Derivation methods include the OWLAPI SLME approach. external import external import ontology module species subset ontology module A subset ontology that is crafted to either include or exclude a taxonomic grouping of species. taxon subset species subset ontology module reasoned ontology module An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available. reasoned ontology module generated ontology module An ontology module that is automatically generated, for example via a SPARQL query or via template and a CSV. TODO: Add axioms (using PROV-O?) that indicate this is the output-of some reasoning process generated ontology module template generated ontology module An ontology module that is automatically generated from a template specification and fillers for slots in that template. template generated ontology module taxonomic bridge ontology module taxonomic bridge ontology module ontology module subsetted by expressivity ontology module subsetted by expressivity obo basic subset ontology module A subset ontology that is designed for basic applications to continue to make certain simplifying assumptions; many of these simplifying assumptions were based on the initial version of the Gene Ontology, and have become enshrined in many popular and useful tools such as term enrichment tools. Examples of such assumptions include: traversing the ontology graph ignoring relationship types using a naive algorithm will not lead to cycles (i.e. the ontology is a DAG); every referenced term is declared in the ontology (i.e. there are no dangling clauses). An ontology is OBO Basic if and only if it has the following characteristics: DAG Unidirectional No Dangling Clauses Fully Asserted Fully Labeled No equivalence axioms Singly labeled edges No qualifier lists No disjointness axioms No owl-axioms header No imports obo basic subset ontology module ontology module subsetted by OWL profile ontology module subsetted by OWL profile EL++ ontology module EL++ ontology module GC_ID:1 human ncbi_taxonomy Homo sapiens A human who has a role in society that is realized in an occupation process or an activity as a livelihood (i.e., “means of support or subsistence”). To fulfill such an occupation, the occupation holder is required to have necessary capabilities including skill(s) and abilities. A human who has a role in society that is realized in an occupation process or an activity as a livelihood (i.e., “means of support or subsistence”). To fulfill such an occupation, the occupation holder is required to have necessary capabilities including skill(s) and abilities. Damion Dooley Eric Merrell John Beverley Sam Smith Yongqun He https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_(human_activity) https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/occupation occupation holder A learned capability to perform an action with determined results with good execution often within a given amount of time, energy, or both. Oliver He Sam Smith https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skill skill A capability that an agent has to power the performance of various actions. Oliver He Sam Smith https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ability ability A disposition that can be evaluated on the basis of how well they are realized. They differ from functions in that their realizations are not the rationale – not the primary reason – for the existence of their bearers. Barry Smith David Limbaugh Eric Merrell Peter Koch https://philpapers.org/rec/MERC-14 capability A role that has the bearer of a human being and is realized in an occupation process. Damion Dooley John Beverley Matt Diller Oliver He Sam Smith job role obsolete occupation role true A set of behavioural processes which a person has a disposition to perform repeatedly in pursuit of a social objective. occupation occupation process https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work_(human_activity) https://www.bls.gov/bls/glossary.htm#O obsolete occupation activity true A job zone is a class of data item that defines: how much education people need to do the work, how much related experience people need to do the work, and how much on-the-job training people need to do the work. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/help/online/zones job zone Occupations that need little or no preparation Oliver He Sam Smith JZ 1 - Very Low https://www.onetonline.org/help/online/zones job zone 1 Occupations that need some preparation Oliver He Sam Smith JZ 2 - Low https://www.onetonline.org/help/online/zones job zone 2 Occupations that need medium preparation Oliver He Sam Smith JZ 3 - Medium https://www.onetonline.org/help/online/zones job zone 3 Occupations that need considerable preparation Oliver He Sam Smith JZ 4 - High https://www.onetonline.org/help/online/zones job zone 4 Occupations that need extensive preparation Oliver He Sam Smith JZ 5 - Very High https://www.onetonline.org/help/online/zones job zone 5 Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/skills/soft/ 2.A.2.b active learning Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/skills/soft/ 2.A.1.b active listening Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/skills/soft/ 2.B.2.i complex problem solving Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.1.b coordination Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/skills/soft/ 2.A.2.a critical thinking Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.j equipment maintenance Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.c equipment selection Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.d installation Teaching others how to do something. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/skills/soft/ 2.B.1.e instructing Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.4.e judgment and decision making Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/skills/soft/ 2.A.2.c learning strategies Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.5.b management of financial resources Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.5.c management of material resources Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.5.d management of personnel resources Using mathematics to solve problems. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.A/2.A.1/2.A.2 2.A.1.e mathematics Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/skills/soft/ 2.A.2.d monitoring Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/skills/soft/ 2.B.1.d negotiation Controlling operations of equipment or systems. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.h operation and control Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.g operation monitoring Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.a operations analysis Persuading others to change their minds or behavior. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.1.c persuasion Writing computer programs for various purposes. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.e programming Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.m quality control analysis Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.A/2.A.1/2.A.2 2.A.1.a reading comprehension Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.l repairing Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.A/2.A.1/2.A.2 2.A.1.f science Actively looking for ways to help people. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/skills/soft/ 2.B.1.f service orientation Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.1.a social perceptiveness Talking to others to convey information effectively. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.A/2.A.1/2.A.2 2.A.1.d speaking Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.4.g systems analysis Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.4.h systems evaluation Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.b technology design Managing one's own time and the time of others. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.5.a time management Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.B/2.B.2/2.B.5/2.B.1/2.B.4/2.B.3 2.B.3.k troubleshooting Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/2.A/2.A.1/2.A.2 2.A.1.c writing A disposition that is held by an occupation holder to perform occupation activity. Bill Duncan Bill Hogan John Beverley Matt Diller Oliver He Sam Smith obsolete occupation disposition true The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.2.a.1 arm-hand steadiness The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.b.2 auditory attention The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.b.7 category flexibility The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.2.b.1 control precision The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.b.4 deductive reasoning The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.a.6 depth perception The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.3.c.2 dynamic flexibility The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.3.a.3 dynamic strength The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.3.a.2 explosive strength The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.3.c.1 extent flexibility The ability to see details at a distance. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.a.2 far vision The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.2.a.3 finger dexterity The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.e.2 flexibility of closure The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity). Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.b.1 fluency of ideas The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.a.7 glare sensitivity The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.3.c.3 gross body coordination The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.3.c.4 gross body equilibrium The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.b.1 hearing sensitivity The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.b.5 inductive reasoning The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.b.6 information ordering The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.2.a.2 manual dexterity The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.c.1 mathematical reasoning The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.d.1 memorization The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.2.b.2 multilimb coordination The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.a.1 near vision The ability to see under low-light conditions. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.a.4 night vision The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.c.2 number facility The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.a.1 oral comprehension The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.a.3 oral expression The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.b.2 originality The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.e.3 perceptual speed The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.a.5 peripheral vision The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.b.3 problem sensitivity The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.2.b.4 rate control The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.2.c.1 reaction time The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.2.b.3 response orientation The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.g.1 selective attention The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.b.3 sound localization The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.f.1 spatial orientation The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.b.5 speech clarity The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.b.4 speech recognition The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.e.1 speed of closure The ability to quickly move the arms and legs. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.2.c.3 speed of limb movement The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.3.b.1 stamina The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.3.a.1 static strength The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources). Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.g.2 time sharing The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.3.a.4 trunk strength The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.4.a.3 visual color discrimination The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.f.2 visualization The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.2.c.2 wrist-finger speed The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.a.2 written comprehension The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Oliver He Sam Smith https://www.onetonline.org/find/descriptor/browse/1.A/1.A.1/1.A.1.g 1.A.1.a.4 written expression An occupation activity which the occupation holder must be authorized to perform in a given jurisdiction (timeframe etc). Matt Diller Oliver He Sam Smith regulated occupation socially-sanctioned occupation activity https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/102490790301000310 regulated occupation activity An occupation activity which is illegal or ostracized in a given jurisdiction. Matt Diller Oliver He Sam Smith illicit occupation illicit occupation activity Giacomo De Colle ONET identifier material entity role A role in human social processes that, if realized, is realized when the bearer provides labor or services in exchange for a wage or salary as specified by some deontic declaration. Amanda hicks employee job role A disposition that, if realized, is realized when the bearer intends to, and does, exercise abilities and skills in pursuit of obtaining or maintaining an job role. Matthew Diller Damion Dooley Jie Zheng John Beverley John W. Judkins Sam Smith William D. Duncan William R. Hogan Yongqun He occupation disposition A process in which an occupation holder participates that realizes either an occupation disposition or job role. Matthew Diller occupation process Damion Dooley Eric Merrell Jie Zheng John Beverley John W. Judkins Sam Smith William D. Duncan William R. Hogan Yongqun He occupation activity A role that inheres in some entity that is realized in a social act. Matthew Diller Mathias Brochhausen Previous definition: A role played by an entity in human social processes. role in human social processes example to be eventually removed example to be eventually removed failed exploratory term The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete organizational term Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot obsolete_core true placeholder removed placeholder removed terms merged An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged term imported This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. term imported term split This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. term split universal Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal defined class A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. Alan Ruttenberg defined class named class expression A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg named class expression to be replaced with external ontology term Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term requires discussion A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not. This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 out of scope The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was a valid domain entity, but it turns out the entity does not exist in reality. This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. For example: Obsoleting class that describes a breed of cow based on a record in an existing database, that was later retracted as faulty (breed does not exist). Do not use this term to obsolete a historic concept (that was once valid, but not anymore). https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/136 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-7153 domain entity does not exist occupation holder with job zone 5 occupation holder with job zone 4 occupation holder with job zone 3 occupation holder with job zone 2 occupation holder with job zone 1 holder of regulated occupation activity holder of illicit occupation activity 11-0000 management occupation 11-1000 top executive 11-1010 chief executive (broad) 11-1011.00 chief executive 11-1011.03 chief sustainability officer 11-1020 general or operations manager (broad) 11-1021.00 general or operations manager 11-1030 legislator (broad) 11-1031.00 legislator 11-2000 advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, or sales manager 11-2010 advertising or promotions manager (broad) 11-2011.00 advertising or promotions manager 11-2020 marketing or sales manager 11-2021.00 marketing manager 11-2022.00 sales manager 11-2030 public relations or fundraising manager 11-2032.00 public relations manager 11-2033.00 fundraising manager 11-3000 operations specialties manager 11-3010 administrative services or facilities manager 11-3012.00 administrative services manager 11-3013.00 facilities manager 11-3013.01 security manager 11-3020 computer or information systems manager (broad) 11-3021.00 computer or information systems manager 11-3030 financial manager (broad) 11-3031 financial manager 11-3031.01 treasurers or controller 11-3031.03 investment fund manager 11-3050 industrial production manager (broad) 11-3051.00 industrial production manager 11-3051.01 quality control systems manager 11-3051.02 geothermal production manager 11-3051.03 biofuels production manager 11-3051.04 biomass power plant manager 11-3051.06 hydroelectric production manager 11-3060 purchasing manager (broad) 11-3061.00 purchasing manager 11-3070 transportation, storage, or distribution manager (broad) 11-3071.00 transportation, storage, or distribution manager 11-3071.04 supply chain manager 11-3110 compensation or benefits manager (broad) 11-3111.00 compensation or benefits manager 11-3120 human resources manager (broad) 11-3121.00 human resources manager 11-3130 training or development manager (broad) 11-3131.00 training or development manager 11-9000 other management occupation 11-9010 farmer, rancher, or other agricultural manager 11-9013.00 farmer, rancher or other agricultural manager 11-9020 construction manager (broad) 11-9021.00 construction manager 11-9030 education or childcare administrator 11-9031.00 education or childcare administrator, preschool or daycare 11-9032.00 education administrator, kindergarten through secondary 11-9033.00 education administrator, postsecondary 11-9039.00 education administrator, all other 11-9040 architectural or engineering manager (broad) 11-9041.00 architectural or engineering manager 11-9041.01 biofuels/biodiesel technology or product development manager 11-9050 food service manager (broad) 11-9051.00 food service manager 11-9070 entertainment or recreation manager 11-9071.00 gambling manager 11-9072.00 entertainment or recreation manager, except gambling 11-9080 lodging manager (broad) 11-9081.00 lodging manager 11-9110 medical or health services manager (broad) 11-9111.00 medical or health services manager 11-9120 natural sciences manager (broad) 11-9121.00 natural sciences manager 11-9121.01 clinical research coordinator 11-9121.02 water resource specialist 11-9130 postmaster or mail superintendent 11-9131.00 postmasters or mail superintendent 11-9140 property, real estate, or community association manager (broad) 11-9141.00 property, real estate, or community association manager 11-9150 social or community service manager (broad) 11-9151.00 social or community service manager 11-9160 emergency management director (broad) 11-9161.00 emergency management director 11-9170 personal service manager 11-9171.00 funeral home manager 11-9179.00 personal service manager, all other 11-9179.01 fitness or wellness coordinator 11-9179.02 spa manager 11-9190 miscellaneous manager 11-9199.00 manager, all other 11-9199.01 regulatory affairs manager 11-9199.02 compliance manager 11-9199.08 loss prevention manager 11-9199.09 wind energy operations manager 11-9199.10 wind energy development manager 11-9199.11 brownfield redevelopment specialist or site manager 13-0000 business or financial operations occupation holder 13-1000 business operations specialist 13-1010 agent or business manager of artist, performer, or athlete 13-1011.00 agent or business manager of artist, performer, or athletes 13-1020 buyer or purchasing agent 13-1021.00 buyer or purchasing agent, farm product 13-1022.00 wholesale or retail buyer, except farm product 13-1023.00 purchasing agent, except wholesale, retail, or farm product 13-1030 claims adjuster, appraiser, examiner, or investigator 13-1031.00 claims adjuster, examiner, or investigator 13-1032.00 insurance appraiser, auto damage 13-1040 compliance officer (broad) 13-1041.00 compliance officer 13-1041.01 environmental compliance inspector 13-1041.03 equal opportunity representative or officer 13-1041.04 government property inspector or investigator 13-1041.06 coroner 13-1041.07 regulatory affairs specialist 13-1041.08 customs broker 13-1050 cost estimator (broad) 13-1051.00 cost estimator 13-1070 human resources worker 13-1071.00 human resources specialist 13-1074.00 farm labor contractor 13-1075.00 labor relations specialist 13-1080 logistician or project management specialist 13-1081.00 logistician 13-1081.01 logistics engineer 13-1081.02 logistics analyst 13-1082.00 project management specialist 13-1110 management analyst (broad) 13-1111.00 management analyst 13-1120 meeting, convention, or event planner (broad) 13-1121.00 meeting, convention, or event planner 13-1130 fundraiser (broad) 13-1131.00 fundraiser 13-1140 compensation, benefits, or job analysis specialist 13-1141.00 compensation, benefit, or job analysis specialist 13-1150 training or development specialist (broad) 13-1151.00 training or development specialist 13-1160 market research analyst or marketing specialist (broad) 13-1161.00 market research analyst or marketing specialist 13-1161.01 search marketing strategist 13-1190 miscellaneous business operations specialist 13-1199.00 business operations specialist, all other 13-1199.04 business continuity planner 13-1199.05 sustainability specialist 13-1199.06 online merchant 13-1199.07 security management specialist 13-2000 financial specialist 13-2010 accountant or auditor (broad) 13-2011.00 accountant or auditor 13-2020 property appraiser or assessor 13-2022.00 appraiser of personal or business property 13-2023.00 appraiser or assessos of real estate 13-2030 budget analyst (broad) 13-2031.00 budget analyst 13-2040 credit analyst (broad) 13-2041.00 credit analyst 13-2050 financial analyst or advisor 13-2051.00 financial or investment analyst 13-2052.00 personal financial advisor 13-2053.00 insurance underwriter 13-2054.00 financial risk specialist 13-2060 financial examiner (broad) 13-2061.00 financial examiner 13-2070 credit counselor or loan officer 13-2071.00 credit counselor 13-2072.00 loan officer 13-2080 tax examiner, collector or preparer, or revenue agent 13-2081.00 tax examiner or collector, or revenue agent 13-2082.00 tax preparer 13-2090 miscellaneous financial specialist 13-2099.00 financial specialist, all other 13-2099.01 financial quantitative analyst 13-2099.04 fraud examiner, investigator or analyst 15-0000 computer or mathematical occupation holder 15-1200 computer occupation 15-1210 computer or information analyst 15-1211.00 computer systems analyst 15-1211.01 health informatics specialist 15-1212.00 information security analyst 15-1220 computer or information research scientist (broad) 15-1221.00 computer or information research scientist 15-1230 computer support specialist 15-1231.00 computer network support specialist 15-1232.00 computer user support specialist 15-1240 database or network administrator or architect 15-1241.00 computer network architect 15-1241.01 telecommunications engineering specialist 15-1242.00 database administrator 15-1243.00 database architect 15-1243.01 data warehousing specialist 15-1244.00 network or computer systems administrator 15-1250 software or web developer, programmer, or tester 15-1251.00 computer programmer 15-1252.00 software developer 15-1253.00 software quality assurance analyst or tester 15-1254.00 web developer 15-1255.00 web or digital interface designer 15-1255.01 video game designer 15-1290 miscellaneous computer occupation 15-1299.00 computer occupation, all other 15-1299.01 web administrator 15-1299.02 geographic information systems technologist or technician 15-1299.03 document management specialist 15-1299.04 penetration tester 15-1299.05 information security engineer 15-1299.06 digital forensics analyst 15-1299.07 blockchain engineer 15-1299.08 computer systems engineer/architect 15-1299.09 information technology project manager 15-2000 mathematical science occupation 15-2010 actuary (broad) 15-2011.00 actuary 15-2020 mathematician (broad) 15-2021.00 mathematician 15-2030 operations research analyst (broad) 15-2031.00 operations research analyst 15-2040 statistician (broad) 15-2041.00 statistician 15-2041.01 biostatistician 15-2050 data scientist (broad) 15-2051.00 data scientist 15-2051.01 business intelligence analyst 15-2051.02 clinical data manager 15-2090 miscellaneous mathematical science occupation 15-2099.00 mathematical science occupation, all other 15-2099.01 bioinformatics technician 17-0000 architecture or engineering occupation holder 17-1000 architect, surveyor, or cartographer 17-1010 architect, except naval 17-1011.00 architect, except landscape or naval 17-1012.00 landscape architect 17-1020 surveyor, cartographer, or photogrammetrist 17-1021.00 cartographer or photogrammetrist 17-1022.00 surveyor 17-1022.01 geodetic surveyor 17-2000 engineer 17-2010 aerospace engineer (broad) 17-2011.00 aerospace engineer 17-2020 agricultural engineer (broad) 17-2021.00 agricultural engineer 17-2030 bioengineer or biomedical engineer (broad) 17-2031.00 bioengineer or biomedical engineer 17-2040 chemical engineer (broad) 17-2041.00 chemical engineer 17-2050 civil engineer (broad) 17-2051.00 civil engineer 17-2051.01 transportation engineer 17-2051.02 water/wastewater engineer 17-2060 computer hardware engineer (broad) 17-2061.00 computer hardware engineer 17-2070 electrical or electronics engineer 17-2071.00 electrical engineer 17-2072.00 electronics engineer, except computer 17-2072.01 radio frequency identification device specialist 17-2080 environmental engineer (broad) 17-2081.00 environmental engineer 17-2110 industrial engineer, including health or safety 17-2111.00 health or safety engineer, except mining safety engineer or inspector 17-2111.02 fire-prevention or protection engineer 17-2112.00 industrial engineer 17-2112.01 human factors engineer or ergonomist 17-2112.02 validation engineer 17-2112.03 manufacturing engineer 17-2120 marine engineer or naval architect (broad) 17-2121.00 marine engineer or naval architect 17-2130 materials engineer (broad) 17-2131.00 materials engineer 17-2140 mechanical engineer (broad) 17-2141.00 mechanical engineer 17-2141.01 fuel cell engineer 17-2141.02 automotive engineer 17-2150 mining or geological engineer, including mining safety engineer (broad) 17-2151.00 mining or geological engineer, including mining safety engineer 17-2160 nuclear engineer (broad) 17-2161.00 nuclear engineer 17-2170 petroleum engineer (broad) 17-2171.00 petroleum engineer 17-2190 miscellaneous engineer 17-2199.00 engineer, all other 17-2199.03 energy engineer, except wind or solar 17-2199.05 mechatronics engineer 17-2199.06 microsystems engineer 17-2199.07 photonics engineer 17-2199.08 robotics engineer 17-2199.09 nanosystems engineer 17-2199.10 wind energy engineer 17-2199.11 solar energy systems engineer 17-3000 drafter, engineering technician, or mapping technician 17-3010 drafter 17-3011.00 architectural or civil drafter 17-3012.00 electrical or electronics drafter 17-3013.00 mechanical drafter 17-3019.00 drafter, all other 17-3020 engineering technologist or technician, except drafter 17-3021.00 aerospace engineering or operations technologist or technician 17-3022.00 civil engineering technologist or technician 17-3023.00 electrical or electronic engineering technologist or technician 17-3024.00 electro-mechanical or mechatronics technologist or technician 17-3024.01 robotics technician 17-3025.00 environmental engineering technologist or technician 17-3026.00 industrial engineering technologist or technician 17-3026.01 nanotechnology engineering technologist or technician 17-3027.00 mechanical engineering technologist or technician 17-3027.01 automotive engineering technician 17-3028.00 calibration technologist or technician 17-3029.00 engineering technologist or technician, except drafter, all other 17-3029.01 non-destructive testing specialist 17-3029.08 photonics technician 17-3030 surveying or mapping technician (broad) 17-3031.00 surveying or mapping technician 19-0000 life, physical, or social science occupation 19-1000 life scientist 19-1010 agricultural or food scientist 19-1011.00 animal scientist 19-1012.00 food scientist or technologist 19-1013.00 soil or plant scientist 19-1020 biological scientist 19-1021.00 biochemist or biophysicist 19-1022.00 microbiologist 19-1023.00 zoologist or wildlife biologist 19-1029.00 biological scientist, all other 19-1029.01 bioinformatics scientist 19-1029.02 molecular or cellular biologist 19-1029.03 geneticist 19-1029.04 biologist 19-1030 conservation scientist or forester 19-1031.00 conservation scientist 19-1031.02 range manager 19-1031.03 park naturalist 19-1032.00 forester 19-1040 medical scientist 19-1041.00 epidemiologist 19-1042.00 medical scientist, except epidemiologist 19-1090 miscellaneous life scientist 19-1099.00 life scientist, all other 19-2000 physical scientist 19-2010 astronomer or physicist 19-2011.00 astronomer 19-2012.00 physicist 19-2020 atmospheric or space scientist (broad) 19-2021.00 atmospheric or space scientist 19-2030 chemist or materials scientist 19-2031.00 chemist 19-2032.00 materials scientist 19-2040 environmental scientist or geoscientist 19-2041.00 environmental scientist or specialist, including health 19-2041.01 climate change policy analyst 19-2041.02 environmental restoration planner 19-2041.03 industrial ecologist 19-2042.00 geoscientist, except hydrologist or geographer 19-2043.00 hydrologist 19-2090 miscellaneous physical scientist 19-2099.00 physical scientist, all other 19-2099.01 remote sensing scientists or technologist 19-3000 social scientist or related worker 19-3010 economist (broad) 19-3011.00 economist 19-3011.01 environmental economist 19-3020 survey researcher (broad) 19-3022.00 survey researcher 19-3030 psychologist 19-3032.00 industrial-organizational psychologist 19-3033.00 clinical or counseling psychologist 19-3034.00 school psychologist 19-3039.00 psychologist, all other 19-3039.02 neuropsychologist 19-3039.03 clinical neuropsychologist 19-3040 sociologist (broad) 19-3041.00 sociologist 19-3050 urban or regional planner (broad) 19-3051.00 urban or regional planner 19-3090 miscellaneous social scientist or related worker 19-3091.00 anthropologist or archeologist 19-3092.00 geographer 19-3093.00 historian 19-3094.00 political scientist 19-3099.00 social scientist or related worker, all other 19-3099.01 transportation planner 19-4000 life, physical, or social science technician 19-4010 agricultural or food science technician 19-4012.00 agricultural technician 19-4012.01 precision agriculture technician 19-4013.00 food science technician 19-4020 biological technician (broad) 19-4021.00 biological technician 19-4030 chemical technician (broad) 19-4031.00 chemical technician 19-4040 environmental science or geoscience technician 19-4042.00 environmental science or protection technician, including health 19-4043.00 geological technician, except hydrologic technician 19-4044.00 hydrologic technician 19-4050 nuclear technician (broad) 19-4051.00 nuclear technician 19-4051.02 nuclear monitoring technician 19-4060 social science research assistant (broad) 19-4061.00 social science research assistant 19-4070 forest or conservation technician (broad) 19-4071.00 forest or conservation technician 19-4090 miscellaneous life, physical, or social science technician 19-4092.00 forensic science technician 19-4099.00 life, physical, or social science technician, all other 19-4099.01 quality control analyst 19-4099.03 remote sensing technician 19-5000 occupational health or safety specialist or technician (minor) 19-5010 occupational health or safety specialist or technician 19-5011.00 occupational health or safety specialist 19-5012.00 occupational health or safety technician 21-0000 community or social service occupation holder 21-1000 counselor, social worker, or other community or social service specialist 21-1010 counselor 21-1011.00 substance abuse or behavioral disorder counselor 21-1012.00 educational, guidance, or career counselor or advisor 21-1013.00 marriage or family therapist 21-1014.00 mental health counselor 21-1015.00 rehabilitation counselor 21-1019.00 counselor, all other 21-1020 social worker 21-1021.00 child, family, or school social worker 21-1022.00 healthcare social worker 21-1023.00 mental health or substance abuse social worker 21-1029.00 social worker, all other 21-1090 miscellaneous community or social service specialist 21-1091.00 health education specialist 21-1092.00 probation officers or correctional treatment specialist 21-1093.00 social or human service assistant 21-1094.00 community health worker 21-1099.00 community or social service specialist, all other 21-2000 religious worker 21-2010 clergy (broad) 21-2011.00 clergy 21-2020 director, religious activities or education (broad) 21-2021.00 director, religious activities or education 21-2090 miscellaneous religious worker 21-2099.00 religious worker, all other 23-0000 legal occupation 23-1000 lawyer, judge, or related worker 23-1010 lawyer or judicial law clerk 23-1011.00 lawyer 23-1012.00 judicial law clerk 23-1020 judge, magistrate, or other judicial worker 23-1021.00 administrative law judge, adjudicator, or hearing officer 23-1022.00 arbitrator, mediator, or conciliator 23-1023.00 judge, magistrate judge, or magistrate 23-2000 legal support worker 23-2010 paralegal or legal assistant (broad) 23-2011.00 paralegal or legal assistant 23-2090 miscellaneous legal support worker 23-2093.00 title examiner, abstractor, or searcher 23-2099.00 legal support worker, all other 25-0000 educational instruction or library occupation holder 25-1000 postsecondary teacher 25-1010 business teacher, postsecondary (broad) 25-1011.00 business teacher, postsecondary 25-1020 math or computer science teacher, postsecondary 25-1021.00 computer science teacher, postsecondary 25-1022.00 mathematical science teacher, postsecondary 25-1030 engineering or architecture teacher, postsecondary 25-1031.00 architecture teacher, postsecondary 25-1032.00 engineering teacher, postsecondary 25-1040 life sciences teacher, postsecondary 25-1041.00 agricultural sciences teacher, postsecondary 25-1042.00 biological science teacher, postsecondary 25-1043.00 forestry or conservation science teacher, postsecondary 25-1050 physical sciences teacher, postsecondary 25-1051.00 atmospheric, earth, marine, or space sciences teacher, postsecondary 25-1052.00 chemistry teacher, postsecondary 25-1053.00 environmental science teacher, postsecondary 25-1054.00 physics teacher, postsecondary 25-1060 social sciences teacher, postsecondary 25-1061.00 anthropology or archeology teacher, postsecondary 25-1062.00 area, ethnic, or cultural studies teacher, postsecondary 25-1063.00 economics teacher, postsecondary 25-1064.00 geography teacher, postsecondary 25-1065.00 political science teacher, postsecondary 25-1066.00 psychology teacher, postsecondary 25-1067.00 sociology teacher, postsecondary 25-1069.00 social sciences teacher, postsecondary, all other 25-1070 health teacher, postsecondary 25-1071.00 health specialties teacher, postsecondary 25-1072.00 nursing instructor or teacher, postsecondary 25-1080 education or library science teacher, postsecondary 25-1081.00 education teacher, postsecondary 25-1082.00 library science teacher, postsecondary 25-1110 law, criminal justice, or social work teacher, postsecondary 25-1111.00 criminal justice or law enforcement teacher, postsecondary 25-1112.00 law teacher, postsecondary 25-1113.00 social work teacher, postsecondary 25-1120 arts, communications, history, or humanities teacher, postsecondary 25-1121.00 art, drama, or music teacher, postsecondary 25-1122.00 communications teacher, postsecondary 25-1123.00 english language or literature teacher, postsecondary 25-1124.00 foreign language or literature teacher, postsecondary 25-1125.00 history teacher, postsecondary 25-1126.00 philosophy or religion teacher, postsecondary 25-1190 miscellaneous postsecondary teacher 25-1192.00 family or consumer sciences teacher, postsecondary 25-1193.00 recreation or fitness studies teacher, postsecondary 25-1194.00 career/technical education teacher, postsecondary 25-1199.00 postsecondary teacher, all other 25-2000 preschool, elementary, middle, secondary, or special education teacher 25-2010 preschool or Kindergarten teacher 25-2011.00 preschool teacher, except special education 25-2012.00 kindergarten teacher, except special education 25-2020 elementary or middle school teacher 25-2021.00 elementary school teacher, except special education 25-2022.00 middle school teacher, except special or career/technical education 25-2023.00 career/technical education teacher, middle school 25-2030 secondary school teacher 25-2031.00 secondary school teacher, except special or career/technical education 25-2032.00 career/technical education teacher, secondary school 25-2050 special education teacher 25-2051.00 special education teacher, preschool 25-2055.00 special education teacher, kindergarten 25-2056.00 special education teacher, elementary school 25-2057.00 special education teacher, middle school 25-2058.00 special education teacher, secondary school 25-2059.00 special education teacher, all other 25-2059.01 adapted physical education specialist 25-3000 other teacher or instructor 25-3010 adult basic education, adult secondary education, or english as a second language instructor (broad) 25-3011.00 adult basic education, adult secondary education, or english as a second language instructor 25-3020 self-enrichment teacher (broad) 25-3021.00 self-enrichment teacher 25-3030 substitute teacher, short-term (broad) 25-3031.00 substitute teacher, short-term 25-3040 tutor (broad) 25-3041.00 tutor 25-3090 miscellaneous teacher or instructor 25-3099.00 teacher or instructor, all other 25-4000 librarian, curator, or archivist 25-4010 archivist, curator, or museum technician 25-4011.00 archivist 25-4012.00 curator 25-4013.00 museum technician or conservator 25-4020 librarian or media collections specialist 25-4022.00 librarians or media collections specialist 25-4030 library technician (broad) 25-4031.00 library technician 25-9000 other educational instruction or library occupation 25-9020 farm or home management educator (broad) 25-9021.00 farm or home management educator 25-9030 instructional coordinator (broad) 25-9031.00 instructional coordinator 25-9040 teaching assistant 25-9042.00 teaching assistant, preschool, elementary, middle, or secondary school, except special education 25-9043.00 teaching assistant, special education 25-9044.00 teaching assistant, postsecondary 25-9049.00 teaching assistant, all other 25-9090 miscellaneous educational instruction or library worker 25-9099.00 educational instruction or library worker, all other 27-0000 arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupation holder 27-1000 art or design worker 27-1010 artist or related worker 27-1011.00 art director 27-1012.00 craft artist 27-1013.00 fine artist, including painter, sculptor, or illustrator 27-1014.00 special effects artist or animator 27-1019.00 artist or related worker, all other 27-1020 designer 27-1021.00 commercial or industrial designer 27-1022.00 fashion designer 27-1023.00 floral designer 27-1024.00 graphic designer 27-1025.00 interior designer 27-1026.00 merchandise displayer or window trimmer 27-1027.00 set or exhibit designer 27-1029.00 designer, all other 27-2000 entertainer or performer, sports or related worker 27-2010 actor, producer, or director 27-2011.00 actor 27-2012.00 producer or director 27-2012.03 media programming director 27-2012.04 talent director 27-2012.05 media technical directors/manager 27-2020 athlete, coache, umpire, or related worker 27-2021.00 athlete or sports competitor 27-2022.00 coach or scout 27-2023.00 umpire, referee, or other sports official 27-2030 dancer or choreographer 27-2031.00 dancer 27-2032.00 choreographer 27-2040 musician, singer, or related worker 27-2041.00 music director or composer 27-2042.00 musician or singer 27-2090 miscellaneous entertainer or performer, sports or related worker 27-2091.00 disc jockey, except radio 27-2099.00 entertainer or performer, sports or related worker, all other 27-3000 media or communication worker 27-3010 broadcast announcer or radio disc jockey (broad) 27-3011.00 broadcast announcer or radio disc jockey 27-3020 news analyst, reporter or journalist 27-3023.00 news analyst, reporter, or journalist 27-3030 public relations specialist (broad) 27-3031.00 public relations specialist 27-3040 writer or editor 27-3041.00 editor 27-3042.00 technical writer 27-3043.00 writer or author 27-3043.05 poet, lyricist or creative writer 27-3090 miscellaneous media or communication worker 27-3091.00 interpreter or translator 27-3092.00 court reporter or simultaneous captioner 27-3099.00 media or communication worker, all other 27-4000 media or communication equipment worker 27-4010 broadcast, sound, or lighting technician 27-4011.00 audio or video technician 27-4012.00 broadcast technician 27-4014.00 sound engineering technician 27-4015.00 lighting technician 27-4020 photographer (broad) 27-4021.00 photographer 27-4030 television, video, or film camera operator or editor 27-4031.00 camera operator, television, video, or film 27-4032.00 film or video editor 27-4090 miscellaneous media or communication equipment worker 27-4099.00 media or communication equipment worker, all other 29-0000 healthcare practitioner or technical occupation holder 29-1000 healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioner 29-1010 chiropractor (broad) 29-1011.00 chiropractor 29-1020 dentist 29-1021.00 dentist, general 29-1022.00 oral or maxillofacial surgeon 29-1023.00 orthodontist 29-1024.00 prosthodontist 29-1029.00 dentist, all other specialist 29-1030 dietitian or nutritionist (broad) 29-1031.00 dietitian or nutritionist 29-1040 optometrist (broad) 29-1041.00 optometrist 29-1050 pharmacist (broad) 29-1051.00 pharmacist 29-1070 physician assistant (broad) 29-1071.00 physician assistant 29-1071.01 anesthesiologist assistant 29-1080 podiatrist (broad) 29-1081.00 podiatrist 29-1120 therapist 29-1122.00 occupational therapist 29-1122.01 low vision therapist, orientation or mobility specialist, or vision rehabilitation therapist 29-1123.00 physical therapist 29-1124.00 radiation therapist 29-1125.00 recreational therapist 29-1126.00 respiratory therapist 29-1127.00 speech-language pathologist 29-1128.00 exercise physiologist 29-1129.00 therapist, all other 29-1129.01 art therapist 29-1129.02 music therapist 29-1130 veterinarian (broad) 29-1131.00 veterinarian 29-1140 registered nurse 29-1141.00 general-purpose registered nurse 29-1141.01 acute care nurse 29-1141.02 advanced practice psychiatric nurse 29-1141.03 critical care nurse 29-1141.04 clinical nurse specialist 29-1150 nurse anesthetist (broad) 29-1151.00 nurse anesthetist 29-1160 nurse midwife 29-1161.00 nurse midwive 29-1170 nurse practitioner (broad) 29-1171.00 nurse practitioner 29-1180 audiologist (broad) 29-1181.00 audiologist 29-1210 physician 29-1211.00 anesthesiologist 29-1212.00 cardiologist 29-1213.00 dermatologist 29-1214.00 emergency medicine physician 29-1215.00 family medicine physician 29-1216.00 general internal medicine physician 29-1217.00 neurologist 29-1218.00 obstetrician or gynecologist 29-1221.00 pediatrician, general 29-1222.00 physician, pathologist 29-1223.00 psychiatrist 29-1224.00 radiologist 29-1229.00 physician, all other 29-1229.01 allergist or immunologist 29-1229.02 hospitalist 29-1229.03 urologist 29-1229.04 physical medicine or rehabilitation physician 29-1229.05 preventive medicine physician 29-1229.06 sports medicine physician 29-1240 surgeon 29-1241.00 ophthalmologist, except pediatric 29-1242.00 orthopedic surgeon, except pediatric 29-1243.00 pediatric surgeon 29-1249.00 surgeon, all other 29-1290 miscellaneous healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioner 29-1291.00 acupuncturist 29-1292.00 dental hygienist 29-1299.00 healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioner, all other 29-1299.01 naturopathic physician 29-1299.02 orthoptist 29-2000 health technologist or technician 29-2010 clinical laboratory technologist or technician 29-2011.00 medical or clinical laboratory technologist 29-2011.01 cytogenetic technologist 29-2011.02 cytotechnologist 29-2011.04 histotechnologist 29-2012.00 medical or clinical laboratory technician 29-2012.01 histology technician 29-2030 diagnostic related technologist or technician 29-2031.00 cardiovascular technologist or technician 29-2032.00 diagnostic medical sonographer 29-2033.00 nuclear medicine technologist 29-2034.00 radiologic technologist or technician 29-2035.00 magnetic resonance imaging technologist 29-2036.00 medical dosimetrist 29-2040 emergency medical technician or paramedics 29-2042.00 emergency medical technician 29-2043.00 paramedic 29-2050 health practitioner support technologist or technician 29-2051.00 dietetic technician 29-2052.00 pharmacy technician 29-2053.00 psychiatric technician 29-2055.00 surgical technologist 29-2056.00 veterinary technologist or technician 29-2057.00 ophthalmic medical technician 29-2060 licensed practical or licensed vocational nurses 29-2061.00 licensed practical or licensed vocational nurse 29-2070 medical records specialist (broad) 29-2072.00 medical records specialist 29-2080 optician, dispensing (broad) 29-2081.00 optician, dispensing 29-2090 miscellaneous health technologist or technician 29-2091.00 orthotist or prosthetist 29-2092.00 hearing aid specialist 29-2099.00 health technologist or technician, all other 29-2099.01 neurodiagnostic technologist 29-2099.05 ophthalmic medical technologist 29-2099.08 patient representative 29-9000 other healthcare practitioner or technical occupation 29-9020 health information technologist or medical registrar (broad) 29-9021.00 health information technologist or medical registrar 29-9090 miscellaneous health practitioner or technical worker 29-9091.00 athletic trainer 29-9092.00 genetic counselor 29-9093.00 surgical assistant 29-9099.00 healthcare practitioner or technical worker, all other 29-9099.01 midwive 31-0000 healthcare support occupation 31-1100 home health or personal care aide; or nursing assistant, orderly, or psychiatric aide 31-1120 home health or personal care aide 31-1121.00 home health aide 31-1122.00 personal care aide 31-1130 nursing assistant, orderly, or psychiatric aide 31-1131.00 nursing assistant 31-1132.00 orderly 31-1133.00 psychiatric aide 31-2000 occupational therapy or physical therapist assistant or aide 31-2010 occupational therapy assistant or aide 31-2011.00 occupational therapy assistant 31-2012.00 occupational therapy aide 31-2020 physical therapist assistant or aide 31-2021.00 physical therapist assistant 31-2022.00 physical therapist aide 31-9000 other healthcare support occupation 31-9010 massage therapist (broad) 31-9011.00 massage therapist 31-9090 miscellaneous healthcare support occupation 31-9091.00 dental assistant 31-9092.00 medical assistant 31-9093.00 medical equipment preparer 31-9094.00 medical transcriptionist 31-9095.00 pharmacy aide 31-9096.00 veterinary assistant or laboratory animal caretaker 31-9097.00 phlebotomist 31-9099.00 healthcare support worker, all other 31-9099.01 speech-language pathology assistant 31-9099.02 endoscopy technician 33-0000 protective service occupation 33-1000 supervisor of protective service worker 33-1010 first-line supervisor of law enforcement worker 33-1011.00 first-line supervisor of correctional officer 33-1012.00 first-line supervisor of police or detective 33-1020 first-line supervisor of firefighting or prevention worker (broad) 33-1021.00 first-line supervisor of firefighting or prevention worker 33-1090 miscellaneous first-line supervisor, protective service worker 33-1091.00 first-line supervisor of security worker 33-1099.00 first-line supervisor of protective service worker, all other 33-2000 firefighting or prevention worker 33-2010 firefighter (broad) 33-2011.00 firefighter 33-2020 fire inspector 33-2021.00 fire inspector or investigator 33-2022.00 forest fire inspector or prevention specialist 33-3000 law enforcement worker 33-3010 bailiff, correctional officer, or jailer 33-3011.00 bailiff 33-3012.00 correctional officer or jailer 33-3020 detective or criminal investigator (broad) 33-3021.00 detective or criminal investigator 33-3021.02 police identification or records officer 33-3021.06 intelligence analyst 33-3030 fish or game warden (broad) 33-3031.00 fish or game warden 33-3040 parking enforcement worker (broad) 33-3041.00 parking enforcement worker 33-3050 police officer 33-3051.00 police or sheriff's patrol officer 33-3051.04 customs or border protection officer 33-3052.00 transit or railroad police 33-9000 other protective service worker 33-9010 animal control worker (broad) 33-9011.00 animal control worker 33-9020 private detective or investigator (broad) 33-9021.00 private detective or investigator 33-9030 security guard or gambling surveillance officer 33-9031.00 gambling surveillance officer or gambling investigator 33-9032.00 security guard 33-9090 miscellaneous protective service worker 33-9091.00 crossing guard or flagger 33-9092.00 lifeguard, ski patrol, or other recreational protective service worker 33-9093.00 transportation security screener 33-9094.00 school bus monitor 33-9099.00 protective service worker, all other 33-9099.02 retail loss prevention specialist 35-0000 food preparation or serving related occupation holder 35-1000 supervisor of food preparation or serving worker (minor) 35-1010 supervisor of food preparation or serving worker 35-1011.00 chef or head cook 35-1012.00 first-line supervisor of food preparation or serving worker 35-2000 cook or food preparation worker 35-2010 cook 35-2011.00 cook, fast food 35-2012.00 cook, institution or cafeteria 35-2013.00 cook, private household 35-2014.00 cook, restaurant 35-2015.00 cook, short order 35-2019.00 cook, all other 35-2020 food preparation worker (broad) 35-2021.00 food preparation worker 35-3000 food or beverage serving worker 35-3010 bartender (broad) 35-3011.00 bartender 35-3020 fast food or counter worker (broad) 35-3023.00 fast food or counter worker 35-3023.01 barista 35-3030 waiter or waitress (broad) 35-3031.00 waiter or waitress 35-3040 food server, nonrestaurant (broad) 35-3041.00 food server, nonrestaurant 35-9000 other food preparation or serving related worker 35-9010 dining room or cafeteria attendant or bartender helper (broad) 35-9011.00 dining room or cafeteria attendant or bartender helper 35-9020 dishwasher (broad) 35-9021.00 dishwasher 35-9030 host or hostess, restaurant, lounge, or coffee shop (broad) 35-9031.00 host or hostess, restaurant, lounge, or coffee shop 35-9090 miscellaneous food preparation or serving related worker 35-9099.00 food preparation or serving related worker, all other 37-0000 building and grounds cleaning or maintenance occupation holder 37-1000 supervisor of building or grounds cleaning or maintenance worker 37-1010 first-line supervisor of building or grounds cleaning or maintenance worker 37-1011.00 first-line supervisor of housekeeping or janitorial worker 37-1012.00 first-line supervisor of landscaping, lawn service, or groundskeeping worker 37-2000 building cleaning or pest control worker 37-2010 building cleaning worker 37-2011.00 janitor or cleaner, except maids or housekeeping cleaner 37-2012.00 maid or housekeeping cleaner 37-2019.00 building cleaning worker, all other 37-2020 pest control worker (broad) 37-2021.00 pest control worker 37-3000 grounds maintenance worker (minor) 37-3010 grounds maintenance worker 37-3011.00 landscaping or groundskeeping worker 37-3012.00 pesticide handler, sprayer, or applicator, vegetation 37-3013.00 tree trimmer or pruner 37-3019.00 grounds maintenance worker, all other 39-0000 personal care or service occupation 39-1000 supervisor of personal care or service worker 39-1010 first-line supervisor of entertainment or recreation worker 39-1013.00 first-line supervisor of gambling services worker 39-1014.00 first-line supervisor of entertainment or recreation worker, except gambling service 39-1020 first-line supervisor of personal service worker (broad) 39-1022.00 first-line supervisor of personal service worker 39-2000 animal care or service worker 39-2010 animal trainer (broad) 39-2011.00 animal trainer 39-2020 animal caretaker (broad) 39-2021.00 animal caretaker 39-3000 entertainment attendant or related worker 39-3010 gambling services worker 39-3011.00 gambling dealer 39-3012.00 gambling or sports book writer or runner 39-3019.00 gambling service worker, all other 39-3020 motion picture projectionist (broad) 39-3021.00 motion picture projectionist 39-3030 usher, lobby attendant, or ticket taker (broad) 39-3031.00 usher, lobby attendant, or ticket taker 39-3090 miscellaneous entertainment attendant or related worker 39-3091.00 amusement or recreation attendant 39-3092.00 costume attendant 39-3093.00 locker room, coatroom, or dressing room attendant 39-3099.00 entertainment attendant or related worker, all other 39-4000 funeral service worker 39-4010 embalmer or crematory operator 39-4011.00 embalmer 39-4012.00 crematory operator 39-4020 funeral attendant (broad) 39-4021.00 funeral attendant 39-4030 mortician, undertaker, or funeral arranger (broad) 39-4031.00 mortician, undertaker, or funeral arranger 39-5000 personal appearance worker 39-5010 barber, hairdresser, hairstylist or cosmetologist 39-5011.00 barber 39-5012.00 hairdresser, hairstylist, or cosmetologist 39-5090 miscellaneous personal appearance worker 39-5091.00 makeup artist, theatrical or performance 39-5092.00 manicurist or pedicurist 39-5093.00 shampooer 39-5094.00 skincare specialist 39-6000 baggage porter, bellhop, or concierge (minor) 39-6010 baggage porter, bellhop, or concierge 39-6011.00 baggage porter or bellhop 39-6012.00 concierge 39-7000 tour or travel guide (minor) 39-7010 tour or travel guides 39-7011.00 tour guide or escort 39-7012.00 travel guide 39-9000 other personal care or service worker 39-9010 childcare worker (broad) 39-9011.00 childcare worker 39-9011.01 nanny 39-9030 recreation or fitness worker 39-9031.00 exercise trainer or group fitness instructor 39-9032.00 recreation worker 39-9040 residential advisor (broad) 39-9041.00 residential advisor 39-9090 miscellaneous personal care or service worker 39-9099.00 personal care or service worker, all other 41-0000 sales or related occupation 41-1000 supervisor of sales worker 41-1010 first-line supervisor of sales worker 41-1011.00 first-line supervisor of retail sales worker 41-1012.00 first-line supervisor of non-retail sales worker 41-2000 retail sales worker 41-2010 cashier (broad) 41-2011.00 cashier 41-2012.00 gambling change person or booth cashier 41-2020 counter or rental clerk or parts salesperson 41-2021.00 counter or rental clerk 41-2022.00 parts salesperson 41-2030 retail salesperson (broad) 41-2031.00 retail salesperson 41-3000 sales representative of services 41-3010 advertising sales agent (broad) 41-3011.00 advertising sales agent 41-3020 insurance sales agent (broad) 41-3021.00 insurance sales agent 41-3030 securities, commodities, or financial services sales agent (broad) 41-3031.00 securities, commodities, or financial services sales agent 41-3040 travel agent (broad) 41-3041.00 travel agent 41-3090 miscellaneous sales representative, services 41-3091.00 sales representative of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, or travel 41-4000 sales representative in wholesale or manufacturing (minor) 41-4010 sales representative, wholesale or manufacturing 41-4011.00 sales representative, wholesale or manufacturing, technical or scientific product 41-4011.07 solar sales representative or assessor 41-4012.00 sales representative, wholesale or manufacturing, except technical or scientific product 41-9000 other sales or related worker 41-9010 model, demonstrator, or product promoter 41-9011.00 demonstrator or product promoter 41-9012.00 model 41-9020 real estate broker or sales agent 41-9021.00 real estate broker 41-9022.00 real estate sales agent 41-9030 sales engineer (broad) 41-9031.00 sales engineer 41-9040 telemarketer (broad) 41-9041.00 telemarketer 41-9090 miscellaneous sales or related worker 41-9091.00 door-to-door sales worker, news or street vendors, 41-9099.00 sales or related worker, all other 43-0000 office or administrative support occupation 43-1000 supervisor of office or administrative support worker 43-1010 first-line supervisor of office or administrative support worker (broad) 43-1011.00 first-line supervisor of office or administrative support worker 43-2000 communications equipment operator 43-2010 switchboard operator, including answering service (broad) 43-2011.00 switchboard operator, including answering service 43-2020 telephone operator (broad) 43-2021.00 telephone operator 43-2090 miscellaneous communications equipment operator 43-2099.00 communications equipment operator, all other 43-3000 financial clerk 43-3010 bill or account collector (broad) 43-3011.00 bill or account collector 43-3020 billing or posting clerk (broad) 43-3021.00 billing or posting clerk 43-3030 bookkeeping, accounting, or auditing clerk (broad) 43-3031.00 bookkeeping, accounting, or auditing clerk 43-3040 gambling cage worker (broad) 43-3041.00 gambling cage worker 43-3050 payroll or timekeeping clerk (broad) 43-3051.00 payroll or timekeeping clerk 43-3060 procurement clerk (broad) 43-3061.00 procurement clerk 43-3070 teller (broad) 43-3071.00 teller 43-3090 miscellaneous financial clerk 43-3099.00 financial clerk, all other 43-4000 information or record clerk 43-4010 brokerage clerk (broad) 43-4011.00 brokerage clerk 43-4020 correspondence clerk (broad) 43-4021.00 correspondence clerk 43-4030 court, municipal, or license clerk (broad) 43-4031.00 court, municipal, or license clerk 43-4040 credit authorizer, checker, or clerk (broad) 43-4041.00 credit authorizer, checker, or clerk 43-4050 customer service representative (broad) 43-4051.00 customer service representative 43-4060 eligibility interviewer, government programs 43-4061.00 eligibility interviewer, government program 43-4070 file clerk (broad) 43-4071.00 file clerk 43-4080 hotel, motel, or resort desk clerk (broad) 43-4081.00 hotel, motel, or resort desk clerk 43-4110 interviewer, except eligibility or loan (broad) 43-4111.00 interviewer, except eligibility or loan 43-4120 library assistant, clerical (broad) 43-4121.00 library assistant, clerical 43-4130 loan interviewer or clerk (broad) 43-4131.00 loan interviewer or clerk 43-4140 new accounts clerk (broad) 43-4141.00 new accounts clerk 43-4150 order clerk (broad) 43-4151.00 order clerk 43-4160 human resources assistant, except payroll or timekeeping (broad) 43-4161.00 human resources assistant, except payroll or timekeeping 43-4170 receptionist or information clerk (broad) 43-4171.00 receptionist or information clerk 43-4180 reservation or transportation ticket agent or travel clerk (broad) 43-4181.00 reservation or transportation ticket agent or travel clerk 43-4190 miscellaneous information or record clerk 43-4199.00 information or record clerk, all other 43-5000 material recording, scheduling, dispatching, or distributing worker 43-5010 cargo or freight agent (broad) 43-5011.00 cargo or freight agent 43-5011.01 freight forwarder 43-5020 courier or messenger (broad) 43-5021.00 courier or messenger 43-5030 dispatcher 43-5031.00 public safety telecommunicator 43-5032.00 dispatcher, except police, fire, or ambulance 43-5040 meter reader, utilities (broad) 43-5041.00 meter reader, utilities 43-5050 postal service worker 43-5051.00 postal service clerk 43-5052.00 postal service mail carrier 43-5053.00 postal service mail sorter, processor, or processing machine operator 43-5060 production, planning, or expediting clerk (broad) 43-5061.00 production, planning, or expediting clerk 43-5070 shipping, receiving, or inventory clerk (broad) 43-5071.00 shipping, receiving, or inventory clerk 43-5110 weigher, measurer, checker, or sampler, recordkeeping (broad) 43-5111.00 weigher, measurer, checker, or sampler, recordkeeping 43-6000 secretary or administrative assistant (minor) 43-6010 secretary or administrative assistant 43-6011.00 executive secretary or executive administrative assistant 43-6012.00 legal secretary or administrative assistant 43-6013.00 medical secretary or administrative assistant 43-6014.00 secretary or administrative assistant, except legal, medical, or executive 43-9000 other office or administrative support worker 43-9020 data entry or information processing worker 43-9021.00 data entry keyer 43-9022.00 word processor or typist 43-9030 desktop publisher (broad) 43-9031.00 desktop publisher 43-9040 insurance claims or policy processing clerk (broad) 43-9041.00 insurance claims or policy processing clerk 43-9050 mail clerk or mail machine operator, except postal service (broad) 43-9051.00 mail clerk or mail machine operator, except postal service 43-9060 office clerk, general (broad) 43-9061.00 office clerk, general 43-9070 office machine operator, except computer (broad) 43-9071.00 office machine operator, except computer 43-9080 proofreader or copy marker (broad) 43-9081.00 proofreader or copy marker 43-9110 statistical assistant (broad) 43-9111.00 statistical assistant 43-9190 miscellaneous office or administrative support worker 43-9199.00 office or administrative support worker, all other 45-0000 farming, fishing, or forestry occupation holder 45-1000 supervisor of farming, fishing, or forestry worker 45-1010 first-line supervisor of farming, fishing, or forestry worker (broad) 45-1011.00 first-line supervisor of farming, fishing, or forestry worker 45-2000 agricultural worker 45-2010 agricultural inspector (broad) 45-2011.00 agricultural inspector 45-2020 animal breeder (broad) 45-2021.00 animal breeder 45-2040 grader or sorter, agricultural products (broad) 45-2041.00 grader or sorter, agricultural products 45-2090 miscellaneous agricultural worker 45-2091.00 agricultural equipment operator 45-2092.00 farmworker or laborer, crop, nursery, or greenhouse 45-2093.00 farmworker, farm, ranch, or aquacultural animal 45-2099.00 agricultural worker, all other 45-3000 fishing or hunting worker (minor) 45-3030 fishing or hunting worker (broad) 45-3031.00 fishing or hunting worker 45-4000 forest, conservation, or logging worker 45-4010 forest or conservation worker (broad) 45-4011.00 forest or conservation worker 45-4020 logging worker 45-4021.00 faller 45-4022.00 logging equipment operator 45-4023.00 log grader or scaler 45-4029.00 logging worker, all other 47-0000 construction or extraction occupation holder 47-1000 supervisor of construction or extraction worker 47-1010 first-line supervisor of construction trades or extraction worker (broad) 47-1011.00 first-line supervisor of construction trades or extraction worker 47-1011.03 solar energy installation manager 47-2000 construction trades worker 47-2010 boilermaker (broad) 47-2011.00 boilermaker 47-2020 brickmason, blockmason, or stonemason 47-2021.00 brickmason or blockmason 47-2022.00 stonemason 47-2030 carpenter (broad) 47-2031.00 carpenter 47-2040 carpet, floor, or tile installer or finisher 47-2041.00 carpet installer 47-2042.00 floor layer, except carpet, wood, or hard tile 47-2043.00 floor sander or finisher 47-2044.00 tile or stone setter 47-2050 cement mason, concrete finisher, or terrazzo worker 47-2051.00 cement mason or concrete finisher 47-2053.00 terrazzo worker or finisher 47-2060 construction laborer (broad) 47-2061.00 construction laborer 47-2070 construction equipment operator 47-2071.00 paving, surfacing, or tamping equipment operator 47-2072.00 pile driver operator 47-2073.00 operating engineer or other construction equipment operator 47-2080 drywall installer, ceiling tile installer, or taper 47-2081.00 drywall or ceiling tile installer 47-2082.00 taper 47-2110 electrician (broad) 47-2111.00 electrician 47-2120 glazier (broad) 47-2121.00 glazier 47-2130 insulation worker 47-2131.00 insulation worker, floor, ceiling, or wall 47-2132.00 insulation worker, mechanical 47-2140 painter or paperhanger 47-2141.00 painter, construction or maintenance 47-2142.00 paperhanger 47-2150 pipelayer, plumber, pipefitter, or steamfitter 47-2151.00 pipelayer 47-2152.00 plumber, pipefitter, or steamfitter 47-2152.04 solar thermal installer or technician 47-2160 plasterer or stucco mason (broad) 47-2161.00 plasterer or stucco mason 47-2170 reinforcing iron or rebar worker (broad) 47-2171.00 reinforcing iron or rebar worker 47-2180 roofer (broad) 47-2181.00 roofer 47-2210 sheet metal worker (broad) 47-2211.00 sheet metal worker 47-2220 structural iron or steel worker (broad) 47-2221.00 structural iron or steel worker 47-2230 solar photovoltaic installer (broad) 47-2231.00 solar photovoltaic installer 47-3000 helper, construction trades (minor) 47-3010 helper, construction trades 47-3011.00 helper-brickmason, blockmason, stonemason, or tile or marble setter 47-3012.00 helpers--carpenter 47-3013.00 helpers--electrician 47-3014.00 helpers--painter, paperhanger, plasterer, or stucco mason 47-3015.00 helpers--pipelayer, plumber, pipefitter, or steamfitter 47-3016.00 helpers--roofer 47-3019.00 helper, construction trades, all other 47-4000 other construction or related worker 47-4010 construction or building inspector (broad) 47-4011.00 construction or building inspector 47-4011.01 energy auditor 47-4020 elevator or escalator installer or repairer (broad) 47-4021.00 elevator or escalator installer or repairer 47-4030 fence erector (broad) 47-4031.00 fence erector 47-4040 hazardous materials removal worker (broad) 47-4041.00 hazardous materials removal worker 47-4050 highway maintenance worker (broad) 47-4051.00 highway maintenance worker 47-4060 rail-track laying or maintenance equipment operator (broad) 47-4061.00 rail-track laying or maintenance equipment operator 47-4070 septic tank servicer or sewer pipe cleaner (broad) 47-4071.00 septic tank servicer or sewer pipe cleaner 47-4090 miscellaneous construction or related worker 47-4091.00 segmental paver 47-4099.00 construction or related worker, all other 47-4099.03 weatherization installer or technician 47-5000 extraction worker 47-5010 derrick, rotary drill, or service unit operator, oil or gas 47-5011.00 derrick operator, oil or ga 47-5012.00 rotary drill operator, oil or ga 47-5013.00 service unit operator, oil or ga 47-5020 surface mining machine operator or earth driller 47-5022.00 excavating or loading machine or dragline operator, surface mining 47-5023.00 earth driller, except oil or ga 47-5030 explosives worker, ordnance handling expert, or blaster (broad) 47-5032.00 explosives worker, ordnance handling expert, or blaster 47-5040 underground mining machine operator 47-5041.00 continuous mining machine operator 47-5043.00 roof bolter, mining 47-5044.00 loading or moving machine operator, underground mining 47-5049.00 underground mining machine operator, all other 47-5050 rock splitter, quarry (broad) 47-5051.00 rock splitter, quarry 47-5070 roustabout, oil or gas 47-5071.00 roustabout, oil or ga 47-5080 helper--extraction worker 47-5081.00 helpers--extraction worker 47-5090 miscellaneous extraction worker 47-5099.00 extraction worker, all other 49-0000 installation, maintenance, or repair occupation 49-1000 supervisor of installation, maintenance, or repair worker 49-1010 first-line supervisor of mechanic, installer, or repairer 49-1011.00 first-line supervisor of mechanics, installer, or repairer 49-2000 electrical or electronic equipment mechanic, installer, or repairer 49-2010 computer, automated teller, or office machine repairer (broad) 49-2011.00 computer, automated teller, or office machine repairer 49-2020 radio or telecommunications equipment installer or repairer 49-2021.00 radio, cellular, or tower equipment installer or repairer 49-2022.00 telecommunications equipment installer or repairer, except line installer 49-2090 miscellaneous electrical or electronic equipment mechanic, installer, or repairer 49-2091.00 avionics technician 49-2092.00 electric motor, power tool, or related repairer 49-2093.00 electrical or electronics installer or repairer, transportation equipment 49-2094.00 electrical or electronics repairer, commercial or industrial equipment 49-2095.00 electrical or electronics repairer, powerhouse, substation, or relay 49-2096.00 electronic equipment installer or repairer, motor vehicle 49-2097.00 audiovisual equipment installer or repairer 49-2098.00 security or fire alarm systems installer 49-3000 vehicle or mobile equipment mechanic, installer, or repairer 49-3010 aircraft mechanic or service technician 49-3011.00 aircraft mechanics or service technician 49-3020 automotive technician or repairer 49-3021.00 automotive body or related repairer 49-3022.00 automotive glass installer or repairer 49-3023.00 automotive service technician or mechanic 49-3030 bus or truck mechanic or diesel engine specialist (broad) 49-3031.00 bus or truck mechanic or diesel engine specialist 49-3040 heavy vehicle or mobile equipment service technician or mechanic 49-3041.00 farm equipment mechanic or service technician 49-3042.00 mobile heavy equipment mechanic, except engine 49-3043.00 rail car repairer 49-3050 small engine mechanic 49-3051.00 motorboat mechanic or service technician 49-3052.00 motorcycle mechanic 49-3053.00 outdoor power equipment or other small engine mechanic 49-3090 miscellaneous vehicle or mobile equipment mechanic, installer, or repairer 49-3091.00 bicycle repairer 49-3092.00 recreational vehicle service technician 49-3093.00 tire repairer or changer 49-9000 other installation, maintenance, or repair occupation 49-9010 control or valve installer or repairer 49-9011.00 mechanical door repairer 49-9012.00 control or valve installer or repairer, except mechanical door 49-9020 heating, air conditioning, or refrigeration mechanic or installer 49-9021.00 heating, air conditioning, or refrigeration mechanics or installer 49-9030 home appliance repairer (broad) 49-9031.00 home appliance repairer 49-9040 industrial machinery installation, repair, or maintenance worker 49-9041.00 industrial machinery mechanic 49-9043.00 maintenance worker, machinery 49-9044.00 millwright 49-9045.00 refractory materials repairer, except brickmason 49-9050 line installer or repairer 49-9051.00 electrical power-line installer or repairer 49-9052.00 telecommunications line installer or repairer 49-9060 precision instrument or equipment repairer 49-9061.00 camera or photographic equipment repairer 49-9062.00 medical equipment repairer 49-9063.00 musical instrument repairer or tuner 49-9064.00 watch or clock repairer 49-9069.00 precision instrument or equipment repairer, all other 49-9070 maintenance or repair worker, general (broad) 49-9071.00 maintenance or repair worker, general 49-9080 wind turbine service technician (broad) 49-9081.00 wind turbine service technician 49-9090 miscellaneous installation, maintenance, or repair worker 49-9091.00 coin, vending, or amusement machine servicer or repairer 49-9092.00 commercial diver 49-9094.00 locksmith or safe repairer 49-9095.00 manufactured building or mobile home installer 49-9096.00 rigger 49-9097.00 signal or track switch repairer 49-9098.00 helpers--installation, maintenance, or repair worker 49-9099.00 installation, maintenance, or repair worker, all other 49-9099.01 geothermal technician 51-0000 production occupation 51-1000 supervisor of production worker 51-1010 first-line supervisor of production or operating worker (broad) 51-1011.00 first-line supervisor of production or operating worker 51-2000 assembler or fabricator 51-2010 aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, or systems assembler (broad) 51-2011.00 aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, or systems assembler 51-2020 electrical, electronics, or electromechanical assembler 51-2021.00 coil winder, taper, or finisher 51-2022.00 electrical or electronic equipment assembler 51-2023.00 electromechanical equipment assembler 51-2030 engine or other machine assembler (broad) 51-2031.00 engine or other machine assembler 51-2040 structural metal fabricator or fitter (broad) 51-2041.00 structural metal fabricator or fitter 51-2050 fiberglass laminator or fabricator (broad) 51-2051.00 fiberglass laminator or fabricator 51-2060 timing device assembler or adjuster (broad) 51-2061.00 timing device assembler or adjuster 51-2090 miscellaneous assembler or fabricator 51-2092.00 team assembler 51-2099.00 assembler or fabricator, all other 51-3000 food processing worker 51-3010 baker (broad) 51-3011.00 baker 51-3020 butcher or other meat, poultry, or fish processing worker 51-3021.00 butcher or meat cutter 51-3022.00 meat, poultry, or fish cutter or trimmer 51-3023.00 slaughterer or meat packer 51-3090 miscellaneous food processing worker 51-3091.00 food or tobacco roasting, baking, or drying machine operator or tender 51-3092.00 food batchmaker 51-3093.00 food cooking machine operator or tender 51-3099.00 food processing worker, all other 51-4000 metal worker or plastic worker 51-4020 forming machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4021.00 extruding or drawing machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4022.00 forging machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4023.00 rolling machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4030 machine tool cutting setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4031.00 cutting, punching, or press machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4032.00 drilling or boring machine tool setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4033.00 grinding, lapping, polishing, or buffing machine tool setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4034.00 lathe or turning machine tool setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4035.00 milling or planing machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4040 machinist (broad) 51-4041.00 machinist 51-4050 metal furnace operator, tender, pourer, or caster 51-4051.00 metal-refining furnace operator or tender 51-4052.00 pourer or caster, metal 51-4060 model maker or patternmaker, metal or plastic 51-4061.00 model maker, metal or plastic 51-4062.00 patternmaker, metal or plastic 51-4070 molder or molding machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4071.00 foundry mold or coremaker 51-4072.00 molding, coremaking, or casting machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4080 multiple machine tool setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic (broad) 51-4081.00 multiple machine tool setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4110 tool or die maker (broad) 51-4111.00 tool or die maker 51-4120 welding, soldering, or brazing worker 51-4121.00 welder, cutter, solderer, or brazer 51-4122.00 welding, soldering, or brazing machine setter, operator, or tender 51-4190 miscellaneous metal worker or plastic worker 51-4191.00 heat treating equipment setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4192.00 layout worker, metal or plastic 51-4193.00 plating machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic 51-4194.00 tool grinder, filer, or sharpener 51-4199.00 metal worker or plastic worker, all other 51-5100 printing worker (minor) 51-5110 printing worker 51-5111.00 prepress technician or worker 51-5112.00 printing press operator 51-5113.00 print binding or finishing worker 51-6000 textile, apparel, or furnishings worker 51-6010 laundry or dry-cleaning worker (broad) 51-6011.00 laundry or dry-cleaning worker 51-6020 presser, textile, garment, or related materials (broad) 51-6021.00 presser, textile, garment, or related materials 51-6030 sewing machine operator (broad) 51-6031.00 sewing machine operator 51-6040 shoe or leather worker 51-6041.00 shoe or leather worker or repairer 51-6042.00 shoe machine operator or tender 51-6050 tailor, dressmaker, or sewer 51-6051.00 sewer, hand 51-6052.00 tailor, dressmaker, or custom sewer 51-6060 textile machine setter, operator, or tender 51-6061.00 textile bleaching or dyeing machine operator or tender 51-6062.00 textile cutting machine setter, operator, or ten 51-6063.00 textile knitting or weaving machine setter, operator, or tender 51-6064.00 textile winding, twisting, or drawing out machine setter, operator, or tender 51-6090 miscellaneous textile, apparel, or furnishings worker 51-6091.00 extruding or forming machine setter, operator, or tender, synthetic or glass fiber 51-6092.00 fabric or apparel patternmaker 51-6093.00 upholsterer 51-6099.00 textile, apparel, or furnishings worker, all other 51-7000 woodworker 51-7010 cabinetmaker or bench carpenter (broad) 51-7011.00 cabinetmaker or bench carpenter 51-7020 furniture finisher (broad) 51-7021.00 furniture finisher 51-7030 model maker or patternmaker, wood 51-7031.00 model maker, wood 51-7032.00 patternmaker, wood 51-7040 woodworking machine setter, operator, or tender 51-7041.00 sawing machine setter, operator, or tender, wood 51-7042.00 woodworking machine setter, operator, or tender, except sawing 51-7090 miscellaneous woodworker 51-7099.00 woodworker, all other 51-8000 plant or system operator 51-8010 power plant operator, distributor, or dispatcher 51-8011.00 nuclear power reactor operator 51-8012.00 power distributor or dispatcher 51-8013.00 power plant operator 51-8013.03 biomass plant technician 51-8013.04 hydroelectric plant technician 51-8020 stationary engineer or boiler operator (broad) 51-8021.00 stationary engineer or boiler operator 51-8030 water or wastewater treatment plant or system operator (broad) 51-8031.00 water or wastewater treatment plant or system operator 51-8090 miscellaneous plant or system operator 51-8091.00 chemical plant or system operator 51-8092.00 gas plant operator 51-8093.00 petroleum pump system operator, refinery operator, or gauger 51-8099.00 plant or system operator, all other 51-8099.01 biofuels processing technician 51-9000 other production occupation 51-9010 chemical processing machine setter, operator, or tender 51-9011.00 chemical equipment operator or tender 51-9012.00 separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, or still machine setter, operator, or tender 51-9020 crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, or blending worker 51-9021.00 crushing, grinding, or polishing machine setter, operator, or tender 51-9022.00 grinding or polishing worker, hand 51-9023.00 mixing or blending machine setter, operator, or tender 51-9030 cutting worker 51-9031.00 cutter or trimmer, hand 51-9032.00 cutting or slicing machine setter, operator, or tender 51-9040 extruding, forming, pressing, or compacting machine setter, operator, or tender (broad) 51-9041.00 extruding, forming, pressing, or compacting machine setter, operator, or tender 51-9050 furnace, Kiln, oven, drier, or Kettle operator or tender (broad) 51-9051.00 furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operator or tender 51-9060 inspector, tester, sorter, sampler, or weigher (broad) 51-9061.00 inspector, tester, sorter, sampler, or weigher 51-9070 jeweler or precious stone or metal worker (broad) 51-9071.00 jeweler or precious stone or metal worker 51-9071.06 gem or diamond worker 51-9080 dental or ophthalmic laboratory technician or medical appliance technician 51-9081.00 dental laboratory technician 51-9082.00 medical appliance technician 51-9083.00 ophthalmic laboratory technician 51-9110 packaging or filling machine operator or tender (broad) 51-9111.00 packaging or filling machine operator or tender 51-9120 painting worker 51-9123.00 painting, coating, or decorating worker 51-9124.00 coating, painting, or spraying machine setter, operator, or tender 51-9140 semiconductor processing technician (broad) 51-9141.00 semiconductor processing technician 51-9150 photographic process worker or processing machine operator (broad) 51-9151.00 photographic process worker or processing machine operator 51-9160 computer numerically controlled tool operator or programmer 51-9161.00 computer numerically controlled tool operator 51-9162.00 computer numerically controlled tool programmer 51-9190 miscellaneous production worker 51-9191.00 adhesive bonding machine operator or tender 51-9192.00 cleaning, washing, or metal pickling equipment operator or tender 51-9193.00 cooling or freezing equipment operator or tender 51-9194.00 etcher or engraver 51-9195.00 molder, shaper, or caster, except metal or plastic 51-9195.03 stone cutter or carver, manufacturing 51-9195.04 glass blower, molder, bender, or finisher 51-9195.05 potter, manufacturing 51-9196.00 paper goods machine setter, operator, or tender 51-9197.00 tire builder 51-9198.00 helpers--production worker 51-9199.00 production worker, all other 53-0000 transportation or material moving occupation 53-1000 supervisor of transportation or material moving worker 53-1040 first-line supervisor of transportation or material moving worker 53-1041.00 aircraft cargo handling supervisor 53-1042.00 first-line supervisor of helpers, laborer, or material mover, hand 53-1042.01 recycling coordinator 53-1043.00 first-line supervisor of material-moving machine or vehicle operator 53-1044.00 first-line supervisor of passenger attendant 53-1049.00 first-line supervisor of transportation worker, all other 53-2000 air transportation worker 53-2010 aircraft pilot or flight engineer 53-2011.00 airline pilot, copilot, or flight engineer 53-2012.00 commercial pilot 53-2020 air traffic controller or airfield operations specialist 53-2021.00 air traffic controller 53-2022.00 airfield operations specialist 53-2030 flight attendant (broad) 53-2031.00 flight attendant 53-3000 motor vehicle operator 53-3010 ambulance driver or attendant, except emergency medical technician (broad) 53-3011.00 ambulance driver or attendant, except emergency medical technician 53-3030 driver/sales worker or truck driver 53-3031.00 driver/sales worker 53-3032.00 heavy or tractor-trailer truck driver 53-3033.00 light truck driver 53-3050 passenger vehicle driver 53-3051.00 bus driver, school 53-3052.00 bus driver, transit or intercity 53-3053.00 shuttle driver or chauffeur 53-3054.00 taxi driver 53-3090 miscellaneous motor vehicle operator 53-3099.00 motor vehicle operator, all other 53-4000 rail transportation worker 53-4010 locomotive engineer or operator 53-4011.00 locomotive engineer 53-4013.00 rail yard engineer, dinkey operator, or hostler 53-4020 railroad brake, signal, or switch operator or locomotive firer (broad) 53-4022.00 railroad brake, signal, or switch operator or locomotive firer 53-4030 railroad conductor or yardmaster (broad) 53-4031.00 railroad conductor or yardmaster 53-4040 subway or streetcar operator (broad) 53-4041.00 subway or streetcar operator 53-4090 miscellaneous rail transportation worker 53-4099.00 rail transportation worker, all other 53-5000 water transportation worker 53-5010 sailor or marine oiler (broad) 53-5011.00 sailor or marine oiler 53-5020 ship or boat captain or operator 53-5021.00 captain, mate, or pilot of water vessel 53-5022.00 motorboat operator 53-5030 ship engineer (broad) 53-5031.00 ship engineer 53-6000 other transportation worker 53-6010 bridge or lock tender (broad) 53-6011.00 bridge or lock tender 53-6020 parking attendant (broad) 53-6021.00 parking attendant 53-6030 transportation service attendant 53-6031.00 automotive or watercraft service attendant 53-6032.00 aircraft service attendant 53-6040 traffic technician (broad) 53-6041.00 traffic technician 53-6050 transportation inspector (broad) 53-6051.00 transportation inspector 53-6051.01 aviation inspector 53-6051.07 transportation vehicle, equipment or systems inspector, except aviation 53-6060 passenger attendant (broad) 53-6061.00 passenger attendant 53-6090 miscellaneous transportation worker 53-6099.00 transportation worker, all other 53-7000 material moving worker 53-7010 conveyor operator or tender (broad) 53-7011.00 conveyor operator or tender 53-7020 crane or tower operator (broad) 53-7021.00 crane or tower operator 53-7030 dredge operator (broad) 53-7031.00 dredge operator 53-7040 hoist or winch operator (broad) 53-7041.00 hoist or winch operator 53-7050 industrial truck or tractor operator (broad) 53-7051.00 industrial truck or tractor operator 53-7060 laborer or material mover 53-7061.00 cleaner of vehicles or equipment 53-7062.00 laborer or freight, stock, or material movers, hand 53-7062.04 recycling or reclamation worker 53-7063.00 machine feeder or offbearer 53-7064.00 packer or packager, hand 53-7065.00 stocker or order filler 53-7070 pumping station operator 53-7071.00 gas compressor or gas pumping station operator 53-7072.00 pump operator, except wellhead pumper 53-7073.00 wellhead pumper 53-7080 refuse or recyclable material collector (broad) 53-7081.00 refuse or recyclable material collector 53-7120 tank car, truck, or ship loader (broad) 53-7121.00 tank car, truck, or ship loader 53-7190 miscellaneous material moving worker 53-7199.00 material moving worker, all other 55-0000 military specific occupation 55-1000 military officer special or tactical operations leader (minor) 55-1010 military officer special or tactical operations leader 55-1011.00 air crew officer 55-1012.00 aircraft launch or recovery officer 55-1013.00 armored assault vehicle officer 55-1014.00 artillery or missile officer 55-1015.00 command or control center officer 55-1016.00 infantry officer 55-1017.00 special forces officer 55-1019.00 military officer special or tactical operations leader, all other 55-2000 first-line enlisted military supervisor (minor) 55-2010 first-line enlisted military supervisor 55-2011.00 first-line supervisor of air crew member 55-2012.00 first-line supervisor of weapons specialist/crew member 55-2013.00 first-line supervisor of all other tactical operations specialist 55-3000 military enlisted tactical operations or air/weapons specialist or crew member (minor) 55-3010 military enlisted tactical operations or air/weapons specialist or crew member 55-3011.00 air crew member 55-3012.00 aircraft launch or recovery specialist 55-3013.00 armored assault vehicle crew member 55-3014.00 artillery or missile crew member 55-3015.00 command or control center specialist 55-3016.00 infantry 55-3018.00 special forces 55-3019.00 military enlisted tactical operations or air/weapons specialist or crew member, all other