2015-06-09 Anna Protasio Chris J. Janse Chris Stockert Flora Logan Jie Zheng Kitsos Louis Priti Parikh Satya Sahoo Shahid M. Khan The Parasite Life Cycle ontology was developed as part of the NIH-funded "Semantics and Services enabled Problem Solving Environment for Tcruzi" project (Grant#1R01HL087795-01A1). The Kno.e.sis center, Computer Science and Engineering Department, Wright State University, Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, USA and the Tarleton Lab, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, USA collaborated to create this ontology. Resource page: http://knoesis.wright.edu/trykipedia This file is based on checkout of our SVN repository revision $Revision: 27 $ en preferred term GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) preferred term example of usage A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober example in branch OBI_0000277 has curation status OBI_0000281 definition GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It will not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober editor note definition editor GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Name of editor entering the definition PERSON:Daniel Schober definition editor alternative term An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober alternative term definition source GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> PERSON:Daniel Schober definition source formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 has obsolescence reason imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource. Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity. Coverage Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named administrative entity). Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges. The extent or scope of the content of the resource. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity. Date A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format. Description An account of the content of the resource. Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. Format The physical or digital manifestation of the resource. Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to determine the software, hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats). Resource Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context. Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Example formal identification systems include the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). Language A language of the intellectual content of the resource. Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English, "akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the United Kingdom. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity. Relation Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. A reference to a related resource. Rights Management Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights management statement for the resource, or reference a service providing such information. Rights information often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made about the status of these and other rights with respect to the resource. Information about rights held in and over the resource. Source A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Subject and Keywords The topic of the content of the resource. Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme. Title Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. A name given to the resource. Resource Type The nature or genre of the content of the resource. Type includes terms describing general categories, functions, genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the resource, use the Format element. has vector has host bearer_of has_role OBO_REL:0000033 relationship inheres_in unfolds_in has_part OBO_REL:0000003 relationship has_participant Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. OBO_REL:0000019 relationship ro_bfo_bridge located_in Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus OBO_REL:0000008 relationship ro_bfo_bridge location_of OBO_REL:0000009 relationship ro_bfo_bridge part_of OBO_REL:0000002 Parthood as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation p part_of p1 is illustrated in assertions such as: this instance of rhodopsin mediated phototransduction part_of this instance of visual perception. This relation satisfies at least the following standard axioms of mereology: reflexivity (for all p, p part_of p); anti-symmetry (for all p, p1, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p then p and p1 are identical); and transitivity (for all p, p1, p2, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p2, then p part_of p2). Analogous axioms hold also for parthood as a relation between spatial regions. For parthood as a relation between continuants, these axioms need to be modified to take account of the incorporation of a temporal argument. Thus for example the axiom of transitivity for continuants will assert that if c part_of c1 at t and c1 part_of c2 at t, then also c part_of c2 at t. Parthood as a relation between classes: To define part_of as a relation between classes we again need to distinguish the two cases of continuants and processes, even though the explicit reference to instants of time now falls away. For continuants, we have C part_of C1 if and only if any instance of C at any time is an instance-level part of some instance of C1 at that time, as for example in: cell nucleus part_ of cell. There is controversy about this relation intended to represent the relation between some arbitrary physical thing that is used as a represention/proxy/pointer to something else relationship participates_in OBO_REL:0000020 relationship ro_bfo_bridge data item information content entity curation status specification Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 PERSON:Bill Bug The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. curation status specification data about an ontology part Person:Alan Ruttenberg data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term obsolescence reason specification PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. obsolescence reason specification anatomical structure CARO:MAH Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/caro.owl cell Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:MAH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/caro.owl hepatocyte GOC:tfm ISBN:041204691 MESH:A.11.436.348 The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/cl.owl erythrocyte A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. GOC:tfm MESH:A.11.118.290 RBC red blood cell http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/cl.owl macrophage A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. GOC:add GOC:tfm GO_REF:0000031 PMID:16213494 PMID:1919437 histiocyte http://www.clt.astate.edu/wwilliam/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/cl.owl insect Insects (Class Insecta) are arthropods, having a hard exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae. Wikipedia:Insect http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/idomal.owl mammal A vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia. KL:KL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/idomal.owl vertebrate Any member of the subphylum Vertebrata, chordates with backbones or spinal columns. KL:KL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/idomal.owl parasite role http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ido.owl A symbiont role borne by an organism in virtue of the fact that it derives a growth, survival, or fitness advantage from symbiosis while the other symbiont's growth, survival, or fitness is reduced. definitive host role A symbiont host role borne by an organism in virtue of the fact that its partner in symbiosis reaches developmental maturity or reproduces sexually in the host. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ido.owl intermediate host role A symbiont host role borne by an organism in virtue of the fact that its partner in symbiosis utilizes the host to undergo a developmental stage transition, and the host is required for continuation of the partner's life cycle. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ido.owl infectious agent vector role An infectious agent transporter role that is borne by an organism active in the transfer of an infectious agent to an organism of another species and in which the agent is infectious. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ido.owl biological vector of infectious agent role An infectious agent vector role borne by an organism in virtue of the fact that the infectious agent multiplies in or on the vector. [IDO:420] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ido.owl Mus musculus house mouse mouse http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Bulinus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Oncomelania http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Leishmania http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Leishmania major L. major Leishmania (Leishmania) major Leishmania tropica major http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Trypanosoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Trypanosoma brucei A genus of trypanosomatid protozoans, aetiological agent of Sleeping sickness, also called Human African Trypanosomiasis. T. brucei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Trypanosoma cruzi A genus of trypanosomatid protozoans, aetiological agent of Chagas disease, also called South American Trypanosomiasis. T. cruzi http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Plasmodium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Plasmodium falciparum P. falciparum Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause malignant malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. Wikipedia: Plasmodium falciparum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Schistosoma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Schistosoma japonicum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Schistosoma mansoni http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Schistosoma haematobium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Mollusca molluscs mollusks http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Biomphalaria http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Triatominae kissing bugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Anopheles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Phlebotominae sand flies sandflies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Glossina tsetse flies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Homo sapiens human man http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl Canis lupus familiaris Canis canis Canis domesticus Canis familiaris dog dogs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ncbitaxon.owl host role In biology, a host is an organism that harbors a virus or parasite, or a mutual or commensal symbiont, typically providing nourishment and shelter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology) 30 March 09 OBI host role is a role played by an organism and realized by providing nourishment, shelter or a means of reproduction to another organism within the organism playing the host role http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl organism A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl Leishmania major metacyclic promastigote L. major metacyclic promastigote Leishmania major promastigote undergoes a second developmental transition yielding the metacyclic promastigote. This form of parasite is infective to its vertebrate host. PMID:11748963 Priti Parikh Triatominae hindgut A hindgut that is a part of or originated from a Triatominae bug. Priti Parikh Homo sapiens liver A liver that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). FMA:7197 Priti Parikh human liver metacyclic promastigote stage A mammal-infective promastigote stage of some kinetoplastids. PMID:13129524 Priti Parikh Plasmodium falciparum exflagellated microgametocyte stage Exflagellated microgametocyte stage in the lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum that occurs in the midgut of a mosquito vector. P. falciparum exflagellated microgametocyte stage Priti Parikh Schistosoma haematobium sporocyst stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium sporocyst stage Sporocyst stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma haematobium that occurs within the snail intermediate host. Schistosoma japonicum cercaria stage Cercaria stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in a freshwater snail and in fresh water. Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum cercaria stage Plasmodium falciparum microgametocyte stage Microgametocyte stage in the lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum that occurs either in the bloodstream of a vertebrate host or the midgut of a mosquito vector. P. Parkh, S. Khan. C. Janse P. falciparum microgametocyte stage Schistosoma haematobium 3 hour schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium 3 hour schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma haematobium that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 3 hours post-infection. Schistosoma haematobium miracidium A free-living motile form of Schistosoma haematobium, that is covered with cilia, and develops in the snail intermediate host. Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium miracidium Schistosoma mansoni 3 day schistosomulum stage Priti Parikh S. mansoni 3 day schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma mansoni that occurs in the definitive host 3 days post-infection. Phlebotominae proboscis A proboscis that is a part of or originated from a sand fly of genus Phlebotominae. Priti Parikh Leishmania major promastigote L. major promastigote Leishmania major promastigote is extracellular and motile form with an anterior flagellum. It grows and divides by longitudinal binary fission in the insect vector; i.e., sandfly. Priti Parikh http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/leish_files/introduction1.htm 3 hour schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio PMID:19885392 The Schistosomulum stage 3 hours after infection of the mammalian host. miracidium stage A life cycle stage of Trematodes where the parasite is in free-living motile form, covered with cilia and settles in the mollusc to become a sporocyst. Priti Parikh Wikipedia –Trematode lifecycle stages Homo sapiens cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). FMA:20935 Priti Parikh human CSF human cerebral spinal fluid human cerebrospinal fluid Schistosoma japonicum 3 day schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum 3 day schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma japonicum that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 3 days post-infection. Schistosoma japonicum 3 hour schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum 3 hour schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma japonicum that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 3 hours post-infection. bloodstream trypomastigote stage A trypomastigote stage where trypmastigote form of parasites are found in mammalian host blood stream. Priti Parikh Schistosoma japonicum miracidium stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum miracidium stage The miracidium stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the intermediate snail host. Schistosoma japonicum daughter sporocyst stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum daughter sporocyst stage The daughter sporocyst stage of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the snail intermediate host. Schistosoma mansoni 24hour schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni 24hour schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma mansoni that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 24 hours post-infection. microgamete stage A developmental stage in apicomplexan parasites when exflagellated microgametocyte divides into microgamete. Matt Berriman Homo sapiens skin A skin that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens) body. FMA:7163 Priti Parikh human skin macrogametocyte stage A gametocyte stage where a cell differentiates into a female sexual form called macrogametocyte. Priti Parikh Schistosoma haematobium 24 hour schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium 24 hour schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma haematobium that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 24 hours post-infection. Schistosoma japonicum daughter sporocyst Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum daughter sporocyst The Schistosoma japonicum sporocyst that develops into cercariae. Trypanosoma brucei procyclic trypomastigote Priti Parikh T. brucei procyclic trypomastigote Trypanosoma brucei procyclic trypomastigote is a dividing form of Trypanosoma brucei found in the midgut of an insect vector. Anopheles midgut A midgut that is a part of or originated from an Anopheles mosquito. trypomastigote stage A characteristic developmental stage of trypanosomes. In trypomastigote stage, the kinetoplast is near the posterior end of the body, and the flagellum lies attached to the cell body for most of its length by an undulating membrane. Priti Parikh Wikipedia: Trypanosomatid Trypanosoma brucei metacyclic trypomastigote Priti Parikh T. brucei metacyclic trypomastigote Trypanosoma brucei metacyclic trypomastigote is a non-dividing form infectious for the mammalian host. It is found in the salivary gland of an insect vector or blood of a vertebrate host. http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/african%20tryps%20new_files/subchapters/Life%20cycle.htm Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic schizont stage C. Janse, S. Khan, P. Parkh Erythrocytic schizont stage, in the P. falciparum lifecycle, occurs in infected erythrocytes of a vertebrate host P. falciparum erythorcytic schizont stage updated according to OPL terms Plasmodium final excel file from C. Janse, S. Khan merozoite stage A developmental stage in apicomplexan species where a daughter cell, called merozoite is produced from schizont through schizogony. Priti Parikh, C. Stoeckert adjusted to be more general http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/parasites/parpub/text/text/glossarM.htm Schistosoma haematobium worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium worm The mature form of Schistosoma haematobium, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma mansoni that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host and develops into the worm. Schistosoma japonicum 6 day schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum 6 day schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma japonicum that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 6 days post-infection. Homo sapiens hepatocyte A hepatocyte that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). FMA:14515 Priti Parikh human hepatocyte Schistosoma mansoni sporocyst stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni sporocyst stage The sporocyst stage of Schistosoma mansoni that occurs in the snail intermediate host. Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic ring trophozoite stage Matt Berriman, Priti Parikh, S. Khan, C. Janse P. falciparum erythrocytic ring trophozoite stage Ring trophozoite stage, in the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle, occurs in erythrocytes. During this stage some Plasmodium falciparum merozoites undergo asexual reproduction cycle in erythrocytes and form young trophozoites that are referred to as "ring form" due to their morphology. Wikipedia: Plasmodium falciparum biology Schistosoma japonicum cercaria Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum cercaria The parasitic larval form of the Schistosoma japonicum worm that develops in a freshwater snail and is released into the water. procyclic promastigote stage A promastigote stage where the form of parasite is short, ovoid, and slightly motile. PMID:13129524 Priti Parikh Schistosoma mansoni 6 day schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni 6 day schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma mansoni that occurs in the definitive host 6 days post-infection. Schistosoma japonicum 6 day schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum 6 day schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the definitive host 6 days post-infection. Homo sapiens mesenteric vein A mesenteric vein that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). Priti Parikh human mesenteric vein Trypanosoma brucei lifecycle stage Lifecycle stages of Trypanosoma brucei. Priti Parikh T. brucei lifecycle stage Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote Priti Parikh T. cruzi epimastigote The Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote is found in the intestinal tract of the insect vector. In this form, the kinetoplast is found anterior and adjacent to the nucleus. The flagellum emerges in the middle of the cell. http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/cruzi_files/intro.htm Plasmodium falciparum microgametocyte Male gametocyte of P. falciparum that is found in either bloodstream of a vertebrate host or midgut of a mosquito vector. The microgametocyte is a precursor cell of the microgamete P. falciparum microgametocyte Priti Parikh Schistosoma japonicum 7 week worm Priti Parikh S. japonicum 7 week worm The mature form of Schistosoma japonicum, capable of sexual reproduction, which is found in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host 7 weeks after infection of the mammalian host. Schistosoma japonicum egg Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum egg The egg of Schistosoma japonicum, which is laid by the female adult worm and released into the host gut where they leave the host in the faeces. Schistosoma japonicum 3 week worm Priti Parikh S. japonicum 3 week worm The worm form of Schistosoma japonicum, capable of sexual reproduction, which is found in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host 3 weeks after infection of the mammalian host. Trypanosoma brucei metacyclic trypomastigote stage Metacyclic trypomastigote stage in the lifecycle of Trypanosoma brucei that occurs either in vertebrate host bloodstream or in salivary glands of an insect vector. Priti Parikh T. brucei metacyclic trypomastigote stage trophozoite stage A non-reproductive, feeding and growing stage in the lifecycle of some protozoan parasites. Priti Parikh http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/parasites/parpub/text/text/glossarT.htm Leishmania major procyclic promastigote stage L. major procyclic promastigote stage Priti Parikh Procyclic promastigote stage in the lifecycle of Leishmania major. hepatic schizont stage A schizont stage that occurs in hepatocyte where sporozoites mature into a schizont. Matt Berriman and Priti Parikh PMID:11006474 Plasmodium falciparum schizont C. Janse, S. Khan, P. Parkh P. falciparum schizont P. falciparum schizont is a form that divides through schizogony. Depending on its location, it is either called hepatic or erythrocytic schizont. The schizont is a dividing stage with 2 or more nuclei. updated according to OPL terms Plasmodium final excel file from C. Janse, S. Khan Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote Priti Parikh T. cruzi amastigote Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote is the intracellular dividing form in the cytoplasm of vertebrate cells. It is a round/oval-shaped cell with no protruding flagellum. http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/cruzi_files/intro.htm Schistosoma haematobium 3 day schistosomulum stage Priti Parikh S. haematobium 3 day schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma haematobium occurs in the definitive host 3 days post-infection. Schistosoma mansoni 24 hour schistosomulum stage Priti Parikh S. mansoni 24 hour schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma mansoni that occurs in the definitive host 24 hours post-infection. Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote stage Amastigote stage in the lifecycle of Trypanosoma cruzi that occurs in vertebrate hosts. Priti Parikh T. cruzi amastigote stage 6 day schistosomulum stage PMID:19885392 Priti Parikh The Schistosomulum stage 6 days after infection of the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni 3hour schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni 3hour schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma mansoni that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 3 hours post-infection. Plasmodium falciparum macrogametocyte stage Macrogametocyte stage in the lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum that occurs either in the bloodstream of a vertebrate host or the midgut of a mosquito vector. P. Parkh, S. Khan, C. Janse P. falciparum macrogametocyte stage gametocytes are mainly found in the blood Schistosoma haematobium miracidium stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio Miracidium stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma haematobium that occurs in the intermediate snail host. S. haematobium miracidium stage cercaria stage A free-living larval stage of Digenea, developed within the germinal cells of the sporocyst or redia. A cercaria has a tapering head with large penetration glands. It may or may not have a long swimming "tail", depending on the species. The motile cercaria finds and settles in a host where it will become either an adult, or a mesocercaria, or a metacercaria, according to species. Priti Parikh Wikipedia - Trematode lifecycle stages Schistosoma japonicum worm stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum worm stage The mature stage of Schistosoma japonicum that is found in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host. Schistosoma japonicum egg stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum egg stage The egg stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the mammalian host. oocyst stage A stage in the development of sporozoa consisting of a zygote enclosed by cyst wall. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009, Elsevier. (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oocyst) Priti Parikh Schistosoma haematobium 3 hour schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium 3 hour schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma haematobium that occurs in the definitive host 3 hours post-infection. Plasmodium falciparum macrogamete stage Macrogamete stage, in the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle, occurs in the midgut of a mosquito vector. P. falciparum macrogamete stage Priti Parikh procyclic trypomastigote stage Priti Parikh Trypomastigote stage where trypomastigote form of parasites are in dividing form. This stage occurs in fly vector. Schistosoma japonicum schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma japonicum that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host and develops into the worm. erythrocytic schizont stage A schizont stage that occurs in erythrocytes where trophozoites mature into a schizont and schizont produces daughter trophozoites or merozoites. Matt Berriman and Priti Parikh PMID: 11006474 Schistosoma haematobium cercaria Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium cercaria The parasitic larval form of the Schistosoma haematobium worm that develops in a freshwater snail and is released into the water. parasite lifecycle in host liver stage Person: Chris Stoeckert liver stage EuPathDB A parasite lifecycle stage that occurs in the liver of the host organism. For Plasmodium species these stages can include sporozoites, trophozoites, schizonts, and merozoites. Trypanosoma brucei procyclic trypomastigote stage Priti Parikh Procyclic trypomastigote stage in the lifecycle of Trypanosoma brucei. worm stage A developmental stage of some parasites in which the parasite develops into a worm form, and undergoes maturation. Priti Parikh http://www.path.cam.ac.uk/~schisto/schistosoma/schisto_lifecycle_egg.html Bulinus hepatopancreas Hepatopancreas that is a part of or originated from a Bulinus snail. Priti Parikh schizont stage Priti Parikh The multinucleate stage in the development of some members of the Sarcodina and some sporozoans during schizogony. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/schizont macrogamete stage A developmental stage in parasites when macrogametocytes produce macrogametes through the process known as gametogenesis. Priti Parikh http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/malaria/mal_lc.PDF daughter sporocyst stage A larval stage of Trematodes produced by a mother sporocyst; it lacks a gut and is capable of asexual production of either rediae or cercariae. Priti Parikh http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/parasites/parpub/text/text/glossarD.htm Schistosoma haematobium 7 week worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium 7 week worm The mature form of Schistosoma haematobium, capable of sexual reproduction, which is found in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host 7 weeks after infection of the mammalian host. Triatominae midgut A midgut that is a part of or originated from a Triatominae bug. Priti Parikh Plasmodium falciparum ookinete P. falciparum ookinete Plasmodium falciparum ookinete is a 'banana-shaped' form that originates from the round zygote. The ookinete is found in the midgut of a mosquito vector and traverses the midgut wall of a mosquito vector. Priti Parikh Wikipedia: Plasmodium falciparum biology Shistosoma mansoni 3 week worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni 3 week worm The worm form of Schistosoma mansoni, capable of sexual reproduction, which is found in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host 3 weeks after infection of the mammalian host. Schistosoma haematobium worm stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium worm stage The fully developed mature stage of Schistosoma haematobium that is found in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host. Trypanosoma brucei epimastigote Priti Parikh T. brucei epimastigote The Trypanosoma brucei epimastigote is found in the salivary glands of tse-tse fly. In this form the kinetoplast is anterior to the nucleus with a short undulating membrane running about half the length of the body. http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/african%20tryps%20new_files/contents1.htm Plasmodium falciparum hepatic schizont stage Hepatic schizont stage in the lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum that occurs in infected hepatocytes of a vertebrate host. P. falciparum hepatic schizont stage Priti Parikh Schistosoma japonicum sporocyst Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum sporocyst The Schistosoma japonicum sporocyst is an elongated sac that develops from the miracidium within the snail indermediate host, and that either produces more sporocysts or develops into cercariae. schistomulum stage A migratory stage between cercaria and adult of the schistosomes; equivalent to the metacercarial stage in other digeneans. Priti Parikh http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/parasites/parpub/text/text/glossarS.htm Homo sapiens erythrocyte A red blood cell that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). FMA:62845 Priti Parikh human RBC human erythrocyte human red blood cell Homo sapiens vesical venus plexus FMA:18934 Priti Parikh Vesical venus plexus that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). human vesical venus plexus sporocyst stage An early developmental stage capable of asexual reproduction: in sporozoans it is usually enclosed within an oocyst; in digeneans it is an intramolluscan stage lacking a gut. Priti Parikh http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/parasites/parpub/text/text/glossarD.htm Schistosoma haematobium 3 week worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium 3 week worm The worm form of Schistosoma haematobium, capable of sexual reproduction, which is found in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host 3 weeks after infection of the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma mansoni that occurs in the definitive host and is followed by the worm stage. Schistosoma haematobium cercaria stage Cercaria stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma haematobium that occurs in a freshwater snail and in fresh water. Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium cercaria stage Leishmania major metacyclic promastigote stage L. major metacyclic promastigote stage Metacyclic promastigote stage in the lifecycle of Leishmania major. Priti Parikh Plasmodium falciparum merozoite stage Merozoite stage, in the lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum, occurs in the bloodstream or hepatocytes of a vertebrate host. P. falciparum merozoite stage Priti Parikh, C. Stoeckert Biomphalaria hepatopancreas Hepatopancreas that is a part of or originated from a Biomphalaria snail. Priti Parikh Schistosoma mansoni egg Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni egg The egg of Schistosoma mansoni, which is laid by the female adult worm and released into the host gut where they leave the host in the faeces. Schistosoma japonicum 3 week worm stage Priti Parikh S. japonicum 3 week worm stage The worm stage of Schistosoma japonicum that is found in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host 3 weeks after infection of the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni 3 week worm stage Priti Parikh S. mansoni 3 week worm stage The worm stage of Schistosoma mansoni that is found in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host 3 weeks after infection of the mammalian host. epimastigote stage A developmental stage in the lifecycle of Trypanosomatids. During this stage, the undulating membrane is shortened and the flagellar pocket and the kinetoplast are anterior to the nucleus. This stage occurs in the insect host. Priti Parikh Schistosoma haematobium daughter sporocyst Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium daughter sporocyst The Schistosoma haematobium sporocyst that develops into cercariae. Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic schizont P. Parkh, S. Khan, C. Janse P. falciparum erythrocytic schizont Plasmodium falciparum schizont that is found in infected erythrocytes of a vertebrate host. Schistosoma haematobium 7 week worm stage Priti Parikh S. haematobium 7 week worm stage The mature stage of Schistosoma haematobium that is found in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host 7 weeks after weeks after infection of the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni miracidium stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni miracidium stage The miracidium stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma mansoni, that occurs in the intermediate snail host. Plasmodium falciparum oocyst stage Oocyst stage, in the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle, occurs on the hemocoel side of the midgut of a mosquito vector. During this stage Plasmodium falciparum ookinete invades and escapes midgut wall of mosquito and embed itself onto the exterior of the gut membrane and develop encysted zygote, called oocyst. P. falciparum oocyst stage Priti Parikh amastigote stage Priti Parikh The nonflagellate intracellular developmental stage in the lifecycle of trypanosomatid parasites that occurs in mammalian host. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite stage Matt Berrimen, Priti Parikh, S. Khan, C. Janse P. falciparum sporozoite stage Sporozoite stage, in the P. falciparum lifecycle, occurs in the salivary glands of the mosquito and invades hepatocytes in the vertebrate host. Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigote Priti Parikh T. cruzi metacyclic trypomastigote Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigote is the infectious stage for vertebrates and so is found in blood or cells of vertebrate hosts. http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/cruzi_files/intro.htm Homo sapiens blood Chris Stoeckert FMA:9670 OPL blood that is part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). human blood previous def was: blood of human Schistosoma japonicum schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the definitive host and is followed by the worm stage. exflagellated microgametocyte stage A developmental stage in some apicomplexan parasites where microgametocyte gets matured and form microgamete through the process known as exflagellation. Priti Parikh Schistosoma mansoni 3 hour schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni 3 hour schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma mansoni that occurs in the definitive host 3 hours post-infection. Anopheles salivary gland A salivary gland that is a part of or originated from an Anopheles mosquito. Priti Parikh Homo sapiens macrophage A macrophage that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). FMA:63261 human macrophage Schistosoma mansoni 3day schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni 3day schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma mansoni that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 3 days post-infection. Schistosoma haematobium 6 day schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium 6 day schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma haematobium that occurs in the definitive host 6 days post-infection. Schistosoma haematobium egg stage Egg stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma haematobium that occurs in the mammalian host.. Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium egg stage Schistosoma japonicum worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum worm The mature form of Schistosoma japonicum, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host. adult female worm stage An adult worm stage of a female worm. Priti Parikh http://www.path.cam.ac.uk/~schisto/schistosoma/schisto_lifecycle_egg.html Schistosoma mansoni worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni worm The mature form of Schistosoma mansoni, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host. Schistosoma haematobium 24 hour schistosomulum stage Priti Parikh S. haematobium 24 hour schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma haematobium that occurs in the definitive host 24 hours post-infection. Plasmodium falciparum merozoite Merozoite stage, in the lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum, occurs in the bloodstream of a vertebrate host. P. Parkh P. falciparum merozoite Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigote stage Metacyclic trypomastigote stage in the lifecycle of Trypanosoma cruzi that occurs in vertebrate hosts. Priti Parikh T. cruzi metacyclic trypomastigote stage Schistosoma japonicum 24 hour schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum 24 hour schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma japonicum that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 24 hours post-infection. Homo sapiens lung A lung that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). FMA:7195 Priti Parikh human lung Oncomelania hepatopancreas Hepatopancreas that is a part of or originated from a Oncomelania snail. Priti Parikh Schistosoma mansoni egg stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni egg stage The egg stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma mansoni that occurs in the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni 7 week worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni 7 week worm The mature form of Schistosoma mansoni, capable of sexual reproduction, which is found in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host 7 weeks after infection of the mammalian host. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite P. Parkh, S. Khan, C. Janse P. falciparum sporozoite Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites are formed in the oocyst. They migrate to and resides in the salivary glands of the mosquito vector. A distinction is made between oocyst-derived and salivary gland-derived sporozoites. Sporozoites invade hepatocytes in the vertebrate host. Wikipedia: Plasmodium falciparum biology Plasmodium falciparum oocyst P. falciparum oocyst Plasmodium falciparum oocyst is formed, after traversal of the midgut wall by the ookinete stage, on the hemocoel side of the midgut wall of the mosquito vector Priti Parikh Schistosoma japonicum 7 week worm stage Priti Parikh S. japonicum 7 week worm stage The mature stage of Schistosoma japonicum that is found in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host 7 weeks after weeks after infection of the mammalian host. erythrocytic ring trophozoite stage An early trophozoite stage of Plasmodium sp. where a large central vacuole and peripheral nucleus give an appearance of a signet ring. Priti Parikh http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/parasites/parpub/text/text/glossarR.htm Homo sapiens intestine An intestine that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). FMA:7199 Priti Parikh human intestine Schistosoma mansoni mother sporocyst stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni mother sporocyst stage The mother sporocyst stage of Schistosoma mansoni that occurs in the snail intermediate host. microgametocyte stage A gametocyte stage where a cell differentiates into a male sexual form called microgametocyte. Priti Parikh Schistosoma haematobium mother sporocyst Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium mother sporocyst The Schistosoma haematobium sporocyst that produces more sporocysts. Schistosoma japonicum mother sporocyst Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum mother sporocyst The Schistosoma japonicum sporocyst that produces more sporocysts. Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite P. Parkh, S. Khan, C. Janse P. falciparum trophozoite Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite is a feeding form. Depending on its location, it is either called hepatic or erythrocytic trophozoite. The trophozoite stage has only 1 nucleus. Schistosoma mansoni sporocyst Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni sporocyst The Schistosoma mansoni sporocyst is an elongated sac that develops from the miracidium within the snail indermediate host, and that either produces more sporocysts or develops into cercariae. 7 week worm stage A worm stage of development 7 weeks post differentiation into a worm form. PMID:19885392 Priti Parikh metacyclic trypomastigote stage An infectious trypomastigote stage of Trypanosoma species. Priti Parikh gametocyte stage A life cycle stage where a cell differentiates into male or female sexual forms. Priti Parikh promastigote stage One of the developmental stages in the lifecycle of Trypanosomatids. In this stage, the flagellum is found anterior of nucleus and flagellum not attached to the cell body. The kinetoplast is located in front of the nucleus, near the anterior end of the body. (Wikipedia: Trypanosomatid) Priti Parikh sporozoite stage A lifecycle stage of some sporozoans where cells divide through sporogony producing daughter cells called sporozoites that infect new hosts. Priti Parikh http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/parasites/parpub/text/text/glossarS.htm ookinete stage A lifecycle stage of some sporozoans where motile and elongated zygote is formed by the fertilization of the macrogamete during the sexual reproductive phase of the sporozoan life cycle, specifically the malarial parasite Plasmodium. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009, Elsevier. (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ookinete) Priti Parikh Glossina salivary gland A salivary gland that is a part of or originated from a tsetse fly of genus Glossina. Priti Parikh obsolete_Plasmodium falciparum P. falciparum Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause malignant malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. Replaced by NCBITaxon term. Definition and axioms were added by OPL developers. Wikipedia: Plasmodium falciparum Schistosoma japonicum lifecycle stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio Lifecycle stages of Schistosoma japonicum. S. japonicum lifecycle stage Leishmania major amastigote stage Amastigote stage in the lifecycle of Leishmania major that occurs in vertebrate hosts. L. major amastigote stage Priti Parikh Plasmodium falciparum schizont stage C. Janse, S. Khan, P. Parkh P. falciparum schizont stage Schizont stage, in the P. falciparum lifecycle, occurs in erythrocytes or in hepatocytes. updated according to OPL terms Plasmodium final excel file from C. Janse, S. Khan Schistosoma japonicum 3 day schistosomulum stage Priti Parikh S. japonicum 3 day schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the definitive host 3 days post-infection. Leishmania major procyclic promastigote L. major procyclic promastigote Leishmania major procyclic promastigote is found in the alimentary tract of an insect vector. It is non-infective to its vertebrate host. PMID:11748963 Priti Parikh Plasmodium falciparum zygote A Plasmodium falciparum zygote is formed after fertilisation of the macrogamete by a microgamete in the midgut of the mosquito vector. This round form is the only diploid stage in the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle. C. Janse, S. Khan, P. Parkh P. falciparum zygote Wikipedia: Plasmodium falciparum biology Plasmodium falciparum exflagellated microgametocyte An activated mature Plasmodium falciparum microgametocyte with flagellated motile microgametes still attached to its central body. Exflagellated microgametocyte of Plasmodium falciparum is found in the midgut of a mosquito vector. Matt Berriman, Priti Parikh P. falciparum exflagellated microgametocyte Schistosoma haematobium daughter sporocyst stage Daughter sporocyst stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma haematobium that occurs within the snail intermediate host. Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium daughter sporocyst stage Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote Priti Parikh T. cruzi trypomastigote The Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote is found in the bloodstream of infected vertebrates. It is a non-dividing form that is infectious for its insect vector. http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/cruzi_files/intro.htm Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle stage Lifecycle stages of Plasmodium falciparum. P. falciparum lifecycle stage Priti Parikh Schistosoma haematobium sporocyst Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium sporocyst The Schistosoma haematobium sporocyst is an elongated sac that develops from the miracidium within the snail indermediate host, and that either produces more sporocysts or develops into cercariae. Plasmodium falciparum macrogamete P. falciparum macrogamete Plasmodium falciparum macrogamete is a matured form of the macrogametocyte and is found in the midgut of a mosquito vector. The macrogamete is fertilized by the microgamete, forming the zygote Schistosoma mansoni cercaria Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni cercaria The parasitic larval form of the Schistosoma mansoni worm that develops in a freshwater snail and is released into the water. Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote stage Priti Parikh T. cruzi trypomastigote stage Trypomastigote stage in the lifecycle of Trypanosoma cruzi that occurs either in the vertebrate host or an insect vector. Plasmodium falciparum microgamete stage Microgamete stage, in the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle, occurs in the midgut of a mosquito vector. P. falciparum microgamete stage Priti Parikh human parasite role A parasite role which is realized only during parasitic infection of a human. Priti Parikh, Chris Stoeckert previous def was not about a role. 24 hour schistosomulum stage PMID:19885392 Priti Parikh The Schistosomulum stage 24 hours after infection of the mammalian host. hypnozoite stage In lifecycle stage of some Plasmodium sp., such as Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale, the parasite in the liver cells do not achieve matuaration to a schizont immediately, but remain in a dormant form. This dormant form stage is called hypnozoite stage. Priti Parikh Wikipedia: Plasmodium Plasmodium falciparum microgamete P. falciparum microgamete Plasmodium falciparum microgamete is a mature form of exflagellated microgametocyte and is found in the midgut of a mosquito vector. The microgamete fertilises the macrogamete, forming the zygote. Trypanosoma brucei trypomastigote stage Priti Parikh T. brucei trypomastigote stage Trypomastigote stage in the lifecycle of Trypanosoma brucei that occurs in the vertebrate host. Homo sapiens ureter A ureter that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). FMA:9704 Priti Parikh human ureter Schistosoma haematobium lifecycle stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio Lifecycle stages of Schistosoma haematobium. S. haematobium lifecycle stage Schistosoma haematobium schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma haematobium that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host and develops into the worm. Schistosoma japonicum miracidium A free-living motile form of Schistosoma japonicum, that is covered with cilia, and develops in the snail intermediate host. Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum miracidium egg stage Priti Parikh The life cycle stage of some parasites in which a non-operculate egg emerges from the adult female worm. http://www.path.cam.ac.uk/~schisto/schistosoma/schisto_lifecycle_egg.html parasite lifecycle stage Life cycle stage of a parasite. Priti Parikh Trypanosoma brucei trypomastigote Priti Parikh T. brucei trypomastigote Trypomastigote form in the lifecycle of Trypanosoma brucei. In this form the large kinetoplast is postnuclear and is at the most posterior part of the body and the flagellum emerges from the flagellar pocket, and runs along the entire length of the body as an undulating membrane. http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/african%20tryps%20new_files/contents1.htm 3 week worm stage A worm stage of development 3 weeks post differentiation into a worm form. PMID:19885392 Priti Parikh Schistosoma japonicum mother sporocyst stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum mother sporocyst stage The mother sporocyst stage of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the snail intermediate host. Trypanosoma cruzi lifecycle stage Lifecycle stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Priti Parikh T. cruzi lifecycle stage Schistosoma japonicum sporocyst stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum sporocyst stage The sporocyst stage of Schistosoma japonicum that is found within the snail intermediate host. Plasmodium falciparum ookinete stage Ookinete stage, in the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle, occurs in the midgut of a mosquito vector and on the outside of the midgut. P. falciparum ookinete stage Priti Parikh Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream trypomastigote stage Bloodstream trypomastigote stage in the lifecycle of Trypanosoma brucei. Priti Parikh T. brucei bloodstream trypomastigote stage Leishmania major promastigote stage L. major promastigote stage Priti Parikh Promastigote stage in the lifecycle of Leishmania major. Plasmodium falciparum hepatic schizont P. falciparum hepatic schizont Plasmodium falciparum schizont that is found in infected hepatocytes (i.e., liver cells) of a vertebrate host. Priti Parikh Schistosoma mansoni daughter sporocyst Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni daughter sporocyst The Schistosoma mansoni sporocyst that develops into cercariae. Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte stage Gametocyte stage in the lifecycle of Plasmodium falciparum. P. falciparum gametocyte stage Priti Parikh Schistosoma japonicum 3 hour schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. japonicum 3 hour schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the definitive host 3 hours post-infection. Phlebotominae midgut A midgut that is a part of or originated from a sand fly of genus Phlebotominae. Priti Parikh Schistosoma japonicum 24 hour schistosomulum stage Priti Parikh S. japonicum 24 hour schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the definitive host 24 hours post-infection. Shcistosoma mansoni mother sporocyst Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni mother sporocyst The Schistosoma mansoni sporocyst that produces more sporocysts. Schistosoma haematobium schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium schistosomulum stage The schistosomulum stage of Schistosoma haematobium that occurs in the definitive host and is followed by the worm stage. Schistosoma haematobium adult male worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium adult male worm The fully developed mature male form of Schistosoma haematobium, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host and has 4-5 testes. http://www.path.cam.ac.uk/~schisto/schistosoma/schisto_lifecycle_egg.html Plasmodium falciparum zygote stage P. falciparum zygote stage Priti Parikh The zygote stage, in the P. falciparum lifecycle, occurs in the midgut of the mosquito vector where a microgamete and a macrogamete fertilizes each other to produce a diploid cell. Wikipedia: Plasmodium falciparum biology Schistosoma haematobium egg Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium egg The egg of Schistosoma haematobium, which is laid by the female adult worm and released into the host gut where they leave the host in the faeces. Schistosoma haematobium 6 day schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium 6 day schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma haematobium that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 6 days post-infection. Schistosoma haematobium 3 week worm stage Priti Parikh S. haematobium 3 week worm stage The worm stage of Schistosoma haematobium that is found in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host 3 weeks after infection of the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni lifecycle stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio Lifecycle stages of Schistosoma mansoni. S. mansoni lifecycle stage Leishmania major amastigote L. major amastigote Leishmania major amastigote is the intracellular, non-motile form of the parasite found in the vertebrate host. Priti Parikh http://dna.kdna.ucla.edu/parasite_course-old/leish_files/introduction1.htm Schistosoma haematobium 3 day schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium 3 day schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma haematobium that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 3 days post-infection. Plasmodium falciparum macrogametocyte Female gametocyte of P. falciparum that is found either in bloodstream of the vertebrate host or midgut of mosquito vector. The macrogametocyte is a precursor of the macrogamete. P. falciparum macrogametocyte S. Khan, C. Janse, P. Parkh, C. Stoeckert Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic trophozoite stage Erythrocytic trophozoite stage, in the P. falciparum life cycle, occurs in erythrocytes. P. Parkh, S. Khan, C. Janse P. falciparum erythrocytic trophozoite stage Schistosoma mansoni miracidium A free-living motile form of Schistosoma mansoni that is covered with cilia and develops in the snail intermediate host. Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni miracidium Leishmania major lifecycle stage L. major lifecycle stage Lifecycle stages of Leishmania major. Priti Parikh Schistosma mansoni cercaria stage Cercaria stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma mansoni that occurs in a freshwater snail and in fresh water. Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni cercaria stage Schistosoma mansoni worm stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni worm stage The mature stage of Schistosoma mansoni that is found in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host. Schistosoma haematobium mother sporocyst stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio Mother sporocyst stage in the lifecycle of Schistosoma haematobium that occurs in the snail intermediate host. S. haematobium mother sporocyst stage vesical venus plexus Priti Parikh The vesical plexus envelops the lower part of the bladder and the base of the prostate and communicates with the pudendal and prostatic plexuses. Wikipedia - Vesical venus plexus mother sporocyst stage A larval stage of Digenea formed after penetration of the miracidium into a mollusc; it lacks a gut and gives rise asexually to daughter sporocysts or rediae. Priti Parikh http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/parasites/parpub/text/text/glossarM.htm Glossina midgut A midgut that is a part of or originated from a tsetse fly of genus Glossina. Priti Parikh Trypanosoma brucei epimastigote stage Epimastigote stage in the lifecycle of Trypanosoma brucei. Priti Parikh T. brucei epimastigote stage Schistosoma mansoni 7 week worm stage Priti Parikh S. mansoni 7 week worm stage The mature stage of Schistosoma mansoni that is found in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host 7 weeks after weeks after infection of the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni 6day schistosomulum Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni 6day schistosomulum The migratory larval form of Schistosoma mansoni that is found within blood vessels of the definitive host 6 days post-infection. Homo sapiens urinary bladder A urinary bladder that is a part of or originated from a human (Homo sapiens). FMA:15900 Priti Parikh human bladder human urinary bladder Schistosoma mansoni daughter sporocyst stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni daughter sporocyst stage The daughter sporocyst stage of Schistosoma mansoni that occurs in the snail intermediate host. 3 day schistosomulum stage Flora Logan, Anna Protasio PMID:19885392 The Schistosomulum stage 3 days after infection of the mammalian host. Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic ring trophozoite P. Parkh, S. Khan, C. Janse P. falciparum erythrocytic ring trophozoite Plasmodium falciparum ring trophozoite is found in erythrocytes. It is a young trophozoite stage that has a typical 'ring-like' appearance. Ring-form trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum are often thin and delicate, measuring on average 1/5 the diameter of the red blood cell. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/frames/m-r/malaria/falciparum/body_malariadffalcring.htm Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote stage Epimastigote stage in the lifecycle of Trypanosoma cruzi. Priti Parikh T. cruzi epimastigote stage Schistosoma japonicum adult female worm stage Priti Parikh S. japonicum adult female worm stage The fully developed mature female stage of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host. Schistosoma japonicum adult male worm stage Priti Parikh S. japonicum adult male worm stage The fully developed mature male stage of Schistosoma japonicum that occurs in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host. Schistosoma japonicum adult worm Priti Parikh S. japonicum adult worm The fully developed mature form of Schistosoma japonicum, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni adult worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni adult worm The fully developed mature form of Schistosoma mansoni, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host. Schistosoma haematobium adult male worm stage Priti Parikh S. haematobium adult male worm stage The fully developed mature male stage of Schistosoma haematobium that is found in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host. Schistosoma japonicum adult male worm Priti Parikh S. japonicum adult male worm The fully developed mature male form of Schistosoma japonicum, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host and has 4-5 testes. Schistosoma mansoni adult male worm stage Priti Parikh S. mansoni adult male worm stage The fully developed mature male stage of Schistosoma mansoni that is found in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni adult female worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni adult female worm The fully developed mature female form of Schistosoma mansoni, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives within the gynacophoric canal of the adult male worm in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host. parasite organism An organism living in, with, or on another organism in parasitism. Individual members of parasite species, such as Leishmania, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, etc. are members of this class. Priti Parikh http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parasite?show=0&t=1310398415 Schistosoma haematobium adult worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium adult worm The fully developed mature form of Schistosoma haematobium, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host. Schistosoma haematobium adult female worm stage Priti Parikh S. haematobium adult female worm stage The fully developed mature female stage of Schistosoma haematobium that is found in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host. Schistosoma haematobium adult female worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. haematobium adult female worm The fully developed mature female form of Schistosoma haematobium, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives within the gynacophoric canal of the adult male worm in the pelvic blood vessels of the vesicle plexis of the mammalian host. Schistosoma mansoni adult female worm stage Priti Parikh S. mansoni adult female worm stage The fully developed mature female stage of Schistosoma mansoni that is found in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host. adult worm stage A worm stage where the worm is matured and ready to pair up with another adult worm of the opposite gender, and reproduce. Priti Parikh http://www.path.cam.ac.uk/~schisto/schistosoma/schisto_lifecycle_egg.html Schistosoma japonicum adult female worm Priti Parikh S. japonicum adult female worm The fully developed mature female form of Schistosoma japonicum, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives within the gynacophoric canal of the adult male worm in the small superior mesenteric blood vessels associated with the ileo-caecal area of the intestine of the mammalian host. adult male worm stage An adult worm stage of a male worm. Priti Parikh http://www.path.cam.ac.uk/~schisto/schistosoma/schisto_lifecycle_egg.html Schistosoma mansoni adult male worm Flora Logan, Anna Protasio S. mansoni adult male worm The fully developed mature male form of Schistosoma mansoni, capable of sexual reproduction, which lives in the small inferior mesenteric blood vessels surrounding the large intestine of the mammalian host and has 4-5 testes. Plasmodium falciparum hepatic merozoite P. falciparum hepatic merozoite Plasmodium falciparum hepatic merozoites are produced in a hepatic schizont and are released into the bloodstream of a vertebrate host. These forms invade erythrocytes. S. Khan, C. Janse Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic merozoite P. falciparum erythrocytic merozoite Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic merozoites are produced in a erythrocytic schizont and are released into the bloodstream of a vertebrate host. These forms invade erythrocytes. S. Khan, C. Janse erythrocytic trophozoite stage A trophozoite stage, in some protozoan parasite life cycle, which occurs in erythrocytes. C. Stoeckert definition adapted from that for P. falciparum erythrocytic trophozoite stage and parent trophozoite stage Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic trophozoite P. falciparum erythrocytic trophozoite Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite that is found in erythrocytes. It is a feeding stage with a single nucleus. S. Khan, C. Janse Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic merozoite stage Erythrocytic merozoite stage, in the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle, occurs in the bloodstream of a vertebrate host. P. falciparum erythrocytic merozoite stage S. Khan, C. Janse Plasmodium falciparum hepatic merozoite stage Hepatic merozoite stage in the P. falciparum lifecycle, occurs in the hepatocyte of a vertebrate host. P. falciparum hepatic merozoite stage S. Khan, C. Janse hepatic merozoite stage A merozoite stage in the Plasmodium lifecycle, occurring in the hepatocyte of a vertebrate host. C. Stoeckert definition adapted from that for P. falciparum hepatic merozoite stage erythrocytic merozoite stage A merozoite stage, in the apicomplexan lifecycle, occurring in the bloodstream of a vertebrate host. C. Stoeckert definition adapted from that for P. falciparum salivary erythrocytic merozoite stage and from the general merozoite definition Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte P. falciparum gametocyte located either in the bloodstream of the vertebrate host or midgut of mosquito vector. Gametocytes are the precursor cells of the macro- or microgametes S Khan, C. Janse, K. Louis, C. Stoeckert broaden definition to cover both vertebrate host and vector. Plasmodium falciparum hepatic trophozoite stage P. falciparum hepatic trophozoite stage S. Khan, C. Janse Trophozoite stage, in the P. falciparum life cycle, occurs in hepatocytes. Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite stage Jie Zheng P. falciparum trophozoite stage Plasmodium falciparum oocyst-derived sporozoite stage S. Khan, C. Janse Sporozoite stage, in the P. falciparum lifecycle, occurs in the hemocoel and the salivary glands of the mosquito. Sporozoites invade hepatocytes in the vertebrate host. salivary gland-derived sporozoite stage C. Stoeckert Sporozoite stage, in the Plasmodium lifecycle, which occurs in the hemocoel and the salivary glands of the mosquito. Sporozoites invade hepatocytes in the vertebrate host. definition adapted from that for P. falciparum salivary gland derived sporozoite stage Plasmodium falciparum salivary gland-derived sporozoite stage S. Khan, C. Janse Sporozoite stage, in the P. falciparum lifecycle, occurs in the hemocoel and the salivary glands of the mosquito. Sporozoites invade hepatocytes in the vertebrate host. Plasmodium falciparum salivary gland-derived sporozoite P. falciparum salivary gland-derived sporozoite Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites are formed in the oocyst. They migrate to and resides in the salivary glands of the mosquito vector. A distinction is made between oocyst-derived and salivary gland-derived sporozoites. Sporozoites invade hepatocytes In the vertebrate host. S. Khan, C. Janse oocyst-derived sporozoite stage C. Stoeckert Sporozoite stage, in some lifecycle, which occurs in the hemocoel and the salivary glands of the mosquito. Sporozoites invade hepatocytes in the vertebrate host. definition adapted from that for P. falciparum oocyte derived sporozoite stage Plasmodium falciparum hepatic trophozoite P. falciparum hepatic trophozoite Plasmodium falciparum trophozoite that is found in hepatocytes. It is a feeding stage with a single nucleus S. Khan, C. Janse Plasmodium falciparum gamete P. falciparum gamete P. falciparum gametes that are found in midgut of mosquito vector. There are two forms of gametes: micro- and macrogametocytes. S. Khan, C. Janse Plasmodium falciparum oocyst-derived sporozoite P. falciparum oocyst-derived sporozoite Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites are formed in the oocyst. They migrate to and resides in the salivary glands of the mosquito vector. A distinction is made between oocyst-derived and salivary gland-derived sporozoites. S. Khan, C. Janse gamete stage hepatic trophozoite stage A trophozoite stage, in some protozoan parasite life cycle, which occurs in hepatocytes. C. Stoeckert definition adapted from that for P. falciparum hepatic trophozoite stage and from parent trophozoite stage Plasmodium falciparum gamete stage Gamete stage, in the Plasmodium falciparum lifecycle, occurs in the midgut of a mosquito vector. P. falciparum gamete stage S. Khan, C. Janse asexual lifecycle in host red blood cell stage asexual blood stage EuPathDB Person: Chris Stoeckert A parasite lifecycle stage that occurs as a result of asexual replication in the red blood cells of the host organism. For Plasmodium species these stages can include merozoites, trophozoites, and schizonts. ureter The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder[GO]. Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. In humans, organ with organ cavity which connects the renal sinus to the urinary bladder. Examples: There are only two ureters, the right and the left ureters. Wikipedia:Ureter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl life cycle stage A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. UBERON:cjm developmental stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl zygote stage 1-cell stage A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. Wikipedia:Zygote fertilized egg stage one cell stage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl intestine GOC:GO Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. Wikipedia:Intestine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl blood Circulating body substance which consists of blood plasma and hemoglobin-carrying red blood cells. Excludes blood analogues (see UBERON:0000179 haemolymphatic fluid). FMA:9670 Wikipedia:Blood blood portion of blood whole blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl salivary gland GO:000743 Wikipedia:Salivary_gland saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO]. The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose. In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research[WP]. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl midgut GO:0007494 Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. In humans: originates from the foregut at the opening of the bile duct into the duodenum and continues through the small intestine and much of the large intestine until the transition to the hindgut about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon. That part of the alimentary canal which lies between the gizzard and the hind intestine. Wikipedia:Midgut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl hindgut Posterior subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. Wikipedia:Hindgut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl urinary bladder FMA:15900 Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the right and left ureters and distally with the urethra. Wikipedia:Urinary_bladder bladder excretory canal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl cerebrospinal fluid CSF FMA:FMA Transudate contained in the subarachnoid space. Wikipedia:Cerebrospinal_fluid cerebral spinal fluid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl lung BTO:0000763 Respiration organ present in all air-breathing animals whose principal function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. Wikipedia:Lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl skin of body FMA:7163 Nonparenchymatous organ that consists of the dermis and epidermis. Subdivisions of the skin surround various body parts; as a whole, the skin constitutes the external layer of the body. Examples: There is only one skin[FMA]. Surface structure that consists of the external membranous integument of the animal. OMD:skin Wikipedia:Skin entire skin skin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl liver An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. BTO:0000759 Wikipedia:Liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl mesenteric vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon.owl hepatopancreas Digestive gland of crustaceans with functions approximately analogous to liver and pancreas of vertebrates - enzyme secretion, food absorption and storage. The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology:Third Edition midgut gland http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO proboscis 1: The trunk of an elephant; also: any long flexible snout.n2: Any of various elongated or extensible tubular processes as the sucking organ of a butterfly of the oral region of an invertebrate. http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=proboscis http://purl.org/obo/owl/BTO DbXref Definition Obsolete Class Obsolete Class Subset Synonym SynonymType entity continuant Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. Examples: a heart, a person, the color of a tomato, the mass of a cloud, a symphony orchestra, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building Synonyms: endurant dependent_continuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities. disposition Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] that essentially causes a specific process or transformation in the object [snap:Object] in which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object [snap:Object] has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C. Examples: the disposition of vegetables to decay when not refrigerated, the disposition of a vase to brake if dropped, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of a patient with a weakened immune system to contract disease, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity. fiat_object_part Definition: A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is part of an object [snap:Object] but is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. Examples: upper and lower lobes of the left lung, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, the east side of Saarbruecken, the lower right portion of a human torso Synonyms: fiat substance part function Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which is an essentially end-directed activity of a continuant [snap:Continuant] entity in virtue of that continuant [snap:Continuant] entity being a specific kind of entity in the kind or kinds of contexts that it is made for. Examples: the function of a birth canal to enable transport, the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc., the function of reproduction in the transmission of genetic material, the digestive function of the stomach to nutriate the body, the function of a hammer to drive in nails, the function of a computer program to compute mathematical equations, the function of an automobile to provide transportation, the function of a judge in a court of law generically_dependent_continuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. Examples: a certain PDF file that exists in different and in several hard drives independent_continuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is a bearer of quality [snap:Quality] and realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. Examples: an organism, a heart, a leg, a person, a symphony orchestra, a chair, the bottom right portion of a human torso, the lawn and atmosphere in front of our building Synonyms: substantial entity material_entity Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology. Examples: collection of random bacteria, a chair, dorsal surface of the body object Definition: A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is spatially extended, maximally self-connected and self-contained (the parts of a substance are not separated from each other by spatial gaps) and possesses an internal unity. The identity of substantial object [snap:Object] entities is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Examples: an organism, a heart, a chair, a lung, an apple Synonyms: substance object_aggregate Definition: A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is a mereological sum of separate object [snap:Object] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries. Examples: a heap of stones, a group of commuters on the subway, a collection of random bacteria, a flock of geese, the patients in a hospital Synonyms: substance aggregate object_boundary Comment: Boundaries are theoretically difficult entities to account for, however the intuitive notion of a physical boundary as a surface of some sort (whether inside or outside of a thing) will generally serve as a good guide for the use of this universal. Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is a lower dimensional part of a spatial entity, normally a closed two-dimensional surface. Boundaries are those privileged parts of object [snap:Object] entities that exist at exactly the point where the object [snap:Object] is separated off from the rest of the existing entities in the world. Examples: the surface of the skin, the surface of the earth, the surface of the interior of the stomach, the outer surface of a cell or cell wall Synonyms: substance boundary one_dimensional_region Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with one dimension. Examples: the part of space that is a line stretching from one end of absolute space to the other, an edge of a cube-shaped part of space quality Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). Examples: the color of a tomato, the ambient temperature of air, the circumference of a waist, the shape of a nose, the mass of a piece of gold, the weight of a chimpanzee realizable_entity Comment: If a realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] inheres in a continuant [snap:Continuant], this does not imply that it is actually realized. Definition: A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that inheres in continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. Examples: the role of being a doctor, the function of the reproductive organs, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity role Definition: A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant [snap:Continuant] in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant [snap:Continuant] in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. Examples: the role of a person as a surgeon, the role of a chemical compound in an experiment, the role of a patient relative as defined by a hospital administrative form, the role of a woman as a legal mother in the context of system of laws, the role of a biological grandfather as legal guardian in the context of a system of laws, the role of ingested matter in digestion, the role of a student in a university site Comment: An instance of Site [snap:Site] is a mixture of independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities which act as surrounding environments for other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities, most importantly for instances of object [snap:Object]. A site [snap:Site] is typically made of object [snap:Object] or fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart] entities and a surrounding medium in which is found an object [snap:Object] occupying the site [snap:Site]. Independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities may be associated with others (which, then, are site [snap:Site] entities) through a relation of "occupation". That relation is connected to, but distinct from, the relation of spatial location. Site [snap:Site] entities are not to be confused with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. In BFO, site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space which is different from the view corresponding to the class spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] (see the comment on this class). Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape in relation to some arrangement of other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and of the medium which is enclosed in whole or in part by this characteristic spatial shape. Site [snap:Site] entities are entities that can be occupied by other continuant [snap:Continuant] entities. Examples: a particular room in a particular hospital, Maria's nostril or her intestines for a variety of bacteria. spatial_region Comment: All instances of continuant [snap:Continuant] are spatial entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatial) location with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatial location of a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is this region itself. Comment: An instance of spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is a part of space. All parts of space are spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities and only spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are parts of space. Space is the entire extent of the spatial universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion]. Comment: Space and spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of space is sometimes called "absolutist" or "the container view". In BFO, the class site [snap:Site] allows for a so-called relational view of space, that is to say, a view according to which spatiality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to space. The bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that while instances of site [snap:Site] are not spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities, they are nevertheless spatial entities. Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is neither bearer of quality [snap:Quality] entities nor inheres in any other entities. Examples: the sum total of all space in the universe, parts of the sum total of all space in the universe specifically_dependent_continuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. Examples: the mass of a cloud, the smell of mozzarella, the liquidity of blood, the color of a tomato, the disposition of fish to decay, the role of being a doctor, the function of the heart in the body: to pump blood, to receive de-oxygenated and oxygenated blood, etc. Synonyms: property, trope, mode three_dimensional_region Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with three dimensions. Examples: a cube-shaped part of space, a sphere-shaped part of space two_dimensional_region Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with two dimensions. Examples: the surface of a cube-shaped part of space, the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space, the surface of a rectilinear planar figure-shaped part of space zero_dimensional_region Definition: A spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] with no dimensions. Examples: a point connected_spatiotemporal_region Definition: A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. Examples: the spatial and temporal location of an individual organism's life, the spatial and temporal location of the development of a fetus connected_temporal_region Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. Examples: the 1970s years, the time from the beginning to the end of a heart attack, the time taken up by cellular meiosis fiat_process_part Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. Examples: chewing during a meal, the middle part of a rainstorm, the worst part of a heart-attack, the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life occurrent Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants. Examples: the life of an organism, a surgical operation as processual context for a nosocomical infection, the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis, the most interesting part of Van Gogh's life, the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor Synonyms: perdurant process Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a maximally connected spatiotemporal whole and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. Examples: the life of an organism, the process of sleeping, the process of cell-division process_aggregate Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is a mereological sum of process [span:Process] entities and possesses non-connected boundaries. Examples: the beating of the hearts of each of seven individuals in the room, the playing of each of the members of an orchestra, a process of digestion and a process of thinking taken together process_boundary Definition: A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary. Examples: birth, death, the forming of a synapse, the onset of REM sleep, the detaching of a finger in an industrial accident, the final separation of two cells at the end of cell-division, the incision at the beginning of a surgery processual_context Comment: An instance of a processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is a mixture of processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] which stand as surrounding environments for other processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities. The class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] is the analogous among occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities to the class site [snap:Site] among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities. Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] consisting of a characteristic spatial shape inhering in some arrangement of other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities. Processual context [span:ProcessualContext] entities are characteristically entities at or in which other occurrent [span:Occurrent] entities can be located or occur. Examples: The processual context for a given manipulation occurring as part of an experiment is made of processual entities which occur in parallel, are not necessarily all parts of the experiment themselves and may involve continuant [snap:Continuant] entities which are in the spatial vicinity of the participants in the experiment. processual_entity Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. Examples: the life of an organism, the process of meiosis, the course of a disease, the flight of a bird scattered_spatiotemporal_region Definition: A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has spatial and temporal dimensions and every spatial and temporal point of which is not connected with every other spatial and temporal point of which. Examples: the space and time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the space and time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair scattered_temporal_region Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is not mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. Examples: the time occupied by the individual games of the World Cup, the time occupied by the individual liaisons in a romantic affair spatiotemporal_instant Definition: A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] at a specific moment. Examples: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a single instantaneous temporal slice (part) of a process spatiotemporal_interval Definition: A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] that endures for more than a single moment of time. Examples: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process or by a fiat processual part spatiotemporal_region Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are spatiotemporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatiotemporal) location with spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is this region itself. Comment: An instance of the spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] is a part of spacetime. All parts of spacetime are spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities and only spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are parts of spacetime. In particular, neither spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities nor temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are in BFO parts of spacetime. Spacetime is the entire extent of the spatiotemporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus itself a spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. Spacetime is among occurrents the analogous of space among continuant [snap:Continuant] entities. Comment: Spacetime and spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of spacetime can be called "absolutist" or "the container view". In BFO, the class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] allows for a so-called relational view of spacetime, that is to say, a view according to which spatiotemporality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to spacetime. In BFO, the bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that instances of processual context [span:ProcessualContext] are too spatiotemporal entities. Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] at or in which processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] entities can be located. Examples: the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life, the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor, the spatiotemporal context occupied by a process of cellular meiosis temporal_instant Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] comprising a single moment of time. Examples: right now, the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident, the moment at which a child is born, the moment of death temporal_interval Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] lasting for more than a single moment of time. Examples: any continuous temporal duration during which a process occurs temporal_region Comment: All instances of occurrent [span:Occurrent] are temporal entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (temporal) location with temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatiotemporal location of a temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is this region itself. Continuant [snap:Continuant] entities are not temporal entities in the technical sense just explained; they are related to time in a different way, not through temporal location but through a relation of existence at a time or during a period of time (see continuant [snap:Continuant]. Comment: An instance of temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] is a part of time. All parts of time are temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities and only temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are parts of time. Time is the entire extent of the temporal universe, a designated individual, which is thus a temporal region itself. Comment: Time and temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of time can be called "absolutist" or "the container view" in analogy to what is traditionally the case with space (see spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion]. Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that is part of time. Examples: the time it takes to run a marathon, the duration of a surgical procedure, the moment of death example to be eventually removed metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. placeholder This isn't a class that OBI will keep - it's a placeholder for edits that are underway. The class name should start with an underscore ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next OBI release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the definition editor. core Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by OBI to identify main classes. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot placeholder removed terms merged An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. term imported This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. term split This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. other This is to be used if none of the existing instances cover the reason for obsolescence. An editor note should indicate this new reason. We expect to be able to mine these new reasons and add instances as required.