Planarian Phenotype Ontology is an ontology of phenotypes observed in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Planarian Phenotype Ontology (PLANP) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ editor preferred term IAO:0000112 uberon example_of_usage true example_of_usage example of usage example of usage has curation status definition The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note editor note editor note term editor alternative term definition source curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg IAO:0000232 uberon curator_notes true curator_notes curator note curator notes imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from expand expression to expand expression to expand assertion to OBO foundry unique label elucidation term replaced by An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime tooth SubClassOf 'never in taxon' value 'Aves' x never in taxon T if and only if T is a class, and x does not instantiate the class expression "in taxon some T". Note that this is a shortcut relation, and should be used as a hasValue restriction in OWL. Chris Mungall ?X DisjointWith RO_0002162 some ?Y never in taxon S dubious_for_taxon T if it is probably the case that no instances of S can be found in any instance of T. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 This relation lacks a strong logical interpretation, but can be used in place of never_in_taxon where it is desirable to state that the definition of the class is too strict for the taxon under consideration, but placing a never_in_taxon link would result in a chain of inconsistencies that will take ongoing coordinated effort to resolve. Example: metencephalon in teleost dubious for taxon defined by inverse logical macro assertion on an annotation property relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y The general property hierarchy is: "directly P" SubPropertyOf "P" Transitive(P) Where we have an annotation assertion "directly P" "is direct form of" "P" If we have the annotation P is-direct-form-of Q, and we have inverses P' and Q', then it follows that P' is-direct-form-of Q' Chris Mungall is direct form of If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive 'anterior end of organism' is-opposite-of 'posterior end of organism' 'increase in temperature' is-opposite-of 'decrease in temperature' x is the opposite of y if there exists some distance metric M, and there exists no z such as M(x,z) <= M(x,y) or M(y,z) <= M(y,x). RO:0002604 quality is_opposite_of true true is_opposite_of is opposite of is_opposite_of cjm 2018-03-14T00:03:16Z is positive form of cjm 2018-03-14T00:03:24Z is negative form of part-of is homeomorphic for independent continuants. R is homemorphic for C iff (1) there exists some x,y such that x R y, and x and y instantiate C and (2) for all x, if x is an instance of C, and there exists some y some such that x R y, then it follows that y is an instance of C. cjm 2018-10-21T19:46:34Z R homeomorphic-for C expands to: C SubClassOf R only C. Additionally, for any class D that is disjoint with C, we can also expand to C DisjointWith R some D, D DisjointWith R some C. is homeomorphic for An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. UBPROP:0000001 uberon external_definition true external_definition This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO external_definition An alternate textual definition for a class taken unmodified from an external source. This definition may have been used to derive a generalized definition for the new class. Notes on the homology status of this class. UBPROP:0000003 uberon homology_notes true homology_notes This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO homology_notes Notes on the homology status of this class. Used to connect a class to an adjectival form of its label. For example, a class with label 'intestine' may have a relational adjective 'intestinal'. UBPROP:0000007 uberon has_relational_adjective true has_relational_adjective has_relational_adjective Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species. UBPROP:0000008 uberon taxon_notes true taxon_notes taxon_notes Notes on the how instances of this class vary across species. Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. This annotation property may be replaced with an annotation property from an external ontology such as IAO UBPROP:0000012 uberon external_ontology_notes true external_ontology_notes external_ontology_notes Notes on how similar or equivalent classes are represented in other ontologies. IAO:0100001 synonym typically used in the context of human anatomy IAO:0100001 synonym typically used in the context of vertebrate anatomy Term not to be used for direct annotation Term not to be used for direct manual annotation AGR slim Aspergillus GO slim Candida GO slim ChEMBL protein targets summary Drosophila GO slim FlyBase Drosophila GO ribbon slim Generic GO slim Metagenomics GO slim Mouse GO slim PIR GO slim Plant GO slim Fission yeast GO slim synapse GO slim Yeast GO slim Systematic synonym Abnormal/normal slim Absent/present slim Attribute slim cell_quality Disposition slim Pathology slim Relational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to exist Scalar slim Value slim eco subset uberon dc-contributor true dc-contributor contributor uberon dc-creator true dc-creator creator uberon dc-source true dc-source derived from resource subset_property IAO:0100001 synonym_type_property consider has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym IAO:0100001 database_cross_reference IAO:0100001 has_exact_synonym IAO:0100001 has_narrow_synonym IAO:0100001 has_obo_format_version IAO:0100001 has_obo_namespace IAO:0100001 has_related_synonym IAO:0100001 has_scope IAO:0100001 has_synonym_type in_subset IAO:0100001 shorthand uberon depicted_by true depicted_by depicted by Sofia Robb 2017-09-11T16:38:22Z depiction uberon foaf-page true foaf-page page is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 external quality spatial uberon part_of part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2. a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 external quality spatial uberon has_part has_part We use the has_part relation to relate complex qualities to more primitive ones. A complex quality is a collection of qualities. The complex quality cannot exist without the sub-qualities. For example, the quality 'swollen' necessarily comes with the qualities of 'protruding' and 'increased size'. has part has part has_part Q1 has_part Q2 if and only if: every instance of Q1 is a quality_of an entity that has_quality some Q2. PATOC:CJM preceded by X preceded_by Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X) x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by BFO:0000062 is preceded by takes place after uberon preceded_by preceded_by preceded by preceded_by is preceded by SIO:000249 takes place after Allen:precedes precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. BFO:0000063 uberon precedes precedes precedes precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in BFO:0000066 external occurs_in occurs_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t BFO:0000067 uberon contains_process contains_process Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process contains process x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer cjm 2009-07-31T02:15:46Z BSPO:0000096 rostral_to spatial uberon anterior_to anterior_to anterior to anterior_to x anterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm x anterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the head. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail: bearer x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000098 spatial uberon dorsal_to dorsal_to dorsal to dorsal_to x dorsal to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm x dorsal_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the back. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:0000099 caudal to caudal_to spatial uberon posterior_to posterior_to posterior to posterior_to x posterior to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm x posterior_to y iff x is further along the antero-posterior axis than y, towards the body/tail. An antero-posterior axis is an axis that bisects an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. caudal to x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:0000102 spatial uberon ventral_to ventral_to ventral to ventral_to x ventral to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that extends through an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). BSPO:cjm x ventral_to y iff x is further along the dorso-ventral axis than y, towards the front. A dorso-ventral axis is an axis that bisects an organism from back (e.g. spinal column) to front (e.g. belly). Crosses at an angle that is 90 degrees, or close to 90 degrees. In any non-linear organism, the main axes are rarely perpendicular when taken through the organism as a whole. BSPO:0000104 spatial approximately_perpendicular_to approximately_perpendicular_to approximately perpendicular to Crosses at an angle that is 90 degrees, or close to 90 degrees. In any non-linear organism, the main axes are rarely perpendicular when taken through the organism as a whole. BSPO:cjm On the same side as. For example, the left arm is ipsilateral to the left leg. BSPO:0000105 spatial ipsilateral_to ipsilateral_to ipsilateral to On the same side as. For example, the left arm is ipsilateral to the left leg. BSPO:cjm Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:0000107 spatial uberon deep_to deep_to deep to deep_to Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. Further away from the surface of the organism. Thus, the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but superficial to the intestines. BSPO:cjm Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:0000108 spatial uberon superficial_to superficial_to superficial to superficial_to Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. Near the outer surface of the organism. Thus, skin is superficial to the muscle layer. BSPO:cjm Direcly opposite to. i.e. on the opposite side through the axis. BSPO:0000113 spatial opposite_to opposite_to opposite to Direcly opposite to. i.e. on the opposite side through the axis. BSPO:cjm X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure BSPO:0000126 spatial uberon in_lateral_side_of in_lateral_side_of in lateral side of in_lateral_side_of https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-paired-structures-Design-Pattern X in lateral side of Y <=> if X is in left side of Y or X is in right side of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure UBERON:cjm X in_lateral_side_of Y <=> if X is in_left_side_of Y or X is in_right_side_of Y. X is often, but not always a paired structure This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0001107 spatial uberon immediately_deep_to immediately_deep_to immediately deep to immediately_deep_to This relation holds when both the deep_to and ajdacent_to relationship similarly hold. x immediately deep to y iff x deep_to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:curators BSPO:0015001 spatial finishes_axis finishes_axis A directional axis can be divided by a plane. Following Allen Interval Algebra terminology we say that the side on which the axis initiates starts the axis, with the other side finishing the axis. If s finishes axis x, and x has end point p, then x overlaps p finishes axis crossing at right angles BSPO:0015005 spatial orthogonal_to orthogonal_to orthogonal to crossing at right angles BSPO:cjm Intersects at two points. BSPO:0015006 spatial passes_through passes_through passes through Intersects at two points. BSPO:cjm BSPO:0015007 spatial starts_axis starts_axis A directional axis can be divided by a plane. Following Allen Interval Algebra terminology we say that the side on which the axis initiates starts the axis, with the other side finishing the axis. . If s starts axis x, and x has start point p, then x overlaps p starts axis BSPO:0015008 spatial surface_of surface_of placeholder. used for relation between anatomical surface and an anatomical side. surface of x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:0015014 spatial uberon immediately_superficial_to immediately_superficial_to immediately superficial to immediately_superficial_to x immediately superficial to y iff x superficial to y and x is contiguous with y. BSPO:curators This document is about information artifacts and their representations is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic. person:Alan Ruttenberg Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about Restricted to domain specific_to specific_to inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this red color inheres in this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of RO:0000053 uberon bearer_of bearer_of bearer of bearer of participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of quality of this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations. derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime location_of location of contained in Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): Intended meaning: domain: material entity range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant) contained_in contained in contains RO:0001019 uberon contains contains contains contains located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process A relationship that holds between between a receptor and an chemical entity, typically a small molecule or peptide, that carries information between cells or compartments of a cell and which binds the receptor and regulates its effector function. dos 2017-07-19T17:30:36Z has ligand dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland <= Primitive instance level timing relation between events before or simultaneous with David Osumi-Sutherland t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) simultaneous with David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends David Osumi-Sutherland di Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002124 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. encompasses David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. RO:0002087 directly preceded by is directly preceded by is immediately preceded by starts_at_end_of uberon immediately_preceded_by immediately_preceded_by X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by immediately_preceded_by A non-transitive temporal relation in which one process immediately precedes another process, such that there is no interval of time between the two processes[SIO:000251]. SIO:000251 is immediately preceded by SIO:000251 David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002123 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which starts David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland io RO:0002091 external starts_during starts_during X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during starts_during David Osumi-Sutherland d during RO:0002092 external happens_during happens_during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) happens during happens during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps RO:0002093 external ends_during ends_during X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during ends_during Every B cell[CL_0000236] has plasma membrane part some immunoglobulin complex[GO_0019814] Holds between a cell c and a protein complex or protein p if and only if that cell has as part a plasma_membrane[GO:0005886], and that plasma membrane has p as part. Alexander Diehl Chris Mungall Lindsay Cowell <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005886> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some ?Y) has plasma membrane part A overlaps B if they share some part in common. x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. BFO_0000051 some (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 spatial uberon overlaps overlaps "(forall (x y) (iff (overlaps x y) (exists (z) (and (part of z x) (part of z y)))))" CLIF [] overlaps overlaps true x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. BSPO:cjm d derived_by_descent_from a if d is specified by some genetic program that is sequence-inherited-from a genetic program that specifies a. ancestral_stucture_of evolutionarily_descended_from derived by descent from inverse of derived by descent from has derived by descendant two individual entities d1 and d2 stand in a shares_ancestor_with relation if and only if there exists some a such that d1 derived_by_descent_from a and d2 derived_by_descent_from a. Consider obsoleting and merging with child relation, 'in homology relationship with' VBO calls this homologous_to shares ancestor with serially homologous to lactation SubClassOf 'only in taxon' some 'Mammalia' x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. The original intent was to treat this as a macro that expands to 'in taxon' only ?Y - however, this is not necessary if we instead have supplemental axioms that state that each pair of sibling tax have a disjointness axiom using the 'in taxon' property - e.g. 'in taxon' some Eukaryota DisjointWith 'in taxon' some Eubacteria Chris Mungall only in taxon x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. Chris Mungall Jennifer Deegan Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Chris Mungall Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b connected to https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) attached to part of true w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. RO:0002180 uberon has_component has_component has component has component A relationship that holds between a biological entity and a phenotype. Here a phenotype is construed broadly as any kind of quality of an organism part, a collection of these qualities, or a change in quality or qualities (e.g. abnormally increased temperature). The subject of this relationship can be an organism (where the organism has the phenotype, i.e. the qualities inhere in parts of this organism), a genomic entity such as a gene or genotype (if modifications of the gene or the genotype causes the phenotype), or a condition such as a disease (such that if the condition inheres in an organism, then the organism has the phenotype). Chris Mungall has phenotype inverse of has phenotype Chris Mungall phenotype of x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel Terry Meehan RO:0002202 uberon develops_from develops_from This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from develops_from inverse of develops from Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Terry Meehan RO:0002203 uberon develops_into develops_into develops into develops_into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland has developmental precursor FBbt TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of directly develops into process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false RO:0002211 external regulates regulates regulates regulates Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002212 external negatively_regulates negatively_regulates negatively regulates negatively regulates Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. Chris Mungall positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002213 external positively_regulates positively_regulates positively regulates positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only ?Y) RO:0002215 uberon capable_of capable_of capable of capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)) RO:0002216 uberon capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable of part of true OBSOLETE x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role Chris Mungall agent in Obsoleted as the inverse property was obsoleted. actively participates in obsolete actively participates in true 'heart development' has active participant some Shh protein x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y This may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relation Chris Mungall has agent obsolete has active participant true x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x Chris Mungall surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. x adjacent_to y iff: x and y share a boundary This relation acts as a join point with BSPO Chris Mungall RO:0002220 spatial uberon adjacent_to adjacent_to adjacent to adjacent to adjacent_to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by Chris Mungall surrounds Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with Chris Mungall Allen starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y Chris Mungall develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing Chris Mungall EHDAA2 Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 develops in inverse of ends with Chris Mungall ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y Chris Mungall starts with process that occurs in has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y Chris Mungall ends with process that occurs in has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes has input Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y Chris Mungall RO:0002254 uberon has_developmental_contribution_from has_developmental_contribution_from has developmental contribution from has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from Chris Mungall RO:0002255 uberon developmentally_contributes_to developmentally_contributes_to developmentally contributes to developmentally_contributes_to t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor anatomical structure type T to T', where T' develops_from T Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel induced by Developmental Biology, Gilbert, 8th edition, figure 6.5(F) GO:0001759 We place this under 'developmentally preceded by'. This placement should be examined in the context of reciprocal inductions[cjm] developmentally induced by Inverse of developmentally induced by Chris Mungall developmentally induces Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false Chris Mungall In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one RO:0002258 uberon developmentally_preceded_by developmentally_preceded_by This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else This relation is intended for cases such as when we have a bone element replacing its cartilage element precursor. Currently most AOs represent this using 'develops from'. We need to decide whether 'develops from' will be generic and encompass replacement, or whether we need a new name for a generic relation that encompasses replacement and development-via-cell-lineage Chris Mungall replaces developmentally replaces Inverse of developmentally preceded by Chris Mungall developmentally succeeded by 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue Chris Mungall part of developmental precursor of cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, negative effect q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of Chris Mungall inheres in part of true A relationship that holds via some environmental process Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution. evolutionarily related to A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6 Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions ecologically related to An experimental relation currently used to connect a feature possessed by an organism (e.g. anatomical structure, biological process, phenotype or quality) to a habitat or environment in which that feature is well suited, adapted or provides a reproductive advantage for the organism. For example, fins to an aquatic environment. Usually this will mean that the structure is adapted for this environment, but we avoid saying this directly - primitive forms of the structure may not have evolved specifically for that environment (for example, early wings were not necessarily adapted for an aerial environment). Note also that this is a statement about the general class of structures - not every instance of a limb need confer an advantage for a terrestrial environment, e.g. if the limb is vestigial. Chris Mungall adapted for confers advantage in A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity. Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to "ribosome binding". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex We would like to say if and only if exists c', p' c part_of c' and c' capable_of p and c capable_of p' and p' part_of p then c contributes_to p However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction. Chris Mungall http://www.geneontology.org/GO.annotation.conventions.shtml#contributes_to In the context of the Gene Ontology, contributes_to may be used only with classes from the molecular function ontology. contributes to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. This relation is currently used experimentally by the Gene Ontology Consortium. It may not be stable and may be obsoleted at some future time. enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function RO:0002328 uberon functionally_related_to functionally_related_to functionally related to functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. Chris Mungall false RO:0002329 uberon part_of_structure_that_is_capable_of part_of_structure_that_is_capable_of part of structure that is capable of part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p Chris Mungall actively involved in enables part of involved in inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates Chris Mungall positively regulated by inverse of has input Chris Mungall RO:0002352 uberon input_of input_of input of input of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a Chris Mungall attached to (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) attached to m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. Chris Mungall Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy) has muscle origin We need to import uberon muscle to create a stricter domain constraint m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. Chris Mungall Wikipedia:Insertion_(anatomy) has muscle insertion We need to import uberon muscle into RO to use as a stricter domain constraint false x has_fused_element y iff: there exists some z : x has_part z, z homologous_to y, and y is a distinct element, the boundary between x and z is largely fiat Chris Mungall Chris Mungall has fused element A has_fused_element B does not imply that A has_part some B: rather than A has_part some B', where B' that has some evolutionary relationship to B. derived from ancestral fusion of A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location Chris Mungall This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios spatially coextensive with x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). Chris Mungall has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y Chris Mungall RO:0002385 uberon has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to has potential to developmentally contribute to has potential to developmentally contribute to x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y Chris Mungall has potential to developmentally induce x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y Chris Mungall RO:0002387 uberon has_potential_to_develop_into has_potential_to_develop_into has potential to develop into has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y Chris Mungall RO:0002388 uberon has_potential_to_directly_develop_into has_potential_to_directly_develop_into has potential to directly develop into has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall causally downstream of Chris Mungall immediately causally downstream of This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain Chris Mungall causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. Chris Mungall immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union Chris Mungall involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A protein that enables activity in a cytosol. c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. Chris Mungall executes activity in enables activity in is active in true c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. GOC:cjm GOC:dos A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Chris Mungall Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. Chris Mungall binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Axiomatization to GO to be added later Chris Mungall An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré molecularly controls activity directly regulates activity of directly regulates activity of Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so negatively regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly inhibits inhibits molecularly decreases activity of activity directly negatively regulates activity of directly negatively regulates activity of Holds between molecular entities A and B where A can physically interact with B and in doing so positively regulates a process that B is capable of. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré activates directly activates molecularly increases activity of activity directly positively regulates activity of directly positively regulates activity of Chris Mungall This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) Chris Mungall is symbiosis 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. Chris Mungall composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. Chris Mungall has part that occurs in true Chris Mungall is kinase activity Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, typically connecting an anatomical entity to a biological process or developmental stage. relation between physical entity and a process or stage x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). Chris Mungall existence starts during x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) Chris Mungall The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence overlaps x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). Chris Mungall The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). Chris Mungall RO:0002496 uberon existence_starts_during_or_after existence_starts_during_or_after The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts during or after x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Chris Mungall RO:0002497 uberon existence_ends_during_or_before existence_ends_during_or_before The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during or before A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes Chris Mungall depends on q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2 This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C. Chris Mungall towards The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities causal relation between material entities Chris Mungall causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by (material entity to material entity) causally influenced by Chris Mungall interaction relation helper property https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations Chris Mungall molecular interaction relation helper property Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences (material entity to material entity) causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes. biomechanically related to A relation that holds between an attribute or a qualifier and another attribute. Chris Mungall This relation is intended to be used in combination with PATO, to be able to refine PATO quality classes using modifiers such as 'abnormal' and 'normal'. It has yet to be formally aligned into an ontological framework; it's not clear what the ontological status of the "modifiers" are. has modifier Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates holds between x and y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: iff α(x) = ω(y). existence starts at end of gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p Chris Mungall has part structure that is capable of holds between x and y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: iff ω(x) = α(y). existence ends at start of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. obsolete related via dependence to true Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Melissa Haendel RO:0003000 uberon produces produces Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. Melissa Haendel RO:0003001 uberon produced_by produced_by produced by produced_by A relationship between a disease and some feature of that disease, where the feature is either a phenotype or an isolated disease. cjm 2017-12-26T19:50:53Z disease has feature Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. cjm 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. Vasundra Touré regulates activity of This relation groups relations between diseases and any other kind of entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, in which the subject or object is a disease. cjm 2018-09-26T00:00:32Z disease relationship x is parallel t y iff x and y are lines or planes which when extended indefinitely do not cross. spatial parallel_to parallel to x is parallel t y iff x and y are lines or planes which when extended indefinitely do not cross. BSPO:curators quality correlates_with correlates_with q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. quality decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'decreased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. PATOC:CJM q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. quality different_in_magnitude_relative_to different_in_magnitude_relative_to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. PATOC:CJM s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. quality has_cross_section Example: a spherical object has the quality of being spherical, and the spherical quality has_cross_section round. has_cross_section s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. PATOC:CJM q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. quality increased_in_magnitude_relative_to This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'increased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. PATOC:CJM q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. quality reciprocal_of There are frequently two ways to state the same thing: we can say 'spermatocyte lacks asters' or 'asters absent from spermatocyte'. In this case the quality is 'lacking all parts of type' - it is a (relational) quality of the spermatocyte, and it is with respect to instances of 'aster'. One of the popular requirements of PATO is that it continue to support 'absent', so we need to relate statements which use this quality to the 'lacking all parts of type' quality. reciprocal_of q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. PATOC:CJM An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. occurrent A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant spatial region An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. process disposition A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable entity quality A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. specifically dependent continuant A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. generically dependent continuant An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity immaterial entity A 2D surface of an anatomical continuant. FMA:24137 surface spatial BSPO:0000005 to be merged into CARO anatomical surface A 2D surface of an anatomical continuant. BSPO:cjm A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Anatomical_Directions_and_Axes.JPG spatial BSPO:0000010 Axis directions are defined in terms of axes. anatomical axis A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity. BSPO:cjm An axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. A-P axis AP axis anteroposterior axis cephalocaudal axis craniocaudal axis rostral/caudal rostrocaudal axis spatial longitudinal axis BSPO:0000013 In sponges, AP is used to indicate the direction of movement [in larval stage] (as it is in other metazoans that move, e.g., the basal bilaterians). [PM] anterior-posterior axis An axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail. BSPO:cjm cephalocaudal axis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location craniocaudal axis rostral/caudal rostrocaudal axis An axis that extends through an organism or organism part from the part of the organism or organism part attached to a substrate (basal) to the furthest from the attachment (apical). Note that the apical-basal axis is often used for organismal parts where there is attachment via a basal lamina or other structure. apical/basal spatial longitudinal axis BSPO:0000014 apical-basal axis relative to substrate An axis that extends through an organism or organism part from the part of the organism or organism part attached to a substrate (basal) to the furthest from the attachment (apical). Note that the apical-basal axis is often used for organismal parts where there is attachment via a basal lamina or other structure. BSPO:mah An axis that extends from the point of attachment of a structure (proximal) to the point furthest away from the plane of attachment (distal). proximal/distal proximodistal spatial BSPO:0000015 In some communities, proximal and distal are used when specifying the position of parts of elements that are contained within the body, such as gill arches or vertebral spines. In these cases, use of the classes medial-lateral axis or medial-external axis are more appropriate. proximal-distal axis An axis that extends from the point of attachment of a structure (proximal) to the point furthest away from the plane of attachment (distal). BSPO:curators http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location An axis that is approximately perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis and that extends through the horizontal plane of the body. D-V axis DV axis dorsoventral axis anterior-posterior axis spatial BSPO:0000016 dorsal-ventral axis An axis that is approximately perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis and that extends through the horizontal plane of the body. BSPO:curators anterior-posterior axis An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal plane. L-R axis LR axis R-L axis RL axis dextro-sinister axis left to right axis right to left axis right-left axis spatial BSPO:0000017 left-right axis An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal plane. BSPO:cjm Anatomical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior parts. FMA:12247 axial plane axial section transverse section spatial cross-section BSPO:0000018 transverse plane Anatomical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior parts. BSPO:mah Anatomical plane that divides bilateral body into dorsal and ventral parts. FMA:52810 frontal plane horizontal anatomical plane horizontal section spatial coronal section frontal section BSPO:0000019 horizontal plane Anatomical plane that divides bilateral body into dorsal and ventral parts. BSPO:mah horizontal anatomical plane FMA:52810 Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and dorsal regions of a body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-15T01:01:38Z anterodorsal region spatial BSPO:0000026 antero-dorsal region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and dorsal regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-15T01:04:59Z anteroventral region spatial BSPO:0000027 antero-ventral region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and lateral regions of the body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-15T01:06:01Z posterolateral region spatial BSPO:0000028 postero-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and lateral regions of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and lateral regions of a body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-15T01:07:18Z anterolateral region spatial BSPO:0000029 antero-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and lateral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and dorsal regions of the body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-15T01:08:13Z posterodorsal region spatial BSPO:0000030 postero-dorsal region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and dorsal regions of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. Melissa Haendel 2009-06-15T01:08:38Z posteroventral region spatial BSPO:0000035 postero-ventral region Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and ventral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle. FBql:00005841 spatial BSPO:0000054 anatomical side An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle. BSPO:cjm An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure anterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. FBcv:0000053 FBql:00005848 anterior rostral spatial BSPO:0000055 anterior side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure anterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. BSPO:RW An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure posterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. FBcv:0000065 FBql:00005849 posterior caudal spatial BSPO:0000056 posterior side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure posterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. BSPO:RW BSPO:wd caudal Anatomical side that is located on the apical end of an organism or structure. FBcv:0000054 FBql:00005854 apical spatial BSPO:0000057 apical side Anatomical side that is located on the apical end of an organism or structure. BSPO:wd Anatomical side that is located on the basal end of an organism or structure. FBcv:0000055 FBql:00005855 basal spatial BSPO:0000058 The part of the organism attached to a substrate. Axis of symmetry. basal side Anatomical side that is located on the basal end of an organism or structure. BSPO:wd An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. FBcv:0000059 FBql:00005842 dorsal spatial BSPO:0000063 dorsal side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. BSPO:wd FBcv:0000063 FBql:00005844 lateral spatial BSPO:0000066 lateral side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure ventral to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane. FBcv:0000070 FBql:00005843 ventral spatial BSPO:0000068 ventral side An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure ventral to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane. BSPO:RW BSPO:wd A 3D region in space without well-defined compartmental boundaries; for example, the dorsal region of an ectoderm. FBql:00005841 spatial BSPO:0000070 to be merged into CARO anatomical region A 3D region in space without well-defined compartmental boundaries; for example, the dorsal region of an ectoderm. BSPO:cjm Anatomical region anteriorly located on the body or body part. FBql:00005848 spatial BSPO:0000071 anterior region Anatomical region anteriorly located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region posteriorly located on the body or body part. FBql:00005849 spatial BSPO:0000072 posterior region Anatomical region posteriorly located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region located on the apical end on the body or body part. FBql:00005854 spatial BSPO:0000073 apical region Anatomical region located on the apical end on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region located basally on the body or body part. FBql:00005855 spatial BSPO:0000074 basal region Anatomical region located basally on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region dorsally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005842 spatial BSPO:0000079 dorsal region Anatomical region dorsally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the dorsal and lateral regions of a body or body part. FBql:00005845 dorsolateral region spatial BSPO:0000080 dorso-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the dorsal and lateral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region laterally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005844 spatial BSPO:0000082 lateral region Anatomical region laterally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region ventrally located on the body or body part. FBql:00005843 spatial BSPO:0000084 ventral region Anatomical region ventrally located on the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical region that overlaps the ventral and lateral regions of a body or body part. FBql:00005846 ventrolateral region spatial BSPO:0000085 This is an example of a composition of two axis positions. ventro-lateral region Anatomical region that overlaps the ventral and lateral regions of a body or body part. BSPO:wd FBql:00005873 FMA:9647 spatial BSPO:0000086 to be merged into CARO anatomical compartment FBcv:0000036 FBql:00005875 spatial BSPO:0000090 posterior compartment FBql:00005881 spatial BSPO:0000092 to be merged into CARO anatomical compartment boundary FBcv:0000034 FBql:00005879 spatial BSPO:0000094 dorsal/ventral compartment boundary An anatomical axis that extends from the center of the body outwards or externally. wasila.dahdul 2013-07-02T11:21:42Z spatial proximal-distal axis BSPO:0000196 The medial-external axis could apply to a sphere-shaped body. medial-external axis An anatomical axis that extends from the center of the body outwards or externally. BSPO:curators An axis that extends from the oral opening to the furthest point in an organism that is directly opposite. wasila.dahdul 2013-07-02T11:29:33Z spatial BSPO:0000198 oral-aboral axis An axis that extends from the oral opening to the furthest point in an organism that is directly opposite. BSPO:PM Anatomical surface that is located on the anterior side of the body or body part. FBql:00005848 spatial BSPO:0000371 anterior surface Anatomical surface that is located on the anterior side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the posterior side of the body or body part. FBql:00005849 spatial BSPO:0000372 posterior surface Anatomical surface that is located on the posterior side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the apical side of the body or body part. FBql:00005854 spatial BSPO:0000373 apical surface Anatomical surface that is located on the apical side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the basal side of the body or body part. FBql:00005855 spatial BSPO:0000374 basal surface Anatomical surface that is located on the basal side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that located on the dorsal side of the body or body part. FBql:00005842 spatial BSPO:0000379 dorsal surface Anatomical surface that located on the dorsal side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that located on the lateral side of the body or body part. FBql:00005844 spatial BSPO:0000382 lateral surface Anatomical surface that located on the lateral side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd Anatomical surface that is located on the ventral side of the body or body part. FBql:00005843 spatial BSPO:0000384 ventral surface Anatomical surface that is located on the ventral side of the body or body part. BSPO:wd A flat 2D plane intersecting an anatomical continuant, dividing it into two adjacent portions. FMA:242982 anatomical cross-section anatomical section plane section spatial cross-section BSPO:0000400 These anatomical sections are applicable to most bilaterally symmetrical animals, but bipedal animals such as humans have more complex usage of these terms. For example, in post-embryonic humans a coronal plane is vertical and a transverse plane is horizontal, but for embryos and quadrupeds a coronal plane is horizontal and a transverse plane is vertical. anatomical plane A flat 2D plane intersecting an anatomical continuant, dividing it into two adjacent portions. BSPO:cjm Anatomical plane that divides a bilateral body into left and right parts, not necessarily of even size. FMA:11361 left/right plane median plane sagittal section spatial BSPO:0000417 sagittal plane Anatomical plane that divides a bilateral body into left and right parts, not necessarily of even size. BSPO:DOS BSPO:cjm BSPO:mah An axis that extends from the center of organism to one or other side. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Anatomical_Directions_and_Axes.JPG M-L axis ML axis medio-lateral axis mediolateral axis spatial proximal-distal axis BSPO:0001001 Properly, the ML axis is a half axis; practically, its usage is less clumsy and less linguistically biased than "left-right". The terms may still be used relatively to describe locations along the LR axis. The gills are medial to the operculum, but lateral to the heart. medial-lateral axis An axis that extends from the center of organism to one or other side. BSPO:cjm Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. spatial CARO:0000000 anatomical entity anatomical entity Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. CARO:MAH Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. spatial CARO:0000003 anatomical structure connected anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CC:DOS An anatomical entity that has mass. spatial CARO:0000006 material anatomical entity material anatomical entity An anatomical entity that has mass. CC:DOS An anatomical entity that has no mass. spatial CARO:0000007 immaterial anatomical entity An anatomical entity that has no mass. CC:DOS A one dimensional, immaterial anatomical entity. spatial CARO:0000008 anatomical line A one dimensional, immaterial anatomical entity. CC:DOS A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. spatial CARO:0000010 anatomical boundary A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. CC:DOS cell part (CARO) cell part organism or virus or viroid multicellular anatomical structure biological entity cell neuron environmental system The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome. biological_process GO:0000002 mitochondrial genome maintenance The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome. GOC:ai GOC:vw The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. GO:0019952 GO:0050876 Wikipedia:Reproduction reproductive physiological process biological_process GO:0000003 reproduction The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. Mitotic spindle elongation begins during mitotic prophase and ends during mitotic anaphase B. spindle elongation during mitosis biological_process GO:0000022 mitotic spindle elongation The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. Mitotic spindle elongation begins during mitotic prophase and ends during mitotic anaphase B. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GOC:vw The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm. autophagic vacuole assembly autophagosome biosynthesis autophagosome formation PAS formation biological_process autophagic vacuole formation GO:0000045 autophagosome assembly The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm. GOC:autophagy PMID:9412464 autophagic vacuole assembly GOC:autophagy autophagic vacuole formation GOC:mah The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. GO:0016359 mitotic chromosome segregation mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release biological_process GO:0000070 mitotic sister chromatid segregation The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. GOC:ai GOC:jl The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. MIPS_funcat:10.03.01.01.01 G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0000080 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic G1 phase The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a mitotic cell cycle. MIPS_funcat:10.03.01.01.05 S phase of mitotic cell cycle S-phase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0000084 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic S phase The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by mitosis. MIPS_funcat:10.03.01.01.07 G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0000085 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic G2 phase The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by mitosis. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle. M phase of mitotic cell cycle M-phase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0000087 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic M phase A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. biological_process GO:0000088 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic prophase The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle. biological_process GO:0000089 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic metaphase The cell cycle phase, following prophase, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle. biological_process GO:0000090 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic anaphase The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. biological_process GO:0000093 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic telophase The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. GO:0010553 GO:0045816 down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process down regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter down-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter downregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inhibition of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter negative regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter negative regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. GO:0043147 meiotic spindle organisation spindle organization during meiosis biological_process meiotic spindle organization and biogenesis meiotic spindle stabilization GO:0000212 meiotic spindle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:go_curators GOC:mah spindle organization during meiosis GOC:mah meiotic spindle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. microtubule cytoskeleton organisation microtubule dynamics biological_process microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0000226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. GOC:mah microtubule cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah microtubule dynamics GOC:dph GOC:tb microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible. Wikipedia:Leptotene Wikipedia:Meiosis#Leptotene biological_process GO:0000237 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). leptotene The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, and during which the chromosomes first become visible. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which follows leptotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur. Wikipedia:Meiosis#Zygotene Wikipedia:Zygotene biological_process GO:0000238 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). zygotene The cell cycle phase which follows leptotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which follows zygotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome. Wikipedia:Meiosis#Pachytene Wikipedia:Pachytene biological_process GO:0000239 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). pachytene The cell cycle phase which follows zygotene during prophase I of meiosis, and during which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which follows pachytene during prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves. Wikipedia:Diplotene Wikipedia:Meiosis#Diplotene biological_process GO:0000240 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). diplotene The cell cycle phase which follows pachytene during prophase I of meiosis, during which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred. Wikipedia:Diakinesis Wikipedia:Meiosis#Diakinesis biological_process GO:0000241 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). diakinesis The cell cycle phase which follows diplotene during prophase I of meiosis, the separation of homologous chromosomes is complete and crossing over has occurred. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. GO:0007067 MIPS_funcat:10.03.01 MIPS_funcat:10.03.01.01 Wikipedia:Mitosis biological_process mitosis GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 Reactome:69278 A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Wikipedia:M_phase M-phase biological_process GO:0000279 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). M phase A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. MIPS_funcat:10.03.04 MIPS_funcat:10.03.04.07 biological_process karyokinesis GO:0000280 nuclear division The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. GOC:mah A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases. cellular_component GO:0000323 lytic vacuole A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases. GOC:krc The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. biological_process GO:0000819 sister chromatid segregation The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai GOC:elh The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. biological_process GO:0000959 mitochondrial RNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion. GOC:krc GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form. response to acid biological_process response to acid anion response to oxoanion GO:0001101 This term should be used to describe a response to a specific acid as a chemical. E.g., if an organism were responding to glutamate, then the response would be glutamate-specific; the organism is actually responding to the chemical structure of the anion portion of the dissociated acid. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. If annotating experiments where an acid is playing a role as a proton donor, please annotate to GO:0010447 'response to acidic pH' instead. response to acid chemical Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by the chemical structure of the anion portion of a dissociated acid (rather than the acid acting as a proton donor). The acid chemical may be in gaseous, liquid or solid form. GOC:go_curators GOC:rn The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity. retinoid metabolism biological_process GO:0001523 retinoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity. ISBN:0198506732 Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. Wikipedia:Angiogenesis blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels biological_process GO:0001525 angiogenesis Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. ISBN:0878932453 blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella. ciliary/flagellar motility biological_process ciliary or bacterial-type flagellar motility GO:0001539 Note that we deem eukaryotic cilia and microtubule-based flagella to be equivalent, while the bacterial- and archaeal-type flagella have a different structure. The former are microtubule-based structures that lash back and forth and are present only in eukaryotes, while the latter achieve motility by rotation. Bacterial- and archaeal-type flagella are superficially similar but have a different molecular composition and fine structure. These three structures never co-exist in the same organism. Therefore, GO:0001539 'cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility' is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term. Direct annotations to GO:0001539 'cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility' may be amended during annotation QC. cilium or flagellum-dependent cell motility Cell motility due to movement of eukaryotic cilia or bacterial-type flagella or archaeal-type flagella. GOC:cilia GOC:hjd GOC:krc Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. biological_process GO:0001558 regulation of cell growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. GOC:go_curators Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time. interpretation of external signals that regulate cell growth regulation of cell growth by detection of exogenous stimulus regulation of cell growth by sensing of exogenous stimulus regulation of growth by exogenous signal regulation of growth by exogenous stimuli regulation of growth by exogenous stimulus regulation of growth by external signal regulation of growth by external stimuli regulation of growth by external stimulus biological_process GO:0001560 regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time. GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. biological_process GO:0001568 blood vessel development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. GOC:hjd UBERON:0001981 A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. microtubule bundling biological_process GO:0001578 microtubule bundle formation A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules. GOC:dph A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus. Wikipedia:Conditioned_taste_aversion Wikipedia:Taste_aversion biological_process GO:0001661 conditioned taste aversion A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus. GOC:dph PMID:9920659 The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. acrosome formation biological_process GO:0001675 acrosome assembly The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. GOC:dph GOC:hjd GOC:tb acrosome formation GOC:dph GOC:tb A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. biological_process GO:0001775 cell activation A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. GOC:mgi_curators A programmed cell death process observed in bacteria and filamentous fungi and leading to spontaneous death by lysis. Examples are lysis of the mother cell during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis and self-degradation of fungal cells in Aspergillus nidulans. Autolysis is also involved in bacterial biofilm formation. Wikipedia:Autolysis biological_process GO:0001896 autolysis A programmed cell death process observed in bacteria and filamentous fungi and leading to spontaneous death by lysis. Examples are lysis of the mother cell during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis and self-degradation of fungal cells in Aspergillus nidulans. Autolysis is also involved in bacterial biofilm formation. GOC:add GOC:jh2 GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:10974124 PMID:19286987 PMID:26811896 Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions. biological_process necrosis GO:0001906 cell killing Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions. GOC:add Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process GO:0001907 killing by symbiont of host cells Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein. regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation biological_process GO:0001932 regulation of protein phosphorylation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein. GOC:hjd regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation GOC:bf Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. down regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation down-regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation downregulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation inhibition of protein amino acid phosphorylation biological_process GO:0001933 negative regulation of protein phosphorylation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. GOC:hjd negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation up regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation up-regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation upregulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation activation of protein amino acid phosphorylation stimulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation biological_process GO:0001934 positive regulation of protein phosphorylation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. GOC:hjd positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation GOC:bf The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. biological_process vascular system development GO:0001944 vasculature development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. GOC:dph UBERON:0002409 The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response. biological_process healing during inflammatory response inflammatory response wound healing GO:0002246 wound healing involved in inflammatory response The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue that contribute to an inflammatory response. GOC:jal ISBN:0721601871 healing during inflammatory response GOC:dph inflammatory response wound healing GOC:dph An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Wikipedia:Adaptive_immune_system acquired immune response immune memory response biological_process GO:0002250 adaptive immune response An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 acquired immune response ISBN:068340007X immune memory response GOC:add Any process of the immune system that can potentially contribute to an immune response. biological_process GO:0002252 immune effector process Any process of the immune system that can potentially contribute to an immune response. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. biological_process GO:0002262 myeloid cell homeostasis The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. CL:0000763 GOC:add A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. biological_process cell activation during immune response GO:0002263 cell activation involved in immune response A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 cell activation during immune response GOC:tb A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response. biological_process immune cell activation during inflammatory response leukocyte activation during inflammatory response GO:0002269 leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 leukocyte activation during inflammatory response GOC:tb A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. myeloid leucocyte activation biological_process GO:0002274 myeloid leukocyte activation A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. biological_process myeloid cell activation during immune response GO:0002275 myeloid cell activation involved in immune response A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 myeloid cell activation during immune response GOC:tb A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. macrophage polarization involved in immune response biological_process macrophage activation during immune response GO:0002281 macrophage activation involved in immune response A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 macrophage activation during immune response GOC:tb A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. biological_process lymphocyte activation during immune response GO:0002285 lymphocyte activation involved in immune response A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 lymphocyte activation during immune response GOC:tb The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. biological_process NK cell activation during immune response natural killer cell activation during immune response GO:0002323 natural killer cell activation involved in immune response The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add PMID:15032583 natural killer cell activation during immune response GOC:tb A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. biological_process immune cell activation during immune response leucocyte activation during immune response leukocyte activation during immune response GO:0002366 leukocyte activation involved in immune response A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 leukocyte activation during immune response GOC:tb Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. Wikipedia:Immune_system biological_process GO:0002376 Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501). immune system process Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes. biological_process GO:0002437 inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. biological_process GO:0002438 acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte. GO:0019723 GO:0042087 immune cell effector process immune cell mediated immunity leucocyte immune effector process leucocyte mediated immunity leukocyte immune effector process biological_process cell-mediated immune response cellular immune response GO:0002443 leukocyte mediated immunity Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte. myeloid leucocyte immune effector process myeloid leucocyte mediated immunity myeloid leukocyte immune effector process biological_process GO:0002444 myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors. Wikipedia:Type_II_hypersensitivity biological_process GO:0002445 type II hypersensitivity An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte. cell-mediated immunity cellular immune response biological_process GO:0002449 lymphocyte mediated immunity Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus. biological_process GO:0002460 adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus. GOC:add GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0781735149 ISBN:1405196831 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. biological_process GO:0002520 immune system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. GOC:add GOC:dph An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system. Wikipedia:Hypersensitivity biological_process hypersensitivity response GO:0002524 hypersensitivity An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system. GOC:jal ISBN:0781735149 hypersensitivity response ISBN:0781735149 Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. biological_process GO:0002526 acute inflammatory response Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. biological_process GO:0002673 regulation of acute inflammatory response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. down regulation of acute inflammatory response down-regulation of acute inflammatory response downregulation of acute inflammatory response inhibition of acute inflammatory response biological_process GO:0002674 negative regulation of acute inflammatory response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. up regulation of acute inflammatory response up-regulation of acute inflammatory response upregulation of acute inflammatory response activation of acute inflammatory response stimulation of acute inflammatory response biological_process GO:0002675 positive regulation of acute inflammatory response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. biological_process GO:0002682 regulation of immune system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. down regulation of immune system process down-regulation of immune system process downregulation of immune system process inhibition of immune system process biological_process GO:0002683 negative regulation of immune system process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. up regulation of immune system process up-regulation of immune system process upregulation of immune system process activation of immune system process stimulation of immune system process biological_process GO:0002684 positive regulation of immune system process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. regulation of immune cell activation regulation of leucocyte activation biological_process GO:0002694 regulation of leukocyte activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. down regulation of leukocyte activation down-regulation of leukocyte activation downregulation of leukocyte activation negative regulation of immune cell activation negative regulation of leucocyte activation inhibition of leukocyte activation biological_process GO:0002695 negative regulation of leukocyte activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. positive regulation of immune cell activation positive regulation of leucocyte activation up regulation of leukocyte activation up-regulation of leukocyte activation upregulation of leukocyte activation activation of leukocyte activation stimulation of leukocyte activation biological_process GO:0002696 positive regulation of leukocyte activation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. biological_process GO:0002697 regulation of immune effector process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. down regulation of immune effector process down-regulation of immune effector process downregulation of immune effector process inhibition of immune effector process biological_process GO:0002698 negative regulation of immune effector process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. up regulation of immune effector process up-regulation of immune effector process upregulation of immune effector process activation of immune effector process stimulation of immune effector process biological_process GO:0002699 positive regulation of immune effector process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. regulation of immune cell mediated immunity regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity biological_process GO:0002703 regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. down regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity down-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity downregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity negative regulation of immune cell mediated immunity negative regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity inhibition of leukocyte mediated immunity biological_process GO:0002704 negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. positive regulation of immune cell mediated immunity positive regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity up regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity up-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity upregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity activation of leukocyte mediated immunity stimulation of leukocyte mediated immunity biological_process GO:0002705 positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. biological_process GO:0002706 regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. down regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity down-regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity downregulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity inhibition of lymphocyte mediated immunity biological_process GO:0002707 negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. up regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity up-regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity upregulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity activation of lymphocyte mediated immunity stimulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity biological_process GO:0002708 positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity regulation of B-cell mediated immunity regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity biological_process GO:0002712 regulation of B cell mediated immunity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. down regulation of B cell mediated immunity down-regulation of B cell mediated immunity downregulation of B cell mediated immunity negative regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity negative regulation of B-cell mediated immunity negative regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity inhibition of B cell mediated immunity biological_process GO:0002713 negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. positive regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of B-cell mediated immunity positive regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity up regulation of B cell mediated immunity up-regulation of B cell mediated immunity upregulation of B cell mediated immunity activation of B cell mediated immunity stimulation of B cell mediated immunity biological_process GO:0002714 positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. GOC:add The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. biological_process GO:0002790 peptide secretion The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. biological_process GO:0002791 regulation of peptide secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. down regulation of peptide secretion down-regulation of peptide secretion downregulation of peptide secretion inhibition of peptide secretion biological_process GO:0002792 negative regulation of peptide secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. up regulation of peptide secretion up-regulation of peptide secretion upregulation of peptide secretion activation of peptide secretion stimulation of peptide secretion biological_process GO:0002793 positive regulation of peptide secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion. GOC:add true Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. biological_process GO:0002819 regulation of adaptive immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. down regulation of adaptive immune response down-regulation of adaptive immune response downregulation of adaptive immune response inhibition of adaptive immune response biological_process GO:0002820 negative regulation of adaptive immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. up regulation of adaptive immune response up-regulation of adaptive immune response upregulation of adaptive immune response activation of adaptive immune response stimulation of adaptive immune response biological_process GO:0002821 positive regulation of adaptive immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. biological_process GO:0002822 regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. GOC:add GOC:mtg_sensu Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. biological_process GO:0002823 negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. GOC:add GOC:mtg_sensu Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. biological_process GO:0002824 positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains. An example of this process is found in the Gnathostomata. GOC:add GOC:mtg_sensu Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. biological_process GO:0002831 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to biotic stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. down regulation of response to biotic stimulus down-regulation of response to biotic stimulus downregulation of response to biotic stimulus inhibition of response to biotic stimulus biological_process GO:0002832 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. up regulation of response to biotic stimulus up-regulation of response to biotic stimulus upregulation of response to biotic stimulus activation of response to biotic stimulus stimulation of response to biotic stimulus biological_process GO:0002833 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. biological_process GO:0002861 regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. down regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus down-regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus downregulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus inhibition of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus biological_process GO:0002862 negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. up regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus up-regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus upregulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus activation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus stimulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus biological_process GO:0002863 positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. biological_process GO:0002864 regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. down regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus down-regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus downregulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus inhibition of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus biological_process GO:0002865 negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. up regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus up-regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus upregulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus activation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus stimulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus biological_process GO:0002866 positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity. biological_process GO:0002883 regulation of hypersensitivity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity. down regulation of hypersensitivity down-regulation of hypersensitivity downregulation of hypersensitivity inhibition of hypersensitivity biological_process GO:0002884 negative regulation of hypersensitivity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity. up regulation of hypersensitivity up-regulation of hypersensitivity upregulation of hypersensitivity activation of hypersensitivity stimulation of hypersensitivity biological_process GO:0002885 positive regulation of hypersensitivity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. biological_process GO:0002886 regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. down regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity downregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity inhibition of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity biological_process GO:0002887 negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. up regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity upregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity activation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity stimulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity biological_process GO:0002888 positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. biological_process GO:0002889 regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. down regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response down-regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response downregulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response inhibition of immunoglobulin mediated immune response biological_process GO:0002890 negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. up regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response up-regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response upregulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response activation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response stimulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response biological_process GO:0002891 positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity. biological_process GO:0002892 regulation of type II hypersensitivity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity. down regulation of type II hypersensitivity down-regulation of type II hypersensitivity downregulation of type II hypersensitivity inhibition of type II hypersensitivity biological_process GO:0002893 negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity. up regulation of type II hypersensitivity up-regulation of type II hypersensitivity upregulation of type II hypersensitivity activation of type II hypersensitivity stimulation of type II hypersensitivity biological_process GO:0002894 positive regulation of type II hypersensitivity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity. GOC:add A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. puberty biological_process reproductive developmental process GO:0003006 developmental process involved in reproduction A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete puberty GOC:dph reproductive developmental process GOC:dph GOC:tb A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. organ system process biological_process GO:0003008 system process A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. GOC:mtg_cardio A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). excretory system process biological_process kidney system process GO:0003014 renal system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). GOC:cjm GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:mtg_kidney_jan10 The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. dph 2009-11-24T09:56:26Z GO:0036142 microtubule-based flagellum movement flagellar movement flagellum movement biological_process ciliary motility cilium beating flagellar motility GO:0003341 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. cilium movement The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. GOC:dph GOC:jl flagellar movement GOC:bf cilium beating GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. dph 2009-12-03T10:12:00Z GO:1900172 regulation of microtubule-based flagellum movement biological_process regulation of flagellar movement regulation of flagellum movement GO:0003352 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. regulation of cilium movement Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. GOC:dph regulation of flagellar movement GOC:TermGenie Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. dph 2009-12-03T10:16:10Z GO:1900174 positive regulation of microtubule-based flagellum movement biological_process positive regulation of flagellar movement positive regulation of flagellum movement GO:0003353 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. positive regulation of cilium movement Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. GOC:dph positive regulation of flagellar movement GOC:TermGenie Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. dph 2009-12-03T10:17:47Z GO:1900173 negative regulation of microtubule-based flagellum movement biological_process negative regulation of flagellum movement GO:0003354 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. negative regulation of cilium movement Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. GOC:dph A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. molecular process GO:0005554 molecular function molecular_function GO:0003674 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the molecular function ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose molecular function is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the molecular function of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code "no data" (ND), is used to indicate this. Despite its name, this is not a type of 'function' in the sense typically defined by upper ontologies such as Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is instead a BFO:process carried out by a single gene product or complex. molecular_function A molecular process that can be carried out by the action of a single macromolecular machine, usually via direct physical interactions with other molecular entities. Function in this sense denotes an action, or activity, that a gene product (or a complex) performs. These actions are described from two distinct but related perspectives: (1) biochemical activity, and (2) role as a component in a larger system/process. GOC:pdt Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any nucleic acid. GO:0000496 base pairing molecular_function GO:0003676 nucleic acid binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any nucleic acid. GOC:jl Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GO:0043566 plasmid binding molecular_function microtubule/chromatin interaction structure specific DNA binding structure-specific DNA binding GO:0003677 DNA binding Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb GOC:vw Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function. molecular_function GO:0003707 Some steroid hormone receptors reside in the plasma membrane and signal through second messengers or other intracellular signal transduction pathways. For steroid hormone receptors that act in the nucleus to regulate transcription, consider also annotating to the terms: nuclear receptor activity ; GO:0004879' or nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity ; GO:0030374'. steroid hormone receptor activity Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function. GOC:signaling PMID:14708019 Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. Wikipedia:Enzyme enzyme activity molecular_function GO:0003824 catalytic activity Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. GOC:vw ISBN:0198506732 enzyme activity GOC:dph GOC:tb true Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction. GO:0004926 GO:0099600 transmembrane receptor activity Reactome:R-HSA-193672 transmembrane signalling receptor activity molecular_function GO:0004888 This term includes intracellular membrane receptors, e.g. IP3 triggered release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. transmembrane signaling receptor activity Combining with an extracellular or intracellular signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity or state as part of signal transduction. GOC:go_curators Wikipedia:Transmembrane_receptor transmembrane receptor activity GOC:bf GOC:signaling Reactome:R-HSA-193672 Sphingomyelinase is activated by the NGF:p75NTR complex transmembrane signalling receptor activity GOC:mah Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. GO:0001622 GO:0001623 GO:0001624 GO:0001625 GO:0016526 Reactome:R-HSA-114552 Reactome:R-HSA-114558 Reactome:R-HSA-167408 Wikipedia:GPCR G protein coupled receptor activity G protein linked receptor activity G-protein coupled receptor activity G-protein linked receptor activity GPCR activity ligand-dependent GPCR activity receptor activity, G-protein coupled EBV-induced receptor Epstein-Barr Virus-induced receptor activity G-protein coupled receptor activity, unknown ligand Mas proto-oncogene receptor activity RDC1 receptor activity SREB receptor orphan G protein coupled receptor activity orphan G-protein coupled receptor activity orphan GPCR activity super conserved receptor expressed in brain receptor activity molecular_function GO:0004930 G protein-coupled receptor activity Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. GOC:bf Wikipedia:GPCR http://www.iuphar-db.org Reactome:R-HSA-114552 G12/13 activation by PAR Reactome:R-HSA-114558 Gq activation by PAR Reactome:R-HSA-167408 The high affinity receptor complex binds to G-protein receptor activity, G-protein coupled GOC:bf Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. receptor binding Wikipedia:Ligand_(biochemistry) receptor ligand molecular_function receptor-associated protein activity GO:0005102 Where appropriate, also consider annotating to 'receptor agonist activity ; GO:0048018'. signaling receptor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. GOC:bf GOC:ceb ISBN:0198506732 Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. GO:0005478 EC:7 Reactome:R-HSA-168313 Reactome:R-HSA-178215 molecular_function carrier GO:0005215 Some transporters, such as certain members of the SLC family, are referred to as 'carriers'; however GO uses carrier with a different meaning: a carrier binds to and transports the substance (see GO:0140104 molecular carrier activity), whereas a transporter forms some pore that allows the passing of molecules. transporter activity Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. GOC:ai GOC:dgf Reactome:R-HSA-168313 Virion-associated M2 protein mediated ion infusion Reactome:R-HSA-178215 SMAD7:SMURF1 complex is exported to the cytosol Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups. GO:0005312 GO:0015365 Reactome:R-HSA-1614546 Reactome:R-HSA-372843 dicarboxylate carrier sodium:dicarboxylate/tricarboxylate symporter activity molecular_function dicarboxylate (succinate/fumarate/malate) antiporter activity dicarboxylic acid permease activity GO:0005310 dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of dicarboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. A dicarboxylic acid is an organic acid with two COOH groups. GOC:ai Reactome:R-HSA-1614546 Sulfate is exported to the cytosol in exchange for dicarboxylate Reactome:R-HSA-372843 malate [mitochondrial matrix] + orthophosphate [cytosol] <=> malate [cytosol] + orthophosphate [mitochondrial matrix] Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, molecular_function GO:0005342 organic acid transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of organic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic acids are acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, ISBN:0198506732 The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. Wikipedia:Binding_(molecular) ligand molecular_function GO:0005488 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct, manual gene product annotation. Please choose a more specific child term, or request a new one if no suitable term is available. For ligands that bind to signal transducing receptors, consider the molecular function term 'receptor binding ; GO:0005102' and its children. binding The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ceb GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). GO:0001948 GO:0045308 MIPS_funcat:16.01 MIPS_funcat:18.01.07 Reactome:R-HSA-170835 Reactome:R-HSA-170846 protein amino acid binding glycoprotein binding molecular_function GO:0005515 protein binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). GOC:go_curators Reactome:R-HSA-170835 An anchoring protein, ZFYVE9 (SARA), recruits SMAD2/3 Reactome:R-HSA-170846 TGFBR2 recruits TGFBR1 A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). GO:0008372 NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 cell or subcellular entity cellular component cellular_component subcellular entity GO:0005575 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code "no data" (ND), is used to indicate this. cellular_component A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). GOC:pdt NIF_Subcellular:sao1337158144 subcellular entity NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_100315 The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. MIPS_funcat:70.27 Wikipedia:Extracellular extracellular cellular_component GO:0005576 Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'. extracellular region The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. GOC:go_curators That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. NIF_Subcellular:sao1425028079 cellular_component intercellular space GO:0005615 Note that for multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism that are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term. extracellular space That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. ISBN:0198547684 The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins. Wikipedia:Cell_wall cellular_component GO:0005618 cell wall The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins. GOC:giardia ISBN:0198547684 PMID:15134259 Wikipedia:Microbial_cyst The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. Wikipedia:Intracellular internal to cell protoplasm cellular_component nucleocytoplasm protoplast GO:0005622 intracellular The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. ISBN:0198506732 nucleocytoplasm GOC:mah protoplast GOC:mah The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. cell and encapsulating structures NIF_Subcellular:sao1813327414 Wikipedia:Cell_(biology) cellular_component GO:0005623 cell The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:go_curators A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. MIPS_funcat:70.10 NIF_Subcellular:sao1702920020 Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus cell nucleus horsetail nucleus cellular_component GO:0005634 nucleus nucleus A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. GOC:go_curators horsetail nucleus GOC:al GOC:mah GOC:vw PMID:15030757 A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. NIF_Subcellular:sao1820400233 Wikipedia:Nucleolus cellular_component GO:0005730 nucleolus A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. ISBN:0198506732 All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. Wikipedia:Cytoplasm cellular_component GO:0005737 cytoplasm All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. ISBN:0198547684 A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. NIF_Subcellular:sao1860313010 Wikipedia:Mitochondrion mitochondria cellular_component GO:0005739 Some anaerobic or microaerophilic organisms (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and several Microsporidia species) do not have mitochondria, and contain mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) instead, called mitosomes or hydrogenosomes, very likely derived from mitochondria. To annotate gene products located in these mitochondrial relics in species such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis or others, please use GO:0032047 'mitosome' or GO:0042566 'hydrogenosome'. (See PMID:24316280 for a list of species currently known to contain mitochondrion-related organelles.) mitochondrion A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. GOC:giardia ISBN:0198506732 The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space. cellular_component GO:0005740 mitochondrial envelope The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space. GOC:ai GOC:pz The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope. GO:0031971 NIF_Subcellular:sao118944228 mitochondrial envelope lumen cellular_component mitochondrial membrane lumen GO:0005758 mitochondrial intermembrane space The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope. GOC:mah The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation. GO:0031980 NIF_Subcellular:sao1804523077 Wikipedia:Mitochondrial_matrix mitochondrial lumen mitochondrial stroma cellular_component GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty acid oxidation. GOC:as ISBN:0198506732 A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. NIF_Subcellular:sao585356902 Wikipedia:Lysosome cellular_component GO:0005764 lysosome A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. Wikipedia:Vacuole cellular_component vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y GO:0005773 vacuole A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0198506732 The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane. cellular_component GO:0005775 vacuolar lumen The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane. ISBN:0198506732 The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). NIF_Subcellular:sao1036339110 Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum ER cellular_component GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). ISBN:0198506732 The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. GO:0016022 ER cisterna ER lumen cisternal lumen endoplasmic reticulum cisterna cellular_component GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. ISBN:0198547684 The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER or SER) has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER. NIF_Subcellular:sao710427438 Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum#Smooth_endoplasmic_reticulum SER smooth ER cellular_component GO:0005790 smooth endoplasmic reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER or SER) has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER. ISBN:0198506732 The rough (or granular) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae. NIF_Subcellular:sao1881364067 Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum#Rough_endoplasmic_reticulum RER rough ER cellular_component GO:0005791 rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough (or granular) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae. ISBN:0198506732 A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. Golgi NIF_Subcellular:sao451912436 Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus Golgi complex Golgi ribbon cellular_component GO:0005794 Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon. Golgi apparatus A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. ISBN:0198506732 Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell. NIF_Subcellular:sao819927218 cellular_component Golgi vesicle vesicular component GO:0005798 Note that this definition includes vesicles that are transiently associated with the Golgi. Golgi-associated vesicle Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell. GOC:mah vesicular component NIF_Subcellular:sao138219748 The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the convex side of the Golgi apparatus, which abuts the endoplasmic reticulum. cis face NIF_Subcellular:sao632188024 cis Golgi network cellular_component Golgi cis face Golgi cis-face forming face GO:0005801 The CGN is not considered part of the Golgi apparatus but is a separate organelle. cis-Golgi network The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the convex side of the Golgi apparatus, which abuts the endoplasmic reticulum. ISBN:0198506732 ISBN:0815316194 cis face NIF_Subcellular:sao632188024 An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins. adiposome lipid body lipid particle cellular_component GO:0005811 Note that this term does not refer to vesicles, but instead to structures in which lipids do not necessarily form bilayers. lipid droplet An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins. GOC:mah GOC:tb The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. Wikipedia:Spindle_apparatus cellular_component GO:0005819 spindle The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. ISBN:0198547684 The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. NIF_Subcellular:sao101633890 Wikipedia:Cytosol cellular_component GO:0005829 cytosol The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. GOC:hjd GOC:jl A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of ribosomes held together by messenger RNA. They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro. NIF_Subcellular:sao1038025871 Wikipedia:Polysome polyribosome cellular_component GO:0005844 polysome A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of ribosomes held together by messenger RNA. They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro. ISBN:0198506732 NIF_Subcellular:sao1038025871 polyribosome NIF_Subcellular:sao1038025871 Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton cellular_component GO:0005856 cytoskeleton Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. GOC:mah ISBN:0198547684 PMID:16959967 The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. GO:0005904 juxtamembrane NIF_Subcellular:sao1663586795 Wikipedia:Cell_membrane cell membrane cellular membrane cytoplasmic membrane plasmalemma bacterial inner membrane inner endospore membrane plasma membrane lipid bilayer cellular_component GO:0005886 plasma membrane The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. ISBN:0716731363 cellular membrane NIF_Subcellular:sao6433132645 plasma membrane lipid bilayer GOC:mah A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. GO:0072372 FMA:67181 NIF_Subcellular:sao787716553 Wikipedia:Cilium eukaryotic flagellum microtubule-based flagellum primary cilium cellular_component flagellum GO:0005929 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. In most eukaryotic species, intracellular sub-components of the cilium, such as the ciliary base and rootlet, are located near the plasma membrane. In Diplomonads such as Giardia, instead, the same ciliary parts are located further intracellularly. Also, 'cilium' may be used when axonemal structure and/or motility are unknown, or when axonemal structure is unusual. For all other cases, please refer to children of 'cilium'. Finally, note that any role of ciliary proteins in sensory events should be captured by annotating to relevant biological process terms. cilium A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. GOC:cilia GOC:curators GOC:kmv GOC:vw ISBN:0198547684 PMID:16824949 PMID:17009929 PMID:20144998 The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. Wikipedia:Cell_cortex cellular_component cell periphery peripheral cytoplasm GO:0005938 cell cortex The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule. janelomax 2012-10-23T15:40:34Z GO:0044261 GO:0044723 Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism carbohydrate metabolism multicellular organismal carbohydrate metabolic process biological_process single-organism carbohydrate metabolic process GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. organic acid metabolism biological_process GO:0006082 organic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates. regulation of carbohydrate metabolism biological_process GO:0006109 regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates. GOC:go_curators Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GO:0055134 cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:ai nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. regulation of nucleotide metabolism biological_process GO:0006140 regulation of nucleotide metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine nucleotide metabolism purine metabolic process purine metabolism biological_process GO:0006163 purine nucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. MetaCyc:DENOVOPURINE2-PWY purine nucleotide anabolism purine nucleotide biosynthesis purine nucleotide formation purine nucleotide synthesis biological_process GO:0006164 purine nucleotide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. GO:0055132 DNA metabolism cellular DNA metabolism biological_process GO:0006259 DNA metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. ISBN:0198506732 The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties. biological_process GO:0006304 DNA modification The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties. GOC:jl GOC:ma The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis. biological_process GO:0006305 DNA alkylation The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis. ISBN:0716735970 The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine. Wikipedia:DNA_methylation biological_process GO:0006306 DNA methylation The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine. GOC:ems ISBN:0198506732 Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. DNA condensation DNA organisation DNA organization biological_process GO:0006323 DNA packaging Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. GO:0006350 GO:0061018 GO:0061022 cellular transcription transcription Wikipedia:Transcription_(genetics) DNA-dependent transcription cellular transcription, DNA-dependent transcription, DNA-dependent biological_process transcription regulator activity GO:0006351 transcription, DNA-templated The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. GOC:jl GOC:txnOH transcription, DNA-dependent GOC:txnOH Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GO:0032583 GO:0045449 GO:0061019 transcriptional control regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent biological_process regulation of gene-specific transcription GO:0006355 regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent GOC:txnOH Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. GO:0006358 GO:0010551 regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14854 GO:0032568 GO:0032569 transcription from Pol II promoter transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter general transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0006366 transcription by RNA polymerase II The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). GOC:jl GOC:txnOH ISBN:0321000382 specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:mah The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14854 transcription from mitochondrial promoter biological_process GO:0006390 mitochondrial transcription The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase. GOC:jl The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). protein modification process biological_process process resulting in protein modification protein tagging activity GO:0006464 cellular protein modification process The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). GOC:go_curators protein modification process GOC:bf GOC:jl The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. protein amino acid phosphorylation biological_process GO:0006468 protein phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. GOC:hb protein amino acid phosphorylation GOC:bf A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. GO:0065006 protein amino acid glycosylation biological_process protein-carbohydrate complex assembly GO:0006486 protein glycosylation A protein modification process that results in the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. GOC:curators GOC:pr protein amino acid glycosylation GOC:bf A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan. RESID:AA0151 RESID:AA0156 RESID:AA0327 protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation biological_process N-glycan biosynthesis N-glycan metabolism GO:0006487 protein N-linked glycosylation A protein glycosylation process in which a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit is added to a protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine, the omega-N of arginine, or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan. GOC:pr RESID:AA0151 RESID:AA0156 RESID:AA0327 protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation GOC:bf The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. Wikipedia:Proteolysis peptidolysis ATP-dependent proteolysis biological_process GO:0006508 This term was intentionally placed under 'protein metabolic process ; GO:0019538' rather than 'protein catabolic process ; GO:0030163' to cover all processes centered on breaking peptide bonds, including those involved in protein processing. proteolysis The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds. GOC:bf GOC:mah ATP-dependent proteolysis GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. amino acid derivative metabolic process cellular amino acid derivative metabolic process cellular amino acid derivative metabolism cellular modified amino acid metabolism modified amino acid metabolic process modified amino acid metabolism biological_process GO:0006575 cellular modified amino acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents. GOC:ai cellular modified amino acid metabolism GOC:mah modified amino acid metabolic process GOC:mah modified amino acid metabolism GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism lipid metabolism biological_process GO:0006629 lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids. GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. GO:0016096 isoprenoid metabolism polyisoprenoid metabolic process polyisoprenoid metabolism polyterpene metabolic process polyterpene metabolism biological_process GO:0006720 isoprenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues. ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups. terpenoid metabolism biological_process GO:0006721 terpenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. aromatic compound metabolism aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic process aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism biological_process GO:0006725 cellular aromatic compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:ai ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed. GO:0006752 coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism coenzyme metabolism group transfer coenzyme metabolic process group transfer coenzyme metabolism biological_process GO:0006732 coenzyme metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside. nucleoside phosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0006753 nucleoside phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. GO:0006758 GO:0006759 ATP anabolism ATP biosynthesis ATP formation ATP synthesis ATP regeneration biological_process GO:0006754 ATP biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units. folate and derivative metabolic process folate and derivative metabolism folate-containing compound metabolic process folate-containing compound metabolism folic acid and derivative metabolic process folic acid and derivative metabolism folic acid-containing compound metabolism vitamin B9 and derivative metabolic process vitamin B9 and derivative metabolism vitamin M and derivative metabolic process vitamin M and derivative metabolism biological_process GO:0006760 folic acid-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a folic acid-containing compound, i.e. any of a group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units. GOC:ai GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems. vitamin metabolism biological_process GO:0006766 vitamin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water. water-soluble vitamin metabolism biological_process GO:0006767 water-soluble vitamin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions. Wikipedia:Biotin biotin metabolism vitamin B7 metabolic process vitamin B7 metabolism vitamin H metabolic process vitamin H metabolism biological_process GO:0006768 biotin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. Wikipedia:Thiamine thiamin metabolic process thiamin metabolism thiamine metabolism vitamin B1 metabolic process vitamin B1 metabolism biological_process GO:0006772 thiamine metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water. fat-soluble vitamin metabolism biological_process GO:0006775 fat-soluble vitamin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene. vitamin A metabolism biological_process GO:0006776 vitamin A metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene. GOC:jl http://www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/biochem/thcme/vitamins.html#k The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. Wikipedia:Sulfur_metabolism sulfur metabolism sulphur metabolic process sulphur metabolism biological_process GO:0006790 sulfur compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4). phosphorus metabolism biological_process GO:0006793 phosphorus metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4). GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. MIPS_funcat:01.04 phosphate metabolism biological_process phosphate metabolic process GO:0006796 phosphate-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. nitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:0006807 nitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. janelomax 2012-12-13T16:25:32Z GO:0015457 GO:0015460 GO:0044765 small molecule transport solute:solute exchange biological_process single-organism transport GO:0006810 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term, for e.g. to transmembrane transport, to microtubule-based transport or to vesicle-mediated transport. transport The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein. GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0006811 ion transport The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GO:0006822 biological_process GO:0006820 anion transport The directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GO:0006841 biological_process sodium:dicarboxylate transport GO:0006835 dicarboxylic acid transport The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:krc The process in which a drug is transported across a membrane. drug membrane transport biological_process multidrug transport GO:0006855 Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. drug transmembrane transport The process in which a drug is transported across a membrane. GOC:ai GOC:bf The transport of substances that occurs outside cells. biological_process GO:0006858 extracellular transport The transport of substances that occurs outside cells. GOC:go_curators Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions at the level of a cell. biological_process GO:0006873 cellular ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions at the level of a cell. GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell. regulation of calcium ion concentration biological_process GO:0006874 cellular calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell. GOC:ceb GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of metal ions at the level of a cell. cellular heavy metal ion homeostasis biological_process GO:0006875 cellular metal ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of metal ions at the level of a cell. GOC:ai GOC:mah The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. GO:0032779 biological_process copper-induced intracellular protein transport GO:0006886 intracellular protein transport The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell. GOC:mah copper-induced intracellular protein transport GOC:al The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. jl 2013-12-19T15:26:17Z GO:0006902 GO:1902591 membrane evagination vesicle biosynthesis vesicle formation biological_process nonselective vesicle assembly single organism membrane budding single-organism membrane budding vesicle budding GO:0006900 vesicle budding from membrane The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle. GOC:jid GOC:tb single organism membrane budding GOC:TermGenie The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo. biological_process GO:0006903 vesicle targeting The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo. GOC:mah PMID:17335816 The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. GO:0016238 Wikipedia:Autophagy_(cellular) biological_process GO:0006914 autophagy The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. GOC:autophagy ISBN:0198547684 PMID:11099404 PMID:9412464 A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. GO:0006917 GO:0008632 cell suicide cellular suicide Wikipedia:Apoptosis apoptotic cell death apoptotic programmed cell death programmed cell death by apoptosis activation of apoptosis apoptosis apoptosis signaling apoptotic program type I programmed cell death biological_process apoptosis activator activity caspase-dependent programmed cell death commitment to apoptosis induction of apoptosis induction of apoptosis by p53 signaling (initiator) caspase activity GO:0006915 apoptotic process A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. GOC:cjm GOC:dhl GOC:ecd GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 PMID:18846107 PMID:21494263 apoptotic cell death GOC:sl apoptotic program GOC:add The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis. cellular component disassembly involved in apoptotic process disassembly of cell structures cellular component disassembly involved in apoptosis biological_process GO:0006921 cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:tb The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore. cellular component motion cellular component movement biological_process cell movement GO:0006928 Note that in GO cellular components include whole cells (cell is_a cellular component). movement of cell or subcellular component The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore. GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mlg cellular component motion GOC:dph GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process response to abiotic stress response to biotic stress GO:0006950 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GO:0002217 GO:0042829 defence response physiological defense response biological_process antimicrobial peptide activity defense/immunity protein activity GO:0006952 defense response Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GOC:go_curators The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. inflammation Wikipedia:Inflammation biological_process GO:0006954 inflammatory response The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0198506732 Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. biological_process GO:0006955 immune response Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 A defense response that is mediated by cells. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18111 GO:0002818 GO:0016066 GO:0016067 cellular defence response intracellular defence response intracellular defense response biological_process GO:0006968 cellular defense response A defense response that is mediated by cells. GOC:ebc Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. osmotic response osmotic stress response biological_process GO:0006970 response to osmotic stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. HOG response hypertonic response response to hypertonicity biological_process GO:0006972 hyperosmotic response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell. GOC:jl PMID:12142009 response to hypertonicity GOC:mah GOC:yaf Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. GO:0034984 response to DNA damage stimulus DNA damage response cellular DNA damage response response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:0006974 cellular response to DNA damage stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. GOC:go_curators A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. jl 2013-12-19T15:25:51Z GO:1902589 organelle organisation single organism organelle organization biological_process organelle organization and biogenesis single-organism organelle organization GO:0006996 organelle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:mah single organism organelle organization GOC:TermGenie organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. GO:0048287 nuclear organisation nuclear organization biological_process nuclear morphology nuclear organization and biogenesis nucleus organization and biogenesis GO:0006997 nucleus organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:jl GOC:mah nuclear organization and biogenesis GOC:mah nucleus organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. mitochondria organization mitochondrion organisation biological_process mitochondrion organization and biogenesis GO:0007005 mitochondrion organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah GOC:sgd_curators PMID:9786946 mitochondria organization GOC:mah mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion. mitochondrial membrane organisation biological_process mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis GO:0007006 mitochondrial membrane organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. cytoskeleton organisation biological_process cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis cytoskeletal regulator activity cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0007010 cytoskeleton organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis GOC:mah cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. biological_process GO:0007017 microtubule-based process Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. GOC:mah A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. biological_process GO:0007018 microtubule-based movement A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. GOC:cjm ISBN:0815316194 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. GO:0044086 vacuole organisation vacuolar assembly biological_process vacuole biogenesis vacuole organization and biogenesis GO:0007033 vacuole organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. GOC:mah vacuolar assembly GOC:mah vacuole biogenesis GOC:mah vacuole organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings. biological_process GO:0007036 vacuolar calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings. GOC:ai GOC:mah The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. MIPS_funcat:10 MIPS_funcat:10.03 Wikipedia:Cell_cycle cell-division cycle biological_process GO:0007049 cell cycle The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. GO:0043146 spindle organisation biological_process spindle organization and biogenesis spindle stabilization GO:0007051 spindle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. GOC:go_curators GOC:mah spindle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15341 GO:0000071 GO:0030472 GO:0043148 mitotic spindle organisation spindle organization and biogenesis during mitosis mitotic spindle organisation in nucleus mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis in cell nucleus mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis in nucleus mitotic spindle organization in nucleus spindle organization and biogenesis in nucleus during mitosis biological_process mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis mitotic spindle stabilization GO:0007052 In fission yeast most mitotic spindle organization occurs in the nucleus. mitotic spindle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:go_curators GOC:mah mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. biological_process GO:0007053 spindle assembly involved in male meiosis The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:mah The formation of the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. biological_process male meiosis II spindle assembly GO:0007055 spindle assembly involved in male meiosis II The formation of the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in males. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. biological_process female meiotic spindle assembly GO:0007056 spindle assembly involved in female meiosis The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. biological_process female meiosis II spindle assembly GO:0007058 spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:mah The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. Wikipedia:Chromosome_segregation chromosome division biological_process chromosome transmission GO:0007059 chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. GOC:jl GOC:mah GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GOC:vw The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. biological_process GO:0007076 mitotic chromosome condensation The cell cycle process in which chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. regulation of mitosis biological_process GO:0007088 regulation of mitotic nuclear division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. GOC:go_curators The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. biological_process GO:0007128 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic prophase I The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis I and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase, following prophase I, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis I. biological_process GO:0007132 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic metaphase I The cell cycle phase, following prophase I, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis I. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis I. biological_process GO:0007133 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic anaphase I The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis I. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. biological_process GO:0007134 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic telophase I The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase I of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The second nuclear division of meiosis, in which the two chromatids in each chromosome are separated, resulting in four daughter nuclei from the two nuclei produced in meiosis II. Wikipedia:Meiosis#Meiosis_II meiosis II nuclear division biological_process GO:0007135 meiosis II The second nuclear division of meiosis, in which the two chromatids in each chromosome are separated, resulting in four daughter nuclei from the two nuclei produced in meiosis II. GOC:dph GOC:mah ISBN:0198547684 The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. biological_process GO:0007136 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic prophase II The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of meiosis II and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase, following prophase II, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis II. biological_process GO:0007137 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic metaphase II The cell cycle phase, following prophase II, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis II. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis II. biological_process GO:0007138 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic anaphase II The cell cycle phase during which chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle the as part of meiosis II. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase II of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. biological_process GO:0007139 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic telophase II The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase II of meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline. male nuclear division biological_process male meiosis GO:0007140 male meiotic nuclear division A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:vw A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline. male meiosis II nuclear division biological_process GO:0007142 male meiosis II A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline. GOC:dph GOC:mah A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline. female meiosis female meiotic division biological_process GO:0007143 Note that female germ lines can be found in female or hermaphroditic organisms, so this term can be used to annotate gene products from hermaphrodites such as those of C. elegans. See also the biological process term 'meiotic nuclear division; GO:0140013'. female meiotic nuclear division A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:mah GOC:vw The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline. female meiosis II nuclear division biological_process GO:0007147 female meiosis II The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline. GOC:mah Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. Wikipedia:Cell_signaling biological_process GO:0007154 cell communication Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:mah The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. davidos 2014-04-15T15:59:10Z GO:0098602 Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion biological_process cell adhesion molecule activity single organism cell adhesion GO:0007155 cell adhesion The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. GOC:hb GOC:pf Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. down regulation of cell adhesion down-regulation of cell adhesion downregulation of cell adhesion inhibition of cell adhesion biological_process cell adhesion receptor inhibitor activity GO:0007162 negative regulation of cell adhesion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. GOC:go_curators The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. GO:0023033 MIPS_funcat:30 Wikipedia:Signal_transduction signaling cascade signalling cascade biological_process signaling pathway signalling pathway GO:0007165 Note that signal transduction is defined broadly to include a ligand interacting with a receptor, downstream signaling steps and a response being triggered. A change in form of the signal in every step is not necessary. Note that in many cases the end of this process is regulation of the initiation of transcription. Note that specific transcription factors may be annotated to this term, but core/general transcription machinery such as RNA polymerase should not. signal transduction The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 signalling pathway GOC:mah A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. GO:0038042 G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway GPCR signaling pathway GPCR signalling pathway G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway via GPCR dimer dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway biological_process GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane. GOC:bf GOC:mah PMID:16902576 PMID:24568158 Wikipedia:G_protein-coupled_receptor G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway GOC:bf G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway via GPCR dimer GOC:bf dimeric G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. cell-cell signalling biological_process GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. GOC:dos GOC:mah The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). MIPS_funcat:41 biological_process GO:0007275 Note that this term was 'developmental process'. multicellular organism development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. GO:0009552 biological_process gametogenesis GO:0007276 gamete generation The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. GOC:ems GOC:mtg_sensu The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. germ-cell development primordial germ cell development biological_process GO:0007281 germ cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. GOC:go_curators The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. Wikipedia:Spermatogenesis generation of spermatozoa biological_process GO:0007283 spermatogenesis The developmental process by which male germ line stem cells self renew or give rise to successive cell types resulting in the development of a spermatozoa. GOC:jid ISBN:9780878933846 PMID:28073824 PMID:30990821 generation of spermatozoa The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Wikipedia:Spermiogenesis spermatid cell development spermiogenesis biological_process GO:0007286 spermatid development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement. biological_process GO:0007288 sperm axoneme assembly The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement. GOC:bf GOC:cilia ISBN:0198547684 The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. spermatid nuclear differentiation biological_process GO:0007289 See also the Cell Ontology term 'spermatid ; CL:0000018'. spermatid nucleus differentiation The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization. GOC:bf GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. biological_process GO:0007292 female gamete generation Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. GOC:dph ISBN:0198506732 The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote. MIPS_funcat:41.05.01 biological_process zygote biosynthesis zygote formation GO:0007338 single fertilization The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote. GOC:ems GOC:mtg_sensu Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. mitotic cell cycle modulation mitotic cell cycle regulation modulation of mitotic cell cycle progression regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle biological_process mitotic cell cycle regulator GO:0007346 regulation of mitotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. biological_process pan-neural process GO:0007399 nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. GOC:dgh The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. Wikipedia:Neural_development CNS development biological_process GO:0007417 central nervous system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. GOC:bf GOC:jid ISBN:0582227089 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). biological_process GO:0007420 brain development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb UBERON:0000955 A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). GO:0016280 Wikipedia:Aging ageing biological_process GO:0007568 aging A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). GOC:PO_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus. response to nutrients nutritional response pathway biological_process GO:0007584 response to nutrient Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus. GOC:go_curators The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. Wikipedia:Excretion biological_process GO:0007588 excretion The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. ISBN:0192801023 The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers. Wikipedia:Coagulation blood clotting biological_process GO:0007596 blood coagulation The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers. ISBN:0198506732 http://www.graylab.ac.uk/omd/ The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part. Wikipedia:Hemostasis biological_process GO:0007599 hemostasis The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part. ISBN:0198506732 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Wikipedia:Perception biological_process GO:0007600 sensory perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai GOC:dph The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. Wikipedia:Visual_perception sense of sight sensory visual perception vision biological_process GO:0007601 visual perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. GOC:ai The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal. Wikipedia:Visual_phototransduction phototransduction, visible light, light adaptation phototrophin mediated phototransduction biological_process opsin GO:0007602 phototransduction The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal. GOC:go_curators The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. visual cascade visual transduction biological_process GO:0007603 phototransduction, visible light The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 visual cascade PMID:1962207 PMID:9822721 visual transduction PMID:10611962 The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 400 nanometers. phototransduction, UV light phototransduction, UV radiation phototransduction, ultraviolet light phototransduction, ultraviolet radiation biological_process UV-sensitive opsin GO:0007604 phototransduction, UV The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 400 nanometers. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. Wikipedia:Hearing_(sense) hearing perception of sound biological_process GO:0007605 sensory perception of sound The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. chemosensory perception biological_process GO:0007606 sensory perception of chemical stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process. Wikipedia:Olfaction olfaction scent perception sense of smell smell perception biological_process GO:0007608 sensory perception of smell The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. janelomax 2012-09-20T14:06:08Z GO:0023032 GO:0044708 GO:0044709 Wikipedia:Behavior behavioral response to stimulus behaviour behavioural response to stimulus biological_process single-organism behavior GO:0007610 1. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation reviews. 2. While a broader definition of behavior encompassing plants and single cell organisms would be justified on the basis of some usage (see PMID:20160973 for discussion), GO uses a tight definition that limits behavior to animals and to responses involving the nervous system, excluding plant responses that GO classifies under development, and responses of unicellular organisms that has general classifications for covering the responses of cells in multicellular organisms (e.g. cell chemotaxis). behavior The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. GOC:ems GOC:jl ISBN:0395448956 PMID:20160973 The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. biological_process GO:0007611 learning or memory The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. GOC:jid PMID:8938125 Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. Wikipedia:Learning biological_process GO:0007612 learning Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. ISBN:0582227089 ISBN:0721662544 The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). Wikipedia:Memory biological_process GO:0007613 memory The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). GOC:curators ISBN:0582227089 The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation. Wikipedia:Short-term_memory biological_process GO:0007614 short-term memory The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation. ISBN:0582227089 http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation. Wikipedia:Long-term_memory biological_process GO:0007616 long-term memory The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation. ISBN:0582227089 http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. Wikipedia:Mating_behaviour mating behaviour biological_process GO:0007617 mating behavior The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. GOC:ai GOC:dph The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes. biological_process GO:0007618 mating The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes. GOC:jl ISBN:0387520546 The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. biological_process GO:0007620 copulation The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. ISBN:0721662544 The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity. rhythmic behavioral response to stimulus rhythmic behaviour rhythmic behavioural response to stimulus biological_process GO:0007622 rhythmic behavior The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity. GOC:jl GOC:pr Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GO:0050895 Wikipedia:Circadian_rhythm circadian process biological_process circadian response response to circadian rhythm GO:0007623 circadian rhythm Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GOC:bf GOC:go_curators The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. behavior via locomotion locomotion in response to stimulus locomotory behavioral response to stimulus locomotory behaviour locomotory behavioural response to stimulus biological_process GO:0007626 locomotory behavior The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. GOC:dph Behavior associated with the intake of food. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18547 janelomax 2011-10-27T03:53:33Z GO:0044366 GO:0044367 GO:0044368 GO:0044369 GO:0044370 GO:0044371 GO:0044372 Wikipedia:List_of_feeding_behaviours behavioral response to food behavioural response to food feeding behaviour eating feeding from phloem of other organism feeding from plant phloem feeding from tissue of other organism feeding from vascular tissue of another organism feeding from xylem of other organism feeding on blood of other organism feeding on or from other organism feeding on plant sap hematophagy injection of substance into other organism during feeding on blood of other organism taking of blood meal biological_process GO:0007631 See also the biological process term 'behavior ; GO:0007610'. feeding behavior Behavior associated with the intake of food. GOC:mah The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus. behavioral response to visual stimulus behavioural response to visual stimulus visual behaviour biological_process GO:0007632 visual behavior The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus. GOC:jid GOC:pr Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals. behavioral response to chemical stimulus behavioural response to chemical stimulus chemosensory behaviour biological_process GO:0007635 chemosensory behavior Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals. GOC:go_curators Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GO:0008105 protein localisation biological_process asymmetric protein localisation asymmetric protein localization establishment and maintenance of asymmetric protein localization establishment and maintenance of protein localization GO:0008104 protein localization Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai protein localisation GOC:mah asymmetric protein localisation GOC:mah Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription. TF binding molecular_function GO:0008134 transcription factor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, a protein required to initiate or regulate transcription. ISBN:0198506732 A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. janelomax 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0044699 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological_process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code "no data" (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. janelomax 2012-10-17T15:46:40Z GO:0044236 GO:0044710 MIPS_funcat:01 Wikipedia:Metabolism metabolism metabolic process resulting in cell growth metabolism resulting in cell growth multicellular organism metabolic process biological_process single-organism metabolic process GO:0008152 Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions. metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198547684 Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). biological_process accidental cell death necrosis GO:0008219 This term should not be used for direct annotation. The only exception should be when experimental data (e.g., staining with trypan blue or propidium iodide) show that cell death has occurred, but fail to provide details on death modality (accidental versus programmed). When information is provided on the cell death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'). Also, if experimental data suggest that a gene product influences cell death indirectly, rather than being involved in the death process directly, consider annotating to a 'regulation' term. cell death Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:25236395 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid. EC:3.4 Reactome:R-HSA-205112 Reactome:R-HSA-3000243 Reactome:R-HSA-3139027 Reactome:R-HSA-376149 Reactome:R-HSA-448678 Reactome:R-HSA-5655483 Reactome:R-HSA-5684864 Reactome:R-HSA-5685902 Reactome:R-HSA-5693319 hydrolase, acting on peptide bonds peptide hydrolase activity protease activity proteinase activity molecular_function GO:0008233 peptidase activity Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid. GOC:jl ISBN:0815332181 Reactome:R-HSA-205112 gamma-secretase cleaves p75NTR, releasing NRIF and TRAF6 Reactome:R-HSA-3000243 Unknown protease degrades GIF:Cbl to release Cbl Reactome:R-HSA-3139027 Maturation of HIV Virion Reactome:R-HSA-376149 Proteolytic processing of SLIT Reactome:R-HSA-448678 CTSG cleaves CASP1(1-404) Reactome:R-HSA-5655483 USP1 autocleavage Reactome:R-HSA-5684864 NAPSA, CTSH, PGA3-5 cleave pro-SFTPB Reactome:R-HSA-5685902 NAPSA, CTSH, PGA3-5 cleave pro-SFTPC Reactome:R-HSA-5693319 CTRC hydrolyses PRSS1 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile. GO:0004220 Reactome:R-HSA-2022381 Reactome:R-HSA-2467775 Reactome:R-HSA-2467809 Reactome:R-HSA-5660752 cysteine protease activity thiol protease activity molecular_function GO:0008234 cysteine-type peptidase activity Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile. GOC:mah http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/about/glossary.htm#CATTYPE Reactome:R-HSA-2022381 Cathepsin Z (Cathepsin X) hydrolyzes Angiotensin-(1-10) to Angiotensin-(1-8) Reactome:R-HSA-2467775 Autocleavage of ESPL1 (Separase) Reactome:R-HSA-2467809 ESPL1 (Separase) cleaves centromeric cohesin Reactome:R-HSA-5660752 USP9X deubiquitinates Ub-SNCA Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway biological_process GO:0008277 regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. GOC:go_curators The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. biological_process cell proliferation GO:0008283 This term was moved out from being a child of 'cellular process' because it is a cell population-level process, and cellular processes are restricted to those processes that involve individual cells. Also note that this term is intended to be used for the proliferation of cells within a multicellular organism, not for the expansion of a population of single-celled organisms. cell population proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. GOC:mah GOC:mb Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. up regulation of cell proliferation up-regulation of cell proliferation upregulation of cell proliferation activation of cell proliferation stimulation of cell proliferation biological_process positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. down regulation of cell proliferation down-regulation of cell proliferation downregulation of cell proliferation inhibition of cell proliferation biological_process negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. GOC:go_curators The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence. DNA bending activity DNA bending involving DNA binding molecular_function GO:0008301 DNA binding, bending The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence. GOC:krc GOC:vw PMID:10710711 PMID:19037758 Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). Wikipedia:Learning#Associative_learning Pavlovian conditioning classical conditioning conditional learning conditional response biological_process GO:0008306 associative learning Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). ISBN:0582227089 Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue. biological_process GO:0008355 olfactory learning Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue. ISBN:0582227089 The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity. Wikipedia:Asymmetric_cell_division asymmetrical cell division biological_process asymmetric cytokinesis asymmetrical cytokinesis GO:0008356 asymmetric cell division The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity. PMID:11672519 Enables the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other. Reactome:R-HSA-166214 anion transporter activity molecular_function GO:0008509 anion transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of a negatively charged ion from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:dgf GOC:mtg_transport ISBN:0815340729 Reactome:R-HSA-166214 FA anion flip-flops to the opposite surface Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. Reactome:R-HSA-2142859 molecular_function GO:0008514 organic anion transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of organic anions from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. GOC:ai Reactome:R-HSA-2142859 Growing HA is extruded from the cell by ABCC5 Enables the transfer of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. Reactome:R-HSA-200646 Reactome:R-HSA-200652 Reactome:R-HSA-200680 Reactome:R-HSA-200720 Reactome:R-HSA-200729 folate transmembrane transporter activity folate transporter activity vitamin B9 transporter activity vitamin M transporter activity molecular_function folic acid transporter activity GO:0008517 folic acid transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) from one side of a membrane to the other. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. GOC:ai Reactome:R-HSA-200646 Cytosolic folate export across the plasma membrane Reactome:R-HSA-200652 Extracellular 5-methyltetrahydrofolate import across the plasma membrane Reactome:R-HSA-200680 Cytosolic tetrahydrofolate import across the inner mitochondrial membrane Reactome:R-HSA-200720 Mitochondrial tetrahydrofolate export across the inner mitochondrial membrane Reactome:R-HSA-200729 Extracellular folate import across the plasma membrane Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue. biological_process spatial learning GO:0008542 visual learning Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue. GOC:jid ISBN:0582227089 Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14208 GO:0008642 small protein activating enzyme activity molecular_function GO:0008641 ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme activity Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond. GOC:jl GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. janelomax 2012-10-17T15:52:35Z GO:0044243 GO:0044712 Wikipedia:Catabolism breakdown catabolism degradation multicellular organismal catabolic process biological_process single-organism catabolic process GO:0009056 catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. janelomax 2012-10-17T15:52:18Z GO:0044274 GO:0044711 formation Wikipedia:Anabolism anabolism biosynthesis synthesis multicellular organismal biosynthetic process biological_process single-organism biosynthetic process GO:0009058 biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. GOC:curators ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GO:0043284 biopolymer biosynthetic process macromolecule anabolism macromolecule biosynthesis macromolecule formation macromolecule synthesis biological_process GO:0009059 macromolecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer biosynthetic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. glycoprotein metabolism biological_process GO:0009100 glycoprotein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. glycoprotein anabolism glycoprotein biosynthesis glycoprotein formation glycoprotein synthesis biological_process GO:0009101 glycoprotein biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine). nucleoside metabolism biological_process GO:0009116 nucleoside metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (a ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleoside), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine). GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). nucleotide metabolism biological_process GO:0009117 nucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). GOC:ma Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides. regulation of nucleoside metabolism biological_process GO:0009118 regulation of nucleoside metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. ribonucleoside metabolism biological_process GO:0009119 ribonucleoside metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. nucleoside monophosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0009123 nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. nucleoside monophosphate anabolism nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis nucleoside monophosphate formation nucleoside monophosphate synthesis biological_process GO:0009124 nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0009126 purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. purine nucleoside monophosphate anabolism purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis purine nucleoside monophosphate formation purine nucleoside monophosphate synthesis biological_process GO:0009127 purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. nucleoside triphosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0009141 nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. nucleoside triphosphate anabolism nucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis nucleoside triphosphate formation nucleoside triphosphate synthesis biological_process GO:0009142 nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0009144 purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. purine nucleoside triphosphate anabolism purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis purine nucleoside triphosphate formation purine nucleoside triphosphate synthesis biological_process GO:0009145 purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine ribonucleotide metabolism biological_process GO:0009150 purine ribonucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. purine ribonucleotide anabolism purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis purine ribonucleotide formation purine ribonucleotide synthesis biological_process GO:0009152 purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. ribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis ribonucleoside monophosphate formation ribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis biological_process GO:0009156 ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0009161 ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). nucleoside anabolism nucleoside biosynthesis nucleoside formation nucleoside synthesis biological_process GO:0009163 nucleoside biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). GOC:jl ISBN:0140512713 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). nucleotide anabolism nucleotide biosynthesis nucleotide formation nucleotide synthesis biological_process GO:0009165 nucleotide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates). GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0009167 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. purine ribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis purine ribonucleoside monophosphate formation purine ribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis biological_process GO:0009168 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0009199 ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. ribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis ribonucleoside triphosphate formation ribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis biological_process GO:0009201 ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0009205 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. purine ribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis purine ribonucleoside triphosphate formation purine ribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis biological_process GO:0009206 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom. cobalamin metabolism vitamin B12 metabolic process vitamin B12 metabolism vitamin B12 reduction biological_process GO:0009235 cobalamin metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GO:0009121 ribonucleotide metabolism biological_process GO:0009259 ribonucleotide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. ribonucleotide anabolism ribonucleotide biosynthesis ribonucleotide formation ribonucleotide synthesis biological_process GO:0009260 ribonucleotide biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. response to thermal stimulus biological_process GO:0009266 response to temperature stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. biological_process GO:0009267 cellular response to starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. biological_process GO:0009268 response to pH Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. GOC:jl Wikipedia:PH A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure. chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall cellular_component beta-glucan-containing cell wall chitin-containing cell wall GO:0009277 fungal-type cell wall A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure. GOC:mcc GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:3540601864 PMID:11283274 PMID:16927300 PMID:3319422 A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures. outer membrane of cell cellular_component GO:0009279 To annotate the plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane, see instead GO:0005886. cell outer membrane A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost membrane of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures. GOC:md GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0135712254 The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined. Wikipedia:Nucleoid cellular_component GO:0009295 nucleoid The region of a virus, bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the nucleic acid is confined. GOC:bm GOC:ma ISBN:3540076689 The controlled release of proteins from a cell. GO:0045166 GO:0045731 glycoprotein secretion protein secretion during cell fate commitment protein secretion resulting in cell fate commitment biological_process GO:0009306 protein secretion The controlled release of proteins from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus response to radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0009314 Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. response to radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. GOC:jl Wikipedia:Electromagnetic_radiation The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms carry out coordinated responses by monitoring their own population density, and often also that of other microbes, by producing small, diffusible, signal molecules, detecting the concentration of these molecules, and triggering a signal transduction pathway when a certain threshold is reached. Quorum sensing can occur amongst microbial communities in the environment or within host organisms. GO:0010699 GO:0060247 Wikipedia:Quorum_sensing quorum sensing system biological_process cell-cell signaling involved in quorum sensing detection of cell density by secreted molecule GO:0009372 quorum sensing The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms carry out coordinated responses by monitoring their own population density, and often also that of other microbes, by producing small, diffusible, signal molecules, detecting the concentration of these molecules, and triggering a signal transduction pathway when a certain threshold is reached. Quorum sensing can occur amongst microbial communities in the environment or within host organisms. GOC:krc GOC:mlg PMID:10607620 PMID:15716452 PMID:16497924 PMID:16630813 PMID:8288518 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. GO:0006951 response to heat shock biological_process GO:0009408 response to heat Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. GOC:lr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. biological_process freezing tolerance GO:0009409 response to cold Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. GOC:lr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms. GO:0017104 biological_process GO:0009410 response to xenobiotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. response to UV light stimulus response to UV radiation stimulus response to ultraviolet light stimulus response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0009411 response to UV Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water. response to dehydration response to drought response to thirst biological_process drought tolerance GO:0009414 response to water deprivation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water. GOC:lr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water. response to water stimulus biological_process GO:0009415 response to water Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water. GOC:jl response to water stimulus GOC:dos Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. biological_process GO:0009416 response to light stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0582227089 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. energytaxis taxis in response to energy source biological_process GO:0009453 energy taxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. GOC:jl PMID:11029423 A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. Wikipedia:Chloroplast cellular_component GO:0009507 chloroplast A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. ISBN:0471245208 The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space. cellular_component GO:0009526 plastid envelope The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space. GOC:jy The proteinaceous ground substance of plastids. cellular_component GO:0009532 plastid stroma The proteinaceous ground substance of plastids. ISBN:0943088399 Unstacked thylakoids that connect the grana stacks through the stroma. cellular_component GO:0009533 chloroplast stromal thylakoid Unstacked thylakoids that connect the grana stacks through the stroma. ISBN:0943088399 Sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. cellular_component GO:0009534 chloroplast thylakoid Sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. An example of this component is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0943088399 Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid. Wikipedia:Plastid cellular_component GO:0009536 plastid Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid. GOC:jl ISBN:0198547684 The precursor of other plastids. cellular_component GO:0009537 proplastid The precursor of other plastids. ISBN:0943088399 The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). Wikipedia:Fertilisation syngamy biological_process GO:0009566 fertilization The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis. cellular_component GO:0009570 chloroplast stroma The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis. ISBN:0198547684 The space enclosed by the double membrane of a proplastid. cellular_component GO:0009571 proplastid stroma The space enclosed by the double membrane of a proplastid. GOC:jl A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation. Wikipedia:Thylakoid cellular_component photosynthetic membrane GO:0009579 A thylakoid is not considered an organelle, but some thylakoids are part of organelles. thylakoid A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation. GOC:ds GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0198506732 The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. biological_process perception of external stimulus GO:0009581 detection of external stimulus The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:hb The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. biological_process perception of abiotic stimulus GO:0009582 detection of abiotic stimulus The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:hb The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. detection of light biological_process perception of light GO:0009583 detection of light stimulus The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:go_curators The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. biological_process perception of visible light GO:0009584 detection of visible light The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198506732 The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. detection of UV light stimulus detection of UV radiation stimulus detection of ultraviolet light stimulus detection of ultraviolet radiation stimulus biological_process perception of UV GO:0009589 detection of UV The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. GOC:dos GOC:go_curators GOC:hb ISBN:0198506732 The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal. GO:0009596 biological_process perception of biotic stimulus GO:0009595 detection of biotic stimulus The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. response to environmental stimulus biological_process GO:0009605 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to external stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. response to biotic stress biological_process GO:0009607 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to biotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. GO:0002245 physiological response to wounding biological_process GO:0009611 response to wounding Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. response to viruses biological_process GO:0009615 response to virus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16572 response to abiotic stress biological_process GO:0009628 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to abiotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. detoxification response biological_process toxin resistance toxin susceptibility/resistance GO:0009636 response to toxic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. GOC:lr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. response to blue light stimulus biological_process GO:0009637 response to blue light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. GOC:ai GOC:mtg_far_red Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. biological_process GO:0009639 response to red or far red light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. GOC:ai GOC:mtg_far_red Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus. biological_process GO:0009642 response to light intensity Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus. biological_process GO:0009644 response to high light intensity Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. biological_process GO:0009645 response to low light intensity stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_far_red Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli. biological_process response to darkness GO:0009646 response to absence of light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. response to ionic osmotic stress salinity response biological_process GO:0009651 response to salt stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. GOC:jl The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. embryogenesis and morphogenesis Wikipedia:Morphogenesis anatomical structure organization morphogenesis biological_process GO:0009653 anatomical structure morphogenesis The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0521436125 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism. biological_process GO:0009719 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to endogenous stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. response to hormone stimulus biological_process growth regulator GO:0009725 response to hormone Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. GOC:jl response to hormone stimulus GOC:dos A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone. hormone mediated signalling biological_process GO:0009755 hormone-mediated signaling pathway A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone. GOC:sm The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm. blue light signalling pathway biological_process GO:0009785 blue light signaling pathway The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 400nm and 470nm. GOC:lr GOC:sm Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. biological_process GO:0009786 regulation of asymmetric cell division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. GOC:lr The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. GO:0009795 embryogenesis and morphogenesis Wikipedia:Embryogenesis embryogenesis embryonal development biological_process GO:0009790 embryo development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:mtg_sensu The cascade of biological processes occurring in plants beginning when the pollen lands on the female reproductive organs of a plant and continuing up to, but not including, fertilization, as defined by sperm-egg cell fusion. Wikipedia:Pollination biological_process GO:0009856 pollination The cascade of biological processes occurring in plants beginning when the pollen lands on the female reproductive organs of a plant and continuing up to, but not including, fertilization, as defined by sperm-egg cell fusion. GOC:tb PMID:10973091 Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. histogenesis and organogenesis biological_process GO:0009887 animal organ morphogenesis Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GOC:dgh GOC:go_curators ISBN:0471245208 ISBN:0721662544 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. histogenesis and organogenesis Wikipedia:Histogenesis histogenesis biological_process GO:0009888 tissue development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. ISBN:0471245208 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. regulation of anabolism regulation of biosynthesis regulation of formation regulation of synthesis biological_process GO:0009889 regulation of biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. down regulation of biosynthetic process down-regulation of biosynthetic process downregulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of anabolism negative regulation of biosynthesis negative regulation of formation negative regulation of synthesis inhibition of biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0009890 negative regulation of biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. positive regulation of anabolism positive regulation of biosynthesis positive regulation of formation positive regulation of synthesis up regulation of biosynthetic process up-regulation of biosynthetic process upregulation of biosynthetic process activation of biosynthetic process stimulation of biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0009891 positive regulation of biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GO:0044252 down regulation of metabolic process down-regulation of metabolic process downregulation of metabolic process negative regulation of metabolism negative regulation of organismal metabolism inhibition of metabolic process inhibition of organismal metabolic process negative regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process biological_process GO:0009892 negative regulation of metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GO:0044253 positive regulation of metabolism up regulation of metabolic process up-regulation of metabolic process upregulation of metabolic process activation of metabolic process positive regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process positive regulation of organismal metabolism stimulation of metabolic process stimulation of organismal metabolic process up-regulation of organismal metabolic process biological_process GO:0009893 positive regulation of metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. regulation of breakdown regulation of catabolism regulation of degradation biological_process GO:0009894 regulation of catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. down regulation of catabolic process down-regulation of catabolic process downregulation of catabolic process negative regulation of breakdown negative regulation of catabolism negative regulation of degradation inhibition of catabolic process biological_process GO:0009895 negative regulation of catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. positive regulation of breakdown positive regulation of catabolism positive regulation of degradation up regulation of catabolic process up-regulation of catabolic process upregulation of catabolic process activation of catabolic process stimulation of catabolic process biological_process GO:0009896 positive regulation of catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. GOC:go_curators The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space. cellular_component GO:0009941 chloroplast envelope The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space. GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GO:0035466 biological_process regulation of signaling pathway regulation of signalling pathway GO:0009966 regulation of signal transduction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GO:0035468 up regulation of signal transduction up-regulation of signal transduction upregulation of signal transduction activation of signal transduction stimulation of signal transduction biological_process positive regulation of signaling pathway positive regulation of signalling pathway GO:0009967 positive regulation of signal transduction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm positive regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GO:0035467 down regulation of signal transduction down-regulation of signal transduction downregulation of signal transduction inhibition of signal transduction biological_process negative regulation of signaling pathway negative regulation of signalling pathway GO:0009968 negative regulation of signal transduction Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. GOC:sm negative regulation of signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. janelomax 2012-12-11T16:56:55Z GO:0008151 GO:0044763 GO:0050875 cell physiology cellular physiological process cell growth and/or maintenance biological_process single-organism cellular process GO:0009987 cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus. biological_process GO:0009991 response to extracellular stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus. GOC:go_curators The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete. oocyte cell differentiation biological_process GO:0009994 oocyte differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_sensu The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. phytochrome signaling pathway red or far red light signaling pathway red or far-red light signal transduction red or far-red light signalling pathway red/far red light signaling pathway biological_process GO:0010017 red or far-red light signaling pathway The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. GOC:lr GOC:mtg_far_red GOC:sm red or far red light signaling pathway GOC:bf GOC:tb red or far-red light signal transduction GOC:signaling The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. far red light signalling pathway far red signaling pathway far-red light signal transduction biological_process GO:0010018 far-red light signaling pathway The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. GOC:lr GOC:mtg_far_red GOC:sm far red signaling pathway GOC:tb far-red light signal transduction GOC:signaling Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells. chromosome condensation involved in meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0010032 meiotic chromosome condensation Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells. PMID:10072401 chromosome condensation involved in meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. GO:1990367 process resulting in tolerance to organic substance biological_process GO:0010033 response to organic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. GOC:sm PMID:23356676 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus. biological_process GO:0010035 response to inorganic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. response to metal response to heavy metal biological_process heavy metal sensitivity/resistance GO:0010038 response to metal ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. response to red light stimulus biological_process GO:0010114 response to red light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. GOC:mtg_far_red GOC:sm The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. red light phototransduction red light signal transduction red light signalling pathway biological_process GO:0010161 red light signaling pathway The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. GOC:mtg_far_red GOC:sm red light phototransduction GOC:signaling red light signal transduction GOC:signaling Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). response to X-ray radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0010165 response to X-ray Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). GOC:sm Wikipedia:X-ray Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response. regulation of cellular defence response biological_process GO:0010185 regulation of cellular defense response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response. GOC:sm Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response. positive regulation of cellular defence response up regulation of cellular defense response up-regulation of cellular defense response upregulation of cellular defense response activation of cellular defense response stimulation of cellular defense response biological_process GO:0010186 positive regulation of cellular defense response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response. GOC:sm Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. response to ionising radiation response to ionizing radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0010212 response to ionizing radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. PMID:12509526 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. response to far red light stimulus biological_process GO:0010218 response to far red light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. GOC:mtg_far_red GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm. response to UV-B light stimulus response to UV-B radiation stimulus response to UVB light stimulus response to UVB radiation stimulus response to medium wave ultraviolet light stimulus response to medium wave ultraviolet radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0010224 response to UV-B Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm. GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm. response to UV-C light stimulus response to UV-C radiation stimulus response to UVC light stimulus response to UVC radiation stimulus response to germicidal ultraviolet light stimulus response to germicidal ultraviolet radiation stimulus response to shortwave ultraviolet light stimulus response to shortwave ultraviolet radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0010225 response to UV-C Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm. GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus. biological_process GO:0010226 response to lithium ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus. GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. response to organic nitrogen biological_process GO:0010243 response to organonitrogen compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. PMID:9869419 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. endomembrane organization endomembrane system organisation biological_process GO:0010256 endomembrane system organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endomembrane system. GOC:mah GOC:sm endomembrane system organisation GOC:mah The infolding of a membrane. jl 2013-12-02T13:58:34Z GO:1902534 biological_process single-organism membrane invagination GO:0010324 membrane invagination The infolding of a membrane. GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. biological_process response to gamma ray response to gamma-ray photon GO:0010332 response to gamma radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. GOC:tair_curators Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. biological_process GO:0010466 negative regulation of peptidase activity Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. Wikipedia:Gene_expression biological_process GO:0010467 gene expression The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. Wikipedia:Regulation_of_gene_expression regulation of protein expression biological_process regulation of gene product expression GO:0010468 This class covers any process that regulates the rate of production of a mature gene product, and so includes processes that regulate that rate by regulating the level, stability or availability of intermediates in the process of gene expression. For example, it covers any process that regulates the level, stability or availability of mRNA or circRNA for translation and thereby regulates the rate of production of the encoded protein via translation. regulation of gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity. regulation of receptor activity biological_process GO:0010469 regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. biological_process GO:0010506 regulation of autophagy Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. biological_process GO:0010507 negative regulation of autophagy Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. biological_process GO:0010508 positive regulation of autophagy Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. biological_process GO:0010543 regulation of platelet activation Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. biological_process GO:0010544 negative regulation of platelet activation Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0010556 regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0010557 positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0010558 negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. biological_process GO:0010559 regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. biological_process GO:0010560 positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. biological_process GO:0010561 negative regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. biological_process GO:0010562 positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. biological_process GO:0010563 negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. biological_process GO:0010564 regulation of cell cycle process Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. biological_process GO:0010572 positive regulation of platelet activation Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. GOC:dph GOC:sl GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0010604 positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0010605 negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. biological_process GO:0010608 posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. GOC:dph GOC:tb The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. developmental programmed cell death programmed cell death involved in development biological_process GO:0010623 This process is part of the natural developmental program of some cell types, but it does not always happen as part of the development or shaping of a gross anatomical structure. programmed cell death involved in cell development The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. biological_process GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. biological_process GO:0010629 This term covers any process that negatively regulates the rate of production of a mature gene product, and so includes processes that negatively regulate that rate by reducing the level, stability or availability of intermediates in the process of gene expression. For example, it covers any process that reduces the level, stability or availability of mRNA or circRNA for translation and thereby reduces the rate of production of the encoded protein via translation. negative regulation of gene expression Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. positive regulation of organelle organisation biological_process positive regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GO:0010638 positive regulation of organelle organization Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of organelle organisation GOC:mah positive regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. negative regulation of organelle organisation biological_process negative regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GO:0010639 negative regulation of organelle organization Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of organelle organisation GOC:mah negative regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. biological_process GO:0010646 regulation of cell communication Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. biological_process GO:0010647 positive regulation of cell communication Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. biological_process GO:0010648 negative regulation of cell communication Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. mah 2012-04-20T02:45:12Z GO:1900401 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic regulation of meiosis by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:0010672 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:12161753 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic GOC:mah Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. dianna.fisk 2012-05-01T08:40:11Z GO:1900476 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic activation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter stimulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:0010673 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:8618927 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic GOC:mah activation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie stimulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of meiosis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. dianna.fisk 2012-05-01T08:39:58Z GO:1900475 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic activation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter stimulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:0010674 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as part of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:8618927 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic GOC:mah activation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie stimulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of meiosis by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. biological_process GO:0010720 positive regulation of cell development Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. biological_process GO:0010721 negative regulation of cell development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus. biological_process GO:0010767 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus. biological_process GO:0010768 negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. regulation of mitochondrion organisation biological_process GO:0010821 regulation of mitochondrion organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. positive regulation of mitochondrion organisation biological_process GO:0010822 positive regulation of mitochondrion organization Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. negative regulation of mitochondrion organisation biological_process GO:0010823 negative regulation of mitochondrion organization Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion. GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of mitochondrion organisation GOC:mah The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. biological_process GO:0010927 cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. biological_process GO:0010941 regulation of cell death Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. biological_process GO:0010942 positive regulation of cell death Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. tanyaberardini 2009-04-27T09:53:22Z biological_process GO:0010948 negative regulation of cell cycle process Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. tanyaberardini 2009-04-27T11:54:32Z biological_process GO:0010952 positive regulation of peptidase activity Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell. tanyaberardini 2009-05-06T11:47:17Z biological_process GO:0010960 magnesium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of magnesium ions within an organism or cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity. tanyaberardini 2009-05-27T10:56:08Z microtubule-based transport establishment of localization by movement along microtubule movement along microtubule biological_process GO:0010970 transport along microtubule The movement of organelles or other particles from one location in the cell to another along microtubules, driven by motor activity. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb establishment of localization by movement along microtubule GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). tanyaberardini 2009-06-01T10:44:45Z regulation of neurite biosynthesis regulation of neurite development regulation of neurite formation regulation of neurite growth biological_process GO:0010975 regulation of neuron projection development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of neurite biosynthesis GOC:mah regulation of neurite development GOC:mah regulation of neurite formation GOC:mah regulation of neurite growth GOC:mah Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). tanyaberardini 2009-06-01T10:46:44Z positive regulation of neurite biosynthesis positive regulation of neurite development positive regulation of neurite formation positive regulation of neurite growth biological_process GO:0010976 positive regulation of neuron projection development Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of neurite biosynthesis GOC:mah positive regulation of neurite development GOC:mah positive regulation of neurite formation GOC:mah positive regulation of neurite growth GOC:mah Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). tanyaberardini 2009-06-01T10:47:42Z negative regulation of neurite biosynthesis negative regulation of neurite development negative regulation of neurite formation negative regulation of neurite growth biological_process growth cone collapse GO:0010977 negative regulation of neuron projection development Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of neurite biosynthesis GOC:mah negative regulation of neurite development GOC:mah negative regulation of neurite formation GOC:mah negative regulation of neurite growth GOC:mah growth cone collapse GOC:pr A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. GO:0016244 regulated cell death Wikipedia:Programmed_cell_death caspase-independent cell death non-apoptotic programmed cell death nonapoptotic programmed cell death biological_process PCD RCD caspase-independent apoptosis GO:0012501 Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products in the organism undergoing the programmed cell death. To annotate genes in another organism whose products modulate programmed cell death in a host organism, consider the term 'modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052040'. Also, note that 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' should be used to refer to instances of caspase-independent cell death mechanisms, in the absence of further indications on the process taking place. At present, caspase-independent cell death is not yet represented in GO due to the lack of consensus and in-depth research on the topic. 'programmed cell death ; GO:0012501' may also be used to annotate gene products in taxa where apoptosis as defined in GO:0006915 does not occur, such as plants. You may also consider these specific children: GO:0097468 'programmed cell death in response to reactive oxygen species' (with descendants GO:0010421 'hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death' and GO:0010343 'singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death'), and GO:0009626 'plant-type hypersensitive response' and its children. programmed cell death A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. GOC:lr GOC:mtg_apoptosis A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. Wikipedia:Endomembrane_system cellular_component GO:0012505 endomembrane system A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. GOC:lh The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. NIF_Subcellular:sao1153182838 cellular_component GO:0012506 vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. GOC:mah GOC:vesicle The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. GO:0030664 COPII coated vesicle membrane ER to Golgi constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane ER-Golgi transport vesicle membrane endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicle membrane endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport vesicle membrane cellular_component GO:0012507 ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. GOC:ai GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb A subcellular organelle of plant cells surrounded by 'half-unit' or a monolayer membrane instead of the more usual bilayer. The storage body has a droplet of triglyceride surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, interacting with the triglycerides and the hydrophilic head groups facing the cytosol, and containing major protein components called oleosins. GO:0009520 Wikipedia:Oil_body oil body oilbody oleosome spherosome cellular_component GO:0012511 monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body A subcellular organelle of plant cells surrounded by 'half-unit' or a monolayer membrane instead of the more usual bilayer. The storage body has a droplet of triglyceride surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, interacting with the triglycerides and the hydrophilic head groups facing the cytosol, and containing major protein components called oleosins. GOC:mtg_sensu ISBN:0943088372 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change. biological_process GO:0014041 regulation of neuron maturation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change. GOC:ef Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. up regulation of neuron maturation up-regulation of neuron maturation upregulation of neuron maturation activation of neuron maturation stimulation of neuron maturation biological_process GO:0014042 positive regulation of neuron maturation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. GOC:ef Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. down regulation of neuron maturation down-regulation of neuron maturation downregulation of neuron maturation inhibition of neuron maturation biological_process GO:0014043 negative regulation of neuron maturation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation. GOC:ef An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. paola 2013-07-02T09:44:28Z GO:0097481 GO:0097483 NIF_Subcellular:sao1196688972 Wikipedia:Postsynaptic_density neuronal postsynaptic density post synaptic density post-synaptic density postsynaptic density of dendrite cellular_component GO:0014069 postsynaptic density An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. GOC:BHF GOC:dos GOC:ef GOC:jid GOC:pr GOC:sjp PMID:14532281 Wikipedia:Postsynaptic_density http://molneuro.kaist.ac.kr/psd neuronal postsynaptic density GO:0097481 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. response to organic cyclic substance biological_process GO:0014070 response to organic cyclic compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. GOC:ef response to organic cyclic substance GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids. biological_process GO:0014072 response to isoquinoline alkaloid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids. GOC:ef Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. response to amine stimulus biological_process GO:0014075 response to amine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. GOC:ef response to amine stimulus GOC:dos The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GO:0015831 enzyme transport biological_process GO:0015031 protein transport The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other. ion transporter activity molecular_function GO:0015075 ion transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of an ion from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:dgf GOC:mtg_transport ISBN:0815340729 true Enables the transfer of an inorganic molecular entity from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane. An inorganic molecular entity is a molecular entity that contains no carbon. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14372 inorganic solute uptake transmembrane transporter activity inorganic uptake permease activity molecular_function GO:0015318 inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of an inorganic molecular entity from the outside of a cell to the inside of the cell across a membrane. An inorganic molecular entity is a molecular entity that contains no carbon. GOC:mtg_transport ISBN:0815340729 The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. cellular_component GO:0015630 microtubule cytoskeleton The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. biological_process GO:0015711 organic anion transport The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. GOC:ai GOC:krc The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0015833 peptide transport The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0015849 organic acid transport The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. ISBN:0198506732 The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. folate transport vitamin B9 transport vitamin M transport biological_process GO:0015884 folic acid transport The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. GOC:ai The directed movement of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0015893 drug transport The directed movement of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods. GO:0006770 pantothenate metabolism vitamin B5 metabolic process vitamin B5 metabolism biological_process GO:0015939 pantothenate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods. GOC:ai ISBN:0721662544 A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. Wikipedia:Biological_membrane cellular_component GO:0016020 membrane membrane A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. GOC:dos GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 true A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GO:0044235 GO:0071842 MIPS_funcat:42 cell organisation cellular component organisation at cellular level cellular component organisation in other organism cellular component organization at cellular level cellular component organization in other organism biological_process cell organization and biogenesis GO:0016043 cellular component organization A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:jl GOC:mah cellular component organisation at cellular level GOC:mah cellular component organisation in other organism GOC:mah cell organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. GO:0048591 cellular growth growth of cell biological_process cell expansion metabolic process resulting in cell growth metabolism resulting in cell growth non-developmental cell growth non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism GO:0016049 cell growth The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. GOC:ai non-developmental cell growth GOC:mah non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. vesicle organisation biological_process vesicle organization and biogenesis GO:0016050 vesicle organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle. GOC:mah vesicle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of excitation of rhodopsin by a photon and the events that convert the absorbed photons into a cellular response. GO:0009586 rhodopsin mediated phototransduction rhodopsin mediated signalling pathway rhodopsin signaling biological_process GO:0016056 rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of excitation of rhodopsin by a photon and the events that convert the absorbed photons into a cellular response. GOC:bf GOC:dph GOC:hb GOC:signaling GOC:tb rhodopsin mediated phototransduction GOC:bf rhodopsin mediated signalling pathway GOC:dph GOC:tb rhodopsin signaling GOC:bf An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution. antibody-mediated immune response biological_process GO:0016064 immunoglobulin mediated immune response An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. RNA metabolism biological_process GO:0016070 RNA metabolic process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units. diterpenoid metabolism diterpene metabolic process diterpene metabolism biological_process GO:0016101 diterpenoid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units. ISBN:0198547684 The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids. carotene metabolism biological_process GO:0016119 carotene metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids. ISBN:0198547684 A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. GO:0006899 vesicle transport vesicular transport nonselective vesicle transport biological_process protein sorting along secretory pathway vesicle trafficking GO:0016192 vesicle-mediated transport A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. GOC:ai GOC:mah ISBN:08789310662000 vesicular transport GOC:mah The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure. Autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome (or vacuole) releasing single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies that are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Some types of macroautophagy, e.g. pexophagy, mitophagy, involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded. GO:0034262 autophagy biological_process GO:0016236 Targeted macroautophagy sometimes targets regions of cytoplasm containing non-self, such as virus particles or components (e.g. see PMID:20159618). As this is essentially the same process as macroautophagy that encloses and digests only self, the term autophagy is still used despite the enclosure of some non-self (non-auto) entities. macroautophagy The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure. Autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome (or vacuole) releasing single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies that are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Some types of macroautophagy, e.g. pexophagy, mitophagy, involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded. PMID:11099404 PMID:12914914 PMID:15798367 PMID:16973210 PMID:20159618 PMID:9412464 Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation. positive regulation of starvation-induced autophagy up regulation of macroautophagy up-regulation of macroautophagy upregulation of macroautophagy activation of macroautophagy stimulation of macroautophagy biological_process GO:0016239 positive regulation of macroautophagy Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation. GOC:go_curators PMID:9412464 positive regulation of starvation-induced autophagy GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. regulation of starvation-induced autophagy biological_process GO:0016241 regulation of macroautophagy Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. GOC:krc regulation of starvation-induced autophagy GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. down regulation of macroautophagy down-regulation of macroautophagy downregulation of macroautophagy negative regulation of starvation-induced autophagy inhibition of macroautophagy biological_process GO:0016242 negative regulation of macroautophagy Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of starvation-induced autophagy GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes. Wikipedia:RNA_interference RNAi posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA biological_process GO:0016246 Note that this term refers specifically to posttranscriptional mechanisms by which small interfering RNAs down-regulate gene expression. Also consider annotating to other descendants of 'gene silencing by RNA ; GO:0031047'. RNA interference The process in which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes. GOC:ems PMID:11201747 PMID:11713190 PMID:18771919 posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:mah true Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 phosphokinase activity molecular_function GO:0016301 Note that this term encompasses all activities that transfer a single phosphate group; although ATP is by far the most common phosphate donor, reactions using other phosphate donors are included in this term. kinase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-6788855 FN3KRP phosphorylates PsiAm, RibAm Reactome:R-HSA-6788867 FN3K phosphorylates ketosamines The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. Wikipedia:Phosphorylation biological_process GO:0016310 phosphorylation The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. ISBN:0198506732 The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female. biological_process GO:0016321 female meiosis chromosome segregation The cell cycle process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female. GOC:ai The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Wikipedia:Post_transcriptional_gene_silencing PTGS post-transcriptional gene silencing quelling biological_process cosuppression GO:0016441 posttranscriptional gene silencing The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. GOC:mah PMID:15020054 post-transcriptional gene silencing GOC:vw Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression. Wikipedia:Gene_silencing long-term maintenance of gene inactivation biological_process GO:0016458 This is a rather broad grouping term. While it was originally defined for long-term, heritable, epigenetic effects, short term effects on expression mediated by RNA are also frequently referred to as gene silencing, and are grouped under this class. gene silencing Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression. GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb The directed movement of substances or organelles within the cytosol. biological_process GO:0016482 cytosolic transport The directed movement of substances or organelles within the cytosol. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. down regulation of angiogenesis down-regulation of angiogenesis downregulation of angiogenesis inhibition of angiogenesis biological_process GO:0016525 negative regulation of angiogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. GOC:go_curators Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. EC:2 Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 Reactome:R-HSA-6787403 Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 molecular_function GO:0016740 transferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-1483089 PE is converted to PS by PTDSS2 Reactome:R-HSA-1483186 PC is converted to PS by PTDSS1 Reactome:R-HSA-5668414 TRAF2 ubiquitinates cIAP1,2 in cIAP1,2:TRAF1:TRAF2:TRAF3:NIK Reactome:R-HSA-6787403 GTPBP3 and MTO1 transform uridine-34 yielding 5-taurinomethyluridine-34 in tRNA Reactome:R-HSA-8868783 TSR3 transfers aminocarboxypropyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to N(1)-methylpseudouridine-1248 of 18SE rRNA yielding N(1)-methyl-N(3)-aminocarboxypropylpseudouridine-1248 Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). EC:2.7 molecular_function GO:0016772 Note that this term encompasses all kinase activities, as well as activities that transfer other phosphorus-containing groups such as diphosphate or nucleotides. transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. EC:3 Reactome:R-HSA-1236938 Reactome:R-HSA-2029475 Reactome:R-HSA-5694583 Reactome:R-HSA-5695964 Reactome:R-HSA-6786190 Reactome:R-HSA-6788295 Reactome:R-HSA-8938314 Reactome:R-HSA-8952137 molecular_function GO:0016787 hydrolase activity Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. ISBN:0198506732 Reactome:R-HSA-1236938 Partial proteolysis of antigen in phagolysosomes Reactome:R-HSA-2029475 Production of AA by iPLA2 upon FCGR activation Reactome:R-HSA-5694583 ABHD4 hydrolyses NAPE Reactome:R-HSA-5695964 ABHD14B hydrolyses PNPB Reactome:R-HSA-6786190 CMBL hydrolyses OM to OLMS Reactome:R-HSA-6788295 HDHD1:Mg2+ dephosphorylates PURIDP Reactome:R-HSA-8938314 ENPPs hydrolyse CoA-SH to PPANT, PAP Reactome:R-HSA-8952137 Phospholipid phosphatase 6 hydrolyses Presqualene diphosphate to presqualene monophosphate Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. EC:6 synthetase activity molecular_function GO:0016874 ligase activity Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. EC:6 GOC:mah synthetase activity GOC:jh2 Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. EC:6.2 ligase activity, forming carbon-sulphur bonds molecular_function GO:0016877 ligase activity, forming carbon-sulfur bonds Catalysis of the joining of two molecules via a carbon-sulfur bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. EC:6.2 GOC:mah Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. EC:6.3 other carbon-nitrogen ligase activity molecular_function GO:0016879 ligase activity, forming carbon-nitrogen bonds Catalysis of the joining of two molecules, or two groups within a single molecule, via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. GOC:mah Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. EC:6.3.2 peptide synthase activity molecular_function GO:0016881 acid-amino acid ligase activity Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to an amino acid via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. GOC:jl GOC:mah Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a ligand dependent manner, with a nuclear receptor protein. ligand-dependent nuclear receptor binding molecular_function ligand-dependent nuclear receptor interactor activity GO:0016922 nuclear receptor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a ligand dependent manner, with a nuclear receptor protein. GOC:mah PMID:7776974 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease; as used here antibiotic substances (see antibiotic metabolism) are considered to be drugs, even if not used in medical or veterinary practice. Wikipedia:Drug_metabolism drug metabolism biological_process GO:0017144 drug metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease; as used here antibiotic substances (see antibiotic metabolism) are considered to be drugs, even if not used in medical or veterinary practice. GOC:cab2 The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. stem cell renewal biological_process GO:0017145 stem cell division The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. GOC:jid ISBN:0582227089 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). heterocycle anabolism heterocycle biosynthesis heterocycle formation heterocycle synthesis biological_process GO:0018130 heterocycle biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). ISBN:0198547684 Any organism in which another organism, especially a parasite or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle and from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection. Wikipedia:Host_(biology) host organism cellular_component GO:0018995 host cellular component Any organism in which another organism, especially a parasite or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle and from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection. ISBN:0198506732 The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. janelomax 2012-09-19T16:01:37Z GO:0033057 GO:0044704 reproductive behavior in a multicellular organism reproductive behaviour multicellular organism reproductive behavior biological_process single-organism reproductive behavior GO:0019098 reproductive behavior The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. GOC:jl GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. regulation of lipid metabolism biological_process GO:0019216 regulation of lipid metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. GOC:go_curators Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism biological_process regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0019219 regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:go_curators regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. regulation of phosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0019220 regulation of phosphate metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GO:0044246 regulation of metabolism regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process regulation of organismal metabolic process biological_process GO:0019222 regulation of metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GOC:go_curators regulation of organismal metabolic process GOC:tb The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. Wikipedia:Nociception nociception perception of physiological pain biological_process GO:0019233 sensory perception of pain The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances. This is a neurological process. GOC:curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. aromatic compound anabolism aromatic compound biosynthesis aromatic compound formation aromatic compound synthesis aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthesis aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0019438 aromatic compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. GO:0006411 GO:0044268 Wikipedia:Protein_metabolism protein metabolic process and modification protein metabolism protein metabolism and modification multicellular organismal protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0019538 protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. Includes protein modification. GOC:ma The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. organophosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0019637 organophosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. ribose phosphate metabolism biological_process GO:0019693 ribose phosphate metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. GOC:ai Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells. B lymphocyte mediated immune effector process B lymphocyte mediated immunity B-cell mediated immune effector process B-cell mediated immunity B-lymphocyte mediated immune effector process B-lymphocyte mediated immunity biological_process GO:0019724 B cell mediated immunity Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. biological_process GO:0019725 cellular homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. GOC:isa_complete GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids. regulation of isoprenoid metabolism biological_process GO:0019747 regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). carboxylic acid metabolism biological_process GO:0019752 carboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). ISBN:0198506732 Catalysis of the transfer of ATG12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ATG12 + Y --> Y-ATG12 + X, where both X-ATG12 and Y-ATG12 are covalent linkages. Reactome:R-HSA-5681999 APG12 conjugating enzyme activity APG12 ligase activity Atg12 conjugating enzyme activity Atg12 ligase activity molecular_function GO:0019777 Atg12 transferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of ATG12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-ATG12 + Y --> Y-ATG12 + X, where both X-ATG12 and Y-ATG12 are covalent linkages. GOC:mah PMID:12826404 Reactome:R-HSA-5681999 ATG10 transfers ATG12 from ATG7 to ATG10 Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG12, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond. molecular_function APG12 activating enzyme activity GO:0019778 Atg12 activating enzyme activity Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG12, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond. GOC:mah APG12 activating enzyme activity GOC:vw Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide or isopeptide bonds within small proteins such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO), or between the small protein and a larger protein to which it has been conjugated. GO:1904454 GO:1904455 small conjugating protein-specific protease activity ubiquitin-like specific protease activity ubiquitin-like-protein-specific protease activity ubiquitin-specific protease activity involved in negative regulation of ERAD pathway ubiquitin-specific protease activity involved in positive regulation of ERAD pathway molecular_function GO:0019783 ubiquitin-like protein-specific protease activity Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide or isopeptide bonds within small proteins such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (e.g. APG8, ISG15, NEDD8, SUMO), or between the small protein and a larger protein to which it has been conjugated. GOC:ma GOC:mah small conjugating protein-specific protease activity GOC:dph Catalysis of the hydrolysis of APG8, a small ubiquitin-related modifier. molecular_function APG8-PE hydrolase APG8-specific protease activity GO:0019786 Atg8-specific protease activity Catalysis of the hydrolysis of APG8, a small ubiquitin-related modifier. GOC:mah APG8-specific protease activity GOC:vw Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like from one protein to another via the reaction X-ULP + Y --> Y-ULP + X, where both X-ULP and Y-ULP are covalent linkages. ULP represents a ubiquitin-like protein. GO:0008639 GO:0008640 Reactome:R-HSA-5678490 Reactome:R-HSA-688137 small conjugating protein transferase activity small conjugating protein ligase activity small protein conjugating enzyme activity ubiquitin-like conjugating enzyme activity ubiquitin-like-protein ligase activity molecular_function E2 E3 GO:0019787 small conjugating protein ligase activity ubiquitin-like protein transferase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like from one protein to another via the reaction X-ULP + Y --> Y-ULP + X, where both X-ULP and Y-ULP are covalent linkages. ULP represents a ubiquitin-like protein. GOC:mah GOC:rn PMID:10806345 PMID:10884686 Reactome:R-HSA-5678490 ATG16L1 complex transfers LC3 from ATG3 to PE Reactome:R-HSA-688137 RIP2 is K63 polyubiquitinated small conjugating protein transferase activity GOC:dph small conjugating protein ligase activity GOC:dph E3 dph:GOC The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites. cellular_component GO:0019867 outer membrane The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites. GOC:go_curators A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two gametes, which may come from two organisms or from a single organism, in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two gametes join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny. Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction biological_process GO:0019953 Sexual reproduction may be seen as the regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times. sexual reproduction A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two gametes, which may come from two organisms or from a single organism, in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two gametes join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny. GOC:jl GOC:kmv GOC:krc GOC:tb ISBN:0387520546 Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction The biological process in which new individuals are produced by either a single cell or a group of cells, in the absence of any sexual process. Wikipedia:Asexual_reproduction biological_process parthenogenesis GO:0019954 asexual reproduction The biological process in which new individuals are produced by either a single cell or a group of cells, in the absence of any sexual process. ISBN:0387520546 parthenogenesis Wikipedia:Parthenogenesis A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. biological_process GO:0021700 developmental maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state. GOC:cls GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid GO_REF:0000021 Generation of cells within the nervous system. Wikipedia:Neurogenesis nervous system cell generation biological_process neural cell differentiation GO:0022008 neurogenesis Generation of cells within the nervous system. GOC:cls GOC:curators GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:jid GO_REF:0000021 nervous system cell generation neural cell differentiation GOC:BHF GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin-mediated signaling. regulation of rhodopsin mediated signalling biological_process GO:0022400 regulation of rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin-mediated signaling. GOC:mah The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. biological_process GO:0022402 cell cycle process The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. GOC:isa_complete GOC:mtg_cell_cycle One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. biological_process GO:0022403 cell cycle phase One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere. membrane docking biological_process GO:0022406 membrane docking The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere. GOC:isa_complete PMID:27875684 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell. biological_process GO:0022407 regulation of cell-cell adhesion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell. GOC:isa_complete Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. down regulation of cell-cell adhesion down-regulation of cell-cell adhesion downregulation of cell-cell adhesion inhibition of cell-cell adhesion biological_process GO:0022408 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. GOC:isa_complete Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. up regulation of cell-cell adhesion up-regulation of cell-cell adhesion upregulation of cell-cell adhesion activation of cell-cell adhesion stimulation of cell-cell adhesion biological_process GO:0022409 positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. GOC:isa_complete A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. biological_process GO:0022410 circadian sleep/wake cycle process A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. GOC:isa_complete A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. GO:0071845 cell structure disassembly cellular component disassembly at cellular level biological_process GO:0022411 cellular component disassembly A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. GOC:isa_complete A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. reproductive cellular process in multicellular organism biological_process GO:0022412 cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. GOC:isa_complete A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. janelomax 2012-09-19T15:56:06Z GO:0044702 biological_process single organism reproductive process GO:0022414 reproductive process A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. regulation of morphogenesis biological_process GO:0022603 regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. GO:0071844 cell structure assembly cellular component assembly at cellular level biological_process GO:0022607 cellular component assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component. GOC:isa_complete The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate, another cell, or other organism. Biological adhesion includes intracellular attachment between membrane regions. biological_process GO:0022610 biological adhesion The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate, another cell, or other organism. Biological adhesion includes intracellular attachment between membrane regions. GOC:isa_complete Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. GO:0005386 GO:0015563 GO:0015646 GO:0022891 GO:0022892 Reactome:R-HSA-1236947 Reactome:R-HSA-429036 Reactome:R-HSA-5638209 Reactome:R-HSA-5671707 Reactome:R-HSA-6784434 Reactome:R-HSA-6784436 molecular_function substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity substrate-specific transporter activity uptake permease activity uptake transmembrane transporter activity GO:0022857 transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:jid GOC:mtg_transport ISBN:0815340729 Reactome:R-HSA-1236947 Egress of internalized antigen to the cytosol via sec61 Reactome:R-HSA-429036 SLC2A9 transports Fru, Glc, urate Reactome:R-HSA-5638209 Defective SLC2A9 does not transport Fru, Glc, urate Reactome:R-HSA-5671707 Fe3+ dissociates from SLC22A17:LCN2:2,5DHBA Reactome:R-HSA-6784434 An unknown carrier transports cytosolic glyoxylate to the peroxisome Reactome:R-HSA-6784436 An unknown carrier transports mitochondrial glyoxylate to the cytosol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity. biological_process GO:0022898 regulation of transmembrane transporter activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:mtg_transport A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z biological_process signal transduction via phosphorylation event signal transmission via phosphorylation event GO:0023014 signal transduction by protein phosphorylation A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate. GOC:mtg_signal GOC:signaling signal transduction via phosphorylation event GOC:bf signal transmission via phosphorylation event GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z biological_process regulation of gene expression as a consequence of signal transmission GO:0023019 signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. GOC:mtg_signal regulation of gene expression as a consequence of signal transmission GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z biological_process regulation of signaling process regulation of signalling process GO:0023051 regulation of signaling Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal regulation of signaling process GOC:bf regulation of signalling process GOC:mah The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. janelomax 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z GO:0023046 GO:0044700 biological signaling signaling process signalling biological_process signalling process single organism signaling GO:0023052 Note that a signal is any variable property or parameter that serves to convey information, and may be a physical entity such as a gene product or small molecule, a photon, or a change in state such as movement or voltage change. signaling The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. GOC:mtg_signal GOC:mtg_signaling_feb11 GOC:signaling signalling process GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z positive regulation of signalling process biological_process positive regulation of signaling process GO:0023056 positive regulation of signaling Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal positive regulation of signalling process GOC:mah positive regulation of signaling process GOC:bf Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z biological_process negative regulation of signaling process negative regulation of signalling process GO:0023057 negative regulation of signaling Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. GOC:mtg_signal negative regulation of signaling process GOC:bf negative regulation of signalling process GOC:mah The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. 2010-02-16T09:30:50Z signal secretion biological_process GO:0023061 signal release The process in which a signal is secreted or discharged into the extracellular medium from a cellular source. GOC:mtg_signal signal secretion GOC:bf Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations at the level of a cell. biological_process GO:0030003 cellular cation homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations at the level of a cell. GOC:ceb GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. cell projection organisation biological_process cell projection organization and biogenesis cell surface structure organization and biogenesis GO:0030030 cell projection organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GOC:jl GOC:mah http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah cell surface structure organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. formation of a cell surface projection biological_process cell projection biogenesis GO:0030031 cell projection assembly Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GOC:jl GOC:mah http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ cell projection biogenesis GOC:mah A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. Wikipedia:Cell_junction cellular_component GO:0030054 cell junction A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells, or between a cell and the extracellular matrix, or between two membrane-bound components of a cell, such as flagella. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 PMID:26820516 PMID:28096264 http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/junctions_a.html A thylakoid that is derived from and attached to, but not necessarily continuous with, the plasma membrane, and is not enclosed in a plastid. It bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic cyanobacteria. plasma membrane-derived thylakoid cellular_component GO:0030075 bacterial thylakoid A thylakoid that is derived from and attached to, but not necessarily continuous with, the plasma membrane, and is not enclosed in a plastid. It bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic cyanobacteria. GOC:mah GOC:mtg_sensu The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. Wikipedia:Haematopoiesis blood cell biosynthesis blood cell formation haemopoiesis hematopoiesis biological_process GO:0030097 hemopoiesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. GOC:dgh ISBN:0198506732 The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. biological_process GO:0030099 myeloid cell differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. NK cell activation biological_process GO:0030101 natural killer cell activation The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. GOC:mgi_curators ISBN:0781735149 Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell. NIF_Subcellular:sao885490876 constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle Golgi to vacuole transport vesicle Golgi-vacuole transport vesicle cellular_component secretory vesicle GO:0030133 Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'secretory granule ; GO:0030141'. transport vesicle Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell. GOC:mah PMID:22160157 A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins. The COPII coat complex is formed by the Sec23p/Sec24p and the Sec13p/Sec31p heterodimers. COPII-associated vesicles transport proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus (anterograde transport). pg 2017-06-22T16:26:57Z GO:0030138 GO:0140045 COPII-associated ER to Golgi transport vesicle COPII-associated vesicle COPII-coated vesicle cellular_component COPII vesicle ER to Golgi constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle ER to Golgi transport vesicle ER-Golgi transport vesicle endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicle endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport vesicle GO:0030134 COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins. The COPII coat complex is formed by the Sec23p/Sec24p and the Sec13p/Sec31p heterodimers. COPII-associated vesicles transport proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus (anterograde transport). PMID:11252894 PMID:17499046 PMID:22160157 PMID:8004676 Wikipedia:COPII Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins. GO:0005909 NIF_Subcellular:sao1985096626 cellular_component GO:0030135 coated vesicle Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins. ISBN:0815316194 A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. secretory vesicle cellular_component GO:0030141 Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'transport vesicle ; GO:0030133'. secretory granule A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. Wikipedia:Cellular_differentiation biological_process GO:0030154 cell differentiation The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. biological_process cell adhesion receptor regulator activity GO:0030155 regulation of cell adhesion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. regulation of peptidolysis biological_process GO:0030162 regulation of proteolysis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. GOC:mah A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. blood coagulation, platelet activation biological_process GO:0030168 platelet activation A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. http://www.graylab.ac.uk/omd/ blood coagulation, platelet activation GOC:add GOC:pde The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. biological_process GO:0030182 neuron differentiation The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. biological_process GO:0030193 regulation of blood coagulation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. up regulation of blood coagulation up-regulation of blood coagulation upregulation of blood coagulation activation of blood coagulation stimulation of blood coagulation biological_process GO:0030194 positive regulation of blood coagulation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. down regulation of blood coagulation down-regulation of blood coagulation downregulation of blood coagulation inhibition of blood coagulation biological_process GO:0030195 negative regulation of blood coagulation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. extracellular matrix organisation biological_process extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GO:0030198 extracellular matrix organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. GOC:mah extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. Wikipedia:Erythropoiesis RBC differentiation erythrocyte cell differentiation erythropoiesis red blood cell differentiation biological_process GO:0030218 erythrocyte differentiation The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. GOC:mah RBC differentiation CL:0000232 erythropoiesis GOC:add GOC:dph red blood cell differentiation CL:0000232 The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. GO:0000068 DNA condensation eukaryotic chromosome condensation nuclear chromosome condensation biological_process GO:0030261 chromosome condensation The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 DNA condensation Wikipedia:DNA_condensation eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:bf nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:bf Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis. apoptotic nuclear change biological_process GO:0030262 apoptotic nuclear changes Alterations undergone by nuclei at the molecular and morphological level as part of the execution phase of apoptosis. GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis. Wikipedia:Pyknosis pyknosis biological_process GO:0030263 apoptotic chromosome condensation The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis. GOC:mah Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function. molecular_function GO:0030284 For estrogen receptors that function within the nucleus to modulate transcription, consider instead annotating to the child terms 'estrogen-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity ; GO:0038052' or 'estrogen-activated RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding transcription factor activity ; GO:0038053'. estrogen receptor activity Combining with estrogen and transmitting the signal within the cell to trigger a change in cell activity or function. GOC:signaling PMID:17615392 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. up regulation of cell growth up-regulation of cell growth upregulation of cell growth activation of cell growth stimulation of cell growth biological_process GO:0030307 positive regulation of cell growth Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. down regulation of cell growth down-regulation of cell growth downregulation of cell growth inhibition of cell growth biological_process GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. GOC:go_curators A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. cellular_component GO:0030312 The outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria) are defined as parts of this structure, see 'external encapsulating structure part'. external encapsulating structure A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. GOC:go_curators An envelope that surrounds a bacterial cell and includes the cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present. Wikipedia:Cell_envelope cellular_component GO:0030313 cell envelope An envelope that surrounds a bacterial cell and includes the cytoplasmic membrane and everything external, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present. GOC:ds GOC:mlg http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/cell_envelope.htm Any process involved in the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell. sperm motility sperm movement Wikipedia:Sperm_motility flagellated sperm movement biological_process GO:0030317 flagellated sperm motility Any process involved in the controlled movement of a flagellated sperm cell. GOC:cilia GOC:jl GOC:krc The cytoplasm of a host cell. paola 2014-12-01T14:14:21Z GO:0097679 cellular_component other organism cytoplasm GO:0030430 host cell cytoplasm The cytoplasm of a host cell. GOC:mah Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain. Wikipedia:Sleep biological_process diapause dormancy lethargus GO:0030431 sleep Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain. ISBN:0192800981 Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an receptor located within a cell. intracellular receptor mediated signaling pathway intracellular receptor-mediated signaling pathway intracellular receptor-mediated signalling pathway biological_process GO:0030522 intracellular receptor signaling pathway Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an receptor located within a cell. GOC:bf GOC:mah The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed. MIPS_funcat:18.02.07 molecular_function GO:0030545 receptor regulator activity The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is changed. GOC:ceb The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. receptor activator activity molecular_function GO:0030546 signaling receptor activator activity The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. GOC:ceb The directed movement of a symbiont's proteins within a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GO:0051708 intracellular protein transport in other organism during symbiotic interaction intracellular protein transport in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction host cell protein transport intracellular protein transport in host biological_process GO:0030581 symbiont intracellular protein transport in host The directed movement of a symbiont's proteins within a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mb intracellular protein transport in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. regulation of vitamin metabolism biological_process GO:0030656 regulation of vitamin metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. GOC:mah The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle. secretory vesicle membrane constitutive secretory pathway transport vesicle membrane cellular_component GO:0030658 transport vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle. GOC:mah The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. cellular_component GO:0030659 cytoplasmic vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. GOC:mah The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus. cellular_component Golgi vesicle membrane GO:0030660 Golgi-associated vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus. GOC:mah The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle. cellular_component GO:0030662 coated vesicle membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle. GOC:mah The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule. secretory vesicle membrane cellular_component GO:0030667 secretory granule membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule. GOC:mah The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. biological_process GO:0030705 cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal fibers such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell. GOC:mah The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. Wikipedia:Ovulation biological_process GO:0030728 ovulation The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. GOC:bf ISBN:0878932437 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides. regulation of nucleotide anabolism regulation of nucleotide biosynthesis regulation of nucleotide formation regulation of nucleotide synthesis biological_process GO:0030808 regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides. down regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process down-regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process downregulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process negative regulation of nucleotide anabolism negative regulation of nucleotide biosynthesis negative regulation of nucleotide formation negative regulation of nucleotide synthesis inhibition of nucleotide biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0030809 negative regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides. positive regulation of nucleotide anabolism positive regulation of nucleotide biosynthesis positive regulation of nucleotide formation positive regulation of nucleotide synthesis up regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process up-regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process upregulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process activation of nucleotide biosynthetic process stimulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0030810 positive regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides. GOC:mah A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules. intraflagellar transport complex intraflagellar transport particle cellular_component IFT complex GO:0030990 Note that we deem cilia and microtubule-based flagella to be equivalent. intraciliary transport particle A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules. GOC:cilia GOC:kmv PMID:14570576 PMID:22118932 PMID:23945166 A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. GO:0005578 NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 Wikipedia:Extracellular_matrix proteinaceous extracellular matrix matrisome cellular_component GO:0031012 extracellular matrix A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. GOC:BHF GOC:mah GOC:rph NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090513 PMID:21123617 PMID:28089324 Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. RNA-mediated gene silencing biological_process GO:0031047 gene silencing by RNA Any process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb PMID:15020054 RNA-mediated gene silencing GOC:dph GOC:tb The DNA metabolic process in which micronuclear-limited sequences, internal eliminated sequences (IES) and breakage eliminated sequences (BES) are removed from the developing macronucleus (anlage) of a ciliate. biological_process GO:0031049 programmed DNA elimination The DNA metabolic process in which micronuclear-limited sequences, internal eliminated sequences (IES) and breakage eliminated sequences (BES) are removed from the developing macronucleus (anlage) of a ciliate. GOC:mah GOC:ns Regulated cleavage of the developing macronuclear genome at a limited number of chromosome breakage sites (CBS). The macronuclear destined segment (MDS) sequence adjacent to the CBS (or separated from it by a BES) receives a macronuclear telomere following chromosome breakage. establishment or maintenance of heterochromatin architecture biological_process GO:0031052 Note that this term refers to breakage of chromosomes during normal DNA rearrangements characteristic of ciliates; it is not to be used for DNA damage or other abnormal occurrences. chromosome breakage Regulated cleavage of the developing macronuclear genome at a limited number of chromosome breakage sites (CBS). The macronuclear destined segment (MDS) sequence adjacent to the CBS (or separated from it by a BES) receives a macronuclear telomere following chromosome breakage. GOC:ns establishment or maintenance of heterochromatin architecture GOC:mah A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 cellular_component intracellular membrane GO:0031090 organelle membrane A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. GOC:dos GOC:mah intracellular membrane NIF_Subcellular:sao830981606 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). neurite biosynthesis neurite development neurite formation neurite growth neurite outgrowth biological_process GO:0031175 neuron projection development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). GOC:mah neurite development GOC:dph A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement. pseudopodium organisation biological_process pseudopodium organization and biogenesis GO:0031268 pseudopodium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement. GOC:pg pseudopodium organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. regulation of cellular metabolism biological_process GO:0031323 regulation of cellular metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. down regulation of cellular metabolic process down-regulation of cellular metabolic process downregulation of cellular metabolic process negative regulation of cellular metabolism inhibition of cellular metabolic process biological_process GO:0031324 negative regulation of cellular metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. positive regulation of cellular metabolism up regulation of cellular metabolic process up-regulation of cellular metabolic process upregulation of cellular metabolic process activation of cellular metabolic process stimulation of cellular metabolic process biological_process GO:0031325 positive regulation of cellular metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. regulation of cellular anabolism regulation of cellular biosynthesis regulation of cellular formation regulation of cellular synthesis biological_process GO:0031326 regulation of cellular biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. down regulation of cellular biosynthetic process down-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process downregulation of cellular biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular anabolism negative regulation of cellular biosynthesis negative regulation of cellular formation negative regulation of cellular synthesis inhibition of cellular biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0031327 negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. positive regulation of cellular anabolism positive regulation of cellular biosynthesis positive regulation of cellular formation positive regulation of cellular synthesis up regulation of cellular biosynthetic process up-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process upregulation of cellular biosynthetic process activation of cellular biosynthetic process stimulation of cellular biosynthetic process biological_process GO:0031328 positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. regulation of cellular breakdown regulation of cellular catabolism regulation of cellular degradation biological_process GO:0031329 regulation of cellular catabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. down regulation of cellular catabolic process down-regulation of cellular catabolic process downregulation of cellular catabolic process negative regulation of cellular breakdown negative regulation of cellular catabolism negative regulation of cellular degradation inhibition of cellular catabolic process biological_process GO:0031330 negative regulation of cellular catabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. positive regulation of cellular breakdown positive regulation of cellular catabolism positive regulation of cellular degradation up regulation of cellular catabolic process up-regulation of cellular catabolic process upregulation of cellular catabolic process activation of cellular catabolic process stimulation of cellular catabolic process biological_process GO:0031331 positive regulation of cellular catabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. down regulation of protein complex assembly down-regulation of protein complex assembly downregulation of protein complex assembly inhibition of protein complex assembly biological_process negative regulation of protein complex assembly GO:0031333 negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. up regulation of protein complex assembly up-regulation of protein complex assembly upregulation of protein complex assembly activation of protein complex assembly stimulation of protein complex assembly biological_process positive regulation of protein complex assembly GO:0031334 positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process in which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism. biological_process GO:0031341 regulation of cell killing Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process in which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing. down regulation of cell killing down-regulation of cell killing downregulation of cell killing inhibition of cell killing biological_process GO:0031342 negative regulation of cell killing Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing. up regulation of cell killing up-regulation of cell killing upregulation of cell killing activation of cell killing stimulation of cell killing biological_process GO:0031343 positive regulation of cell killing Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. regulation of cell projection organisation biological_process regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GO:0031344 regulation of cell projection organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. GOC:mah regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. down regulation of cell projection organization down-regulation of cell projection organization downregulation of cell projection organization negative regulation of cell projection organisation inhibition of cell projection organization biological_process negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GO:0031345 negative regulation of cell projection organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. GOC:mah down regulation of cell projection organization GOC:mah negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. positive regulation of cell projection organisation up regulation of cell projection organization up-regulation of cell projection organization upregulation of cell projection organization activation of cell projection organization stimulation of cell projection organization biological_process positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GO:0031346 positive regulation of cell projection organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. GOC:mah positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. biological_process GO:0031347 regulation of defense response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. down regulation of defense response down-regulation of defense response downregulation of defense response inhibition of defense response biological_process GO:0031348 negative regulation of defense response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. up regulation of defense response up-regulation of defense response upregulation of defense response activation of defense response stimulation of defense response biological_process GO:0031349 positive regulation of defense response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. biological_process GO:0031399 regulation of protein modification process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. GOC:mah GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. down regulation of protein modification down-regulation of protein modification downregulation of protein modification inhibition of protein modification biological_process GO:0031400 negative regulation of protein modification process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. GOC:mah GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. up regulation of protein modification up-regulation of protein modification upregulation of protein modification activation of protein modification stimulation of protein modification biological_process GO:0031401 positive regulation of protein modification process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. GOC:mah GOC:tb A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GO:0016023 NIF_Subcellular:sao180601769 cellular_component cytoplasmic membrane bounded vesicle cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded vesicle GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GOC:ai GOC:mah GOC:vesicles Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. biological_process GO:0031427 response to methotrexate Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. GOC:ef GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. establishment and maintenance of protein complex localization protein complex localisation biological_process protein complex localization GO:0031503 protein-containing complex localization A localization process that acts on a protein complex; the complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:mah protein complex localisation GOC:mah Any process in an organism that results in the killing of cells of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions. GO:0001908 killing of cells of another organism killing of cells of another, non-host, organism biological_process GO:0031640 killing of cells of other organism Any process in an organism that results in the killing of cells of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions. GOC:add killing of cells of another organism GOC:bf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. regulation of neurological process regulation of neurological system process regulation of neurophysiological process biological_process GO:0031644 regulation of nervous system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb regulation of neurological process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. down regulation of neurological process down-regulation of neurological process downregulation of neurological process negative regulation of neurological process negative regulation of neurological system process negative regulation of neurophysiological process inhibition of neurological process biological_process GO:0031645 negative regulation of nervous system process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb negative regulation of neurological process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. positive regulation of neurological process positive regulation of neurological system process positive regulation of neurophysiological process up regulation of neurological process up-regulation of neurological process upregulation of neurological process activation of neurological process stimulation of neurological process biological_process GO:0031646 positive regulation of nervous system process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb positive regulation of neurological process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. biological_process GO:0031667 response to nutrient levels Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus. biological_process GO:0031668 cellular response to extracellular stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. biological_process GO:0031669 cellular response to nutrient levels Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. response to corticosteroid stimulus biological_process GO:0031960 response to corticosteroid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. GOC:mah PMID:11027914 response to corticosteroid stimulus GOC:dos A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. cellular_component GO:0031967 organelle envelope A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. GOC:mah GOC:pz Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chloroplast and form the chloroplast envelope. Wikipedia:Chloroplast_membrane cellular_component GO:0031969 chloroplast membrane Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chloroplast and form the chloroplast envelope. GOC:mah GOC:pz The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope. organelle intermembrane space cellular_component GO:0031970 organelle envelope lumen The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope. GOC:mah The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen. cellular_component GO:0031974 membrane-enclosed lumen The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen. GOC:add GOC:mah A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers. cellular_component GO:0031975 envelope A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers. GOC:mah GOC:pz Any thylakoid within a plastid. cellular_component GO:0031976 plastid thylakoid Any thylakoid within a plastid. GOC:pz The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. cellular_component GO:0031981 nuclear lumen The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. GOC:mah GOC:pz Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. GO:0031988 NIF_Subcellular:sao221389602 Wikipedia:Vesicle_(biology) cellular_component membrane-bounded vesicle membrane-enclosed vesicle GO:0031982 vesicle Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane. GOC:mah GOC:pz GOC:vesicles A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of an organelle. suborganelle compartment cellular_component GO:0031984 Note that this term refers to membrane-bounded compartments that are not considered organelles in their own right, but form parts of larger organelles. organelle subcompartment A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of an organelle. GOC:mah GOC:pz Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. locomotion during locomotory behaviour biological_process GO:0031987 locomotion involved in locomotory behavior Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA. mitochondrial DNA metabolism mtDNA metabolic process mtDNA metabolism biological_process GO:0032042 mitochondrial DNA metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA. GOC:mah The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses. blebbing membrane blebbing cell blebbing plasma membrane bleb assembly plasma membrane blebbing biological_process GO:0032060 bleb assembly The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Plasma membrane blebbing occurs during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses. GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:12083798 PMID:16624291 Wikipedia:Bleb_(cell_biology) blebbing GOC:pr membrane blebbing GOC:pr plasma membrane bleb assembly GOC:pr plasma membrane blebbing GOC:pr Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. down regulation of protein binding down-regulation of protein binding downregulation of protein binding inhibition of protein binding biological_process GO:0032091 negative regulation of protein binding Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. up regulation of protein binding up-regulation of protein binding upregulation of protein binding activation of protein binding stimulation of protein binding biological_process GO:0032092 positive regulation of protein binding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. biological_process GO:0032101 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. down regulation of response to external stimulus down-regulation of response to external stimulus downregulation of response to external stimulus inhibition of response to external stimulus biological_process GO:0032102 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. up regulation of response to external stimulus up-regulation of response to external stimulus upregulation of response to external stimulus activation of response to external stimulus stimulation of response to external stimulus biological_process GO:0032103 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of response to external stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus. biological_process GO:0032104 regulation of response to extracellular stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus. down regulation of response to extracellular stimulus down-regulation of response to extracellular stimulus downregulation of response to extracellular stimulus inhibition of response to extracellular stimulus biological_process GO:0032105 negative regulation of response to extracellular stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an extracellular stimulus. up regulation of response to extracellular stimulus up-regulation of response to extracellular stimulus upregulation of response to extracellular stimulus activation of response to extracellular stimulus stimulation of response to extracellular stimulus biological_process GO:0032106 positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an extracellular stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. biological_process GO:0032107 regulation of response to nutrient levels Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. down regulation of response to nutrient levels down-regulation of response to nutrient levels downregulation of response to nutrient levels inhibition of response to nutrient levels biological_process GO:0032108 negative regulation of response to nutrient levels Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. up regulation of response to nutrient levels up-regulation of response to nutrient levels upregulation of response to nutrient levels activation of response to nutrient levels stimulation of response to nutrient levels biological_process GO:0032109 positive regulation of response to nutrient levels Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. GOC:mah The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule. Wikipedia:Methylation biological_process GO:0032259 methylation The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. regulation of cellular protein metabolism biological_process GO:0032268 regulation of cellular protein metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. down regulation of cellular protein metabolic process down-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process downregulation of cellular protein metabolic process negative regulation of cellular protein metabolism inhibition of cellular protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0032269 negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. positive regulation of cellular protein metabolism up regulation of cellular protein metabolic process up-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process upregulation of cellular protein metabolic process activation of cellular protein metabolic process stimulation of cellular protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0032270 positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. GOC:mah A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine or dendritic shaft. Asymmetric synapses, the most abundant synapse type in the central nervous system, involve axons that contain predominantly spherical vesicles and contain a thickened postsynaptic density. Most or all synapses of this type are excitatory. Gray's type I synapse cellular_component GO:0032279 asymmetric synapse A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine or dendritic shaft. Asymmetric synapses, the most abundant synapse type in the central nervous system, involve axons that contain predominantly spherical vesicles and contain a thickened postsynaptic density. Most or all synapses of this type are excitatory. GOC:dgh GOC:ef Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. biological_process GO:0032386 regulation of intracellular transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. down regulation of intracellular transport down-regulation of intracellular transport downregulation of intracellular transport inhibition of intracellular transport biological_process GO:0032387 negative regulation of intracellular transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. up regulation of intracellular transport up-regulation of intracellular transport upregulation of intracellular transport activation of intracellular transport stimulation of intracellular transport biological_process GO:0032388 positive regulation of intracellular transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter. biological_process GO:0032409 regulation of transporter activity Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter. GOC:mah Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter. down regulation of transporter activity down-regulation of transporter activity downregulation of transporter activity inhibition of transporter activity biological_process GO:0032410 negative regulation of transporter activity Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter. up regulation of transporter activity up-regulation of transporter activity upregulation of transporter activity activation of transporter activity stimulation of transporter activity biological_process GO:0032411 positive regulation of transporter activity Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter. regulation of ion transporter activity biological_process GO:0032412 regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter. GOC:mah GOC:tb regulation of ion transporter activity GOC:tb Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter. down regulation of ion transporter activity down-regulation of ion transporter activity downregulation of ion transporter activity negative regulation of ion transporter activity inhibition of ion transporter activity biological_process GO:0032413 negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter. GOC:mah GOC:tb negative regulation of ion transporter activity GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter. positive regulation of ion transporter activity up regulation of ion transporter activity up-regulation of ion transporter activity upregulation of ion transporter activity activation of ion transporter activity stimulation of ion transporter activity biological_process GO:0032414 positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter. GOC:mah GOC:tb positive regulation of ion transporter activity GOC:tb Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings. Golgi calcium ion concentration regulation calcium ion homeostasis in Golgi regulation of Golgi calcium ion concentration regulation of calcium ion concentration in Golgi biological_process GO:0032468 Golgi calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings. GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. ER calcium ion concentration regulation ER calcium ion homeostasis calcium ion homeostasis in ER calcium ion homeostasis in endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration regulation regulation of ER calcium ion concentration regulation of calcium ion concentration in ER regulation of calcium ion concentration in endoplasmic reticulum regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration biological_process GO:0032469 endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. GOC:mah Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. janelomax 2012-09-19T16:07:47Z GO:0044707 GO:0050874 organismal physiological process biological_process single-multicellular organism process GO:0032501 multicellular organismal process Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. GOC:curators GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. janelomax 2012-12-19T12:21:31Z GO:0044767 development biological_process single-organism developmental process GO:0032502 developmental process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. GOC:isa_complete The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. biological_process GO:0032504 multicellular organism reproduction The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. GOC:isa_complete GOC:jid The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer. protein translocation within membrane receptor translocation within membrane receptor transport within lipid bilayer biological_process GO:0032594 protein transport within lipid bilayer The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication. RNA anabolism RNA biosynthesis RNA formation RNA synthesis biological_process GO:0032774 Note that, in some cases, viral RNA replication and viral transcription from RNA actually refer to the same process, but may be called differently depending on the focus of a specific research study. RNA biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers. Refers not only to transcription but also to e.g. viral RNA replication. GOC:mah GOC:txnOH The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). monocarboxylate metabolic process monocarboxylic acid metabolism biological_process GO:0032787 monocarboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). GOC:vk Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. regulation of NK cell activation biological_process GO:0032814 regulation of natural killer cell activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. down regulation of natural killer cell activation down-regulation of natural killer cell activation downregulation of natural killer cell activation negative regulation of NK cell activation inhibition of natural killer cell activation biological_process GO:0032815 negative regulation of natural killer cell activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. positive regulation of NK cell activation up regulation of natural killer cell activation up-regulation of natural killer cell activation upregulation of natural killer cell activation activation of natural killer cell activation stimulation of natural killer cell activation biological_process GO:0032816 positive regulation of natural killer cell activation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. GOC:mah All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. cellular_component GO:0032838 plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. GOC:krc GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. biological_process GO:0032870 cellular response to hormone stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. regulation of localisation biological_process GO:0032879 regulation of localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:mah regulation of localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. regulation of protein localisation biological_process GO:0032880 regulation of protein localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb regulation of protein localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton. biological_process GO:0032886 regulation of microtubule-based process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. biological_process GO:0032887 regulation of spindle elongation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. biological_process GO:0032888 regulation of mitotic spindle elongation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0032890 regulation of organic acid transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of organic acid transport down-regulation of organic acid transport downregulation of organic acid transport inhibition of organic acid transport biological_process GO:0032891 negative regulation of organic acid transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of organic acid transport up-regulation of organic acid transport upregulation of organic acid transport activation of organic acid transport stimulation of organic acid transport biological_process GO:0032892 positive regulation of organic acid transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah The controlled release of a substance by a cell. Wikipedia:Secretion cellular secretion biological_process GO:0032940 secretion by cell The controlled release of a substance by a cell. GOC:mah The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. cellular structure morphogenesis biological_process GO:0032989 cellular component morphogenesis The process in which cellular structures, including whole cells or cell parts, are generated and organized. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb cellular structure morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. GO:0043234 macromolecular complex macromolecule complex protein containing complex protein complex protein-protein complex cellular_component GO:0032991 A protein complex in this context is meant as a stable set of interacting proteins which can be co-purified by an acceptable method, and where the complex has been shown to exist as an isolated, functional unit in vivo. Acceptable experimental methods include stringent protein purification followed by detection of protein interaction. The following methods should be considered non-acceptable: simple immunoprecipitation, pull-down experiments from cell extracts without further purification, colocalization and 2-hybrid screening. Interactions that should not be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate, receptor/ligand or any similar transient interactions, unless these are a critical part of the complex assembly or are required e.g. for the receptor to be functional; 2) proteins associated in a pull-down/co-immunoprecipitation assay with no functional link or any evidence that this is a defined biological entity rather than a loose-affinity complex; 3) any complex where the only evidence is based on genetic interaction data; 4) partial complexes, where some subunits (e.g. transmembrane ones) cannot be expressed as recombinant proteins and are excluded from experiments (in this case, independent evidence is necessary to find out the composition of the full complex, if known). Interactions that may be captured as protein complexes include: 1) enzyme/substrate or receptor/ligand if the complex can only assemble and become functional in the presence of both classes of subunits; 2) complexes where one of the members has not been shown to be physically linked to the other(s), but is a homologue of, and has the same functionality as, a protein that has been experimentally demonstrated to form a complex with the other member(s); 3) complexes whose existence is accepted based on localization and pharmacological studies, but for which experimental evidence is not yet available for the complex as a whole. protein-containing complex A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together. GOC:dos GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. tetrapyrrole metabolism biological_process GO:0033013 tetrapyrrole metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. GOC:mah Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. macromolecule localisation biological_process GO:0033036 macromolecule localization Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:mah macromolecule localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. regulation of organelle organisation biological_process regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GO:0033043 regulation of organelle organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. GOC:mah regulation of organelle organisation GOC:mah regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. regulation of chromosome organisation biological_process regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GO:0033044 regulation of chromosome organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome. GOC:mah regulation of chromosome organisation GOC:mah regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. biological_process GO:0033045 regulation of sister chromatid segregation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. biological_process GO:0033046 negative regulation of sister chromatid segregation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. biological_process GO:0033047 regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. biological_process GO:0033048 negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. GOC:mah Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a progesterone receptor. molecular_function GO:0033142 progesterone receptor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a progesterone receptor. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. biological_process GO:0033157 regulation of intracellular protein transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus. biological_process GO:0033273 response to vitamin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus. GOC:sl A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. secretory granule organisation biological_process secretory granule organization and biogenesis GO:0033363 secretory granule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. GOC:mah secretory granule organisation GOC:mah secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. protein localisation to organelle protein localization in organelle biological_process GO:0033365 protein localization to organelle A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. GOC:mah protein localisation to organelle GOC:mah protein localization in organelle GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a T cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. T cell secretory granule organisation T lymphocyte secretory granule organization T-cell secretory granule organization T-lymphocyte secretory granule organization biological_process T cell secretory granule organization and biogenesis T-lymphocyte secretory granule maturation GO:0033371 T cell secretory granule organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a T cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. GOC:mah T cell secretory granule organisation GOC:mah T cell secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:mah A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0033500 carbohydrate homeostasis A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process GO:0033554 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in the cytosol. protein amino acid glycosylation in cytosol biological_process GO:0033576 protein glycosylation in cytosol The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in the cytosol. GOC:mah GOC:pr PMID:12042244 protein amino acid glycosylation in cytosol GOC:bf The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in the endoplasmic reticulum. protein amino acid glycosylation in ER protein amino acid glycosylation in endoplasmic reticulum biological_process core glycosylation GO:0033577 protein glycosylation in endoplasmic reticulum The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in the endoplasmic reticulum. GOC:mah GOC:pr PMID:12042244 protein amino acid glycosylation in endoplasmic reticulum GOC:bf core glycosylation PMID:6345657 The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus. protein amino acid glycosylation in Golgi terminal glycosylation biological_process GO:0033578 protein glycosylation in Golgi The addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus. GOC:mah GOC:pr PMID:12042244 protein amino acid glycosylation in Golgi GOC:bf terminal glycosylation PMID:6345657 Any process in which an organism modulates a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process GO:0033635 modulation by symbiont of host response to abiotic stimulus Any process in which an organism modulates a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. modulation by symbiont of host response to thermal stimulus biological_process GO:0033636 modulation by symbiont of host response to temperature stimulus Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process GO:0033640 modulation by symbiont of host response to osmotic stress Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process GO:0033641 modulation by symbiont of host response to pH Any process in which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. cellular_component GO:0033643 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. host cell part Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators Any constituent part of the living contents of a host cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. host cell intracellular part cellular_component GO:0033646 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. host intracellular part Any constituent part of the living contents of a host cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the host cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. cellular_component GO:0033647 host intracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the host cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, as found in host cells, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. host intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0033648 host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, as found in host cells, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. down regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death down-regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death downregulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death inhibition by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death negative regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis biological_process GO:0033668 Note that term is to be used to annotate gene products in the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term 'negative regulation of apoptosis ; GO:0043066'. negative regulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. down regulation of kinase activity down-regulation of kinase activity downregulation of kinase activity inhibition of kinase activity kinase inhibitor biological_process GO:0033673 negative regulation of kinase activity Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. up regulation of kinase activity up-regulation of kinase activity upregulation of kinase activity kinase activator stimulation of kinase activity biological_process GO:0033674 positive regulation of kinase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. biological_process GO:0033993 response to lipid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. GOC:sl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. response to cytokine stimulus biological_process GO:0034097 response to cytokine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. GOC:sl response to cytokine stimulus GOC:dos Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism. RBC homeostasis red blood cell homeostasis biological_process GO:0034101 erythrocyte homeostasis Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism. GOC:add PMID:10694114 PMID:14754397 RBC homeostasis CL:0000232 red blood cell homeostasis CL:0000232 The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules. biological_process GO:0034109 Note that this term is not synonymous with 'homophilic cell adhesion ; GO:0007156'; the process may occur by homophilic or heterophilic mechanisms. homotypic cell-cell adhesion The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules. GOC:add Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. biological_process GO:0034110 regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. GOC:add Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. biological_process GO:0034111 negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. GOC:add Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. biological_process GO:0034112 positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. GOC:add A process in which an ion is transported across a membrane. GO:0099131 ion membrane transport transmembrane ion transport ATP hydrolysis coupled ion transmembrane transport biological_process GO:0034220 Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. ion transmembrane transport A process in which an ion is transported across a membrane. GOC:mah transmembrane ion transport GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. regulation of amide metabolism biological_process GO:0034248 regulation of cellular amide metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. negative regulation of amide metabolism biological_process GO:0034249 negative regulation of cellular amide metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. positive regulation of amide metabolism biological_process GO:0034250 positive regulation of cellular amide metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide anabolism nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide formation nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide synthesis biological_process GO:0034404 nucleobase-containing small molecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. GOC:mah Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GO:0016249 cellular protein localisation channel localizer activity biological_process GO:0034613 cellular protein localization Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:mah cellular protein localisation GOC:mah channel localizer activity GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. cellular nitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:0034641 cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. cellular response to UV light stimulus cellular response to UV radiation stimulus cellular response to ultraviolet light stimulus cellular response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0034644 cellular response to UV Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells. GO:0034961 cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process cellular macromolecule anabolism cellular macromolecule biosynthesis cellular macromolecule formation cellular macromolecule synthesis biological_process GO:0034645 cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 cellular macromolecule anabolism GOC:mah cellular macromolecule biosynthesis GOC:mah cellular macromolecule formation GOC:mah cellular macromolecule synthesis GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid anabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid formation nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis biological_process GO:0034654 nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. regulation of membrane transport biological_process GO:0034762 regulation of transmembrane transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. down regulation of transmembrane transport down-regulation of transmembrane transport downregulation of transmembrane transport negative regulation of membrane transport inhibition of transmembrane transport biological_process GO:0034763 negative regulation of transmembrane transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. positive regulation of membrane transport up regulation of transmembrane transport up-regulation of transmembrane transport upregulation of transmembrane transport activation of transmembrane transport stimulation of transmembrane transport biological_process GO:0034764 positive regulation of transmembrane transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. regulation of ion membrane transport regulation of transmembrane ion transport biological_process GO:0034765 regulation of ion transmembrane transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah regulation of transmembrane ion transport GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. down regulation of transmembrane ion transport down-regulation of transmembrane ion transport downregulation of transmembrane ion transport negative regulation of ion membrane transport negative regulation of transmembrane ion transport inhibition of transmembrane ion transport biological_process GO:0034766 negative regulation of ion transmembrane transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah negative regulation of transmembrane ion transport GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. positive regulation of ion membrane transport positive regulation of transmembrane ion transport up regulation of transmembrane ion transport up-regulation of transmembrane ion transport upregulation of transmembrane ion transport activation of transmembrane ion transport stimulation of transmembrane ion transport biological_process GO:0034767 positive regulation of ion transmembrane transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. GO:0035083 GO:0035084 ciliary axoneme assembly cilium axoneme assembly flagellar axoneme assembly flagellum axoneme assembly biological_process axoneme biogenesis cilium axoneme biogenesis GO:0035082 Note that cilia and eukaryotic flagella are deemed to be equivalent. axoneme assembly The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. GOC:bf GOC:cilia GOC:jl ISBN:0815316194 axoneme biogenesis GOC:mah cilium axoneme biogenesis GOC:mah Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior. Wikipedia:Operant_conditioning instrumental conditioning biological_process GO:0035106 operant conditioning Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior. PMID:14662373 Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. Wikipedia:Social_behavior social behaviour biological_process cooperative behavior GO:0035176 Behavior such as predation which involves members of different species is not social. Communication between members of different species is also not social behavior. social behavior Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. GOC:jh2 PMID:12848939 Wikipedia:Social_behavior Any process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation (silencing) mediated by small RNA molecules that may trigger RNA (often mRNA) degradation or negatively regulate mRNA translation. RNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing biological_process sense-PTGS GO:0035194 posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA Any process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation (silencing) mediated by small RNA molecules that may trigger RNA (often mRNA) degradation or negatively regulate mRNA translation. GOC:aruk GOC:bc GOC:mah GOC:rl PMID:15020054 PMID:15066275 PMID:15066283 PMID:23985560 PMID:28379604 RNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. biological_process GO:0035239 tube morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. GOC:bf PMID:14624839 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent receptor found in the nucleus of the cell. molecular_function GO:0035257 nuclear hormone receptor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent receptor found in the nucleus of the cell. GOC:bf Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid hormone receptor. molecular_function GO:0035258 steroid hormone receptor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a steroid hormone receptor. GOC:bf The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth. biological_process body growth GO:0035264 multicellular organism growth The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth. GOC:bf GOC:curators GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. biological_process GO:0035295 tube development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts. PMID:12526790 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon. rfoulger 2010-04-16T11:06:12Z response to fiblaferon response to fibroblast interferon response to interferon beta biological_process response to beta-1 interferon GO:0035456 response to interferon-beta Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-beta stimulus. Interferon-beta is a type I interferon. GOC:sl PMID:9561374 PR:000008924 response to fiblaferon GOC:sl response to fibroblast interferon GOC:sl response to interferon beta GOC:hp PR:000008924 response to beta-1 interferon GOC:sl The process in which a vitamin is transported across a membrane. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. rfoulger 2010-04-19T10:21:41Z vitamin membrane transport biological_process GO:0035461 Note that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. vitamin transmembrane transport The process in which a vitamin is transported across a membrane. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. GOC:bf Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. rfoulger 2010-04-22T10:49:09Z biological_process GO:0035470 positive regulation of vascular wound healing Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. GOC:rph The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. rfoulger 2010-05-14T01:14:37Z GO:0007242 GO:0007243 GO:0023013 GO:0023034 intracellular signaling chain intracellular protein kinase cascade intracellular signal transduction pathway protein kinase cascade signal transmission via intracellular cascade biological_process intracellular signaling cascade intracellular signaling pathway signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GO:0035556 intracellular signal transduction The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. GOC:bf GOC:jl GOC:signaling ISBN:3527303782 intracellular signaling chain ISBN:3527303782 intracellular protein kinase cascade GOC:signaling protein kinase cascade GOC:signaling intracellular signaling cascade GOC:signaling The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. rfoulger 2010-11-09T10:25:08Z establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region establishment of protein localization in extracellular region biological_process GO:0035592 establishment of protein localization to extracellular region The directed movement of a protein to a specific location within the extracellular region. GOC:BHF GOC:bf establishment of protein localisation in extracellular region GOC:mah The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium assembly. rfoulger 2011-03-17T10:55:42Z intraflagellar transport Reactome:R-HSA-5620924.2 biological_process intraciliary transport involved in cilium morphogenesis intraflagellar transport involved in cilium morphogenesis GO:0035735 intraciliary transport involved in cilium assembly The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium assembly. GOC:bf GOC:cilia Reactome:R-HSA-5620924.2 The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of another organism. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18605 rfoulger 2011-04-21T01:31:51Z modification of morphology or physiology of other organism regulation of morphology of other organism regulation of physiological process of other organism regulation of physiology of other organism biological_process regulation of morphology or physiology of other organism GO:0035821 modulation of process of other organism The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of another organism. GOC:bf regulation of morphology of other organism GOC:bf regulation of physiological process of other organism GOC:bf regulation of physiology of other organism GOC:bf regulation of morphology or physiology of other organism GOC:bf Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism. rfoulger 2011-07-22T02:59:40Z down regulation of peptidase activity in other organism downregulation of peptidase activity in other organism down-regulation of protease activity in other organism inhibition of protease activity in other organism negative regulation of protease activity in other organism biological_process GO:0035940 negative regulation of peptidase activity in other organism Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism. GOC:klp PMID:10595640 down regulation of peptidase activity in other organism GOC:bf downregulation of peptidase activity in other organism GOC:bf down-regulation of protease activity in other organism GOC:bf inhibition of protease activity in other organism GOC:bf negative regulation of protease activity in other organism GOC:bf The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). rfoulger 2012-04-26T01:47:12Z protein modification biological_process GO:0036211 protein modification process The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). GOC:bf GOC:jl protein modification GOC:bf Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function. rfoulger 2012-07-09T01:26:24Z biological_process GO:0036270 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to diuretic Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a diuretic stimulus. A diuretic is an agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function. GOC:hp Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylphenidate stimulus. rfoulger 2012-07-09T01:30:57Z response to MPD response to MPH response to ritalin biological_process GO:0036271 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to methylphenidate Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylphenidate stimulus. GOC:hp Wikipedia:Methylphenidate response to MPD CHEBI:6887 response to MPH CHEBI:6887 response to ritalin CHEBI:6887 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gemcitabine stimulus. Gemcitabine is a 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position, and is used as a drug in the treatment of various carcinomas. rfoulger 2012-07-09T01:36:03Z response to 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine response to 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine biological_process GO:0036272 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to gemcitabine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gemcitabine stimulus. Gemcitabine is a 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position, and is used as a drug in the treatment of various carcinomas. GOC:hp Wikipedia:Gemcitabine response to 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine CHEBI:175901 response to 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine CHEBI:175901 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a statin stimulus. Statins are organooxygen compounds whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC:1.1.1.34/EC:1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties. rfoulger 2012-07-09T01:54:01Z biological_process response to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor response to hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor GO:0036273 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to statin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a statin stimulus. Statins are organooxygen compounds whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC:1.1.1.34/EC:1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties. GOC:hp response to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor CHEBI:35664 response to hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor CHEBI:35664 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lapatinib stimulus. rfoulger 2012-07-09T02:02:26Z biological_process GO:0036274 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to lapatinib Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lapatinib stimulus. GOC:hp Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluorouracil stimulus. rfoulger 2012-07-09T02:08:23Z response to 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione response to fluorouracil biological_process GO:0036275 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to 5-fluorouracil Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluorouracil stimulus. GOC:hp response to 5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione CHEBI:46345 response to fluorouracil GOC:hp Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antidepressant stimulus, a mood-stimulating drug. rfoulger 2012-07-09T02:12:44Z biological_process GO:0036276 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to antidepressant Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antidepressant stimulus, a mood-stimulating drug. GOC:hp Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticonvulsant stimulus, a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. rfoulger 2012-07-09T02:40:12Z biological_process GO:0036277 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to anticonvulsant Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticonvulsant stimulus, a drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. GOC:hp Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iloperidone stimulus. rfoulger 2012-07-16T05:01:29Z biological_process GO:0036287 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to iloperidone Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iloperidone stimulus. GOC:hp Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ximelagatran stimulus. rfoulger 2012-07-16T05:03:56Z biological_process GO:0036288 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to ximelagatran Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ximelagatran stimulus. GOC:hp Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure within a nucleoid. rfoulger 2013-05-30T10:36:05Z biological_process GO:0036385 nucleoid DNA packaging Any process in which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure within a nucleoid. GOC:bf GOC:bhm Compaction of DNA in a bacterial nucleoid into a compact structure. Often achieved by DNA supercoiling. rfoulger 2013-05-30T10:41:08Z chromosomal compaction nucleoid compaction prokaryotic DNA condensation biological_process GO:0036386 bacterial nucleoid DNA packaging Compaction of DNA in a bacterial nucleoid into a compact structure. Often achieved by DNA supercoiling. GOC:bf GOC:bhm PMID:17097674 PMID:17360520 chromosomal compaction PMID:17097674 nucleoid compaction PMID:17097674 prokaryotic DNA condensation Wikipedia:DNA_condensation Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. rfoulger 2011-08-01T02:45:27Z GO:0004872 GO:0019041 receptor activity receptor activity involved in signal transduction molecular_function GO:0038023 signaling receptor activity Receiving a signal and transmitting it in the cell to initiate a change in cell activity. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. GOC:bf GOC:signaling receptor activity involved in signal transduction GOC:bf The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. GO:0048590 biological_process growth pattern non-developmental growth GO:0040007 See also the biological process term 'cell growth ; GO:0016049'. growth The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. GOC:bf GOC:ma non-developmental growth GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. biological_process GO:0040008 regulation of growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. GOC:ems GOC:mah Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. biological_process GO:0040011 locomotion Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. GOC:dgh Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. biological_process GO:0040012 regulation of locomotion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. GOC:ems Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. down regulation of locomotion down-regulation of locomotion downregulation of locomotion inhibition of locomotion biological_process GO:0040013 negative regulation of locomotion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size. regulation of body growth regulation of body size biological_process GO:0040014 regulation of multicellular organism growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:tb regulation of body growth GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of body size GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. negative regulation of body growth negative regulation of body size biological_process GO:0040015 negative regulation of multicellular organism growth Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:tb negative regulation of body growth GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of body size GOC:dph GOC:tb The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. biological_process GO:0040016 embryonic cleavage The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. GOC:clt ISBN:0070524300 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. up regulation of locomotion up-regulation of locomotion upregulation of locomotion activation of locomotion stimulation of locomotion biological_process GO:0040017 positive regulation of locomotion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. positive regulation of body growth positive regulation of body size biological_process GO:0040018 positive regulation of multicellular organism growth Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb positive regulation of body growth GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of body size GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. up regulation of embryonic development up-regulation of embryonic development upregulation of embryonic development activation of embryonic development stimulation of embryonic development biological_process GO:0040019 positive regulation of embryonic development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. regulation of meiosis biological_process GO:0040020 regulation of meiotic nuclear division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. GOC:ems GOC:ma regulation of meiosis GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence. biological_process GO:0040029 regulation of gene expression, epigenetic Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence. PMID:10521337 PMID:11498582 A membrane-bounded organelle as it is found in the host cell in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GO:0033649 cellular_component GO:0042025 host cell nucleus A membrane-bounded organelle as it is found in the host cell in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators The behavior of an organism in response to an odor. behavioral response to scent behavioral response to smell behavioural response to odour behavioural response to scent behavioural response to smell olfactory behaviour biological_process GO:0042048 olfactory behavior The behavior of an organism in response to an odor. GOC:jid GOC:pr The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. Wikipedia:Wound_healing biological_process GO:0042060 wound healing The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:bf PMID:15269788 The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins. GO:0035734 Wikipedia:Intraflagellar_transport intraflagellar transport intraflagellar transport involved in cilium organization intraflagellar transport involved in microtubule-based flagellum organisation biological_process IFT GO:0042073 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. intraciliary transport The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins. GOC:cilia GOC:kmv PMID:17981739 PMID:18180368 PMID:22869374 Reactome:R-HSA-5620924.2 The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes. GO:0048131 germ-line stem cell renewal biological_process GO:0042078 germ-line stem cell division The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes. GOC:jid PMID:2279698 A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. macrophage polarization biological_process GO:0042116 macrophage activation A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. GOC:mgi_curators ISBN:0781735149 PMID:14506301 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. biological_process regulation of cell proliferation GO:0042127 regulation of cell population proliferation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. GOC:jl Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a plastid and form the plastid envelope. cellular_component GO:0042170 plastid membrane Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a plastid and form the plastid envelope. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups. terpene metabolism biological_process GO:0042214 terpene metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups. GOC:curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. response to chemical stimulus response to chemical substance biological_process GO:0042221 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to chemical Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. GOC:jl response to chemical stimulus GOC:dos The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). purine metabolic process purine metabolism purine nucleoside metabolism biological_process GO:0042278 purine nucleoside metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). GOC:jl ISBN:0140512713 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. regulation of REM sleep biological_process GO:0042320 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. GOC:jl PMID:11506998 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals. down regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep down-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep downregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep negative regulation of sleep inhibition of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep biological_process GO:0042321 negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals. GOC:go_curators GOC:jl ISBN:0192800981 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. down regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep down-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep downregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep negative regulation of REM sleep inhibition of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep biological_process GO:0042322 negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. GOC:go_curators GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. down regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep down-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep downregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep negative regulation of non-REM sleep inhibition of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep biological_process GO:0042323 negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. biological_process GO:0042325 regulation of phosphorylation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. down regulation of phosphorylation down-regulation of phosphorylation downregulation of phosphorylation inhibition of phosphorylation biological_process GO:0042326 negative regulation of phosphorylation Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. up regulation of phosphorylation up-regulation of phosphorylation upregulation of phosphorylation activation of phosphorylation stimulation of phosphorylation biological_process GO:0042327 positive regulation of phosphorylation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. GOC:jl The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. Wikipedia:Taxis directed movement in response to stimulus biological_process GO:0042330 taxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. GOC:jl ISBN:0192801023 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light. GO:0046953 Wikipedia:Phototaxis phototactic behavior phototactic behaviour taxis in response to light biological_process GO:0042331 phototaxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light. GOC:jl ISBN:0192800981 The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant. tocopherol metabolic process tocopherol metabolism vitamin E metabolism alpha-tocopherol metabolic process alpha-tocopherol metabolism biological_process GO:0042360 vitamin E metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). purine nucleoside anabolism purine nucleoside biosynthesis purine nucleoside formation purine nucleoside synthesis biological_process GO:0042451 purine nucleoside biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside). GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. ribonucleoside anabolism ribonucleoside biosynthesis ribonucleoside formation ribonucleoside synthesis biological_process GO:0042455 ribonucleoside biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. GOC:jl The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. GO:0042477 Wikipedia:Odontogenesis odontogeny odontosis tooth morphogenesis odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth biological_process tooth development GO:0042476 odontogenesis The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. GOC:jl GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. GO:0042484 regulation of tooth development regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth biological_process GO:0042481 regulation of odontogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. GO:0042485 positive regulation of tooth development up regulation of odontogenesis up-regulation of odontogenesis upregulation of odontogenesis activation of odontogenesis positive regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth stimulation of odontogenesis biological_process GO:0042482 positive regulation of odontogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. GO:0042486 down regulation of odontogenesis down-regulation of odontogenesis downregulation of odontogenesis negative regulation of tooth development inhibition of odontogenesis negative regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth biological_process GO:0042483 negative regulation of odontogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. GO:0017035 biological_process drug resistance drug susceptibility/resistance GO:0042493 response to drug Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. response to hyperosmotic salt stress biological_process salt tolerance GO:0042538 hyperosmotic salinity response Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. GOC:jl A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. biological_process GO:0042551 neuron maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. GOC:dph GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid. GO:0019721 pteridine and derivative metabolic process pteridine and derivative metabolism pteridine-containing compound metabolism pterin metabolic process pterin metabolism biological_process GO:0042558 pteridine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. GO:0032844 GO:0032845 GO:0032846 homeostasis activation of homeostatic process inhibition of homeostatic process biological_process negative regulation of homeostatic process positive regulation of homeostatic process regulation of homeostatic process GO:0042592 homeostatic process Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0042593 glucose homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment. biological_process GO:0042594 response to starvation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water. behavioral response to drought behavioral response to thirst behavioural response to water deprivation biological_process GO:0042630 behavioral response to water deprivation Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water. GOC:jl The region of a chloroplast to which the DNA is confined. cellular_component GO:0042644 chloroplast nucleoid The region of a chloroplast to which the DNA is confined. GOC:jl The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined. cellular_component GO:0042645 mitochondrial nucleoid The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined. GOC:jl The region of a plastid to which the DNA is confined. cellular_component GO:0042646 plastid nucleoid The region of a plastid to which the DNA is confined. GOC:jl The region of a proplastid to which the DNA is confined. cellular_component GO:0042647 proplastid nucleoid The region of a proplastid to which the DNA is confined. GOC:jl A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/17727 biological_process GO:0042710 biofilm formation A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription. GOC:di PMID:11932229 The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it. thiamin and derivative metabolic process thiamin and derivative metabolism thiamin-containing compound metabolic process thiamine and derivative metabolic process thiamine and derivative metabolism thiamine-containing compound metabolism vitamin B1 and derivative metabolic process vitamin B1 and derivative metabolism biological_process GO:0042723 thiamine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamine (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it. GOC:jl The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. biological_process GO:0042745 circadian sleep/wake cycle The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. GOC:jl http://www.sleepquest.com A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity. biological_process GO:0042747 circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity. GOC:jl ISBN:0395825172 All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions. biological_process GO:0042748 circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions. GOC:jl http://www.sleepquest.com Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. biological_process GO:0042749 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. biological_process GO:0042752 regulation of circadian rhythm Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior. up regulation of circadian rhythm up-regulation of circadian rhythm upregulation of circadian rhythm activation of circadian rhythm stimulation of circadian rhythm biological_process GO:0042753 positive regulation of circadian rhythm Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior. down regulation of circadian rhythm down-regulation of circadian rhythm downregulation of circadian rhythm inhibition of circadian rhythm biological_process GO:0042754 negative regulation of circadian rhythm Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior. GOC:go_curators The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. eating behaviour biological_process GO:0042755 eating behavior The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. GOC:jl GOC:pr PMID:19361967 The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water. drinking behaviour biological_process GO:0042756 drinking behavior The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water. GOC:curators GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur. regulation of sulfur metabolism regulation of sulphur metabolic process regulation of sulphur metabolism biological_process GO:0042762 regulation of sulfur metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur. GOC:go_curators The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0042886 amide transport The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 Enables the transfer of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of a membrane to the other. amine/amide/polyamine channel activity molecular_function GO:0042887 amide transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0042908 xenobiotic transport The directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:go_curators Enables the directed movement of a xenobiotic from one side of a membrane to the other. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. GO:0015238 GO:0015239 GO:0015559 GO:0015564 GO:0090484 molecular_function drug transmembrane transporter activity drug transporter activity multidrug efflux pump activity multidrug transporter activity multidrug, alkane resistant pump activity xenobiotic transporter activity GO:0042910 xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity Enables the directed movement of a xenobiotic from one side of a membrane to the other. A xenobiotic is a compound foreign the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. regulation of apoptosis biological_process apoptosis regulator activity GO:0042981 This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. regulation of apoptotic process Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_apoptosis A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. cell process cellular process cellular projection cellular_component GO:0042995 cell projection cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GOC:jl http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. NIF_Subcellular:sao867568886 neuron process neuron protrusion neuronal cell projection neurite cellular_component nerve fiber GO:0043005 neuron projection neuron projection A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. GOC:jl http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ neuron protrusion NIF_Subcellular:sao250931889 nerve fiber GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation. regulation of macrophage polarization biological_process GO:0043030 regulation of macrophage activation Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation. down regulation of macrophage activation down-regulation of macrophage activation downregulation of macrophage activation negative regulation of macrophage polarization inhibition of macrophage activation biological_process GO:0043031 negative regulation of macrophage activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation. GOC:jl Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation. positive regulation of macrophage polarization up regulation of macrophage activation up-regulation of macrophage activation upregulation of macrophage activation activation of macrophage activation stimulation of macrophage activation biological_process GO:0043032 positive regulation of macrophage activation Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation. GOC:jl The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression. biological_process de novo DNA methylation GO:0043045 DNA methylation involved in embryo development The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression. GOC:go_curators PMID:12138111 The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete. biological_process de novo DNA methylation GO:0043046 DNA methylation involved in gamete generation The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine that contributes to the establishment of DNA methylation patterns in the gamete. GOC:go_curators PMID:12138111 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. extracellular structure organisation extracellular structure organization and biogenesis biological_process GO:0043062 extracellular structure organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah extracellular structure organization and biogenesis GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. up regulation of apoptosis up-regulation of apoptosis upregulation of apoptosis activation of apoptosis positive regulation of apoptosis stimulation of apoptosis biological_process pro-apoptosis GO:0043065 This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is positively regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. positive regulation of apoptotic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. GO:0006916 anti-apoptosis down regulation of apoptosis down-regulation of apoptosis downregulation of apoptosis inhibition of apoptosis negative regulation of apoptosis biological_process apoptosis inhibitor activity pro-survival GO:0043066 This term should only be used when it is not possible to determine which phase or subtype of the apoptotic process is negatively regulated by a gene product. Whenever detailed information is available, the more granular children terms should be used. negative regulation of apoptotic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GO:0043070 regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death biological_process GO:0043067 regulation of programmed cell death Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GO:0043071 up regulation of programmed cell death up-regulation of programmed cell death upregulation of programmed cell death activation of programmed cell death positive regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death stimulation of programmed cell death biological_process GO:0043068 positive regulation of programmed cell death Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GO:0043072 down regulation of programmed cell death down-regulation of programmed cell death downregulation of programmed cell death inhibition of programmed cell death negative regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death biological_process GO:0043069 negative regulation of programmed cell death Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. GO:0048554 MIPS_funcat:18.02.01.01 positive regulation of enzyme activity up regulation of enzyme activity up-regulation of enzyme activity upregulation of enzyme activity activation of enzyme activity activation of metalloenzyme activity positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity stimulation of enzyme activity stimulation of metalloenzyme activity up regulation of metalloenzyme activity up-regulation of metalloenzyme activity upregulation of metalloenzyme activity biological_process GO:0043085 positive regulation of catalytic activity Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ebc GOC:jl GOC:tb GOC:vw positive regulation of enzyme activity GOC:tb Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. GO:0048553 down regulation of enzyme activity down-regulation of enzyme activity down-regulation of metalloenzyme activity downregulation of enzyme activity negative regulation of enzyme activity down regulation of metalloenzyme activity downregulation of metalloenzyme activity inhibition of enzyme activity inhibition of metalloenzyme activity negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity biological_process GO:0043086 negative regulation of catalytic activity Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ebc GOC:jl GOC:tb GOC:vw negative regulation of enzyme activity GOC:tb The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GO:0043283 GO:0044259 biopolymer metabolic process macromolecule metabolism organismal macromolecule metabolism multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process biological_process GO:0043170 macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer metabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. biological_process GO:0043207 response to external biotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things. GOC:go_curators An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system. FMA:62983 NIF_Subcellular:sao593830697 Wikipedia:Myelin Schwann cell myelin sheath astrocyte sheath oligodendrocyte myelin sheath cellular_component GO:0043209 myelin sheath An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system. GOC:cjm GOC:jl NIF_Subcellular:sao593830697 Wikipedia:Myelin astrocyte sheath NIF_Subcellular:nlx_subcell_20090204 oligodendrocyte myelin sheath NIF_Subcellular:sao1279474730 Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao1539965131 Wikipedia:Organelle cellular_component GO:0043226 organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao414196390 membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0043227 membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. NIF_Subcellular:sao1456184038 non-membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0043228 non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. cellular_component GO:0043229 intracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. cellular_component GO:0043230 extracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. GOC:jl PMID:9914479 Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0043231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:go_curators Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. intracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0043232 intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. GOC:go_curators The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. cellular_component GO:0043233 organelle lumen The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen. GOC:jl GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. biological_process regulation of protein complex assembly GO:0043254 regulation of protein-containing complex assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0043269 regulation of ion transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of ion transport up-regulation of ion transport upregulation of ion transport activation of ion transport stimulation of ion transport biological_process GO:0043270 positive regulation of ion transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of ion transport down-regulation of ion transport downregulation of ion transport inhibition of ion transport biological_process GO:0043271 negative regulation of ion transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure. biological_process GO:0043278 response to morphine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure. GOC:ef GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active. biological_process GO:0043279 response to alkaloid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active. GOC:jl Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). up regulation of DNA binding up-regulation of DNA binding upregulation of DNA binding activation of DNA binding stimulation of DNA binding biological_process GO:0043388 positive regulation of DNA binding Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). down regulation of DNA binding down-regulation of DNA binding downregulation of DNA binding inhibition of DNA binding biological_process GO:0043392 negative regulation of DNA binding Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. biological_process GO:0043393 regulation of protein binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. GOC:go_curators A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor. steroid hormone mediated signalling biological_process GO:0043401 steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor. PMID:12606724 The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties. biological_process GO:0043412 macromolecule modification The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule, resulting in a change in its properties. GOC:go_curators The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule. biological_process GO:0043413 macromolecule glycosylation The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule. GOC:jl The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule. biological_process GO:0043414 macromolecule methylation The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). keto acid metabolic process keto acid metabolism ketoacid metabolic process ketoacid metabolism oxo acid metabolic process oxo acid metabolism oxoacid metabolism biological_process GO:0043436 oxoacid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). Wikipedia:Oxyacid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. biological_process GO:0043549 regulation of kinase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. GOC:bf The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined. cellular_component GO:0043590 bacterial nucleoid The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. amide metabolism biological_process GO:0043603 cellular amide metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process GO:0043618 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:jl Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). regulation of DNA-dependent transcription in response to stress biological_process GO:0043620 regulation of DNA-templated transcription in response to stress Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from a DNA template as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:jl GOC:txnOH regulation of DNA-dependent transcription in response to stress GOC:txnOH The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). dicarboxylate metabolic process dicarboxylate metabolism dicarboxylic acid metabolism biological_process GO:0043648 dicarboxylic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). ISBN:0198506732 The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream. extracellular space of host host extracellular space cellular_component GO:0043655 host extracellular space The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream. GOC:cc That space within the plasma membrane of a host cell. host intracellular intracellular region of host cellular_component GO:0043656 host intracellular region That space within the plasma membrane of a host cell. GOC:cc A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope. cellular_component GO:0043657 host cell A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. biological_process GO:0043900 regulation of multi-organism process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. biological_process GO:0043901 negative regulation of multi-organism process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. biological_process GO:0043902 positive regulation of multi-organism process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. biological_process GO:0043903 regulation of symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. GOC:jl Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex. midori 2010-09-08T10:01:42Z GO:0034600 GO:0034621 GO:0071822 protein complex subunit organisation protein complex subunit organization biological_process cellular macromolecular complex organization cellular macromolecular complex subunit organisation cellular macromolecular complex subunit organization macromolecular complex organization macromolecular complex subunit organisation macromolecular complex subunit organization GO:0043933 protein-containing complex subunit organization Any process in which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a protein complex. GOC:mah protein complex subunit organisation GOC:mah Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. activation of enzyme activity in other organism activation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction biological_process positive regulation of catalytic activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction up regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction up-regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction upregulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0043946 positive regulation of catalytic activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 GOC:tb positive regulation of catalytic activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. positive regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity positive regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity up regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity up-regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity upregulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity activation by symbiont of host enzyme activity activation of host enzyme activity biological_process GO:0043948 induction by symbiont of host catalytic activity Any process in which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18719 GO:0044004 GO:0044055 modulation by symbiont of host system process regulation by symbiont of host system process biological_process disruption by symbiont of host cell modification by symbiont of host biological process modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology GO:0044003 modulation by symbiont of host process The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism. GOC:cc true A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18814 GO:0052000 auto-aggregation bfp-dependent aggregation bundle-forming fimbriae-dependent aggregation bundle-forming pili-dependent aggregation tfp-dependent aggregation type IV pili-dependent aggregation biological_process GO:0044010 single-species biofilm formation A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species grow at a liquid-air interface or on a solid substrate under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription. GOC:cc GOC:di GOC:tb A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription. biological_process GO:0044011 single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate A process in which microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription. GOC:cc Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine. biological_process GO:0044030 regulation of DNA methylation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance that is released by the other organism. This includes substances that are released via pathogen cell lysis. interaction with host via substance released outside of symbiont cells biological_process GO:0044046 This term was obsoleted because it conflates a process and the mechanism of secretion of the gene product mediating the process. obsolete interaction with host via substance released outside of symbiont true OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance that is released by the other organism. This includes substances that are released via pathogen cell lysis. MITRE:tk Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. biological_process GO:0044057 regulation of system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. biological_process GO:0044062 regulation of excretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. GOC:jl The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a host neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. modulation by symbiont of host neurological system process regulation by symbiont of host neurological system process biological_process GO:0044063 modulation by symbiont of host nervous system process The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a host neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. MITRE:tk Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism. modulation of host cellular process by symbiont regulation by symbiont of host cellular process regulation of host cellular process by symbiont biological_process GO:0044068 modulation by symbiont of host cellular process Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism. MITRE:tk The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism. modification of host anion transport by symbiont biological_process GO:0044069 modulation by symbiont of host anion transport The process in which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, of its host organism. MITRE:tk Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0044070 regulation of anion transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:jl The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery. modification by symbiont of host cell cycle modulation of host cell cycle by symbiont regulation by symbiont of host cell cycle biological_process GO:0044071 modulation by symbiont of host cell cycle The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery. MITRE:tk The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of its host's progression through its cell cycle via direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery. biological_process GO:0044072 negative regulation by symbiont of host cell cycle The process in which a symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of its host's progression through its cell cycle via direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery. MITRE:tk A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. GO:0071843 cellular component biogenesis at cellular level biological_process GO:0044085 cellular component biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. GOC:jl GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. biological_process GO:0044087 regulation of cellular component biogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. GOC:jl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. regulation of vacuole organisation biological_process regulation of vacuole biogenesis GO:0044088 regulation of vacuole organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. GOC:jl GOC:mah regulation of vacuole organisation GOC:mah regulation of vacuole biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. biological_process GO:0044089 positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, a process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. GOC:jl Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. positive regulation of vacuole organisation biological_process positive regulation of vacuole biogenesis GO:0044090 positive regulation of vacuole organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole. GOC:jl GOC:mah positive regulation of vacuole organisation GOC:mah positive regulation of vacuole biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. jane 2009-04-21T04:07:27Z biological_process GO:0044092 negative regulation of molecular function Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GO:jl Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. jane 2009-04-21T04:11:06Z biological_process GO:0044093 positive regulation of molecular function Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GO:jl The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction. jane 2009-07-30T02:22:33Z GO:0044153 biological_process growth during symbiotic interaction growth on or near surface of other organism during symbiotic interaction growth on or near surface of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction GO:0044110 This term partially replaces the obsolete term 'growth or development during symbiotic interaction ; GO:0052171'. See also 'development during symbiotic interaction ; GO:0044111'. growth involved in symbiotic interaction The increase in size or mass of an organism occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction. GO:jl GOC:pamgo_curators growth during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph growth on or near surface of other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:tb The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction. jane 2009-07-30T02:26:46Z GO:0044152 development on or near surface of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction biological_process development during symbiotic interaction development on or near surface of other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0044111 This term partially replaces the obsolete term 'growth or development during symbiotic interaction ; GO:0052171'. See also 'growth during symbiotic interaction ; GO:0044110'. development involved in symbiotic interaction The progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction. GO:jl GOC:pamgo_curators development during symbiotic interaction gOC:dph development on or near surface of other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph OBSOLETE. A secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting. jane 2009-11-12T01:04:58Z cellular_component GO:0044215 This term was obsoleted because it represents an organism, which is outside the scope of GO. obsolete other organism true OBSOLETE. A secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting. GOC:jl A cell of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting. jane 2009-11-12T01:17:06Z cellular_component GO:0044216 other organism cell A cell of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting. GOC:jl Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting. jane 2009-11-12T01:18:21Z cellular_component GO:0044217 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. other organism part Any constituent part of a secondary organism with which the first organism is interacting. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. cellular metabolism biological_process intermediary metabolism GO:0044237 cellular metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. GOC:go_curators intermediary metabolism GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. primary metabolism biological_process GO:0044238 primary metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. GOC:go_curators http://www.metacyc.org The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. cellular breakdown cellular catabolism cellular degradation biological_process GO:0044248 cellular catabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. cellular anabolism cellular biosynthesis cellular formation cellular synthesis biological_process GO:0044249 cellular biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells. cellular lipid metabolism biological_process GO:0044255 cellular lipid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. GO:0034960 cellular biopolymer metabolic process cellular macromolecule metabolism biological_process GO:0044260 cellular macromolecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. GOC:mah cellular biopolymer metabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification. cellular protein metabolism biological_process GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. nitrogen compound anabolism nitrogen compound biosynthesis nitrogen compound formation nitrogen compound synthesis biological_process GO:0044271 cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds. GOC:jl ISBN:0198506732 The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. jane 2010-01-26T12:05:20Z small molecule metabolism biological_process GO:0044281 Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. small molecule metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. GOC:curators GOC:pde GOC:vw The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. jane 2010-01-26T12:06:49Z small molecule biosynthesis biological_process GO:0044283 Small molecules in GO include monosaccharides but exclude disaccharides and polysaccharides. small molecule biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. GOC:curators GOC:pde GOC:vw The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism. janelomax 2011-10-27T01:28:16Z biological_process GO:0044359 modulation of molecular function in other organism The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism. GOC:jl Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism. janelomax 2011-10-27T02:12:49Z biological_process GO:0044362 negative regulation of molecular function in other organism Any process in which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the function of proteins in a second organism. GOC:jl A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells. janelomax 2011-10-27T02:27:48Z biological_process GO:0044364 disruption of cells of other organism A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells. GOC:jl true A process carried out by gene products in an organism that enable the organism to engage in a symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14807 GO:0043298 GO:0044404 GO:0072519 GO:0085031 commensalism host-pathogen interaction parasitism biological_process symbiosis symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism symbiotic interaction symbiotic interaction between host and organism symbiotic interaction between organisms symbiotic interaction between species GO:0044403 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism symbiotic process A process carried out by gene products in an organism that enable the organism to engage in a symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts. GOC:cc https://study.com/academy/lesson/symbiont-definition-lesson-quiz.html Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species. interaction with another species interspecies interaction interspecies interaction with other organisms biological_process GO:0044419 interspecies interaction between organisms Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species. GOC:cc OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants). GO:0031012 extracellular matrix part cellular_component GO:0044420 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete extracellular matrix component true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants). GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. GO:0005576 NIF_Subcellular:sao9117790637 cellular_component extracellular structure GO:0044421 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete extracellular region part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. GOC:jl extracellular structure NIF_Subcellular:sao9117790637 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane. GO:0043226 cellular_component GO:0044422 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete organelle part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. GO:0005622 cellular_component GO:0044424 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete intracellular part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GO:0016020 cellular_component GO:0044425 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete membrane part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. GO:0005618 cellular_component GO:0044426 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cell wall part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. GO:0005634 NIF_Subcellular:sao1499850686 nuclear subcomponent nucleus component cellular_component GO:0044428 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete nuclear part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. GOC:jl nuclear subcomponent NIF_Subcellular:sao1499850686 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. GO:0005739 NIF_Subcellular:sao666410040 mitochondrial subcomponent mitochondrion component cellular_component GO:0044429 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete mitochondrial part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. GOC:jl mitochondrial subcomponent NIF_Subcellular:sao666410040 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice. GO:0005856 NIF_Subcellular:sao1635329413 cytoskeletal element cytoskeleton component cellular_component GO:0044430 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cytoskeletal part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice. GOC:jl cytoskeletal element NIF_Subcellular:sao1635329413 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. GO:0005794 NIF_Subcellular:sao624292949 Golgi component Golgi subcomponent cellular_component GO:0044431 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete Golgi apparatus part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. GOC:jl Golgi subcomponent NIF_Subcellular:sao624292949 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. GO:0005783 ER component cellular_component GO:0044432 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete endoplasmic reticulum part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GO:0031410 cellular_component GO:0044433 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cytoplasmic vesicle part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a chloroplast, a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. GO:0009507 cellular_component GO:0044434 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete chloroplast part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a chloroplast, a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a plastid, a member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid. GO:0009536 cellular_component GO:0044435 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete plastid part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a plastid, a member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a thylakoid, a sac-like vesicle that bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic organisms. GO:0009579 cellular_component GO:0044436 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete thylakoid part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a thylakoid, a sac-like vesicle that bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic organisms. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. GO:0005773 vacuole component cellular_component GO:0044437 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete vacuolar part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GO:0005929 GO:0044442 cilial part cilium part microtubule-based flagellum part flagellar part flagellum component flagellum part cellular_component GO:0044441 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. Also note that cilia and eukaryotic flagella are deemed to be equivalent. obsolete ciliary part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GOC:cilia GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. GO:0005737 cytoplasm component cellular_component GO:0044444 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cytoplasmic part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of cytosol, that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. GO:0005829 cytosol component cellular_component GO:0044445 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cytosolic part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of cytosol, that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane. GO:0043229 cellular_component GO:0044446 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete intracellular organelle part true OBSOLETE. A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. GO:0005730 nucleolus component cellular_component GO:0044452 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete nucleolar part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. GO:0045202 NIF_Subcellular:sao1784069613 cellular_component synaptic component GO:0044456 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete synapse part synapse part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. GOC:jl synaptic component NIF_Subcellular:sao1784069613 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. GO:0005886 cellular_component GO:0044459 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete plasma membrane part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an external encapsulating structure, a structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell. This does not include the periplasmic space but does include the outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria). GO:0030312 cellular_component GO:0044462 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete external encapsulating structure part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of an external encapsulating structure, a structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell. This does not include the periplasmic space but does include the outer membrane (of gram negative bacteria) or cell wall (of yeast or Gram positive bacteria). GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GO:0042995 cellular_component GO:0044463 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete cell projection part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. CL:0000000 NIF_Subcellular:sao628508602 cellular subcomponent cellular_component protoplast GO:0044464 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cell part obsolete cell part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. GOC:jl cellular subcomponent NIF_Subcellular:sao628508602 protoplast GOC:mah A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism. janelomax 2012-03-20T04:48:41Z biological_process GO:0044531 modulation of programmed cell death in other organism A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism. GOC:jl A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in a second organism. janelomax 2012-03-21T11:17:18Z regulation of apoptotic process in other organism biological_process GO:0044532 modulation of apoptotic process in other organism A process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in a second organism. GOC:jl The tooth development process in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible. janelomax 2012-08-15T14:58:17Z Wikipedia:Tooth_eruption biological_process GO:0044691 tooth eruption The tooth development process in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible. Wikipedia:Tooth_eruption true true A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. janelomax 2012-09-19T15:56:30Z biological_process GO:0044703 multi-organism reproductive process A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. GOC:jl The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction involving another organism of the same or different species. janelomax 2012-09-19T16:02:12Z biological_process GO:0044705 multi-organism reproductive behavior The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction involving another organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl GOC:pr A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species. janelomax 2012-09-19T16:06:16Z biological_process GO:0044706 multi-multicellular organism process A multicellular organism process which involves another multicellular organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl true true The process of adding or removing a methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule. janelomax 2012-10-24T14:49:41Z biological_process changes in DNA methylation GO:0044728 DNA methylation or demethylation The process of adding or removing a methyl group from one or more nucleotides within an DNA molecule. GOC:jl true Any process that is carried out at the cellular level which involves another organism of the same or different species. janelomax 2012-12-11T17:00:50Z biological_process GO:0044764 multi-organism cellular process Any process that is carried out at the cellular level which involves another organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl true The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, involving more than one organism. janelomax 2012-12-13T16:25:50Z biological_process GO:0044766 multi-organism transport The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, involving more than one organism. GOC:jl true A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. janelomax 2013-03-27T15:09:58Z microtubule-based flagellum organization biological_process GO:0044782 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. cilium organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GOC:cilia GOC:jl A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle. janelomax 2014-07-16T13:12:40Z biological_process GO:0044848 Note that phases are is_a disjoint from other biological processes. happens_during relationships can operate between phases and other biological processes e.g. DNA replication happens_during S phase. biological phase A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle. GOC:jl A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane. janelomax 2014-07-23T15:55:23Z cellular_component GO:0044853 plasma membrane raft A membrane raft that is part of the plasma membrane. GOC:jl Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. Wikipedia:Lipid_raft lipid raft cellular_component GEM domain glycolipid-enriched membrane domain GO:0045121 membrane raft Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. PMID:16645198 PMID:20044567 The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle. biological_process GO:0045132 meiotic chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:mah The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle. meiosis II, chromosome segregation biological_process GO:0045144 meiotic sister chromatid segregation The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai ISBN:0815316194 The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation. biological_process GO:0045161 neuronal ion channel clustering The process in which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation. PMID:11456440 The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. establishment of protein localisation protein positioning protein recruitment biological_process GO:0045184 establishment of protein localization The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. GOC:bf establishment of protein localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals. regulation of sleep biological_process GO:0045187 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals. GOC:jl ISBN:0192800981 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep. regulation of non-REM sleep biological_process GO:0045188 regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep. GOC:go_curators The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. NIF_Subcellular:sao914572699 Wikipedia:Chemical_synapse synaptic junction mixed synapse cellular_component electrotonic synapse GO:0045202 synapse synapse The junction between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron, a muscle fiber or a glial cell. As the axon approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic terminal bouton, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the terminal bouton is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic terminal bouton secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. GOC:aruk ISBN:0198506732 PMID:24619342 PMID:29383328 PMID:31998110 mixed synapse NIF_Subcellular:sao1506103497 electrotonic synapse NIF_Subcellular:sao1311109124 A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. Wikipedia:Immunologic_activation immune cell activation leucocyte activation biological_process GO:0045321 leukocyte activation A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. GOC:add Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus. biological_process GO:0045472 response to ether Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus. GOC:go_curators The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle. circadian locomotor activity rhythm biological_process GO:0045475 locomotor rhythm The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. biological_process GO:0045595 regulation of cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. down regulation of cell differentiation down-regulation of cell differentiation downregulation of cell differentiation inhibition of cell differentiation biological_process GO:0045596 negative regulation of cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. up regulation of cell differentiation up-regulation of cell differentiation upregulation of cell differentiation activation of cell differentiation stimulation of cell differentiation biological_process GO:0045597 positive regulation of cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. biological_process GO:0045637 regulation of myeloid cell differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. down regulation of myeloid cell differentiation down-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation downregulation of myeloid cell differentiation inhibition of myeloid cell differentiation biological_process GO:0045638 negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. up regulation of myeloid cell differentiation up-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation upregulation of myeloid cell differentiation activation of myeloid cell differentiation stimulation of myeloid cell differentiation biological_process GO:0045639 positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. regulation of RBC differentiation regulation of red blood cell differentiation biological_process GO:0045646 regulation of erythrocyte differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators regulation of RBC differentiation CL:0000232 regulation of red blood cell differentiation CL:0000232 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. down regulation of erythrocyte differentiation down-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation downregulation of erythrocyte differentiation negative regulation of RBC differentiation negative regulation of red blood cell differentiation inhibition of erythrocyte differentiation biological_process GO:0045647 negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of RBC differentiation CL:0000232 negative regulation of red blood cell differentiation CL:0000232 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. positive regulation of RBC differentiation positive regulation of red blood cell differentiation up regulation of erythrocyte differentiation up-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation upregulation of erythrocyte differentiation activation of erythrocyte differentiation stimulation of erythrocyte differentiation biological_process GO:0045648 positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of RBC differentiation CL:0000232 positive regulation of red blood cell differentiation CL:0000232 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. biological_process GO:0045664 regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. down regulation of neuron differentiation down-regulation of neuron differentiation downregulation of neuron differentiation inhibition of neuron differentiation biological_process GO:0045665 negative regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. up regulation of neuron differentiation up-regulation of neuron differentiation upregulation of neuron differentiation activation of neuron differentiation stimulation of neuron differentiation biological_process GO:0045666 positive regulation of neuron differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. biological_process GO:0045700 regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. down regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation down-regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation downregulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation inhibition of spermatid nuclear differentiation biological_process GO:0045701 negative regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. up regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation up-regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation upregulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation activation of spermatid nuclear differentiation stimulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation biological_process GO:0045702 positive regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium. positive regulation of flagellum assembly up regulation of cilium assembly up-regulation of cilium assembly upregulation of cilium assembly activation of cilium assembly stimulation of cilium assembly biological_process positive regulation of flagellum biogenesis GO:0045724 positive regulation of cilium assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium. GOC:cilia GOC:go_curators positive regulation of flagellum biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. down regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway down-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway downregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway negative regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway negative regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway negative regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway negative regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway negative regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway inhibition of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway biological_process GO:0045744 negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity. positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway positive regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway positive regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway up regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway up-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway stimulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway biological_process GO:0045745 positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. biological_process GO:0045765 regulation of angiogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. up regulation of angiogenesis up-regulation of angiogenesis upregulation of angiogenesis activation of angiogenesis stimulation of angiogenesis biological_process GO:0045766 positive regulation of angiogenesis Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. down regulation of asymmetric cell division down-regulation of asymmetric cell division downregulation of asymmetric cell division inhibition of asymmetric cell division biological_process GO:0045769 negative regulation of asymmetric cell division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. up regulation of asymmetric cell division up-regulation of asymmetric cell division upregulation of asymmetric cell division activation of asymmetric cell division stimulation of asymmetric cell division biological_process GO:0045770 positive regulation of asymmetric cell division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. up regulation of cell adhesion up-regulation of cell adhesion upregulation of cell adhesion activation of cell adhesion stimulation of cell adhesion biological_process GO:0045785 positive regulation of cell adhesion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. down regulation of progression through cell cycle down-regulation of progression through cell cycle downregulation of progression through cell cycle negative regulation of cell cycle progression negative regulation of progression through cell cycle inhibition of progression through cell cycle biological_process GO:0045786 negative regulation of cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. positive regulation of cell cycle progression positive regulation of progression through cell cycle up regulation of progression through cell cycle up-regulation of progression through cell cycle upregulation of progression through cell cycle activation of progression through cell cycle stimulation of progression through cell cycle biological_process GO:0045787 positive regulation of cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of progression through cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid. down regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process down-regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process downregulation of isoprenoid metabolic process negative regulation of isoprenoid metabolism inhibition of isoprenoid metabolic process biological_process GO:0045827 negative regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid. positive regulation of isoprenoid metabolism up regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process up-regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process upregulation of isoprenoid metabolic process activation of isoprenoid metabolic process stimulation of isoprenoid metabolic process biological_process GO:0045828 positive regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. down regulation of lipid metabolic process down-regulation of lipid metabolic process downregulation of lipid metabolic process negative regulation of lipid metabolism inhibition of lipid metabolic process biological_process GO:0045833 negative regulation of lipid metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. positive regulation of lipid metabolism up regulation of lipid metabolic process up-regulation of lipid metabolic process upregulation of lipid metabolic process activation of lipid metabolic process stimulation of lipid metabolic process biological_process GO:0045834 positive regulation of lipid metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. down regulation of meiosis down-regulation of meiosis downregulation of meiosis negative regulation of meiosis inhibition of meiosis biological_process GO:0045835 negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. positive regulation of meiosis up regulation of meiosis up-regulation of meiosis upregulation of meiosis activation of meiosis stimulation of meiosis biological_process GO:0045836 positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. down regulation of mitosis down-regulation of mitosis downregulation of mitosis negative regulation of mitosis inhibition of mitosis biological_process GO:0045839 negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. positive regulation of mitosis up regulation of mitosis up-regulation of mitosis upregulation of mitosis activation of mitosis mitogenic activity stimulation of mitosis biological_process GO:0045840 positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. down regulation of proteolysis down-regulation of proteolysis downregulation of proteolysis negative regulation of peptidolysis inhibition of proteolysis biological_process GO:0045861 negative regulation of proteolysis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. positive regulation of peptidolysis up regulation of proteolysis up-regulation of proteolysis upregulation of proteolysis activation of proteolysis stimulation of proteolysis biological_process GO:0045862 positive regulation of proteolysis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GO:0016481 GO:0032582 GO:0061021 down regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent down-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent downregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent negative regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inhibition of transcription, DNA-dependent biological_process down regulation of gene-specific transcription down-regulation of gene-specific transcription downregulation of gene-specific transcription inhibition of gene-specific transcription negative regulation of gene-specific transcription transcription repressor activity GO:0045892 negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent GOC:txnOH Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GO:0043193 GO:0045941 GO:0061020 positive regulation of cellular transcription, DNA-dependent positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent up regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent up-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent upregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent activation of transcription, DNA-dependent stimulation of gene-specific transcription stimulation of transcription, DNA-dependent biological_process activation of gene-specific transcription positive regulation of gene-specific transcription transcription activator activity up regulation of gene-specific transcription up-regulation of gene-specific transcription upregulation of gene-specific transcription GO:0045893 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent GOC:txnOH Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. down regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process down-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process downregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolism inhibition of carbohydrate metabolic process biological_process GO:0045912 negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolism up regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process up-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process upregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process activation of carbohydrate metabolic process stimulation of carbohydrate metabolic process biological_process GO:0045913 positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. down regulation of growth down-regulation of growth downregulation of growth inhibition of growth biological_process GO:0045926 negative regulation of growth Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. up regulation of growth up-regulation of growth upregulation of growth activation of growth stimulation of growth biological_process GO:0045927 positive regulation of growth Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. down regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle down-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle downregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle inhibition of progression through mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0045930 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle up regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle up-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle upregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle activation of progression through mitotic cell cycle stimulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0045931 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process biological_process negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0045934 negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:go_curators negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process biological_process positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0045935 positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process Any cellular process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:go_curators positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. down regulation of phosphate metabolic process down-regulation of phosphate metabolic process downregulation of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of phosphate metabolism inhibition of phosphate metabolic process biological_process GO:0045936 negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. positive regulation of phosphate metabolism up regulation of phosphate metabolic process up-regulation of phosphate metabolic process upregulation of phosphate metabolic process activation of phosphate metabolic process stimulation of phosphate metabolic process biological_process GO:0045937 positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals. positive regulation of sleep up regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep up-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep upregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep biological_process GO:0045938 positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. GO:0010552 GO:0045817 activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. GOC:go_curators GOC:txnOH Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides. down regulation of nucleoside metabolic process down-regulation of nucleoside metabolic process downregulation of nucleoside metabolic process negative regulation of nucleoside metabolism inhibition of nucleoside metabolic process biological_process GO:0045978 negative regulation of nucleoside metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides. positive regulation of nucleoside metabolism up regulation of nucleoside metabolic process up-regulation of nucleoside metabolic process upregulation of nucleoside metabolic process activation of nucleoside metabolic process stimulation of nucleoside metabolic process biological_process GO:0045979 positive regulation of nucleoside metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. down regulation of nucleotide metabolic process down-regulation of nucleotide metabolic process downregulation of nucleotide metabolic process negative regulation of nucleotide metabolism inhibition of nucleotide metabolic process biological_process GO:0045980 negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. positive regulation of nucleotide metabolism up regulation of nucleotide metabolic process up-regulation of nucleotide metabolic process upregulation of nucleotide metabolic process activation of nucleotide metabolic process stimulation of nucleotide metabolic process biological_process GO:0045981 positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. down regulation of embryonic development down-regulation of embryonic development downregulation of embryonic development inhibition of embryonic development biological_process GO:0045992 negative regulation of embryonic development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. biological_process GO:0045995 regulation of embryonic development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. positive regulation of REM sleep up regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep up-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep upregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep biological_process GO:0046005 positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. positive regulation of non-REM sleep up regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep up-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep upregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep biological_process GO:0046010 positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. ATP metabolism biological_process GO:0046034 ATP metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. GOC:go_curators The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. purine ribonucleoside metabolism biological_process GO:0046128 purine ribonucleoside metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. purine ribonucleoside anabolism purine ribonucleoside biosynthesis purine ribonucleoside formation purine ribonucleoside synthesis biological_process GO:0046129 purine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. positive regulation of vitamin metabolism up regulation of vitamin metabolic process up-regulation of vitamin metabolic process upregulation of vitamin metabolic process activation of vitamin metabolic process stimulation of vitamin metabolic process biological_process GO:0046136 positive regulation of vitamin metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. down regulation of vitamin metabolic process down-regulation of vitamin metabolic process downregulation of vitamin metabolic process negative regulation of vitamin metabolism inhibition of vitamin metabolic process biological_process GO:0046137 negative regulation of vitamin metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. ribose phosphate anabolism ribose phosphate biosynthesis ribose phosphate formation ribose phosphate synthesis biological_process GO:0046390 ribose phosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). heterocycle metabolism biological_process GO:0046483 heterocycle metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings). ISBN:0198506732 A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. biological_process GO:0046649 lymphocyte activation A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. GOC:mgi_curators ISBN:0781735149 The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. folate metabolic process folate metabolism folic acid metabolism vitamin B9 metabolic process vitamin B9 metabolism vitamin M metabolic process vitamin M metabolism biological_process GO:0046655 folic acid metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms. biological_process antibiotic susceptibility/resistance GO:0046677 response to antibiotic Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms. GOC:ai GOC:ef A large enclosure of aggregated pigment, typically bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c), that acts as a light-harvesting antenna structure and is characteristic of green photosynthetic bacteria (e.g. Chlorobiaceae). The BChl aggregates are organized into lamellar elements by pigment-pigment rather than pigment-protein interactions. Chlorosomes also contain BChl a, carotenoids, quinones, lipids, and proteins, and are attached to the cytoplasmic membrane via a BChl a-containing protein baseplate. Wikipedia:Chlorosome cellular_component GO:0046858 chlorosome A large enclosure of aggregated pigment, typically bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c), that acts as a light-harvesting antenna structure and is characteristic of green photosynthetic bacteria (e.g. Chlorobiaceae). The BChl aggregates are organized into lamellar elements by pigment-pigment rather than pigment-protein interactions. Chlorosomes also contain BChl a, carotenoids, quinones, lipids, and proteins, and are attached to the cytoplasmic membrane via a BChl a-containing protein baseplate. ISBN:0198506732 PMID:14729689 PMID:15298919 The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. biological_process GO:0046903 secretion The controlled release of a substance by a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai The directed movement of substances within a cell. jl 2013-12-18T14:04:50Z GO:1902582 biological_process single organism intracellular transport single-organism intracellular transport GO:0046907 intracellular transport The directed movement of substances within a cell. GOC:ai single organism intracellular transport GOC:TermGenie The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). biological_process GO:0046942 carboxylic acid transport The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). GOC:ai Enables the transfer of carboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). Reactome:R-HSA-390347 molecular_function GO:0046943 carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of carboxylic acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). GOC:ai Reactome:R-HSA-390347 Exchange of isocitrate and 2-oxoglutarate across the peroxisomal membrane The directed movement of a cell or organism towards a source of light. GO:0046954 positive phototactic behavior positive phototactic behaviour positive taxis in response to light biological_process GO:0046956 positive phototaxis The directed movement of a cell or organism towards a source of light. GOC:ai The directed movement of a cell or organism away from a source of light. GO:0046955 negative phototactic behavior negative phototactic behaviour negative taxis in response to light biological_process GO:0046957 negative phototaxis The directed movement of a cell or organism away from a source of light. GOC:ai A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment. unconditional response biological_process GO:0046958 nonassociative learning A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment. ISBN:0582227089 A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented. Wikipedia:Habituation biological_process GO:0046959 habituation A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented. ISBN:0582227089 An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched. Wikipedia:Sensitization biological_process GO:0046960 sensitization An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched. ISBN:0582227089 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress. biological_process GO:0047484 regulation of response to osmotic stress Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress. GOC:ai The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands). https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14220 midori 2010-09-13T04:51:59Z GO:0071884 receptor agonist activity signaling molecule signaling receptor ligand activity vitamin D receptor activator activity molecular_function GO:0048018 Definition discussed in https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14220 receptor ligand activity The activity of a gene product that interacts with a receptor to effect a change in the activity of the receptor. Ligands may be produced by the same, or different, cell that expresses the receptor. Ligands may diffuse extracellularly from their point of origin to the receiving cell, or remain attached to an adjacent cell surface (e.g. Notch ligands). GOC:kv GOC:molecular_function_refactoring GOC:pdt receptor agonist activity GOC:molecular_function_refactoring The cell membranes and intracellular regions in a plant are connected through plasmodesmata, and plants may be described as having two major compartments: the living symplast and the non-living apoplast. The apoplast is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, intercellular spaces and the lumen of dead structures such as xylem vessels. Water and solutes pass freely through it. Wikipedia:Apoplast cellular_component GO:0048046 apoplast The cell membranes and intracellular regions in a plant are connected through plasmodesmata, and plants may be described as having two major compartments: the living symplast and the non-living apoplast. The apoplast is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, intercellular spaces and the lumen of dead structures such as xylem vessels. Water and solutes pass freely through it. GOC:jid A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells. autophagic death programmed cell death by autophagy programmed cell death by macroautophagy biological_process autosis type II programmed cell death GO:0048102 The precise nature of autophagic cell death is still being debated, and the link between autophagy and cell death unclear. As autophagy is often induced under conditions of stress that could also lead to cell death, there has been a propagation of the idea that autophagy can act as a cell death mechanism; but others suggest that autophagy may simply be an attempt of dying cells to adapt to lethal stress rather than a mechanism to execute a cell death program. Further studies are required to resolve this controversy (see e.g. PMID:22082964, PMID:22052193, PMID:25236395). In the meantime, curators should carefully examine the experimental evidence presented in papers concerning autophagic cell death, and annotate accordingly. Recently, an instance of autophagic cell death, termed autosis, was discovered that relies on the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase. Autosis was observed in vivo in the brain of rats subjected to an ischemic insult. It's still unclear if all cases of autophagic cell death require the Na+/K+-ATPase or not. autophagic cell death A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells. GOC:autophagy GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:18846107 PMID:23347517 programmed cell death by autophagy GOC:pr programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:cjm autosis PMID:25236395 type II programmed cell death GOC:sl The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. somatic stem cell renewal biological_process GO:0048103 somatic stem cell division The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. GOC:jid ISBN:0582227089 The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population. biological_process GO:0048144 fibroblast proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population. GOC:jid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. biological_process GO:0048145 regulation of fibroblast proliferation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. GOC:jid Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. up regulation of fibroblast proliferation up-regulation of fibroblast proliferation upregulation of fibroblast proliferation activation of fibroblast proliferation stimulation of fibroblast proliferation biological_process GO:0048146 positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. down regulation of fibroblast proliferation down-regulation of fibroblast proliferation downregulation of fibroblast proliferation inhibition of fibroblast proliferation biological_process GO:0048147 negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. GOC:jid The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. biological_process Golgi-derived vesicle transport GO:0048193 Golgi vesicle transport The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles. GOC:jid ISBN:0716731363 PMID:10219233 The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation. Golgi vesicle targeting dictyosome vesicle targeting vesicle targeting, to, from or within dictyosome biological_process GO:0048199 vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi The process in which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation. GOC:jid GOC:mah ISBN:0716731363 PMID:10219233 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus. regulation of Golgi vesicle targeting biological_process GO:0048209 regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus. GOC:jid GOC:mah ISBN:0716731363 PMID:10219233 Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. biological_process GO:0048232 male gamete generation Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction. GOC:dph GOC:jid The volume enclosed by the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. NIF_Subcellular:sao1819509473 RER lumen rough ER lumen cellular_component GO:0048237 rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen The volume enclosed by the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. GOC:jid The volume enclosed by the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. NIF_Subcellular:sao927884761 SER lumen smooth ER lumen cellular_component GO:0048238 smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen The volume enclosed by the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. GOC:jid The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. biological_process GO:0048285 organelle fission The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. GOC:jid The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. biological_process terminal differentiation GO:0048468 cell development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:go_curators terminal differentiation GOC:dph GOC:tb A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. biological_process functional differentiation GO:0048469 cell maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. GOC:go_curators functional differentiation GOC:dph The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. GO:0009993 GO:0048157 Wikipedia:Oogenesis ovum development biological_process GO:0048477 oogenesis The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:kmv GOC:mtg_sensu GOC:pr ovum development Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. biological_process rhythm GO:0048511 rhythmic process Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. GOC:jid The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. circadian rhythm behavior biological_process GO:0048512 circadian behavior The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GOC:bf GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Wikipedia:Organogenesis development of an organ organogenesis biological_process GO:0048513 animal organ development Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GOC:dph GOC:jid The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. biological_process GO:0048514 blood vessel morphogenesis The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. GOC:jid The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. spermatid cell differentiation biological_process GO:0048515 spermatid differentiation The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph GOC:jid Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GO:0043119 positive regulation of physiological process up regulation of biological process up-regulation of biological process upregulation of biological process activation of biological process stimulation of biological process biological_process GO:0048518 positive regulation of biological process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GO:0043118 down regulation of biological process down-regulation of biological process downregulation of biological process negative regulation of physiological process inhibition of biological process biological_process GO:0048519 negative regulation of biological process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:jid Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. up regulation of behavior up-regulation of behavior upregulation of behavior activation of behavior stimulation of behavior biological_process GO:0048520 positive regulation of behavior Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. GOC:jid GOC:pr Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. down regulation of behavior down-regulation of behavior downregulation of behavior inhibition of behavior biological_process GO:0048521 negative regulation of behavior Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. GOC:jid GOC:pr Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GO:0051242 positive regulation of cellular physiological process up regulation of cellular process up-regulation of cellular process upregulation of cellular process activation of cellular process stimulation of cellular process biological_process GO:0048522 positive regulation of cellular process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GO:0051243 down regulation of cellular process down-regulation of cellular process downregulation of cellular process negative regulation of cellular physiological process inhibition of cellular process biological_process GO:0048523 negative regulation of cellular process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:jid The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. haematopoietic or lymphoid organ development haemopoietic or lymphoid organ development hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development biological_process GO:0048534 hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hematopoiesis (also known as hemopoiesis) or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation. GOC:add GOC:rl ISBN:0781735149 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. response to steroid hormone stimulus biological_process GO:0048545 response to steroid hormone Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. GOC:go_curators response to steroid hormone stimulus GOC:dos Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. biological_process GO:0048583 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. up regulation of response to stimulus up-regulation of response to stimulus upregulation of response to stimulus activation of response to stimulus stimulation of response to stimulus biological_process GO:0048584 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. positive regulation of response to stimulus Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. down regulation of response to stimulus down-regulation of response to stimulus downregulation of response to stimulus inhibition of response to stimulus biological_process GO:0048585 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. negative regulation of response to stimulus Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. biological_process GO:0048589 developmental growth The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. GOC:go_curators The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. biological_process GO:0048599 oocyte development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:go_curators The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. organismal reproductive process reproductive process in a multicellular organism biological_process GO:0048609 multicellular organismal reproductive process The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. biological_process GO:0048638 regulation of developmental growth Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. GOC:go_curators Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. up regulation of developmental growth up-regulation of developmental growth upregulation of developmental growth activation of developmental growth stimulation of developmental growth biological_process GO:0048639 positive regulation of developmental growth Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. GOC:go_curators Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. down regulation of developmental growth down-regulation of developmental growth downregulation of developmental growth inhibition of developmental growth biological_process GO:0048640 negative regulation of developmental growth Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. GOC:go_curators The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis biological_process GO:0048646 Note that, for example, the formation of a pseudopod in an amoeba would not be considered formation involved in morphogenesis because it would not be thought of as the formation of an anatomical structure that was part of the shaping of the amoeba during its development. The formation of an axon from a neuron would be considered the formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis because it contributes to the creation of the form of the neuron in a developmental sense. anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis GOC:dph GOC:tb The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. biological_process GO:0048666 neuron development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. neuron generation biological_process GO:0048699 generation of neurons The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. GOC:nln The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. biological_process GO:0048731 system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process. GOC:dph GOC:jid The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. development of an anatomical structure biological_process GO:0048856 anatomical structure development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. GO_REF:0000021 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. biological_process GO:0048869 cellular developmental process A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition. GOC:isa_complete Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. cell locomotion movement of a cell biological_process cell movement GO:0048870 cell motility Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mlg Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. cell population homeostasis homeostasis of cell number biological_process GO:0048872 homeostasis of number of cells Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. GOC:isa_complete homeostasis of cell number GOC:dph Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical. biological_process GO:0048878 chemical homeostasis Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical. GOC:isa_complete The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. biological_process GO:0050673 epithelial cell proliferation The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances. ISBN:0721662544 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. biological_process GO:0050678 regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. up regulation of epithelial cell proliferation up-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation upregulation of epithelial cell proliferation activation of epithelial cell proliferation stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation biological_process GO:0050679 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. down regulation of epithelial cell proliferation down-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation downregulation of epithelial cell proliferation inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation biological_process GO:0050680 negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. biological_process GO:0050708 regulation of protein secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. down regulation of protein secretion down-regulation of protein secretion downregulation of protein secretion inhibition of protein secretion biological_process GO:0050709 negative regulation of protein secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. up regulation of protein secretion up-regulation of protein secretion upregulation of protein secretion activation of protein secretion stimulation of protein secretion biological_process GO:0050714 positive regulation of protein secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. biological_process GO:0050727 regulation of inflammatory response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. GO:0030236 anti-inflammatory response down regulation of inflammatory response down-regulation of inflammatory response downregulation of inflammatory response inhibition of inflammatory response biological_process GO:0050728 negative regulation of inflammatory response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. up regulation of inflammatory response up-regulation of inflammatory response upregulation of inflammatory response activation of inflammatory response stimulation of inflammatory response biological_process GO:0050729 positive regulation of inflammatory response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. biological_process GO:0050767 regulation of neurogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells in the nervous system. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. down regulation of neurogenesis down-regulation of neurogenesis downregulation of neurogenesis inhibition of neurogenesis biological_process GO:0050768 negative regulation of neurogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. up regulation of neurogenesis up-regulation of neurogenesis upregulation of neurogenesis activation of neurogenesis stimulation of neurogenesis biological_process GO:0050769 positive regulation of neurogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the generation of cells within the nervous system. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. biological_process GO:0050776 regulation of immune response Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. down regulation of immune response down-regulation of immune response downregulation of immune response inhibition of immune response biological_process GO:0050777 negative regulation of immune response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. up regulation of immune response up-regulation of immune response upregulation of immune response stimulation of immune response biological_process GO:0050778 positive regulation of immune response Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GO:0050791 regulation of physiological process biological_process GO:0050789 regulation of biological process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:ai GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. GO:0048552 MIPS_funcat:18.02.01 regulation of enzyme activity regulation of metalloenzyme activity biological_process GO:0050790 regulation of catalytic activity Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme. GOC:ai GOC:ebc GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). biological_process GO:0050793 regulation of developmental process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GO:0051244 regulation of cellular physiological process biological_process GO:0050794 regulation of cellular process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. regulation of behaviour biological_process GO:0050795 regulation of behavior Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions within an organism or cell. GO:2000021 biological_process electrolyte homeostasis negative regulation of crystal formation regulation of ion homeostasis GO:0050801 ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ions within an organism or cell. GOC:ai The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep. biological_process GO:0050802 circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep. GOC:ai The process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. clotting biological_process GO:0050817 coagulation The process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. ISBN:0198506732 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. regulation of clotting biological_process GO:0050818 regulation of coagulation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process in which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. down regulation of coagulation down-regulation of coagulation downregulation of coagulation negative regulation of clotting inhibition of coagulation biological_process anticoagulant activity GO:0050819 negative regulation of coagulation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. positive regulation of clotting up regulation of coagulation up-regulation of coagulation upregulation of coagulation activation of coagulation stimulation of coagulation biological_process GO:0050820 positive regulation of coagulation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. biological_process GO:0050865 regulation of cell activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation. down regulation of cell activation down-regulation of cell activation downregulation of cell activation inhibition of cell activation biological_process GO:0050866 negative regulation of cell activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation. up regulation of cell activation up-regulation of cell activation upregulation of cell activation activation of cell activation stimulation of cell activation biological_process GO:0050867 positive regulation of cell activation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation. GOC:ai A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13824 neurological system process neurophysiological process biological_process pan-neural process GO:0050877 nervous system process A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system. GOC:ai GOC:mtg_cardio Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. biological_process GO:0050878 regulation of body fluid levels Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. Wikipedia:Cognition biological_process GO:0050890 cognition The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. ISBN:0721619908 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GO:0051869 MIPS_funcat:34.11 physiological response to stimulus biological_process GO:0050896 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GOC:ai GOC:bf The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Wikipedia:Transduction_(physiology) sensory detection of stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of stimulus sensory perception, stimulus detection sensory transduction biological_process GO:0050906 detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos GOC:dph The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. sensory detection of light during visual perception sensory detection of light stimulus during visual perception sensory transduction of light during visual perception sensory transduction of light stimulus during visual perception visual perception, detection of light stimulus visual perception, sensory transduction during perception of light visual perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus biological_process GO:0050908 detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process. Wikipedia:Taste gustation sense of taste taste taste perception biological_process GO:0050909 sensory perception of taste The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. bitter taste perception biological_process GO:0050913 sensory perception of bitter taste The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. biological_process GO:0050953 sensory perception of light stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. mechanosensory perception perception of mechanical stimulus biological_process chemi-mechanical coupling GO:0050954 sensory perception of mechanical stimulus The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. sensory detection of light stimulus sensory detection of light stimulus during sensory perception sensory perception, sensory detection of light stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus sensory transduction of light stimulus sensory transduction of light stimulus during sensory perception biological_process GO:0050962 detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. GOC:ai GOC:dos Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle. meiotic regulation of transcription regulation of transcription, meiotic biological_process GO:0051037 regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:go_curators regulation of transcription, meiotic GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription involved in the meiotic cell cycle. down regulation of transcription during meiosis down-regulation of transcription during meiosis downregulation of transcription during meiosis meiotic repression of transcription negative regulation of meiotic transcription negative regulation of transcription, meiotic inhibition of transcription during meiosis biological_process GO:0051038 negative regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription involved in the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai down regulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah down-regulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah downregulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah negative regulation of transcription, meiotic GOC:mah inhibition of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle. positive regulation of meiotic transcription positive regulation of transcription, meiotic up regulation of transcription during meiosis up-regulation of transcription during meiosis upregulation of transcription during meiosis activation of transcription during meiosis stimulation of transcription during meiosis biological_process GO:0051039 positive regulation of transcription involved in meiotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as part of a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai positive regulation of transcription, meiotic GOC:mah up regulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah up-regulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah upregulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah activation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah stimulation of transcription during meiosis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. biological_process GO:0051046 regulation of secretion Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. up regulation of secretion up-regulation of secretion upregulation of secretion activation of secretion stimulation of secretion biological_process GO:0051047 positive regulation of secretion Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. down regulation of secretion down-regulation of secretion downregulation of secretion inhibition of secretion biological_process GO:0051048 negative regulation of secretion Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0051049 regulation of transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of transport up-regulation of transport upregulation of transport activation of transport stimulation of transport biological_process GO:0051050 positive regulation of transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of transport down-regulation of transport downregulation of transport inhibition of transport biological_process GO:0051051 negative regulation of transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. regulation of DNA metabolism biological_process GO:0051052 regulation of DNA metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. down regulation of DNA metabolic process down-regulation of DNA metabolic process downregulation of DNA metabolic process negative regulation of DNA metabolism inhibition of DNA metabolic process biological_process GO:0051053 negative regulation of DNA metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. positive regulation of DNA metabolism up regulation of DNA metabolic process up-regulation of DNA metabolic process upregulation of DNA metabolic process activation of DNA metabolic process stimulation of DNA metabolic process biological_process GO:0051054 positive regulation of DNA metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). down regulation of developmental process down-regulation of developmental process downregulation of developmental process inhibition of developmental process biological_process GO:0051093 negative regulation of developmental process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). up regulation of developmental process up-regulation of developmental process upregulation of developmental process activation of developmental process stimulation of developmental process biological_process GO:0051094 positive regulation of developmental process Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. biological_process GO:0051098 regulation of binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. up regulation of binding up-regulation of binding upregulation of binding activation of binding stimulation of binding biological_process GO:0051099 positive regulation of binding Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ai Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. down regulation of binding down-regulation of binding downregulation of binding inhibition of binding biological_process GO:0051100 negative regulation of binding Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). biological_process GO:0051101 regulation of DNA binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. regulation of cellular component organisation biological_process regulation of cell organisation regulation of cell organization regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GO:0051128 regulation of cellular component organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:ai regulation of cell organisation GOC:mah regulation of cell organization GOC:mah regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. down regulation of cell organization down-regulation of cell organization downregulation of cell organization inhibition of cell organization biological_process negative regulation of cell organisation negative regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GO:0051129 negative regulation of cellular component organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:ai negative regulation of cell organisation GOC:mah negative regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. positive regulation of cell organisation up regulation of cell organization up-regulation of cell organization upregulation of cell organization activation of cell organization stimulation of cell organization biological_process positive regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GO:0051130 positive regulation of cellular component organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:ai positive regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. regulation of nitrogen metabolic process regulation of nitrogen metabolism biological_process GO:0051171 regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. GOC:ai GOC:tb regulation of nitrogen metabolic process GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. down regulation of nitrogen metabolic process down-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process downregulation of nitrogen metabolic process negative regulation of nitrogen metabolic process negative regulation of nitrogen metabolism inhibition of nitrogen metabolic process biological_process GO:0051172 negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. GOC:ai GOC:tb negative regulation of nitrogen metabolic process GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. positive regulation of nitrogen metabolic process positive regulation of nitrogen metabolism up regulation of nitrogen metabolic process up-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process upregulation of nitrogen metabolic process activation of nitrogen metabolic process stimulation of nitrogen metabolic process biological_process GO:0051173 positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds. GOC:ai GOC:tb positive regulation of nitrogen metabolic process GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. regulation of phosphorus metabolism biological_process GO:0051174 regulation of phosphorus metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. down regulation of sulfur metabolic process down-regulation of sulfur metabolic process downregulation of sulfur metabolic process negative regulation of sulfur metabolism negative regulation of sulphur metabolic process negative regulation of sulphur metabolism inhibition of sulfur metabolic process biological_process GO:0051175 negative regulation of sulfur metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. positive regulation of sulfur metabolism positive regulation of sulphur metabolic process positive regulation of sulphur metabolism up regulation of sulfur metabolic process up-regulation of sulfur metabolic process upregulation of sulfur metabolic process activation of sulfur metabolic process stimulation of sulfur metabolic process biological_process GO:0051176 positive regulation of sulfur metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur. GOC:ai Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. jl 2013-12-18T13:51:04Z GO:1902578 establishment and maintenance of localization establishment and maintenance of position localisation establishment and maintenance of cellular component location establishment and maintenance of substance location establishment and maintenance of substrate location biological_process single organism localization single-organism localization GO:0051179 localization Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos localisation GOC:mah single organism localization GOC:TermGenie The directed movement of vitamins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. vitamin or cofactor transport biological_process GO:0051180 vitamin transport The directed movement of vitamins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. GOC:ai The directed movement of a cofactor into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A cofactor is a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. vitamin or cofactor transport biological_process GO:0051181 cofactor transport The directed movement of a cofactor into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A cofactor is a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. GOC:ai The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate. cofactor metabolism biological_process GO:0051186 cofactor metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor. regulation of cofactor metabolism biological_process GO:0051193 regulation of cofactor metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor. positive regulation of cofactor metabolism up regulation of cofactor metabolic process up-regulation of cofactor metabolic process upregulation of cofactor metabolic process activation of cofactor metabolic process stimulation of cofactor metabolic process biological_process GO:0051194 positive regulation of cofactor metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor. down regulation of cofactor metabolic process down-regulation of cofactor metabolic process downregulation of cofactor metabolic process negative regulation of cofactor metabolism inhibition of cofactor metabolic process biological_process GO:0051195 negative regulation of cofactor metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme. regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism regulation of coenzyme metabolism biological_process GO:0051196 regulation of coenzyme metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme. positive regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process positive regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism positive regulation of coenzyme metabolism up regulation of coenzyme metabolic process up-regulation of coenzyme metabolic process upregulation of coenzyme metabolic process activation of coenzyme metabolic process stimulation of coenzyme metabolic process biological_process GO:0051197 positive regulation of coenzyme metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme. negative regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process negative regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism down regulation of coenzyme metabolic process down-regulation of coenzyme metabolic process downregulation of coenzyme metabolic process negative regulation of coenzyme metabolism inhibition of coenzyme metabolic process biological_process GO:0051198 negative regulation of coenzyme metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. up regulation of protein transport up-regulation of protein transport upregulation of protein transport activation of protein transport stimulation of protein transport biological_process GO:0051222 positive regulation of protein transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. biological_process GO:0051223 regulation of protein transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. down regulation of protein transport down-regulation of protein transport downregulation of protein transport inhibition of protein transport biological_process GO:0051224 negative regulation of protein transport Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:ai The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. GO:0051226 GO:0051227 bipolar spindle biosynthesis bipolar spindle formation spindle biosynthesis spindle formation biological_process GO:0051225 spindle assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. GOC:ai GOC:expert_rg GOC:mtg_sensu GOC:tb The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. biological_process GO:0051231 spindle elongation The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle. GOC:ai The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. spindle elongation during meiosis biological_process GO:0051232 meiotic spindle elongation The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. establishment of localisation biological_process GO:0051234 establishment of localization Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos establishment of localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. biological_process GO:0051239 regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. up regulation of multicellular organismal process up-regulation of multicellular organismal process upregulation of multicellular organismal process activation of multicellular organismal process stimulation of multicellular organismal process biological_process GO:0051240 positive regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. down regulation of multicellular organismal process down-regulation of multicellular organismal process downregulation of multicellular organismal process inhibition of multicellular organismal process biological_process GO:0051241 negative regulation of multicellular organismal process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the cellular defense response. down regulation of cellular defense response down-regulation of cellular defense response downregulation of cellular defense response negative regulation of cellular defence response inhibition of cellular defense response biological_process GO:0051245 negative regulation of cellular defense response Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the cellular defense response. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. regulation of protein metabolism biological_process GO:0051246 regulation of protein metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. positive regulation of protein metabolism up regulation of protein metabolic process up-regulation of protein metabolic process upregulation of protein metabolic process activation of protein metabolic process stimulation of protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0051247 positive regulation of protein metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. down regulation of protein metabolic process down-regulation of protein metabolic process downregulation of protein metabolic process negative regulation of protein metabolism inhibition of protein metabolic process biological_process GO:0051248 negative regulation of protein metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. biological_process GO:0051249 regulation of lymphocyte activation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. down regulation of lymphocyte activation down-regulation of lymphocyte activation downregulation of lymphocyte activation inhibition of lymphocyte activation biological_process GO:0051250 negative regulation of lymphocyte activation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. up regulation of lymphocyte activation up-regulation of lymphocyte activation upregulation of lymphocyte activation activation of lymphocyte activation stimulation of lymphocyte activation biological_process GO:0051251 positive regulation of lymphocyte activation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. regulation of RNA metabolism biological_process GO:0051252 regulation of RNA metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. down regulation of RNA metabolic process down-regulation of RNA metabolic process downregulation of RNA metabolic process negative regulation of RNA metabolism inhibition of RNA metabolic process biological_process GO:0051253 negative regulation of RNA metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. positive regulation of RNA metabolism up regulation of RNA metabolic process up-regulation of RNA metabolic process upregulation of RNA metabolic process activation of RNA metabolic process stimulation of RNA metabolic process biological_process GO:0051254 positive regulation of RNA metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. regulation of cellular component motion biological_process regulation of cell movement GO:0051270 regulation of cellular component movement Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl regulation of cellular component motion GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. negative regulation of cellular component motion biological_process GO:0051271 negative regulation of cellular component movement Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl negative regulation of cellular component motion GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. positive regulation of cellular component motion biological_process GO:0051272 positive regulation of cellular component movement Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl positive regulation of cellular component motion GOC:mah A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. GO:0007001 GO:0051277 chromosome organisation biological_process chromosome organization and biogenesis maintenance of genome integrity nuclear genome maintenance GO:0051276 chromosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. Wikipedia:Cell_division biological_process GO:0051301 Note that this term differs from 'cytokinesis ; GO:0000910' in that cytokinesis does not include nuclear division. cell division The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. GOC:di GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. biological_process GO:0051302 regulation of cell division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. GOC:go_curators The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis. Wikipedia:G1_phase biological_process GO:0051318 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). G1 phase The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis). Wikipedia:G2_phase biological_process GO:0051319 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). G2 phase The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis). GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place. Wikipedia:S_phase S-phase biological_process GO:0051320 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). S phase The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. GO:0007126 Wikipedia:Meiosis biological_process meiosis GO:0051321 meiotic cell cycle Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. GOC:ai The cell cycle phase, following metaphase, during which the chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. Wikipedia:Anaphase biological_process GO:0051322 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). anaphase The cell cycle phase, following metaphase, during which the chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase, following prophase or prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell. Wikipedia:Metaphase biological_process GO:0051323 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). metaphase The cell cycle phase, following prophase or prometaphase in higher eukaryotes, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of meiosis and mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. Wikipedia:Prophase biological_process GO:0051324 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). prophase The cell cycle phase which is the first stage of M phase of meiosis and mitosis and during which chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs. resting phase Wikipedia:Interphase karyostasis biological_process GO:0051325 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). interphase The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when prophase of meiosis or mitosis begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for meiosis or mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. Wikipedia:Telophase biological_process GO:0051326 note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. if you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic s-phase). to capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). telophase The cell cycle phase which follows anaphase during M phase of mitosis and meiosis and during which the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle. M phase of meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051327 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic M phase A cell cycle phase during which nuclear division occurs, and which is comprises the phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and occurs as part of a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA. interphase of meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051328 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic interphase The cell cycle phase which begins after cytokinesis and ends when meiotic prophase begins. Meiotic cells have an interphase after each meiotic division, but only interphase I involves replication of the cell's DNA. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs. interphase of mitotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051329 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic interphase The cell cycle phase following cytokinesis which begins with G1 phase, proceeds through S phase and G2 phase and ends when mitotic prophase begins. During interphase the cell readies itself for mitosis and the replication of its DNA occurs. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. G1 phase of meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051330 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic G1 phase The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation by meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by meiosis. G2 phase of meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051331 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic G2 phase The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation by meiosis. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle. S phase of meiotic cell cycle S-phase of meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051332 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation is 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (i.e mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic S phase The cell cycle phase, following G1, during which DNA synthesis takes place as part of a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. hydrolase regulator biological_process GO:0051336 regulation of hydrolase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3. EC:3.-.-.- GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. transferase regulator biological_process GO:0051338 This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. regulation of transferase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. EC:2.-.-.- GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. Ligase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 6. ligase regulator biological_process GO:0051340 regulation of ligase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. Ligase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 6. EC:6.-.-.- GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. hydrolase activator up regulation of hydrolase activity up-regulation of hydrolase activity upregulation of hydrolase activity activation of hydrolase activity stimulation of hydrolase activity biological_process GO:0051345 positive regulation of hydrolase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. GOC:ai Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. down regulation of hydrolase activity down-regulation of hydrolase activity downregulation of hydrolase activity hydrolase inhibitor inhibition of hydrolase activity biological_process GO:0051346 negative regulation of hydrolase activity Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. transferase activator up regulation of transferase activity up-regulation of transferase activity upregulation of transferase activity activation of transferase activity stimulation of transferase activity biological_process GO:0051347 This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. positive regulation of transferase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. GOC:ai Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. down regulation of transferase activity down-regulation of transferase activity downregulation of transferase activity transferase inhibitor inhibition of transferase activity biological_process GO:0051348 This term is useful for grouping, but is too general for manual annotation. Please use a child term instead. negative regulation of transferase activity Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. ligase activator up regulation of ligase activity up-regulation of ligase activity upregulation of ligase activity activation of ligase activity stimulation of ligase activity biological_process GO:0051351 positive regulation of ligase activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. GOC:ai Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. down regulation of ligase activity down-regulation of ligase activity downregulation of ligase activity ligase inhibitor inhibition of ligase activity biological_process GO:0051352 negative regulation of ligase activity Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. GOC:ai Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. response to glucocorticoid stimulus biological_process GO:0051384 response to glucocorticoid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. GOC:ai PMID:9884123 response to glucocorticoid stimulus GOC:dos Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for hormones. molecular_function GO:0051427 hormone receptor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for hormones. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. meiotic cell cycle modulation meiotic cell cycle regulation modulation of meiotic cell cycle progression regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle biological_process meiotic cell cycle regulator GO:0051445 regulation of meiotic cell cycle Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle up regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle up-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle upregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle activation of progression through meiotic cell cycle stimulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051446 positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. down regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle down-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle downregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle inhibition of progression through meiotic cell cycle biological_process GO:0051447 negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. regulation of cytoskeleton organisation biological_process regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0051493 regulation of cytoskeleton organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:ai regulation of cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. down regulation of cytoskeleton organization down-regulation of cytoskeleton organization downregulation of cytoskeleton organization negative regulation of cytoskeleton organisation inhibition of cytoskeleton organization biological_process negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0051494 negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:ai negative regulation of cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation up regulation of cytoskeleton organization up-regulation of cytoskeleton organization upregulation of cytoskeleton organization activation of cytoskeleton organization stimulation of cytoskeleton organization biological_process positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GO:0051495 positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. GOC:ai positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings. calcium ion homeostasis in mitochondria calcium ion homeostasis in mitochondrion mitochondrial calcium ion concentration regulation regulation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria regulation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration biological_process GO:0051560 mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings. GOC:ai GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. calcium ion homeostasis in smooth ER calcium ion homeostasis in smooth endoplasmic reticulum regulation of calcium ion concentration in smooth ER regulation of calcium ion concentration in smooth endoplasmic reticulum regulation of smooth ER calcium ion concentration regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration smooth ER calcium ion concentration regulation smooth ER calcium ion homeostasis smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration regulation biological_process GO:0051563 smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. GOC:ai GOC:mah The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. stimulus detection biological_process perception of stimulus stimulus sensing GO:0051606 detection of stimulus The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:add GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:mah Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. establishment and maintenance of organelle localization organelle localisation biological_process GO:0051640 organelle localization Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai organelle localisation GOC:mah A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. jl 2013-12-18T14:04:32Z GO:1902580 cellular localisation establishment and maintenance of cellular localization establishment and maintenance of localization in cell or cell membrane single organism cellular localization intracellular localization localization within cell biological_process single-organism cellular localization GO:0051641 cellular localization A cellular localization process whereby a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a cell including the localization of substances or cellular entities to the cell membrane. GOC:tb GOC:vw cellular localisation GOC:mah single organism cellular localization GOC:TermGenie Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. establishment and maintenance of mitochondria localization establishment and maintenance of mitochondrion localization localization of mitochondria localization of mitochondrion mitochondria localization mitochondrial localization mitochondrion localisation biological_process GO:0051646 mitochondrion localization Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. GOC:ai mitochondrion localisation GOC:mah Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. cytoplasmic vesicle localization establishment and maintenance of vesicle localization vesicle localisation biological_process GO:0051648 vesicle localization Any process in which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai vesicle localisation GOC:mah Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. establishment of localisation in cell establishment of intracellular localization establishment of localization within cell positioning within cell biological_process establishment of cellular localization GO:0051649 establishment of localization in cell Any process, occuring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. GOC:ai GOC:dos GOC:dph GOC:tb establishment of localisation in cell GOC:mah establishment of cellular localization GOC:dph GOC:tb The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. establishment of vesicle localisation biological_process GO:0051650 establishment of vesicle localization The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. GOC:ai establishment of vesicle localisation GOC:mah The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. establishment of organelle localisation biological_process GO:0051656 establishment of organelle localization The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location. GOC:ai establishment of organelle localisation GOC:mah Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane. establishment and maintenance of localization in membrane establishment and maintenance of position in membrane localisation within membrane localization to membrane positioning within membrane biological_process GO:0051668 localization within membrane Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane. GOC:ai localisation within membrane GOC:mah Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. cell localization establishment and maintenance of cell localization establishment and maintenance of localization of cell localisation of cell biological_process GO:0051674 localization of cell Any process in which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. GOC:ai localisation of cell GOC:mah An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism. biological_process GO:0051701 interaction with host An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism. GOC:cc Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species. intraspecies interaction with other organisms biological_process GO:0051703 intraspecies interaction between organisms Any process in which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species. GOC:ai A biological process which involves another organism of the same or different species. GO:0051706 interaction between organisms physiological interaction between organisms physiological interaction with other organism biological_process GO:0051704 multi-organism process A biological process which involves another organism of the same or different species. GOC:jl OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18810 behavioral interaction between organisms behavioral interaction with other organism behavioural interaction between organisms behavioural interaction with other organism behavioral signaling behavioral signalling biological_process GO:0051705 This term was obsoleted because it was an unnecessary grouping term. multi-organism behavior obsolete multi-organism behavior true OBSOLETE. Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species. GOC:ai behavioral signalling GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. GO:0009613 GO:0042828 biological_process GO:0051707 response to other organism Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism. GOC:ai true Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism. regulation of killing of cells of another organism biological_process GO:0051709 regulation of killing of cells of other organism Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism. GOC:ai regulation of killing of cells of another organism GOC:bf Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism. down regulation of killing of cells of another organism down-regulation of killing of cells of another organism downregulation of killing of cells of another organism negative regulation of killing of cells of another organism inhibition of killing of cells of another organism biological_process GO:0051711 negative regulation of killing of cells of other organism Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism. GOC:ai negative regulation of killing of cells of another organism GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism. up regulation of killing of cells of another organism up-regulation of killing of cells of another organism upregulation of killing of cells of another organism activation of killing of cells of another organism stimulation of killing of cells of another organism biological_process GO:0051712 positive regulation of killing of cells of other organism Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism. GOC:ai Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. biological_process GO:0051716 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. GOC:bf GOC:jl Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GO:0000074 cell cycle modulation cell cycle regulation control of cell cycle progression modulation of cell cycle progression regulation of cell cycle progression regulation of progression through cell cycle biological_process cell cycle regulator tumor suppressor GO:0051726 regulation of cell cycle Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. up regulation of cell division up-regulation of cell division upregulation of cell division activation of cell division stimulation of cell division biological_process GO:0051781 positive regulation of cell division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. down regulation of cell division down-regulation of cell division downregulation of cell division inhibition of cell division biological_process GO:0051782 negative regulation of cell division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. biological_process GO:0051783 regulation of nuclear division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. down regulation of nuclear division down-regulation of nuclear division downregulation of nuclear division inhibition of nuclear division biological_process GO:0051784 negative regulation of nuclear division Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. up regulation of nuclear division up-regulation of nuclear division upregulation of nuclear division activation of nuclear division stimulation of nuclear division biological_process GO:0051785 positive regulation of nuclear division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. GOC:ai The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/18605 regulation of morphology of other organism during symbiotic interaction regulation of physiological process in other organism during symbiotic interaction regulation of physiology of other organism during symbiotic interaction biological_process modification of morphology or physiology of other organism during symbiotic interaction modification of morphology or physiology of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction modulation of biological process of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction modulation of morphology or physiology of other organism during symbiotic interaction regulation of morphology or physiology of other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0051817 modulation of process of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction The process in which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:cc modification of morphology or physiology of other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process disruption of cells of other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0051818 disruption of cells of other organism involved in symbiotic interaction A process in which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:cc disruption of cells of other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:tb Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process killing of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0051883 killing of cells in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:add killing of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. biological_process GO:0051930 regulation of sensory perception of pain Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. biological_process GO:0051931 regulation of sensory perception Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. biological_process GO:0051960 regulation of nervous system development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. down regulation of nervous system development down-regulation of nervous system development downregulation of nervous system development inhibition of nervous system development biological_process GO:0051961 negative regulation of nervous system development Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. GOC:ai Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. up regulation of nervous system development up-regulation of nervous system development upregulation of nervous system development activation of nervous system development stimulation of nervous system development biological_process GO:0051962 positive regulation of nervous system development Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. biological_process GO:0051983 regulation of chromosome segregation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. up regulation of chromosome segregation up-regulation of chromosome segregation upregulation of chromosome segregation activation of chromosome segregation stimulation of chromosome segregation biological_process GO:0051984 positive regulation of chromosome segregation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. down regulation of chromosome segregation down-regulation of chromosome segregation downregulation of chromosome segregation inhibition of chromosome segregation biological_process GO:0051985 negative regulation of chromosome segregation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. GOC:ai Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. modulation of host intracellular trafficking biological_process GO:0052038 modulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GO:0052152 modulation of host PCD modulation by symbiont of host non-apoptotic programmed cell death biological_process GO:0052040 modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. down regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death down-regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death downregulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death inhibition of host programmed cell death suppression by symbiont of host PCD suppression by symbiont of host programmed cell death inhibition by symbiont of host programmed cell death biological_process GO:0052041 negative regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GO:0012504 GO:0052044 GO:0052045 GO:0052153 GO:0052397 GO:0052400 activation by organism of host programmed cell death activation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction enhancement of host programmed cell death enhancement of host programmed cell death by organism induction by organism of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction induction by symbiont of host programmed cell death upregulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death activation by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism activation by symbiont of host programmed cell death induction by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction positive regulation by symbiont of host non-apoptotic programmed cell death stimulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death biological_process induction by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction induction of non-apoptotic programmed cell death by other organism GO:0052042 positive regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 induction by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph OBSOLETE. An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process interaction with other organism via secreted substance during symbiotic interaction interaction with other organism via secreted substance involved in symbiotic interaction GO:0052047 This term was obsoleted because it has been misused to annotate host proteins. obsolete symbiotic process mediated by secreted substance true OBSOLETE. An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 interaction with other organism via secreted substance during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process interaction with host via secreted substance during symbiotic interaction interaction with host via secreted substance involved in symbiotic interaction GO:0052048 This term was obsoleted because it conflates a process and the mechanism of secretion of the gene product mediating the process. obsolete interaction with host via secreted substance true OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 interaction with host via secreted substance during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. down regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity down-regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity downregulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity inhibition of host enzyme activity negative regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity inhibition by symbiont of host enzyme activity biological_process GO:0052053 negative regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. down regulation by symbiont of host protease activity down-regulation by symbiont of host protease activity downregulation by symbiont of host protease activity inhibition by symbiont of host protease activity inhibition of host protease activity negative regulation by symbiont of host protease activity biological_process GO:0052054 negative regulation by symbiont of host peptidase activity Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 GOC:tb negative regulation by symbiont of host protease activity GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. modification by symbiont of host molecular function modification by symbiont of host protein function biological_process GO:0052055 modulation by symbiont of host molecular function The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 GOC:tb modification by symbiont of host protein function GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of host proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. down regulation by symbiont of host protein function down-regulation by symbiont of host protein function downregulation by symbiont of host protein function inhibition of host protein function negative regulation by symbiont of host protein function inhibition by symbiont of host protein function biological_process GO:0052056 negative regulation by symbiont of host molecular function Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of host proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 GOC:tb negative regulation by symbiont of host protein function GOC:dph GOC:tb OBSOLETE. The process in which a community of single-celled organisms of different species monitors population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules. biological_process GO:0052097 The reason for obsoletion is that this term was an unnecessary grouping term. obsolete interspecies quorum sensing true OBSOLETE. The process in which a community of single-celled organisms of different species monitors population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 OBSOLETE. The process in which single-celled organisms of the same species monitor population density by detecting the concentration of small, diffusible signal molecules. biological_process GO:0052100 The reason for obsoletion is that this term was an unnecessary grouping term. obsolete intraspecies quorum sensing true OBSOLETE. The process in which single-celled organisms of the same species monitor population density by detecting the concentration of small, diffusible signal molecules. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 OBSOLETE. The process in which a community of single-celled organisms living in intimate contact with a host organism monitors population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process quorum sensing during interaction with host GO:0052106 The reason for obsoletion is that this term was not clearly defined and usage was inconsistent. obsolete quorum sensing involved in interaction with host true OBSOLETE. The process in which a community of single-celled organisms living in intimate contact with a host organism monitors population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 quorum sensing during interaction with host GOC:tb The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. biological_process GO:0052128 positive energy taxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. biological_process GO:0052129 negative energy taxis The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 The process in which an organism effects a change in host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. modulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity modulation of catalytic activity of host by symbiont regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity regulation of catalytic activity of host by symbiont regulation of host catalytic activity by symbiont biological_process GO:0052148 modulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity The process in which an organism effects a change in host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 GOC:tb modulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity GOC:tb The process in which an organism effects a change in host peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. modulation by symbiont of host protease activity biological_process GO:0052149 modulation by symbiont of host peptidase activity The process in which an organism effects a change in host peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 modulation by symbiont of host protease activity GOC:bf Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. modulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death modulation by symbiont of host apoptosis biological_process GO:0052150 Note that term is to be used to annotate gene products in the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term 'regulation of apoptosis ; GO:0042981'. modulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GO:0033669 GO:0052030 activation by organism of host apoptosis activation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death induction by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death induction by symbiont of host apoptosis positive regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death up regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death up regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis up-regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death up-regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis upregulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death upregulation by symbiont of host apoptosis activation by symbiont of host apoptosis positive regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis stimulation by symbiont of host apoptosis biological_process GO:0052151 Note that term is to be used to annotate gene products in the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term 'positive regulation of apoptosis ; GO:0043065'. positive regulation by symbiont of host apoptotic process Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. down regulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction down-regulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction downregulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction negative regulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction inhibition of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction biological_process GO:0052180 negative regulation of peptidase activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 GOC:tb negative regulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which an organism effects a change in peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. modulation of protease activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction biological_process modulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0052198 modulation of peptidase activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction The process in which an organism effects a change in peptidase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 modulation of protease activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction GOC:bf modulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. inhibition of enzyme activity in other organism negative regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction inhibition of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction biological_process down regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction down-regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction downregulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0052199 negative regulation of catalytic activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 GOC:tb negative regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:tb The process in which an organism effects a change in enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. modulation of enzyme activity within other organism during symbiotic interaction biological_process GO:0052203 modulation of catalytic activity in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction The process in which an organism effects a change in enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 GOC:tb modulation of enzyme activity within other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:tb Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of proteins in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. down regulation of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction down-regulation of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction downregulation of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction inhibition of protein function in other organism negative regulation of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction inhibition of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction biological_process GO:0052204 negative regulation of molecular function in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of proteins in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 GOC:tb negative regulation of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph GOC:tb The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. modification of molecular function in other organism during symbiotic interaction modification of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction biological_process modulation of molecular function in other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0052205 modulation of molecular function in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction The process in which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 GOC:tb modification of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph GOC:tb modulation of molecular function in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. modulation of intracellular trafficking in other organism biological_process modulation of intracellular transport in other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0052230 modulation of intracellular transport in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 modulation of intracellular transport in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GO:0052459 modulation by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction biological_process modulation of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0052248 modulation of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 modulation of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GO:0052518 GO:0052529 upregulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction activation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction positive regulation by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction stimulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction biological_process enhancement of other organism programmed cell death by organism positive regulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction upregulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0052330 positive regulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction Any process in which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 positive regulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:tb upregulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:tb Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. modulation by organism of apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction modulation by organism of apoptosis in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction biological_process modulation by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction GO:0052433 modulation by organism of apoptotic process in other organism involved in symbiotic interaction Any process in which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_pamgo_17jul06 modulation by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. biological_process peptidase regulator activity GO:0052547 regulation of peptidase activity Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins. GOC:ai Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0055062 phosphate ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of phosphate ions within an organism or cell. GOC:jid GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of metal ions within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0055065 metal ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of metal ions within an organism or cell. GOC:ai GOC:jid GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of zinc ions within an organism or cell. zinc homeostasis biological_process GO:0055069 zinc ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of zinc ions within an organism or cell. GOC:ai GOC:jid GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell. regulation of calcium ion concentration biological_process GO:0055074 calcium ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within an organism or cell. GOC:ceb GOC:jid GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of transition metal ions within an organism or cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver. biological_process GO:0055076 transition metal ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of transition metal ions within an organism or cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver. GOC:jid GOC:mah ISBN:0198506732 Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0055080 cation homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of cations within an organism or cell. GOC:ceb GOC:jid GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of anions within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0055081 anion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of anions within an organism or cell. GOC:ceb GOC:jid GOC:mah Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical at the level of the cell. biological_process GO:0055082 cellular chemical homeostasis Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of a chemical at the level of the cell. GOC:isa_complete GOC:jid Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0055083 monovalent inorganic anion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of monovalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell. GOC:ai GOC:jid GOC:mah The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. tanyaberardini 2015-10-21T13:22:47Z GO:0090662 membrane transport ATP hydrolysis coupled transmembrane transport biological_process GO:0055085 Transmembrane transport is the transport of a solute across a lipid bilayer. Note that transport through the nuclear pore complex is not transmembrane because the nuclear membrane is a double membrane and is not traversed. For transport through the nuclear pore, consider instead the term 'nucleocytoplasmic transport ; GO:0006913' and its children. Note also that this term is not intended for use in annotating lateral movement within membranes. transmembrane transport The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:dph GOC:jid The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process GO:0055086 nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process The cellular chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase-containing small molecule: a nucleobase, a nucleoside, or a nucleotide. GOC:vw Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec. biological_process GO:0055122 response to very low light intensity stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec. GOC:mtg_far_red Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation biological_process GO:0060049 regulation of protein glycosylation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein glycosylation. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. GOC:dms GOC:dph GOC:pr regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. positive regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation biological_process GO:0060050 positive regulation of protein glycosylation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. GOC:dms GOC:dph GOC:pr positive regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation GOC:bf Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. negative regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation biological_process GO:0060051 negative regulation of protein glycosylation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein glycosylation is the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins. GOC:dms GOC:dph GOC:pr negative regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation GOC:bf Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury. biological_process GO:0060054 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury. GOC:dph Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. biological_process GO:0060055 angiogenesis involved in wound healing Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:dph PMID:15039218 The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body. Wikipedia:Urination urination urine voiding biological_process GO:0060073 micturition The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body. GOC:dph A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. molecular_function GO:0060089 molecular transducer activity A compound molecular function in which an effector function is controlled by one or more regulatory components. GOC:dos GOC:pdt Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. biological_process GO:0060147 regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. GOC:dph Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. biological_process GO:0060148 positive regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. GOC:dph Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. biological_process GO:0060149 negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. regulation of mitotic spindle organisation biological_process regulation of mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis GO:0060236 regulation of mitotic spindle organization Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of mitotic spindle organisation GOC:mah regulation of mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received and converted into a molecular signal. biological_process GO:0060245 detection of cell density The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food. regulation of feeding behaviour biological_process GO:0060259 regulation of feeding behavior Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of feeding behaviour GOC:dph GOC:tb The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GO:0042384 Reactome:R-HSA-5617833.2 ciliogenesis cilium assembly cilium formation microtubule-based flagellum assembly biological_process cilium biogenesis cilium morphogenesis cilium organization GO:0060271 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. cilium assembly The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GOC:BHF GOC:cilia GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:pr GOC:vw ISBN:0198506732 PMID:13978319 PMID:27350441 Reactome:R-HSA-5617833.2 cilium biogenesis GOC:mah cilium organization GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. biological_process GO:0060278 regulation of ovulation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. biological_process GO:0060279 positive regulation of ovulation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. biological_process GO:0060280 negative regulation of ovulation Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. biological_process GO:0060281 regulation of oocyte development Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:2394318 Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. biological_process GO:0060282 positive regulation of oocyte development Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. biological_process GO:0060283 negative regulation of oocyte development Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. biological_process GO:0060284 regulation of cell development Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. GOC:dph GOC:tb Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GO:0071974 cilium cell motility microtubule-based flagellar cell motility biological_process ciliary cell motility GO:0060285 Note that we deem eukaryotic cilia and microtubule-based flagella to be equivalent. cilium-dependent cell motility Cell motility due to the motion of one or more eukaryotic cilia. A eukaryotic cilium is a specialized organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. GOC:cilia GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:krc GOC:mlg GOC:mtg_cambridge_2013 Movement of cilia mediated by motor proteins that contributes to the movement of a cell. biological_process GO:0060294 cilium movement involved in cell motility Movement of cilia mediated by motor proteins that contributes to the movement of a cell. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility. biological_process GO:0060295 regulation of cilium movement involved in cell motility Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. biological_process GO:0060322 head development The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body. GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. regulation of cellular localisation biological_process GO:0060341 regulation of cellular localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of cellular localisation GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. biological_process GO:0060359 response to ammonium ion Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). biological_process GO:0060467 negative regulation of fertilization Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly. biological_process regulation of cell projection formation GO:0060491 regulation of cell projection assembly Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly. GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of cell projection formation GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. dph 2009-04-13T01:56:10Z biological_process GO:0060548 negative regulation of cell death Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. dph 2009-04-28T08:42:53Z differential growth biological_process GO:0060560 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. GOC:dph differential growth GOC:dph Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure. dph 2009-04-28T09:17:27Z apoptosis involved in morphogenesis biological_process apoptosis involved in development morphogenetic apoptosis GO:0060561 apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_apoptosis morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. dph 2009-05-18T02:12:13Z biological_process GO:0060623 regulation of chromosome condensation Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of chromosome condensation, the progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell. dph 2009-05-18T02:29:43Z biological_process GO:0060627 regulation of vesicle-mediated transport Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of vesicle-mediated transport, the directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. dph 2009-05-18T03:07:02Z biological_process GO:0060632 regulation of microtubule-based movement Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. dph 2009-06-22T02:56:12Z biological_process GO:0060759 regulation of response to cytokine stimulus Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. dph 2009-06-22T02:58:04Z biological_process GO:0060760 positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. dph 2009-06-22T02:59:57Z biological_process GO:0060761 negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. dph 2009-10-05T03:17:02Z biological_process GO:0060966 regulation of gene silencing by RNA Any process that regulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. dph 2009-10-05T03:21:05Z biological_process GO:0060967 negative regulation of gene silencing by RNA Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing by RNA. Gene silencing by RNA is the process in which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation. dph 2009-10-05T03:23:56Z biological_process GO:0060968 regulation of gene silencing Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation. dph 2009-10-05T03:26:19Z biological_process GO:0060969 negative regulation of gene silencing Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of gene silencing, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation. GOC:dph GOC:tb A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. janelomax 2010-02-08T02:43:11Z GO:0016044 GO:0044802 cellular membrane organisation cellular membrane organization membrane organisation biological_process membrane organization and biogenesis single-organism membrane organization GO:0061024 membrane organization A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb membrane organisation GOC:mah membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. dph 2010-02-25T10:14:37Z biological_process GO:0061041 regulation of wound healing Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:BHF GOC:dph Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. dph 2010-02-25T10:18:26Z biological_process GO:0061042 vascular wound healing Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. GOC:BHF GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. dph 2010-02-25T10:21:59Z biological_process GO:0061043 regulation of vascular wound healing Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. GOC:dph Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. dph 2010-02-25T10:24:28Z biological_process GO:0061044 negative regulation of vascular wound healing Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. GOC:BHF GOC:dph Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. dph 2010-02-25T10:33:30Z biological_process GO:0061045 negative regulation of wound healing Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:dph Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticoagulant stimulus. dph 2012-11-07T09:07:00Z biological_process GO:0061476 response to anticoagulant Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anticoagulant stimulus. GOC:dph Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aromatase inhibitor stimulus. dph 2012-11-07T09:08:36Z biological_process GO:0061477 response to aromatase inhibitor Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aromatase inhibitor stimulus. GOC:dph Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet aggregation inhibitor stimulus. dph 2012-11-07T09:09:37Z biological_process GO:0061478 response to platelet aggregation inhibitor Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet aggregation inhibitor stimulus. GOC:dph Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor stimulus. dph 2012-11-07T09:10:51Z biological_process GO:0061479 response to reverse transcriptase inhibitor Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor stimulus. GOC:dph A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium. dph 2013-03-22T15:41:44Z biological_process GO:0061512 protein localization to cilium A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cilium. GOC:dph Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors that interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. dph 2014-05-15T09:12:24Z RNA polymerase II sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor binding RNA polymerase II sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding molecular_function GO:0061629 RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any of the factors that interact selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. GOC:dph GOC:vw Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another via the reaction X-SCP + Y -> Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue. dph 2014-11-06T13:15:27Z small conjugating protein conjugating enzyme activity molecular_function E2 GO:0061650 ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme activity Isoenergetic transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) from one protein to another via the reaction X-SCP + Y -> Y-SCP + X, where both the X-SCP and Y-SCP linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of SCP and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue. GOC:dph small conjugating protein conjugating enzyme activity GOC:dph Isoenergetic transfer of Atg12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-Atg12 + Y -> Y-Atg12 + X, where both the X-Atg12 and Y-Atg12 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue. dph 2014-11-06T13:17:36Z molecular_function E2 GO:0061651 Atg12 conjugating enzyme activity Isoenergetic transfer of Atg12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-Atg12 + Y -> Y-Atg12 + X, where both the X-Atg12 and Y-Atg12 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue. GOC:dph E2 GOC:dph Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ULP + S --> X + S-ULP, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ULP linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ULP linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ULP and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate. dph 2014-11-06T13:46:23Z small conjugating protein ligase activity molecular_function E3 GO:0061659 ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity Catalysis of the transfer of a ubiquitin-like protein (ULP) to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ULP + S --> X + S-ULP, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ULP linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ULP linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ULP and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate. GOC:dph small conjugating protein ligase activity GOC:dph E3 GOC:dph Catalysis of the transfer of Atg12 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Atg12 + S --> X + S-Atg12, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Atg12 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Atg12 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate. dph 2014-11-06T13:50:42Z molecular_function E3 GO:0061660 Atg12 ligase activity Catalysis of the transfer of Atg12 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Atg12 + S --> X + S-Atg12, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Atg12 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Atg12 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate. GOC:dph E3 GOC:dph The membrane invagination process by which an autophagosomal membrane surrounds an object that will be degraded by macroautophagy. dph 2015-09-14T14:10:24Z biological_process GO:0061736 engulfment of target by autophagosome The membrane invagination process by which an autophagosomal membrane surrounds an object that will be degraded by macroautophagy. GOC:PARL GOC:autophagy GOC:dph GOC:pad Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience. dph 2015-11-09T12:40:29Z biological_process GO:0061743 motor learning Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience. GOC:PARL GOC:bf Wikipedia:Motor_learning The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic prophase. dph 2016-11-06T23:08:01Z mitotic spindle elongation during mitotic prophase mitotic spindle elongation during prophase mitotic spindle elongation during prophase and prometaphase biological_process GO:0061804 mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one) The cell cycle process in which the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle during mitotic prophase. GOC:dph GOC:vw PMID:21920317 A cellular process involving delivery of a portion of the cytoplasm to lysosomes or to the plant or fungal vacuole that does not involve direct transport through the endocytic or vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathways. This process typically leads to degradation of the cargo; however, it can also be used to deliver resident proteins, such as in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. dph 2017-07-13T19:42:14Z biological_process GO:0061919 process utilizing autophagic mechanism A cellular process involving delivery of a portion of the cytoplasm to lysosomes or to the plant or fungal vacuole that does not involve direct transport through the endocytic or vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) pathways. This process typically leads to degradation of the cargo; however, it can also be used to deliver resident proteins, such as in the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. PMID:21997368 PMID:22966490 PMID:28596378 A process that coontributes to the second meiotic division. The second meiotic division separates chromatids resulting in a haploid number of chromosomes. dph 2018-02-14T22:37:44Z second meiotic division biological_process GO:0061983 meiosis II cell cycle process A process that coontributes to the second meiotic division. The second meiotic division separates chromatids resulting in a haploid number of chromosomes. PMID:29385397 second meiotic division PMID:29385397 Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. dph 2018-03-19T14:11:54Z regulation of small molecule metabolism biological_process GO:0062012 regulation of small molecule metabolic process Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. GOC:vw Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. dph 2018-03-19T14:25:10Z positive regulation of small molecule metabolism biological_process GO:0062013 positive regulation of small molecule metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. GOC:vw Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. dph 2018-03-19T14:27:23Z negative regulation of small molecule metabolism biological_process GO:0062014 negative regulation of small molecule metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a small molecule metabolic process. GOC:vw Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. dph 2018-04-23T14:32:23Z biological_process GO:0062033 positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation Any process that starts or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. PMID:12773390 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). dph 2019-05-30T16:45:04Z biological_process GO:0062125 regulation of mitochondrial gene expression Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). PMID:28285835 The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. dph 2019-09-13T13:48:47Z biological_process GO:0062149 detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. PMID:19837031 The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. GO:0006461 biological_process chaperone activity macromolecular complex assembly macromolecule complex assembly protein complex assembly protein complex formation GO:0065003 protein-containing complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a protein-containing complex. GOC:jl Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. regulation biological_process GO:0065007 biological regulation Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. regulation of biological attribute regulation of biological characteristic biological_process GO:0065008 regulation of biological quality Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. regulation of a molecular function biological_process GO:0065009 regulation of molecular function Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. GOC:isa_complete Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. extracellular membrane-enclosed organelle cellular_component GO:0065010 extracellular membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell. GOC:isa_complete Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds formed between L-amino acids. Reactome:R-HSA-3065958 Reactome:R-HSA-3065959 Reactome:R-HSA-4167501 Reactome:R-HSA-6803060 molecular_function GO:0070011 peptidase activity, acting on L-amino acid peptides Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds formed between L-amino acids. GOC:mah Reactome:R-HSA-3065958 An unknown protease degrades ACACA Reactome:R-HSA-3065959 An unknown protease degrades hCBXs Reactome:R-HSA-4167501 An unknown protease degrades ACACB Reactome:R-HSA-6803060 DCD(63-110) is processed to DCD(63-109) An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. cellular_component GO:0070013 intracellular organelle lumen An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. GOC:mah A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. exosome extracellular vesicular exosome cellular_component GO:0070062 extracellular exosome A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. GOC:BHF GOC:mah GOC:vesicles PMID:15908444 PMID:17641064 PMID:19442504 PMID:19498381 PMID:22418571 PMID:24009894 exosome GOC:pr extracellular vesicular exosome GOC:vesicles The covalent attachment and further modification of carbohydrate residues to a substrate molecule. Wikipedia:Glycosylation biological_process GO:0070085 glycosylation The covalent attachment and further modification of carbohydrate residues to a substrate molecule. GOC:hjd GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm. response to UV-A light stimulus response to UV-A radiation stimulus response to UVA light stimulus response to UVA radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0070141 response to UV-A Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm. GOC:BHF GOC:mah A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. chromosome organisation involved in meiosis meiotic chromosome organization biological_process GO:0070192 chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. GOC:mah chromosome organisation involved in meiosis GOC:mah meiotic chromosome organization GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. regulation of establishment of protein localisation biological_process GO:0070201 regulation of establishment of protein localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. GOC:BHF GOC:mah regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organisation regulation of microtubule dynamics biological_process GO:0070507 regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins. GOC:mah regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organisation GOC:mah regulation of microtubule dynamics GOC:dph GOC:tb The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. blood platelet aggregation biological_process thrombocyte aggregation GO:0070527 platelet aggregation The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. GOC:BHF GOC:vk blood platelet aggregation CL:0000233 thrombocyte aggregation CL:0000233 Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. midori 2009-06-16T04:08:29Z cellular macromolecule localisation biological_process GO:0070727 cellular macromolecule localization Any process in which a macromolecule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:mah cellular macromolecule localisation GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. midori 2009-08-27T04:41:45Z biological_process GO:0070887 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to chemical stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. midori 2009-09-15T03:00:51Z biological_process GO:0070925 organelle assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an organelle. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:mah A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule. midori 2009-11-09T11:36:34Z DNA conformation modification biological_process GO:0071103 DNA conformation change A cellular process that results in a change in the spatial configuration of a DNA molecule. A conformation change can bend DNA, or alter the, twist, writhe, or linking number of a DNA molecule. GOC:mah DNA conformation modification GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. midori 2009-12-03T01:02:11Z cellular response to abiotic stress biological_process GO:0071214 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to abiotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. GOC:mah cellular response to abiotic stress GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. midori 2009-12-10T04:46:04Z biological_process GO:0071310 cellular response to organic substance Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. midori 2009-12-11T03:49:02Z biological_process GO:0071383 cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. midori 2009-12-11T04:37:10Z biological_process GO:0071396 cellular response to lipid Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. midori 2009-12-14T02:55:58Z cellular response to organic cyclic substance biological_process GO:0071407 cellular response to organic cyclic compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. GOC:mah cellular response to organic cyclic substance GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. midori 2009-12-18T11:41:54Z biological_process GO:0071467 cellular response to pH Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. GOC:mah Wikipedia:PH Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. midori 2009-12-18T01:59:37Z cellular response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus cellular response to radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0071478 Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. cellular response to radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. GOC:mah cellular response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to radiation stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. midori 2009-12-18T02:00:31Z cellular response to ionising radiation cellular response to ionizing radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0071479 cellular response to ionizing radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. GOC:mah cellular response to ionising radiation GOC:mah cellular response to ionizing radiation stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. midori 2009-12-18T02:00:50Z biological_process cellular response to gamma ray cellular response to gamma-ray photon GO:0071480 cellular response to gamma radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. GOC:mah cellular response to gamma ray GOC:mah cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). midori 2009-12-18T02:00:59Z cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0071481 cellular response to X-ray Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). GOC:mah cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. midori 2009-12-18T02:03:49Z biological_process GO:0071482 cellular response to light stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. midori 2009-12-18T02:09:48Z cellular response to blue light stimulus biological_process GO:0071483 cellular response to blue light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. GOC:mah cellular response to blue light stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus. midori 2009-12-18T02:11:03Z biological_process GO:0071484 cellular response to light intensity Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli. midori 2009-12-18T02:13:12Z biological_process cellular response to darkness GO:0071485 cellular response to absence of light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus. midori 2009-12-18T02:13:23Z biological_process GO:0071486 cellular response to high light intensity Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. midori 2009-12-18T02:13:29Z biological_process GO:0071487 cellular response to low light intensity stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec. midori 2009-12-18T02:13:40Z biological_process GO:0071488 cellular response to very low light intensity stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. midori 2009-12-18T02:18:25Z biological_process GO:0071489 cellular response to red or far red light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. midori 2009-12-18T02:19:40Z cellular response to far red light stimulus biological_process GO:0071490 cellular response to far red light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. GOC:mah cellular response to far red light stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. midori 2009-12-18T02:19:47Z cellular response to red light stimulus biological_process GO:0071491 cellular response to red light Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs. GOC:mah cellular response to red light stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm. midori 2009-12-18T02:21:51Z cellular response to UV-A light stimulus cellular response to UV-A radiation stimulus cellular response to UVA light stimulus cellular response to UVA radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0071492 cellular response to UV-A Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 315 to 400 nm. GOC:mah cellular response to UV-A light stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to UV-A radiation stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to UVA light stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to UVA radiation stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm. midori 2009-12-18T02:21:56Z cellular response to UV-B light stimulus cellular response to UV-B radiation stimulus cellular response to UVB light stimulus cellular response to UVB radiation stimulus cellular response to medium wave ultraviolet light stimulus cellular response to medium wave ultraviolet radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0071493 cellular response to UV-B Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm. GOC:mah cellular response to UV-B light stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to UV-B radiation stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to UVB light stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to UVB radiation stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to medium wave ultraviolet light stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to medium wave ultraviolet radiation stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm. midori 2009-12-18T02:22:01Z cellular response to UV-C light stimulus cellular response to UV-C radiation stimulus cellular response to UVC light stimulus cellular response to UVC radiation stimulus cellular response to germicidal ultraviolet light stimulus cellular response to germicidal ultraviolet radiation stimulus cellular response to shortwave ultraviolet light stimulus cellular response to shortwave ultraviolet radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0071494 cellular response to UV-C Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 280 nm. GOC:mah cellular response to UV-C light stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to UV-C radiation stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to UVC light stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to UVC radiation stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to germicidal ultraviolet light stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to germicidal ultraviolet radiation stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to shortwave ultraviolet light stimulus GOC:mah cellular response to shortwave ultraviolet radiation stimulus GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism. midori 2009-12-18T02:25:40Z biological_process GO:0071495 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to endogenous stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. midori 2009-12-18T02:36:52Z biological_process GO:0071496 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to external stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. midori 2010-02-25T04:00:13Z protein localisation in extracellular region protein localization in extracellular region biological_process GO:0071692 protein localization to extracellular region Any process in which a protein is transported from one specific location in the extracellular region to another, or maintained in a specific extracellular location. GOC:mah protein localisation in extracellular region GOC:mah A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state. midori 2010-03-02T11:43:38Z biological_process GO:0071695 anatomical structure maturation A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure to attain its fully functional state. GOC:mah The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon. midori 2010-03-08T02:15:14Z biological_process GO:0071702 organic substance transport The directed movement of organic substances into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. An organic substance is a molecular entity that contains carbon. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. midori 2010-03-08T03:32:18Z organic molecular entity metabolic process organic molecular entity metabolism organic substance metabolism biological_process GO:0071704 organic substance metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. GOC:mah The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. midori 2010-03-08T03:56:28Z biological_process GO:0071705 nitrogen compound transport The directed movement of nitrogen-containing compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. midori 2010-09-10T01:39:16Z GO:0071841 cellular component organisation or biogenesis cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level cellular component organization or biogenesis at cellular level biological_process GO:0071840 cellular component organization or biogenesis A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GOC:mah cellular component organisation or biogenesis GOC:mah cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. midori 2010-09-13T02:36:37Z response to monoamine stimulus biological_process GO:0071867 response to monoamine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. GOC:mah response to monoamine stimulus GOC:dos The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. midori 2010-10-04T01:51:47Z cellular_component GO:0071944 cell periphery The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. GOC:mah The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm. midori 2010-10-18T03:44:18Z extracellular vesicular exosome assembly biological_process GO:0071971 extracellular exosome assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an extracellular vesicular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Exosomes are defined by their size, which generally ranges from 30 nm to 100 nm. GOC:mah GOC:tfm PMID:19442504 PMID:27462458 extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:vesicles The directed movement of modified amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. midori 2010-11-04T12:18:23Z amino acid derivative transport biological_process GO:0072337 modified amino acid transport The directed movement of modified amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation. midori 2010-11-10T01:26:18Z response to anaesthetic biological_process GO:0072347 response to anesthetic Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation. GOC:sart response to anaesthetic GOC:mah Enables the transfer of modified amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. midori 2010-11-11T11:50:31Z modified amino acid transporter activity amino acid derivative transmembrane transporter activity molecular_function GO:0072349 modified amino acid transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of modified amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:mah modified amino acid transporter activity GOC:mah The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiovascular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiovascular system is the anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. midori 2010-11-16T11:25:49Z biological_process GO:0072358 cardiovascular system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiovascular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiovascular system is the anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. GOC:mah UBERON:0004535 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. midori 2010-11-16T11:27:39Z biological_process GO:0072359 circulatory system development The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the circulatory system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The circulatory system is the organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. GOC:mah UBERON:0001009 The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster). midori 2010-11-22T11:26:54Z middle-term memory MTM biological_process GO:0072375 medium-term memory The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster). GOC:sart PMID:14659098 PMID:7923375 middle-term memory GOC:sart MTM GOC:sart Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent cations at the level of a cell. midori 2010-12-16T01:25:40Z biological_process GO:0072503 Note that this term was split from 'cellular di-, tri-valent inorganic cation homeostasis ; GO:0030005' (sibling term 'cellular trivalent inorganic cation homeostasis' ; GO:0072504'). cellular divalent inorganic cation homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent cations at the level of a cell. GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell. midori 2010-12-16T01:39:00Z biological_process GO:0072505 Note that this term was split from 'di-, tri-valent inorganic anion homeostasis ; GO:0055061' (sibling term 'trivalent inorganic anion homeostasis' ; GO:0072506'). divalent inorganic anion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell. GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of trivalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell. midori 2010-12-16T01:39:39Z biological_process GO:0072506 Note that this term was split from 'di-, tri-valent inorganic anion homeostasis ; GO:0055061' (sibling term 'divalent inorganic anion homeostasis' ; GO:0072505'). trivalent inorganic anion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of trivalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell. GOC:mah Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent cations within an organism or cell. midori 2010-12-16T03:22:48Z biological_process GO:0072507 Note that this term was split from 'di-, tri-valent inorganic cation homeostasis ; GO:0055066' (sibling term 'trivalent inorganic cation homeostasis' ; GO:0072508'). divalent inorganic cation homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of divalent cations within an organism or cell. GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. midori 2011-01-04T03:03:59Z purine and derivative metabolic process purine-containing compound metabolism biological_process GO:0072521 purine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. GOC:mah purine-containing compound metabolism GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. midori 2011-01-04T03:15:29Z purine and derivative biosynthetic process purine-containing compound anabolism purine-containing compound biosynthesis purine-containing compound formation purine-containing compound synthesis biological_process GO:0072522 purine-containing compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains purine or a formal derivative thereof. GOC:mah purine-containing compound anabolism GOC:mah purine-containing compound biosynthesis GOC:mah purine-containing compound formation GOC:mah purine-containing compound synthesis GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof. midori 2011-01-04T03:27:19Z pyrimidine and derivative metabolic process pyrimidine-containing compound metabolism biological_process GO:0072527 pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyrimidine or a formal derivative thereof. GOC:mah pyrimidine-containing compound metabolism GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus. midori 2012-04-30T11:31:05Z biological_process GO:0072718 response to cisplatin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cisplatin stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus. midori 2012-11-09T11:34:51Z biological_process GO:0072758 response to topoisomerase inhibitor Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a topoisomerase inhibitor stimulus. GOC:mah Any process in which a symbiont organism increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process autophagy of host cells during interaction with symbiont autophagy of host cells involved in interaction with symbiont positive regulation by symbiont of host autophagotic process GO:0075044 positive regulation by symbiont of host autophagy Any process in which a symbiont organism increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators autophagy of host cells during interaction with symbiont GOC:dph Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. biological_process autophagy during symbiotic interaction autophagy involved in symbiotic interaction modulation by symbiont of host autophagic process GO:0075071 modulation by symbiont of host autophagy Any process in which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pamgo_curators autophagy during symbiotic interaction GOC:dph Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. donghui 2009-04-22T04:30:52Z biological_process GO:0080090 regulation of primary metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. PMID:19211694 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). donghui 2009-05-06T04:51:28Z biological_process GO:0080134 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:dhl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). donghui 2009-05-06T05:02:52Z biological_process GO:0080135 regulation of cellular response to stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:dhl Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). donghui 2010-09-01T03:44:27Z biological_process GO:0080154 regulation of fertilization Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). GOC:DHL PMID:20478994 Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. tanyaberardini 2009-09-09T11:39:52Z biological_process GO:0090068 positive regulation of cell cycle process Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. tanyaberardini 2009-10-23T11:21:38Z biological_process GO:0090087 regulation of peptide transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process in which mitochondrial DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. tanyaberardini 2009-12-08T02:12:19Z biological_process GO:0090139 mitochondrial DNA packaging Any process in which mitochondrial DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. tanyaberardini 2009-12-11T10:17:51Z regulation of spindle formation biological_process GO:0090169 regulation of spindle assembly Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of spindle assembly. Spindle assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of spindle formation GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle. tanyaberardini 2010-01-13T11:04:53Z regulation of spindle organisation biological_process GO:0090224 regulation of spindle organization Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of spindle organisation GOC:mah Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. tanyaberardini 2010-01-19T04:03:29Z regulation of phytochrome signaling pathway regulation of red or far-red light signalling pathway biological_process GO:0090227 regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. GOC:tb regulation of phytochrome signaling pathway GOC:tb regulation of red or far-red light signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. tanyaberardini 2010-01-19T04:03:29Z positive regulation of phytochrome signaling pathway positive regulation of red or far-red light signalling pathway biological_process GO:0090228 positive regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. GOC:tb positive regulation of phytochrome signaling pathway GOC:tb positive regulation of red or far-red light signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. tanyaberardini 2010-01-19T04:03:29Z negative regulation of phytochrome signaling pathway negative regulation of red or far-red light signalling pathway biological_process GO:0090229 negative regulation of red or far-red light signaling pathway Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the red or far-red signaling pathway, the series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. GOC:tb negative regulation of phytochrome signaling pathway GOC:tb negative regulation of red or far-red light signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus. tanyaberardini 2010-02-18T02:43:55Z regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation in Golgi biological_process GO:0090283 regulation of protein glycosylation in Golgi Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus. GOC:pr GOC:tb regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation in Golgi GOC:bf Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus. tanyaberardini 2010-02-18T02:43:55Z positive regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation in Golgi biological_process GO:0090284 positive regulation of protein glycosylation in Golgi Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus. GOC:pr GOC:tb positive regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation in Golgi GOC:bf Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus. tanyaberardini 2010-02-18T02:43:55Z negative regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation in Golgi biological_process GO:0090285 negative regulation of protein glycosylation in Golgi Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the addition of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus. GOC:pr GOC:tb negative regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation in Golgi GOC:bf Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. tanyaberardini 2010-03-22T02:12:03Z biological_process GO:0090303 positive regulation of wound healing Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:BHF Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. tanyaberardini 2010-04-07T10:18:47Z biological_process GO:0090304 nucleic acid metabolic process Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. GOC:dph GOC:tb The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of meiosis. tanyaberardini 2010-04-09T11:21:56Z meiotic spindle assembly biological_process GO:0090306 spindle assembly involved in meiosis The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle that contributes to the process of meiosis. GOC:tb GOC:vw meiotic spindle assembly GOC:vw Mitotic bipolar spindle assembly begins with spindle microtubule nucleation from the separated spindle pole body, includes spindle elongation during prometaphase, and is complete when all kinetochores are stably attached the spindle, and the spindle assembly checkpoint is satisfied. tanyaberardini 2010-04-09T11:31:28Z spindle assembly involved in mitosis biological_process GO:0090307 mitotic spindle assembly Mitotic bipolar spindle assembly begins with spindle microtubule nucleation from the separated spindle pole body, includes spindle elongation during prometaphase, and is complete when all kinetochores are stably attached the spindle, and the spindle assembly checkpoint is satisfied. GOC:tb GOC:vw Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. tanyaberardini 2010-04-16T03:45:07Z biological_process GO:0090316 positive regulation of intracellular protein transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. tanyaberardini 2010-04-16T03:45:07Z biological_process GO:0090317 negative regulation of intracellular protein transport Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. tanyaberardini 2010-05-14T10:24:29Z biological_process GO:0090325 regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. tanyaberardini 2010-05-14T10:26:58Z biological_process GO:0090326 positive regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. tanyaberardini 2010-05-14T10:26:58Z biological_process GO:0090327 negative regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of olfactory learning. Olfactory learning is any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue. tanyaberardini 2010-05-14T10:37:22Z biological_process GO:0090328 regulation of olfactory learning Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of olfactory learning. Olfactory learning is any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. tanyaberardini 2010-05-14T10:46:08Z biological_process GO:0090330 regulation of platelet aggregation Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. tanyaberardini 2010-05-14T10:46:08Z platelet disaggregation biological_process GO:0090331 negative regulation of platelet aggregation Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. GOC:BHF platelet disaggregation GOC:dph PMID:12871378 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose. tanyaberardini 2011-02-26T02:22:41Z biological_process GO:0090407 organophosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose. GOC:chem_mtg Enables the transfer of a vitamin from one side of a membrane to the other. tanyaberardini 2012-10-02T16:50:50Z GO:0051183 vitamin or cofactor transporter activity molecular_function vitamin transporter activity GO:0090482 vitamin transmembrane transporter activity Enables the transfer of a vitamin from one side of a membrane to the other. GOC:tb The immediate defensive reaction by vertebrate tissue to injury caused by chemical or physical agents. tanyaberardini 2014-08-12T12:13:53Z biological_process GO:0090594 inflammatory response to wounding The immediate defensive reaction by vertebrate tissue to injury caused by chemical or physical agents. GOC:add A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription. tanyaberardini 2014-09-16T14:44:46Z biological_process solid substrate biofilm formation GO:0090605 submerged biofilm formation A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription. GOC:di GOC:tb A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription. tanyaberardini 2014-09-16T14:55:15Z biological_process GO:0090609 single-species submerged biofilm formation A process in which planktonically growing microorganisms of the same species aggregate and grow on solid substrates under the flow of a liquid and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in a change in the organisms' growth rate and gene transcription. GOC:di GOC:tb All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium. paola 2011-03-23T01:52:31Z cilium plasm microtubule-based flagellar matrix microtubule-based flagellum matrix cellular_component cilial cytoplasm ciliary cytoplasm cilium cytoplasm microtubule-based flagellar cytoplasm microtubule-based flagellum cytoplasm GO:0097014 Note that we deem cilium and microtubule-based flagellum to be equivalent. Also, researchers consider the composition of both the plasm and the membrane of the cilium to be detectably different from that in the non-ciliary cytosol and plasma membrane (e.g. in terms of calcium ion concentration, membrane lipid composition, and more). For this reason, the term "ciliary plasm" is not linked to "cytoplasm". ciliary plasm All of the contents of a cilium, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the cilium. GOC:BHF GOC:cilia GOC:dos PMID:17895364 A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. paola 2011-06-07T11:22:09Z cellular_component GO:0097060 synaptic membrane A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. GOC:BHF PMID:20410104 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure. paola 2011-09-23T02:31:01Z molecular_function GO:0097159 organic cyclic compound binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an organic cyclic compound, any molecular entity that contains carbon arranged in a cyclic molecular structure. GOC:sjw PMID:7583672 A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. paola 2011-11-23T09:30:23Z GO:0008624 apoptotic signalling pathway induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals biological_process GO:0097190 This term can be used to annotate gene products involved in apoptotic events happening downstream of the cross-talk point between the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The cross-talk starts when caspase-8 cleaves Bid and truncated Bid interacts with mitochondria. From this point on it is not possible to distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. apoptotic signaling pathway A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. GOC:mtg_apoptosis apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. paola 2011-11-23T09:45:24Z execution phase of apoptotic process apoptosis biological_process GO:0097194 execution phase of apoptosis A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:21760595 The temporary recovery of response to a stimulus when a novel stimulus is added. paola 2012-03-20T01:39:25Z biological_process GO:0097270 dishabituation The temporary recovery of response to a stimulus when a novel stimulus is added. GOC:kmv PMID:11390637 Wikipedia:Habituation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus. paola 2012-05-15T03:48:45Z GO:1990335 process resulting in tolerance to alcohol biological_process GO:0097305 response to alcohol Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alcohol stimulus. GOC:pr PMID:24014527 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antineoplastic agent stimulus. An antineoplastic agent is a substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. paola 2012-06-12T10:48:28Z biological_process GO:0097327 response to antineoplastic agent Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antineoplastic agent stimulus. An antineoplastic agent is a substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carboplatin stimulus. paola 2012-06-12T10:50:34Z biological_process GO:0097328 response to carboplatin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carboplatin stimulus. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimetabolite stimulus. An antimetabolite is a substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization. paola 2012-06-12T10:52:01Z biological_process GO:0097329 response to antimetabolite Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antimetabolite stimulus. An antimetabolite is a substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine stimulus. 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; it is used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. paola 2012-06-12T10:53:35Z biological_process GO:0097330 response to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine stimulus. 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine is a pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; it is used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytarabine stimulus. paola 2012-06-12T10:55:29Z biological_process GO:0097331 response to cytarabine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytarabine stimulus. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antipsychotic drug stimulus. Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. paola 2012-06-12T10:58:13Z biological_process GO:0097332 response to antipsychotic drug Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antipsychotic drug stimulus. Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an olanzapine stimulus. paola 2012-06-12T11:00:04Z biological_process GO:0097333 response to olanzapine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an olanzapine stimulus. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a perphenazine stimulus. Perphenazine is a phenothiazine derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the N-10 position. paola 2012-06-12T11:01:14Z biological_process GO:0097334 response to perphenazine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a perphenazine stimulus. Perphenazine is a phenothiazine derivative having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the N-10 position. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quetiapine stimulus. paola 2012-06-12T11:03:22Z biological_process GO:0097335 response to quetiapine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a quetiapine stimulus. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a risperidone stimulus. paola 2012-06-12T11:04:31Z biological_process GO:0097336 response to risperidone Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a risperidone stimulus. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ziprasidone stimulus. Ziprasidone is a piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms. paola 2012-06-12T11:05:31Z biological_process GO:0097337 response to ziprasidone Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ziprasidone stimulus. Ziprasidone is a piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clozapine stimulus. paola 2012-06-12T11:07:01Z biological_process GO:0097338 response to clozapine Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clozapine stimulus. GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bronchodilator stimulus. A bronchodilator is a chemical that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes. paola 2012-08-01T16:13:31Z response to bronchodilator agent biological_process response to broncholytic agent GO:0097366 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to bronchodilator Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bronchodilator stimulus. A bronchodilator is a chemical that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes. GOC:hp OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (also called smooth ER, or SER). GO:0005790 paola 2012-11-07T13:45:14Z NIF_Subcellular:sao184202831 cellular_component SER subcomponent GO:0097425 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. obsolete smooth endoplasmic reticulum part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (also called smooth ER, or SER). NIF_Subcellular:sao184202831 SER subcomponent NIF_Subcellular:sao1842028314 OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. A typical neuron consists of a cell body (often called the soma), an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. CL:0000540 paola 2012-12-19T16:53:50Z cellular_component GO:0097458 obsolete neuron part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. A typical neuron consists of a cell body (often called the soma), an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. GOC:pr Wikipedia:Neuron The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). paola 2014-10-01T13:49:27Z biological_process GO:0097659 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. nucleic acid-templated transcription The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA). GOC:pr GOC:txnOH GOC:vw Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. paola 2016-03-29T17:39:45Z cellular_component GO:0097708 intracellular vesicle Any vesicle that is part of the intracellular region. GOC:vesicles The docking of a cytosolic centriole/basal body to the plasma membrane via the ciliary transition fibers. In some species this may happen via an intermediate step, by first docking to the ciliary vesicle via the ciliary transition fibers. The basal body-ciliary vesicle then relocates to the plasma membrane, followed by the ciliary vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane, effectively attaching the basal body to the plasma membrane. paola 2016-08-05T16:12:33Z Reactome:R-HSA-5620912.1 ciliary basal body docking biological_process anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane GO:0097711 Basal bodies in jawed vertebrates appear to first attach to a ciliary vesicle. It is unclear how specific this is to jawed vertebrates or if other organisms also employ this sequence. Some species like Giardia intestinalis do not relocate their basal bodies to the plasma membrane, but have their axonemes extend through the cytosol to then protrude out of the cell to form flagella. ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking The docking of a cytosolic centriole/basal body to the plasma membrane via the ciliary transition fibers. In some species this may happen via an intermediate step, by first docking to the ciliary vesicle via the ciliary transition fibers. The basal body-ciliary vesicle then relocates to the plasma membrane, followed by the ciliary vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane, effectively attaching the basal body to the plasma membrane. GOC:cilia PMID:13978319 PMID:23348840 PMID:23530209 PMID:25686250 PMID:26981235 Reactome:R-HSA-5620912.1 The process in which vesicles formed at the trans-Golgi network are directed to the plasma membrane surrounding the base of the cilium, including the ciliary pocket, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. paola 2016-08-05T16:16:28Z biological_process GO:0097712 vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to periciliary membrane compartment The process in which vesicles formed at the trans-Golgi network are directed to the plasma membrane surrounding the base of the cilium, including the ciliary pocket, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces. GOC:cilia PMID:20106869 PMID:23351793 PMID:24814148 PMID:26485645 Reactome:R-HSA-5620920.1 Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell. paola 2016-09-01T12:00:45Z sperm movement biological_process GO:0097722 sperm motility Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell. GOC:cilia GOC:krc The assembly and secretion of an extracellular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. paola 2016-10-03T14:35:25Z exosome assembly or secretion exosome biogenesis exosome production biological_process ILV assembly intraluminal vesicle assembly GO:0097734 extracellular exosome biogenesis The assembly and secretion of an extracellular exosome, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. GOC:PARL GOC:bf PMID:19442504 PMID:25392495 The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle. davidos 2014-02-26T13:41:31Z cellular_component GO:0098588 Examples include the outer membranes of double membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria as well as the bounding membranes of single-membrane bound organelles such as lysosomes. bounding membrane of organelle The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle. GOC:dos A membrane that is a part of a larger membrane. Examples include the apical region of the plasma membrane of an epithelial cell and the various regions of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. 2014-03-06T11:37:54Z region of membrane cellular_component GO:0098589 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to choose a more specific subclass. membrane region A membrane that is a part of a larger membrane. Examples include the apical region of the plasma membrane of an epithelial cell and the various regions of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. GOC:dos A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. davidos 2014-03-06T11:55:32Z region of plasma membrane cellular_component GO:0098590 Note that this term should not be used for direct manual annotation as it should always be possible to choose a more specific subclass. plasma membrane region A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. davidos 2014-04-16T13:40:03Z GO:0016337 biological_process single organismal cell-cell adhesion GO:0098609 cell-cell adhesion The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. GOC:dos The clustering together of unicellular organisms in suspension form aggregates. aggregation of single cell organisms biological_process GO:0098630 aggregation of unicellular organisms The clustering together of unicellular organisms in suspension form aggregates. GOC:dos The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell. cell adhesion molecule protein binding involved in cell adhesion molecular_function GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to the external substrate or to another cell. Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to another cell. cell-cell adhesion molecule protein binding involved in cell-cell adhesion molecular_function GO:0098632 cell-cell adhesion mediator activity The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to another cell. Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion The process in which an anion is transported across a membrane. GO:0099133 ATP hydrolysis coupled anion transmembrane transport biological_process GO:0098656 anion transmembrane transport The process in which an anion is transported across a membrane. GOC:dos GOC:vw The clustering together and adhesion of initially separate cells to form an aggregate. Examples include the clustering of unicellular organisms or blood cells in suspension and the condensation of mesenchymal cells during cartilage formation. biological_process GO:0098743 cell aggregation The clustering together and adhesion of initially separate cells to form an aggregate. Examples include the clustering of unicellular organisms or blood cells in suspension and the condensation of mesenchymal cells during cartilage formation. GOC:dos One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. biological_process GO:0098762 This term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation should be to 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (e.g. mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiotic cell cycle phase One of the distinct periods or stages into which the meiotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. GOC:dos One of the distinct periods or stages into which the mitotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. biological_process GO:0098763 This term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation should be to 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (e.g. mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). mitotic cell cycle phase One of the distinct periods or stages into which the mitotic cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. GOC:dos A meiotic cell cycle phase prior to a during which some part of meiosis I nuclear division or the proceeding cytokinesis occurs. biological_process GO:0098764 This term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation should be to 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (e.g. mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiosis I cell cycle phase A meiotic cell cycle phase prior to a during which some part of meiosis I nuclear division or the proceeding cytokinesis occurs. GOC:dos A meiotic cell cycle phase that occurs after meiosis I (the first meiotic nuclear division). biological_process GO:0098765 This term should not be used for direct annotation. If you are trying to make an annotation to x phase, it is likely that the correct annotation should be to 'regulation of x/y phase transition' or to a process which occurs during the reported phase (e.g. mitotic DNA replication for mitotic S-phase). To capture the phase when a specific location or process is observed, the phase term can be used in an annotation extension (PMID:24885854) applied to a cellular component term (with the relation exists_during) or a biological process term (with the relation happens_during). meiosis II cell cycle phase A meiotic cell cycle phase that occurs after meiosis I (the first meiotic nuclear division). GOC:dos Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell. biological_process GO:0098771 inorganic ion homeostasis Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of inorganic ions within an organism or cell. GOC:dos A molecular function that modulates the activity of a gene product or complex. Examples include enzyme regulators and channel regulators. molecular_function GO:0098772 molecular function regulator A molecular function that modulates the activity of a gene product or complex. Examples include enzyme regulators and channel regulators. GOC:dos GOC:pt A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of the Golgi Apparatus. cellular_component GO:0098791 Golgi subcompartment A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of the Golgi Apparatus. GOC:dos The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell. cellular_component GO:0098794 postsynapse The part of a synapse that is part of the post-synaptic cell. GOC:dos Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. cellular_component GO:0098796 membrane protein complex Any protein complex that is part of a membrane. GOC:dos Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. cellular_component GO:0098797 plasma membrane protein complex Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. GOC:dos A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion. cellular_component GO:0098798 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. mitochondrial protein complex A protein complex that is part of a mitochondrion. GOC:dos Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system. biological_process GO:0098801 regulation of renal system process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system. GOC:dos Any lipid bilayer that completely encloses some structure, and all the proteins embedded in it or attached to it. Examples include the plasma membrane and most organelle membranes. cellular_component GO:0098805 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. whole membrane Any lipid bilayer that completely encloses some structure, and all the proteins embedded in it or attached to it. Examples include the plasma membrane and most organelle membranes. GOC:dos The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. biological_process GO:0098813 nuclear chromosome segregation The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. GOC:dos A distinct region of the endoplasmic reticulum cellular_component GO:0098827 endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment A distinct region of the endoplasmic reticulum GOC:dos The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. microtubule-based protein transport biological_process GO:0098840 protein transport along microtubule The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. PMID:25987607 A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it. cellular_component GO:0098857 membrane microdomain A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it. PMID:20044567 PMID:26253820 A synapse in which pre and post-synaptic cells are neurons. cellular_component GO:0098984 neuron to neuron synapse A synapse in which pre and post-synaptic cells are neurons. GOC:dos Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse biological_process GO:0099003 vesicle-mediated transport in synapse Any vesicle-mediated transport that occurs in a synapse GOC:dos A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. cellular_component GO:0099091 postsynaptic specialization, intracellular component A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. GOC:dos A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane forming an electron dense disc. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. cellular_component GO:0099092 postsynaptic density, intracellular component A network of proteins adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane forming an electron dense disc. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize neurotransmitter receptors in the adjacent membrane, such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. GOC:dos A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. biological_process GO:0099111 microtubule-based transport A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules. GOC:cjm ISBN:0815316194 A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of proteins. biological_process GO:0099118 microtubule-based protein transport A microtubule-based process that results in the transport of proteins. GOC:vw A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. cellular_component GO:0099503 secretory vesicle A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. GOC:dos Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol cellular_component GO:0099522 region of cytosol Any (proper) part of the cytosol of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytosol GOC:dos The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the postsynapse. cellular_component GO:0099524 postsynaptic cytosol The region of the cytosol consisting of all cytosol that is part of the postsynapse. GOC:dos Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse. biological_process GO:0099536 synaptic signaling Cell-cell signaling to, from or within a synapse. GOC:dos Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm" cellular_component GO:0099568 cytoplasmic region Any (proper) part of the cytoplasm of a single cell of sufficient size to still be considered cytoplasm" GOC:dos The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse. cellular_component GO:0099571 postsynaptic cytoskeleton The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse. GOC:dos PMID:19889835 A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. cellular_component GO:0099572 postsynaptic specialization A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. PMID:22046028 Any signal release from a synapse. biological_process GO:0099643 signal release from synapse Any signal release from a synapse. GOC:dos The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane perimembrane region cellular_component GO:0099738 cell cortex region The complete extent of cell cortex that underlies some some region of the plasma membrane GOC:dos OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates single organismal cell-cell adhesion cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100017 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that negatively_regulates single organismal cell-cell adhesion GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates transport cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100020 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete regulation of transport by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates transport GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates meiotic nuclear division cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100023 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete regulation of meiotic nuclear division by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates meiotic nuclear division GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates carbohydrate metabolic process cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100024 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that regulates carbohydrate metabolic process GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates purine nucleotide biosynthetic process cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100036 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GOC:cjm GOC:obol OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates meiotic nuclear division cjm 2015-04-02T04:13:19Z biological_process GO:0100051 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division by transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. Any transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter process that positively_regulates meiotic nuclear division GOC:cjm GOC:obol Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an environmental stimulus. dos 2017-02-17T16:02:42Z biological_process GO:0104004 cellular response to environmental stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an environmental stimulus. GOC:dos Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. hjd 2017-04-28T20:03:14Z biological_process GO:0106014 regulation of inflammatory response to wounding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:rph PMID:26022821 Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. hjd 2017-04-28T20:09:46Z biological_process GO:0106015 negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:rph PMID:26022821 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. hjd 2017-04-28T20:16:31Z biological_process GO:0106016 positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:rph PMID:26022821 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom. hjd 2017-10-27T17:33:05Z biological_process GO:0106064 regulation of cobalamin metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom. PMID:29056341 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cobalamin metabolic process. hjd 2018-05-01T18:07:12Z biological_process GO:0106121 positive regulation of cobalamin metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cobalamin metabolic process. PMID:29056341 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cobalamin metabolic process. hjd 2018-05-01T18:12:48Z biological_process GO:0106122 negative regulation of cobalamin metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cobalamin metabolic process. PMID:29056341 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle organization. kmv 2017-07-06T14:14:08Z biological_process GO:0110028 positive regulation of mitotic spindle organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle organization. GOC:bhm PMID:17576815 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. kmv 2018-07-05T14:10:14Z biological_process GO:0110110 positive regulation of animal organ morphogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. GOC:kmv Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. kmv 2018-07-05T14:25:21Z biological_process GO:0110111 negative regulation of animal organ morphogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. GOC:kmv Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one). kmv 2019-08-12T15:10:26Z biological_process GO:0110159 regulation of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one) Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one). GOC:vw Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one). kmv 2019-08-12T15:18:32Z biological_process GO:0110160 negative regulation of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one) Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one). GOC:vw Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one). kmv 2019-08-12T15:21:08Z biological_process GO:0110161 positive regulation of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one) Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle formation (spindle phase one). GOC:vw A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. kmv 2019-08-12T18:01:37Z cellular_component GO:0110165 cellular anatomical entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. GOC:kmv A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. kchris 2017-03-21T17:26:07Z cellular_component GO:0120025 plasma membrane bounded cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a cell and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. GOC:krc Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. kchris 2017-04-24T23:56:08Z eupodium biological_process GO:0120031 plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. GOC:krc eupodium GOC:krc GOC:rjd PMID:10328951 PMID:9096956 Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. kchris 2017-04-26T04:27:04Z biological_process GO:0120032 regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. GOC:krc Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. kchris 2017-04-26T04:34:31Z biological_process GO:0120033 negative regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. GOC:krc Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. kchris 2017-04-26T04:34:45Z biological_process GO:0120034 positive regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly. GOC:krc Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections. kchris 2017-04-26T16:02:06Z biological_process GO:0120035 regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections. GOC:krc A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. kchris 2017-04-26T16:07:02Z biological_process GO:0120036 plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasma membrane bounded prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. GOC:krc OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. GO:0120025 kchris 2017-04-28T17:20:43Z cellular_component GO:0120038 obsolete plasma membrane bounded cell projection part true OBSOLETE. Any constituent part of a plasma membrane bounded cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a cilium or axon. GOC:krc All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. kchris 2017-11-01T18:58:12Z cellular_component GO:0120111 neuron projection cytoplasm All of the contents of a plasma membrane bounded neuron projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection. GOC:ha One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. pg 2017-03-23T09:40:00Z biological_process GO:0140013 meiotic nuclear division One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. PMID:9334324 A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. pg 2017-03-23T14:44:23Z biological_process GO:0140014 mitotic nuclear division A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. ISBN:0198547684 The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules as a result of an extracellular stimulus. pg 2017-05-24T11:37:30Z biological_process GO:0140039 cell-cell adhesion in response to extracellular stimulus The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules as a result of an extracellular stimulus. PMID:14996911 The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. pg 2017-06-26T10:57:45Z biological_process GO:0140053 mitochondrial gene expression The process in which a mitochondrial gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. PMID:27058308 The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other. pg 2017-06-27T09:58:51Z biological_process GO:0140056 organelle localization by membrane tethering The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other. PMID:27875684 Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14225 pg 2017-09-14T10:32:59Z molecular_function GO:0140096 catalytic activity, acting on a protein Catalytic activity that acts to modify a protein. GOC:molecular_function_refactoring GOC:pdt The assembly and secretion a set of components to form an extracellular vesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, based on the mechanism by which they are released from cells and differentiated based on their size and content. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/14256 pg 2017-10-23T11:53:42Z extracellular vesicle assembly biological_process GO:0140112 extracellular vesicle biogenesis The assembly and secretion a set of components to form an extracellular vesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, based on the mechanism by which they are released from cells and differentiated based on their size and content. PMID:28736435 Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA-binding transcription factor, a protein that interacts with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. pg 2018-11-28T12:48:20Z molecular_function GO:0140297 DNA-binding transcription factor binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA-binding transcription factor, a protein that interacts with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. GOC:txnOH-2018 Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. pg 2019-04-03T09:21:48Z biological_process GO:0140321 negative regulation by symbiont of host autophagy Any process in which a symbiont organism decreases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. GOC:pg The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. pg 2019-05-22T11:20:45Z efflux biological_process GO:0140352 export from cell The directed movement of some substance from a cell, into the extracellular region. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via exocytosis. GOC:pg Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. jl 2012-01-19T03:23:38Z biological_process GO:1900046 regulation of hemostasis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. jl 2012-01-19T03:23:42Z down regulation of hemostasis down-regulation of hemostasis downregulation of hemostasis inhibition of hemostasis biological_process GO:1900047 negative regulation of hemostasis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. jl 2012-01-19T03:23:45Z up regulation of hemostasis up-regulation of hemostasis upregulation of hemostasis activation of hemostasis biological_process GO:1900048 positive regulation of hemostasis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie activation of hemostasis GOC:TermGenie Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region. bf 2012-02-22T10:21:48Z regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region biological_process GO:1900115 extracellular regulation of signal transduction Any regulation of signal transduction that takes place in the extracellular region. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region. bf 2012-02-22T10:27:56Z down regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region down-regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region downregulation of signal transduction in extracellular region negative regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region negative regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region extracellular inhibition of signaling pathway inhibition of signal transduction in extracellular region biological_process GO:1900116 extracellular negative regulation of signal transduction Any negative regulation of signal transduction that takes place in extracellular region. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling down regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signaling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signalling pathway in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie extracellular inhibition of signaling pathway GOC:bf inhibition of signal transduction in extracellular region GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. pr 2012-02-22T11:26:20Z biological_process GO:1900117 regulation of execution phase of apoptosis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. pr 2012-02-22T11:26:24Z down regulation of execution phase of apoptosis down-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis downregulation of execution phase of apoptosis inhibition of execution phase of apoptosis biological_process GO:1900118 negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis down regulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. pr 2012-02-22T11:26:27Z up regulation of execution phase of apoptosis up-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis upregulation of execution phase of apoptosis activation of execution phase of apoptosis biological_process GO:1900119 positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis up regulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie activation of execution phase of apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. bf 2012-02-22T11:40:53Z regulation of receptor ligand biological_process GO:1900120 regulation of receptor binding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling regulation of receptor ligand GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. bf 2012-02-22T11:40:57Z down regulation of receptor binding down-regulation of receptor binding downregulation of receptor binding inhibition of receptor binding inhibition of receptor ligand biological_process down regulation of receptor-associated protein activity GO:1900121 negative regulation of receptor binding Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling down regulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie downregulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie inhibition of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie inhibition of receptor ligand GOC:TermGenie down regulation of receptor-associated protein activity GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. bf 2012-02-22T11:41:00Z up regulation of receptor binding upregulation of receptor binding activation of receptor binding biological_process GO:1900122 positive regulation of receptor binding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a protein or other molecule binding to a receptor. GOC:TermGenie GOC:signaling up regulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie upregulation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie activation of receptor binding GOC:TermGenie Any process in which plastidial DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. bf 2012-03-08T10:51:50Z DNA organisation in plastid DNA organization in plastid plastidial DNA packaging biological_process GO:1900160 plastid DNA packaging Any process in which plastidial DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure. GOC:TermGenie GOC:emb PMID:12081370 DNA organisation in plastid GOC:TermGenie DNA organization in plastid GOC:TermGenie plastidial DNA packaging GOC:emb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation. di 2012-03-19T12:42:04Z biological_process GO:1900190 regulation of single-species biofilm formation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:di Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation. di 2012-03-19T12:42:13Z down regulation of single-species biofilm formation down-regulation of single-species biofilm formation downregulation of single-species biofilm formation inhibition of single-species biofilm formation biological_process GO:1900191 negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:di down regulation of single-species biofilm formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of single-species biofilm formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of single-species biofilm formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of single-species biofilm formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation. di 2012-03-19T12:42:21Z up regulation of single-species biofilm formation up-regulation of single-species biofilm formation upregulation of single-species biofilm formation activation of single-species biofilm formation biological_process GO:1900192 positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:di up regulation of single-species biofilm formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of single-species biofilm formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of single-species biofilm formation GOC:TermGenie activation of single-species biofilm formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate. di 2012-03-23T04:40:35Z biological_process GO:1900231 regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate. GOC:TermGenie GOC:di Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate. di 2012-03-23T04:40:45Z down regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate down-regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate downregulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate inhibition of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate biological_process GO:1900232 negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate. GOC:TermGenie GOC:di down regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate GOC:TermGenie downregulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate GOC:TermGenie inhibition of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate. di 2012-03-23T04:40:53Z up regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate up-regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate upregulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate activation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate biological_process GO:1900233 positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate. GOC:TermGenie GOC:di up regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate GOC:TermGenie upregulation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate GOC:TermGenie activation of single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. kmv 2012-04-13T08:28:39Z regulation of RNAi regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA biological_process GO:1900368 regulation of RNA interference Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv PMID:22412382 regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. kmv 2012-04-13T08:28:50Z down regulation of RNA interference down regulation of RNAi down regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA down-regulation of RNA interference down-regulation of RNAi down-regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA downregulation of RNA interference downregulation of RNAi downregulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA inhibition of RNAi inhibition of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA negative regulation of RNAi negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA inhibition of RNA interference biological_process GO:1900369 negative regulation of RNA interference Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv PMID:22412382 down regulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie down regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie downregulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNAi GOC:TermGenie inhibition of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. kmv 2012-04-13T08:29:00Z activation of RNAi activation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA positive regulation of RNAi positive regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA up regulation of RNA interference up regulation of RNAi up regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA up-regulation of RNA interference up-regulation of RNAi up-regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA upregulation of RNA interference upregulation of RNAi upregulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA activation of RNA interference biological_process GO:1900370 positive regulation of RNA interference Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA interference. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv PMID:22412382 activation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie activation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie up regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNAi GOC:TermGenie upregulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA interference GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes. krc 2012-04-17T12:32:07Z regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis regulation of purine nucleotide formation regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis biological_process GO:1900371 regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes. GOC:TermGenie GOC:go_curators regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes. krc 2012-04-17T12:32:27Z down regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism down regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis down regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process down regulation of purine nucleotide formation down regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis down-regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism down-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis down-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process down-regulation of purine nucleotide formation down-regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis downregulation of purine nucleotide anabolism downregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis downregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process downregulation of purine nucleotide formation downregulation of purine nucleotide synthesis inhibition of purine nucleotide anabolism inhibition of purine nucleotide biosynthesis inhibition of purine nucleotide formation inhibition of purine nucleotide synthesis negative regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism negative regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis negative regulation of purine nucleotide formation negative regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis inhibition of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process biological_process GO:1900372 negative regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes. GOC:TermGenie GOC:go_curators down regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes. krc 2012-04-17T12:32:37Z activation of purine nucleotide anabolism activation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis activation of purine nucleotide formation activation of purine nucleotide synthesis positive regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis positive regulation of purine nucleotide formation positive regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis up regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism up regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis up regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process up regulation of purine nucleotide formation up regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis up-regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism up-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis up-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process up-regulation of purine nucleotide formation up-regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis upregulation of purine nucleotide anabolism upregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis upregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process upregulation of purine nucleotide formation upregulation of purine nucleotide synthesis activation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process biological_process GO:1900373 positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide biosynthetic processes. GOC:TermGenie GOC:go_curators activation of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide anabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide synthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion. pr 2012-04-18T12:01:19Z biological_process GO:1900387 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie PMID:15737616 OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of transport. mah 2012-04-18T04:20:25Z biological_process GO:1900392 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete regulation of transport by negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. A negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mah PMID:17446861 OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process. mah 2012-04-20T02:45:27Z regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:1900402 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. A regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mah PMID:16408318 regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process. krc 2012-04-20T10:13:58Z activation of purine nucleotide anabolism by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter activation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter activation of purine nucleotide formation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter activation of purine nucleotide synthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of purine nucleotide formation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter positive regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of purine nucleotide formation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of purine nucleotide formation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter up-regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of purine nucleotide anabolism by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of purine nucleotide formation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter upregulation of purine nucleotide synthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter activation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter biological_process GO:1900418 This term was obsoleted because it represents a GO-CAM model. obsolete positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter true OBSOLETE. A positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that results in positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:curators PMID:17573544 activation of purine nucleotide anabolism by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide formation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide synthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine nucleotide formation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide formation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide anabolism by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide formation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide anabolism by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide formation by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide synthesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide biosynthetic process by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. krc 2012-05-11T05:43:15Z regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism regulation of purine metabolic process regulation of purine metabolism biological_process GO:1900542 regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. krc 2012-05-11T05:44:21Z down regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process down regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism down-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process down-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism downregulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process downregulation of purine nucleotide metabolism negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism down regulation of purine metabolic process down regulation of purine metabolism down-regulation of purine metabolic process down-regulation of purine metabolism downregulation of purine metabolic process downregulation of purine metabolism inhibition of purine metabolic process inhibition of purine metabolism inhibition of purine nucleotide metabolic process inhibition of purine nucleotide metabolism negative regulation of purine metabolic process negative regulation of purine metabolism biological_process GO:1900543 negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. krc 2012-05-11T05:44:43Z positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism up regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process up regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism up-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process up-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism upregulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process upregulation of purine nucleotide metabolism activation of purine metabolic process activation of purine metabolism activation of purine nucleotide metabolic process activation of purine nucleotide metabolism positive regulation of purine metabolic process positive regulation of purine metabolism up regulation of purine metabolic process up regulation of purine metabolism up-regulation of purine metabolic process up-regulation of purine metabolism upregulation of purine metabolic process upregulation of purine metabolism biological_process GO:1900544 positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of purine nucleotide metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of purine nucleotide metabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of purine metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress. dhl 2012-06-14T05:41:19Z regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress regulation of salinity response biological_process GO:1901000 regulation of response to salt stress Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress. GOC:TermGenie PMID:22627139 regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie regulation of salinity response GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress. dhl 2012-06-14T05:41:43Z down regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress down regulation of response to salt stress down regulation of salinity response down-regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress down-regulation of response to salt stress down-regulation of salinity response downregulation of response to ionic osmotic stress downregulation of response to salt stress downregulation of salinity response inhibition of response to ionic osmotic stress inhibition of salinity response negative regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress negative regulation of salinity response inhibition of response to salt stress biological_process GO:1901001 negative regulation of response to salt stress Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress. GOC:TermGenie PMID:22627139 down regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to salt stress GOC:TermGenie down regulation of salinity response GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to salt stress GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of salinity response GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to salt stress GOC:TermGenie downregulation of salinity response GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie inhibition of salinity response GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of salinity response GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to salt stress GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress. dhl 2012-06-14T05:41:50Z activation of response to ionic osmotic stress activation of salinity response positive regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress positive regulation of salinity response up regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress up regulation of response to salt stress up regulation of salinity response up-regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress up-regulation of response to salt stress up-regulation of salinity response upregulation of response to ionic osmotic stress upregulation of response to salt stress upregulation of salinity response activation of response to salt stress biological_process GO:1901002 positive regulation of response to salt stress Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to salt stress. GOC:TermGenie PMID:22627139 activation of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie activation of salinity response GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of salinity response GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to salt stress GOC:TermGenie up regulation of salinity response GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to salt stress GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of salinity response GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to ionic osmotic stress GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to salt stress GOC:TermGenie upregulation of salinity response GOC:TermGenie activation of response to salt stress GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative. bf 2012-07-12T04:05:09Z carbohydrate derivative metabolism biological_process GO:1901135 carbohydrate derivative metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative. GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative. bf 2012-07-12T04:05:39Z carbohydrate derivative anabolism carbohydrate derivative biosynthesis carbohydrate derivative formation carbohydrate derivative synthesis biological_process GO:1901137 carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative. GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative anabolism GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative formation GOC:TermGenie carbohydrate derivative synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any gene expression that is involved in extracellular matrix organization. Gene expression includes both transcription to produce an RNA transcript, and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included in gene expression when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. bf 2012-07-16T03:29:30Z expression of extracellular matrix proteins biological_process extracellular matrix protein production GO:1901148 gene expression involved in extracellular matrix organization Any gene expression that is involved in extracellular matrix organization. Gene expression includes both transcription to produce an RNA transcript, and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included in gene expression when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pg PMID:18668558 expression of extracellular matrix proteins GOC:bf extracellular matrix protein production GOC:pg The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside phosphate. bf 2012-08-20T12:33:45Z nucleoside phosphate anabolism nucleoside phosphate biosynthesis nucleoside phosphate formation nucleoside phosphate synthesis biological_process GO:1901293 nucleoside phosphate biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside phosphate. GOC:TermGenie nucleoside phosphate anabolism GOC:TermGenie nucleoside phosphate biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie nucleoside phosphate formation GOC:TermGenie nucleoside phosphate synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. hjd 2012-08-22T20:50:14Z regulation of sperm motility regulation of sperm movement biological_process GO:1901317 regulation of flagellated sperm motility Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. hjd 2012-08-22T20:50:35Z down regulation of sperm motility down regulation of sperm movement down-regulation of sperm motility down-regulation of sperm movement downregulation of sperm motility downregulation of sperm movement inhibition of sperm movement negative regulation of sperm motility negative regulation of sperm movement inhibition of sperm motility biological_process GO:1901318 negative regulation of flagellated sperm motility Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc down regulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie down regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. bf 2012-09-06T09:16:15Z biological_process regulation of vascular system development GO:1901342 regulation of vasculature development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. GOC:TermGenie regulation of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. bf 2012-09-06T09:17:24Z down regulation of vasculature development down-regulation of vasculature development downregulation of vasculature development inhibition of vasculature development biological_process down regulation of vascular system development down-regulation of vascular system development downregulation of vascular system development inhibition of vascular system development negative regulation of vascular system development GO:1901343 negative regulation of vasculature development Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. GOC:TermGenie down regulation of vasculature development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of vasculature development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of vasculature development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of vasculature development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T09:03:51Z organic cyclic compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901360 organic cyclic compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T09:05:22Z organic cyclic compound anabolism organic cyclic compound biosynthesis organic cyclic compound formation organic cyclic compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901362 organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic cyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound formation GOC:TermGenie organic cyclic compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heterocyclic compound. bf 2012-09-14T13:53:50Z molecular_function GO:1901363 heterocyclic compound binding Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heterocyclic compound. GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. tt 2012-10-01T14:34:03Z regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism biological_process GO:1901401 regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mengo_curators regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. tt 2012-10-01T14:35:11Z down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolism negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolic process biological_process GO:1901402 negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mengo_curators down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. tt 2012-10-01T14:35:29Z activation of tetrapyrrole metabolism positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism activation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process biological_process GO:1901403 positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mengo_curators activation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of tetrapyrrole metabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol. tt 2012-10-01T16:52:13Z biological_process GO:1901419 regulation of response to alcohol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mengo_curators Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol. tt 2012-10-01T16:53:25Z down regulation of response to alcohol down-regulation of response to alcohol downregulation of response to alcohol inhibition of response to alcohol biological_process GO:1901420 negative regulation of response to alcohol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mengo_curators down regulation of response to alcohol GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to alcohol GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to alcohol GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to alcohol GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol. tt 2012-10-01T16:53:42Z up regulation of response to alcohol up-regulation of response to alcohol upregulation of response to alcohol activation of response to alcohol biological_process GO:1901421 positive regulation of response to alcohol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to alcohol. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mengo_curators up regulation of response to alcohol GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to alcohol GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to alcohol GOC:TermGenie activation of response to alcohol GOC:TermGenie Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus. al 2012-10-19T08:25:05Z positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus biological_process activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GO:1901522 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus. GOC:TermGenie PMID:22840777 positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus GOC:TermGenie The addition or removal of methyl groups to DNA that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression. jl 2012-10-25T14:53:43Z DNA methylation or demethylation involved in embryogenesis DNA methylation or demethylation involved in embryonal development changes in DNA methylation involved in embryo development changes in DNA methylation involved in embryogenesis biological_process changes in DNA methylation involved in embryonal development GO:1901538 changes to DNA methylation involved in embryo development The addition or removal of methyl groups to DNA that contributes to the epigenetic regulation of embryonic gene expression. GOC:TermGenie DNA methylation or demethylation involved in embryogenesis GOC:TermGenie DNA methylation or demethylation involved in embryonal development GOC:TermGenie changes in DNA methylation involved in embryo development GOC:TermGenie changes in DNA methylation involved in embryogenesis GOC:TermGenie changes in DNA methylation involved in embryonal development GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paracetamol stimulus. hp 2012-11-02T09:43:23Z response to acetaminophen biological_process GO:1901554 response to paracetamol Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paracetamol stimulus. GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paclitaxel stimulus. hp 2012-11-02T09:46:08Z biological_process GO:1901555 response to paclitaxel Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paclitaxel stimulus. GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a candesartan stimulus. hp 2012-11-02T09:46:13Z biological_process GO:1901556 response to candesartan Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a candesartan stimulus. GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fenofibrate stimulus. hp 2012-11-02T09:46:20Z biological_process GO:1901557 response to fenofibrate Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fenofibrate stimulus. GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metformin stimulus. hp 2012-11-02T09:46:24Z biological_process GO:1901558 response to metformin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metformin stimulus. GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ribavirin stimulus. hp 2012-11-02T09:46:28Z biological_process GO:1901559 response to ribavirin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ribavirin stimulus. GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus. mah 2012-11-02T15:32:45Z response to CPT biological_process GO:1901563 response to camptothecin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a camptothecin stimulus. GOC:TermGenie response to CPT GOC:mah The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. pr 2012-11-04T15:17:52Z organonitrogen compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901564 organonitrogen compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organonitrogen compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organonitrogen compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. pr 2012-11-04T15:18:00Z organonitrogen compound anabolism organonitrogen compound biosynthesis organonitrogen compound formation organonitrogen compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901566 organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organonitrogen compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organonitrogen compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound formation GOC:TermGenie organonitrogen compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. pr 2012-11-05T11:04:40Z organic molecular entity anabolism organic molecular entity biosynthesis organic molecular entity biosynthetic process organic molecular entity formation organic molecular entity synthesis organic substance anabolism organic substance biosynthesis organic substance formation organic substance synthesis biological_process GO:1901576 organic substance biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic molecular entity anabolism GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity formation GOC:TermGenie organic molecular entity synthesis GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. pr 2012-11-13T12:54:27Z organic hydroxy compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901615 organic hydroxy compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr organic hydroxy compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie A response that results in a state of tolerance to ketone. pr 2012-11-20T10:55:47Z GO:1990369 process resulting in tolerance to ketone biological_process GO:1901654 response to ketone A response that results in a state of tolerance to ketone. GOC:mengo_curators PMID:23356676 The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosyl compound. pr 2012-11-20T14:24:07Z glycosyl compound metabolism biological_process GO:1901657 glycosyl compound metabolic process The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosyl compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr glycosyl compound metabolism GOC:TermGenie The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosyl compound. pr 2012-11-20T14:24:19Z glycosyl compound anabolism glycosyl compound biosynthesis glycosyl compound formation glycosyl compound synthesis biological_process GO:1901659 glycosyl compound biosynthetic process The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosyl compound. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr glycosyl compound anabolism GOC:TermGenie glycosyl compound biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie glycosyl compound formation GOC:TermGenie glycosyl compound synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle assembly. al 2012-11-22T09:50:00Z regulation of spindle assembly involved in mitosis biological_process GO:1901673 regulation of mitotic spindle assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle assembly. GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus. pr 2012-12-13T15:06:08Z response to nitrogen molecular entity biological_process GO:1901698 response to nitrogen compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus. pr 2012-12-13T15:11:37Z response to oxygen molecular entity biological_process GO:1901700 response to oxygen-containing compound Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen-containing compound stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. pr 2013-01-10T13:25:39Z positive regulation of blood platelet aggregation up regulation of blood platelet aggregation up regulation of platelet aggregation up-regulation of blood platelet aggregation up-regulation of platelet aggregation upregulation of blood platelet aggregation upregulation of platelet aggregation activation of blood platelet aggregation activation of platelet aggregation biological_process activation of thrombocyte aggregation positive regulation of thrombocyte aggregation up regulation of thrombocyte aggregation up-regulation of thrombocyte aggregation upregulation of thrombocyte aggregation GO:1901731 positive regulation of platelet aggregation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. GOC:TermGenie GOC:fj positive regulation of blood platelet aggregation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of blood platelet aggregation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of platelet aggregation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of blood platelet aggregation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of platelet aggregation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of blood platelet aggregation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of platelet aggregation GOC:TermGenie activation of blood platelet aggregation GOC:TermGenie activation of platelet aggregation GOC:TermGenie activation of thrombocyte aggregation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of thrombocyte aggregation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of thrombocyte aggregation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of thrombocyte aggregation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of thrombocyte aggregation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin A metabolic process. dph 2013-01-11T15:29:43Z regulation of vitamin A metabolism biological_process GO:1901738 regulation of vitamin A metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin A metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie PMID:18093975 regulation of vitamin A metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. yaf 2013-02-01T10:05:04Z regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism regulation of mtDNA metabolic process regulation of mtDNA metabolism biological_process GO:1901858 regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf PMID:23150719 regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. yaf 2013-02-01T10:05:09Z down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism down regulation of mtDNA metabolic process down regulation of mtDNA metabolism down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism down-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process down-regulation of mtDNA metabolism downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism downregulation of mtDNA metabolic process downregulation of mtDNA metabolism inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolism inhibition of mtDNA metabolic process inhibition of mtDNA metabolism negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism negative regulation of mtDNA metabolic process negative regulation of mtDNA metabolism inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process biological_process GO:1901859 negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf PMID:23150719 down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. yaf 2013-02-01T10:05:14Z activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism activation of mtDNA metabolic process activation of mtDNA metabolism positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism positive regulation of mtDNA metabolic process positive regulation of mtDNA metabolism up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism up regulation of mtDNA metabolic process up regulation of mtDNA metabolism up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism up-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process up-regulation of mtDNA metabolism upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism upregulation of mtDNA metabolic process upregulation of mtDNA metabolism activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process biological_process GO:1901860 positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GOC:yaf PMID:23150719 activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mtDNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mtDNA metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tamsulosin stimulus. hp 2013-02-13T10:14:41Z biological_process GO:1901905 response to tamsulosin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tamsulosin stimulus. GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. dph 2013-03-26T18:10:51Z regulation of ciliogenesis biological_process regulation of cilium biogenesis GO:1902017 regulation of cilium assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:dph PMID:17719545 regulation of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. dph 2013-03-26T18:10:56Z down regulation of ciliogenesis down regulation of cilium assembly down-regulation of ciliogenesis down-regulation of cilium assembly downregulation of ciliogenesis downregulation of cilium assembly inhibition of ciliogenesis negative regulation of ciliogenesis inhibition of cilium assembly biological_process down regulation of cilium biogenesis down-regulation of cilium biogenesis downregulation of cilium biogenesis inhibition of cilium biogenesis negative regulation of cilium biogenesis GO:1902018 negative regulation of cilium assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:dph PMID:17719545 down regulation of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ciliogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cilium assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cilium biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. jl 2013-03-27T14:42:38Z regulation of cilium cell motility biological_process regulation of ciliary cell motility GO:1902019 regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. jl 2013-03-27T14:42:42Z down regulation of ciliary cell motility down-regulation of ciliary cell motility downregulation of ciliary cell motility negative regulation of cilium cell motility inhibition of ciliary cell motility biological_process negative regulation of ciliary cell motility GO:1902020 negative regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:jl down regulation of ciliary cell motility GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ciliary cell motility GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ciliary cell motility GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ciliary cell motility GOC:TermGenie Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in spermatogenesis. kmv 2013-04-16T20:27:18Z regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa biological_process global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spermatogenesis regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in generation of spermatozoa regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in spermatogenesis GO:1902064 regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spermatogenesis Any regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in spermatogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv PMID:22570621 regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spermatogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in spermatogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in generation of spermatozoa GOC:TermGenie regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in spermatogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus. mls 2013-04-22T15:41:57Z response to salinity biological_process GO:1902074 response to salt Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salt stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mls PMID:16666921 response to salinity GOC:mls Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. bf 2013-04-29T09:15:25Z activation of sperm movement positive regulation of sperm motility positive regulation of sperm movement up regulation of sperm motility up regulation of sperm movement up-regulation of sperm motility up-regulation of sperm movement upregulation of sperm motility upregulation of sperm movement activation of sperm motility biological_process GO:1902093 positive regulation of flagellated sperm motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flagellated sperm motility. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:jh2 GOC:krc PMID:7513657 activation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sperm movement GOC:TermGenie activation of sperm motility GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. pr 2013-05-14T09:43:21Z biological_process GO:1902115 regulation of organelle assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. pr 2013-05-14T09:43:31Z down regulation of organelle assembly down-regulation of organelle assembly downregulation of organelle assembly inhibition of organelle assembly biological_process GO:1902116 negative regulation of organelle assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr down regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. pr 2013-05-14T09:43:36Z up regulation of organelle assembly up-regulation of organelle assembly upregulation of organelle assembly activation of organelle assembly biological_process GO:1902117 positive regulation of organelle assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr up regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of organelle assembly GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation. al 2013-05-15T15:15:48Z regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis biological_process GO:1902119 regulation of meiotic spindle elongation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation. GOC:TermGenie PMID:23370392 regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation. al 2013-05-15T15:15:53Z down regulation of meiotic spindle elongation down regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis down-regulation of meiotic spindle elongation down-regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis downregulation of meiotic spindle elongation downregulation of spindle elongation during meiosis inhibition of spindle elongation during meiosis negative regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis inhibition of meiotic spindle elongation biological_process GO:1902120 negative regulation of meiotic spindle elongation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic spindle elongation. GOC:TermGenie PMID:23370392 down regulation of meiotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of meiotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of meiotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of spindle elongation during meiosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of meiotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis. dph 2013-06-25T16:16:00Z apoptotic cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels apoptotic programmed cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in patterning of blood vessels apoptosis involved in patterning of blood vessels apoptotic program involved in patterning of blood vessels type I programmed cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels biological_process signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in patterning of blood vessels GO:1902262 apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:16163358 apoptotic cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels GOC:TermGenie apoptotic programmed cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels GOC:TermGenie programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in patterning of blood vessels GOC:TermGenie apoptosis involved in patterning of blood vessels GOC:TermGenie apoptotic program involved in patterning of blood vessels GOC:TermGenie type I programmed cell death involved in patterning of blood vessels GOC:TermGenie signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in patterning of blood vessels GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. sart 2013-07-29T15:03:16Z regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis biological_process regulation of apoptosis involved in development regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GO:1902337 regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:sart PMID:12202035 regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. sart 2013-07-29T15:03:25Z down regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis downregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis down regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis down-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis downregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis inhibition of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis inhibition of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis negative regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis biological_process down regulation of apoptosis involved in development down regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development down-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis downregulation of apoptosis involved in development downregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis inhibition of apoptosis involved in development inhibition of morphogenetic apoptosis negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development negative regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GO:1902338 negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:sart PMID:12202035 down regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. sart 2013-07-29T15:03:33Z up regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis upregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis activation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis activation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis positive regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis up regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis up-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis upregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis biological_process activation of apoptosis involved in development activation of morphogenetic apoptosis positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development positive regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis up regulation of apoptosis involved in development up regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development up-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis upregulation of apoptosis involved in development upregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GO:1902339 positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GOC:sart PMID:12202035 up regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie activation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of morphogenetic apoptosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. dgf 2013-07-29T20:54:14Z down regulation of chromosome condensation down regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation down regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation down-regulation of chromosome condensation down-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation down-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation downregulation of chromosome condensation downregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation downregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation negative regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation negative regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation inhibition of chromosome condensation inhibition of eukaryotic chromosome condensation inhibition of nuclear chromosome condensation biological_process GO:1902340 negative regulation of chromosome condensation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie PMID:23219725 down regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclophosphamide stimulus. dw 2013-12-02T09:34:08Z biological_process GO:1902518 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to cyclophosphamide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclophosphamide stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dw PMID:23648065 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a docetaxel trihydrate stimulus. dw 2013-12-02T09:44:04Z biological_process response to docetaxel GO:1902519 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to docetaxel trihydrate Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a docetaxel trihydrate stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dw PMID:23648065 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a doxorubicin stimulus. dw 2013-12-02T09:44:13Z biological_process GO:1902520 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to doxorubicin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a doxorubicin stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dw PMID:23648065 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an etoposide stimulus. dw 2013-12-02T09:44:22Z biological_process GO:1902521 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to etoposide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an etoposide stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dw PMID:23648065 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4'-epidoxorubicin stimulus. dw 2013-12-02T09:44:31Z biological_process response to epirubicin GO:1902522 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to 4'-epidoxorubicin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4'-epidoxorubicin stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dw PMID:23648065 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. bf 2013-12-02T11:32:52Z GO:0010627 regulation of intracellular signaling cascade regulation of intracellular signaling chain regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade biological_process regulation of intracellular signaling pathway regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GO:1902531 regulation of intracellular signal transduction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GOC:signaling GOC:tb regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. bf 2013-12-02T11:33:01Z GO:0010741 down regulation of intracellular signal transduction down regulation of intracellular signaling chain down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction down-regulation of intracellular signaling chain downregulation of intracellular signal transduction downregulation of intracellular signaling chain negative regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade negative regulation of intracellular signaling cascade negative regulation of intracellular signaling chain down regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway down regulation of intracellular signaling cascade down regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway downregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway downregulation of intracellular signaling cascade downregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade inhibition of intracellular signal transduction inhibition of intracellular signal transduction pathway inhibition of intracellular signaling cascade inhibition of intracellular signaling chain inhibition of signal transmission via intracellular cascade negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway negative regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade biological_process down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway down regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade down-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade down-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway down-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade down-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade downregulation of intracellular signaling pathway downregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade inhibition of intracellular signaling pathway inhibition of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade negative regulation of intracellular signaling pathway negative regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GO:1902532 negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GOC:signaling GOC:tb down regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie downregulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie inhibition of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. bf 2013-12-02T11:33:10Z GO:0010740 positive regulation of intracellular signaling chain up regulation of intracellular signal transduction up regulation of intracellular signaling chain up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction up-regulation of intracellular signaling chain upregulation of intracellular signal transduction upregulation of intracellular signaling chain activation of intracellular signal transduction activation of intracellular signal transduction pathway activation of intracellular signaling cascade activation of intracellular signaling chain activation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade positive regulation of intracellular protein kinase cascade positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway positive regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade up regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway up regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway up-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade upregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway upregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade biological_process activation of intracellular signaling pathway activation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade positive regulation of intracellular signaling cascade positive regulation of intracellular signaling pathway positive regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade up regulation of intracellular signaling cascade up regulation of intracellular signaling pathway up regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade up-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade up-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway up-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade upregulation of intracellular signaling cascade upregulation of intracellular signaling pathway upregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GO:1902533 positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GOC:signaling GOC:tb positive regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signal transduction GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signaling chain GOC:TermGenie activation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signal transduction pathway GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signal transmission via intracellular cascade GOC:TermGenie activation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie activation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie upregulation of intracellular signaling pathway GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade GOC:TermGenie A localization which involves another organism. jl 2013-12-18T13:51:13Z multi organism localization biological_process GO:1902579 multi-organism localization A localization which involves another organism. GOC:TermGenie GOC:jl GO_REF:0000089 multi organism localization GOC:TermGenie A cellular localization which involves another organism. jl 2013-12-18T14:04:41Z multi organism cellular localization biological_process GO:1902581 multi-organism cellular localization A cellular localization which involves another organism. GOC:TermGenie GOC:jl GO_REF:0000089 multi organism cellular localization GOC:TermGenie OBSOLETE. An intracellular transport which involves another organism. jl 2013-12-18T14:04:58Z multi organism intracellular transport biological_process GO:1902583 This term was obsoleted because there is no evidence that this process exists. obsolete multi-organism intracellular transport true OBSOLETE. An intracellular transport which involves another organism. GOC:TermGenie GOC:jl GO_REF:0000089 multi organism intracellular transport GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation. tb 2013-12-19T00:31:58Z positive regulation of response to dehydration positive regulation of response to drought positive regulation of response to thirst up regulation of response to dehydration up regulation of response to drought up regulation of response to thirst up regulation of response to water deprivation up-regulation of response to dehydration up-regulation of response to drought up-regulation of response to thirst up-regulation of response to water deprivation upregulation of response to dehydration upregulation of response to drought upregulation of response to thirst upregulation of response to water deprivation activation of response to dehydration activation of response to drought activation of response to thirst activation of response to water deprivation biological_process activation of drought tolerance positive regulation of drought tolerance up regulation of drought tolerance up-regulation of drought tolerance upregulation of drought tolerance GO:1902584 positive regulation of response to water deprivation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24198318 positive regulation of response to dehydration GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to drought GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of response to thirst GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to dehydration GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to drought GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to thirst GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to water deprivation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to dehydration GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to drought GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to thirst GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to water deprivation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to dehydration GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to drought GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to thirst GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to water deprivation GOC:TermGenie activation of response to dehydration GOC:TermGenie activation of response to drought GOC:TermGenie activation of response to thirst GOC:TermGenie activation of response to water deprivation GOC:TermGenie activation of drought tolerance GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of drought tolerance GOC:TermGenie up regulation of drought tolerance GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of drought tolerance GOC:TermGenie upregulation of drought tolerance GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. jl 2014-02-05T16:32:01Z down regulation of RNA anabolism down regulation of RNA biosynthesis down regulation of RNA biosynthetic process down regulation of RNA formation down regulation of RNA synthesis down-regulation of RNA anabolism down-regulation of RNA biosynthesis down-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process down-regulation of RNA formation down-regulation of RNA synthesis downregulation of RNA anabolism downregulation of RNA biosynthesis downregulation of RNA biosynthetic process downregulation of RNA formation downregulation of RNA synthesis negative regulation of RNA anabolism negative regulation of RNA biosynthesis negative regulation of RNA formation negative regulation of RNA synthesis inhibition of RNA anabolism inhibition of RNA biosynthesis inhibition of RNA biosynthetic process inhibition of RNA formation inhibition of RNA synthesis biological_process GO:1902679 negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. GO:jl GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. jl 2014-02-05T16:32:10Z positive regulation of RNA anabolism positive regulation of RNA biosynthesis positive regulation of RNA formation positive regulation of RNA synthesis up regulation of RNA anabolism up regulation of RNA biosynthesis up regulation of RNA biosynthetic process up regulation of RNA formation up regulation of RNA synthesis up-regulation of RNA anabolism up-regulation of RNA biosynthesis up-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process up-regulation of RNA formation up-regulation of RNA synthesis upregulation of RNA anabolism upregulation of RNA biosynthesis upregulation of RNA biosynthetic process upregulation of RNA formation upregulation of RNA synthesis activation of RNA anabolism activation of RNA biosynthesis activation of RNA biosynthetic process activation of RNA formation activation of RNA synthesis biological_process GO:1902680 positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. GO:jl GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 positive regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA anabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA biosynthetic process GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA formation GOC:TermGenie activation of RNA synthesis GOC:TermGenie Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development. pr 2014-02-28T13:09:43Z apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure biological_process apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GO:1902742 apoptotic process involved in development Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_apoptosis GOC:pg GO_REF:0000060 apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation. vw 2014-04-02T08:43:28Z down regulation of mitotic spindle elongation down regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis down-regulation of mitotic spindle elongation down-regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis downregulation of mitotic spindle elongation downregulation of spindle elongation during mitosis negative regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis inhibition of mitotic spindle elongation inhibition of spindle elongation during mitosis biological_process GO:1902845 negative regulation of mitotic spindle elongation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23087209 down regulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation. vw 2014-04-02T08:43:34Z positive regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis up regulation of mitotic spindle elongation up regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis up-regulation of mitotic spindle elongation up-regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis upregulation of mitotic spindle elongation upregulation of spindle elongation during mitosis activation of mitotic spindle elongation activation of spindle elongation during mitosis biological_process GO:1902846 positive regulation of mitotic spindle elongation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic spindle elongation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23087209 positive regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic spindle elongation GOC:TermGenie activation of spindle elongation during mitosis GOC:TermGenie Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis. vw 2014-04-02T14:19:38Z microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in mitosis microtubule dynamics involved in mitosis biological_process microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis involved in mitosis GO:1902850 microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000060 PMID:18799626 microtubule cytoskeleton organisation involved in mitosis GOC:TermGenie microtubule dynamics involved in mitosis GOC:TermGenie microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis involved in mitosis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly. als 2014-04-15T10:37:40Z down regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly down regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis down regulation of autophagosome formation down-regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly down-regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis down-regulation of autophagosome formation downregulation of autophagic vacuole assembly downregulation of autophagosome biosynthesis downregulation of autophagosome formation negative regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly negative regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis negative regulation of autophagosome formation down regulation of PAS formation down-regulation of PAS formation downregulation of PAS formation inhibition of PAS formation inhibition of autophagic vacuole assembly inhibition of autophagosome biosynthesis inhibition of autophagosome formation negative regulation of PAS formation biological_process down regulation of autophagic vacuole formation down-regulation of autophagic vacuole formation downregulation of autophagic vacuole formation inhibition of autophagic vacuole formation negative regulation of autophagic vacuole formation GO:1902902 negative regulation of autophagosome assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:als GOC:autophagy GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21975012 down regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of autophagosome formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of autophagosome formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of autophagic vacuole assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of autophagosome biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of autophagosome formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly GOC:autophagy negative regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of autophagosome formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of PAS formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of PAS formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of PAS formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of PAS formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of autophagic vacuole assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of autophagosome biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of autophagosome formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of PAS formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of autophagic vacuole formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of autophagic vacuole formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of autophagic vacuole formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of autophagic vacuole formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of autophagic vacuole formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. rl 2014-05-14T18:44:19Z regulation of glycoprotein metabolism biological_process GO:1903018 human serum amyloid P component (SAP) P02743 inhibits viral neuraminidase, NA (exo-alpha-sialidase activity) and thus the metabolism of glycoproteins, demonstrated in Figure 4A PMID:23544079, (IDA), the negative regulation term would be applied to this protein regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23544079 regulation of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. rl 2014-05-14T18:44:25Z down regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process down regulation of glycoprotein metabolism down-regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process down-regulation of glycoprotein metabolism downregulation of glycoprotein metabolic process downregulation of glycoprotein metabolism negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolism inhibition of glycoprotein metabolic process inhibition of glycoprotein metabolism biological_process GO:1903019 human serum amyloid P component (SAP) P02743 inhibits viral neuraminidase, NA (exo-alpha-sialidase activity) and thus the metabolism of glycoproteins, demonstrated in Figure 4A PMID:23544079, (IDA), the negative regulation term would be applied to this protein negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23544079 down regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of glycoprotein metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of glycoprotein metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. rl 2014-05-14T18:44:31Z positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolism up regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process up regulation of glycoprotein metabolism up-regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process up-regulation of glycoprotein metabolism upregulation of glycoprotein metabolic process upregulation of glycoprotein metabolism activation of glycoprotein metabolic process activation of glycoprotein metabolism biological_process GO:1903020 human serum amyloid P component (SAP) P02743 inhibits viral neuraminidase, NA (exo-alpha-sialidase activity) and thus the metabolism of glycoproteins, demonstrated in Figure 4A PMID:23544079, (IDA), the negative regulation term would be applied to this protein positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23544079 positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of glycoprotein metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of glycoprotein metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of glycoprotein metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. kmv 2014-05-18T01:28:46Z regulation of physiological response to wounding biological_process GO:1903034 regulation of response to wounding Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:19164535 regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. kmv 2014-05-18T01:28:52Z down regulation of physiological response to wounding down regulation of response to wounding down-regulation of physiological response to wounding down-regulation of response to wounding downregulation of physiological response to wounding downregulation of response to wounding negative regulation of physiological response to wounding inhibition of physiological response to wounding inhibition of response to wounding biological_process GO:1903035 negative regulation of response to wounding Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:19164535 down regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie down regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie downregulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie downregulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie inhibition of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie inhibition of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. kmv 2014-05-18T01:28:58Z positive regulation of physiological response to wounding up regulation of physiological response to wounding up regulation of response to wounding up-regulation of physiological response to wounding up-regulation of response to wounding upregulation of physiological response to wounding upregulation of response to wounding activation of physiological response to wounding activation of response to wounding biological_process GO:1903036 positive regulation of response to wounding Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 pmid:19164535 positive regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie upregulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie upregulation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie activation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie activation of response to wounding GOC:TermGenie A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. jl 2014-05-22T14:22:28Z biological_process GO:1903046 meiotic cell cycle process A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000060 A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. jl 2014-05-22T14:22:34Z biological_process GO:1903047 mitotic cell cycle process A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000060 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. rl 2014-05-23T17:15:41Z regulation of extracellular matrix organisation biological_process regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GO:1903053 regulation of extracellular matrix organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22357537 regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. rl 2014-05-23T17:15:47Z down regulation of extracellular matrix organisation down regulation of extracellular matrix organization down-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization downregulation of extracellular matrix organisation downregulation of extracellular matrix organization negative regulation of extracellular matrix organisation inhibition of extracellular matrix organisation inhibition of extracellular matrix organization biological_process down regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis downregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis inhibition of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GO:1903054 negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22357537 down regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. rl 2014-05-23T17:15:53Z positive regulation of extracellular matrix organisation up regulation of extracellular matrix organisation up regulation of extracellular matrix organization up-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization upregulation of extracellular matrix organisation upregulation of extracellular matrix organization activation of extracellular matrix organisation activation of extracellular matrix organization biological_process activation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis up regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis upregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GO:1903055 positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:rl GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22357537 positive regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie activation of extracellular matrix organisation GOC:TermGenie activation of extracellular matrix organization GOC:TermGenie activation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion. al 2014-06-09T11:53:14Z regulation of mitochondrial transcription regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter biological_process GO:1903108 regulation of mitochondrial transcription Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21357609 regulation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion. al 2014-06-09T11:53:20Z positive regulation of mitochondrial transcription positive regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter up regulation of mitochondrial transcription up regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter up-regulation of mitochondrial transcription up-regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter upregulation of mitochondrial transcription upregulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter activation of mitochondrial transcription activation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter biological_process GO:1903109 positive regulation of mitochondrial transcription Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription occuring in the mitochondrion. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21357609 positive regulation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie up regulation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie up regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie upregulation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter GOC:TermGenie activation of mitochondrial transcription GOC:TermGenie activation of transcription from mitochondrial promoter GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization. hjd 2014-08-20T19:36:16Z regulation of nuclear organisation regulation of nuclear organization biological_process regulation of nuclear morphology regulation of nuclear organization and biogenesis regulation of nucleus organization and biogenesis GO:1903353 regulation of nucleus organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16943282 regulation of nuclear organisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of nuclear organization GOC:TermGenie regulation of nuclear morphology GOC:TermGenie regulation of nuclear organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of nucleus organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. al 2014-08-26T13:57:13Z biological_process GO:1903379 regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:9490640 Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. al 2014-08-26T13:57:29Z up regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation up-regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation upregulation of mitotic chromosome condensation activation of mitotic chromosome condensation biological_process GO:1903380 positive regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:9490640 up regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of mitotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoside stimulus. rl 2014-09-05T12:41:01Z biological_process cellular response to ouabain GO:1903416 response to glycoside Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycoside stimulus. GOC:BHF GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cardiac_conduct_nov11 GOC:rl GO_REF:0000071 PMID:12027881 PMID:16243970 cellular response to ouabain CHEBI:472805 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. jl 2014-09-15T13:31:23Z biological_process regulation of functional differentiation GO:1903429 regulation of cell maturation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17459944 regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. jl 2014-09-15T13:31:32Z down regulation of cell maturation down-regulation of cell maturation downregulation of cell maturation inhibition of cell maturation biological_process down regulation of functional differentiation down-regulation of functional differentiation downregulation of functional differentiation inhibition of functional differentiation negative regulation of functional differentiation GO:1903430 negative regulation of cell maturation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17459944 down regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. jl 2014-09-15T13:31:41Z up regulation of cell maturation up-regulation of cell maturation upregulation of cell maturation activation of cell maturation biological_process activation of functional differentiation positive regulation of functional differentiation up regulation of functional differentiation up-regulation of functional differentiation upregulation of functional differentiation GO:1903431 positive regulation of cell maturation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17459944 up regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie activation of cell maturation GOC:TermGenie activation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of functional differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any RNA interference that is involved in olfactory learning. kmv 2014-09-22T13:50:09Z RNAi involved in olfactory learning posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA involved in olfactory learning biological_process GO:1903453 RNA interference involved in olfactory learning Any RNA interference that is involved in olfactory learning. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000060 PMID:23993094 RNAi involved in olfactory learning GOC:TermGenie posttranscriptional gene silencing by siRNA involved in olfactory learning GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a simvastatin stimulus. Simvastatin is a statin used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. hp 2014-09-25T10:58:06Z biological_process GO:1903491 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to simvastatin Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a simvastatin stimulus. Simvastatin is a statin used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. GOC:TermGenie GOC:sl GO_REF:0000071 PMID:23100282 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aspirin (acetylsalicylate) stimulus. Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with moA cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. hp 2014-09-25T10:58:23Z biological_process GO:1903492 response to acetylsalicylate Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aspirin (acetylsalicylate) stimulus. Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with moA cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000071 PMID:23392654 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clopidogrel stimulus. Clopidogrel is a is an oral, thienopyridine-class antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. hp 2014-09-25T11:36:42Z biological_process GO:1903493 response to clopidogrel Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clopidogrel stimulus. Clopidogrel is a is an oral, thienopyridine-class antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000071 PMID:23392654 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. pr 2014-10-01T14:44:47Z biological_process GO:1903506 regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr GOC:txnOH GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. pr 2014-10-01T14:44:56Z down regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription down-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription downregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription inhibition of nucleic acid-templated transcription biological_process GO:1903507 negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr GOC:txnOH GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. pr 2014-10-01T14:45:04Z up regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription up-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription upregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription activation of nucleic acid-templated transcription biological_process GO:1903508 positive regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pr GOC:txnOH GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 up regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie activation of nucleic acid-templated transcription GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. pm 2014-10-08T13:24:59Z regulation of cellular secretion biological_process GO:1903530 regulation of secretion by cell Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12130530 regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. pm 2014-10-08T13:25:08Z down regulation of cellular secretion down regulation of secretion by cell down-regulation of cellular secretion down-regulation of secretion by cell downregulation of cellular secretion downregulation of secretion by cell negative regulation of cellular secretion inhibition of cellular secretion inhibition of secretion by cell biological_process GO:1903531 negative regulation of secretion by cell Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12130530 down regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie down regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. pm 2014-10-08T13:25:17Z positive regulation of cellular secretion up regulation of cellular secretion up regulation of secretion by cell up-regulation of cellular secretion up-regulation of secretion by cell upregulation of cellular secretion upregulation of secretion by cell activation of cellular secretion activation of secretion by cell biological_process GO:1903532 positive regulation of secretion by cell Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:12130530 positive regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular secretion GOC:TermGenie activation of secretion by cell GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. pga 2014-10-20T15:37:25Z regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly biological_process GO:1903551 regulation of extracellular exosome assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24105262 regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:vesicles Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. pga 2014-10-20T15:37:33Z down regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly down-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly downregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly negative regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly inhibition of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly biological_process GO:1903552 negative regulation of extracellular exosome assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24105262 down regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:vesicles inhibition of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. pga 2014-10-20T15:37:42Z up regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly up-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly upregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly activation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly biological_process positive regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GO:1903553 positive regulation of extracellular exosome assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24105262 up regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of extracellular vesicular exosome assembly GOC:vesicles Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. jl 2014-10-22T14:26:11Z cellular_component microparticle GO:1903561 extracellular vesicle Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region. GOC:TermGenie GOC:pm GO_REF:0000064 PMID:24769233 microparticle GOC:vesicles Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. krc 2014-10-24T20:58:11Z biological_process GO:1903564 regulation of protein localization to cilium Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22072986 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. krc 2014-10-24T20:58:20Z down regulation of protein localization to cilium down-regulation of protein localization to cilium downregulation of protein localization to cilium inhibition of protein localization to cilium biological_process GO:1903565 negative regulation of protein localization to cilium Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22072986 down regulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. krc 2014-10-24T20:58:28Z up regulation of protein localization to cilium up-regulation of protein localization to cilium upregulation of protein localization to cilium activation of protein localization to cilium biological_process GO:1903566 positive regulation of protein localization to cilium Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22072986 up regulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie activation of protein localization to cilium GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. sl 2014-10-30T19:04:24Z regulation of ATP metabolism biological_process GO:1903578 regulation of ATP metabolic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20695849 regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. sl 2014-10-30T19:04:33Z down regulation of ATP metabolic process down regulation of ATP metabolism down-regulation of ATP metabolic process down-regulation of ATP metabolism downregulation of ATP metabolic process downregulation of ATP metabolism negative regulation of ATP metabolism inhibition of ATP metabolic process inhibition of ATP metabolism biological_process GO:1903579 negative regulation of ATP metabolic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20695849 down regulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. sl 2014-10-30T19:04:42Z positive regulation of ATP metabolism up regulation of ATP metabolic process up regulation of ATP metabolism up-regulation of ATP metabolic process up-regulation of ATP metabolism upregulation of ATP metabolic process upregulation of ATP metabolism activation of ATP metabolic process activation of ATP metabolism biological_process GO:1903580 positive regulation of ATP metabolic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP metabolic process. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20695849 positive regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie activation of ATP metabolic process GOC:TermGenie activation of ATP metabolism GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. jl 2014-11-24T13:38:17Z regulation of cytoplasmic streaming biological_process GO:1903649 regulation of cytoplasmic transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25049409 regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. jl 2014-11-24T13:38:26Z down regulation of cytoplasmic transport down-regulation of cytoplasmic transport downregulation of cytoplasmic transport down regulation of cytoplasmic streaming down-regulation of cytoplasmic streaming downregulation of cytoplasmic streaming inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming inhibition of cytoplasmic transport negative regulation of cytoplasmic streaming biological_process GO:1903650 negative regulation of cytoplasmic transport Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25049409 down regulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. jl 2014-11-24T13:38:34Z up regulation of cytoplasmic transport up-regulation of cytoplasmic transport upregulation of cytoplasmic transport activation of cytoplasmic streaming activation of cytoplasmic transport positive regulation of cytoplasmic streaming up regulation of cytoplasmic streaming up-regulation of cytoplasmic streaming upregulation of cytoplasmic streaming biological_process GO:1903651 positive regulation of cytoplasmic transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic transport. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25049409 up regulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie activation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie activation of cytoplasmic transport GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cytoplasmic streaming GOC:TermGenie Modulation of host cell motility by a symbiont of that host. jl 2014-11-24T17:37:56Z modulation by symbiont of host cell locomotion regulation by symbiont of host cell motility biological_process modulation by symbiont of host cell movement GO:1903653 modulation by symbiont of host cell motility Modulation of host cell motility by a symbiont of that host. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000063 PMID:25049409 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction. pf 2014-11-26T21:13:24Z biological_process GO:1903664 regulation of asexual reproduction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24390142 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction. pf 2014-11-26T21:13:32Z down regulation of asexual reproduction down-regulation of asexual reproduction downregulation of asexual reproduction inhibition of asexual reproduction biological_process GO:1903665 negative regulation of asexual reproduction Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24390142 down regulation of asexual reproduction GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of asexual reproduction GOC:TermGenie downregulation of asexual reproduction GOC:TermGenie inhibition of asexual reproduction GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction. pf 2014-11-26T21:13:40Z up regulation of asexual reproduction up-regulation of asexual reproduction upregulation of asexual reproduction activation of asexual reproduction biological_process GO:1903666 positive regulation of asexual reproduction Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:24390142 up regulation of asexual reproduction GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of asexual reproduction GOC:TermGenie upregulation of asexual reproduction GOC:TermGenie activation of asexual reproduction GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. pad 2014-12-04T15:34:13Z regulation of blood cell biosynthesis regulation of blood cell formation regulation of haemopoiesis regulation of hematopoiesis biological_process GO:1903706 An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. regulation of hemopoiesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20080761 regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. pad 2014-12-04T15:34:21Z down regulation of blood cell biosynthesis down regulation of blood cell formation down regulation of haemopoiesis down regulation of hematopoiesis down regulation of hemopoiesis down-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis down-regulation of blood cell formation down-regulation of haemopoiesis down-regulation of hematopoiesis down-regulation of hemopoiesis downregulation of blood cell biosynthesis downregulation of blood cell formation downregulation of haemopoiesis downregulation of hematopoiesis downregulation of hemopoiesis negative regulation of blood cell biosynthesis negative regulation of blood cell formation negative regulation of haemopoiesis negative regulation of hematopoiesis inhibition of blood cell biosynthesis inhibition of blood cell formation inhibition of haemopoiesis inhibition of hematopoiesis inhibition of hemopoiesis biological_process GO:1903707 An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. negative regulation of hemopoiesis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20080761 down regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. pad 2014-12-04T15:34:30Z positive regulation of blood cell biosynthesis positive regulation of blood cell formation positive regulation of haemopoiesis positive regulation of hematopoiesis up regulation of blood cell biosynthesis up regulation of blood cell formation up regulation of haemopoiesis up regulation of hematopoiesis up regulation of hemopoiesis up-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis up-regulation of blood cell formation up-regulation of haemopoiesis up-regulation of hematopoiesis up-regulation of hemopoiesis upregulation of blood cell biosynthesis upregulation of blood cell formation upregulation of haemopoiesis upregulation of hematopoiesis upregulation of hemopoiesis activation of blood cell biosynthesis activation of blood cell formation activation of haemopoiesis activation of hematopoiesis activation of hemopoiesis biological_process GO:1903708 An example of this is Atg7 in mouse (UniProt symbol, Q9D906) in PMID:20080761, inferred from mutant phenotype. positive regulation of hemopoiesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:pad GO_REF:0000058 PMID:20080761 positive regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie activation of blood cell biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of blood cell formation GOC:TermGenie activation of haemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie activation of hematopoiesis GOC:TermGenie activation of hemopoiesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport. sl 2015-01-12T21:50:20Z down regulation of anion transport down-regulation of anion transport downregulation of anion transport inhibition of anion transport biological_process GO:1903792 negative regulation of anion transport Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11336802 down regulation of anion transport GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of anion transport GOC:TermGenie downregulation of anion transport GOC:TermGenie inhibition of anion transport GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport. sl 2015-01-12T21:50:30Z up regulation of anion transport up-regulation of anion transport upregulation of anion transport activation of anion transport biological_process GO:1903793 positive regulation of anion transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transport. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11336802 up regulation of anion transport GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of anion transport GOC:TermGenie upregulation of anion transport GOC:TermGenie activation of anion transport GOC:TermGenie The process in which an organic acid is transported across a membrane. vw 2015-01-20T10:20:58Z biological_process GO:1903825 organic acid transmembrane transport The process in which an organic acid is transported across a membrane. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000069 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. jl 2015-01-20T14:32:14Z regulation of cellular protein localisation regulation of channel localizer activity biological_process GO:1903827 regulation of cellular protein localization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. jl 2015-01-20T14:32:24Z down regulation of cellular protein localisation down regulation of cellular protein localization down-regulation of cellular protein localisation down-regulation of cellular protein localization downregulation of cellular protein localisation downregulation of cellular protein localization negative regulation of cellular protein localisation down regulation of channel localizer activity down-regulation of channel localizer activity downregulation of channel localizer activity inhibition of cellular protein localisation inhibition of cellular protein localization inhibition of channel localizer activity negative regulation of channel localizer activity biological_process GO:1903828 negative regulation of cellular protein localization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie downregulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie inhibition of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. jl 2015-01-20T14:32:33Z positive regulation of cellular protein localisation up regulation of cellular protein localisation up regulation of cellular protein localization up-regulation of cellular protein localisation up-regulation of cellular protein localization upregulation of cellular protein localisation upregulation of cellular protein localization activation of cellular protein localisation activation of cellular protein localization activation of channel localizer activity positive regulation of channel localizer activity up regulation of channel localizer activity up-regulation of channel localizer activity upregulation of channel localizer activity biological_process GO:1903829 positive regulation of cellular protein localization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular protein localization. Cellular protein localization is any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location and encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 positive regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein localisation GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular protein localization GOC:TermGenie activation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie up regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie upregulation of channel localizer activity GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport. pr 2015-02-25T13:52:25Z biological_process GO:1903959 regulation of anion transmembrane transport Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport. pr 2015-02-25T13:52:35Z down regulation of anion transmembrane transport down-regulation of anion transmembrane transport downregulation of anion transmembrane transport inhibition of anion transmembrane transport biological_process GO:1903960 negative regulation of anion transmembrane transport Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 down regulation of anion transmembrane transport GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of anion transmembrane transport GOC:TermGenie downregulation of anion transmembrane transport GOC:TermGenie inhibition of anion transmembrane transport GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport. pr 2015-02-25T13:52:44Z up regulation of anion transmembrane transport up-regulation of anion transmembrane transport upregulation of anion transmembrane transport activation of anion transmembrane transport biological_process GO:1903961 positive regulation of anion transmembrane transport Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anion transmembrane transport. GOC:TermGenie GOC:vw GO_REF:0000058 up regulation of anion transmembrane transport GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of anion transmembrane transport GOC:TermGenie upregulation of anion transmembrane transport GOC:TermGenie activation of anion transmembrane transport GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. sl 2015-03-05T20:40:22Z regulation of eating behaviour biological_process GO:1903998 regulation of eating behavior Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11961051 regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. sl 2015-03-05T20:40:28Z down regulation of eating behavior down regulation of eating behaviour down-regulation of eating behavior down-regulation of eating behaviour downregulation of eating behavior downregulation of eating behaviour negative regulation of eating behaviour inhibition of eating behavior inhibition of eating behaviour biological_process GO:1903999 negative regulation of eating behavior Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11961051 down regulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie down regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie downregulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie downregulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie inhibition of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie inhibition of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. sl 2015-03-05T20:40:35Z positive regulation of eating behaviour up regulation of eating behavior up regulation of eating behaviour up-regulation of eating behavior up-regulation of eating behaviour upregulation of eating behavior upregulation of eating behaviour activation of eating behavior activation of eating behaviour biological_process GO:1904000 positive regulation of eating behavior Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:11961051 positive regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie up regulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie up regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie upregulation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie upregulation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie activation of eating behavior GOC:TermGenie activation of eating behaviour GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. sl 2015-03-06T22:17:04Z up regulation of vasculature development up-regulation of vasculature development upregulation of vasculature development activation of vasculature development biological_process activation of vascular system development positive regulation of vascular system development up regulation of vascular system development up-regulation of vascular system development upregulation of vascular system development GO:1904018 positive regulation of vasculature development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:21472453 up regulation of vasculature development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of vasculature development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of vasculature development GOC:TermGenie activation of vasculature development GOC:TermGenie activation of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of vascular system development GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. sl 2015-03-18T20:33:57Z down regulation of nociception down regulation of sensory perception of pain down-regulation of nociception down-regulation of sensory perception of pain downregulation of nociception downregulation of sensory perception of pain negative regulation of nociception down regulation of perception of physiological pain down-regulation of perception of physiological pain downregulation of perception of physiological pain inhibition of nociception inhibition of perception of physiological pain inhibition of sensory perception of pain negative regulation of perception of physiological pain biological_process GO:1904057 negative regulation of sensory perception of pain Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17167094 down regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie down regulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie downregulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie down regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie downregulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie inhibition of nociception GOC:TermGenie inhibition of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. sl 2015-03-18T20:34:03Z positive regulation of nociception up regulation of nociception up regulation of sensory perception of pain up-regulation of nociception up-regulation of sensory perception of pain upregulation of nociception upregulation of sensory perception of pain activation of nociception activation of perception of physiological pain activation of sensory perception of pain positive regulation of perception of physiological pain up regulation of perception of physiological pain up-regulation of perception of physiological pain upregulation of perception of physiological pain biological_process GO:1904058 positive regulation of sensory perception of pain Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17167094 positive regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie up regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nociception GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie activation of nociception GOC:TermGenie activation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie activation of sensory perception of pain GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie up regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie upregulation of perception of physiological pain GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm. sl 2015-03-18T20:38:52Z regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm biological_process GO:1904059 regulation of locomotor rhythm Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16310969 regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm. sl 2015-03-18T20:38:58Z down regulation of locomotor rhythm down-regulation of locomotor rhythm downregulation of locomotor rhythm down regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm down-regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm downregulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm inhibition of circadian locomotor activity rhythm inhibition of locomotor rhythm negative regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm biological_process GO:1904060 negative regulation of locomotor rhythm Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16310969 down regulation of locomotor rhythm GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of locomotor rhythm GOC:TermGenie downregulation of locomotor rhythm GOC:TermGenie down regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie downregulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie inhibition of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie inhibition of locomotor rhythm GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm. sl 2015-03-18T20:39:03Z up regulation of locomotor rhythm up-regulation of locomotor rhythm upregulation of locomotor rhythm activation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm activation of locomotor rhythm positive regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm up regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm up-regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm upregulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm biological_process GO:1904061 positive regulation of locomotor rhythm Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16310969 up regulation of locomotor rhythm GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of locomotor rhythm GOC:TermGenie upregulation of locomotor rhythm GOC:TermGenie activation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie activation of locomotor rhythm GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie up regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie upregulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie Any G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in social behavior. kmv 2015-03-20T01:51:10Z G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behavior G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behaviour G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behavior G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behaviour G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in social behavior G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in social behaviour G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behavior G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behaviour G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in social behavior G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in social behaviour G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in social behavior G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in social behaviour G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behavior G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behaviour G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behavior G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behaviour GPCR signaling pathway involved in social behavior GPCR signaling pathway involved in social behaviour GPCR signalling pathway involved in social behavior GPCR signalling pathway involved in social behaviour biological_process G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in cooperative behavior G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GPCR signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GPCR signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GO:1904068 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in social behavior Any G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway that is involved in social behavior. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000060 pmid:22665789 G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behavior GOC:TermGenie G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behaviour GOC:TermGenie G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behavior GOC:TermGenie G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behaviour GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in social behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in social behaviour GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behaviour GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in social behaviour GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in social behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in social behaviour GOC:TermGenie G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in social behaviour GOC:TermGenie G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in social behaviour GOC:TermGenie GPCR signaling pathway involved in social behavior GOC:TermGenie GPCR signaling pathway involved in social behaviour GOC:TermGenie GPCR signalling pathway involved in social behavior GOC:TermGenie GPCR signalling pathway involved in social behaviour GOC:TermGenie G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GOC:TermGenie G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction involved in cooperative behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein coupled receptor signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GOC:TermGenie G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GOC:TermGenie GPCR signaling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GOC:TermGenie GPCR signalling pathway involved in cooperative behavior GOC:TermGenie Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in neuron differentiation. kmv 2015-03-24T20:15:59Z activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in neuron differentiation stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation biological_process activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in neuron differentiation positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in neuron differentiation up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GO:1904081 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in neuron differentiation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000060 PMID:24353061 activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of gene-specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in neuron differentiation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. bhm 2015-03-26T16:41:32Z regulation of autophagic death regulation of programmed cell death by autophagy regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy biological_process regulation of type II programmed cell death GO:1904092 regulation of autophagic cell death Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25736836 regulation of autophagic death GOC:TermGenie regulation of programmed cell death by autophagy GOC:TermGenie regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. bhm 2015-03-26T16:41:39Z down regulation of autophagic cell death down regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy down-regulation of autophagic cell death down-regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy downregulation of autophagic cell death downregulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy negative regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy inhibition of autophagic cell death inhibition of programmed cell death by macroautophagy biological_process down regulation of type II programmed cell death down-regulation of type II programmed cell death downregulation of type II programmed cell death inhibition of type II programmed cell death negative regulation of type II programmed cell death GO:1904093 negative regulation of autophagic cell death Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25736836 down regulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie down regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie downregulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie downregulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie inhibition of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie inhibition of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie down regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie downregulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie inhibition of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. bhm 2015-03-26T16:41:45Z positive regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy up regulation of autophagic cell death up regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy up-regulation of autophagic cell death up-regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy upregulation of autophagic cell death upregulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy activation of autophagic cell death activation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy biological_process activation of type II programmed cell death positive regulation of type II programmed cell death up regulation of type II programmed cell death up-regulation of type II programmed cell death upregulation of type II programmed cell death GO:1904094 positive regulation of autophagic cell death Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic cell death. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25736836 positive regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie up regulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie up regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie upregulation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie upregulation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie activation of autophagic cell death GOC:TermGenie activation of programmed cell death by macroautophagy GOC:TermGenie activation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie up regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie upregulation of type II programmed cell death GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. als 2015-04-23T09:32:19Z regulation of cell blebbing biological_process GO:1904170 regulation of bleb assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:als GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25651887 regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. als 2015-04-23T09:32:25Z down regulation of bleb assembly down regulation of cell blebbing down-regulation of bleb assembly down-regulation of cell blebbing downregulation of bleb assembly downregulation of cell blebbing negative regulation of cell blebbing inhibition of bleb assembly inhibition of cell blebbing biological_process GO:1904171 negative regulation of bleb assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:als GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25651887 down regulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie downregulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie inhibition of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. als 2015-04-23T09:32:31Z positive regulation of cell blebbing up regulation of bleb assembly up regulation of cell blebbing up-regulation of bleb assembly up-regulation of cell blebbing upregulation of bleb assembly upregulation of cell blebbing activation of bleb assembly activation of cell blebbing biological_process GO:1904172 positive regulation of bleb assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:als GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25651887 positive regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie up regulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie upregulation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie activation of bleb assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of cell blebbing GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. sl 2015-06-25T19:40:42Z regulation of secretory granule organisation biological_process regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GO:1904409 regulation of secretory granule organization Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15039777 regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. sl 2015-06-25T19:40:49Z down regulation of secretory granule organisation down regulation of secretory granule organization down-regulation of secretory granule organisation down-regulation of secretory granule organization downregulation of secretory granule organisation downregulation of secretory granule organization negative regulation of secretory granule organisation inhibition of secretory granule organisation inhibition of secretory granule organization biological_process down regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis down-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis downregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis inhibition of secretory granule organization and biogenesis negative regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GO:1904410 negative regulation of secretory granule organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15039777 down regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. sl 2015-06-25T19:40:55Z positive regulation of secretory granule organisation up regulation of secretory granule organisation up regulation of secretory granule organization up-regulation of secretory granule organisation up-regulation of secretory granule organization upregulation of secretory granule organisation upregulation of secretory granule organization activation of secretory granule organisation activation of secretory granule organization biological_process activation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis positive regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis up regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis up-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis upregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GO:1904411 positive regulation of secretory granule organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:15039777 positive regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie activation of secretory granule organisation GOC:TermGenie activation of secretory granule organization GOC:TermGenie activation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of secretory granule organization and biogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus. sl 2015-08-28T14:01:31Z response to glucosides biological_process GO:1904631 response to glucoside Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucoside stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000071 PMID:16842873 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste. mr 2015-09-04T17:54:10Z regulation of bitter taste perception biological_process GO:1904660 regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:1716172 regulation of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste. mr 2015-09-04T17:54:17Z down regulation of bitter taste perception down regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste down-regulation of bitter taste perception down-regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste downregulation of bitter taste perception downregulation of sensory perception of bitter taste negative regulation of bitter taste perception inhibition of bitter taste perception inhibition of sensory perception of bitter taste biological_process GO:1904661 negative regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:1716172 down regulation of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie down regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste GOC:TermGenie downregulation of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie downregulation of sensory perception of bitter taste GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie inhibition of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie inhibition of sensory perception of bitter taste GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste. mr 2015-09-04T17:54:22Z positive regulation of bitter taste perception up regulation of bitter taste perception up regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste up-regulation of bitter taste perception up-regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste upregulation of bitter taste perception upregulation of sensory perception of bitter taste activation of bitter taste perception activation of sensory perception of bitter taste biological_process GO:1904662 positive regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of bitter taste. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mr GO_REF:0000058 PMID:1716172 positive regulation of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie up regulation of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie up regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of sensory perception of bitter taste GOC:TermGenie upregulation of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie upregulation of sensory perception of bitter taste GOC:TermGenie activation of bitter taste perception GOC:TermGenie activation of sensory perception of bitter taste GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. rph 2015-09-14T08:47:22Z regulation of somatic stem cell renewal biological_process GO:1904675 regulation of somatic stem cell division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19409607 regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. rph 2015-09-14T08:47:28Z down regulation of somatic stem cell division down regulation of somatic stem cell renewal down-regulation of somatic stem cell division down-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal downregulation of somatic stem cell division downregulation of somatic stem cell renewal negative regulation of somatic stem cell renewal inhibition of somatic stem cell division inhibition of somatic stem cell renewal biological_process GO:1904676 negative regulation of somatic stem cell division Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19409607 down regulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie down regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie downregulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie downregulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie inhibition of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie inhibition of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. rph 2015-09-14T08:47:34Z positive regulation of somatic stem cell renewal up regulation of somatic stem cell division up regulation of somatic stem cell renewal up-regulation of somatic stem cell division up-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal upregulation of somatic stem cell division upregulation of somatic stem cell renewal activation of somatic stem cell division activation of somatic stem cell renewal biological_process GO:1904677 positive regulation of somatic stem cell division Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell division. GOC:BHF GOC:BHF_miRNA GOC:TermGenie GOC:rph GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19409607 positive regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie up regulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie up regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie upregulation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie upregulation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie activation of somatic stem cell division GOC:TermGenie activation of somatic stem cell renewal GOC:TermGenie The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Atg1/UKL1 kinase complex. dph 2015-10-19T12:33:08Z ATG1 kinase complex assembly ATG1 kinase complex formation ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly ATG1-ATG13 complex formation ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation Atg1p signalling complex assembly Atg1p signalling complex formation ULK1 signaling complex assembly ULK1 signaling complex formation ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation biological_process GO:1904745 Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an Atg1/UKL1 kinase complex. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dph GO_REF:0000079 PMID:25139988 ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. es 2015-10-19T14:12:27Z down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure biological_process down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GO:1904746 U4PR86 in PMID:22801495 inferred from mutant phenotype negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22801495 down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. es 2015-10-19T14:12:34Z positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic process involved in development activation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development activation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure biological_process activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development activation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GO:1904747 U4PR86 in PMID:22801495 inferred from mutant phenotype positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22801495 positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie activation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. es 2015-10-19T15:02:28Z regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure biological_process regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GO:1904748 Q10943 in PMID:22801495, inferred from mutant phenotype regulation of apoptotic process involved in development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22801495 regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic process involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic process involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of programmed cell death by apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of activation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis signaling involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic program involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptotic program involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of type I programmed cell death involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of apoptosis activator activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of commitment to apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis by p53 involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of induction of apoptosis involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in anatomical structure development GOC:TermGenie regulation of signaling (initiator) caspase activity involved in development of an anatomical structure GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. mec 2016-02-05T09:59:24Z down regulation of establishment of protein localisation down regulation of establishment of protein localization down regulation of protein positioning down regulation of protein recruitment down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation down-regulation of establishment of protein localization down-regulation of protein positioning down-regulation of protein recruitment downregulation of establishment of protein localisation downregulation of establishment of protein localization downregulation of protein positioning downregulation of protein recruitment negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation negative regulation of protein positioning negative regulation of protein recruitment inhibition of establishment of protein localisation inhibition of establishment of protein localization inhibition of protein positioning inhibition of protein recruitment biological_process GO:1904950 negative regulation of establishment of protein localization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22761445 down regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie down regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie downregulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie downregulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie inhibition of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie inhibition of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. mec 2016-02-05T09:59:32Z positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation positive regulation of protein positioning positive regulation of protein recruitment up regulation of establishment of protein localisation up regulation of establishment of protein localization up regulation of protein positioning up regulation of protein recruitment up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation up-regulation of establishment of protein localization up-regulation of protein positioning up-regulation of protein recruitment upregulation of establishment of protein localisation upregulation of establishment of protein localization upregulation of protein positioning upregulation of protein recruitment activation of establishment of protein localisation activation of establishment of protein localization activation of protein positioning activation of protein recruitment biological_process GO:1904951 positive regulation of establishment of protein localization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of protein localization. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:22761445 positive regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie up regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie up regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie upregulation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie upregulation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie activation of establishment of protein localisation GOC:TermGenie activation of establishment of protein localization GOC:TermGenie activation of protein positioning GOC:TermGenie activation of protein recruitment GOC:TermGenie A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an autophagosome. bf 2016-03-08T14:18:10Z autophagic vacuole organization biological_process initial autophagic vacuole organization GO:1905037 autophagosome organization A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an autophagosome. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf PMID:22186024 autophagic vacuole organization GOC:TermGenie initial autophagic vacuole organization GOC:TermGenie The process in which carboxylic acid is transported across a membrane. vw 2016-03-09T15:33:53Z biological_process GO:1905039 carboxylic acid transmembrane transport The process in which carboxylic acid is transported across a membrane. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000069 PMID:10869563 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus. dw 2016-04-08T12:36:39Z biological_process GO:1905119 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to haloperidol Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a haloperidol stimulus. GOC:TermGenie GOC:dw GO_REF:0000071 PMID:24751813 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. bf 2016-04-18T15:43:54Z biological_process GO:1905153 regulation of membrane invagination Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26589353 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. bf 2016-04-18T15:44:04Z down regulation of membrane invagination down-regulation of membrane invagination downregulation of membrane invagination inhibition of membrane invagination biological_process GO:1905154 negative regulation of membrane invagination Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26589353 down regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie downregulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie inhibition of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. bf 2016-04-18T15:44:12Z up regulation of membrane invagination up-regulation of membrane invagination upregulation of membrane invagination activation of membrane invagination biological_process GO:1905155 positive regulation of membrane invagination Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bf GO_REF:0000058 up regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie upregulation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie activation of membrane invagination GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. vw 2016-06-03T08:41:08Z biological_process GO:1905213 negative regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23219725 The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone. pr 2016-08-04T14:49:43Z cilial transition zone assembly cilial transition zone formation ciliary transition zone formation cilium transition zone assembly cilium transition zone formation biological_process GO:1905349 ciliary transition zone assembly The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ciliary transition zone. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GO_REF:0000079 PMID:21725307 PMID:23644468 PMID:24448408 PMID:26595381 PMID:26982032 cilial transition zone assembly GOC:TermGenie cilial transition zone formation GOC:TermGenie ciliary transition zone formation GOC:TermGenie cilium transition zone assembly GOC:TermGenie cilium transition zone formation GOC:TermGenie The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium (aka flagellum) that contributes to the movement of a flagellated sperm. krc 2016-09-01T17:52:39Z GO:0097724 sperm flagellum movement sperm flagellum movement involved in flagellated sperm movement biological_process GO:1905419 sperm flagellum movement involved in flagellated sperm motility The directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium (aka flagellum) that contributes to the movement of a flagellated sperm. GOC:TermGenie GOC:cilia GOC:krc GO_REF:0000060 PMID:26680031 sperm flagellum movement GOC:cilia GOC:krc sperm flagellum movement involved in flagellated sperm movement GOC:TermGenie Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in positive regulation of cell growth. dph 2016-09-07T18:15:01Z intracellular signal transduction involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction involved in upregulation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in positive regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in upregulation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction involved in activation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction involved in stimulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in activation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in activation of cell growth intracellular signaling chain involved in stimulation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in activation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth biological_process intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in activation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth intracellular signaling pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GO:1905427 intracellular signal transduction involved in positive regulation of cell growth Any intracellular signal transduction that is involved in positive regulation of cell growth. GOC:TermGenie GOC:al GOC:vw GO_REF:0000060 PMID:15917811 intracellular signal transduction involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signal transduction pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling chain involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie protein kinase cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transmission via intracellular cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie intracellular signaling pathway involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in activation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in positive regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in stimulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in up-regulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie signal transduction via intracellular signaling cascade involved in upregulation of cell growth GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fertilization. pr 2016-09-30T14:32:32Z positive regulation of syngamy up regulation of fertilization up regulation of syngamy up-regulation of fertilization up-regulation of syngamy upregulation of fertilization upregulation of syngamy activation of fertilization activation of syngamy biological_process GO:1905516 positive regulation of fertilization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fertilization. GOC:TermGenie GOC:hbye GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27564576 positive regulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie up regulation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie up regulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie upregulation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie upregulation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie activation of fertilization GOC:TermGenie activation of syngamy GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA methylation. bc 2016-11-04T16:43:13Z down regulation of DNA methylation down-regulation of DNA methylation downregulation of DNA methylation inhibition of DNA methylation biological_process GO:1905642 negative regulation of DNA methylation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA methylation. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27336847 down regulation of DNA methylation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of DNA methylation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of DNA methylation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of DNA methylation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA methylation. bc 2016-11-04T16:43:22Z up regulation of DNA methylation up-regulation of DNA methylation upregulation of DNA methylation activation of DNA methylation biological_process GO:1905643 positive regulation of DNA methylation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA methylation. GOC:PARL GOC:TermGenie GOC:bc GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27336847 up regulation of DNA methylation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of DNA methylation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of DNA methylation GOC:TermGenie activation of DNA methylation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. bmeldal 2017-01-13T14:13:44Z positive regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation positive regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation up regulation of chromosome condensation up regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation up regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation up-regulation of chromosome condensation up-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation up-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation upregulation of chromosome condensation upregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation upregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation activation of chromosome condensation activation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation activation of nuclear chromosome condensation biological_process GO:1905821 positive regulation of chromosome condensation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:17268547 positive regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of eukaryotic chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie activation of nuclear chromosome condensation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly. hbye 2017-01-17T10:26:37Z down regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis down regulation of bipolar spindle formation down regulation of spindle assembly down regulation of spindle biosynthesis down regulation of spindle formation down-regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis down-regulation of bipolar spindle formation down-regulation of spindle assembly down-regulation of spindle biosynthesis down-regulation of spindle formation downregulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis downregulation of bipolar spindle formation downregulation of spindle assembly downregulation of spindle biosynthesis downregulation of spindle formation negative regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis negative regulation of bipolar spindle formation negative regulation of spindle biosynthesis negative regulation of spindle formation inhibition of bipolar spindle biosynthesis inhibition of bipolar spindle formation inhibition of spindle assembly inhibition of spindle biosynthesis inhibition of spindle formation biological_process GO:1905831 negative regulation of spindle assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27689799 down regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly. hbye 2017-01-17T10:26:46Z positive regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis positive regulation of bipolar spindle formation positive regulation of spindle biosynthesis positive regulation of spindle formation up regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis up regulation of bipolar spindle formation up regulation of spindle assembly up regulation of spindle biosynthesis up regulation of spindle formation up-regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis up-regulation of bipolar spindle formation up-regulation of spindle assembly up-regulation of spindle biosynthesis up-regulation of spindle formation upregulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis upregulation of bipolar spindle formation upregulation of spindle assembly upregulation of spindle biosynthesis upregulation of spindle formation activation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis activation of bipolar spindle formation activation of spindle assembly activation of spindle biosynthesis activation of spindle formation biological_process GO:1905832 positive regulation of spindle assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spindle assembly. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:27689799 positive regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie activation of bipolar spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of bipolar spindle formation GOC:TermGenie activation of spindle assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of spindle biosynthesis GOC:TermGenie activation of spindle formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. rozaru 2017-01-19T10:24:39Z biological_process regulation of cellular response to gamma ray regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GO:1905843 regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23505386 regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. rozaru 2017-01-19T10:24:48Z down regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation down-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation downregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation inhibition of cellular response to gamma radiation biological_process down regulation of cellular response to gamma ray down regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon down-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray down-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon downregulation of cellular response to gamma ray downregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon inhibition of cellular response to gamma ray inhibition of cellular response to gamma-ray photon negative regulation of cellular response to gamma ray negative regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GO:1905844 negative regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23505386 down regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie down regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie downregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie inhibition of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. rozaru 2017-01-19T10:24:57Z up regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation up-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation upregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation activation of cellular response to gamma radiation biological_process activation of cellular response to gamma ray activation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon positive regulation of cellular response to gamma ray positive regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon up regulation of cellular response to gamma ray up regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon up-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray up-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon upregulation of cellular response to gamma ray upregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GO:1905845 positive regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to gamma radiation. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:23505386 up regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to gamma radiation GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie activation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie up regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to gamma ray GOC:TermGenie upregulation of cellular response to gamma-ray photon GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly. paolaroncaglia 2017-01-26T13:23:26Z regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation biological_process GO:1905864 regulation of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:autophagy GOC:mf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26567215 regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly. paolaroncaglia 2017-01-26T13:23:35Z down regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly down regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation down regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly down regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation down regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly down regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation down regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly down regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation down-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly down-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation down-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly down-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation down-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly down-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation down-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly down-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation downregulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly downregulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation downregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly downregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation downregulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly downregulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation downregulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly downregulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation negative regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly negative regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation negative regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly negative regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation negative regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation negative regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly negative regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation negative regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly negative regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation negative regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly negative regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation inhibition of ATG1 kinase complex assembly inhibition of ATG1 kinase complex formation inhibition of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly inhibition of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation inhibition of Atg1p signalling complex assembly inhibition of Atg1p signalling complex formation inhibition of ULK1 signaling complex assembly inhibition of ULK1 signaling complex formation inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation biological_process GO:1905865 negative regulation of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:autophagy GOC:mf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26567215 down regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly. paolaroncaglia 2017-01-26T13:23:44Z positive regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly positive regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation positive regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly positive regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation positive regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation positive regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly positive regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation positive regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly positive regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation positive regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly positive regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation up regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly up regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation up regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly up regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation up regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly up regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation up regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly up regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation up-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly up-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation up-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly up-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation up-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly up-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation up-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly up-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation upregulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly upregulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation upregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly upregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation upregulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly upregulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation upregulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly upregulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation activation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly activation of ATG1 kinase complex formation activation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly activation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation activation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly activation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation activation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly activation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation activation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly activation of Atg1p signalling complex formation activation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly activation of ULK1 signaling complex formation activation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly activation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation activation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly activation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation biological_process GO:1905866 positive regulation of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly. GOC:TermGenie GOC:autophagy GOC:mf GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26567215 positive regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie positive regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie activation of ATG1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of ATG1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie activation of ATG1-ATG13 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of ATG1-ATG13 complex formation GOC:TermGenie activation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of ATG1/ULK1 kinase complex formation GOC:TermGenie activation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of ATG1/ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie activation of Atg1p signalling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of Atg1p signalling complex formation GOC:TermGenie activation of ULK1 signaling complex assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of ULK1 signaling complex formation GOC:TermGenie activation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of ULK1-ATG13-FIP200 complex formation GOC:TermGenie activation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex assembly GOC:TermGenie activation of ULK1-ATG13-RB1CC1 complex formation GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. hbye 2017-01-31T09:31:05Z regulation of ovum development biological_process GO:1905879 regulation of oogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26434723 regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. hbye 2017-01-31T09:31:15Z down regulation of oogenesis down regulation of ovum development down-regulation of oogenesis down-regulation of ovum development downregulation of oogenesis downregulation of ovum development negative regulation of ovum development inhibition of oogenesis inhibition of ovum development biological_process GO:1905880 negative regulation of oogenesis Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26434723 down regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie down regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie down-regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie downregulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie downregulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie negative regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie inhibition of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie inhibition of ovum development GOC:TermGenie Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. hbye 2017-01-31T09:31:23Z positive regulation of ovum development up regulation of oogenesis up regulation of ovum development up-regulation of oogenesis up-regulation of ovum development upregulation of oogenesis upregulation of ovum development activation of oogenesis activation of ovum development biological_process GO:1905881 positive regulation of oogenesis Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:26434723 positive regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie up regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie up regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie up-regulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie upregulation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie upregulation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie activation of oogenesis GOC:TermGenie activation of ovum development GOC:TermGenie Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temozolomide stimulus. pr 2013-02-22T10:09:44Z biological_process GO:1990054 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct manual annotation of gene products. It was created to be used for cross-referencing by other ontologies. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to temozolomide Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temozolomide stimulus. GOC:hp The process by which a callus is formed at a wound site. A plant callus is a portion of plant tissue that consists of mass of undifferentiated plant cells. It consists primarily of parenchyma cells but possibly contains other cell types as the callus begins to differentiate. tb 2013-05-29T22:02:52Z biological_process GO:1990110 callus formation The process by which a callus is formed at a wound site. A plant callus is a portion of plant tissue that consists of mass of undifferentiated plant cells. It consists primarily of parenchyma cells but possibly contains other cell types as the callus begins to differentiate. ISBN:0070187517 Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. ml 2013-10-10T15:42:22Z biological_process GO:1990215 negative regulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport Any process in which an organism stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular transport in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. PMID:22319451 The process by which the rods of the retina gradually become fully responsive to dim light when no longer exposed to bright light. hjd 2015-01-09T20:35:46Z biological_process GO:1990603 The proteins RGS9-1 and Gb5L localize to the rod inner segment during dark adaptation, but to the rod outer segment during light adaptation. PMID:23555598 dark adaptation The process by which the rods of the retina gradually become fully responsive to dim light when no longer exposed to bright light. GOC:hjd ISBN:0198506732 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11525/ The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug. sl 2015-03-18T20:28:59Z biological_process GO:1990708 conditioned place preference The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug. PMID:21549821 A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules. pr 2015-11-19T12:26:37Z GO:0030529 GO:1990903 Wikipedia:Ribonucleoprotein RNA-protein complex RNP protein-RNA complex ribonucleoprotein complex extracellular ribonucleoprotein complex intracellular ribonucleoprotein complex cellular_component GO:1990904 ribonucleoprotein complex A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules. GOC:vesicles Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. tanyaberardini 2010-08-05T11:25:59Z biological_process GO:2000026 regulation of multicellular organismal development Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. tanyaberardini 2010-08-05T11:26:27Z biological_process regulation of histogenesis and organogenesis GO:2000027 regulation of animal organ morphogenesis Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. GOC:obol regulation of histogenesis and organogenesis GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to red or far red light. tanyaberardini 2010-08-05T11:30:10Z biological_process GO:2000030 regulation of response to red or far red light Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to red or far red light. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division. tanyaberardini 2010-08-05T11:34:53Z regulation of stem cell renewal biological_process GO:2000035 regulation of stem cell division Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell division. GOC:obol regulation of stem cell renewal GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation. tanyaberardini 2010-08-23T11:32:32Z regulation of response to dehydration regulation of response to drought regulation of response to thirst biological_process regulation of drought tolerance GO:2000070 regulation of response to water deprivation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to water deprivation. GOC:obol regulation of response to dehydration GOC:obol regulation of response to drought GOC:obol regulation of response to thirst GOC:obol regulation of drought tolerance GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. tanyaberardini 2010-09-15T08:55:45Z regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis regulation of cellular macromolecule formation regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis biological_process GO:2000112 regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. GOC:obol regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process GOC:obol regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism GOC:obol regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis GOC:obol regulation of cellular macromolecule formation GOC:obol regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. tanyaberardini 2010-09-15T08:55:48Z negative regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis negative regulation of cellular macromolecule formation negative regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis biological_process GO:2000113 negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process. GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular macromolecule anabolism GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular macromolecule biosynthesis GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular macromolecule formation GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular macromolecule synthesis GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. midori 2010-10-01T09:41:21Z regulation of cell locomotion regulation of movement of a cell biological_process regulation of cell movement GO:2000145 regulation of cell motility Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. GOC:mah regulation of cell locomotion GOC:obol regulation of movement of a cell GOC:obol regulation of cell movement GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. midori 2010-10-01T09:41:26Z negative regulation of cell locomotion negative regulation of movement of a cell biological_process negative regulation of cell movement GO:2000146 negative regulation of cell motility Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. GOC:mah negative regulation of cell locomotion GOC:obol negative regulation of movement of a cell GOC:obol negative regulation of cell movement GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. midori 2010-10-01T09:41:30Z positive regulation of cell locomotion positive regulation of movement of a cell biological_process positive regulation of cell movement GO:2000147 positive regulation of cell motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. GOC:mah positive regulation of cell locomotion GOC:obol positive regulation of movement of a cell GOC:obol positive regulation of cell movement GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. midori 2010-10-04T12:41:05Z biological_process positive regulation of ciliary cell motility GO:2000155 positive regulation of cilium-dependent cell motility Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. GOC:cilia GOC:jl Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis. dph 2010-10-13T12:46:31Z biological_process GO:2000181 negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood vessel morphogenesis. GOC:dph GOC:yaf Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. midori 2010-11-10T02:44:02Z biological_process GO:2000241 regulation of reproductive process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. midori 2010-11-10T02:44:05Z biological_process GO:2000242 negative regulation of reproductive process Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. midori 2010-11-10T02:44:08Z biological_process GO:2000243 positive regulation of reproductive process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. yaf 2010-11-18T11:24:14Z negative regulation of behavioral response to food negative regulation of behavioural response to food negative regulation of feeding behaviour biological_process negative regulation of drinking negative regulation of eating GO:2000252 negative regulation of feeding behavior Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. GOC:obol negative regulation of behavioral response to food GOC:obol negative regulation of behavioural response to food GOC:obol negative regulation of feeding behaviour GOC:obol negative regulation of drinking GOC:obol negative regulation of eating GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. yaf 2010-11-18T11:24:18Z positive regulation of behavioral response to food positive regulation of behavioural response to food positive regulation of feeding behaviour biological_process positive regulation of drinking positive regulation of eating GO:2000253 positive regulation of feeding behavior Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior. GOC:obol positive regulation of behavioral response to food GOC:obol positive regulation of behavioural response to food GOC:obol positive regulation of feeding behaviour GOC:obol positive regulation of drinking GOC:obol positive regulation of eating GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. rfoulger 2010-12-02T09:28:47Z negative regulation of receptor activity biological_process GO:2000272 negative regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling receptor activity. GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity. rfoulger 2010-12-02T09:28:50Z biological_process GO:2000273 positive regulation of signaling receptor activity Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling receptor activity. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. yaf 2011-05-10T01:40:41Z regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus biological_process GO:2000683 regulation of cellular response to X-ray Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. GOC:obol regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. yaf 2011-05-10T01:40:45Z negative regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus biological_process GO:2000684 negative regulation of cellular response to X-ray Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. yaf 2011-05-10T01:40:49Z positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus biological_process GO:2000685 positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to X-ray. GOC:obol positive regulation of cellular response to X-ray radiation stimulus GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly. rl 2011-06-24T11:19:08Z regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis regulation of autophagosome formation biological_process regulation of PAS formation regulation of autophagic vacuole formation GO:2000785 regulation of autophagosome assembly Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome assembly. GOC:BHF GOC:autophagy regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly GOC:autophagy regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis GOC:obol regulation of autophagosome formation GOC:obol regulation of PAS formation GOC:obol regulation of autophagic vacuole formation GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic vacuole assembly. rl 2011-06-24T11:19:12Z positive regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly positive regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis positive regulation of autophagosome formation biological_process positive regulation of PAS formation positive regulation of autophagic vacuole formation GO:2000786 positive regulation of autophagosome assembly Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagic vacuole assembly. GOC:BHF GOC:autophagy positive regulation of autophagic vacuole assembly GOC:autophagy positive regulation of autophagosome biosynthesis GOC:obol positive regulation of autophagosome formation GOC:obol positive regulation of PAS formation GOC:obol positive regulation of autophagic vacuole formation GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. yaf 2011-08-19T10:20:25Z regulation of DNA damage response regulation of cellular DNA damage response regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus regulation of response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:2001020 regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. GOC:obol regulation of DNA damage response GOC:obol regulation of cellular DNA damage response GOC:obol regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus GOC:obol regulation of response to genotoxic stress GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. yaf 2011-08-19T10:20:29Z negative regulation of DNA damage response negative regulation of cellular DNA damage response negative regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus negative regulation of response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:2001021 negative regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. GOC:obol negative regulation of DNA damage response GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular DNA damage response GOC:obol negative regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus GOC:obol negative regulation of response to genotoxic stress GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. yaf 2011-08-19T10:20:33Z positive regulation of DNA damage response positive regulation of cellular DNA damage response positive regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus positive regulation of response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:2001022 positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. GOC:obol positive regulation of DNA damage response GOC:obol positive regulation of cellular DNA damage response GOC:obol positive regulation of cellular response to DNA damage stimulus GOC:obol positive regulation of response to genotoxic stress GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. yaf 2011-08-19T01:47:20Z biological_process regulation of drug resistance regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GO:2001023 regulation of response to drug Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. GOC:obol regulation of drug resistance GOC:obol regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. yaf 2011-08-19T01:47:24Z biological_process negative regulation of drug resistance negative regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GO:2001024 negative regulation of response to drug Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. GOC:obol negative regulation of drug resistance GOC:obol negative regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. yaf 2011-08-19T01:47:27Z biological_process positive regulation of drug resistance positive regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GO:2001025 positive regulation of response to drug Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to drug. GOC:obol positive regulation of drug resistance GOC:obol positive regulation of drug susceptibility/resistance GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. dph 2011-10-17T11:36:25Z regulation of RNA anabolism regulation of RNA biosynthesis regulation of RNA formation regulation of RNA synthesis biological_process GO:2001141 regulation of RNA biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process. GOC:dph regulation of RNA anabolism GOC:obol regulation of RNA biosynthesis GOC:obol regulation of RNA formation GOC:obol regulation of RNA synthesis GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process. kmv 2011-10-26T03:18:03Z regulation of ATP anabolism regulation of ATP biosynthesis regulation of ATP formation regulation of ATP synthesis biological_process regulation of ATP regeneration GO:2001169 regulation of ATP biosynthetic process Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process. GOC:obol regulation of ATP anabolism GOC:obol regulation of ATP biosynthesis GOC:obol regulation of ATP formation GOC:obol regulation of ATP synthesis GOC:obol regulation of ATP regeneration GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process. kmv 2011-10-26T03:18:13Z negative regulation of ATP anabolism negative regulation of ATP biosynthesis negative regulation of ATP formation negative regulation of ATP synthesis biological_process negative regulation of ATP regeneration GO:2001170 negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process. GOC:obol negative regulation of ATP anabolism GOC:obol negative regulation of ATP biosynthesis GOC:obol negative regulation of ATP formation GOC:obol negative regulation of ATP synthesis GOC:obol negative regulation of ATP regeneration GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process. kmv 2011-10-26T03:18:26Z positive regulation of ATP anabolism positive regulation of ATP biosynthesis positive regulation of ATP formation positive regulation of ATP synthesis biological_process positive regulation of ATP regeneration GO:2001171 positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ATP biosynthetic process. GOC:obol positive regulation of ATP anabolism GOC:obol positive regulation of ATP biosynthesis GOC:obol positive regulation of ATP formation GOC:obol positive regulation of ATP synthesis GOC:obol positive regulation of ATP regeneration GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. yaf 2011-11-20T04:51:07Z biological_process regulation of response to gamma ray regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GO:2001228 regulation of response to gamma radiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. GOC:obol regulation of response to gamma ray GOC:obol regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GOC:obol Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. yaf 2011-11-20T04:51:14Z biological_process negative regulation of response to gamma ray negative regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GO:2001229 negative regulation of response to gamma radiation Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. GOC:obol negative regulation of response to gamma ray GOC:obol negative regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. yaf 2011-11-20T04:51:17Z biological_process positive regulation of response to gamma ray positive regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GO:2001230 positive regulation of response to gamma radiation Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to gamma radiation. GOC:obol positive regulation of response to gamma ray GOC:obol positive regulation of response to gamma-ray photon GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. pr 2011-11-24T01:20:49Z regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway biological_process GO:2001233 regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. GOC:mtg_apoptosis regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. pr 2011-11-24T01:20:54Z negative regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway biological_process GO:2001234 negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. GOC:mtg_apoptosis negative regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. pr 2011-11-24T01:20:58Z positive regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway biological_process GO:2001235 positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. GOC:mtg_apoptosis positive regulation of apoptotic signalling pathway GOC:mah Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. yaf 2011-12-02T02:01:20Z negative regulation of chromosome organisation biological_process negative regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis negative regulation of maintenance of genome integrity negative regulation of nuclear genome maintenance GO:2001251 negative regulation of chromosome organization Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. GOC:obol negative regulation of chromosome organisation GOC:obol negative regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:obol negative regulation of maintenance of genome integrity GOC:obol negative regulation of nuclear genome maintenance GOC:obol Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. yaf 2011-12-02T02:01:26Z positive regulation of chromosome organisation biological_process positive regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis positive regulation of maintenance of genome integrity positive regulation of nuclear genome maintenance GO:2001252 positive regulation of chromosome organization Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome organization. GOC:obol positive regulation of chromosome organisation GOC:obol positive regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis GOC:obol positive regulation of maintenance of genome integrity GOC:obol positive regulation of nuclear genome maintenance GOC:obol A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. disease A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality (PATO) PATO:0000072 quality PATO:0000001 quality A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. quality PATO:0000004 Should be defined using translocation. mobility A quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. PATOC:GVG A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. PATO:0000020 colour relative color quality PATO:0000014 color A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. PATOC:GVG A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. PATO:0002015 composed of compositionality content structure, composition quality PATO:0000025 For example calcium composition (which may inhere in bone), haemoglobin composition (which may inhere in blood). composition A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. concentration quality PATO:0000033 concentration of A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/concentration A quality that is the extent of space between two entities. quality PATO:0000040 distance A quality that is the extent of space between two entities. PATOC:GVG An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved. quality PATO:0000047 biological sex An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved. MGED:MGED A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. quality PATO:0000051 morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATO:0001647 relational shape quality quality PATO:0000052 Shapes are invariant on size transformations. Shapes can be subdivided into 2D and 3D shapes, We can also make a distinction between shapes of complete self-connected objects, and shapes of parts of objects. shape A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATOC:GVG quality PATO:0000068 TODO: define this or obsolete it and move children somewhere else. qualitative A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. quality PATO:0000069 deviation (from_normal) A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. PATOC:GVG The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. PATO:0000053 PATO:0000071 PATO:0001169 PATO:0001226 presence or absence in organism quantitative quality count in organism number presence PATO:0000070 This term was originally named "presence". It has been renamed to reduce ambiguity. Consider annotating with the reciprocal relation,PATO:0001555, has_number_of. For example, rather than E=fin ray Q=count in organism C=10, say E=organism Q=has number of E2= fin ray C=10. amount The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. quality PATO:0000117 size A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. WordNet:WordNet A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. quality PATO:0000122 length A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. PATOC:GVG A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. quality PATO:0000125 mass A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. quality PATO:0000128 weight A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement which is defined by the angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object. PATO:0000137 angular placement quality amount of rotation angle angular magnitude plane angle PATO:0000133 orientation A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's placement which is defined by the angle between the bearer and an axis, or the angle between the bearer and another object. PATOC:JE A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATO:0001032 PATO:0001631 location placement relational spatial quality quality PATO:0000140 position A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATO:0001452 conformation relational structural quality quality PATO:0000141 structure A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATOC:GVG conformation VT:1000738 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. quality PATO:0000161 rate A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. PATOC:melissa An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. quality PATO:0000169 viability An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. PATOC:GVG A mobility quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. quality PATO:0000299 mobile A mobility quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to move freely. PATOC:GVG A mobility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable to move freely. quality fixed PATO:0000300 immobile A mobility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable to move freely. PATOC:GVG A distance which is greater relative to the normal or average. quality long distance PATO:0000374 increased distance A distance which is greater relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A distance which is lesser relative to the normal or average. quality short distance PATO:0000375 decreased distance A distance which is lesser relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes. quality PATO:0000383 female A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes. MGED:MGED A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. quality PATO:0000384 male A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. MGED:MGED A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having parallel chains in undulate fashion on the border. quality PATO:0000405 curled A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having parallel chains in undulate fashion on the border. PATOC:GVG A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or being marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend. bowing quality curled PATO:0000406 curved A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or being marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend. WordNet:WordNet A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. quality round rounded PATO:0000411 circular A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average. quality aberrant atypia atypical defective PATO:0000460 abnormal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. quality average PATO:0000461 normal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality denoting the lack of an entity. PATO:0001996 absence absent from organism quality PATO:0000462 See documentation here: http://code.google.com/p/phenotype-ontologies/wiki/ModelingOfAbsence absent A quality denoting the lack of an entity. thefreedictionary.:thefreedictionary. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. quality present in organism PATO:0000467 present A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. PATOC:GVG An amount which is relatively high. PATO:0000420 PATO:0000650 increased number present in greater numbers in organism supernumerary quality accessory increased PATO:0000470 increased amount An amount which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A length quality which is relatively large. long quality PATO:0000573 increased length A length quality which is relatively large. PATOC:GVG A length quality which is relatively small. short quality shortened stubby PATO:0000574 decreased length A length quality which is relatively small. PATOC:GVG A weight which is relatively high. heavy high weight quality PATO:0000582 increased weight A weight which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A weight which is relatively low. light weight low weight quality PATO:0000583 decreased weight A weight which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG An increased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting enlargement of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). hypertrophy quality PATO:0000584 hypertrophic An increased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting enlargement of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). PATOC:MAH A decreased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced size of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). PATO:0000412 shrunken quality PATO:0000585 hypotrophic A decreased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced size of a cell or constituent group of cells (for example, organ). PATOC:MAH A size quality which is relatively high. PATO:0001202 quality big enlarged expanded great large PATO:0000586 increased size A size quality which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A size quality which is relatively low. hypoplasia underdeveloped quality reduced small tiny PATO:0000587 decreased size A size quality which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A volume which is relatively high. high volume quality large volume PATO:0000595 increased volume A volume which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A volume which is relatively low. low volume quality small volume PATO:0000596 decreased volume A volume which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A width which is relatively small. quality narrow PATO:0000599 decreased width A width which is relatively small. PATOC:GVG A width which is relatively large. quality broad wide wide/broad PATO:0000600 increased width A width which is relatively large. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer whose structure deteriorates or is lost over time due to an active pathological process. degeneration quality PATO:0000639 degenerate A structural quality inhering in a bearer whose structure deteriorates or is lost over time due to an active pathological process. PATOC:PortlandMeetingFeb2015 PATOC:mb A increased size quality inhering in an organ or tissue by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting increased number of cells. PATO:0000943 hyperplasia quality overdeveloped PATO:0000644 hyperplastic A increased size quality inhering in an organ or tissue by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting increased number of cells. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplastic A decreased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced number of cells within an organ or tissue. PATO:0000942 hypoplasia quality underdeveloped PATO:0000645 hypoplastic A decreased size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting reduced number of cells within an organ or tissue. PATOC:GVG A rate which is relatively low. slow rate quality PATO:0000911 decreased rate A rate which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A rate which is relatively high. fast rate high rate quality PATO:0000912 increased rate A rate which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. quality PATO:0000918 volume A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. PATOC:GVG A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. quality breadth PATO:0000921 width A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sharp or tapered end or point. apiculate quality PATO:0000944 sharpness A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sharp or tapered end or point. PATOC:GVG A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. ellipse-shaped ellipsoid elliptical quality oval ovoid PATO:0000947 elliptic A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. PATOC:GVG A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATO:0002079 Wikipedia:Physical_property relational physical quality quality PATO:0001018 physical quality A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum. force amplitude quality PATO:0001035 force A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of momentum. thesaurus.maths:thesaurus.maths A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting concentration. quality PATO:0001159 concentrated A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting concentration. PATOC:GVG A concentration which is higher relative to the normal or average. high concentration quality PATO:0001162 increased concentration A concentration which is higher relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A concentration which is lower relative to the normal or average. low concentration quality PATO:0001163 decreased concentration A concentration which is lower relative to the normal or average. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel. quality PATO:0001199 linear A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel. ISBN:0881923214 A quality which inheres in an process. PATO:0001239 PATO:0001240 quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent quality PATO:0001236 See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. process quality A quality which inheres in an process. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 snap:Quality monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant quality PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. quality PATO:0001291 electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. quality PATO:0001300 optical quality An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. PATOC:GVG A biological sex quality inhering in an organism or a population with both male and female sexual organs in one individual. intersex quality PATO:0001340 hermaphrodite A biological sex quality inhering in an organism or a population with both male and female sexual organs in one individual. MGED:MGED A shape quality that obtains by virtue of the bearer having inward facing edges; having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere. quality PATO:0001355 convex A shape quality that obtains by virtue of the bearer having inward facing edges; having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere. PATOC:GVG A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's number of homologous sets of chromosomes in the nucleus or primary chromosome-containing compartment of the cell, each set essentially coding for all the biological traits of the organism. quality PATO:0001374 ploidy A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's number of homologous sets of chromosomes in the nucleus or primary chromosome-containing compartment of the cell, each set essentially coding for all the biological traits of the organism. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidy A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing more than two homologous sets of chromosomes. quality PATO:0001377 polyploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing more than two homologous sets of chromosomes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploid A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing three homologous sets of chromosomes. quality PATO:0001381 triploid A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing three homologous sets of chromosomes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triploid A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing four homologous sets of chromosomes. quality PATO:0001382 tetraploid A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing four homologous sets of chromosomes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraploid A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing six homologous sets of chromosomes. quality PATO:0001384 hexaploid A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing six homologous sets of chromosomes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexaploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing an integral multiple of the monoploid number, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes. quality PATO:0001393 euploid A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing an integral multiple of the monoploid number, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euploid A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. quality PATO:0001396 cellular quality A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation. PATOC:GVG A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. quality PATO:0001404 nucleate quality A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of bearer's number of nuclei. PATOC:GVG A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. quality PATO:0001405 anucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having no nucleus. Biology-online:Biology-online A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. quality PATO:0001406 binucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two nuclei. Biology-online:Biology-online A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. quality PATO:0001407 mononucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one nucleus. Biology-online:Biology-online A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having thin, tail-like projections extending outwards from the cell body. quality PATO:0001408 ciliatedness A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having thin, tail-like projections extending outwards from the cell body. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliated A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's terminating in a point or edge. quality PATO:0001419 sharp A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's terminating in a point or edge. PATOC:GVG A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's condition before death. quality PATO:0001421 alive A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's condition before death. PATOC:GVG A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. quality PATO:0001422 dead A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. PATOC:GVG A structural quality which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits an excessive accumulation of extracellular fluid. edemic oedematous oedemic edema oedema quality PATO:0001450 edematous A structural quality which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits an excessive accumulation of extracellular fluid. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A position which is relatively high. quality high position PATO:0001475 increased position A position which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A positional which is relatively low. quality low position PATO:0001476 decreased position A positional which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. OBO_REL:has_part extra or missing physical or functional parts has or lacks parts of type mereological quality number of quality cardinality number PATO:0001555 has number of The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. PATOC:CJM A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a processual part as specified by the additional entity. quality PATO:0001558 lacking processual parts A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a processual part as specified by the additional entity. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having additional processual parts. having supernumerary processual parts quality PATO:0001561 having extra processual parts A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having additional processual parts. PATOC:GVG A mass which is lower than normal or average. PATO:0000579 low mass small mass quality PATO:0001562 decreased mass A mass which is lower than normal or average. PATO:GVG A mass which is higher than normal or average. PATO:0000578 high mass large mass quality PATO:0001563 increased mass A mass which is higher than normal or average. PATO:GVG A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processual parts. quality PATO:0001564 extra or missing processual parts A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processual parts. PATOC:GVG A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. quality PATO:0001591 curvature A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. WordNet:WordNet A curvature which is relatively high. quality PATO:0001592 increased curvature A curvature which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A curvature which is relatively low. quality PATO:0001593 decreased curvature A curvature which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. 1-D size quality PATO:0001708 1-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. PATOC:GVG A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. 3D size quality PATO:0001710 3-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. PATOC:GVG A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation. quality PATO:0001739 radiation quality A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting disturbance of its smoothness or regularity. quality PATO:0001799 ruffled A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting disturbance of its smoothness or regularity. .thefreedictionary.com:.thefreedictionary.com A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. quality PATO:0001857 concave A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. WordNet:WordNet A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being abnormal and having a destructive effect on living tissue. quality PATO:0001869 pathological A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being abnormal and having a destructive effect on living tissue. PATOC:cjm A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having three angles. deltoid quality delta shaped triangle triangle-shaped PATO:0001875 triangular A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having three angles. wordreference:wordreference An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics. quality PATO:0001894 phenotypic sex A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. quality PATO:0001908 multinucleate A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having more than one nucleus. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrowly triangular, wider at the apex and tapering toward the base. wedge-shaped quality PATO:0001955 cuneate A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrowly triangular, wider at the apex and tapering toward the base. wordreference:wordreference An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. quality PATO:0001992 cellularity An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. PATOC:GVG A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. quality PATO:0001993 multicellular A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. PATOC:GVG A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. quality PATO:0001995 organismal quality A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. PATOC:CJM An amount which is relatively low. PATO:0000419 PATO:0000468 decreased number present in fewer numbers in organism quality decreased reduced subnumerary PATO:0001997 decreased amount An amount which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG The bearer of this quality has_part < n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. This case includes the limit case, where the bearer lacks all parts of the specified type. loss of quality PATO:0001999 lacks parts or has fewer parts of type The bearer of this quality has_part < n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. This case includes the limit case, where the bearer lacks all parts of the specified type. PATOC:CJM A quality of physical entities inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a physical part as specified by the additional entity. PATO:0001557 OBO_REL:lacks_part lacks all physical parts of type quality PATO:0002000 Example: [E=organism Q=lacks_all_parts_of_type E2=Wing] - applies to an organism. A relational quality in which the bearer entity has no parts of the specified type. The bearer of this quality has_part = 0 of the indicated entity type, where a comparable organism usually has at least 1 part of the same type. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e lacks all parts of type X at time t, then there exists no instances x of X at t such that x part_of e that has no wings, where wings are normally present in that organism type. In OWL this is equivalent to a restriction on the OBO_REL:has_part relation with cardinality=0, i.e has_part 0 E2. lacks all parts of type A quality of physical entities inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a physical part as specified by the additional entity. PATOC:CJM The bearer of this quality has_part < n AND has_part > 0 of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. PATO:0001569 decreased number of has decreased number of has fewer physical parts of type quality PATO:0002001 Example: [E=hand Q=has_fewer_parts_of_type E2=digit] - applies to an organism that has no less fingers than is normal for organisms of that type. has fewer parts of type The bearer of this quality has_part < n AND has_part > 0 of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. PATOC:CJM The bearer of this quality has_part > n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. PATO:0001560 has extra parts of has increased number of having extra physical parts having supernumerary physical parts increased number of quality PATO:0002002 In polydactyly, the bearer of the quality is the hand, and the entity type being counted is 'finger'. In EQ syntax, E=hand, Q=<this> E2=finger. has extra parts of type The bearer of this quality has_part > n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. PATOC:CJM Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. quality PATO:0002005 concavity Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. PATOC:MAH A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. quality 2-D projection cross-sectional PATO:0002006 2-D shape A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:CJM A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. Image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Convex_polygon_illustration1.png quality PATO:0002007 Use this term or an is_a child of this term when the entire shape of the object is known. convex 3-D shape A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. PATOC:CJM A complete three dimensional shape in which there is a line connecting pair of points on the object that lies outside the object. Or: a shape with cavities. Contrast: concave. Image:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Convex_polygon_illustration2.png quality PATO:0002008 concave 3-D shape A complete three dimensional shape in which there is a line connecting pair of points on the object that lies outside the object. Or: a shape with cavities. Contrast: concave. PATOC:CJM A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer exhibiting deterioration of its structure. george 2009-02-03T11:13:19Z quality PATO:0002037 degeneration A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer exhibiting deterioration of its structure. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer whose structure which does not deteriorate. george 2009-02-03T11:14:54Z not degenerate quality PATO:0002038 non-degenerate A structural quality inhering in a bearer whose structure which does not deteriorate. PATOC:GVG george 2009-06-05T09:16:46Z quality PATO:0002062 physical quality of a process A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being elongated and cylindrical. George Gkoutos 2009-07-01T01:44:06Z quality PATO:0002063 columnar A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being elongated and cylindrical. PATOC:me A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being arranged like rays or radii; radiating from a common center. George Gkoutos 2009-07-01T01:48:19Z stellate quality PATO:0002065 star shaped A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being arranged like rays or radii; radiating from a common center. PATOC:me Having extra or fewer parts. George Gkoutos 2009-09-21T10:41:58Z quality PATO:0002083 altered number of Having extra or fewer parts. PATOC:GVG A displaced angular placement quality inhering in a body part by virtue of the bearer's movement away from the medial plane of the body. george 2009-10-13T06:38:53Z quality PATO:0002131 abduction A displaced angular placement quality inhering in a body part by virtue of the bearer's movement away from the medial plane of the body. wikipedia:wikipedia A displaced angular placement quality inhering in a body part by virtue of the bearer's movement closer the medial plane of the body. george 2009-10-13T06:41:39Z quality PATO:0002133 This term is also used in reference to the operation of the muscle in anatomy or musculature. adduction A displaced angular placement quality inhering in a body part by virtue of the bearer's movement closer the medial plane of the body. wikipedia:wikipedia A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being curved towards the middle. george 2009-12-02T10:06:21Z quality PATO:0002164 curved medial A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being curved towards the middle. PATOC:GVG An angular placement quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being changed in position in relation to another entity. george 2010-01-14T04:45:18Z quality mislocalised to PATO:0002168 displaced to An angular placement quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being changed in position in relation to another entity. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. George Gkoutos 2010-03-10T03:18:15Z PATO:0002061 relational molecular quality quality PATO:0002182 molecular quality A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. PATOC:GVG A concave 3-D shape that inheres in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's nearly) symmetric shape wide at its ends and narrow in the middle, resembling the figure of number 8. george 2010-07-23T02:25:24Z figure 8 shaped quality PATO:0002239 hourglass-shaped A concave 3-D shape that inheres in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's nearly) symmetric shape wide at its ends and narrow in the middle, resembling the figure of number 8. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hourglass-shaped A force which relative high. george 2010-08-04T11:12:20Z increased force amplitude quality PATO:0002245 increased force A force which relative high. PATOC:GVG A force which is relative low. george 2010-08-04T11:13:13Z decreased force amplitude quality PATO:0002246 decreased force A force which is relative low. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or lacking of substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. george 2010-08-09T04:14:00Z quality PATO:0002247 degree of pigmentation A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or lacking of substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pigment A degree of pigmentation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. george 2010-08-09T04:16:49Z quality PATO:0002248 pigmented A degree of pigmentation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. PATOC:GVG A degree of pigmentation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. george 2010-08-09T04:17:04Z depigmented quality PATO:0002249 unpigmented A degree of pigmentation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. PATOC:GVG A degree of pigmentation quality that is relatively high. george 2010-08-09T04:17:19Z hyperpigmented quality PATO:0002250 increased pigmentation A degree of pigmentation quality that is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A degree of pigmentation quality that is relative low. george 2010-08-09T04:17:37Z hypopigmented quality PATO:0002251 decreased pigmentation A degree of pigmentation quality that is relative low. PATOC:GVG A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a point. george 2010-09-08T03:15:16Z quality PATO:0002258 pointed A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a point. PATOC:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pointed A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. george 2010-10-05T12:31:16Z quality PATO:0002266 3-D shape A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:OREGON A mobility which is relative high. george 2011-03-09T09:16:03Z quality PATO:0002282 increased mobility A mobility which is relative high. PATO:GVG A mobility which is relative low. george 2011-03-09T09:16:47Z quality PATO:0002283 decreased mobility A mobility which is relative low. PATOC:GVG George Gkoutos 2011-04-18T05:11:33Z quality PATO:0002290 aplastic/hypoplastic A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:39:43Z quality PATO:0002300 increased quality A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:40:15Z quality PATO:0002301 decreased quality A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:50:59Z quality PATO:0002302 decreased process quality A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:51:54Z quality PATO:0002303 decreased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:53:08Z quality PATO:0002304 increased process quality A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. George Gkoutos 2011-06-16T06:54:01Z quality PATO:0002305 increased object quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt George Gkoutos 2011-10-12T12:45:16Z Lamé curve quality PATO:0002318 superelliptic A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt wiktionary:superellipse A quality inhering in a process by virtue of that process having two or more organisms as participants. gkoutos 2013-10-10T04:08:44Z quality PATO:0002486 multi-organismal process quality A quality inhering in a process by virtue of that process having two or more organisms as participants. PATOC:DS A quality inhering in a process by virtue of that process having exactly one organism as a participant. gkoutos 2013-10-10T04:09:51Z quality PATO:0002487 single organismal process quality A quality inhering in a process by virtue of that process having exactly one organism as a participant. PATOC:DS A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. gkoutos 2013-10-21T05:44:34Z quality PATO:0002505 nucleated A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one or more nucleus. PATOC:GVG An orientation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a position that is directed along the longitudinal or anterior-posterior axis. wasila.dahdul 2014-10-17T14:24:19Z quality PATO:0005024 longitudinal orientation An orientation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a position that is directed along the longitudinal or anterior-posterior axis. PATOC:WD Absence due to a degenerative process. cjm quality PATO:0015001 absence due to degeneration Absence due to a degenerative process. PATOC:PortlandMeetingFeb2015 A shape that is in the form of a plug, being tube-like and expanded on one end. 2018-11-12T18:24:41Z http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 plug like quality PATO:0040012 plug shaped A shape that is in the form of a plug, being tube-like and expanded on one end. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3162-7490 A structural quality which is held by a bearer where a localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of tissue, organ, or body part is present. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 quality PATO:0040025 lesioned A structural quality which is held by a bearer where a localized pathological or traumatic structural change, damage, deformity, or discontinuity of tissue, organ, or body part is present. NCIT:C3824 A stage of Smed embryonic development, 0 - 2 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Zygote and dispersed blastomere cleavage in a yolk syncytium. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4897 PMID:28072387 Schmidtea_mediterranea_Developmental_Stages Stage 1 A stage of Smed embryonic development, 0 - 2 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Zygote and dispersed blastomere cleavage in a yolk syncytium. A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 2 - 3 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Sphere formation. A fraction of the blastomeres differentiate into temporary embryonic tissues that provide form and function to the embryo. Undifferentiated blastomeres remain in the embryonic wall. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4898 PMID:28072387 protosphere Schmidtea_mediterranea_Developmental_Stages Stage 2 A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 2 - 3 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Sphere formation. A fraction of the blastomeres differentiate into temporary embryonic tissues that provide form and function to the embryo. Undifferentiated blastomeres remain in the embryonic wall. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a stage 2 embryo. Scale bar = 100um A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 2 - 4 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Dispersed blastomere cleavage in the embryonic wall of nascent spheres. Yolk ingestion into the gut cavity. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4899 PMID:28072387 Schmidtea_mediterranea_Developmental_Stages Stage 3 A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 2 - 4 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Dispersed blastomere cleavage in the embryonic wall of nascent spheres. Yolk ingestion into the gut cavity. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a stage 3 embryo. Scale bar = 100um A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 3 - 5 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Dispersed blastomere cleavage in the embryonic wall. Yolk ingestion into the gut cavity. Early embryonic gut formation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4900 PMID:28072387 Schmidtea_mediterranea_Developmental_Stages Stage 4 A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 3 - 5 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Dispersed blastomere cleavage in the embryonic wall. Yolk ingestion into the gut cavity. Early embryonic gut formation. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a stage 4 embryo. Scale bar = 100um A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 5-7 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Organogenesis onset. Downregulation of early embryo enriched transcripts and birth of adult lineages within the blastomere population. Early embryonic gut formation continues. Yolk ingestion into the gut cavity. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4901 PMID:28072387 Schmidtea_mediterranea_Developmental_Stages Stage 5 A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 5-7 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Organogenesis onset. Downregulation of early embryo enriched transcripts and birth of adult lineages within the blastomere population. Early embryonic gut formation continues. Yolk ingestion into the gut cavity. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a stage 5 embryo. Scale bar = 100um A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 7 - 9 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Organogenesis and morphogenesis. Definitive organ formation. Temporary embryonic cell types degenerate. Embryo elongation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4902 PMID:28072387 Schmidtea_mediterranea_Developmental_Stages Stage 6 A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 7 - 9 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Organogenesis and morphogenesis. Definitive organ formation. Temporary embryonic cell types degenerate. Embryo elongation. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a stage 6 embryo. Scale bar = 100um A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 9 - 11 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Organogenesis and organ maturation continues. Embryos elongated. Eyes just visible. Onset of gliding motility. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4903 PMID:28072387 PMID:28812561 Schmidtea_mediterranea_Developmental_Stages Stage 7 A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 9 - 11 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Organogenesis and organ maturation continues. Embryos elongated. Eyes just visible. Onset of gliding motility. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a stage 7 embryo. Scale bar = 100um A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 13 - 15 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Organogenesis and organ maturation continues. Hatching. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4904 PMID:28072387 hatchling newborn hatchling Schmidtea_mediterranea_Developmental_Stages Stage 8 A stage of Smed embryonic development defined by a unique gene expression signature and morphology, 13 - 15 days post-egg capsule deposition at 20˚C. Organogenesis and organ maturation continues. Hatching. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a stage 8 embryo. Scale bar = 100um A heterogeneous subpopulation of neoblasts with enriched expression of SoxP-1 and SoxP-2 thought to contain both pluripotent stem cells and tissue-specific progenitors. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4879 PMID:15972844 PMID:25017721 PMID:25956527 PMID:26457503 PMID:26651295 PMID:27013241 PMID:27150006 PMID:27542689 PMID:28287248 PMID:28686611 PMID:28757112 PMID:29557542 PMID:29674432 PMID:29906446 sigma class neoblast sigma-class neoblast Planarian_Anatomy sigma neoblast A heterogeneous subpopulation of neoblasts with enriched expression of SoxP-1 and SoxP-2 thought to contain both pluripotent stem cells and tissue-specific progenitors. Neoblasts and post-mitotic, differentiating daughters coexpressing POU2-3, six1/2-2, Sal1, Eya and Osr,required for maintenance and regeneration of protonephridial cell types. PMID:24523458 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy protonephridial progenitor cell Neoblasts and post-mitotic, differentiating daughters coexpressing POU2-3, six1/2-2, Sal1, Eya and Osr,required for maintenance and regeneration of protonephridial cell types. Neoblasts and their differentiating daughters implicated in maintenance and regeneration of different tissues in the nervous system. PMID:21282632 PMID:24173799 PMID:25356635 PMID:26057828 PMID:26525673 PMID:28072387 PMID:29674432 neural committed stem cell neural precursor cell neural progenitor cell neuronal progenitor Planarian_Anatomy neural progenitor cell Neoblasts and their differentiating daughters implicated in maintenance and regeneration of different tissues in the nervous system. Musculature surrounding internal organs of the body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4955 PMID:26904543 PMID:30471994 visceral muscle Planarian_Anatomy visceral musculature Musculature surrounding internal organs of the body. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the visceral musculature (arrowheads) that lies beneath the gut. The gut is identifiable by the collection of darkly stained lipid droplets in the top right corner and the white of the lumen at the top of the image. Scale bar is 10um An abundant neoblast subclass consisting of p53+, zfp1+ progenitors required for maintenance and regeneration of epidermal cell type(s). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4970 PMID:25017721 PMID:25956527 PMID:26457503 PMID:26651295 PMID:27013241 PMID:27150006 PMID:27542689 PMID:28292427 PMID:28757112 PMID:28807897 PMID:29158443 PMID:29557542 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:29906446 zeta zeta class zeta class neoblast zeta-class neoblast zeta-neoblast Planarian_Anatomy zeta neoblast An abundant neoblast subclass consisting of p53+, zfp1+ progenitors required for maintenance and regeneration of epidermal cell type(s). An epithelial cell lacking cilia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4718 Planarian_Anatomy non ciliated epithelial cell An epithelial cell lacking cilia. Image is an electron micrograph of the dorsal side of the animal where there is a transition from nonciliated epidermal cells to ciliated ones. On the left side of the image are the ciliated cells and on the right are the nonciliated. A few nonciliated have been marked with arrowheads. Scale bar is 10um. A plicate and protrusible organ that is the sole point of entry and exit for the Triclad gut. It contains epithelial, muscular, secretory and neuronal cell types. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4766 ISBN:9780070316607 OCLC:16809160 PMID:15866156 PMID:16033796 PMID:16311336 PMID:16890156 PMID:17251262 PMID:17376870 PMID:17390146 PMID:17670787 PMID:17905225 PMID:17942485 PMID:18063755 PMID:18063757 PMID:18202849 PMID:18287199 PMID:18456843 PMID:18786419 PMID:19048075 PMID:19174194 PMID:19211673 PMID:19247960 PMID:19766622 PMID:19852954 PMID:19933103 PMID:20215344 PMID:20223763 PMID:20422023 PMID:20511647 PMID:20599901 PMID:20707997 PMID:20865784 PMID:20967238 PMID:21179478 PMID:21282632 PMID:21295483 PMID:21356107 PMID:21458439 PMID:21664348 PMID:21747960 PMID:21806978 PMID:21828097 PMID:21852957 PMID:21894189 PMID:21937596 PMID:22125640 PMID:22339734 PMID:22371573 PMID:22385657 PMID:22411224 PMID:22439894 PMID:22451003 PMID:22543868 PMID:22884275 PMID:23079596 PMID:23123964 PMID:23250205 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318635 PMID:23405188 PMID:23629965 PMID:23652002 PMID:23954785 PMID:24040508 PMID:24063805 PMID:24120894 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24238224 PMID:24704339 PMID:24737865 PMID:24922054 PMID:25017721 PMID:25254346 PMID:25356635 PMID:25558068 PMID:25725068 PMID:25956527 PMID:26062938 PMID:26114597 PMID:26457503 PMID:26459857 PMID:26525673 PMID:26711341 PMID:27034770 PMID:27063937 PMID:27074666 PMID:27122174 PMID:27150006 PMID:27163480 PMID:27240733 PMID:27441386 PMID:27501047 PMID:27551436 PMID:27612382 PMID:27612384 PMID:27654173 PMID:28072387 PMID:28126842 PMID:28171748 PMID:28245923 PMID:28287248 PMID:28292427 PMID:28434803 PMID:28461239 PMID:28495872 PMID:28686611 PMID:28807897 PMID:28893948 PMID:29291981 PMID:29674431 PMID:29906446 PMID:30194301 PMID:30237141 PMID:30282036 PMID:30383829 PMID:30399335 PMID:30471994 PMID:30485821 PMID:30729158 PMID:30962434 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 definitive pharynx Planarian_Anatomy pharynx A plicate and protrusible organ that is the sole point of entry and exit for the Triclad gut. It contains epithelial, muscular, secretory and neuronal cell types. Bipolar photoreceptor neurons with dendritic projections into the optic cup and axons that innervate the underlying brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4796 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16033796 PMID:17251262 PMID:17390146 PMID:17553481 PMID:17905225 PMID:17942485 PMID:18202849 PMID:19048075 PMID:20967238 PMID:21282632 PMID:21852957 PMID:22339734 PMID:22411224 PMID:22427692 PMID:22445864 PMID:22549959 PMID:22884275 PMID:23250205 PMID:23318641 PMID:24063805 PMID:24922054 PMID:25254346 PMID:25356635 PMID:25493551 PMID:25772472 PMID:26017970 PMID:26618653 PMID:27068018 PMID:27606067 PMID:27612384 PMID:27800171 PMID:28137894 PMID:28216315 PMID:28245923 PMID:28495872 PMID:28976975 PMID:29547123 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:30143032 PMID:30399335 PMID:30471994 PMID:30485821 PRN neuronal photoreceptive cell optical neuron photoreceptive neuron photoreceptor cell photosensitive cell visual neuron Planarian_Anatomy photoreceptor neuron Bipolar photoreceptor neurons with dendritic projections into the optic cup and axons that innervate the underlying brain. Post-mitotic, mesenchymally and epidermally located progenitors downstream of the Category 3 cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4464 PMID:18786419 PMID:22439894 PMID:25017721 PMID:26457503 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy Category 4 cell Post-mitotic, mesenchymally and epidermally located progenitors downstream of the Category 3 cells. Progenitor neoblasts implicated in the maintenance and regeneration of muscle fibers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4703 PMID:25017721 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:30471994 Planarian_Anatomy muscle progenitor cell Progenitor neoblasts implicated in the maintenance and regeneration of muscle fibers. Excretory organs consisting of flame cells, proximal tubules, and distal tubules connected to a mesenchymal collecting duct. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4836 ISBN:9780070316607 OCLC:16809160 PMID:19852954 PMID:19933103 PMID:21828097 PMID:21937596 PMID:22479207 PMID:23318635 PMID:23318641 PMID:23954785 PMID:24063805 PMID:24523458 PMID:24737865 PMID:24992682 PMID:25017721 PMID:25254346 PMID:26057828 PMID:26457503 PMID:26651295 PMID:26711341 PMID:27068018 PMID:27150006 PMID:27501047 PMID:27551436 PMID:27612384 PMID:28245923 PMID:28292427 PMID:28807897 PMID:29100657 PMID:29158443 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 excretory organ nephridia osmoregulatory duct protonephridial tubule Planarian_Anatomy protonephridia Excretory organs consisting of flame cells, proximal tubules, and distal tubules connected to a mesenchymal collecting duct. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/Depicted by field contains a whole-mount acetylated tubulin (AcTub) staining. Scale bars_ 500 um. Inset to right shows depth-coded projection of AcTub staining. Superficial structures are in blue and deeper structures are in red. Scale bars: 50 um Organisms sharing a specified genotype or karyotype. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4449 Planarian_Anatomy biotype Organisms sharing a specified genotype or karyotype. Post-mitotic, ciliated epidermal cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4465 PMID:25017721 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy Category 5 cell Post-mitotic, ciliated epidermal cells. An innervated, muscular pump that ingests yolk cells into the gut cavity. The embryonic pharynx is an extraembryonic tissue that forms during Stage 2, functions during Stages 3-5, and degenerates during Stages 6-7. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4552 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:28072387 temporary embryonic pharynx Planarian_Anatomy embryonic pharynx An innervated, muscular pump that ingests yolk cells into the gut cavity. The embryonic pharynx is an extraembryonic tissue that forms during Stage 2, functions during Stages 3-5, and degenerates during Stages 6-7. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a stage 5 embryo that zooms in on the embryonic pharynx. Asexual animal strains that reproduce solely through fission followed by whole body regeneration. Asexual Smed are stable diploids that harbor a chromosome translocation, making them karyotypically distinct from sexual Smed. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4880 PMID:11972158 PMID:28812561 asexual asexual adult asexual biotype Planarian_Anatomy Smed asexual biotype Asexual animal strains that reproduce solely through fission followed by whole body regeneration. Asexual Smed are stable diploids that harbor a chromosome translocation, making them karyotypically distinct from sexual Smed. Image is an scanning electron micrograph of the dorsal side of an entire animal. This is an adult asexual Schmidtea mediterranea. Anterior is to the right and posterior is to the left. Scale bar is 500um. The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organisms, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4709 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16033796 PMID:16311336 PMID:17251262 PMID:18202849 PMID:19048075 PMID:19211673 PMID:19247960 PMID:20223763 PMID:20707997 PMID:20967238 PMID:21806978 PMID:22339734 PMID:22427692 PMID:22445864 PMID:22549959 PMID:22696458 PMID:23079596 PMID:23250205 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318641 PMID:23903188 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24737865 PMID:24950970 PMID:25254346 PMID:25278423 PMID:25725068 PMID:26062938 PMID:26114597 PMID:26556349 PMID:27013241 PMID:27068018 PMID:27163480 PMID:27501047 PMID:27523733 PMID:27551436 PMID:27612384 PMID:27864883 PMID:28292427 PMID:29357350 PMID:29557542 PMID:29674431 PMID:30399335 UBERON:0001016 nerve system Planarian_Anatomy nervous system The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organisms, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. The planarian triclad gut contains a central anterior gut branch connected to two posterior gut branches arranged around the pharynx. Secondary gut branches extend laterally from the primary gut branches, while tertiary gut branches extend from the secondary branches. Food and waste enter and exit the gut through the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4632 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:17553481 PMID:17942485 PMID:18063757 PMID:18287199 PMID:19174194 PMID:19247960 PMID:19933103 PMID:20707997 PMID:20865784 PMID:20967238 PMID:21179478 PMID:21282632 PMID:21356107 PMID:21458439 PMID:21566185 PMID:21566195 PMID:21664348 PMID:21806978 PMID:21828097 PMID:22411224 PMID:22439894 PMID:22451003 PMID:22899852 PMID:23079596 PMID:23235145 PMID:23250205 PMID:23318635 PMID:23318641 PMID:23405188 PMID:23903188 PMID:23954785 PMID:24040508 PMID:24063805 PMID:24120894 PMID:24173799 PMID:24238224 PMID:24415944 PMID:24737865 PMID:24950970 PMID:24992682 PMID:25017721 PMID:25254346 PMID:25356635 PMID:25558068 PMID:25956527 PMID:26062938 PMID:26114597 PMID:26457503 PMID:26556349 PMID:26651295 PMID:27034770 PMID:27063937 PMID:27074666 PMID:27122174 PMID:27150006 PMID:27163480 PMID:27240733 PMID:27441386 PMID:27501047 PMID:27542689 PMID:27551436 PMID:27612382 PMID:27612384 PMID:27864883 PMID:28072387 PMID:28216315 PMID:28245923 PMID:28287248 PMID:28292427 PMID:28461239 PMID:28686611 PMID:28807897 PMID:29100657 PMID:29158443 PMID:29547123 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:29906446 PMID:30143032 PMID:30194301 PMID:30282036 PMID:30297872 PMID:30383829 PMID:30471994 PMID:30962434 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 adult gut blind gut definitive gut digestive tract gastrovascular digestive tract gastrovascular tract gut intestinal tract intestine three-branched gut triclad gut Planarian_Anatomy gut The planarian triclad gut contains a central anterior gut branch connected to two posterior gut branches arranged around the pharynx. Secondary gut branches extend laterally from the primary gut branches, while tertiary gut branches extend from the secondary branches. Food and waste enter and exit the gut through the pharynx. Strains of cross-fertilizing hemaphrodites that reproduce sexually and do not undergo fission. After mating, each parent lays an egg capsule containing one or more embryos. Sexual Smed are stable diploids. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4881 PMID:11972158 PMID:28812561 hermaphroditic biotype sexual sexual hermaphrodite Planarian_Anatomy Smed sexual biotype Strains of cross-fertilizing hemaphrodites that reproduce sexually and do not undergo fission. After mating, each parent lays an egg capsule containing one or more embryos. Sexual Smed are stable diploids. Depicted by field contains light micrscope image of asexual and sexual biotypes of Schmidtea meditteranea with their respective karyotypes. Note that the asexual bioptype has a chromosome inversion compared to the sexual. Post-mitotic, mesenchymally located epidermal progenitors downstream of the zeta neoblasts. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4462 PMID:18786419 PMID:20040488 PMID:21894189 PMID:22385657 PMID:22427692 PMID:22439894 PMID:22899852 PMID:23318635 PMID:23629965 PMID:24063805 PMID:24173799 PMID:24367277 PMID:25017721 PMID:26114597 PMID:26651295 PMID:27013241 PMID:27068018 PMID:27542689 PMID:28072387 PMID:29674431 Category 2 gene expressing cell NB.21.11e expressing cell Smed-NB.21.11e+ cell early division progeny early epidermal progenitor early neoblast progeny early post-mitotic progeny early progeny prog-1+ epidermal progenitor cell Planarian_Anatomy Category 2 cell Post-mitotic, mesenchymally located epidermal progenitors downstream of the zeta neoblasts. A single cell layer of extraembryonic, post-mitotic ectodermal cells bounding the embryo. The primitive ectoderm forms during Stage 2 and is thought to degenerate as the definitive epidermis forms during Stages 5-7. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4822 OCLC:20423827 OCLC:464776945 OCLC:82522822 PMID:28072387 https://github.com/obophenotype/planaria-ontology/blob/master/metadata/planarefs/planaref-0000001.md Planarian_Anatomy primitive ectoderm A single cell layer of extraembryonic, post-mitotic ectodermal cells bounding the embryo. The primitive ectoderm forms during Stage 2 and is thought to degenerate as the definitive epidermis forms during Stages 5-7. The median line/ plane of bilateral symmetry along the anteroposterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4696 Planarian_Anatomy midline The median line/ plane of bilateral symmetry along the anteroposterior axis. Non-neuronal, pigmented cells arrayed along the proximal side of the optic cup. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4798 PMID:17251262 PMID:17390146 PMID:17553481 PMID:17905225 PMID:20967238 PMID:21282632 PMID:21458439 PMID:21852957 PMID:22339734 PMID:22445864 PMID:22884275 PMID:23250205 PMID:23318641 PMID:24063805 PMID:25254346 PMID:25493551 PMID:26017970 PMID:27122174 PMID:27551436 PMID:27606067 PMID:28137894 PMID:28245923 PMID:28287248 PMID:28495872 PMID:28976975 PMID:29158443 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:30471994 eye pigment cell eye pigment cup cell eye pigment producing cell eye pigmented cell melanin pigment cell optic cup cell photoceptor pigmented cell pigment cell Planarian_Anatomy pigment cup cell Non-neuronal, pigmented cells arrayed along the proximal side of the optic cup. The median line/plane of bilateral symmetry along the anteroposterior axis on the dorsal surface of the animal. dorsal region of midline Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000032 dorsal midline The median line/plane of bilateral symmetry along the anteroposterior axis on the dorsal surface of the animal. Mitotically active zeta neoblasts and their post-mitotic descendants which undergo progressive differentiation and outward directed movement through the mesenchyme prior to incorporation into the epidermis, where terminal differentiation occurs. PMID:27150006 PMID:27606067 PMID:29674432 PMID:30282036 epithelial progenitor Planarian_Anatomy epidermal progenitor cell Mitotically active zeta neoblasts and their post-mitotic descendants which undergo progressive differentiation and outward directed movement through the mesenchyme prior to incorporation into the epidermis, where terminal differentiation occurs. A single cell layer of post-mitotic epithelial cells containing ciliated and non-ciliated cell types forming the exterior surface of the animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4569 ISBN:9780070316607 OCLC:16809160 PMID:15866156 PMID:16311336 PMID:18786419 PMID:19048075 PMID:19247960 PMID:19852954 PMID:20215344 PMID:20511647 PMID:20599901 PMID:20865784 PMID:21179478 PMID:21282632 PMID:21295483 PMID:22252539 PMID:22549959 PMID:23235145 PMID:23297191 PMID:23954785 PMID:24120894 PMID:24173799 PMID:24922054 PMID:24950970 PMID:25558068 PMID:25772472 PMID:26114597 PMID:26457503 PMID:26651295 PMID:26711341 PMID:27034770 PMID:27074666 PMID:27150006 PMID:27163480 PMID:27240733 PMID:27501047 PMID:27612384 PMID:28137894 PMID:28216315 PMID:28245923 PMID:28292427 PMID:28686611 PMID:28757112 PMID:28976975 PMID:29100657 PMID:29158443 PMID:29273738 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:29906446 PMID:30194301 PMID:30282036 PMID:30962434 definitive epidermis epidermal layer epidermis epithelium mature epidermis tegument Planarian_Anatomy At present, this definition does not apply to epithelial structures other than the dorsal and ventral epidermis (i.e., the pharyngeal epithelium). epidermis A single cell layer of post-mitotic epithelial cells containing ciliated and non-ciliated cell types forming the exterior surface of the animal. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the dorsal epidermis (arrowheads). Also visible in this micrograph, immediately deep to the epidermis is the basal lamina and beneath that is a photoreceptor. Scale bar is 10 um. Post-mitotic, mesenchymally located epidermal progenitors downstream of the Category 2 cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4463 PMID:18786419 PMID:20040488 PMID:21894189 PMID:22252539 PMID:22427692 PMID:22439894 PMID:22899852 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318635 PMID:23629965 PMID:23954785 PMID:24063805 PMID:24173799 PMID:24367277 PMID:26114597 PMID:26457503 PMID:26651295 PMID:27013241 PMID:27068018 PMID:28072387 AGAT-1 expressing cell AGAT1 expressing cell Category 3 gene expressing cell Smed-AGAT-1+ cell late division progeny late epidermal progenitor late neoblast progeny late postmitotic progeny late progeny Planarian_Anatomy Category 3 cell Post-mitotic, mesenchymally located epidermal progenitors downstream of the Category 2 cells. An organ that detects light. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4584 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:15866156 PMID:15972844 PMID:16311336 PMID:16890156 PMID:17251262 PMID:17553481 PMID:17905225 PMID:17942485 PMID:18063755 PMID:18063757 PMID:18202849 PMID:18287199 PMID:18456843 PMID:18786419 PMID:19048075 PMID:19174194 PMID:19211673 PMID:19247960 PMID:19766622 PMID:19805089 PMID:19852954 PMID:20040488 PMID:20215344 PMID:20223763 PMID:20422023 PMID:20599901 PMID:20707997 PMID:20865784 PMID:20967238 PMID:21179478 PMID:21282632 PMID:21295481 PMID:21295483 PMID:21356107 PMID:21458439 PMID:21566185 PMID:21566195 PMID:21747960 PMID:21806978 PMID:21828097 PMID:21852957 PMID:21894189 PMID:21937596 PMID:22125640 PMID:22318224 PMID:22339734 PMID:22385657 PMID:22411224 PMID:22439894 PMID:22445864 PMID:22479207 PMID:22549959 PMID:22884275 PMID:22899852 PMID:23235145 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318635 PMID:23318641 PMID:23405188 PMID:23629965 PMID:23903188 PMID:24063805 PMID:24120894 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24238224 PMID:24415944 PMID:24704339 PMID:24737865 PMID:24922054 PMID:24950970 PMID:24992682 PMID:25017721 PMID:25254346 PMID:25356635 PMID:25493551 PMID:25558068 PMID:25725068 PMID:25772472 PMID:25956527 PMID:26017970 PMID:26062938 PMID:26114597 PMID:26457503 PMID:26525673 PMID:26556349 PMID:26618653 PMID:26711341 PMID:26884331 PMID:27034770 PMID:27063937 PMID:27150006 PMID:27240733 PMID:27542689 PMID:27551436 PMID:27606067 PMID:27654173 PMID:27800171 PMID:28171748 PMID:28216315 PMID:28287248 PMID:28292427 PMID:28495872 PMID:28686611 PMID:28893948 PMID:28976975 PMID:29100657 PMID:29158443 PMID:29273738 PMID:29291974 PMID:29291981 PMID:29357350 PMID:29547123 PMID:29674431 PMID:30237141 PMID:30282036 PMID:30297872 PMID:30383829 PMID:30485821 PMID:30962434 UBERON:0000970 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 cerebral eye eye spot eye-spot eyespot ocelli photoreceptor Planarian_Anatomy Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a asexual adult animal. The eyes are indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 250um eye An organ that detects light. we will move forward using "tissue" instead. We have not listed anything as a regenerating or developing tissue, so this seems unnecessary obsolete definitive tissue true The median line/ plane of bilateral symmetry along the anteroposterior axis on the ventral surface of the animal. ventral region of midline Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000038 ventral midline The median line/ plane of bilateral symmetry along the anteroposterior axis on the ventral surface of the animal. An abundant neoblast subclass, exhibiting enriched expression of gata456a, hnf4, prox-1 and nkx2.2, implicated in maintenance and regeneration of the definitive gut. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4613 PMID:25017721 PMID:26651295 PMID:27013241 PMID:27150006 PMID:27542689 PMID:28287248 PMID:28757112 PMID:28807897 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:29906446 gamma gamma class neoblast gamma-neoblast gut progenitor cell Planarian_Anatomy gamma neoblast An abundant neoblast subclass, exhibiting enriched expression of gata456a, hnf4, prox-1 and nkx2.2, implicated in maintenance and regeneration of the definitive gut. this term is not needed. All previous children of this term (Stage 1, Sage 2, etc) are now children of GO life cycle stage or zygote stage obsolete Schmidtea mediterranea developmental stage true Stage 3-5 embryo hemisphere centered around the pole opposite the embryonic pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4407 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy aboral hemisphere Stage 3-5 embryo hemisphere centered around the pole opposite the embryonic pharynx. The single, central gut branch of the triclad gut anterior to the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4435 PMID:21664348 Planarian_Anatomy anterior primary gut branch The single, central gut branch of the triclad gut anterior to the pharynx. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a asexual adult animal. Anterior primary gut branch indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 250um Region along the edge of the animal where the dorsal and ventral surfaces meet. D/V boundary DV border DV boundary DV domain DV margin body edge body margin body periphery dorsal ventral boundary dorsal-ventral boundary dorsal/ventral compartment boundary of whole organism dorsoventral margin edge Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000043 dorsal ventral margin of the whole animal Region along the edge of the animal where the dorsal and ventral surfaces meet. The planarian brain, consisting of two bilaterally symmetric lobes occupying a ventral position in the head. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4477 ISBN:9780070316607 OCLC:16809160 PMID:15866156 PMID:16033796 PMID:16344473 PMID:16890156 PMID:17251262 PMID:17376870 PMID:17553481 PMID:17670787 PMID:17905225 PMID:17942485 PMID:17999079 PMID:18063755 PMID:18063757 PMID:18202849 PMID:18287199 PMID:19048075 PMID:19174194 PMID:19211673 PMID:19247960 PMID:19766622 PMID:20215344 PMID:20422023 PMID:20844018 PMID:20967238 PMID:21179478 PMID:21282632 PMID:21295481 PMID:21458439 PMID:21566195 PMID:21806978 PMID:22074376 PMID:22125640 PMID:22339734 PMID:22411224 PMID:22445864 PMID:22451003 PMID:22549959 PMID:23235145 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318635 PMID:23318641 PMID:23405188 PMID:23652002 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24238224 PMID:24415944 PMID:24950970 PMID:25254346 PMID:25278423 PMID:25356635 PMID:25404302 PMID:25725068 PMID:25772472 PMID:25956527 PMID:26017970 PMID:26884331 PMID:27013241 PMID:27074666 PMID:27163480 PMID:27612382 PMID:27612384 PMID:27800171 PMID:28072387 PMID:28126842 PMID:28216315 PMID:28287248 PMID:29291974 PMID:29291981 PMID:29547123 PMID:29674431 PMID:30194301 PMID:30237141 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 bi-lobed brain bi-lobed cephalic ganglia brain cerebral ganglia Planarian_Anatomy cephalic ganglia The planarian brain, consisting of two bilaterally symmetric lobes occupying a ventral position in the head. Body wall muscle fibers arrayed around the dorsoventral axis. Upon regeneration, these are thought to be produced de novo in the blastema. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4497 PMID:26904543 https://github.com/obophenotype/planaria-ontology/blob/master/metadata/planarefs/planaref-0000005.md circular muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy circular muscle cell Body wall muscle fibers arrayed around the dorsoventral axis. Upon regeneration, these are thought to be produced de novo in the blastema. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the body wall musculature beneath the dorsal epidermis. The first layer of muscle cells beneath the basal lamina (BL), circular muscle, have been colored and labeled with arrowheads. Circular muscle = magenta; longitudinal muscle = green; diagonal muscle = red. Scale bar is 2um. Pluripotent piwi-1+ stem cells that self-renew, form expanding colonies and produce differentiating daughters that contribute to multiple organ systems. cNeoblasts are predicted to be broadly distributed across the anteroposterior axis of the adult worm. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4499 PMID:16344473 PMID:19247960 PMID:20215344 PMID:21566185 PMID:21852957 PMID:21937596 PMID:22318224 PMID:22385657 PMID:22411224 PMID:22543868 PMID:22549959 PMID:22884275 PMID:22899852 PMID:23079596 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318641 PMID:23652002 PMID:23954785 PMID:24040508 PMID:24120894 PMID:24173799 PMID:25017721 PMID:25254346 PMID:25356635 PMID:26711341 PMID:27063937 PMID:27074666 PMID:27149082 PMID:27150006 PMID:27502555 PMID:27523733 PMID:27551436 PMID:28434803 PMID:29357350 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:29906446 PMID:30962434 adult pluripotent stem cell cNeoblast clonogenic stem cell pluripotent stem cell Planarian_Anatomy clonogenic neoblast Pluripotent piwi-1+ stem cells that self-renew, form expanding colonies and produce differentiating daughters that contribute to multiple organ systems. cNeoblasts are predicted to be broadly distributed across the anteroposterior axis of the adult worm. Non-ciliated tubules associated with the distal tubules, which cross the basement membrane and terminate in the dorsal epidermis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4500 PMID:26057828 PMID:27068018 PMID:29674431 collection duct Planarian_Anatomy collecting duct Non-ciliated tubules associated with the distal tubules, which cross the basement membrane and terminate in the dorsal epidermis. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a collecting duct (arrowheads) passing through the basal lamina (BL). Dorsal is up and the scale bar is 5 um. Body wall muscle fibers arrayed diagonally along the anteroposterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4517 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:23903188 PMID:26904543 PMID:27068018 PMID:28461239 PMID:28807897 PMID:30471994 diagonal fiber diagonal muscle diagonal muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy diagonal muscle cell Body wall muscle fibers arrayed diagonally along the anteroposterior axis. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the body wall musculature beneath the dorsal epidermis. The third layer of cells beneath the basement membrane, diagonal muscle cells, have been colored and labeled with arrowheads. Circular muscle = magenta; longitudinal muscle = green; diagonal muscle = red. Scale bar is 2um. Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4519 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:15866156 PMID:16311336 PMID:16344473 PMID:17390146 PMID:17553481 PMID:17905225 PMID:18063757 PMID:18287199 PMID:19048075 PMID:19247960 PMID:19766622 PMID:19933103 PMID:20040488 PMID:20215344 PMID:20707997 PMID:21356107 PMID:21664348 PMID:21806978 PMID:22451003 PMID:22479207 PMID:23079596 PMID:24737865 PMID:24922054 PMID:25254346 PMID:25558068 PMID:26556349 PMID:27068018 PMID:27501047 PMID:29357350 UBERON:0001007 gastrointestinal system gastrovascular system Planarian_Anatomy digestive system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete direct development true removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete dispersed cleavage true Sinusoidal, non-ciliated tubules connected to proximal tubules within the parenchyma. Tubules are formed via intercellular junctions between two epithelial cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4524 PMID:21828097 PMID:27068018 Planarian_Anatomy distal tubule Sinusoidal, non-ciliated tubules connected to proximal tubules within the parenchyma. Tubules are formed via intercellular junctions between two epithelial cells. Depicted by field contains a diagram representing the protonephrida unit (top) as well as a 3D rendering of confocal data depicting the same. In the diagram, terminal flame cells and their corresponding cilia are in blues, the proximal tubule is in reds, the distal tubule is in greens while thecollecting duct is in purple. In the 3D rendering below the cilia (AcTub) are in blue, portions of the proximal tubule (slc6a-13) are in red while the distal tubule (slc6a-12) is in green. Single cell layer of dorsal, post-mitotic, epithelial cells containing the dorsal stripe. dorsal epithelium dorsal region of epidermis Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000054 dorsal region of the epidermis Single cell layer of dorsal, post-mitotic, epithelial cells containing the dorsal stripe. Ciliated epithelial cells along the dorsal midline. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4533 PMID:17553481 racing stripe Planarian_Anatomy dorsal stripe Ciliated epithelial cells along the dorsal midline. Image is an electron micrograph showing the dorsal side of the head of an adult worm. Arrowheads mark where the ciliated cells of the dorsal stripe can be seen. Anterior is up and scale bar is 100um. Turbellarian (freshwater flatworm) embryos that undergo a modified form of cleavage due to separation of oocyte and yolk. Yolk is not contained within oocytes, and is produced by somatic vitellogenic gland cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4539 PMID:22074376 PMID:27149082 https://github.com/obophenotype/planaria-ontology/blob/master/metadata/planarefs/planaref-0000002.md Planarian_Anatomy ectolecithal embryo Turbellarian (freshwater flatworm) embryos that undergo a modified form of cleavage due to separation of oocyte and yolk. Yolk is not contained within oocytes, and is produced by somatic vitellogenic gland cells. removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete embryonic cleavage true A cryptic digestive system in Stage 3-6 embryos comprised of temporary embryonic cell types and organs, including the embryonic pharynx and primitive gut cells. Embryonic gut cells, likely produced from blastomeres, form a phagocytic tissue layer surrounding the inner gut cavity during Stages 4-6. It is not known whether the embryonic gut is temporary embryonic tissue or a definitive tissue. For convenience, the embryonic gut is currently designated as an extraembryonic structure because cell type specific markers for the embryonic gut do not stain the definitive gut in hatchlings or adult animals. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4547 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic digestive system A cryptic digestive system in Stage 3-6 embryos comprised of temporary embryonic cell types and organs, including the embryonic pharynx and primitive gut cells. Embryonic gut cells, likely produced from blastomeres, form a phagocytic tissue layer surrounding the inner gut cavity during Stages 4-6. It is not known whether the embryonic gut is temporary embryonic tissue or a definitive tissue. For convenience, the embryonic gut is currently designated as an extraembryonic structure because cell type specific markers for the embryonic gut do not stain the definitive gut in hatchlings or adult animals. Dispersed, phagocytic gut cells that appear during Stage 4 and ultimately generate a honeycomb-like lattice surrounding the central gut cavity in Stage 5 embryos. Early embryonic gut cell specific transcripts are expressed from Stage 4-6, and are downregulated during Stage 7. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4550 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic gut cell Dispersed, phagocytic gut cells that appear during Stage 4 and ultimately generate a honeycomb-like lattice surrounding the central gut cavity in Stage 5 embryos. Early embryonic gut cell specific transcripts are expressed from Stage 4-6, and are downregulated during Stage 7. The parenchymal space between the gut cavity and the primitive ectoderm containing undifferentiated blastomeres in Stage 3-5 embryos. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4561 OCLC:16809160 PMID:12888018 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic wall The parenchymal space between the gut cavity and the primitive ectoderm containing undifferentiated blastomeres in Stage 3-5 embryos. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a stage 5 embryo with anatomical feature noted with black indicators. Visceral muscle surrounding the gut. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4564 PMID:21664348 PMID:22411224 PMID:23079596 PMID:26904543 PMID:30471994 PMID:30962434 enteric muscle intestinal muscle Planarian_Anatomy enteric musculature Visceral muscle surrounding the gut. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the enteric musculature (arrowheads) surrounding the gut, which extends across the top of the image. These cells are very small compared to the layer of medial muscle underneath them. Scale bar is 1um. Attachment between the triclad gut and the proximal end of the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4574 ISBN:9780070316607 OCLC:16809160 PMID:18063757 PMID:20707997 PMID:21806978 PMID:24737865 PMID:27063937 PMID:29674431 PMID:30485821 gut pharynx intersection pharynx root root of pharynx Planarian_Anatomy esophagus Attachment between the triclad gut and the proximal end of the pharynx. A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4583 UBERON:0000478 Planarian_Anatomy extraembryonic structure A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. Terminal structure of protonephridia unit; consists of flame cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4594 PMID:21828097 PMID:26057828 Planarian_Anatomy flame bulb Terminal structure of protonephridia unit; consists of flame cells. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a flame cell (outlined), which is a part of the flame bulb. "N" marks this cell's nucleus and the cilia are noted by an arrowhead. Scale bar is 1um. Terminal structure of the protonephridia unit, capping the proximal tubules. Flame cells are defined by the filtration weir‚ or filtration diaphragm, which consists of closely apposed strands of cytoplasm surrounding a central cilia bundle, and by numerous microvilli between weir and cilia. Positive for acetyated tubulin. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4595 ISBN:9780070316607 OCLC:16809160 PMID:17670787 PMID:19247960 PMID:19852954 PMID:21828097 PMID:21937596 PMID:24523458 PMID:26057828 PMID:26711341 PMID:27068018 PMID:27542689 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 Planarian_Anatomy flame cell Terminal structure of the protonephridia unit, capping the proximal tubules. Flame cells are defined by the filtration weir‚ or filtration diaphragm, which consists of closely apposed strands of cytoplasm surrounding a central cilia bundle, and by numerous microvilli between weir and cilia. Positive for acetyated tubulin. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a flame cell (outlined), which is a part of the flame bulb. "N" marks this cell's nucleus and the cilia are noted by an arrowhead. Scale bar is 1um. The single cell layer columnar epithelial lining of the intestine. The gastrodermis is surrounded by a basal lamina and enteric muscle. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4617 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:21282632 PMID:21664348 PMID:24120894 PMID:25558068 PMID:27441386 PMID:27501047 PMID:28287248 PMID:30608231 gut epithelia gut epithelium intestinal epithelium Planarian_Anatomy gastrodermis The single cell layer columnar epithelial lining of the intestine. The gastrodermis is surrounded by a basal lamina and enteric muscle. Secretory cells that release digestive enzymes into the lumen of the intestine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4628 PMID:20865784 PMID:21664348 PMID:23079596 PMID:27501047 PMID:28137894 PMID:28287248 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 Planarian_Anatomy goblet cell Secretory cells that release digestive enzymes into the lumen of the intestine. Image is an electron micrograph showing part of the gastrodermis. A goblet cell, a type of gastrodermal cell is labeled with arrowheads. Note the large, dark mucus granules contained in the cell body. The lumen of the gut can be seen on the right side of the image and has been labeled with "L." Scale bar is 1 um. Cavity encompassed by the embryonic digestive tract, prior to formation of the branched defintive gut. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4549 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic gut cavity Cavity encompassed by the embryonic digestive tract, prior to formation of the branched defintive gut. Inner most body wall muscle fibers arrayed along the anteroposterior axis. These fibers are thicker than the outer longitudinal muscle fibers. The pattern of these muscles differs along the dorsoventral axis, with the dorsal arrangement converging at the central zone of the anterior pole. The ventral arrangement is more parallel or may diverge slightly as it approaches the ventral pole. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4638 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:26904543 PMID:30962434 https://github.com/obophenotype/planaria-ontology/blob/master/metadata/planarefs/planaref-0000003.md inner longitudinal muscle fiber inner longitudinal muscle layer Planarian_Anatomy inner longitudinal muscle cell Inner most body wall muscle fibers arrayed along the anteroposterior axis. These fibers are thicker than the outer longitudinal muscle fibers. The pattern of these muscles differs along the dorsoventral axis, with the dorsal arrangement converging at the central zone of the anterior pole. The ventral arrangement is more parallel or may diverge slightly as it approaches the ventral pole. Absorptive digestive cells that engulf food particles for intracellular digestion. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4643 PMID:19933103 PMID:21664348 PMID:23079596 PMID:27542689 PMID:28072387 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 enterocyte gut enterocyte gut phagocyte intestinal epithelial cell Planarian_Anatomy intestinal phagocyte Absorptive digestive cells that engulf food particles for intracellular digestion. Body wall muscle fibers arrayed along the anteroposterior axis. Upon regeneration, these muscles are thought to be established from truncated pre-existing fibers.Inner most body wall muscle fibers arrayed along the anteroposterior axis. These fibers are thicker than the outer longitudinal muscle fibers. The pattern of these muscles differs along the dorsoventral axis, with the dorsal arrangement converging at the central zone of the anterior pole. The ventral arrangement is more parallel or may diverge slightly as it approaches the ventral pole. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4660 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:23903188 PMID:26904543 PMID:27551436 PMID:28461239 PMID:28807897 PMID:30471994 https://github.com/obophenotype/planaria-ontology/blob/master/metadata/planarefs/planaref-0000005.md BW longitudinal fiber body wall longitudinal fiber longitudinal fiber longitudinal muscle longitudinal muscle cell longitudinal muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy longitudinal muscle cell Body wall muscle fibers arrayed along the anteroposterior axis. Upon regeneration, these muscles are thought to be established from truncated pre-existing fibers.Inner most body wall muscle fibers arrayed along the anteroposterior axis. These fibers are thicker than the outer longitudinal muscle fibers. The pattern of these muscles differs along the dorsoventral axis, with the dorsal arrangement converging at the central zone of the anterior pole. The ventral arrangement is more parallel or may diverge slightly as it approaches the ventral pole. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the body wall musculature beneath the dorsal epidermis. The longitudinal muscle cells (arrowheads) sit behind both the circular muscle and the diagonal muscle. Circular muscle = magenta; longitudinal muscle = green; diagonal muscle = red. Scale bar is 2um. The sole point of entry and exit for the Triclad planarian flatworm gut. The mouth is connected to the pharyngeal pouch to allow for exit and re-entry of the pharynx on the ventral side of the animal. The mouth contains several cell types, including epithelial cells, muscle, and secretory cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4698 ISBN:9780070316607 OCLC:16809160 PMID:17251262 PMID:17905225 PMID:18287199 PMID:19174194 PMID:19211673 PMID:20707997 PMID:21295481 PMID:21458439 PMID:21806978 PMID:23954785 PMID:26457503 PMID:26556349 PMID:27034770 PMID:27063937 PMID:27074666 PMID:27122174 PMID:28807897 PMID:29674431 PMID:30399335 PMID:30471994 PMID:30485821 anus manus Planarian_Anatomy mouth The sole point of entry and exit for the Triclad planarian flatworm gut. The mouth is connected to the pharyngeal pouch to allow for exit and re-entry of the pharynx on the ventral side of the animal. The mouth contains several cell types, including epithelial cells, muscle, and secretory cells. Image is an electron micrograph of the mouth (arrowheads), which is located on the ventral side of the animal. Note the heavily ciliated pharynx that is peeking out. Scale bar is 10um. A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4973 CL:0000023 PMID:25278423 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:27304889 PMID:27330085 PMID:27501047 PMID:28072387 PMID:28434803 PMID:28812561 egg female gamete ovum Planarian_Anatomy oocyte A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. A portion of the eye containing pigment cells and dendritic projections from photoreceptor neurons. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4736 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:15866156 PMID:20707997 PMID:20865784 PMID:21458439 PMID:21828097 PMID:21852957 PMID:22411224 PMID:22427692 PMID:22445864 PMID:22549959 PMID:22884275 PMID:25493551 PMID:26017970 PMID:26618653 PMID:27068018 PMID:27240733 PMID:27542689 PMID:27606067 PMID:27800171 PMID:28495872 PMID:29547123 PMID:30143032 PMID:30194301 eye cup photoreceptor pigment cup photoreceptor pigmentation pigment cup pigmented cell cup pigmented optic cup Planarian_Anatomy optic cup A portion of the eye containing pigment cells and dendritic projections from photoreceptor neurons. Stage 3-5 embryo hemisphere centered around the embryonic pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4739 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy oral hemisphere Stage 3-5 embryo hemisphere centered around the embryonic pharynx. Body wall muscle fibers arrayed along the anteroposterior axis. Upon regeneration, these muscles are thought to be established from truncated pre-existing fibers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4743 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:26904543 https://github.com/obophenotype/planaria-ontology/blob/master/metadata/planarefs/planaref-0000005.md outer longitudinal muscle layer Planarian_Anatomy outer longitudinal muscle cell Body wall muscle fibers arrayed along the anteroposterior axis. Upon regeneration, these muscles are thought to be established from truncated pre-existing fibers. Muscles that are present through the mesenchyme, inclusing dorsal-ventral muscles, intestinal muscles and pharynx muscles. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4759 ISBN:9780070316607 OCLC:16809160 PMID:30962434 dorsoventral muscle fibers parenchymal muscle Planarian_Anatomy parenchymal musculature Muscles that are present through the mesenchyme, inclusing dorsal-ventral muscles, intestinal muscles and pharynx muscles. Image is an electron micrograph of the parenchyma. Three muscle cells have been notated with an arrowhead. Scale bar is 2 um. A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4762 PMID:20967238 PMID:22339734 PMID:23903188 PMID:26017970 PMID:26884331 PMID:27150006 PMID:27612382 PMID:29674431 UBERON:0000010 Planarian_Anatomy peripheral nervous system A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. An epithelial structure housing the pharynx, connected to the esophagus and mouth. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4788 OCLC:16809160 pharyngeal pouch Planarian_Anatomy pharynx pouch An epithelial structure housing the pharynx, connected to the esophagus and mouth. racing stripe is now a synonym of PLANA:0000055 dorsal stripe obsolete racing stripe true The primary gut branches of the triclad gut lateral and posterior to the pharynx and pharyngeal pouch. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4812 PMID:21664348 PMID:23318641 PMID:24063805 major posterior gut branch primary posterior intestinal branch Planarian_Anatomy posterior primary gut branch The primary gut branches of the triclad gut lateral and posterior to the pharynx and pharyngeal pouch. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a asexual adult animal. The posterior primary gut branch is indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 250um A phagocytic cell closely associated with the embryonic pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4826 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy primitive gut cell A phagocytic cell closely associated with the embryonic pharynx. removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete protosphere true Ciliated epithelial cells form tubules, generating coiled, branching units terminating in flame bulbs. Tubules are formed via intercellular junctions between two epithelial cells. Proximal tubules are connected to non-ciliated distal tubules within the parenchyma. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4840 PMID:21828097 PMID:21937596 PMID:26057828 PMID:27068018 Planarian_Anatomy proximal tubule Ciliated epithelial cells form tubules, generating coiled, branching units terminating in flame bulbs. Tubules are formed via intercellular junctions between two epithelial cells. Proximal tubules are connected to non-ciliated distal tubules within the parenchyma. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a proximal tubule (arrowheads) of the protonephridia structure. Note the cilia and the characteristic way the cell membrane connects with other proximal tubule epithelial cells. Scale bar is 2um. The renal system is an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4848 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:17670787 PMID:19048075 PMID:19247960 PMID:19852954 PMID:20707997 PMID:21828097 PMID:21937596 PMID:22427692 PMID:23079596 PMID:23235145 PMID:23903188 PMID:24173799 PMID:24523458 PMID:24737865 PMID:25254346 PMID:26057828 PMID:26711341 PMID:27068018 PMID:27542689 PMID:28461239 PMID:29674431 PMID:30297872 UBERON:0001008 excretory system protonephridial system Planarian_Anatomy renal system The renal system is an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. Gut branches, originating from and connected to the primary gut branches, that extend laterally towards the body edge. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4867 PMID:21664348 PMID:27122174 PMID:28287248 PMID:30471994 Planarian_Anatomy secondary gut branch Gut branches, originating from and connected to the primary gut branches, that extend laterally towards the body edge. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a asexual adult animal. The secondary gut branch is indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 250um A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4886 CL:0000019 PMID:17390146 PMID:20844018 PMID:22074376 PMID:25278423 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:27304889 PMID:28072387 PMID:29095551 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 mature sperm spermatozoa Planarian_Anatomy sperm A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete sphere formation true Fused yolk cells surrounding blastomeres undergoing dispersed cleavage during Stages 1 and 2. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4969 PMID:15599763 syncytial yolk cell Planarian_Anatomy yolk syncytium Fused yolk cells surrounding blastomeres undergoing dispersed cleavage during Stages 1 and 2. Gut branches originating from and connected to the secondary gut branches. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4927 PMID:21664348 PMID:23250205 PMID:27122174 PMID:28137894 PMID:28287248 PMID:30194301 PMID:30471994 tertiary branch tertiary intestinal branch Planarian_Anatomy tertiary gut branch Gut branches originating from and connected to the secondary gut branches. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a asexual adult animal. The tertiary gut branch indicated is by arrows. Scale bar = 250um removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete tissue morphogenesis true Ovo+ neoblasts and post-mitotic eye progenitors that simultaneously migrate and differentiate into photoreceptor neurons and non-neuronal pigment cup cells comprising the optic cup. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4940 PMID:21852957 PMID:22884275 PMID:23250205 PMID:24040508 PMID:27606067 PMID:28072387 PMID:28245923 PMID:29674431 PMID:30485821 eye progenitor eye progenitor cell ovo+ eye progenitor Planarian_Anatomy trail cell Ovo+ neoblasts and post-mitotic eye progenitors that simultaneously migrate and differentiate into photoreceptor neurons and non-neuronal pigment cup cells comprising the optic cup. Single cell layer of ventral, post-mitotic, heavily ciliated epithelial cells cilated ventral epidermis ciliated ventral epithelium ventral epidermin ventral epithelia ventral epithelium ventral region of epidermis Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000096 ventral epidermis Single cell layer of ventral, post-mitotic, heavily ciliated epithelial cells The pair of closely united ventral longitudinal nerves with their segmental ganglia that is characteristic of many elongate invertebrates (as earthworms)[BTO]. A large process bundle that runs along the vental mid-line extending from the ventral region of the nerve ring[WB]. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms[GO]. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4954 BTO:0002328 EFO:0000896 FBbt:00001102 ISBN:9780070316607 MAT:0000339 MIAA:0000339 PMID:16033796 PMID:16890156 PMID:17251262 PMID:17390146 PMID:17553481 PMID:17905225 PMID:18063755 PMID:18063757 PMID:18202849 PMID:18287199 PMID:19174194 PMID:19211673 PMID:19247960 PMID:20215344 PMID:20223763 PMID:20422023 PMID:20599901 PMID:20707997 PMID:20967238 PMID:21179478 PMID:21282632 PMID:21566185 PMID:21806978 PMID:21828097 PMID:22074376 PMID:22125640 PMID:22339734 PMID:22479207 PMID:23250205 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318635 PMID:23954785 PMID:24063805 PMID:24120894 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24950970 PMID:25254346 PMID:25356635 PMID:25558068 PMID:25772472 PMID:25956527 PMID:26017970 PMID:26062938 PMID:26457503 PMID:26556349 PMID:27013241 PMID:27034770 PMID:27150006 PMID:27163480 PMID:27612382 PMID:28072387 PMID:28126842 PMID:28245923 PMID:28807897 PMID:29291974 PMID:29674431 PMID:30143032 PMID:30471994 UBERON:0000934 WBbt:0005829 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral:nerve:cord nlx:146329 VNC nerve cord ventral cord Planarian_Anatomy ventral nerve cord The pair of closely united ventral longitudinal nerves with their segmental ganglia that is characteristic of many elongate invertebrates (as earthworms)[BTO]. A large process bundle that runs along the vental mid-line extending from the ventral region of the nerve ring[WB]. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms[GO]. Diploid cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes at fertilization. [The_Dictionary_of_Cell_and_Molecular_Biology:Third_Edition ]. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4971 BTO:0000854 PMID:28812561 Planarian_Anatomy zygote Diploid cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes at fertilization. [The_Dictionary_of_Cell_and_Molecular_Biology:Third_Edition ]. The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4713 CL:0000540 PMID:16033796 PMID:16890156 PMID:17553481 PMID:17905225 PMID:18202849 PMID:18287199 PMID:19048075 PMID:19174194 PMID:19211673 PMID:20215344 PMID:21566185 PMID:22411224 PMID:22439894 PMID:22479207 PMID:22549959 PMID:23297191 PMID:23903188 PMID:23954785 PMID:24040508 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24737865 PMID:24922054 PMID:24950970 PMID:25254346 PMID:25356635 PMID:25558068 PMID:26457503 PMID:26525673 PMID:27013241 PMID:27063937 PMID:27150006 PMID:27163480 PMID:27542689 PMID:27612382 PMID:27612384 PMID:27864883 PMID:28072387 PMID:28126842 PMID:28137894 PMID:28245923 PMID:28292427 PMID:28461239 PMID:28807897 PMID:29100657 PMID:29184198 PMID:29291974 PMID:29291981 PMID:29357350 PMID:29674432 PMID:30143032 PMID:30399335 differentiated neuron nerve cell neural cell neuronal cell Planarian_Anatomy neuron The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where the apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4570 CL:0000066 PMID:18202849 PMID:19048075 PMID:20865784 PMID:22479207 PMID:24737865 PMID:26114597 PMID:28072387 PMID:28461239 epidermis cell Planarian_Anatomy epithelial cell A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. The cell has a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where the apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4702 CL:0000187 PMID:15972844 PMID:18202849 PMID:19174194 PMID:20422023 PMID:20511647 PMID:21458439 PMID:21828097 PMID:22252539 PMID:22479207 PMID:23318641 PMID:23405188 PMID:23954785 PMID:24415944 PMID:24737865 PMID:25254346 PMID:25558068 PMID:26062938 PMID:27063937 PMID:27523733 PMID:28216315 PMID:28287248 PMID:28292427 PMID:28461239 PMID:28686611 PMID:28807897 PMID:28893948 PMID:30471994 PMID:30962434 muscle fiber myocyte Planarian_Anatomy muscle cell A mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte. This cell has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a muscle cell (arrowheads) cut in a transverse orientation with respect to the fiber length. Note the texture of the cytoplasm that comes from the organization of myofibrils. Scale bar is 1um. A subdivision of an anatomical compartment. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4423 PMID:28292427 PMID:29547123 body region Planarian_Anatomy anatomical region A subdivision of an anatomical compartment. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4475 PMID:16033796 PMID:16344473 PMID:16890156 PMID:17251262 PMID:17553481 PMID:17670787 PMID:17905225 PMID:17942485 PMID:18063757 PMID:18202849 PMID:18287199 PMID:19174194 PMID:19247960 PMID:19933103 PMID:20865784 PMID:20967238 PMID:21282632 PMID:21295481 PMID:21458439 PMID:21664348 PMID:21806978 PMID:21828097 PMID:22125640 PMID:22252539 PMID:22339734 PMID:22385657 PMID:22411224 PMID:22427692 PMID:22439894 PMID:22445864 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318635 PMID:23318641 PMID:23903188 PMID:24063805 PMID:24173799 PMID:24367277 PMID:24704339 PMID:24737865 PMID:24922054 PMID:24950970 PMID:25356635 PMID:25493551 PMID:25772472 PMID:25956527 PMID:26017970 PMID:26459857 PMID:26711341 PMID:26884331 PMID:27013241 PMID:27063937 PMID:27068018 PMID:27074666 PMID:27150006 PMID:27163480 PMID:27240733 PMID:27523733 PMID:27542689 PMID:27612382 PMID:27612384 PMID:27800171 PMID:27864883 PMID:28126842 PMID:28434803 PMID:28461239 PMID:28807897 PMID:28976975 PMID:29273738 PMID:29291981 PMID:30399335 PMID:30471994 PMID:30729158 PMID:30962434 UBERON:0001017 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 CNS head-restricted nervous system Planarian_Anatomy central nervous system The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. Straight or curved rod-like structures within the epidermal cells, oriented with long axis at right angles to the epidermal surface, that are discharged into mucous secretions. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4853 OCLC:16809160 Planarian_Anatomy rhabdite Straight or curved rod-like structures within the epidermal cells, oriented with long axis at right angles to the epidermal surface, that are discharged into mucous secretions. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the epidermis. Inside of the epidermal cells, rhabdites (arrowheads) can be seen in various stages of expansion. Scale bar is 5 um. A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4868 CL:0000151 Planarian_Anatomy secretory cell A cell that specializes in controlled release of one or more substances. Image is an electron micrograph of a viscid gland cell (arrowheads) passing across the basal lamina (BL). This cell secretes a specialized type of mucus. The secretory duct transports mucus to the outside of the animal, through the secretory pore. Ventral is down and scale bar is 5um. An epithelial cell that has cilia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4493 CL:0000067 PMID:24737865 PMID:28461239 PMID:28807897 ciliated epidermal cell Planarian_Anatomy ciliated epithelial cell An epithelial cell that has cilia. An extraembryonic cell, produced by somatic vitellogenic glands in adult hermaphrodites, that provides nutrition to the developing embryo. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4968 CL:0000428 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:22074376 PMID:27149082 PMID:28072387 PMID:28434803 PMID:29674431 vitellocyte Planarian_Anatomy yolk cell An extraembryonic cell, produced by somatic vitellogenic glands in adult hermaphrodites, that provides nutrition to the developing embryo. extra layer of complexity not needed upon further examination obsolete anatomical compartment subdivision feature true foxA1+ neoblasts and their post-mitotic, differentiating daughters required for maintenance and regeneration of the pharynx. Planarian_Anatomy pharynx progenitor cell foxA1+ neoblasts and their post-mitotic, differentiating daughters required for maintenance and regeneration of the pharynx. PMID:24737865 PMID:25254346 Ciliated epithelial cells that assemble into proximal tubules. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4841 PMID:21828097 PMID:29674431 proximal tubule cell Planarian_Anatomy proximal tubule epithelial cell Ciliated epithelial cells that assemble into proximal tubules. Image is an electron micrograph of a proximal tubule epithelial cell (arrowheads). N = nucleus. Note the way the cell is wrapped around the cilia, creating the lumen in the middle. Scale bar is 2um. removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete Schmidtea mediterranea developmental term true Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4939 UBERON:0000479 https://github.com/obophenotype/planaria-ontology/blob/master/metadata/planarefs/planaref-0000000.md Planarian_Anatomy tissue Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4425 UBERON:0000467 Planarian_Anatomy anatomical system Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. Nonciliated epithelial cells that assemble into protonephridial distal tubules. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4525 PMID:21828097 PMID:29674431 distal tubule cell Planarian_Anatomy distal tubule epithelial cell Nonciliated epithelial cells that assemble into protonephridial distal tubules. Image is an electron micrograph showing a cell (outlined) that is part of the collecting duct. Note how much more stained this cell is, compared to the surrounding ones. Also note the visible lumen of the collecting duct inside the cell where it is white and wrinkled. Scale bar is 1um. Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4545 UBERON:0000922 Planarian_Anatomy embryo Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4559 UBERON:0002050 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic structure Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. Nonciliated epithelial cells that assemble into collecting ducts. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4501 PMID:26057828 Planarian_Anatomy collecting duct epithelial cell Nonciliated epithelial cells that assemble into collecting ducts. Image is an electron micrograph showing a cell (outlined) that is part of the collecting duct. Note how much more stained this cell is, compared to the surrounding ones. Also note the visible lumen of the collecting duct inside the cell where it is white and wrinkled. Scale bar is 1um. A post-mitotic, terminally differentiated cell type found in planarian embryos, juveniles and/or adult animals. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4926 PMID:29674432 Planarian_Anatomy terminally differentiated cell A post-mitotic, terminally differentiated cell type found in planarian embryos, juveniles and/or adult animals. A cycling neoblast and/or post-mitotic cell that is primed or irreversibly committed to a tissue-specific differentation program https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4829 PMID:21852957 PMID:29674432 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 precursor cell Planarian_Anatomy progenitor cell A cycling neoblast and/or post-mitotic cell that is primed or irreversibly committed to a tissue-specific differentation program A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4906 CL:0000034 PMID:17376870 PMID:19805089 PMID:20422023 PMID:20707997 PMID:21937596 PMID:22385657 PMID:23123964 PMID:23318635 PMID:24063805 PMID:24173799 PMID:26062938 PMID:26651295 PMID:26711341 PMID:27013241 PMID:27034770 PMID:27501047 PMID:29124009 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 Planarian_Anatomy stem cell A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4611 CL:0000300 PMID:20844018 PMID:23652002 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:27304889 PMID:28434803 Planarian_Anatomy gamete A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. A cell of the embryo. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4546 CL:0002321 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic cell A cell of the embryo. The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4957 UBERON:0002104 Planarian_Anatomy visual system The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4876 UBERON:0001032 Planarian_Anatomy sensory system Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4851 UBERON:0000990 Planarian_Anatomy reproductive system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. Ciliated epithelial cells that assemble into the oviduct. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4749 PMID:22074376 Planarian_Anatomy oviduct epithelial cell Ciliated epithelial cells that assemble into the oviduct. Ciliated epithelial cells comprising the sperm ducts. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4888 PMID:19022767 PMID:22074376 Planarian_Anatomy sperm duct epithelial cell Ciliated epithelial cells comprising the sperm ducts. replacing with UBERON term obsolete anatomical structure true piwi-1+, nkx1-1+ progenitor neoblasts required for specification of circular muscle fibers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4498 PMID:29168507 Planarian_Anatomy circular muscle progenitor cell piwi-1+, nkx1-1+ progenitor neoblasts required for specification of circular muscle fibers. Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4827 UBERON:0001048 Planarian_Anatomy primordium Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete gametogenesis true A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4668 PMID:18202849 PMID:7466176 mechanoreceptor Planarian_Anatomy mechanoreceptor cell A cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. piwi-1+, myoD+, snail-1+ progenitor neoblasts required for specification and creation of longitudinal muscle fibers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4661 PMID:29168507 Planarian_Anatomy longitudinal muscle progenitor cell piwi-1+, myoD+, snail-1+ progenitor neoblasts required for specification and creation of longitudinal muscle fibers. Cells expressing nanos that are located ventrally in the location that the ovaries form. Primordial germ cells are present in both asexual adults and sexual hermaphrodites. This term may be redundant with oogonial stem cell. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4589 PMID:17390146 Planarian_Anatomy female primordial germ cell Cells expressing nanos that are located ventrally in the location that the ovaries form. Primordial germ cells are present in both asexual adults and sexual hermaphrodites. This term may be redundant with oogonial stem cell. Anatomical structure that is an individual member of of Schmidtea mediterranea or any other flatworm of the class Turbellaria. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4962 PMID:17251262 PMID:26711341 PMID:27502555 PMID:28976975 PMID:29906446 UBERON:0000468 WW intact animal intact planarian whole animal whole body whole worm Planarian_Anatomy whole organism Anatomical structure that is an individual member of of Schmidtea mediterranea or any other flatworm of the class Turbellaria. The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4846 GO:0031099 GOC:mah GOC:pr Wikipedia:Regeneration:(biology) regernative development Planarian_Anatomy regeneration The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass). PROG-2-5 positive granules that range in size from 0.5um to 1um present in epithelia and epithelia progenitor cells. These are distinct from rhabdites. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4636 PMID:29100657 Planarian_Anatomy Hyman vesicle PROG-2-5 positive granules that range in size from 0.5um to 1um present in epithelia and epithelia progenitor cells. These are distinct from rhabdites. Image is an immunoelectron micrograph depicting hyman vesicles in the apical side of an epidermal cell. Scale bar is 1um. Compartment along the anteroposterior axis closer to the head rather than the tail, from the head margin to the esophagus. anterior region of whole organism Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000140 anterior region of the whole animal Compartment along the anteroposterior axis closer to the head rather than the tail, from the head margin to the esophagus. OCLC:16809160 Three dimensional compartment along the dorsoventral axis that is above the anteroposterior axis, containing the eyes. dorsal region of whole organism Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000141 dorsal region of the whole animal Three dimensional compartment along the dorsoventral axis that is above the anteroposterior axis, containing the eyes. Three dimensional compartment along the anteroposterior axis that is closer to the tail rather than the head, from the anterior boundary of the pharyngeal pouch to the tip of the tail. posterior compartment of whole organism Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000142 posterior compartment of the whole animal Three dimensional compartment along the anteroposterior axis that is closer to the tail rather than the head, from the anterior boundary of the pharyngeal pouch to the tip of the tail. Compartment along the dorsoventral axis that is below the anteroposterior axis. ventral region of whole organism Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000143 ventral region of the whole animal Compartment along the dorsoventral axis that is below the anteroposterior axis. The passageway connecting the genital atrium to the copulatory bursa. Part of the copulatory apparatus. During mating, sperm from a partner is deposited into the bursal canal, where it collects in the copulatory bursa before travelling up the oviducts to the tuba. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4460 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:20967238 PMID:22074376 PMID:25278423 PMID:27149082 Planarian_Anatomy bursal canal The passageway connecting the genital atrium to the copulatory bursa. Part of the copulatory apparatus. During mating, sperm from a partner is deposited into the bursal canal, where it collects in the copulatory bursa before travelling up the oviducts to the tuba. The gonopore, a component of the copulatory apparatus, is an opening located on the ventral side of the animal posterior to the pharynx. The gonopore is the sole point of exit and entry for the reproductive system, allowing from reciprocal exchange of sperm during copulation and egg capsule laying. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4631 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16344473 PMID:19247960 PMID:20967238 PMID:21566185 PMID:22074376 PMID:22899852 PMID:25278423 PMID:27149082 PMID:28072387 PMID:28434803 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 common gonopore genital pore Planarian_Anatomy gonopore The gonopore, a component of the copulatory apparatus, is an opening located on the ventral side of the animal posterior to the pharynx. The gonopore is the sole point of exit and entry for the reproductive system, allowing from reciprocal exchange of sperm during copulation and egg capsule laying. A gonad containing female germline stem cells which fuel oocyte production. Two ovaries are located ventally, underneath the body wall musculature, immediately posterior to the cephalic ganglia (brain) and adjacent to the ventral nerve cords. The neoblast compartment, including piwi-1+, nanos+ primordial germ cells, fuel formation of the ovaries during juvenile development. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4745 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16344473 PMID:17376870 PMID:17390146 PMID:18456843 PMID:19247960 PMID:20844018 PMID:20967238 PMID:22074376 PMID:22318224 PMID:22371573 PMID:23652002 PMID:25278423 PMID:25404302 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:27330085 PMID:28072387 PMID:28434803 PMID:28812561 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 female gonad Planarian_Anatomy ovary A gonad containing female germline stem cells which fuel oocyte production. Two ovaries are located ventally, underneath the body wall musculature, immediately posterior to the cephalic ganglia (brain) and adjacent to the ventral nerve cords. The neoblast compartment, including piwi-1+, nanos+ primordial germ cells, fuel formation of the ovaries during juvenile development. Ciliated tubes adjacent to the ventral nerve cords, adjoining the tuba and the bursal canal, that transport fertilized oocytes to the genital atrium. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4748 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16344473 PMID:17376870 PMID:19247960 PMID:20844018 PMID:20967238 PMID:22074376 PMID:23652002 PMID:25278423 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:28072387 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 ovovitilline duct Planarian_Anatomy oviduct Ciliated tubes adjacent to the ventral nerve cords, adjoining the tuba and the bursal canal, that transport fertilized oocytes to the genital atrium. A rounded protuberance, connected to the seminal vesicles, responsible for transferring semen into a mating partner's bursal canal. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4761 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:20967238 PMID:22074376 PMID:23652002 PMID:25278423 PMID:27074666 PMID:28072387 PMID:28434803 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 penis penis bulb Planarian_Anatomy penis papilla A rounded protuberance, connected to the seminal vesicles, responsible for transferring semen into a mating partner's bursal canal. A network of tubes that transport sperm from the testes to the seminal vesicles. Tubes connect each testis to ducts that run along the ventral nerve cords. The ducts bifurcate immediately posterior to the pharynx, where they connect to the seminal vesicles. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4887 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:17390146 PMID:19022767 PMID:19247960 PMID:20844018 PMID:20967238 PMID:22074376 PMID:23652002 PMID:25278423 PMID:27149082 PMID:27304889 PMID:28072387 PMID:28434803 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 seminal duct sperm ductule Planarian_Anatomy sperm duct A network of tubes that transport sperm from the testes to the seminal vesicles. Tubes connect each testis to ducts that run along the ventral nerve cords. The ducts bifurcate immediately posterior to the pharynx, where they connect to the seminal vesicles. A gonad containing male germline stem cells which fuel sperm production. Testes are located dorsolaterally, and are excluded from the head. The neoblast compartment, including piwi-1+, nanos+ primordial germ cells, fuels formation of testes during juvenile development and regeneration. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4928 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16344473 PMID:17376870 PMID:18456843 PMID:19022767 PMID:19247960 PMID:20844018 PMID:20967238 PMID:22074376 PMID:22318224 PMID:22371573 PMID:23629965 PMID:23652002 PMID:25278423 PMID:25404302 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:27304889 PMID:27330085 PMID:28072387 PMID:28434803 PMID:28812561 PMID:29095551 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 male gonad testis lobe testis lobule Planarian_Anatomy testis A gonad containing male germline stem cells which fuel sperm production. Testes are located dorsolaterally, and are excluded from the head. The neoblast compartment, including piwi-1+, nanos+ primordial germ cells, fuels formation of testes during juvenile development and regeneration. replacing with UBERON term obsolete developing anatomical structure true Primitive ectoderm cells differentiate from the blastomere population, exit the cell cycle and interact to boud the embryo during Stage 2. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4823 OCLC:20423827 OCLC:464776945 OCLC:82522822 PMID:28072387 https://github.com/obophenotype/planaria-ontology/blob/master/metadata/planarefs/planaref-0000001.md Planarian_Anatomy primitive ectoderm cell Primitive ectoderm cells differentiate from the blastomere population, exit the cell cycle and interact to boud the embryo during Stage 2. replace with blastomere only obsolete blastomere compartment true A sexually immature member of the Schmidtea mediterranea sexuallly reproducing biotype. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4649 Planarian_Anatomy juvenile A sexually immature member of the Schmidtea mediterranea sexuallly reproducing biotype. Products of the reproductive system include gametes, zygotes, yolk cells and egg capsules. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4852 Planarian_Anatomy reproductive system product Products of the reproductive system include gametes, zygotes, yolk cells and egg capsules. A proteinaceous, semi-permeable shell housing yolk cells and one or more embryos.Egg capsules are anchored to a substrate via a stalk. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4541 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16344473 PMID:17376870 PMID:18942102 PMID:20967238 PMID:22074376 PMID:22371573 PMID:25278423 PMID:27149082 PMID:28072387 PMID:28434803 PMID:28812561 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 capsule cocoon Planarian_Anatomy egg capsule A proteinaceous, semi-permeable shell housing yolk cells and one or more embryos.Egg capsules are anchored to a substrate via a stalk. Depicted by field shows a light microscopy image of egg capsules with a scale bar of 3mm Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4629 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16344473 PMID:17376870 PMID:17390146 PMID:20844018 PMID:22074376 PMID:22252538 PMID:22371573 PMID:23652002 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:28434803 PMID:28976975 UBERON:0000991 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 Planarian_Anatomy gonad Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). Cells coexpressing piwi-1 and nanos that are required for male gonad formation. Primordial germ cells are present in both asexual adults and sexual hermaphrodites. This term may be redundant with spermatogonial stem cell. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4666 PMID:17376870 PMID:17390146 Planarian_Anatomy male primordial germ cell Cells coexpressing piwi-1 and nanos that are required for male gonad formation. Primordial germ cells are present in both asexual adults and sexual hermaphrodites. This term may be redundant with spermatogonial stem cell. gh4+, nanos+ cells residing at the testis periphery that self-renew and give rise to differentiating daughters that will ultimately produce haploid sperm. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4894 PMID:19022767 PMID:20844018 PMID:27163480 PMID:27330085 SSC male germline stem cell Planarian_Anatomy spermatogonial stem cell gh4+, nanos+ cells residing at the testis periphery that self-renew and give rise to differentiating daughters that will ultimately produce haploid sperm. An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. In planaria, the gh4+ stem cell daughter exiting the niche undergoes three rounds of transit amplifying division with incomplete cytokinesis prior to transitioning to terminal differentiation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4895 CL:0000020 PMID:23629965 PMID:27163480 PMID:27330085 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 spermatogonial cell Planarian_Anatomy spermatogonium An euploid male germ cell of an early stage of spermatogenesis. In planaria, the gh4+ stem cell daughter exiting the niche undergoes three rounds of transit amplifying division with incomplete cytokinesis prior to transitioning to terminal differentiation. A tektin-1+ male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4893 CL:0000017 PMID:17376870 PMID:20844018 PMID:22074376 PMID:25278423 PMID:25404302 PMID:27163480 PMID:27304889 PMID:27330085 PMID:29095551 primary spermatocyte Planarian_Anatomy spermatocyte A tektin-1+ male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4892 CL:0000018 PMID:17376870 PMID:20844018 PMID:22074376 PMID:25278423 PMID:25404302 PMID:27163480 PMID:27304889 PMID:27330085 Planarian_Anatomy spermatid A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. A piwi-1+, nanos+ cell residing in the ovary that self-renews and give rise to oogonial cells that differentiate into oocytes. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4734 PMID:19022767 PMID:20844018 PMID:23652002 PMID:25278423 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:27330085 female germ cell female germline cell female germline stem cell oogonial stem cell ovarian germline stem cell Planarian_Anatomy oogonial stem cell A piwi-1+, nanos+ cell residing in the ovary that self-renews and give rise to oogonial cells that differentiate into oocytes. Glands surrounding the genital atrium that are required for production of the proteinaceous egg capsule shell and stalk. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4474 ASIN:B000M4NK9M ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:18942102 PMID:20967238 PMID:22074376 PMID:23652002 PMID:25278423 PMID:27149082 shell gland Planarian_Anatomy cement gland Glands surrounding the genital atrium that are required for production of the proteinaceous egg capsule shell and stalk. removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete oviparity true removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete cross-fertilization true 1. A gamete (as an egg or sperm cell) or one of its antecedent cells. 2. A mature male or female germ cell usually possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4622 BTO:0000535 Planarian_Anatomy germ cell 1. A gamete (as an egg or sperm cell) or one of its antecedent cells. 2. A mature male or female germ cell usually possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex. A male germ cell is a germ cell that supports male gamete production. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4665 CL:0000015 PMID:23652002 PMID:27304889 PMID:27330085 Planarian_Anatomy male germ cell A male germ cell is a germ cell that supports male gamete production. Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4588 CL:0000021 Planarian_Anatomy female germ cell Female germ cell is a germ cell that supports female gamete production. A sperm storage organ located immediately posterior to the ovary, at the anterior end of the oviduct. Oocytes exiting the ovary are fertilized in the tuba as they enter the oviduct. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4945 PMID:19022767 PMID:20844018 PMID:22074376 PMID:25278423 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:28434803 Planarian_Anatomy tuba A sperm storage organ located immediately posterior to the ovary, at the anterior end of the oviduct. Oocytes exiting the ovary are fertilized in the tuba as they enter the oviduct. Glands surrounding the oviducts which produce yolk cells. Yolk cells deposited into the oviducts travel to the genital atrium where they are packaged, along with one or more zygotes, into developing egg capsules. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4959 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16344473 PMID:16932928 PMID:17390146 PMID:18942102 PMID:19247960 PMID:22074376 PMID:23652002 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:27501047 PMID:28072387 PMID:28434803 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 vitellaria vitellarium yolk gland Planarian_Anatomy vitelline gland Glands surrounding the oviducts which produce yolk cells. Yolk cells deposited into the oviducts travel to the genital atrium where they are packaged, along with one or more zygotes, into developing egg capsules. Accessory reproductive structures involved in copulation, egg capsule development and laying. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4503 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16344473 PMID:17376870 PMID:17390146 PMID:19247960 PMID:20967238 PMID:22074376 PMID:23652002 PMID:27149082 PMID:27163480 PMID:28434803 copulatory complex Planarian_Anatomy copulatory apparatus Accessory reproductive structures involved in copulation, egg capsule development and laying. An organ that receives and stores sperm from mating partners. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4504 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:20967238 PMID:22074376 PMID:25278423 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 bursa male antrum Planarian_Anatomy copulatory bursa An organ that receives and stores sperm from mating partners. Glandular pouches adjoining the sperm ducts which produce seminal fluid. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4873 PMID:19022767 PMID:22074376 Planarian_Anatomy seminal vesicle Glandular pouches adjoining the sperm ducts which produce seminal fluid. A cyst of 8 interconnected spermatocytes undergoes meiosis, producing 32 haploid round spermatids. Round spermatids express protein kinase A, andundergo morphogenesis to produce mature sperm. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4856 PMID:20844018 PMID:27163480 PMID:27304889 PMID:27330085 PMID:29095551 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 Planarian_Anatomy round spermatid A cyst of 8 interconnected spermatocytes undergoes meiosis, producing 32 haploid round spermatids. Round spermatids express protein kinase A, andundergo morphogenesis to produce mature sperm. Spermatids expressing protein kinase A undergoing morphogenic changes to make mature sperm. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4544 PMID:20844018 PMID:27163480 PMID:27304889 PMID:27330085 PMID:29095551 elongating spermatid Planarian_Anatomy elongate spermatid Spermatids expressing protein kinase A undergoing morphogenic changes to make mature sperm. An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4733 FMA:83673 Planarian_Anatomy oogonial cell An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. Any collection of muscles that is part of a body wall [Automatically generated definition]. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4454 BSA:0000058 BTO:0001863 FMA:86931 PMID:19048075 PMID:19174194 PMID:21828097 PMID:22385657 PMID:24992682 PMID:27063937 PMID:27074666 PMID:28171748 PMID:29100657 PMID:29547123 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:30471994 PMID:30962434 UBERON:0004462 WBbt:0005813 BWM body muscle body wall muscle body wall muscles body-wall muscle body-wall musculature muscle layer surrounding the body wall Planarian_Anatomy body wall musculature Any collection of muscles that is part of a body wall [Automatically generated definition]. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/Image is an electron micrograph of the dorsal epidermis, basal lamina (BL), and underlying body wall musculature. Three types of muscle cells have been color coded form superficial to deep_ Circular muscle = magenta; longitudinal muscle = green; diagonal muscle = red. Scale bar is 2um. Pharynx muscle fibers running anteroposterior (proximal to distal). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4776 ASIN:B000M4NK9M pharyngeal longitudinal muscle cell pharyngeal longitudinal muscle fiber pharynx longitudinal muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy pharynx longitudinal muscle cell Pharynx muscle fibers running anteroposterior (proximal to distal). Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. The inner longitudinal muscle (arrowheads) is immediately deep to the inner circular muscle of the pharynx. Magenta = circular; green = longitudinal; red = radial. Scale bar is 2 um. replacing with UBERON term obsolete anatomical cavity true replacing with UBERON term obsolete anatomical entity true replacing with UBERON term obsolete immaterial anatomical entity true replacing with UBERON term obsolete anatomical point true replacing with UBERON term obsolete anatomical space true Anatomical space enclosed by the pharynx inner epithelium. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4777 PMID:17251262 PMID:26711341 PMID:27502555 PMID:28976975 PMID:29906446 UBERON:0000468 cavity of pharynx pharyngeal lumen pharynx cavity Planarian_Anatomy pharynx lumen Anatomical space enclosed by the pharynx inner epithelium. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining section of a asexual adult animal. Cavity of pharynx is indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 250um An anatomical space that is surrounded by a digestive tract. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4520 PMID:17553481 PMID:21664348 PMID:21828097 PMID:28072387 UBERON:0006909 digestive system lumen gut cavity lumen of digestive tract Planarian_Anatomy digestive tract lumen An anatomical space that is surrounded by a digestive tract. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin staining on a coronal section of a asexual adult animal. The lumen of the digestive tract is indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 250um The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4974 PMID:17670787 PMID:29674431 PMID:30399335 pharyngeal mouth opening pharynx opening Planarian_Anatomy oral opening The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. Anatomical space between the pharynx and the epithelial cells comprising parapharyngeal pouch. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4789 OCLC:16809160 pharnygeal cavity pharyngeal pouch cavity Planarian_Anatomy pharynx pouch cavity Anatomical space between the pharynx and the epithelial cells comprising parapharyngeal pouch. Depicted by field contains hematoxylin and eosin stainingcoronal section section of a asexual adult animal. Parapharyngeal pouch cavity is indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 250um The apical surface of the single layered epidermis that is in contact with the environment. apical surface of epidermis Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000409 apical surface of the epidermis The apical surface of the single layered epidermis that is in contact with the environment. Electron micrograph of the dorsal epidermis in a transverse plane from an asexual adult animal. The apical epidermis surface is noted with magenta arrows. Scale bar is 5um. The basal surface of the epidermis in direct contact with the basal lamina. basal surface of epidermis Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0000410 basal surface of the epidermis The basal surface of the epidermis in direct contact with the basal lamina. Electron micrograph of the dorsal epidermis in a transverse plane. The basal epidermis surface is noted with magenta arrows. Scale bar is 5um. The surface of the gastrodermis in contact with the gut lumen. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4618 PMID:21664348 lumen gut surface Planarian_Anatomy gastrodermis surface The surface of the gastrodermis in contact with the gut lumen. The depicted by field is a hemotoxylin and eosin stained coronal section encompassing the anterior primary gut branch. The lumen gut surface is marked by black arrows. Scale bar is 200um. The epithelial surface lining the interior of the pharynx, facing the lumen. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4773 UBERON:0001731 pharyngeal inner epidermis surface pharyngeal inner epithelial surface pharyngeal lumen epithelial surface pharynx inner epidermis surface pharynx lumen epithelial surface Planarian_Anatomy pharynx inner epithelium surface The epithelial surface lining the interior of the pharynx, facing the lumen. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. An epidermal cell, a part of the inner epithelial layer, has been marked with arrowheads. Immediately deep to the inner epithelial layer of the pharynx is musculature that has been colored. Magenta = circular; blue = longitudinal; yellow = radial. Scale bar is 5 um. Epithelial surface covering the outside of the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4785 PMID:24120894 PMID:29865769 doi:10.1002/jmor.1052060308 pharyngeal outer epidermis surface pharyngeal outer epithelial surface pharynx outer epidermis surface pharynx outer side Planarian_Anatomy pharynx outer epithelium surface Epithelial surface covering the outside of the pharynx. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. The pharynx pouch cavity is at the top. The outer epithelium has been labeled with arrowheads. Immediately deep to the outer epithelial layer of the pharynx is musculature that has been colored. Red = circular; blue = longitudinal. Scale bar is 2 um. The surface of the parapharyngeal pouch facing the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4791 OCLC:16809160 pharyngeal pouch surface pharynx pouch surface Planarian_Anatomy pharynx pouch epithelial surface The surface of the parapharyngeal pouch facing the pharynx. The depicted by field is a hemotoxylin and eosin stained coronal section encompassing the pharynx and surrounding tissues. Anterior is up. The parapharyngeal pouch surface is marked by black arrows. Scale bar is 200um. replacing with UBERON term obsolete organism subdivision true Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole adult or juvenile organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4511 Planarian_Anatomy definitive organism subdivision Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole adult or juvenile organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems. The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. A three dimensional compartment bounded by the anterior margin or the head and the posterior boundary of the cephalic ganglia (brain). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4634 UBERON:0000033 Planarian_Anatomy head The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. A three dimensional compartment bounded by the anterior margin or the head and the posterior boundary of the cephalic ganglia (brain). Depicted by field contains diagram representation of body region. Region of the juvenile or adult animal between the posterior end of the cephalic ganglia and the anterior end of the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4817 OCLC:16809160 neck pre-pharyngeal region pre-pharynx region Planarian_Anatomy prepharyngeal region Region of the juvenile or adult animal between the posterior end of the cephalic ganglia and the anterior end of the pharynx. Depicted by field contains diagram representation of body region. Region of the animal lateral to and surrounding the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4754 PMID:22125640 PMID:25956527 PMID:26651295 PMID:28807897 PMID:29674431 PMID:30143032 para-pharyngeal parapharyngeal peri-pharyngeal peripharyngeal region trunk Planarian_Anatomy Trunk is a synonym here because the parapharyngeal region is always contained in a trunk fragment. However, a trunk fragment may also contain some neck and some tail. parapharyngeal region Region of the animal lateral to and surrounding the pharynx. Depicted by field contains diagram representation of body region. Caudal region, beginning at the mouth and ending at posterior pole. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4915 Planarian_Anatomy tail Caudal region, beginning at the mouth and ending at posterior pole. Depicted by field contains diagram representation of body region. Medial region of the tail; the parenchymal space between the posterior primary gut branches. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4917 Planarian_Anatomy tail stripe Medial region of the tail; the parenchymal space between the posterior primary gut branches. Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole developing/ embryonic organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4560 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic subdivision Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole developing/ embryonic organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems. replacing with UBERON term obsolete material anatomical entity true extra layer of complexity not needed upon further examination obsolete definitive anatomical structure true replacing with UBERON term obsolete acellular anatomical structure true An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4700 UBERON:0010000 Planarian_Anatomy multicellular anatomical structure An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. Total musculature of the planarian body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4704 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:15866156 PMID:17942485 PMID:20707997 PMID:24950970 PMID:27068018 PMID:28137894 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON:0001015 muscular system musculature Planarian_Anatomy musculature system Total musculature of the planarian body. A heterogeneous population of pluripotent, somatic adult stem cells and lineage primed progenitors that are required for maintenance and regeneration of all cell types in planaria, including the germline. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4705 PMID:15866156 PMID:15972844 PMID:16033796 PMID:16311336 PMID:16344473 PMID:16890156 PMID:17251262 PMID:17376870 PMID:17390146 PMID:17553481 PMID:17670787 PMID:17905225 PMID:18063755 PMID:18202849 PMID:18287199 PMID:18456843 PMID:18786419 PMID:19048075 PMID:19174194 PMID:19247960 PMID:19564616 PMID:19766622 PMID:19805089 PMID:20040488 PMID:20215344 PMID:20223763 PMID:20599901 PMID:20844018 PMID:21179477 PMID:21179478 PMID:21282632 PMID:21356107 PMID:21458439 PMID:21566185 PMID:21664348 PMID:21747960 PMID:21806978 PMID:21852957 PMID:21894189 PMID:21937596 PMID:22125640 PMID:22223737 PMID:22252538 PMID:22252539 PMID:22318224 PMID:22339734 PMID:22371573 PMID:22385657 PMID:22411224 PMID:22427692 PMID:22439894 PMID:22445864 PMID:22451003 PMID:22479207 PMID:22543868 PMID:22549959 PMID:22696458 PMID:22884275 PMID:22899852 PMID:23079596 PMID:23235145 PMID:23250205 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318635 PMID:23318641 PMID:23405188 PMID:23629965 PMID:23903188 PMID:23954785 PMID:24040508 PMID:24063805 PMID:24120894 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24238224 PMID:24367277 PMID:24415944 PMID:24523458 PMID:24704339 PMID:24737865 PMID:24903754 PMID:24922054 PMID:24992682 PMID:25017721 PMID:25254346 PMID:25278423 PMID:25356635 PMID:25956527 PMID:26057828 PMID:26114597 PMID:26457503 PMID:26459857 PMID:26516985 PMID:26525673 PMID:26556349 PMID:26618653 PMID:26651295 PMID:26884331 PMID:27013241 PMID:27063937 PMID:27068018 PMID:27122174 PMID:27149082 PMID:27150006 PMID:27163480 PMID:27304889 PMID:27441386 PMID:27501047 PMID:27502555 PMID:27523733 PMID:27542689 PMID:27551436 PMID:27606067 PMID:27612384 PMID:27654173 PMID:27864883 PMID:28072387 PMID:28137894 PMID:28171748 PMID:28216315 PMID:28287248 PMID:28292427 PMID:28461239 PMID:28686611 PMID:28757112 PMID:28893948 PMID:29095551 PMID:29100657 PMID:29124009 PMID:29273738 PMID:29291974 PMID:29364871 PMID:29547123 PMID:29557542 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:29906446 PMID:30143032 PMID:30194301 PMID:30237141 PMID:30282036 PMID:30297872 PMID:30471994 PMID:30485821 PMID:30729158 PMID:30962434 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 https://github.com/obophenotype/planaria-ontology/blob/master/metadata/planarefs/planaref-0000004.md ASC adult somatic stem cell adult stem cell cycling cell irradiation-sensitive cell neoblast compartment pASC planarian adult stem cell planarian stem cell somatic stem cell Planarian_Anatomy neoblast A heterogeneous population of pluripotent, somatic adult stem cells and lineage primed progenitors that are required for maintenance and regeneration of all cell types in planaria, including the germline. Image is an electron micrograph showing a neoblast undergoing mitotic telophase (outlined). The condensed chromatin is visible toward the left side of the cell and has been outlined by the nuclear envelope. Scale bar is 1um. A part of an epithelial cell. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4571 Planarian_Anatomy epithelial cell component A part of an epithelial cell. Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4741 PMID:29547123 UBERON:0000062 Planarian_Anatomy organ Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions. replacing with UBERON term obsolete regenerating anatomical structure true replacing with GO term obsolete cellular component true A decussation of the diencephalon where the fibers of the optic nerve cross https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4735 AAO:0010622 BAMS:DC BAMS:OC BAMS:och BAMS:ox BM:Tel-OCX C90609 DHBA:10644 DMBA:17783 EHDAA2:0001302 EHDAA:10227 EMAPA:17603 FMA:62045 GAID:832 HBA:9310 MA:0001098 MBA:117 MESH:D009897 Optic:chiasm PMID:15866156 PMID:16033796 PMID:17553481 PMID:17905225 PMID:18202849 PMID:18466009 PMID:19048075 PMID:19211673 PMID:21282632 PMID:22339734 PMID:22445864 PMID:25356635 PMID:25493551 PMID:26618653 PMID:27800171 PMID:28495872 PMID:30194301 PMID:30962434 TAO:0000556 UBERON:0000959 UMLS:C0029126 VHOG:0000190 XAO:0004071 ZFA:0000556 birnlex:1416 http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=459 http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0029126 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/244453006 chiasm chiasma chiasma nervorum opticorum chiasma opticum decussation of optic nerve fibers optic chiasm (Rufus of Ephesus) optic chiasma optic chiasmata Planarian_Anatomy optic chiasm A decussation of the diencephalon where the fibers of the optic nerve cross A bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two cephalic ganglia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4427 UBERON:0000935 anterior brain commissure Planarian_Anatomy anterior commissure A bundle of nerve fibers connecting the two cephalic ganglia. Nerve branches that extend from the lateral side of each cephalic ganglia lobe. Each lobe has nine lateral branches which terminate in sensory organs. Evidence suggests they play a role in chemosensation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4651 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:12128224 PMID:18287199 PMID:18466009 PMID:20422023 PMID:21282632 PMID:21806978 PMID:24922054 PMID:25254346 PMID:27612384 PMID:29674431 PMID:30399335 PMID:4452894 PMID:9493832 bilateral cephalic ganglia branch brain branch cephalic brain branch cephalic branch lateral brain branch Planarian_Anatomy lateral branch Nerve branches that extend from the lateral side of each cephalic ganglia lobe. Each lobe has nine lateral branches which terminate in sensory organs. Evidence suggests they play a role in chemosensation. A cell that performs a sensory function. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4874 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:17251262 PMID:17942485 Planarian_Anatomy sensory cell A cell that performs a sensory function. Neurons that express choline acetyltransferase. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4486 PMID:20338223 PMID:21566185 PMID:23652002 PMID:23903188 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24950970 PMID:25356635 PMID:26525673 PMID:27163480 PMID:27612382 PMID:27864883 PMID:28126842 PMID:28137894 PMID:29291981 PMID:30143032 PMID:30194301 acetylcholinergic neuron Planarian_Anatomy cholinergic neuron Neurons that express choline acetyltransferase. Neurons that express glutamine decarboxylase. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4610 PMID:18440152 PMID:23903188 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24922054 PMID:24950970 PMID:25356635 PMID:26525673 PMID:27864883 PMID:28216315 PMID:29291981 PMID:30194301 PMID:30485821 GABA neuron GABAergic cell gabanergic neuron inhibitory neuron Planarian_Anatomy GABAergic neuron Neurons that express glutamine decarboxylase. Plexus of nerves located in the pharynx comprised of inner and outer wall rings. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4780 PMID:16033796 PMID:17905225 PMID:20967238 PMID:23250205 PMID:23297191 nerve ganglia of pharynx neural plexus of the pharynx pharyngeal nerve plexus pharyngeal nerve ring pharyngeal nervous system pharyngeal neural plexus pharynx nerve ring Planarian_Anatomy pharynx nerve plexus Plexus of nerves located in the pharynx comprised of inner and outer wall rings. Plexus of nerves located just between the epidermis and the body wall musculature. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4907 PMID:27612384 doi:10.1002/jmor.1051550208 Planarian_Anatomy subepidermal nerve plexus Plexus of nerves located just between the epidermis and the body wall musculature. Plexus of nerves that innervate the body wall musculature. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4908 Planarian_Anatomy submuscular nerve plexus Plexus of nerves that innervate the body wall musculature. A thin net of single nerve fibers located around the gut. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4616 PMID:17999079 doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051550208 Planarian_Anatomy gastrodermal plexus A thin net of single nerve fibers located around the gut. A cluster of neurites that is part of a nervous system and forms a network of dendrites and axons where synapses are present and in which neuronal somata do not occur. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4716 BTO:0005268 C12617 CALOHA:TS-2403 FBbt:00005139 FMA:261269 GAID:740 MESH:D019581 NIF:Subcellular:sao205380252 PMID:16033796 PMID:17553481 PMID:24173799 PMID:24950970 PMID:25356635 PMID:27612382 PMID:27612384 PMID:29291974 PMID:29291981 UBERON:0002606 UMLS:C0228081 birnlex:1142 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropil http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0228081 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/67146008 central neuropil cephalic ganglia neuropil neuropilus Planarian_Anatomy neuropil A cluster of neurites that is part of a nervous system and forms a network of dendrites and axons where synapses are present and in which neuronal somata do not occur. Heavily ciliated epidermal cells covering the outer surface of the pharynx shaft. These are "insunk" epidermal cells in which the nuclei reside behind the layers of longitudinal and circumferential muscles and the epithelial cell body sends out a ciliated projection to the surface to cover and encase the shaft. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4784 ASIN:B000M4NK9M PMID:29674431 epithelial pharynx lining outer pharyngeal epidermis outer pharyngeal epithelium outer pharynx epidermis outer pharynx epithelium Planarian_Anatomy pharynx outer epithelium Heavily ciliated epidermal cells covering the outer surface of the pharynx shaft. These are "insunk" epidermal cells in which the nuclei reside behind the layers of longitudinal and circumferential muscles and the epithelial cell body sends out a ciliated projection to the surface to cover and encase the shaft. Pharynx muscle fibers thar run circumferentially about the pharynx and lie just beneath the outer longitudinal pharynx muscles. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4782 ASIN:B000M4NK9M ISBN:9780070316607 outer circular muscle layer pharyneal outer circular muscle fiber pharyngeal outer circular muscle cell pharynx outer circular muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy pharynx outer circular muscle cell Pharynx muscle fibers thar run circumferentially about the pharynx and lie just beneath the outer longitudinal pharynx muscles. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. The pharynx pouch cavity is at the top. The outer circular muscle (arrowheads) is immediately deep to the outer longitudinal muscle of the pharynx. Red = circular; blue = longitudinal. Scale bar is 2 um. Pharynx muscle fiber that runs circumferentially about the pharynx and lies just beneath the inner logitudinal pharynx muscle fibers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4770 ASIN:B000M4NK9M inner circular muscle layer pharyngeal inner circular muscle cell pharyngeal inner circular muscle fiber pharynx inner circular muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy pharynx inner circular muscle cell Pharynx muscle fiber that runs circumferentially about the pharynx and lies just beneath the inner logitudinal pharynx muscle fibers. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. The pharynx lumen it to the left. The inner circular muscle (arrowheads) is immediately deep to the inner epithelial layer of the pharynx. Magenta = circular; green = longitudinal; red = radial. Scale bar is 2 um. Pharynx muscle fibers running anteroposterior which lie beneath both the inner circular muscle fibers and the apical, ciliated portion of the epithium lining the lumenal surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4774 ASIN:B000M4NK9M ISBN:9780070316607 inner longitudinal muscle layer pharyngeal inner longitudinal muscle cell pharyngeal inner longitudinal muscle fiber pharynx inner longitudinal muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy pharynx inner longitudinal muscle cell Pharynx muscle fibers running anteroposterior which lie beneath both the inner circular muscle fibers and the apical, ciliated portion of the epithium lining the lumenal surface. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. The inner longitudinal muscle (arrowheads) is immediately deep to the inner circular muscle of the pharynx. Magenta = circular; green = longitudinal; red = radial. Scale bar is 2 um. Pharynx muscle fibers running anteroposterior which lie just underneath the apical, cilaited portion of the outer epithelium. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4786 ASIN:B000M4NK9M pharyngeal outer longitudinal muscle cell pharyngeal outer longitudinal muscle fiber pharynx outer longitudinal muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy pharynx outer longitudinal muscle cell Pharynx muscle fibers running anteroposterior which lie just underneath the apical, cilaited portion of the outer epithelium. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. The pharynx pouch cavity is at the top. The outer longitudinal muscle (arrowheads) is immediately deep to the outer epithelium of the pharynx. Red = circular; blue = longitudinal. Scale bar is 2 um. Pharynx muscle fibers that run radially, connecting the outer muscle fibers and epithelia with their inner counterparts. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4794 ASIN:B000M4NK9M PMID:28072387 pharyngeal radial muscle cell pharyngeal radial muscle fiber pharynx radial muscle fiber radial muscle cell radial muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy pharynx radial muscle cell Pharynx muscle fibers that run radially, connecting the outer muscle fibers and epithelia with their inner counterparts. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. Immediately deep to the inner epithelial layer of the pharynx is musculature that has been colored. Magenta = circular; blue = longitudinal; yellow = radial. Scale bar is 5 um. The total musculature within the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4779 PMID:26904543 PMID:29674432 SBN:9780070316607 UBERON:0004467 pharyngeal musculature pharynx muscle pharynx musculature Planarian_Anatomy pharynx musculature The total musculature within the pharynx. Ring of the pharynx nerve plexus that is proximal to the lumen. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4775 ISBN:9780070316607 inner pharyngeal nerve ring inner pharynx nerve ring pharynx inner nerve plexus Planarian_Anatomy pharynx inner nerve plexus Ring of the pharynx nerve plexus that is proximal to the lumen. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. Neuronal cells/tissue are marked with arrowheads. The inner nerve plexus is immediately deep to the inner longitudinal musculature. Magenta = circular; blue = longitudinal; yellow = radial. Scale bar is 5 um. Ring of the pharynx nerve plexus that is proximal to the exterior surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4787 PMID:27612384 doi:10.1002/jmor.1051550208 outer pharyngeal nerve ring outer pharynx nerve plexus outer pharynx nerve ring Planarian_Anatomy pharynx outer nerve plexus Ring of the pharynx nerve plexus that is proximal to the exterior surface. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx.The pharynx pouch cavity is at the top. The outer nerve plexus (arrowheads) is immediately deep to the outer circular muscle of the pharynx. Red = circular; blue = longitudinal. Scale bar is 2 um. Neurons that express the neurotransmitter serotonin. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4878 PMID:23903188 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24922054 PMID:24950970 PMID:25356635 PMID:26525673 PMID:27864883 PMID:28137894 PMID:29357350 PMID:30194301 serotonergic cell Planarian_Anatomy serotonergic neuron Neurons that express the neurotransmitter serotonin. A neuron that expresses the neurotransmitter dopamine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4526 PMID:17565705 PMID:21458439 PMID:23250205 PMID:23903188 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24950970 PMID:25356635 PMID:27864883 PMID:30194301 Planarian_Anatomy dopaminergic neuron A neuron that expresses the neurotransmitter dopamine. Neurons that express the biogenic amine octopamine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4730 PMID:18926867 Planarian_Anatomy octopaminergic neuron Neurons that express the biogenic amine octopamine. Anatomical system that has as its parts cells and glands devoted to the discharge of substances such as mucus. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4872 PMID:20865784 Planarian_Anatomy secretory system Anatomical system that has as its parts cells and glands devoted to the discharge of substances such as mucus. Specialized insunk epithelial cells located in the mesenchyme that participate in mucus secretion. They are characterized by elongated cell bodies with long cytoplasmic projections that terminate between, or penetrate directly throughepithelial cells and form a secretory pore at the surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4625 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:19247960 PMID:20865784 PMID:23318635 PMID:24737865 PMID:28807897 PMID:29674431 PMID:30962434 secretory gland cell Planarian_Anatomy gland cell Specialized insunk epithelial cells located in the mesenchyme that participate in mucus secretion. They are characterized by elongated cell bodies with long cytoplasmic projections that terminate between, or penetrate directly throughepithelial cells and form a secretory pore at the surface. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a portion of a gland cell (arrowheads). Note the nucleus surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum and the dark mucus granules that fill the long cytoplasmic projection. Scale bar is 2 um. The opening by which the gland cells secrete mucus to the exterior of the animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4871 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:20865784 pore Planarian_Anatomy secretory pore The opening by which the gland cells secrete mucus to the exterior of the animal. Image is an electron micrograph of a viscid gland cell passing across the basal lamina (BL). This cell secretes a specialized type of mucus. The secretory duct transports mucus to the outside of the animal, through the secretory pore (arrowhead). Ventral is down and scale bar is 5um. One of two distinct histochemical classes of gland cells, these can be found throughout the body but primarily form clusters of subepidermal marginal adhesive glands along the dorsoventral border of the animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4408 PMID:20865784 eosinophilic gland cell erythrophilous gland cell Planarian_Anatomy acidophilic gland cell One of two distinct histochemical classes of gland cells, these can be found throughout the body but primarily form clusters of subepidermal marginal adhesive glands along the dorsoventral border of the animal. One of two distinct histochemical classes of gland cells, these are found near the ventral mesenchyme, the pharynx and in the dorsal region of the head. May also be called cyanophilic gland cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4448 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:20865784 PMID:23405188 cyanophilic gland cell cyanophilic secretory cell cyanophilous gland Planarian_Anatomy basophilic gland cell One of two distinct histochemical classes of gland cells, these are found near the ventral mesenchyme, the pharynx and in the dorsal region of the head. May also be called cyanophilic gland cells. replacing with CARO term obsolete anatomical line true replacing with BSPO term obsolete anatomical plane true let odk import from BSPO if needed replacing with UBERON term obsolete plane of autonomy obsolete plane of autotomy true Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4708 AEO:0000138 BTO:0000205 C12929 EHDAA2:0003138 EHDAA:3780 FMA:5901 ISBN:9780070316607 MA:0002407 PMID:18202849 PMID:24737865 PMID:27612382 PMID:29357350 UBERON:0001810 UMLS:C0501403 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous:system:plexus http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0501403 http://www.snomedbrowser.com/Codes/Details/122455009 neural network neural plexus plexus Planarian_Anatomy nerve plexus Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA]. we will just use commissural neuron moving forward obsolete nervous system commissure true any of the nerve fiber tracts that span the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral and/or cerebellar hemispheres of the brain https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4457 UBERON:0005970 Planarian_Anatomy brain commissure any of the nerve fiber tracts that span the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral and/or cerebellar hemispheres of the brain A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4975 PMID:15866156 PMID:15972844 PMID:16033796 PMID:16890156 PMID:17251262 PMID:17553481 PMID:17670787 PMID:17905225 PMID:17942485 PMID:18063755 PMID:18202849 PMID:18456843 PMID:19048075 PMID:19174194 PMID:19247960 PMID:19766622 PMID:19852954 PMID:20040488 PMID:20215344 PMID:20223763 PMID:20422023 PMID:20599901 PMID:21179478 PMID:21295481 PMID:21295483 PMID:21356107 PMID:21458439 PMID:21566195 PMID:21664348 PMID:21806978 PMID:21937596 PMID:22125640 PMID:22252539 PMID:22318224 PMID:22411224 PMID:22439894 PMID:22451003 PMID:22479207 PMID:22549959 PMID:22884275 PMID:22899852 PMID:23235145 PMID:23250205 PMID:23318641 PMID:23405188 PMID:23629965 PMID:23652002 PMID:24040508 PMID:24063805 PMID:24120894 PMID:24173799 PMID:24415944 PMID:24523458 PMID:24704339 PMID:24922054 PMID:25254346 PMID:25558068 PMID:25725068 PMID:25772472 PMID:25956527 PMID:26062938 PMID:26459857 PMID:26525673 PMID:26711341 PMID:26884331 PMID:27013241 PMID:27068018 PMID:27240733 PMID:27542689 PMID:27551436 PMID:27606067 PMID:27612382 PMID:27612384 PMID:28126842 PMID:28137894 PMID:28171748 PMID:28216315 PMID:28461239 PMID:28757112 PMID:28807897 PMID:28893948 PMID:29158443 PMID:29273738 PMID:29291974 PMID:29291981 PMID:29357350 PMID:30194301 PMID:30237141 PMID:30282036 PMID:30297872 PMID:30471994 PMID:30485821 PMID:30729158 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 regeneration blastema regenerative blastema Planarian_Anatomy blastema A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise. replacing with UBERON term obsolete anatomical boundary true replacing with UBERON term obsolete anatomical junction true replacing duplicate PLANA term obsolete main body axis true A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4466 CALOHA:TS-2035 CL:0000000 FMA:68646 GO:0005623 KUPO:0000002 VHOG:0001533 WBbt:0004017 XAO:0003012 Planarian_Anatomy The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). cell A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. PLANA:0000500 child terms moved to cellular component (GO:0005575) term and we think better serves interoperability and searchability obsolete cell part true A prolongation or process extending from a cell. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4470 GO:0042995 Planarian_Anatomy cell projection A prolongation or process extending from a cell. A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4976 GO:0098858 Planarian_Anatomy actin-based cell projection A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments. inadvertently duplicated, going with ID that is best annotated obsolete cilium true Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4978 GO:0005902 Planarian_Anatomy microvillus Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a portion of the outer epithelium of the pharynx. Microvilli on the left hand of the image have been labeled with arrowheads. To the right of the microvilli are larger cilia. Note the difference in width and length. Scale bar is 2 um. Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4472 GO:0044291 Planarian_Anatomy cell-cell contact zone Extended zone of intimate apposition between two cells containing one or more types of intercellular junctions. A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4468 GO:0030054 PMID:20511647 PMID:21458439 Planarian_Anatomy cell junction A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix. Image is an electron micrograph of two outer epidermal cells of the pharynx. There is an adherens junction (arrowheads) between two cells. Scale bar is 0.5 um. A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4473 GO:0005911 Planarian_Anatomy cell-cell junction A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals. Image is an electron micrograph of two outer epidermal cells of the pharynx. There is an adherens junction (arrowheads) between two cells. Scale bar is 0.5 um. The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4471 GO:0098609 Planarian_Anatomy cell-cell adhesion The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules. Image is an electron micrograph of two outer epidermal cells of the pharynx. There is an adherens junction (arrowheads) between two cells. Scale bar is 0.5 um. Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4648 GO:0044424 Planarian_Anatomy intracellular part Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4508 GO:0005737 PMID:16890156 PMID:28976975 Planarian_Anatomy cytoplasm All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures Image is an electron micrograph depicting a portion of a cell. Outside of the nucleus (N), the arrowheads mark areas of cytoplasm, which appears as a mottled gray filling. Scale bar is 0.5um. term is not needed. obsolete acidophilic cytoplasm true term is not needed. obsolete basophilic cytoplasm true Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4509 GO:0044444 Planarian_Anatomy cytoplasmic part Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4979 GO:0044433 Planarian_Anatomy cytoplasmic vesicle part Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell. A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4982 GO:0005773 Planarian_Anatomy vacuole A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. term is not needed. obsolete cytoskeleton organization true Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4647 GO:0043229 Planarian_Anatomy intracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4646 GO:0043232 Planarian_Anatomy intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4687 GO:0016020 Planarian_Anatomy membrane A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. Examples include the outer membranes of double membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria as well as the bounding membranes of single-membrane bound organelles such as lysosomes. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4456 GO:0098588 Planarian_Anatomy bounding membrane of organelle Examples include the outer membranes of double membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria as well as the bounding membranes of single-membrane bound organelles such as lysosomes. Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4688 GO:0044425 Planarian_Anatomy membrane part Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4983 GO:0044459 Planarian_Anatomy plasma membrane part Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4980 GO:0031090 Planarian_Anatomy organelle membrane A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4742 GO:0043226 Planarian_Anatomy organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4689 GO:0043227 Planarian_Anatomy membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4645 GO:0043231 Planarian_Anatomy intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4981 GO:0005794 Planarian_Anatomy Golgi apparatus A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. Image is an electron micrograph showing golgi bodies (arrowheads). Many secretory vesicles can be seen, as well as rough endoplasmic reticulum on the right side of the micrograph. Scale bar is 0.2 um. A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4728 GO:0005634 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:23405188 PMID:25404302 PMID:26457503 PMID:28976975 PMID:29100657 PMID:29357350 Planarian_Anatomy nucleus A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. Image is an electron micrograph of several nuclei (N) close to and a part of the dorsal epidermis. Note how the epidermal cell nuclei appear more wrinkled and have stained differently than the cells lying beneath the basal lamina (BL). Scale bar is 2 um. A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4984 GO:0099503 Planarian_Anatomy secretory vesicle A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space. Image is an electron micrograph depicting two golgi bodies and accompanying secratory vesicles. A few have been labeled with arrowheads. Scale bar is 200 nm. Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4720 GO:0043228 Planarian_Anatomy non-membrane-bounded organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4726 GO:0044428 Planarian_Anatomy nuclear part Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4985 GO:0044428 Planarian_Anatomy nucleolus A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a nucleus. Inside, the nucleolus has been labeled with arrowheads. Scale bar is 1 um. The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein (histones), and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4487 GO:0000785 Planarian_Anatomy chromatin The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein (histones), and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. Image is an electron micrograph showing a mitotic cell with condensed chromatin (arrowhead). Scale bar is 1um. A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4986 GO:0000792 Planarian_Anatomy heterochromatin A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin. A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4987 GO:0000791 Planarian_Anatomy euchromatin A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin. Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4988 GO:0043228 Planarian_Anatomy ribosome Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. Image is an electron micrograph depicting ribosomes (arrowheads) in two separate cells. They can be seen as small dots in the cytoplasm and associating with the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell in the bottom of the micrograph. Scale bar is 200 nm. A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4989 PMID:22884275 PMID:24950970UBERON:0001018 PMID:28137894 UBERON:0001018 axon bundle axon bundles axon tracts Planarian_Anatomy axon tract A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4542 CL:0000393 Planarian_Anatomy electrically responsive cell A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4543 CL:0000404 Planarian_Anatomy electrically signaling cell A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4707 PMID:27612382 PMID:27800171 UBERON:0001021 nerve bundle nerves neural subtree peripheral nerve Planarian_Anatomy nerve An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4990 CARO:0001001 Planarian_Anatomy neuron projection bundle A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4415 CL:0000526 FMA:87653 input neuron Planarian_Anatomy afferent neuron A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. A type of interneuron that has two neurites, usually an axon and a dendrite, extending from opposite poles of an ovoid cell body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4450 CL:0000103 FMA:67282 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:16033796 PMID:18202849 PMID:21458439 PMID:22445864 PMID:24173799 PMID:25493551 bipolar nerve cell Planarian_Anatomy bipolar neuron A type of interneuron that has two neurites, usually an axon and a dendrite, extending from opposite poles of an ovoid cell body. A neuron that has an axon which crosses the midline. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4991 CL:0000678 PMID:22339734 Planarian_Anatomy commissural neuron A neuron that has an axon which crosses the midline. A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4540 CL:0000527 output neuron Planarian_Anatomy efferent neuron A neuron which sends impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells. A motor neuron that is capable of directly inducing muscle contraction. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4992 CL:0008014 PMID:25356635 excitatory neuron Planarian_Anatomy In vertebrates, all motor neurons are excitatory, but various types of inhibitory motor neurons exist in invertebrates. excitatory motor neuron A motor neuron that is capable of directly inducing muscle contraction. Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4642 BTO:0003811 CL:0000099 FBbt:00005125 FMA:67313 WBbt:0005113 Planarian_Anatomy interneuron Most generally any neuron which is not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose axons remain within a particular brain region as contrasted with projection neurons which have axons projecting to other brain regions. Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4875 BTO:0001037 CL:0000101 FBbt:00005124 FMA:84649 WBbt:0005759 Planarian_Anatomy sensory neuron Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4697 BTO:0000312 CL:0000100 FMA:83617 WBbt:0005409 motoneuron Planarian_Anatomy motor neuron An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes or inhibits movement. Neuronal cells which synthesize, store and release neurohormones. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4717 CL:0000381 FBbt:00005130 PMID:24173799 neurosecretory cell Planarian_Anatomy neurosecretory neuron Neuronal cells which synthesize, store and release neurohormones. Sympathetic neurons are part of the sympathetic nervous system and are primarily adrenergic producing the neurotransmitter noradrenalin along with other neuropeptides. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4993 CL:0011103 Planarian_Anatomy sympathetic neuron Sympathetic neurons are part of the sympathetic nervous system and are primarily adrenergic producing the neurotransmitter noradrenalin along with other neuropeptides. Neuron with one neurite that extends from the cell body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4947 CL:0000106 FMA:67278 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:18499291 PMID:24173799 unipolar nerve cell Planarian_Anatomy unipolar neuron Neuron with one neurite that extends from the cell body. Neuron with an axon and two or more dendrites. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4701 CL:0000104 FMA:67287 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:18499291 multipolar nerve cell Planarian_Anatomy multipolar neuron Neuron with an axon and two or more dendrites. Cells that are in close proximity to neurons. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4714 CL:0000130 Planarian_Anatomy neuron associated cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) Cells that are in close proximity to neurons. Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4476 CL:2000029 Planarian_Anatomy central nervous system neuron Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. Any neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4763 CL:2000032 PMID:23123964 PMID:23954785 PMID:25254346 PMID:26711341 PMID:29184198 peripheral neuron Planarian_Anatomy peripheral nervous system neuron Any neuron that is part of a peripheral nervous system. A neruon whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4443 CL:0000107 FMA:80121 Planarian_Anatomy autonomic neuron A neruon whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. A neruon whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4994 CL:0007011 Planarian_Anatomy enteric neuron A neruon whose cell body is within an autonomic ganglion. Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4995 CARO:0000065 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:18786419 PMID:19048075 PMID:21664348 PMID:21828097 PMID:22479207 PMID:23079596 PMID:23405188 PMID:23903188 PMID:25017721 PMID:26057828 PMID:26457503 PMID:27551436 PMID:29100657 PMID:30383829 PMID:30962434 basal lamina basement membrane Planarian_Anatomy this class represents a continuous sheet of basal lamina which can underlie multiple epithelial cells over large regions. In contrast, the GO class 'basal lamina' represents a portion of substance on the scale of a single cell. basal lamina of epithelium Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue. Image is an electron micrograph showing the dorsal epidermis. Epidermal cells can be seen above (superfical to) the basal lamina (BL) and the body wall musculature can be seen below. Scale bar is 2um. Rhabdites that are located basally to the epidermis, in the mesenchyme. In Smed these are present in cells likely on their way to becoming part of the mature epidermis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4409 ISBN:9780070316607 Planarian_Anatomy adenal rhabdite Rhabdites that are located basally to the epidermis, in the mesenchyme. In Smed these are present in cells likely on their way to becoming part of the mature epidermis. Image is an electron micrograph showing the dorsal epidermis and underlying basal lamina at the top. Adenal rhabdites are marked with "Rh" and can be seen in cells underneath or medial to the basal lamina. Scale bar is 2um. A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4410 GO:0005912 PMID:26556349 Planarian_Anatomy adherens junction A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments. Image is an electron micrograph of two outer epidermal cells of the pharynx. There is an adherens junction (arrowheads) between two cells. Scale bar is 0.5 um. Finger-like processes at the terminal pore of adhesive gland cells around the marginal adhesive zone. They protrude past the epidermis and are longer microvilli, and shorter than cilia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4413 ISBN:9780070316607 adhesive papillae Planarian_Anatomy adhesive papilla Finger-like processes at the terminal pore of adhesive gland cells around the marginal adhesive zone. They protrude past the epidermis and are longer microvilli, and shorter than cilia. Image is an electron micrograph of the outside of an animal at the marginal adhesive zone. The adhesive papilla (arrowheads) are colored in blue and surround each secretory pore (yellow). Mucus and cilia are both green. Scale bar is 2um. A wound resulting in two or more separate tissue fragments. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4416 Planarian_Anatomy amputation A wound resulting in two or more separate tissue fragments. A branch of the triclad gut located anterior to the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4430 PMID:18063757 PMID:18287199 PMID:19174194 PMID:20707997 PMID:21458439 PMID:21664348 PMID:21806978 PMID:22451003 PMID:22479207 PMID:23318635 PMID:24063805 PMID:28287248 PMID:30194301 anterior branch anterior intestinal branch Planarian_Anatomy anterior gut branch A branch of the triclad gut located anterior to the pharynx. The anterior-medial region of the head margin. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4437 PMID:15866156 PMID:18063755 PMID:22479207 PMID:24415944 PMID:24992682 PMID:27063937 PMID:28126842 PMID:28216315 PMID:29547123 PMID:30962434 head tip Planarian_Anatomy anterior tip The anterior-medial region of the head margin. A chamber formation in an organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4439 ISBN:9780070316607 NCIT:C97102 Planarian_Anatomy antrum A chamber formation in an organ. A sense organ located along the dorsolateral head margin. The auricular groove is highly innervtated by ciliated sensory neurons, and has an altered epidermis devoid of rhabdites and gland cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4442 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:27800171 PMID:28495872 PMID:30399335 PMID:30485821 Planarian_Anatomy auricle A sense organ located along the dorsolateral head margin. The auricular groove is highly innervtated by ciliated sensory neurons, and has an altered epidermis devoid of rhabdites and gland cells. Image is a scanning electron micrograph of the dorsal side of the head of an adult worm. The auricles (arrowheads) appear as a short groove on each side of the head. Anteror is down and scale bar is 100um. The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4444 GO:0030424 PMID:16033796 PMID:17251262 PMID:17553481 PMID:18202849 PMID:20707997 PMID:21566185 PMID:22445864 PMID:23318641 PMID:23903188 PMID:25254346 PMID:25356635 PMID:25493551 PMID:25772472 PMID:27800171 PMID:28495872 nerve fiber Planarian_Anatomy axon The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. Image is an electron micrograph showing a cross section of an axon (arrowheads), right underneath or medial to the dorsal body wall musculature. Dorsal is up and the scale bar is 2um. The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4445 GO:0005930 PMID:23144623 PMID:26057828 PMID:26912790 Planarian_Anatomy axoneme The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. Image is an electron micrograph of several cilia where a cross-section reveals the axoneme with a 9+2 arrangement of microtubles. Arrowheads denote microtubules. Scale bar is 100nm. A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum) that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. As well as anchoring the cilium, it is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4446 GO:0036064 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:21282632 PMID:21828097 PMID:21937596 Planarian_Anatomy basal body A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum) that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. As well as anchoring the cilium, it is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport. Image is an electron micrograph showing a cross-section of a cilium, revealing the basal body (arrowhead). Scale bar is 0.5um. Region of the cephalic ganglia innervated by the optic nerve (posterior-projecting photoreceptor neuron fasiculated axons). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4458 PMID:16033796 PMID:26618653 visual center Planarian_Anatomy brain visual center Region of the cephalic ganglia innervated by the optic nerve (posterior-projecting photoreceptor neuron fasiculated axons). An enlarged portion of the seminal vesicle, comprised of secretory epithelial cells, that connects to the ejaculatory duct within the penis papilla. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4459 ISBN:9780070316607 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 bulbar lumen Planarian_Anatomy bulbar cavity An enlarged portion of the seminal vesicle, comprised of secretory epithelial cells, that connects to the ejaculatory duct within the penis papilla. Irradiation-sensitive, mesenchymal cells that are absent from the head region anterior to the eyes and the pharynx. The Category 1 designation encompasses the neoblast population. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4461 PMID:18786419 PMID:21894189 PMID:22439894 Category 1 gene expressing cell Planarian_Anatomy Category 1 cell Irradiation-sensitive, mesenchymal cells that are absent from the head region anterior to the eyes and the pharynx. The Category 1 designation encompasses the neoblast population. The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4467 GO:0044297 PMID:15866156 PMID:16033796 PMID:20865784 PMID:27612384 PMID:28495872 Planarian_Anatomy cell body The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. One of two bilaterally symmetric structures comprising the planarian brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4478 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:15866156 PMID:16033796 PMID:16890156 PMID:17251262 PMID:17553481 PMID:17670787 PMID:17905225 PMID:17999079 PMID:18063757 PMID:18202849 PMID:18287199 PMID:19211673 PMID:19247960 PMID:19766622 PMID:19852954 PMID:20223763 PMID:20422023 PMID:20707997 PMID:20967238 PMID:21179478 PMID:21282632 PMID:21566185 PMID:21806978 PMID:21828097 PMID:21852957 PMID:22074376 PMID:22125640 PMID:22318224 PMID:22371573 PMID:22427692 PMID:22439894 PMID:22445864 PMID:22451003 PMID:22479207 PMID:22884275 PMID:23123964 PMID:23250205 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318635 PMID:23652002 PMID:23903188 PMID:24040508 PMID:24063805 PMID:24120894 PMID:24131630 PMID:24173799 PMID:24238224 PMID:24523458 PMID:24704339 PMID:24950970 PMID:24992682 PMID:25017721 PMID:25254346 PMID:25356635 PMID:25493551 PMID:25558068 PMID:25772472 PMID:26062938 PMID:26114597 PMID:26457503 PMID:26525673 PMID:26556349 PMID:26618653 PMID:27013241 PMID:27034770 PMID:27063937 PMID:27074666 PMID:27149082 PMID:27150006 PMID:27163480 PMID:27523733 PMID:27606067 PMID:27612382 PMID:27612384 PMID:27800171 PMID:27864883 PMID:28126842 PMID:28137894 PMID:28171748 PMID:28245923 PMID:28287248 PMID:28434803 PMID:28686611 PMID:28807897 PMID:28893948 PMID:29100657 PMID:29158443 PMID:29291974 PMID:29291981 PMID:29357350 PMID:29547123 PMID:29557542 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:30143032 PMID:30194301 PMID:30282036 PMID:30383829 PMID:30399335 PMID:30485821 PMID:30729158 bi-lobed brain bi-lobed cephalic ganglia brain brain ganglia brain lobe Planarian_Anatomy cephalic ganglia lobe One of two bilaterally symmetric structures comprising the planarian brain. A central nervous system neuron located within the planarian brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4479 PMID:17999079 PMID:24173799 PMID:27612382 brain neuron Planarian_Anatomy cephalic ganglia neuron A central nervous system neuron located within the planarian brain. Amputation carried out by application of chemicals. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4482 PMID:24737865 Planarian_Anatomy chemical amputation Amputation carried out by application of chemicals. Amputation of the phaynx, including the esophagus, by treatment with Sodium Azide. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4483 PMID:24737865 chemical pharyngeal amputation Planarian_Anatomy chemical pharynx amputation Amputation of the phaynx, including the esophagus, by treatment with Sodium Azide. Any neuron that capable of some detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4485 FBbt:00005922 PMID:18202849 PMID:26525673 PMID:27612382 PMID:28126842 PMID:28686611 PMID:29547123 chemoreceptive neuron chemoreceptor neuron Planarian_Anatomy chemosensory neuron Any neuron that capable of some detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception. A membrane-less, cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule present in neoblasts and germ cells implicated in post-transcriptional regulation. The RNA helicase DHH1/RCK, Tudor, SmB, methylated substrates of PRMT5, PIWI-3 and Germinal Histone H4 localize to chromatoid bodies in neoblasts. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4488 PMID:19247960 PMID:20215344 PMID:21356107 PMID:22318224 PMID:22385657 PMID:22439894 PMID:22543868 PMID:24120894 PMID:24367277 PMID:24903754 PMID:25017721 PMID:27523733 nuage Planarian_Anatomy chromatoid body A membrane-less, cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule present in neoblasts and germ cells implicated in post-transcriptional regulation. The RNA helicase DHH1/RCK, Tudor, SmB, methylated substrates of PRMT5, PIWI-3 and Germinal Histone H4 localize to chromatoid bodies in neoblasts. Image is an electron micrograph showing a chromatoid body (arrowhead) next to the cell's nucleus (N) which takes up the bottom left corner. Scale bar is 200nm. A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4490 GO:0005694 PMID:25404302 PMID:28757112 PMID:28812561 PMID:29364871 PMID:30143032 Planarian_Anatomy chromosome A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. Image is an electron micrograph showing a mitotic cell. An arrowhead marks the long arm of a chromosome. Scale bar is 1um. Under the microscope chromosomes appear as thin, thread-like structures. They all have a short arm and long arm separated by a primary constriction called the centromere. The short arm is designated as p and the long arm as q. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4491 NCIT:C13355 PMID:25404302 Planarian_Anatomy chromosome arm Under the microscope chromosomes appear as thin, thread-like structures. They all have a short arm and long arm separated by a primary constriction called the centromere. The short arm is designated as p and the long arm as q. Image is an electron micrograph showing a mitotic cell. An arrowhead marks the long arm of a chromosome. Scale bar is 1um. Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4494 PMID:26457503 PMID:26711341 PMID:28216315 PMID:28292427 UBERON:0007601 Planarian_Anatomy ciliated epithelium Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. Image is an electron micrograph of an outer epidermal cell of the pharynx. These cells are heavily ciliated. Scale bar is 2um. A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. The longitudinal array of microtubules are almost always in a 9+2 array with 2 microtubles in the central cilia bundle and 9 sets of doublet microtubules around the perimeter. The exception to this arrangement is spermatazoa flagella, which have a 9+1 array in planarians. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4495 GO:0005929 Planarian_Anatomy cilium A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body. The longitudinal array of microtubules are almost always in a 9+2 array with 2 microtubles in the central cilia bundle and 9 sets of doublet microtubules around the perimeter. The exception to this arrangement is spermatazoa flagella, which have a 9+1 array in planarians. Image is an electron micrograph depicting several cilia (arrowheads) emerging from a ventral epidermis cell. Scale bar is 0.5um. A bundle of nerve fibers crossing from one side to the other side of the brain or spinal cord. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4502 NCIT:C32349 Planarian_Anatomy commissure A bundle of nerve fibers crossing from one side to the other side of the brain or spinal cord. A wound or cleft resulted from tissue separation into parts or laid open or penetrated with a sharp edge or instrument. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4507 NCIT:C50518 Planarian_Anatomy cut A wound or cleft resulted from tissue separation into parts or laid open or penetrated with a sharp edge or instrument. A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4514 GO:0030425 PMID:16033796 PMID:17553481 PMID:22445864 PMID:25493551 PMID:28495872 cell dendrite dendritic process dendritic projection Planarian_Anatomy dendrite A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. A muscle cell that runs in the transverse plane that connects the dorsal and ventral sides of the animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4536 PMID:30471994 PMID:30962434 DVM dorsal-ventral muscle dorsal-ventral muscle fibers dorsoventral muscle dorsoventralmuscle fibers Planarian_Anatomy dorsal-ventral muscle cell A muscle cell that runs in the transverse plane that connects the dorsal and ventral sides of the animal. Image is an electron micrograph depicting multiple dorsal-ventral muscle cells (arrowheads). The ventral epidermis is at the bottom of this image. Scale bar is 10um. A premeiotic female germ cell (i.e., a diploid female germline stem cell or transit amplifying oogonial cell). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4537 Planarian_Anatomy early female germ cell A premeiotic female germ cell (i.e., a diploid female germline stem cell or transit amplifying oogonial cell). A premeiotic male germ cell (i.e., a spermatogonial stem cell or transit amplifying spermatogonial cell). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4538 PMID:27330085 Planarian_Anatomy early male germ cell A premeiotic male germ cell (i.e., a spermatogonial stem cell or transit amplifying spermatogonial cell). A cryptic digestive cavity comprised of phagocytic embryonic gut cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4548 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic gut A cryptic digestive cavity comprised of phagocytic embryonic gut cells. An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4565 CL:0000362 PMID:21458439 PMID:24922054 PMID:25017721 PMID:26457503 PMID:28292427 PMID:28686611 PMID:28807897 PMID:29100657 PMID:29357350 PMID:30399335 Planarian_Anatomy epidermal cell An epithelial cell of the integument (the outer layer of an organism). Image is an electron micrograph depicting the dorsal epidermis. A single cell has been labeled with arrowheads. Immediately deep to the epidermis is the basal lamina, labeled with "BL." Scale bar is 2um. Rhabdites located within epidermal cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4568 ISBN:9780070316607 Planarian_Anatomy epidermal rhabdite Rhabdites located within epidermal cells. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the epidermis. Rhabdites (arrowheads) can be seen in various stages of expansion inside of the epidermal cells. Scale bar is 5 um. The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4573 GO:0005789 Planarian_Anatomy ER membrane The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. Image is an electron micrograph depicting (rough) endoplasmic reticulum adjacent tp the nucleus (N). The arrowheads mark the ER membrane. Note the ribosomes (small dots) that can be seen both in the cytoplasm and lining the ER membrane. Scale bar is 0.2um. The black pigment that gives non-neuronal pigment cells of the optic cup their characteristic color. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4575 CHEBI:24009 PMID:15760337 PMID:25356635 PMID:26017970 PMID:27240733 PMID:8812261 eye cell pigment eye pigment Planarian_Anatomy eumelanin The black pigment that gives non-neuronal pigment cells of the optic cup their characteristic color. A cell involved in the elimination of metabolic and foreign toxins, and in maintaining the ionic, acid-base and water balance of biological fluids. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4576 CL:0000424 PMID:21566185 PMID:24173799 Planarian_Anatomy excretory cell A cell involved in the elimination of metabolic and foreign toxins, and in maintaining the ionic, acid-base and water balance of biological fluids. Image is an electron micrograph showing a cell that is part of the collecting duct. An arrowhead marks the nucleus of this cell. Note the visible lumen of the collecting duct extending out and passing through the basal lamina. This cell is involved in excretion. Scale bar is 2 um. A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4578 GO:0031012 PMID:19048075 PMID:28126842 PMID:28137894 PMID:28807897 PMID:30962434 ECM Planarian_Anatomy extracellular matrix A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support, biochemical or biomechanical cues for cells or tissues. Image is an electron micrograph showing the extracellular matrix (arrowheads) between two cells. Scale bar is 0.2um. That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4580 GO:0005615 PMID:21828097 Planarian_Anatomy extracellular space That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. A form of asexual reproduction resulting in self-amputation of posterior tissue, generating an anterior fragment and a fission fragment. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4590 Planarian_Anatomy fission A form of asexual reproduction resulting in self-amputation of posterior tissue, generating an anterior fragment and a fission fragment. Planarian undulipodia consisting of spermatazoa cell posterior protrusions. Planarian spermatozoa contain two flagella and are composed of 9 + 1 axonemal microtubule arrangements in their flagella (markedly different from the 9 + 2 structures generally observed in sperm of other animals). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4593 PMID:29095551 PMID:4190073 Planarian_Anatomy flagellum Planarian undulipodia consisting of spermatazoa cell posterior protrusions. Planarian spermatozoa contain two flagella and are composed of 9 + 1 axonemal microtubule arrangements in their flagella (markedly different from the 9 + 2 structures generally observed in sperm of other animals). A cell-cell junction composed of pannexins or innexins and connexins, two different families of channel-forming proteins. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4614 GO:0005921 PMID:17670787 PMID:22125640 Planarian_Anatomy gap junction A cell-cell junction composed of pannexins or innexins and connexins, two different families of channel-forming proteins. A chamber where egg capsules are formed. One or more zygotes and yolk cells produced by the vitelline glands collect in the genital atrium; glands surrounding the genital atrium produce the egg capsule shell. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4621 PMID:22074376 atrium female antrum Planarian_Anatomy genital atrium A chamber where egg capsules are formed. One or more zygotes and yolk cells produced by the vitelline glands collect in the genital atrium; glands surrounding the genital atrium produce the egg capsule shell. A clonally-related group of interconnected spermatogonial or oogonial cells, enveloped by somatic gonadal cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4623 PMID:17376870 PMID:22318224 germ cell cluster Planarian_Anatomy germ cell cyst A clonally-related group of interconnected spermatogonial or oogonial cells, enveloped by somatic gonadal cells. Stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4624 FBbt:00004861 PMID:16344473 PMID:17376870 PMID:17390146 PMID:18456843 PMID:19247960 PMID:20215344 PMID:20844018 PMID:22074376 PMID:22252538 PMID:22318224 PMID:22385657 PMID:22543868 PMID:23652002 PMID:24173799 PMID:24367277 PMID:25278423 PMID:27013241 PMID:28434803 PMID:28812561 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 germ cell germ stem cell germline cell Planarian_Anatomy germline stem cell Stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4627 GO:0042587 PMID:30608231 Planarian_Anatomy glycogen granule Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface. Image is an electron micrograph depicting glycogen granules (arrowheads) within the cytoplasm of a cell. Scale bar is 200 nm. A breach of the epidermis made with a defined edge or point. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4637 Planarian_Anatomy incision A breach of the epidermis made with a defined edge or point. Epithelial cells lining the inside of the pharynx. In Smed, distally located cells are heavily ciliated. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4771 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:20511647 inner pharynx epidermal cell Planarian_Anatomy pharynx inner epidermal cell Epithelial cells lining the inside of the pharynx. In Smed, distally located cells are heavily ciliated. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. The phayrnx lumen is to the bottom left. An epidermal cell, a part of the inner epithelial layer, has been marked with arrowheads. Immediately deep to the inner epithelial layer of the pharynx is musculature that has been colored. Magenta = circular; blue = longitudinal; yellow = radial. Scale bar is 5 um. Gland or secretory cells sandwiched between muscle and epidermal layers in the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4639 ISBN:9780070316607 Planarian_Anatomy inner zone of gland cells Gland or secretory cells sandwiched between muscle and epidermal layers in the pharynx. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a transverse section through the pharynx. Arrowheads label the inner zone of gland cells. They can be identified by the mucus granules the cell body is filled with. Scale bar is 5um. A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4641 GO:0005911 Planarian_Anatomy intercellular junction A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals. An amputation performed with a transverse, oblique or longitudinal cut. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4655 Planarian_Anatomy linear amputation An amputation performed with a transverse, oblique or longitudinal cut. A breach of the epidermis and optionally down into other structures though an insult with a knife or other instrument, such that the movement includes the z direction and one or more of the x y direction. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4656 scratch Planarian_Anatomy linear incision A breach of the epidermis and optionally down into other structures though an insult with a knife or other instrument, such that the movement includes the z direction and one or more of the x y direction. An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4657 GO:0005811 PMID:30608231 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 Planarian_Anatomy lipid droplet An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins. Image is an electron micrograph depicting two lipid droplets (arrowheads) within two different cells. Note the mostly round shape of the droplets. Often, mitochondria can be seen clumped around lipids. Scale bar is 1um. The cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ such as a blood vessel or the intestine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4663 NCIT:C94478 Planarian_Anatomy lumen The cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ such as a blood vessel or the intestine. Zone present along the lateral dorsoventral boundary that sits just underneath the animal, in contact with substrates. It is comprised of bunches of adhesion gland cells whose terminal pores form pore rosettes through the dorsal ventral boundary epidermis.This region of is devoid of rhabdites. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4667 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:20865784 Planarian_Anatomy marginal adhesive zone Zone present along the lateral dorsoventral boundary that sits just underneath the animal, in contact with substrates. It is comprised of bunches of adhesion gland cells whose terminal pores form pore rosettes through the dorsal ventral boundary epidermis.This region of is devoid of rhabdites. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the lateral dorsoventral boundary. Several adhesion gland cells have been labeled with arrowheads to visualize the line of the marginal adhesive zone. Scale bar is 10um. Any neuron that is capable of some detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4669 FBbt:00005919 PMID:25725068 PMID:28216315 mechanosensory cell Planarian_Anatomy mechanosensory neuron Any neuron that is capable of some detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception. Subset of dorsal-ventral muscle cells located in the medial body region. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4670 PMID:29674431 PMID:30962434 Planarian_Anatomy medial muscle cell Subset of dorsal-ventral muscle cells located in the medial body region. Image is an electron micrograph depicting multiple medial dorsal-ventral muscle cells (arrowheads). At the bottom of this image is the ventral epidermi, to the left is the dark staining of the gut tissue. Scale bar is 10um. A germ cell undergoing meiosis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4677 PMID:27330085 Planarian_Anatomy meiotic germ cell A germ cell undergoing meiosis. A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4686 GO:0042470 Planarian_Anatomy melanosome A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells. A secreted, mucin-rich extracellular substance coating the epidermal surface of the animal implicated in gliding locomotion, substrate adhesion, innate immunity and predator avoidance. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4699 PMID:21282632 PMID:22653920 Planarian_Anatomy mucus A secreted, mucin-rich extracellular substance coating the epidermal surface of the animal implicated in gliding locomotion, substrate adhesion, innate immunity and predator avoidance. Image is an electron micrograph of the outside of an animal at the marginal adhesive zone. The adhesive papilla are colored in blue and surround each secretory pore (yellow). Mucus (arrowheads) and cilia are both green. Scale bar is 2um. The external opening and terminus of a protonephridium made by a terminal cell. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4706 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:21828097 Planarian_Anatomy nephridiopore The external opening and terminus of a protonephridium made by a terminal cell. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a collecting duct (arrowheads) passing through the basal lamina (BL). Dorsal is up and the scale bar is 5 um. Cell appendage of the neuron which includes the axon and the dendrite. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4712 FMA:61814 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:27612382 PMID:29547123 neuronal process Planarian_Anatomy neurite Cell appendage of the neuron which includes the axon and the dendrite. A neuron that produces and releases neuropeptides at chemical synapses. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4715 PMID:24173799 PMID:25356635 PMID:27163480 cns peptidergic cell peptidergic neuron Planarian_Anatomy neuropeptidergic neuron A neuron that produces and releases neuropeptides at chemical synapses. Differentiating, immature epidermal cells lacking cilia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4719 PMID:26457503 PMID:28292427 Planarian_Anatomy non-ciliated epidermis Differentiating, immature epidermal cells lacking cilia. The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4722 GO:0005635 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 Planarian_Anatomy nuclear envelope The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). Image is an electron micrograph depicting the nuclear envelope (arrowheads). The nucleus takes up the top left corner of the image and the nuclear envelope encloses it. Scale bar is 200 nm. The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4723 GO:0005637 inner leaflet Planarian_Anatomy nuclear inner membrane The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the nuclear envelope. The nucleus takes up the top left corner of the image and the inner nuclear membrane has been labeled with arrowheads. Scale bar is 200 nm. The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4724 GO:0031981 Planarian_Anatomy nuclear lumen The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4725 GO:0005640 outer leaflet Planarian_Anatomy nuclear outer membrane The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the nuclear envelope. The nucleus takes up the top left corner of the image and the outer nuclear membrane has been labeled with arrowheads. Scale bar is 200 nm. The portion of the nuclear lumen proximal to the inner nuclear membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4727 GO:0034399 PMID:25404302 Planarian_Anatomy nuclear periphery The portion of the nuclear lumen proximal to the inner nuclear membrane. Parenchymal cells that synthesize and contain brown ommonchrome pigment. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4731 PMID:27240733 non-melanin pigment cell Planarian_Anatomy ommochrome pigment cell Parenchymal cells that synthesize and contain brown ommonchrome pigment. A neuron projection bundle that connects the retina or its analog in the eye with the brain. This includes the vertebrate optic nerve (not truly a nerve) as well as analogous structures such as the Bolwig nerve in Drosophila. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4738 PMID:27800171 UBERON:0004904 Planarian_Anatomy optic nerve A neuron projection bundle that connects the retina or its analog in the eye with the brain. This includes the vertebrate optic nerve (not truly a nerve) as well as analogous structures such as the Bolwig nerve in Drosophila. Heavily ciliated, insunk epithelial cells bounding the outside of the pharynx. Outer pharynx epithelial cell nuclei are positioned beneath the pharynx musculature. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4783 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:20511647 outer pharynx epidermal cell Planarian_Anatomy pharynx outer epidermal cell Heavily ciliated, insunk epithelial cells bounding the outside of the pharynx. Outer pharynx epithelial cell nuclei are positioned beneath the pharynx musculature. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. The pharynx pouch cavity is at the top. An epidermal cell, a part of the outer epithelium, has been labeled with arrowheads. Immediately deep to the outer epithelial layer of the pharynx is musculature that has been colored. Red = circular; blue = longitudinal. Scale bar is 2 um. A cell that engulfs large particles or cells via invagination of the plasma membrane and creation of a phagosome. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4765 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:25956527 PMID:27501047 PMID:30471994 phagocyte Planarian_Anatomy phagocytic cell A cell that engulfs large particles or cells via invagination of the plasma membrane and creation of a phagosome. The distal-most end of the pharnyx containing an opening to the pharynx lumen. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4795 Planarian_Anatomy pharynx tip The distal-most end of the pharnyx containing an opening to the pharynx lumen. Image is an electron micrograph of the tip of the pharynx. Many gland cells can be seen inside, filled with mucus. Scale bar is 5um. A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4797 CL:0000147 PMID:26618653 pigment producing cell pigmented cell Planarian_Anatomy pigment cell A pigment cell is a cell that contains pigment granules. A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4800 GO:0048770 ISBN:9780070316607 PMID:27551436 Planarian_Anatomy pigment granule A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes. An amputation of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4802 Planarian_Anatomy plug amputation An amputation of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. A breach of the epidermis made with a defined edge or point. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4804 poke Planarian_Anatomy point incision A breach of the epidermis made with a defined edge or point. An anatomical space that is an opening, usually at the end of a canal or duct, on the surface of the integument or the lining of an internal anatomical space. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4805 UBERON:0008915 Planarian_Anatomy pore An anatomical space that is an opening, usually at the end of a canal or duct, on the surface of the integument or the lining of an internal anatomical space. A haploid gamete undergoing terminal differentiation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4807 Planarian_Anatomy post-meiotic germ cell A haploid gamete undergoing terminal differentiation. A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4814 GO:0045211 PMID:24950970 post-synaptic cell Planarian_Anatomy postsynaptic cell A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. A diploid germline stem cell or transit amplifying germ cell that has not committed to undergoing meiotic DNA replication, reductive divisions or terminal differentiation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4815 Planarian_Anatomy premeiotic germ cell A diploid germline stem cell or transit amplifying germ cell that has not committed to undergoing meiotic DNA replication, reductive divisions or terminal differentiation. The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4818 GO:0098793 PMID:24950970 pre-synaptic cell Planarian_Anatomy presynaptic cell The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4819 GO:0043195 PMID:23903188 pre-synaptic terminal Planarian_Anatomy presynaptic terminal Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it. A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4820 GO:0008021 PMID:23903188 pre-synaptic vesicle Planarian_Anatomy presynaptic vesicle A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane. The largest branch of the triclad intestine. It is comprised of the gastrodermis, a columnar epithelium, surrounded by basal lamina and visceral musculature. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4821 PMID:17553481 PMID:20865784 PMID:21664348 PMID:27122174 PMID:28137894 PMID:29674431 main gut branch primary intestine branch Planarian_Anatomy primary gut branch The largest branch of the triclad intestine. It is comprised of the gastrodermis, a columnar epithelium, surrounded by basal lamina and visceral musculature. Four large phagocytic cells associated with the embryonic pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4825 PMID:28072387 primitive endoderm Planarian_Anatomy primitive gut Four large phagocytic cells associated with the embryonic pharynx. Gut branches originating from and connected to the tertiary gut branches. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4843 PMID:21664348 Planarian_Anatomy quarternary gut branch Gut branches originating from and connected to the tertiary gut branches. An organ involved in reproduction https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4849 PMID:16344473 PMID:17376870 PMID:20844018 PMID:22074376 PMID:25278423 PMID:27074666 UBERON:0003133 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 Planarian_Anatomy reproductive organ An organ involved in reproduction Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4850 PMID:17376870 UBERON:0005156 Planarian_Anatomy reproductive structure Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. The light sensing structure consisting of photoreceptor neuron dendrites that project into the optic lumen and show close associations with eumelanin-containing pigment cup cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4854 PMID:15760337 PMID:16033796 PMID:21852957 PMID:26017970 Planarian_Anatomy rhabdome The light sensing structure consisting of photoreceptor neuron dendrites that project into the optic lumen and show close associations with eumelanin-containing pigment cup cells. The dendritic process of a bipolar photoreceptor neuron that projects into the optic cup lumen and senses light. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4855 PMID:15760337 PMID:16033796 PMID:18202849 PMID:20865784 PMID:21282632 PMID:21852957 PMID:22445864 PMID:25772472 PMID:26618653 PMID:27800171 Planarian_Anatomy rhabdomere The dendritic process of a bipolar photoreceptor neuron that projects into the optic cup lumen and senses light. A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4869 PMID:30383829 UBERON:0000058 secretory canal Planarian_Anatomy secretory duct A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. Image is an electron micrograph of a viscid gland cell passing across the basal lamina (BL). This cell secretes a specialized type of mucus. The secretory duct (arrowhead) transports mucus to the outside of the animal, through the secretory pore. Ventral is down and scale bar is 5um. A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4870 GO:0030141 PMID:29100657 Planarian_Anatomy secretory granule A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. One of the cells of the body that compose the tissues, organs, and parts of that individual other than the germ cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4882 BTO:0001268 PMID:20599901 PMID:21852957 PMID:22074376 PMID:22371573 PMID:22385657 PMID:25404302 PMID:27606067 PMID:28757112 Planarian_Anatomy somatic cell One of the cells of the body that compose the tissues, organs, and parts of that individual other than the germ cells. A non-germline cell within the ovary or testis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4883 PMID:27163480 PMID:27330085 gonadal niche cell somatic gonadal niche cell somatic gonadal support cell Planarian_Anatomy somatic gonadal cell A non-germline cell within the ovary or testis. A presumptive progenitor cell that expresses both pan-neoblast markers and pro-differentiation gene(s), frequently developmental transcription factors, implicated in lineage commitment and tissue-specific differentiation programs. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4884 PMID:23404104 PMID:25254346 PMID:26651295 PMID:27542689 PMID:29674432 PMID:30962434 Planarian_Anatomy specialized neoblast A presumptive progenitor cell that expresses both pan-neoblast markers and pro-differentiation gene(s), frequently developmental transcription factors, implicated in lineage commitment and tissue-specific differentiation programs. A thin, flexible rod that anchors an egg capsule to a solid substrate. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4905 ISBN:9780070316607 Planarian_Anatomy stalk A thin, flexible rod that anchors an egg capsule to a solid substrate. A wound produced by non-autonomous physical means. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4909 Planarian_Anatomy surgical wound A wound produced by non-autonomous physical means. The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4910 GO:0045202 PMID:18202849 PMID:18287199 PMID:21282632 neural synapse neuronal synapse Planarian_Anatomy synapse The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4911 GO:0043083 PMID:23903188 Planarian_Anatomy synaptic cleft The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released. A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4912 GO:0008021 PMID:24950970 Planarian_Anatomy synaptic vesicle A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane. A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. It consists of 2 lateral elements and a central element, all running parallel to each other. Transverse filaments connect the lateral elements to the central element. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4913 GO:0000795 PMID:25404302 Planarian_Anatomy synaptonemal complex A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. It consists of 2 lateral elements and a central element, all running parallel to each other. Transverse filaments connect the lateral elements to the central element. The posterior-medial region of the tail margin. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4918 Planarian_Anatomy tail tip The posterior-medial region of the tail margin. The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4919 GO:0000781 PMID:22371573 PMID:25404302 https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 Planarian_Anatomy telomere The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. A cell-cell junction in invertebrates that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4938 GO:0070160 Planarian_Anatomy septate junction A cell-cell junction in invertebrates that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the inner epithelium of the pharynx. Septate junctions (arrowheads) can be clearly seen between cells. Scale bar is 200 nm. A piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4960 Planarian_Anatomy wedge amputation A piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. An injury that breaches the epidermis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4963 injury Planarian_Anatomy wound An injury that breaches the epidermis. A sorted cell population enriched for irradiation-sensitive, cycling cells (4n cells, with high levels of Hoescht 33342 staining) with scant cytoplasm (low levels of calcein-AM staining). X1 cells are enriched for cycling neoblasts. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4964 PMID:16872450 PMID:17670787 PMID:18456843 PMID:18786419 PMID:19048075 PMID:20215344 PMID:20223763 PMID:21937596 PMID:22385657 PMID:22427692 PMID:22543868 PMID:22549959 PMID:23235145 PMID:23629965 PMID:24120894 PMID:24367277 PMID:24992682 PMID:25254346 PMID:25558068 PMID:25956527 PMID:26114597 PMID:26457503 PMID:26711341 PMID:27013241 PMID:27068018 PMID:27150006 PMID:27502555 PMID:27523733 PMID:27551436 PMID:28137894 PMID:29100657 PMID:29557542 PMID:29674432 PMID:29906446 PMID:30194301 X1 X1 cell population X1 neoblast X1 population Planarian_Anatomy X1 cell A sorted cell population enriched for irradiation-sensitive, cycling cells (4n cells, with high levels of Hoescht 33342 staining) with scant cytoplasm (low levels of calcein-AM staining). X1 cells are enriched for cycling neoblasts. A heterogeneous sorted cell population of unstained planarian cells with similar size and complexity to irradiation-sensitive, cycling cells contained in the X1 gate. Unlike X1 cells, X1(FS) cells are amenable to cell transplantation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4965 PMID:21566185 Planarian_Anatomy X1(FS) cell A heterogeneous sorted cell population of unstained planarian cells with similar size and complexity to irradiation-sensitive, cycling cells contained in the X1 gate. Unlike X1 cells, X1(FS) cells are amenable to cell transplantation. A sorted cell population containing irradiation-sensitive and irradiation-insensitive cells, characterized by weak Hoescht 33342 and calcein-AM staining. X2 cell populations contain neoblasts as well as a variety of lineage-dedicated post-mitotic progenitor cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4966 PMID:16872450 PMID:18786419 PMID:19048075 PMID:20215344 PMID:20223763 PMID:22427692 PMID:22543868 PMID:23629965 PMID:24367277 PMID:25017721 PMID:27013241 PMID:27150006 PMID:27502555 PMID:27606067 PMID:27864883 PMID:28137894 PMID:29674432 Planarian_Anatomy X2 cell A sorted cell population containing irradiation-sensitive and irradiation-insensitive cells, characterized by weak Hoescht 33342 and calcein-AM staining. X2 cell populations contain neoblasts as well as a variety of lineage-dedicated post-mitotic progenitor cells. A sorted cell population of irradiation-insensitive cells that contains a variety of post-mitotic, differentiated cell types. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4967 PMID:16872450 PMID:17670787 PMID:18456843 PMID:18786419 PMID:19048075 PMID:20215344 PMID:20223763 PMID:22427692 PMID:22479207 PMID:22543868 PMID:23629965 PMID:24367277 PMID:24992682 PMID:25558068 PMID:25956527 PMID:26114597 PMID:26457503 PMID:26711341 PMID:27013241 PMID:27502555 PMID:29100657 PMID:29674432 PMID:29906446 PMID:30194301 Xins Xins cell population Xins cells Planarian_Anatomy Xins cell A sorted cell population of irradiation-insensitive cells that contains a variety of post-mitotic, differentiated cell types. Posterior to the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4808 post pharyngeal post-pharyngeal postpharyngeal region Planarian_Anatomy post-pharyngeal region Posterior to the pharynx. Adjacent to blastema, or proximal to blastema. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4806 post-blastema postblastema postblastema region Planarian_Anatomy post-blastema region Adjacent to blastema, or proximal to blastema. A fragment derived from a spontaneous or induced fission event. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4591 Planarian_Anatomy fission fragment A fragment derived from a spontaneous or induced fission event. The avascular cellular layers that cover body surfaces and cavities and may form glands. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4572 NCIT:C12710 Planarian_Anatomy epithelium The avascular cellular layers that cover body surfaces and cavities and may form glands. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section of a planarian through the pharyngeal region depicting 3 different epithelial layers (arrowheads). At the top is the dorsal epidermis, in the middle is the epithelium of the pharyngeal pouch, and at the bottom of the image, the outer epithelium of the pharynx. Scale bar is 5um. The triclad planarian gut is serially bifrucated into connected lumens where each bifrucation is a branch. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4633 Planarian_Anatomy gut branch The triclad planarian gut is serially bifrucated into connected lumens where each bifrucation is a branch. Organ that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4582 Planarian_Anatomy extraembryonic organ Organ that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. This is a manufactured term, that serves the purpose of allow the parts of a chromosome to have an is_a path to the root. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4492 SO:0000830 Planarian_Anatomy chromosome_part This is a manufactured term, that serves the purpose of allow the parts of a chromosome to have an is_a path to the root. An event or occurrence that causes damage to a tissue or organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4764 insult Planarian_Anatomy perturbation An event or occurrence that causes damage to a tissue or organ. structural element of a chromosome, for example, a telomere and a centromere https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4489 SO:0000628 chromosomal structural element Planarian_Anatomy chromosomal_structural_element structural element of a chromosome, for example, a telomere and a centromere A longitudinal fragment containing the preexisting midline and medial structures. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4935 Planarian_Anatomy thick fragment A longitudinal fragment containing the preexisting midline and medial structures. A longitudinal fragment lacking a midline and medial structures. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4937 Planarian_Anatomy thin fragment A longitudinal fragment lacking a midline and medial structures. A piece of tissue isolated from the body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4597 piece Planarian_Anatomy fragment A piece of tissue isolated from the body. A region bounded by any sagittal plane though the animal and the left or right side of the animal. NOTE: sagittal plane is an anatomical plane that divides a bilateral body into left and right parts, not necessarily of even size https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4662 Planarian_Anatomy longitudinal region A region bounded by any sagittal plane though the animal and the left or right side of the animal. NOTE: sagittal plane is an anatomical plane that divides a bilateral body into left and right parts, not necessarily of even size An intentional wound produced by non-autonomous chemical means. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4484 Planarian_Anatomy chemical wound An intentional wound produced by non-autonomous chemical means. A wound resulting from the removal of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4803 Planarian_Anatomy plug wound A wound resulting from the removal of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. A wound resulting from the removal of a piece of tissue from the lateral margin at any given point that extends interiorly to more medial structures. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4961 Planarian_Anatomy wedge wound A wound resulting from the removal of a piece of tissue from the lateral margin at any given point that extends interiorly to more medial structures. A fragment that has undergone wound healing and is undergoing tissue replacement and morphallaxis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4845 Planarian_Anatomy regenerating fragment A fragment that has undergone wound healing and is undergoing tissue replacement and morphallaxis. An orientation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a position that is in the sagittal plane. This plane runs longitudinally and is not necessarily medial. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4863 longitudinal orientation Planarian_Anatomy sagittal orientation An orientation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a position that is in the sagittal plane. This plane runs longitudinally and is not necessarily medial. An orientation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a position that is in the parasagittal plane, which runs longitudinally, and is never medial. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4755 PATO:0005023 Planarian_Anatomy parasagittal orientation An orientation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a position that is in the parasagittal plane, which runs longitudinally, and is never medial. An anatomical entity consisting of a single or a few multinucleated structures https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4914 AEO:0000203 PMID:27330085 Planarian_Anatomy syncytium An anatomical entity consisting of a single or a few multinucleated structures Cytoplasmic part which forms a distinctive granular particle, which may or may not be visible using light microscopy. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4644 MICRO:0000215 Planarian_Anatomy intracellular granule Cytoplasmic part which forms a distinctive granular particle, which may or may not be visible using light microscopy. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a cell with many intracellular granules (arrowheads) visible in the cytoplasm. The scale bar is 1um. Any number of cells from dissociated planarian tissue sorted via a FACS sorter for any parameter. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4587 Planarian_Anatomy FACS sorted cell population Any number of cells from dissociated planarian tissue sorted via a FACS sorter for any parameter. Cells isolated from dissociated planarian tissue. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4515 Planarian_Anatomy derived cell population Cells isolated from dissociated planarian tissue. An epithelial monolayer lining the pharynx pouch cavity. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4792 OCLC:16809160 Planarian_Anatomy pharynx pouch epithelium An epithelial monolayer lining the pharynx pouch cavity. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse slice through the parapharyngeal region. It includes the dorsal epidermis, pharynx pouch epithelium (arrowheads), and a portion of the pharynx. Dorsal is up and the lumen of the pouch is visible as the white stripe in the middle of the micrograph. Scale bar is 5um. Epithelial surface lining the sperm duct. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4889 Planarian_Anatomy sperm duct epithelial surface Epithelial surface lining the sperm duct. A loosely organized collection of connective tissue and cells, including neoblasts and their immediate progeny, located in the space outside of the organs between the body wall musculature and the gut. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4756 OCLC:16809160 mesenchyme Planarian_Anatomy parenchyma A loosely organized collection of connective tissue and cells, including neoblasts and their immediate progeny, located in the space outside of the organs between the body wall musculature and the gut. The dorsal region of the tail. dorsal region of tail Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003000 dorsal region of tail The dorsal region of the tail. cell which is part of the testis Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003100 testis cell cell which is part of the testis PMID:29674431 cell which is part of the ventral epidermis ventral ciliated cell ventral epithelial cell ventral motile ciliated cell ventral multiciliated cell Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003101 ventral epidermis cell cell which is part of the ventral epidermis PMID:22479207 PMID:23144623 cell which is part of the visual system visual cell Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003102 visual system cell cell which is part of the visual system PMID:17905225 PMID:24922054 cell which is part of the eye photoreceptor cell photosensitive cell Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003103 eye cell cell which is part of the eye PMID:29357350 cell which is part of the enteric musculature gut muscle cell intestinal muscle cell Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003104 enteric muscle cell cell which is part of the enteric musculature PMID:23954785 PMID:25558068 cell which is part of the dorsal region of the epidermis dorsal epithelial cell Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003105 dorsal epidermis cell cell which is part of the dorsal region of the epidermis PMID:22479207 cell which is part of the adhesion gland Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003106 adhesion gland cell cell which is part of the adhesion gland PMID:16890156 PMID:28976975 cell which is part of the body wall musculature body wall muscle fiber body-wall muscle cell Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003107 body wall muscle cell cell which is part of the body wall musculature PMID:23954785 PMID:24992682 PMID:25254346 PMID:25725068 PMID:26525673 cell which is part of the gastrodermis gut cell intestinal cell Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003108 gastrodermal cell cell which is part of the gastrodermis PMID:19174194 PMID:22479207 PMID:27122174 cell which is part of the anterior pole Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003109 anterior pole cell cell which is part of the anterior pole PMID:24992682 PMID:29674431 PMID:30471994 neuron which is part of the pharynx pharyngeal neuron Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003110 pharynx neuron neuron which is part of the pharynx PMID:18202849 PMID:29674431 PMID:30485821 epithelial cell which is part of the pharynx pharynx epithelial cell Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003111 pharynx epithelial cell epithelial cell which is part of the pharynx PMID:20511647 muscle cell which is part of the pharynx pharynx muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003112 pharynx muscle cell muscle cell which is part of the pharynx PMID:27068018 epithelial cell which is part of the pharynx pouch pharyngeal cavity epithelial cell pharynx cavity epithelial cell Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003113 pharynx pouch epithelial cell epithelial cell which is part of the pharynx pouch pigment granule which is part of the eumelanin melanin melanosome photoreceptor pigment Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003114 melanin pigment granule pigment granule which is part of the eumelanin PMID:25356635 PMID:26017970 PMID:27551436 pigment granule which is part of the ommochrome pigment cell Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003115 ommochrome pigment granule pigment granule which is part of the ommochrome pigment cell cell which is part of the parenchyma Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003116 parenchymal cell cell which is part of the parenchyma PMID:19247960 PMID:29674431 neoblast undergoing mitotic G1 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003200 G1 phase neoblast neoblast undergoing mitotic G1 phase neoblast undergoing mitotic S phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003201 S phase neoblast neoblast undergoing mitotic S phase neoblast undergoing mitotic G2 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003202 G2 phase neoblast neoblast undergoing mitotic G2 phase neoblast undergoing mitotic prophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003203 prophase neoblast neoblast undergoing mitotic prophase Image is an electron micrograph showing a neoblast undergoing mitotic prophase (outlined). Note the difference in appearance compared to neighboring cells, nuclei labeled "N." Scale bar is 2 um. neoblast undergoing mitotic metaphase M phase neoblast Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003204 metaphase neoblast neoblast undergoing mitotic metaphase Image is an electron micrograph depicting cells in the mesenchyme, near the regeneration blastema. In the middle of the image, outlined, a cell is undergoing mitotic metaphase. This cell's chromosomes can be seen in a vertical arrangement. Scale bar is 2um. neoblast undergoing mitotic anaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003205 anaphase neoblast neoblast undergoing mitotic anaphase Image is an electron micrograph showing a neoblast undergoing mitotic anaphase. The entire cell has been outlined and the condensed chromatin is visible inside. Scale bar is 2um. neoblast undergoing mitotic telophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003206 telophase neoblast neoblast undergoing mitotic telophase Image is an electron micrograph showing a neoblast undergoing mitotic telophase (outlined). The condensed chromatin is visible inside and has been partially outlined by the nuclear envelope. Scale bar is 1um. spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic G1 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003207 G1 phase spermatogonial stem cell spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic G1 phase spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic S phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003208 S phase spermatogonial stem cell spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic S phase spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic G2 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003209 G2 phase spermatogonial stem cell spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic G2 phase spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic prophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003210 prophase spermatogonial stem cell spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic prophase spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic metaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003211 metaphase spermatogonial stem cell spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic metaphase spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic anaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003212 anaphase spermatogonial stem cell spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic anaphase spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic telophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003213 telophase spermatogonial stem cell spermatogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic telophase oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic G1 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003214 G1 phase oogonial stem cell oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic G1 phase oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic S phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003215 S phase oogonial stem cell oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic S phase oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic G2 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003216 G2 phase oogonial stem cell oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic G2 phase oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic prophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003217 prophase oogonial stem cell oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic prophase oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic metaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003218 metaphase oogonial stem cell oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic metaphase oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic anaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003219 anaphase oogonial stem cell oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic anaphase oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic telophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003220 telophase oogonial stem cell oogonial stem cell undergoing mitotic telophase spermatogonium undergoing mitotic G1 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003221 G1 phase spermatogonium spermatogonium undergoing mitotic G1 phase spermatogonium undergoing mitotic S phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003222 S phase spermatogonium spermatogonium undergoing mitotic S phase spermatogonium undergoing mitotic G2 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003223 G2 phase spermatogonium spermatogonium undergoing mitotic G2 phase spermatogonium undergoing mitotic prophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003224 prophase spermatogonium spermatogonium undergoing mitotic prophase spermatogonium undergoing mitotic metaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003225 metaphase spermatogonia spermatogonium undergoing mitotic metaphase spermatogonium undergoing mitotic anaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003226 anaphase spermatogonia spermatogonium undergoing mitotic anaphase spermatogonium undergoing mitotic telophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003227 telophase spermatogonium spermatogonium undergoing mitotic telophase oogonial cell undergoing mitotic G1 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003228 G1 phase oogonial cell oogonial cell undergoing mitotic G1 phase oogonial cell undergoing mitotic S phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003229 S phase oogonial cell oogonial cell undergoing mitotic S phase oogonial cell undergoing mitotic G2 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003230 G2 phase oogonial cell oogonial cell undergoing mitotic G2 phase oogonial cell undergoing mitotic prophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003231 prophase oogonial cell oogonial cell undergoing mitotic prophase oogonial cell undergoing mitotic metaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003232 metaphase oogonial cell oogonial cell undergoing mitotic metaphase oogonial cell undergoing mitotic anaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003233 anaphase oogonial cell oogonial cell undergoing mitotic anaphase oogonial cell undergoing mitotic telophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003234 telophase oogonial cell oogonial cell undergoing mitotic telophase germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic G1 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003235 G1 phase germ cell cyst germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic G1 phase germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic S phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003236 S phase germ cell cyst germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic S phase germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic G2 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003237 G2 phase germ cell cyst germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic G2 phase germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic prophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003238 prophase germ cell cyst germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic prophase germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic metaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003239 metaphase germ cell cyst germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic metaphase germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic anaphase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003240 anaphase germ cell cyst germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic anaphase germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic telophase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003241 telophase germ cell cyst germ cell cyst undergoing mitotic telophase spermatocyte undergoing meiotic S phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003242 meiotic S phase spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic S phase spermatocyte undergoing meiotic G1 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003243 meiotic G1 phase spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic G1 phase spermatocyte undergoing meiotic G2 phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003244 meiotic G2 phase spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic G2 phase spermatocyte undergoing meiotic prophase I Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003245 meiotic prophase I spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic prophase I spermatocyte undergoing leptotene Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003246 leptotene stage spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing leptotene spermatocyte undergoing zygotene Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003247 zygotene stage spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing zygotene https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 spermatocyte undergoing pachytene Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003248 pachytene stage spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing pachytene https://doi.org/10.1101/279364 spermatocyte undergoing diplotene Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003249 diplotene stage spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing diplotene spermatocyte undergoing diakinesis Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003250 diakinesis stage spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing diakinesis spermatocyte undergoing meiotic metaphase I Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003251 meiotic metaphase 1 stage spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic metaphase I spermatocyte undergoing meiotic anaphase I Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003252 meiotic anaphase I stage spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic anaphase I spermatocyte undergoing meiotic telophase I Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003253 meiotic telophase I spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic telophase I spermatocyte undergoing meiosis II cell cycle phase Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003254 meiosis II stage spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiosis II cell cycle phase spermatocyte undergoing meiotic prophase II Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003255 meiotic prophase II spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic prophase II spermatocyte undergoing meiotic metaphase II Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003256 meiotic metaphase 2 spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic metaphase II spermatocyte undergoing meiotic anaphase II Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003257 meiotic anaphase II spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic anaphase II spermatocyte undergoing meiotic telophase II Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003258 meiotic telophase II spermatocyte spermatocyte undergoing meiotic telophase II This primordium develops into cephalic ganglia PMID:16033796 PMID:17553481 PMID:17905225 PMID:19174194 PMID:21806978 PMID:22339734 PMID:23318635 PMID:25772472 PMID:26525673 brain primordia brain primordium brain primoridia brain rudiment cephalic ganglia primordia cephalic ganglia primordium Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003300 cephalic ganglia primordium This primordium develops into cephalic ganglia This primordium develops into eye PMID:22884275 eye aggregate Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003301 eye primordium This primordium develops into eye This primordium develops into pharynx PMID:18202849 PMID:21282632 PMID:25254346 PMID:26556349 PMID:27074666 Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003302 pharynx primordium This primordium develops into pharynx This primordium develops into optic cup PMID:21852957 optic cup primordium Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003303 pigment cup primordium This primordium develops into optic cup This primordium develops into testis PMID:23652002 Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003304 testis primordium This primordium develops into testis This primordium develops into gonad Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003305 gonad primoridium This primordium develops into gonad lumen which is part of the protonephridia PMID:26057828 Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003400 protonephridial lumen lumen which is part of the protonephridia lumen which is part of the testis PMID:17390146 Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003401 testis lumen lumen which is part of the testis lumen which is part of the ovary PMID:19247960 Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003402 ovary lumen lumen which is part of the ovary lumen which is part of the flame cell PMID:21828097 flame cell barrel lumen Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003403 flame cell lumen lumen which is part of the flame cell A progenitor cell that gives rise to one or more of the cell type(s) in the nervous system. PMID:26525673 brain progenitor brain progentitor cell Planarian_Anatomy cephalic ganglia progenitor cell A progenitor cell that gives rise to one or more of the cell type(s) in the nervous system. A progenitor cell that gives rise to one or more of the cell type(s) in the dorsal epidermis. PMID:28292427 Planarian_Anatomy dorsal epidermis progenitor cell A progenitor cell that gives rise to one or more of the cell type(s) in the dorsal epidermis. A progenitor cell that gives rise to optic cup cells of the eye. PMID:21852957 optic cup trail cell Planarian_Anatomy optic cup progenitor cell A progenitor cell that gives rise to optic cup cells of the eye. A progenitor cell that gives rise to one or more of the cell type(s) in the epidermis. PMID:28292427 Planarian_Anatomy ventral epidermis progenitor cell A progenitor cell that gives rise to one or more of the cell type(s) in the epidermis. A fragment derived from a prepharyngeal amputation encompassing the head. head piece Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003600 head fragment A fragment derived from a prepharyngeal amputation encompassing the head. A fragment derived from pre- and post-pharyngeal amputations, encompassing the pharynx and parapharyngeal region. trunk piece Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003601 trunk fragment A fragment derived from pre- and post-pharyngeal amputations, encompassing the pharynx and parapharyngeal region. A fragment derived from a postpharyngeal amputation encompassing the tail. tail piece Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003602 tail fragment A fragment derived from a postpharyngeal amputation encompassing the tail. A fragment derived from two prepharyngeal amputations, removing the head and posterior regions of the animal. neck fragment neck piece Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003603 prepharyngeal fragment A fragment derived from two prepharyngeal amputations, removing the head and posterior regions of the animal. A fragment derived from two postpharyngeal amputations, removing the anterior region and the tail tip. post-pharyngeal fragment post-pharyngeal piece postpharyngeal piece Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003604 postpharyngeal fragment A fragment derived from two postpharyngeal amputations, removing the anterior region and the tail tip. A fragment encompassing all or part of the anterior region of the animal. Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003605 anterior fragment A fragment encompassing all or part of the anterior region of the animal. A fragment encompassing all or part of the posterior region of the animal. Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003606 posterior fragment A fragment encompassing all or part of the posterior region of the animal. A fragment derived from an amputation parallel to or along any edge, which overlaps the lateral region, dorso-lateral region, ventro-lateral region, antero-lateral margin, lateral margin, ventro-lateral margin, postero-lateral margin, dorso-lateral margin, antero-lateral region, postero-lateral region. [SMR: a fragment that encompasses the side of the animal, not necessarily longituduinal, or parallel to the midline] edge fragment longitudinal fragment sagittal fragment side fragment Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003607 lateral fragment A fragment derived from an amputation parallel to or along any edge, which overlaps the lateral region, dorso-lateral region, ventro-lateral region, antero-lateral margin, lateral margin, ventro-lateral margin, postero-lateral margin, dorso-lateral margin, antero-lateral region, postero-lateral region. [SMR: a fragment that encompasses the side of the animal, not necessarily longituduinal, or parallel to the midline] a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to the midline. Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003608 longitudinal fragment a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to the midline. A 3D piece of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003609 plug fragment A 3D piece of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. A piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0003610 wedge fragment A piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. The dorsal region of a fragment derived from a prepharyngeal amputation encompassing the head. dorsal region of the whole animal of head fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of head fragment The dorsal region of a fragment derived from a prepharyngeal amputation encompassing the head. The ventral region of a fragment derived from a prepharyngeal amputation encompassing the head. ventral region of the whole animal of head fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of head fragment The ventral region of a fragment derived from a prepharyngeal amputation encompassing the head. The anterior region of a fragment derived from a prepharyngeal amputation encompassing the head. anterior region of head fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of head fragment The anterior region of a fragment derived from a prepharyngeal amputation encompassing the head. The posterior region of a fragment derived from a prepharyngeal amputation encompassing the head. posterior region of head fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of head fragment The posterior region of a fragment derived from a prepharyngeal amputation encompassing the head. The dorsal region of a fragment derived from pre- and post-pharyngeal amputations, encompassing the pharynx and parapharyngeal region. dorsal region of the whole animal of trunk fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of trunk fragment The dorsal region of a fragment derived from pre- and post-pharyngeal amputations, encompassing the pharynx and parapharyngeal region. The ventral region of a fragment derived from pre- and post-pharyngeal amputations, encompassing the pharynx and parapharyngeal region. ventral region of the whole animal of trunk fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of trunk fragment The ventral region of a fragment derived from pre- and post-pharyngeal amputations, encompassing the pharynx and parapharyngeal region. The anterior region of a fragment derived from pre- and post-pharyngeal amputations, encompassing the pharynx and parapharyngeal region. anterior region of trunk fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of trunk fragment The anterior region of a fragment derived from pre- and post-pharyngeal amputations, encompassing the pharynx and parapharyngeal region. The posterior region of a fragment derived from pre- and post-pharyngeal amputations, encompassing the pharynx and parapharyngeal region. posterior region of trunk fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of trunk fragment The posterior region of a fragment derived from pre- and post-pharyngeal amputations, encompassing the pharynx and parapharyngeal region. The dorsal region of a fragment derived from a postpharyngeal amputation encompassing the tail. dorsal region of the whole animal of tail fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of tail fragment The dorsal region of a fragment derived from a postpharyngeal amputation encompassing the tail. The ventral region of a fragment derived from a postpharyngeal amputation encompassing the tail. ventral region of the whole animal of tail fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of tail fragment The ventral region of a fragment derived from a postpharyngeal amputation encompassing the tail. The anterior region of a fragment derived from a postpharyngeal amputation encompassing the tail. anterior region of tail fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of tail fragment The anterior region of a fragment derived from a postpharyngeal amputation encompassing the tail. The posterior region of a fragment derived from a postpharyngeal amputation encompassing the tail. posterior region of tail fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of tail fragment The posterior region of a fragment derived from a postpharyngeal amputation encompassing the tail. The dorsal region of a fragment derived from two prepharyngeal amputations, removing the head and posterior regions of the animal. dorsal region of the whole animal of prepharyngeal fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of prepharyngeal fragment The dorsal region of a fragment derived from two prepharyngeal amputations, removing the head and posterior regions of the animal. The ventral region of a fragment derived from two prepharyngeal amputations, removing the head and posterior regions of the animal. ventral region of the whole animal of prepharyngeal fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of prepharyngeal fragment The ventral region of a fragment derived from two prepharyngeal amputations, removing the head and posterior regions of the animal. The anterior region of a fragment derived from two prepharyngeal amputations, removing the head and posterior regions of the animal. anterior region of prepharyngeal fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of prepharyngeal fragment The anterior region of a fragment derived from two prepharyngeal amputations, removing the head and posterior regions of the animal. The posterior region of a fragment derived from two prepharyngeal amputations, removing the head and posterior regions of the animal. posterior region of prepharyngeal fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of prepharyngeal fragment The posterior region of a fragment derived from two prepharyngeal amputations, removing the head and posterior regions of the animal. The dorsal region of a fragment derived from two postpharyngeal amputations, removing the anterior region and the tail tip. dorsal region of the whole animal of postpharyngeal fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of postpharyngeal fragment The dorsal region of a fragment derived from two postpharyngeal amputations, removing the anterior region and the tail tip. The ventral region of a fragment derived from two postpharyngeal amputations, removing the anterior region and the tail tip. ventral region of the whole animal of postpharyngeal fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of postpharyngeal fragment The ventral region of a fragment derived from two postpharyngeal amputations, removing the anterior region and the tail tip. The anterior region of a fragment derived from two postpharyngeal amputations, removing the anterior region and the tail tip. anterior region of postpharyngeal fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of postpharyngeal fragment The anterior region of a fragment derived from two postpharyngeal amputations, removing the anterior region and the tail tip. The posterior region of a fragment derived from two postpharyngeal amputations, removing the anterior region and the tail tip. posterior region of postpharyngeal fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of postpharyngeal fragment The posterior region of a fragment derived from two postpharyngeal amputations, removing the anterior region and the tail tip. The dorsal region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the anterior region of the animal. dorsal region of the whole animal of anterior fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of anterior fragment The dorsal region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the anterior region of the animal. The ventral region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the anterior region of the animal. ventral region of the whole animal of anterior fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of anterior fragment The ventral region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the anterior region of the animal. The anterior region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the anterior region of the animal. anterior region of anterior fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of anterior fragment The anterior region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the anterior region of the animal. The posterior region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the anterior region of the animal. posterior region of anterior fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of anterior fragment The posterior region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the anterior region of the animal. The dorsal region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the posterior region of the animal. dorsal region of the whole animal of posterior fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of posterior fragment The dorsal region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the posterior region of the animal. The ventral region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the posterior region of the animal. ventral region of the whole animal of posterior fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of posterior fragment The ventral region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the posterior region of the animal. The anterior region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the posterior region of the animal. anterior region of posterior fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of posterior fragment The anterior region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the posterior region of the animal. The posterior region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the posterior region of the animal. posterior region of posterior fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of posterior fragment The posterior region of a fragment encompassing all or part of the posterior region of the animal. The dorsal region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to or along any edge, which overlaps the lateral region, dorso-lateral region, ventro-lateral region, antero-lateral margin, lateral margin, ventro-lateral margin, postero-lateral margin, dorso-lateral margin, antero-lateral region, postero-lateral region. dorsal region of the whole animal of lateral fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of lateral fragment The dorsal region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to or along any edge, which overlaps the lateral region, dorso-lateral region, ventro-lateral region, antero-lateral margin, lateral margin, ventro-lateral margin, postero-lateral margin, dorso-lateral margin, antero-lateral region, postero-lateral region. The ventral region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to or along any edge, which overlaps the lateral region, dorso-lateral region, ventro-lateral region, antero-lateral margin, lateral margin, ventro-lateral margin, postero-lateral margin, dorso-lateral margin, antero-lateral region, postero-lateral region. ventral region of the whole animal of lateral fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of lateral fragment The ventral region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to or along any edge, which overlaps the lateral region, dorso-lateral region, ventro-lateral region, antero-lateral margin, lateral margin, ventro-lateral margin, postero-lateral margin, dorso-lateral margin, antero-lateral region, postero-lateral region. The anterior region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to or along any edge, which overlaps the lateral region, dorso-lateral region, ventro-lateral region, antero-lateral margin, lateral margin, ventro-lateral margin, postero-lateral margin, dorso-lateral margin, antero-lateral region, postero-lateral region. anterior region of lateral fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of lateral fragment The anterior region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to or along any edge, which overlaps the lateral region, dorso-lateral region, ventro-lateral region, antero-lateral margin, lateral margin, ventro-lateral margin, postero-lateral margin, dorso-lateral margin, antero-lateral region, postero-lateral region. The posterior region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to or along any edge, which overlaps the lateral region, dorso-lateral region, ventro-lateral region, antero-lateral margin, lateral margin, ventro-lateral margin, postero-lateral margin, dorso-lateral margin, antero-lateral region, postero-lateral region. posterior region of lateral fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of lateral fragment The posterior region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to or along any edge, which overlaps the lateral region, dorso-lateral region, ventro-lateral region, antero-lateral margin, lateral margin, ventro-lateral margin, postero-lateral margin, dorso-lateral margin, antero-lateral region, postero-lateral region. The dorsal region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to the midline. dorsal region of the whole animal of longitudinal fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of longitudinal fragment The dorsal region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to the midline. The ventral region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to the midline. ventral region of the whole animal of longitudinal fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of longitudinal fragment The ventral region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to the midline. The anterior region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to the midline. anterior region of longitudinal fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of longitudinal fragment The anterior region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to the midline. The posterior region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to the midline. posterior region of longitudinal fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of longitudinal fragment The posterior region of a fragment derived from an amputation parallel to the midline. The dorsal region of a 3D piece of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. dorsal region of the whole animal of plug fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of plug fragment The dorsal region of a 3D piece of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. The ventral region of a 3D piece of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. ventral region of the whole animal of plug fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of plug fragment The ventral region of a 3D piece of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. The anterior region of a 3D piece of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. anterior region of plug fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of plug fragment The anterior region of a 3D piece of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. The posterior region of a 3D piece of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. posterior region of plug fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of plug fragment The posterior region of a 3D piece of tissue, usually though the whole depth of the animal encompassing both dorsal and ventral sides, often made with a biopsy punch. The dorsal region of a piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. dorsal region of the whole animal of wedge fragment Planarian_Anatomy dorsal region of plug fragment The dorsal region of a piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. The ventral region of a piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. ventral region of the whole animal of wedge fragment Planarian_Anatomy ventral region of plug fragment The ventral region of a piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. The anterior region of a piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. anterior region of wedge fragment Planarian_Anatomy anterior region of wedge fragment The anterior region of a piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. The posterior region of a piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. posterior region of wedge fragment Planarian_Anatomy posterior region of wedge fragment The posterior region of a piece of tissue removed from the lateral margin at any given point that extendes interiorly to more medial structures. A fully formed, sexually mature organism that reproduces through cross-fertilization. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4414 PMID:11972158 PMID:19022767 sexual adult sexually mature adult Planarian_Anatomy adult hermaphrodite A fully formed, sexually mature organism that reproduces through cross-fertilization. Depcited by field shows a light microscopy image of a sexually mature adult with a scale bar of 2 mm. Asexually reproducing Schmidtea mediterranea exist as constitutive adults, undergoing successive cycles of fission and whole animal regeneration. Asexual Schmidtea mediterranea contain primordial germ cells, but do not possess a reproductive system. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4441 PMID:11972158 PMID:17376870 Planarian_Anatomy asexual adult Asexually reproducing Schmidtea mediterranea exist as constitutive adults, undergoing successive cycles of fission and whole animal regeneration. Asexual Schmidtea mediterranea contain primordial germ cells, but do not possess a reproductive system. Depicted by field shows an asexual adult with a scale bar of 500um dmd-1+ expressing somatic cells within the testis that promote male GSC maintenance. dmd-1+, ophis-1+ somatic gonadal cells ensheath germ cells via long cytoplasmic processes and promote differentiation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4933 PMID:23652002 PMID:27163480 somatic gonadal cell of the testis somatic niche cell of the testis somatic testis cell Planarian_Anatomy testis somatic gonadal cell dmd-1+ expressing somatic cells within the testis that promote male GSC maintenance. dmd-1+, ophis-1+ somatic gonadal cells ensheath germ cells via long cytoplasmic processes and promote differentiation. ophis+ somatic cells (gh4-, nanos-) in the ovary that may provide trophic support to female germline stem cells and differentiating oogonia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4744 PMID:27163480 somatic follicular cell of the ovary somatic ovarian cell Planarian_Anatomy ovarian somatic gonadal cell ophis+ somatic cells (gh4-, nanos-) in the ovary that may provide trophic support to female germline stem cells and differentiating oogonia. Axis that runs from the oral pole and to the aboral pole of the spherical embryo (Stage 3 through early Stage 6). The oral pole is centered around the embryonic pharynx; the aboral pole is located opposite the embryonic pharynx. oral-aboral axis of embryo Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0004511 oral-aboral axis of the embryo Axis that runs from the oral pole and to the aboral pole of the spherical embryo (Stage 3 through early Stage 6). The oral pole is centered around the embryonic pharynx; the aboral pole is located opposite the embryonic pharynx. PMID:28072387 Illustration noting the oral-aboral axis in cyan double headed arrow. It starts at the embryonic pharynx and extends to opposite pole. The apical surface of the single layered primitive ectoderm that is in contact with the environment. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4824 OCLC:20423827 OCLC:464776945 OCLC:82522822 PMID:28072387 https://github.com/obophenotype/planaria-ontology/blob/master/metadata/planarefs/planaref-0000001.md Planarian_Anatomy primitive ectoderm surface The apical surface of the single layered primitive ectoderm that is in contact with the environment. The surface of the primitive gut cells in contact with the embryonic wall. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4828 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy primtive gut cell surface The surface of the primitive gut cells in contact with the embryonic wall. The surface of phagocytic embryonic gut cells in contact with ingested yolk cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4551 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic gut cell surface The surface of phagocytic embryonic gut cells in contact with ingested yolk cells. The epithelial cell surface lining the embryonic pharynx lumen. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4556 PMID:20100474 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic pharynx lumen epithelial surface The epithelial cell surface lining the embryonic pharynx lumen. An undifferentiated, cycling embryonic cell in Stage 1-5 embryos that expresses piwi-1, numerous adult asexual neoblast enriched genes, and early embryo enriched genes. Blastomeres give rise to temporary embryonic tissues during Stage 2, continue dividing asynchronously in the embryonic wall, and ultimately give rise to neoblasts and adult lineage progenitors beginning in Stage 5. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4451 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy blastomere An undifferentiated, cycling embryonic cell in Stage 1-5 embryos that expresses piwi-1, numerous adult asexual neoblast enriched genes, and early embryo enriched genes. Blastomeres give rise to temporary embryonic tissues during Stage 2, continue dividing asynchronously in the embryonic wall, and ultimately give rise to neoblasts and adult lineage progenitors beginning in Stage 5. Post-mitotic, terminally differentiated cells which, give rise to temporary embryonic tissues. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4581 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy extraembryonic cell Post-mitotic, terminally differentiated cells which, give rise to temporary embryonic tissues. A neuronal cell innervating the embryonic pharynx. Four neurons innervate the radial muscle fibers that ring the oral opening. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4557 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic pharynx neuron A neuronal cell innervating the embryonic pharynx. Four neurons innervate the radial muscle fibers that ring the oral opening. Differentiated radial muscle cell present in the embryonic pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4558 PMID:16932928 embryonic pharynx radial muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy embryonic pharynx radial muscle cell Differentiated radial muscle cell present in the embryonic pharynx. foxA1+ epithelial cell contained in the embryonic pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4554 PMID:20100474 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic pharynx epithelial cell foxA1+ epithelial cell contained in the embryonic pharynx. Differentiated muscle cell present in a circular muscle fiber of the embryonic pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4553 PMID:16932928 embryonic pharynx circular muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy embryonic pharynx circular muscle cell Differentiated muscle cell present in a circular muscle fiber of the embryonic pharynx. Portion of the sexual biotype body plan immediately posterior to the parapharyngeal region, and immediately anterior to the tail. Encompasses the copulatory apparatus. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4505 PMID:22074376 Planarian_Anatomy copulatory region Portion of the sexual biotype body plan immediately posterior to the parapharyngeal region, and immediately anterior to the tail. Encompasses the copulatory apparatus. Depicted by field contains diagram representation of body region. Epithelia associated with the pharynx organ. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4769 pharnyx epidermis pharyngeal epidermis pharyngeal epithelium Planarian_Anatomy pharynx epithelium Epithelia associated with the pharynx organ. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. Outlined, is the outer epithium, which is an "insunk" epithelium where the nuclei are set back medially away from the epithelium surface. Here, just the surface is outlined.. Scale bar is 2um. Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4640 UBERON:0002416 Planarian_Anatomy integumental system Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. Anatomical space enclosed by the oviduct epithelium. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4751 PMID:22074376 Planarian_Anatomy oviduct lumen Anatomical space enclosed by the oviduct epithelium. Anatomical space enclosed by the sperm duct epithelium. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4891 PMID:19022767 PMID:22074376 Planarian_Anatomy sperm duct lumen Anatomical space enclosed by the sperm duct epithelium. Ciliated epithelium lining the oviduct. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4750 PMID:22074376 Planarian_Anatomy oviduct epithelium Ciliated epithelium lining the oviduct. Ciliated epithelium lining the sperm duct. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4890 PMID:19022767 PMID:22074376 Planarian_Anatomy sperm duct epithelium Ciliated epithelium lining the sperm duct. Anatomical space enclosed by tuba. Oocyte(s) are fertilized in the tuba lumen by sperm that traveled up the oviduct. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4946 PMID:19022767 PMID:20844018 PMID:22074376 PMID:27149082 Planarian_Anatomy tuba lumen Anatomical space enclosed by tuba. Oocyte(s) are fertilized in the tuba lumen by sperm that traveled up the oviduct. let odk import from BSPO if needed obsolete coronal plane true Anatomical plane which divides the body into right and left parts. This plane passes through the midline at the midline but does not always the midline. sagittal plane of whole organism Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0007503 sagittal plane of the whole animal Anatomical plane which divides the body into right and left parts. This plane passes through the midline at the midline but does not always the midline. replaced by dorsal region PLANA:0000141 obsolete dorsal compartment true now using patterned term ventral region PLANA:0000143 obsolete ventral compartment true now using patterned term anterior region obsolete anterior compartment true replaced replacing duplicate PLANA term obsolete posterior compartment true choosing to use UBERON:0000476, acellular anatomical structure instead obsolete extracellular component true The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4801 GO:0005886 PMID:20511647 PMID:27523733 cell membrane cytoplasmic membrane Planarian_Anatomy plasma membrane The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. Image is an electron micrograph showing several cells. Arrowheads label the plasma membrane, the boundary between cells. Scale bar is 1um. Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4579 GO:0043230 Planarian_Anatomy extracellular organelle Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi. A spherical to rod shaped organelle that generates the majority of a cell's supply of ATP via cellular respiration. Mitochondria have their own genome and consist of outer and inner membranes, the latter folds inward to form cristae. This folding increases the surface area of the membrane and thus increases the space available to produce ATP. The inner and outer membranes are separated by an intermembrane space, and the inner membrane encloses the matrix. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4996 PMID:21828097 PMID:22318224 PMID:26516985 PMID:29100657 mitochondria Planarian_Anatomy mitochondrion A spherical to rod shaped organelle that generates the majority of a cell's supply of ATP via cellular respiration. Mitochondria have their own genome and consist of outer and inner membranes, the latter folds inward to form cristae. This folding increases the surface area of the membrane and thus increases the space available to produce ATP. The inner and outer membranes are separated by an intermembrane space, and the inner membrane encloses the matrix. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a couple different cells. A few mitochondria have been labeled with arrowheads. Note the variation in shape from spherical to rod-like. This is dependent on cutting orientation at fission/fusion state of the mitochondria. Scale bar is 1 um. Network of interconnected, flattened, and/or tubular membrane, known as cisternae. This membrane is contiguous with the outer nuclear membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in both protein and lipid synthesis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4562 PMID:30143032 Planarian_Anatomy endoplasmic reticulum Network of interconnected, flattened, and/or tubular membrane, known as cisternae. This membrane is contiguous with the outer nuclear membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in both protein and lipid synthesis. Image is an electron micrograph depicting endoplasmic reticulum (magenta) in multiple cells. Scale bar is 0.5um. Network of interconnected, flattened, and/or tubular membrane, known as cisternae. This membrane is contiguous with the outer nuclear membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in both protein and lipid synthesis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4997 PMID:30143032 Planarian_Anatomy rough endoplasmic reticulum Network of interconnected, flattened, and/or tubular membrane, known as cisternae. This membrane is contiguous with the outer nuclear membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in both protein and lipid synthesis. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the rough endoplasmic reticulum (arrowheads) of a cell. Ribosomes can be seen associating with the ER membrane creating a rough ER, as well as free within the cytoplasm of the cell. Scale bar is 200 nm. Endoplamic reticulum that does not contain ribosomes, which synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4998 Planarian_Anatomy smooth endoplasmic reticulum Endoplamic reticulum that does not contain ribosomes, which synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. Image is an electron micrograph depicting smooth ER (arrowheads) in a cell, next to the nucleus (N). Ribosomes can be seen within the cytoplasm, but not associating with the ER membrane. Scale bar is 200 nm. Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4999 GO:0005643 Planarian_Anatomy nuclear pore Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined. Image is an electron micrograph depicting the nuclear envelope. The nucleus takes up the top left corner of the image and two nuclear pores have been labeled with arrowheads. Scale bar is 200 nm. The digestive component of the cell. They are homogenous, dense, membrane bound organelles filled with acid hydrolases which break down polymers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4664 ISBN:0-71677033-4 PMID:4853064 Planarian_Anatomy lysosome The digestive component of the cell. They are homogenous, dense, membrane bound organelles filled with acid hydrolases which break down polymers. Image is an electron micrograph depicting two lysosomes (arrowheads) within a cell. The nucleus sits in the bottom left corner. Lysosomes can sometimes be identified by the swirling material they are breaking down inside. Scale bar is 0.5um. Axis that runs along the long axis of the animal from anterior (head) to posterior (tail). It is perpendicular to the dorsoventral axis and as such, it splits dorsal and ventral regions of the animal to either side. anterior-posterior axis anterior-posterior axis of whole organism body axis longitudinal axis main body axis Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0007519 anterior-posterior axis of the whole animal Axis that runs along the long axis of the animal from anterior (head) to posterior (tail). It is perpendicular to the dorsoventral axis and as such, it splits dorsal and ventral regions of the animal to either side. Depiction shows an asexual adult with the term annotated in yellow. Scale bar =500um Axis that runs along the short axis of the animal, perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis, running from the dorsal (back) side of the animal to the ventral (belly) side of the animal. This axis splits anterior and posterior regions of the animal to either side. D/V axis DV axis dorsal-ventral axis dorsal-ventral axis of whole organism Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0007520 dorsal-ventral axis of the whole animal Axis that runs along the short axis of the animal, perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis, running from the dorsal (back) side of the animal to the ventral (belly) side of the animal. This axis splits anterior and posterior regions of the animal to either side. Axis perpendicular to both the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axis that runs from the left side of the animal, through the medial region (center) and out to the right side. dextro-sinister axis left-right axis left-right axis of whole organism Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0007521 left-right axis of the whole animal Axis perpendicular to both the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axis that runs from the left side of the animal, through the medial region (center) and out to the right side. Depiction shows an asexual adult with the term annotated in yellow. Scale bar =500um Axis that runs from the center of the body, starting at the anteroposterior axis and out to the lateral (left, right, dorsal or ventral) surface of the animal. medial-lateral axis medial-lateral axis of whole organism mediolateral mediolateral axis Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0007522 medial-lateral axis of the whole animal Axis that runs from the center of the body, starting at the anteroposterior axis and out to the lateral (left, right, dorsal or ventral) surface of the animal. Depiction shows an asexual adult with the term annotated in yellow. Scale bar =500um Axis that starts at the distal part of an appendage, closest to the body, and runs to the proximal part of an appendage, farthest from the body. proximal-distal axis proximal-distal axis of whole organism Planarian_Anatomy PLANA:0007523 proximal-distal axis of the whole animal Axis that starts at the distal part of an appendage, closest to the body, and runs to the proximal part of an appendage, farthest from the body. Pharynx of an asexual adult exposed by tricaine treatment. The proximodistal axis is denoted with the double headed magenta arrow. Distinct anterior cluster of muscle cells located at the midline which express notum, follistatin, zic-1, and foxD. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4432 PMID:18063755 PMID:21566195 PMID:23297191 PMID:23318641 PMID:23903188 PMID:23954785 PMID:24040508 PMID:24415944 PMID:24523458 PMID:24704339 PMID:24992682 PMID:25254346 PMID:25725068 PMID:26062938 PMID:26525673 PMID:27074666 PMID:27800171 PMID:28216315 PMID:28292427 PMID:28893948 PMID:29547123 PMID:29906446 PMID:30485821 anterior signaling center Planarian_Anatomy anterior pole Distinct anterior cluster of muscle cells located at the midline which express notum, follistatin, zic-1, and foxD. Distinct posterior cluster of muscle cells located at the midline which express wnt1. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4811 PMID:18063755 PMID:19805089 PMID:21566195 PMID:23318641 PMID:23903188 PMID:24415944 PMID:25725068 PMID:26062938 PMID:27074666 PMID:30485821 posterior regeneration pole tail tip Planarian_Anatomy posterior pole Distinct posterior cluster of muscle cells located at the midline which express wnt1. A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4626 CL:0000125 PMID:27612382 PMID:27612384 PMID:28137894 PMID:29674431 PMID:29674432 PMID:30471994 glia glia cell Planarian_Anatomy glial cell A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Image is an electron micrograph depicting a section of the ventral nerve cord. The arrowheads point at a likely glial cell. Note the difference in darkness of cytoplasm in the cell body of the glial cell compared to the surrounding axons. Scale bar is 2um. A biological tissue mass of nerve cell bodies. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-5000 UBERON:0000045 ganglia Planarian_Anatomy ganglion A biological tissue mass of nerve cell bodies. Heavily ciliated epidermal cells covering the inner surface of the pharynx shaft. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4772 OCLC:16809160 PMID:24120894 doi:10.1002/jmor.1051550208 epithelial pharynx lining epithelium lining the lumen of the pharynx inner epithelium inner pharyngeal epidermis inner pharyngeal epithelium inner pharynx epidermis inner pharynx epithelium Planarian_Anatomy pharynx inner epithelium Heavily ciliated epidermal cells covering the inner surface of the pharynx shaft. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. An epidermal cell, a part of the inner epithelial layer, has been marked with arrowheads. Immediately deep to the inner epithelial layer of the pharynx is musculature that has been colored. Magenta = circular; blue = longitudinal; yellow = radial. Scale bar is 5 um. Pharynx muscle fibers running circumferentially about the pharynx. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4767 ASIN:B000M4NK9M pharyngeal circular muscle cell pharynx circular muscle cell pharynx circular muscle fiber Planarian_Anatomy pharynx circular muscle cell Pharynx muscle fibers running circumferentially about the pharynx. Image is an electron micrograph of a transverse section through the pharynx. The pharynx lumen it to the left. The inner circular muscle (arrowheads) is immediately deep to the inner epithelial layer of the pharynx. Magenta = circular; green = longitudinal; red = radial. Scale bar is 2 um. replacing duplicate PLANA term obsolete brain true Groupings of specialized epithelial cells located along the dorsal ventral margin. Adhesion glands are comprised of three cell types, the viscid and releasing gland cells which penetrate through an epithelial anchor cell and terminate at the epidermal surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4411 ISBN:9780070316607 OCLC:16809160 PMID:20865784 marginal adhesive gland Planarian_Anatomy adhesion gland Groupings of specialized epithelial cells located along the dorsal ventral margin. Adhesion glands are comprised of three cell types, the viscid and releasing gland cells which penetrate through an epithelial anchor cell and terminate at the epidermal surface. Image is an electron micrograph showing the multicellular total adhesion gland structure (outlined) embedded in the epidermis. Note that the gland cells cross the basal lamina into the epithelium. Ventral is up and scale bar is 2um. Specialized epithelial cell located along the dorsoventral margin that surrounds the viscid and releasing gland cells. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4426 OCLC:16809160 PMID:20865784 Planarian_Anatomy anchor cell Specialized epithelial cell located along the dorsoventral margin that surrounds the viscid and releasing gland cells. Image is an electron micrograph showing the total multicellualr adhesion gland structure. The anchor cell has been outlined, though mucus-filled projections of gland cells can be seen densely packed inside. Nucleus is that of the anchor cell. Ventral is up and scale bar is 2um. A specialized insunk epithelial cell that is part of the adhesion glands which is responsible for production and excretion of the viscid substance allowing adherence to a substrate. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4956 OCLC:16809160 PMID:20865784 Planarian_Anatomy viscid gland cell A specialized insunk epithelial cell that is part of the adhesion glands which is responsible for production and excretion of the viscid substance allowing adherence to a substrate. Image is an electron micrograph showing the whole adhesion gland structure, specifically outlining a single cell (viscid gland cell) associated with this multicelluar structure. Ventral is up and scale bar is 2um. Specialized insunk epithelial cell that is part of the adhesion gland which is responsible for production of releasing substance. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4847 OCLC:16809160 PMID:20865784 Planarian_Anatomy releasing gland cell Specialized insunk epithelial cell that is part of the adhesion gland which is responsible for production of releasing substance. Image is an electron micrograph showing the whole adhesion gland structure. Arrowheads mark releasing gland cells which are associated with this multicelluar structure. The releasing gland cells have very small excretory particles compared to the neighboring viscid gland. Ventral is up and scale bar is 1um. A subset of TrpA+ neurons, located medially in the cephalic ganglia, whose formation is dependent on function of runt-1 and ap2. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4942 PMID:25254346 TrpA+ neuron Planarian_Anatomy TrpA+ central nervous system neuron A subset of TrpA+ neurons, located medially in the cephalic ganglia, whose formation is dependent on function of runt-1 and ap2. A subset of sensory neurons located along the dorsal head margin. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4496 PMID:12557210 PMID:25254346 PMID:29674431 cintillo+ neuron Planarian_Anatomy cintillo+ sensory neuron A subset of sensory neurons located along the dorsal head margin. no longer designating mediolateral regions using the contained_in object property obsolete epidermal compartment true piwi-1+, runt-1+, ap2+ progenitor neoblasts required for production of TrpA+ neurons. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4943 PMID:25254346 Planarian_Anatomy TrpA+ neural progenitor cell piwi-1+, runt-1+, ap2+ progenitor neoblasts required for production of TrpA+ neurons. piwi-1+, foxD+, prep+ progenitor neoblasts required for formation of the anterior pole. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4434 PMID:24415944 Planarian_Anatomy anterior pole progenitor cell piwi-1+, foxD+, prep+ progenitor neoblasts required for formation of the anterior pole. Axon tracts from ganglia that cross the midline, connecting the two ventral nerve cords. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4941 PMID:17999079 Planarian_Anatomy transverse commissure Axon tracts from ganglia that cross the midline, connecting the two ventral nerve cords. no longer designating mediolateral regions using the contained_in object property obsolete body wall musculature compartment true piwi-1+, lhx1/5-1+, pitx+ progenitor neoblasts required for specification of tph+ serotonergic neurons. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4877 PMID:23903188 PMID:24131630 PMID:25254346 Planarian_Anatomy serotonergic neural progenitor cell piwi-1+, lhx1/5-1+, pitx+ progenitor neoblasts required for specification of tph+ serotonergic neurons. piwi-1+, klf+ progenitor neoblasts required for production of cintillo+ sensory neurons. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4650 PMID:25254346 Planarian_Anatomy klf+ sensory neuron progenitor cell piwi-1+, klf+ progenitor neoblasts required for production of cintillo+ sensory neurons. A population of piwi-2+, ston-2+, elav-2+, ptprd-9+ and msi-1+ progenitors that give rise to one or more neuronal (pc-2+, synapsin+) lineages. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4721 PMID:27150006 vNeoblast Planarian_Anatomy nu neoblast A population of piwi-2+, ston-2+, elav-2+, ptprd-9+ and msi-1+ progenitors that give rise to one or more neuronal (pc-2+, synapsin+) lineages. A nerve extending laterally from the ventral nerve cord that innervates the submuscular plexus. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4653 PMID:17999079 Planarian_Anatomy lateral nerve A nerve extending laterally from the ventral nerve cord that innervates the submuscular plexus. no longer designating mediolateral regions using the contained_in object property obsolete parenchymal compartment true piwi-1+, pax3/7+ progenitor neoblasts implicated in the production of DBH+ ventral midline neurons. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4760 PMID:25254346 Planarian_Anatomy pax3/7+ neural progenitor cell piwi-1+, pax3/7+ progenitor neoblasts implicated in the production of DBH+ ventral midline neurons. A lumen enclosed by the embryonic pharynx epithelial cells through which yolk cells are transported into the embryonic gut cavity. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4555 PMID:28072387 Planarian_Anatomy embryonic pharynx lumen A lumen enclosed by the embryonic pharynx epithelial cells through which yolk cells are transported into the embryonic gut cavity. Nerve plexus surrounding the testis. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4931 PMID:17999079 PMID:7833618 Planarian_Anatomy testis nerve plexus Nerve plexus surrounding the testis. Transverse anatomical plane, located approximately 1-2 mm from the posterior extremity of an adult animal, at which fission occurs. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4592 OCLC:16809160 PMID:11972158 Planarian_Anatomy fission plane Transverse anatomical plane, located approximately 1-2 mm from the posterior extremity of an adult animal, at which fission occurs. Nerve plexus surrounding the ovary. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-1939 | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7535-4747 PMID:17999079 PMID:7833618 Planarian_Anatomy ovary nerve plexus Nerve plexus surrounding the ovary. no longer designating mediolateral regions using the contained_in object property obsolete gastrovascular compartment true Planarian Phenotype Abnormality of cytoplasmic vesicle part. abnormality of cytoplasmic vesicle part abnormal cytoplasmic vesicle part Abnormality of medial-lateral axis of the whole animal. abnormality of medial-lateral axis of the whole animal abnormal medial-lateral axis Abnormality of oviduct lumen. abnormality of oviduct lumen abnormal oviduct lumen Abnormality of Category 4 cell. abnormality of Category 4 cell abnormal Category 4 cell Abnormality of zygote. abnormality of zygote abnormal zygote Abnormality of male primordial germ cell. abnormality of male primordial germ cell abnormal male primordial germ cell Abnormality of yolk cell. abnormality of yolk cell abnormal yolk cell Abnormality of fission plane. abnormality of fission plane abnormal fission plane Abnormality of central nervous system neuron. abnormality of central nervous system neuron abnormal central nervous system neuron Abnormality of pharynx musculature. abnormality of pharynx musculature abnormal pharynx musculature Abnormality of collecting duct. abnormality of collecting duct abnormal collecting duct Abnormality of nucleolus. abnormality of nucleolus abnormal nucleolus Abnormality of outer longitudinal muscle cell. abnormality of outer longitudinal muscle cell abnormal outer longitudinal muscle cell Abnormality of tail stripe. abnormality of tail stripe abnormal tail stripe no longer designating mediolateral regions using the contained_in object property obsolete abnormal gastrovascular compartment false Abnormality of Smed sexual biotype. abnormality of Smed sexual biotype abnormal Smed sexual biotype Abnormality of rough endoplasmic reticulum. abnormality of rough endoplasmic reticulum abnormal rough endoplasmic reticulum Abnormality of renal system. abnormality of renal system abnormal renal system Abnormality of brain commissure. abnormality of brain commissure abnormal brain commissure Abnormality of oviduct. abnormality of oviduct abnormal oviduct Abnormality of primitive ectoderm surface. abnormality of primitive ectoderm surface abnormal primitive ectoderm surface Abnormality of neoblast. abnormality of neoblast abnormal neoblast Abnormality of reproductive system product. abnormality of reproductive system product abnormal reproductive system product Abnormality of pharynx inner longitudinal muscle cell. abnormality of pharynx inner longitudinal muscle cell abnormal pharynx inner longitudinal muscle cell Abnormality of tail. abnormality of tail abnormal tail Abnormality of prepharyngeal region. abnormality of prepharyngeal region abnormal prepharyngeal region Abnormality of extracellular organelle. abnormality of extracellular organelle abnormal extracellular organelle Abnormality of distal tubule epithelial cell. abnormality of distal tubule epithelial cell abnormal distal tubule epithelial cell Abnormality of proximal tubule. abnormality of proximal tubule abnormal proximal tubule Abnormality of organ. abnormality of organ abnormal organ Abnormality of pigment cup cell. abnormality of pigment cup cell abnormal pigment cup cell Abnormality of glial cell. abnormality of glial cell abnormal glial cell Abnormality of eye. abnormality of eye abnormal eye Abnormality of goblet cell. abnormality of goblet cell abnormal goblet cell Abnormality of gastrodermis surface. abnormality of gastrodermis surface abnormal gastrodermis surface let odk import from BSPO if needed obsolete abnormal plane of autonomy false Abnormality of bipolar neuron. abnormality of bipolar neuron abnormal bipolar neuron Abnormality of pharynx. abnormality of pharynx abnormal definitive pharynx Abnormality of ventral epidermis. abnormality of ventral epidermis abnormal ventral epidermis Abnormality of cintillo+ sensory neuron. abnormality of cintillo+ sensory neuron abnormal cintillo+ sensory neuron Abnormality of pharynx lumen. abnormality of pharynx lumen abnormal pharynx lumen Abnormality of sigma neoblast. abnormality of sigma neoblast abnormal sigma neoblast Abnormality of inner longitudinal muscle cell. abnormality of inner longitudinal muscle cell abnormal inner longitudinal muscle cell Abnormality of pharynx epithelium. abnormality of pharynx epithelium abnormal pharynx epithelium Abnormality of extraembryonic cell. abnormality of extraembryonic cell abnormal extraembryonic cell Abnormality of head. abnormality of head abnormal head removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete abnormal Schmidtea mediterranea developmental term false removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete abnormal dispersed cleavage false Abnormality of copulatory apparatus. abnormality of copulatory apparatus abnormal copulatory apparatus Abnormality of intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle. abnormality of intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle abnormal intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle Abnormality of Stage 1. abnormality of Stage 1 abnormal Stage 1 Abnormality of autonomic neuron. abnormality of autonomic neuron abnormal autonomic neuron Abnormality of basal surface of the epidermis. abnormality of basal surface of the epidermis abnormal basal surface of the epidermis term is not needed. obsolete abnormal acidophilic cytoplasm false Abnormality of embryonic gut cell. abnormality of embryonic gut cell abnormal embryonic gut cell Abnormality of rhabdite. abnormality of rhabdite abnormal rhabdite Abnormality of protonephridia. abnormality of protonephridia abnormal protonephridia Abnormality of round spermatid. abnormality of round spermatid abnormal round spermatid Abnormality of basal lamina of epithelium. abnormality of basal lamina of epithelium abnormal basal lamina of epithelium Abnormality of mechanoreceptor cell. abnormality of mechanoreceptor cell abnormal mechanoreceptor cell Abnormality of Stage 6. abnormality of Stage 6 abnormal Stage 6 Abnormality of pharynx outer nerve plexus. abnormality of pharynx outer nerve plexus abnormal pharynx outer nerve plexus term is not needed. obsolete abnormal cytoskeleton organization false extra layer of complexity not needed upon further examination obsolete abnormal anatomical compartment subdivision feature false Abnormality of peripheral nervous system neuron. abnormality of peripheral nervous system neuron abnormal peripheral nervous system neuron Abnormality of embryonic digestive system. abnormality of embryonic digestive system abnormal embryonic digestive system Abnormality of muscle cell. abnormality of muscle cell abnormal muscle cell Abnormality of dopaminergic neuron. abnormality of dopaminergic neuron abnormal dopaminergic neuron Abnormality of aboral hemisphere. abnormality of aboral hemisphere abnormal aboral hemisphere Abnormality of cell-cell adhesion. abnormality of cell-cell adhesion abnormal cell-cell adhesion Abnormality of nuclear pore. abnormality of nuclear pore abnormal nuclear pore Abnormality of sensory cell. abnormality of sensory cell abnormal sensory cell Abnormality of ribosome. abnormality of ribosome abnormal ribosome extra layer of complexity not needed upon further examination obsolete abnormal acellular anatomical structure false Abnormality of gamma neoblast. abnormality of gamma neoblast abnormal gamma neoblast no longer designating mediolateral regions using the contained_in object property obsolete abnormal parenchymal compartment false Abnormality of posterior pole. abnormality of posterior pole abnormal posterior pole Abnormality of oocyte. abnormality of oocyte abnormal oocyte Abnormality of sperm duct epithelium. abnormality of sperm duct epithelium abnormal sperm duct epithelium Abnormality of gamete. abnormality of gamete abnormal gamete Abnormality of embryonic pharynx. abnormality of embryonic pharynx abnormal embryonic pharynx Abnormality of cell-cell contact zone. abnormality of cell-cell contact zone abnormal cell-cell contact zone Abnormality of releasing gland cell. abnormality of releasing gland cell abnormal releasing gland cell Abnormality of testis somatic gonadal cell. abnormality of testis somatic gonadal cell abnormal testis somatic gonadal cell Abnormality of bursal canal. abnormality of bursal canal abnormal bursal canal Abnormality of lateral branch. abnormality of lateral branch abnormal lateral branch Abnormality of dorsal stripe. abnormality of dorsal stripe abnormal dorsal stripe Abnormality of embryonic structure. abnormality of embryonic structure abnormal embryonic structure Abnormality of epidermal progenitor cell. abnormality of epidermal progenitor cell abnormal epidermal progenitor cell Abnormality of chromatin. abnormality of chromatin abnormal chromatin Abnormality of Stage 4. abnormality of Stage 4 abnormal Stage 4 Abnormality of anchor cell. abnormality of anchor cell abnormal anchor cell Abnormality of klf+ sensory neuron progenitor cell. abnormality of klf+ sensory neuron progenitor cell abnormal klf+ sensory neuron progenitor cell Abnormality of optic chiasm. abnormality of optic chiasm abnormal optic chiasm Abnormality of primitive ectoderm cell. abnormality of primitive ectoderm cell abnormal primitive ectoderm cell Abnormality of oviduct epithelial cell. abnormality of oviduct epithelial cell abnormal oviduct epithelial cell Abnormality of male germ cell. abnormality of male germ cell abnormal male germ cell Abnormality of longitudinal muscle cell. abnormality of longitudinal muscle cell abnormal longitudinal muscle cell Abnormality of oral opening. abnormality of oral opening abnormal oral opening Abnormality of membrane-bounded organelle. abnormality of membrane-bounded organelle abnormal membrane-bounded organelle Abnormality of spermatogonium. abnormality of spermatogonium abnormal spermatogonium Abnormality of dorsal region of the epidermis. abnormality of dorsal region of the epidermis abnormal dorsal epidermis Abnormality of seminal vesicle. abnormality of seminal vesicle abnormal seminal vesicle Abnormality of extraembryonic structure. abnormality of extraembryonic structure abnormal extraembryonic structure Abnormality of Stage 3. abnormality of Stage 3 abnormal Stage 3 Abnormality of adhesion gland. abnormality of adhesion gland abnormal adhesion gland Abnormality of neural progenitor cell. abnormality of neural progenitor cell abnormal neural progenitor Abnormality of yolk syncytium. abnormality of yolk syncytium abnormal yolk syncytium Abnormality of plasma membrane. abnormality of plasma membrane abnormal plasma membrane Abnormality of cytoplasmic part. abnormality of cytoplasmic part abnormal cytoplasmic part Abnormality of unipolar neuron. abnormality of unipolar neuron abnormal unipolar neuron Abnormality of cephalic ganglia. abnormality of cephalic ganglia abnormal cephalic ganglia Abnormality of ciliated epithelial cell. abnormality of ciliated epithelial cell abnormal ciliated epithelial cell Abnormality of sperm duct. abnormality of sperm duct abnormal sperm duct Abnormality of anterior pole progenitor cell. abnormality of anterior pole progenitor cell abnormal anterior pole progenitor cell Abnormality of anterior-posterior axis of the whole animal. abnormality of anterior-posterior axis of the whole animal abnormal anterior-posterior axis Abnormality of plasma membrane part. abnormality of plasma membrane part abnormal plasma membrane part Abnormality of embryonic pharynx circular muscle cell. abnormality of embryonic pharynx circular muscle cell abnormal embryonic pharynx circular muscle cell Abnormality of submuscular nerve plexus. abnormality of submuscular nerve plexus abnormal submuscular nerve plexus Abnormality of female primordial germ cell. abnormality of female primordial germ cell abnormal female primordial germ cell Abnormality of photoreceptor neuron. abnormality of photoreceptor neuron abnormal photoreceptor neuron Abnormality of asexual adult. abnormality of asexual adult abnormal asexual adult Abnormality of gonad. abnormality of gonad abnormal gonad Abnormality of ventral nerve cord. abnormality of ventral nerve cord abnormal ventral nerve cord Abnormality of embryonic wall. abnormality of embryonic wall abnormal embryonic wall Abnormality of testis nerve plexus. abnormality of testis nerve plexus abnormal testis nerve plexus Abnormality of pharynx radial muscle cell. abnormality of pharynx radial muscle cell abnormal pharynx radial muscle cell Abnormality of clonogenic neoblast. abnormality of clonogenic neoblast abnormal clonogenic neoblast Abnormality of nuclear part. abnormality of nuclear part abnormal nuclear part Abnormality of sensory system. abnormality of sensory system abnormal sensory system Abnormality of gut. abnormality of gut abnormal gut Abnormality of dorsal ventral margin of the whole animal. abnormality of dorsal ventral margin of the whole animal abnormal dorsal ventral margin Abnormality of ovary. abnormality of ovary abnormal ovary Abnormality of GABAergic neuron. abnormality of GABAergic neuron abnormal GABAergic neuron Abnormality of electrically responsive cell. abnormality of electrically responsive cell abnormal electrically responsive cell Abnormality of pharynx pouch. abnormality of pharynx pouch abnormal pharynx pouch Abnormality of musculature system. abnormality of musculature system abnormal musculature system Abnormality of actin-based cell projection. abnormality of actin-based cell projection abnormal actin-based cell projection Abnormality of efferent neuron. abnormality of efferent neuron abnormal efferent neuron Abnormality of embryonic pharynx lumen. abnormality of embryonic pharynx lumen abnormal embryonic pharynx lumen Abnormality of non-membrane-bounded organelle. abnormality of non-membrane-bounded organelle abnormal non-membrane-bounded organelle Abnormality of parapharyngeal region. abnormality of parapharyngeal region abnormal parapharyngeal region Abnormality of oral hemisphere. abnormality of oral hemisphere abnormal oral hemisphere Abnormality of electrically signaling cell. abnormality of electrically signaling cell abnormal electrically signaling cell Abnormality of visual system. abnormality of visual system abnormal visual system Abnormality of nervous system. abnormality of nervous system abnormal nervous system Abnormality of nucleus. abnormality of nucleus abnormal nucleus removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete abnormal oviparity false Abnormality of anatomical system. abnormality of anatomical system abnormal anatomical system removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete abnormal protosphere false Abnormality of gland cell. abnormality of gland cell abnormal gland cell Abnormality of bounding membrane of organelle. abnormality of bounding membrane of organelle abnormal bounding membrane of organelle Abnormality of Category 3 cell. abnormality of Category 3 cell abnormal Category 3 cell Abnormality of gastrodermis. abnormality of gastrodermis abnormal gastrodermis Abnormality of non ciliated epithelial cell. abnormality of non ciliated epithelial cell abnormal non ciliated epithelial cell Abnormality of pharynx longitudinal muscle cell. abnormality of pharynx longitudinal muscle cell abnormal pharynx longitudinal muscle cell Abnormality of left-right axis of the whole animal. abnormality of left-right axis of the whole animal abnormal left-right axis Abnormality of trail cell. abnormality of trail cell abnormal trail cell Abnormality of blastomere. abnormality of blastomere abnormal blastomere Abnormality of oogonial cell. abnormality of oogonial cell abnormal oogonial cell Abnormality of Stage 8. abnormality of Stage 8 abnormal Stage 8 Abnormality of copulatory region. abnormality of copulatory region abnormal copulatory region Abnormality of Golgi apparatus. abnormality of Golgi apparatus abnormal Golgi apparatus Abnormality of spermatid. abnormality of spermatid abnormal spermatid Abnormality of definitive organism subdivision. abnormality of definitive organism subdivision abnormal definitive organism subdivision removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete abnormal direct development false Abnormality of vitelline gland. abnormality of vitelline gland abnormal vitelline gland Abnormality of embryonic pharynx neuron. abnormality of embryonic pharynx neuron abnormal embryonic pharynx neuron Abnormality of membrane. abnormality of membrane abnormal membrane Abnormality of flame cell. abnormality of flame cell abnormal flame cell Abnormality of cytoplasm. abnormality of cytoplasm abnormal cytoplasm Abnormality of oral-aboral axis of the embryo. abnormality of oral-aboral axis of the embryo abnormal oral-aboral axis Abnormality of zeta neoblast. abnormality of zeta neoblast abnormal zeta neoblast removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete abnormal tissue morphogenesis false Abnormality of juvenile. abnormality of juvenile abnormal juvenile Abnormality of central nervous system. abnormality of central nervous system abnormal central nervous system Abnormality of pharynx inner circular muscle cell. abnormality of pharynx inner circular muscle cell abnormal pharynx inner circular muscle cell removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete abnormal gametogenesis false no longer designating mediolateral regions using the contained_in object property obsolete abnormal body wall musculature compartment false Abnormality of motor neuron. abnormality of motor neuron abnormal motor neuron Abnormality of apical surface of the epidermis. abnormality of apical surface of the epidermis abnormal apical surface of the epidermis Abnormality of tuba. abnormality of tuba abnormal tuba Abnormality of posterior primary gut branch. abnormality of posterior primary gut branch abnormal posterior primary gut branch Abnormality of epithelial cell component. abnormality of epithelial cell component abnormal epithelial cell component Abnormality of spermatogonial stem cell. abnormality of spermatogonial stem cell abnormal spermatogonial stem cell Abnormality of ovary nerve plexus. abnormality of ovary nerve plexus abnormal ovary nerve plexus Abnormality of midline. abnormality of midline abnormal midline Abnormality of pharynx inner nerve plexus. abnormality of pharynx inner nerve plexus abnormal pharynx inner nerve plexus now using patterned term ventral region PLANA:0000143 obsolete abnormal ventral compartment false Abnormality of parenchymal musculature. abnormality of parenchymal musculature abnormal parenchymal musculature Abnormality of neuron projection bundle. abnormality of neuron projection bundle abnormal neuron projection bundle removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete abnormal embryonic cleavage false extra layer of complexity not needed upon further examination obsolete abnormal definitive anatomical structure false Abnormality of anatomical region. abnormality of anatomical region abnormal anatomical region this term is not needed. All previous children of this term (Stage 1, Sage 2, etc) are now children of GO life cycle stage or zygote stage obsolete abnormal Schmidtea mediterranea developmental stage false Abnormality of Category 2 cell. abnormality of Category 2 cell abnormal Category 2 cell Abnormality of cell-cell junction. abnormality of cell-cell junction abnormal cell-cell junction Abnormality of TrpA+ central nervous system neuron. abnormality of TrpA+ central nervous system neuron abnormal TrpA+ central nervous system neuron Abnormality of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. abnormality of smooth endoplasmic reticulum abnormal smooth endoplasmic reticulum Abnormality of terminally differentiated cell. abnormality of terminally differentiated cell abnormal terminally differentiated cell Abnormality of basophilic gland cell. abnormality of basophilic gland cell abnormal basophilic gland cell Abnormality of primordium. abnormality of primordium abnormal primordium Abnormality of euchromatin. abnormality of euchromatin abnormal euchromatin Abnormality of proximal tubule epithelial cell. abnormality of proximal tubule epithelial cell abnormal proximal tubule epithelial cell Abnormality of anterior pole. abnormality of anterior pole abnormal anterior pole Abnormality of oviduct epithelium. abnormality of oviduct epithelium abnormal oviduct epithelium Abnormality of testis. abnormality of testis abnormal testis Abnormality of Category 5 cell. abnormality of Category 5 cell abnormal Category 5 cell Abnormality of stem cell. abnormality of stem cell abnormal stem cell Abnormality of digestive system. abnormality of digestive system abnormal digestive system Abnormality of viscid gland cell. abnormality of viscid gland cell abnormal viscid gland cell Abnormality of germ cell. abnormality of germ cell abnormal germ cell Abnormality of embryo. abnormality of embryo abnormal embryo Abnormality of anterior commissure. abnormality of anterior commissure abnormal anterior commissure Abnormality of acidophilic gland cell. abnormality of acidophilic gland cell abnormal acidophilic gland cell Abnormality of tuba lumen. abnormality of tuba lumen abnormal tuba lumen Abnormality of Stage 5. abnormality of Stage 5 abnormal Stage 5 Abnormality of embryonic gut cavity. abnormality of embryonic gut cavity abnormal embryonic gut cavity Abnormality of pharynx pouch epithelial surface. abnormality of pharynx pouch epithelial surface abnormal pharynx pouch epithelial surface Abnormality of embryonic gut cell surface. abnormality of embryonic gut cell surface abnormal embryonic gut cell surface Abnormality of vacuole. abnormality of vacuole abnormal vacuole Abnormality of proximal-distal axis of the whole animal. abnormality of proximal-distal axis of the whole animal abnormal proximal-distal axis Abnormality of sperm duct lumen. abnormality of sperm duct lumen abnormal sperm duct lumen Abnormality of neuron associated cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia). abnormality of neuron associated cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) abnormal neuron associated cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) Abnormality of progenitor cell. abnormality of progenitor cell abnormal progenitor cell Abnormality of biotype. abnormality of biotype abnormal biotype Abnormality of organelle. abnormality of organelle abnormal organelle Abnormality of embryonic subdivision. abnormality of embryonic subdivision abnormal embryonic subdivision Abnormality of neurosecretory neuron. abnormality of neurosecretory neuron abnormal neurosecretory neuron Abnormality of epithelial cell. abnormality of epithelial cell abnormal epithelial cell Abnormality of serotonergic neuron. abnormality of serotonergic neuron abnormal serotonergic neuron Abnormality of muscle progenitor cell. abnormality of muscle progenitor cell abnormal muscle progenitor Abnormality of endoplasmic reticulum. abnormality of endoplasmic reticulum abnormal endoplasmic reticulum Abnormality of distal tubule. abnormality of distal tubule abnormal distal tubule Abnormality of copulatory bursa. abnormality of copulatory bursa abnormal copulatory bursa Abnormality of esophagus. abnormality of esophagus abnormal esophagus Abnormality of secondary gut branch. abnormality of secondary gut branch abnormal secondary gut branch Abnormality of Stage 2. abnormality of Stage 2 abnormal Stage 2 Abnormality of protonephridial progenitor cell. abnormality of protonephridial progenitor cell abnormal protonephridial progenitor Abnormality of ventral midline. abnormality of ventral midline abnormal ventral midline removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete abnormal sphere formation false term is not needed. obsolete abnormal basophilic cytoplasm false Abnormality of primtive gut cell surface. abnormality of primtive gut cell surface abnormal primtive gut cell surface Abnormality of egg capsule. abnormality of egg capsule abnormal egg capsule Abnormality of multipolar neuron. abnormality of multipolar neuron abnormal multipolar neuron Abnormality of secretory cell. abnormality of secretory cell abnormal secretory cell Abnormality of pharynx outer longitudinal muscle cell. abnormality of pharynx outer longitudinal muscle cell abnormal pharynx outer longitudinal muscle cell Abnormality of penis papilla. abnormality of penis papilla abnormal penis papilla Abnormality of TrpA+ neural progenitor cell. abnormality of TrpA+ neural progenitor cell abnormal TrpA+ neural progenitor cell Abnormality of interneuron. abnormality of interneuron abnormal interneuron Abnormality of subepidermal nerve plexus. abnormality of subepidermal nerve plexus abnormal subepidermal nerve plexus Abnormality of longitudinal muscle progenitor cell. abnormality of longitudinal muscle progenitor cell abnormal longitudinal muscle progenitor cell Abnormality of microvillus. abnormality of microvillus abnormal microvillus Abnormality of adult hermaphrodite. abnormality of adult hermaphrodite abnormal adult hermaphrodite Abnormality of mitochondrion. abnormality of mitochondrion abnormal mitochondrion Abnormality of enteric musculature. abnormality of enteric musculature abnormal enteric musculature let odk import from BSPO if needed obsolete abnormal coronal plane false Abnormality of dorsal midline. abnormality of dorsal midline abnormal dorsal midline Abnormality of ganglion. abnormality of ganglion abnormal ganglion Abnormality of pharynx inner epithelium surface. abnormality of pharynx inner epithelium surface abnormal pharynx lumen epithelial surface Abnormality of sperm. abnormality of sperm abnormal sperm Abnormality of serotonergic neural progenitor cell. abnormality of serotonergic neural progenitor cell abnormal serotonergic neural progenitor cell Abnormality of nerve plexus. abnormality of nerve plexus abnormal nerve plexus Abnormality of reproductive system. abnormality of reproductive system abnormal reproductive system Abnormality of afferent neuron. abnormality of afferent neuron abnormal afferent neuron Abnormality of neuropil. abnormality of neuropil abnormal neuropil Abnormality of intestinal phagocyte. abnormality of intestinal phagocyte abnormal intestinal phagocyte Abnormality of anterior primary gut branch. abnormality of anterior primary gut branch abnormal anterior primary gut branch Abnormality of intracellular part. abnormality of intracellular part abnormal intracellular part no longer designating mediolateral regions using the contained_in object property obsolete abnormal epidermal compartment false Abnormality of digestive tract lumen. abnormality of digestive tract lumen abnormal digestive tract lumen causes problems with is a and part of relationships for inner and outer pharynx nerve plexus in that both are true. obsolete abnormal pharynx nerve plexus false Abnormality of cell. abnormality of cell abnormal cell Abnormality of axon tract. abnormality of axon tract abnormal axon tract Abnormality of peripheral nervous system. abnormality of peripheral nervous system abnormal peripheral nervous system Abnormality of cell projection. abnormality of cell projection abnormal cell projection Abnormality of commissural neuron. abnormality of commissural neuron abnormal commissural neuron Abnormality of pax3/7+ neural progenitor cell. abnormality of pax3/7+ neural progenitor cell abnormal pax3/7+ neural progenitor cell Abnormality of tissue. abnormality of tissue abnormal tissue Abnormality of intracellular organelle. abnormality of intracellular organelle abnormal intracellular organelle Abnormality of secretory vesicle. abnormality of secretory vesicle abnormal secretory vesicle Abnormality of optic cup. abnormality of optic cup abnormal optic cup Abnormality of pharynx circular muscle cell. abnormality of pharynx circular muscle cell abnormal pharynx circular muscle cell Abnormality of enteric neuron. abnormality of enteric neuron abnormal enteric neuron Abnormality of embryonic cell. abnormality of embryonic cell abnormal embryonic cell Abnormality of Smed asexual biotype. abnormality of Smed asexual biotype abnormal Smed asexual biotype Abnormality of integumental system. abnormality of integumental system abnormal integumental system Abnormality of cement gland. abnormality of cement gland abnormal cement gland Abnormality of secretory system. abnormality of secretory system abnormal secretory system Abnormality of elongate spermatid. abnormality of elongate spermatid abnormal elongate spermatid Abnormality of lysosome. abnormality of lysosome abnormal lysosome Abnormality of membrane part. abnormality of membrane part abnormal membrane part Abnormality of Stage 7. abnormality of Stage 7 abnormal Stage 7 Abnormality of body wall musculature. abnormality of body wall musculature abnormal body wall musculature Abnormality of dorsal-ventral axis of the whole animal. abnormality of dorsal-ventral axis of the whole animal abnormal dorsal-ventral axis Abnormality of embryonic pharynx lumen epithelial surface. abnormality of embryonic pharynx lumen epithelial surface abnormal embryonic pharynx lumen epithelial surface Abnormality of pharynx inner epithelium. abnormality of pharynx inner epithelium abnormal pharynx inner epithelium Abnormality of circular muscle cell. abnormality of circular muscle cell abnormal circular muscle cell Abnormality of intracellular membrane-bounded organelle. abnormality of intracellular membrane-bounded organelle abnormal intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Abnormality of oogonial stem cell. abnormality of oogonial stem cell abnormal oogonial stem cell Abnormality of octopaminergic neuron. abnormality of octopaminergic neuron abnormal octopaminergic neuron Abnormality of gonopore. abnormality of gonopore abnormal gonopore Abnormality of flame bulb. abnormality of flame bulb abnormal flame bulb Abnormality of cholinergic neuron. abnormality of cholinergic neuron abnormal cholinergic neuron Abnormality of visceral musculature. abnormality of visceral musculature abnormal visceral musculature Abnormality of multicellular anatomical structure. abnormality of multicellular anatomical structure abnormal multicellular anatomical structure Abnormality of tertiary gut branch. abnormality of tertiary gut branch abnormal tertiary gut branch Abnormality of lateral nerve. abnormality of lateral nerve abnormal lateral nerve Abnormality of pharynx outer circular muscle cell. abnormality of pharynx outer circular muscle cell abnormal pharynx outer circular muscle cell Abnormality of transverse commissure. abnormality of transverse commissure abnormal transverse commissure Abnormality of sensory neuron. abnormality of sensory neuron abnormal sensory neuron Abnormality of gastrodermal plexus. abnormality of gastrodermal plexus abnormal gastrodermal plexus Abnormality of cell junction. abnormality of cell junction abnormal cell junction Abnormality of primitive gut cell. abnormality of primitive gut cell abnormal primitive gut cell Abnormality of ectolecithal embryo. abnormality of ectolecithal embryo abnormal ectolecithal embryo Abnormality of epidermis. abnormality of epidermis abnormal epidermis Abnormality of nu neoblast. abnormality of nu neoblast abnormal nu neoblast Abnormality of ovarian somatic gonadal cell. abnormality of ovarian somatic gonadal cell abnormal ovarian somatic gonadal cell Abnormality of sperm duct epithelial cell. abnormality of sperm duct epithelial cell abnormal sperm duct epithelial cell Abnormality of primitive ectoderm. abnormality of primitive ectoderm abnormal primitive ectoderm Abnormality of pharynx outer epithelium. abnormality of pharynx outer epithelium abnormal pharynx outer epithelium Abnormality of female germ cell. abnormality of female germ cell abnormal female germ cell Abnormality of collecting duct epithelial cell. abnormality of collecting duct epithelial cell abnormal collecting duct epithelial cell Abnormality of mouth. abnormality of mouth abnormal mouth Abnormality of circular muscle progenitor cell. abnormality of circular muscle progenitor cell abnormal circular muscle progenitor cell Abnormality of embryonic pharynx epithelial cell. abnormality of embryonic pharynx epithelial cell abnormal embryonic pharynx epithelial cell Abnormality of pharynx pouch cavity. abnormality of pharynx pouch cavity abnormal pharynx pouch cavity Abnormality of spermatocyte. abnormality of spermatocyte abnormal spermatocyte Abnormality of pharynx progenitor cell. abnormality of pharynx progenitor cell abnormal pharynx progenitor cell racing stripe is now a synonym of PLANA:0000055 dorsal stripe obsolete abnormal racing stripe false Abnormality of excitatory motor neuron. abnormality of excitatory motor neuron abnormal excitatory motor neuron Abnormality of neuron. abnormality of neuron abnormal neuron Abnormality of diagonal muscle cell. abnormality of diagonal muscle cell abnormal diagonal muscle cell Abnormality of nerve. abnormality of nerve abnormal nerve Abnormality of sympathetic neuron. abnormality of sympathetic neuron abnormal sympathetic neuron removing all processes. may bring back if PLANA expanded to cover processes. obsolete abnormal cross-fertilization false Abnormality of secretory pore. abnormality of secretory pore abnormal secretory pore Abnormality of blastema. abnormality of blastema abnormal blastema Abnormality of embryonic pharynx radial muscle cell. abnormality of embryonic pharynx radial muscle cell abnormal embryonic pharynx radial muscle cell Abnormality of organelle membrane. abnormality of organelle membrane abnormal organelle membrane Abnormality of pharynx outer epithelium surface. abnormality of pharynx outer epithelium surface abnormal pharynx outer epithelium surface Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the primitive ectoderm surface, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of primitive ectoderm surface abnormal morphology of primitive ectoderm surface Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the gastrodermis surface, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of gastrodermis surface abnormal morphology of lumen gut surface Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the basal surface of the epidermis, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of basal surface of the epidermis abnormal morphology of basal epidermis surface Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the apical surface of the epidermis, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of apical surface of the epidermis abnormal morphology of apical epidermis surface Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the pharynx pouch epithelial surface, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of pharynx pouch epithelial surface abnormal morphology of pharyngeal pouch surface Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the embryonic gut cell surface, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of embryonic gut cell surface abnormal morphology of embryonic gut cell surface Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the primtive gut cell surface, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of primtive gut cell surface abnormal morphology of primtive gut cell surface Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the pharynx inner epithelium surface, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of pharynx inner epithelium surface abnormal morphology of pharynx lumen epithelial surface Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the embryonic pharynx lumen epithelial surface, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of embryonic pharynx lumen epithelial surface abnormal morphology of temporary embryonic pharynx lumen epithelial surface Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the pharynx outer epithelium surface, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of pharynx outer epithelium surface abnormal morphology of pharynx outer epithelial surface Any structural anomaly in the shape of the ventral region of the whole animal. abnormally shaped ventral region of the whole animal abormal shape of the ventral region of the animal Any structural anomaly that causes ventral region of the whole animal to be curled shaped. abnormal curled shape of ventral region of the whole animal ventral curling Any structural anomaly that causes head to be pointed shaped. abnormal pointed shape of head pointy head Any structural anomaly that causes head to be columnar shaped. abnormal columnar shape of head column-like head skinny or decreased width of the head. skinny head skinny head Any structural anomaly that causes tail to be pointed shaped. abnormal pointed shape of tail pointy tail Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the head, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of head abnormal morphology of head Any unspecified morphological anomaly of the tail, such as, for example, abnormal shape or colour. abnormal morphology of tail abnormal morphology of tail Any structural anomaly in the shape of the head. abnormally shaped head abnormal shape of head Any structural anomaly in the shape of the tail. abnormally shaped tail abnormal shape of tail A deviation from the normal size of the head. abnormal size of the head abnormal size of head A deviation from the normal size of the tail. abnormal size of the tail abnormal size of tail skinny or decreased width of the tail. skinny tail skinny tail An abnormal head with a lesion that is star shaped. star shaped lesion of the head star shaped lesion on the head An abnormal head with a lesion that is circular. circular lesion of the head circular shaped lesion on the head An abnormal head with a lesion that is linear. linear lesion of the head linear shaped lesion on the head An abnormal tail with a lesion that is star shaped. star shaped lesion of the tail star shaped lesion on the tail An abnormal tail with a lesion that is circular. circular lesion of the tail circular shaped lesion on the tail An abnormal tail with a lesion that is linear. linear lesion of the tail linear shaped lesion on the tail Increased distance between eye and eye. distance increased between eye and eye eyes further apart than normae Decreased distance between eye and eye. distance decreased between eye and eye eyes closer together than normal abnormal distance between eye and eye. abnormal distance between eye and eye distance abnormal between eye and eye abnormal distance between eyes An abnormal head with one or more lesions. head with lesion(s) lesion in the head An abnormal tail with one or more lesions. tail with lesion(s) lesion in the tail Absence of eye. missing eye loss of eyes Any structural anomaly that causes there to be an abnormal number eye. abnormal number of eyes altered number of eyes abnormal number of eyes Decreased or loss of pigmentation of eye. eye hypopigmentation loss of pigment in the eye decreased pigmentation of the eyes complete loss of pigmenation of the eye. absence of pigment in the eye complete loss of pigmentation in the eye loss of pigmentation in the eye Decreased length or shortening of the tail. short tail short tail longer, increased length of, head longer head long head longer, increased length of, tail longer tail long tail Increased width of head. wider head wide head Increased width of tail. wider tail wide tail Any structural anomaly that causes there to be an abnormal number head. abnormal number of heads altered number of heads abnormal number of heads The presence of an increased number of head. Extra head more heads Absence of head. missing head loss of head Any structural anomaly that causes there to be an abnormal number tail. abnormal number of tails altered number of tails abnormal number of tails The presence of an increased number of tail. Extra tail more tails Absence of tail. missing tail loss of tail abnormal degree of pigmentation of the eye. abnormal pigmentation of the eye abnormal pigmentation of the eyes abnormal degree of pigmentation of the epidermis. abnormal pigmentation of the epidermis abnormal pigmentation of the epidermis Decreased or loss of pigmentation of epidermis. epidermis hypopigmentation loss of pigment in the epidermis decreased pigmentation of the epidermis The presence of a reduced number of eye. Reduced number of eye less eyes The presence of a reduced number of head. Reduced number of head less heads complete loss of pigmenation of the epidermis. absence of pigment in the epidermis complete loss of pigmentation in the epidermis loss of pigmentation in the epidermis The presence of a reduced number of tail. Reduced number of tail less tails The presence of an increased number of eye. Extra eye more eyes Abnormality of whole organism. abnormality of whole organism abnormal whole organism Abnormality of regeneration. abnormality of regeneration abnormal regeneration Abnormality of Hyman vesicle. abnormality of Hyman vesicle abnormal Hyman vesicle Abnormality of anterior region of the whole animal. abnormality of anterior region of the whole animal abnormal anterior region Abnormality of dorsal region of the whole animal. abnormality of dorsal region of the whole animal abnormal dorsal region Abnormality of posterior compartment of the whole animal. abnormality of posterior compartment of the whole animal abnormal posterior region Abnormality of ventral region of the whole animal. abnormality of ventral region of the whole animal abnormal ventral region Abnormality of heterochromatin. abnormality of heterochromatin abnormal heterochromatin Abnormality of adenal rhabdite. abnormality of adenal rhabdite abnormal adenal rhabdite Abnormality of adherens junction. abnormality of adherens junction abnormal adherens junction Abnormality of adhesive papilla. abnormality of adhesive papilla abnormal adhesive papilla Abnormality of amputation. abnormality of amputation abnormal amputation Abnormality of anterior gut branch. abnormality of anterior gut branch abnormal anterior gut branch Abnormality of anterior tip. abnormality of anterior tip abnormal anterior tip Abnormality of antrum. abnormality of antrum abnormal antrum Abnormality of auricle. abnormality of auricle abnormal auricle Abnormality of axon. abnormality of axon abnormal axon Abnormality of axoneme. abnormality of axoneme abnormal axoneme Abnormality of basal body. abnormality of basal body abnormal basal body Abnormality of brain visual center. abnormality of brain visual center abnormal brain visual center Abnormality of bulbar cavity. abnormality of bulbar cavity abnormal bulbar cavity Abnormality of Category 1 cell. abnormality of Category 1 cell abnormal Category 1 cell Abnormality of cell body. abnormality of cell body abnormal cell body Abnormality of cephalic ganglia lobe. abnormality of cephalic ganglia lobe abnormal cephalic ganglia lobe Abnormality of cephalic ganglia neuron. abnormality of cephalic ganglia neuron abnormal cephalic ganglia neuron Abnormality of chemical amputation. abnormality of chemical amputation abnormal chemical amputation Abnormality of chemical pharynx amputation. abnormality of chemical pharynx amputation abnormal chemical pharynx amputation Abnormality of chemosensory neuron. abnormality of chemosensory neuron abnormal chemosensory neuron Abnormality of chromatoid body. abnormality of chromatoid body abnormal chromatoid body Abnormality of chromosome. abnormality of chromosome abnormal chromosome Abnormality of chromosome arm. abnormality of chromosome arm abnormal chromosome arm Abnormality of ciliated epithelium. abnormality of ciliated epithelium abnormal ciliated epithelium Abnormality of cilium. abnormality of cilium abnormal cilium Abnormality of commissure. abnormality of commissure abnormal commissure Abnormality of cut. abnormality of cut abnormal cut Abnormality of dendrite. abnormality of dendrite abnormal dendrite Abnormality of dorsal-ventral muscle cell. abnormality of dorsal-ventral muscle cell abnormal dorsal-ventral muscle cell Abnormality of early female germ cell. abnormality of early female germ cell abnormal early female germ cell Abnormality of early male germ cell. abnormality of early male germ cell abnormal early male germ cell Abnormality of embryonic gut. abnormality of embryonic gut abnormal embryonic gut Abnormality of epidermal cell. abnormality of epidermal cell abnormal epidermal cell Abnormality of epidermal rhabdite. abnormality of epidermal rhabdite abnormal epidermal rhabdite Abnormality of ER membrane. abnormality of ER membrane abnormal ER membrane Abnormality of eumelanin. abnormality of eumelanin abnormal eumelanin Abnormality of excretory cell. abnormality of excretory cell abnormal excretory cell Abnormality of extracellular matrix. abnormality of extracellular matrix abnormal extracellular matrix Abnormality of extracellular space. abnormality of extracellular space abnormal extracellular space Abnormality of fission. abnormality of fission abnormal fission Abnormality of flagellum. abnormality of flagellum abnormal flagellum Abnormality of gap junction. abnormality of gap junction abnormal gap junction Abnormality of genital atrium. abnormality of genital atrium abnormal genital atrium Abnormality of germ cell cyst. abnormality of germ cell cyst abnormal germ cell cyst Abnormality of germline stem cell. abnormality of germline stem cell abnormal germline stem cell Abnormality of glycogen granule. abnormality of glycogen granule abnormal glycogen granule Abnormality of incision. abnormality of incision abnormal incision Abnormality of pharynx inner epidermal cell. abnormality of pharynx inner epidermal cell abnormal pharynx inner epidermal cell Abnormality of inner zone of gland cells. abnormality of inner zone of gland cells abnormal inner zone of gland cells Abnormality of intercellular junction. abnormality of intercellular junction abnormal intercellular junction Abnormality of linear amputation. abnormality of linear amputation abnormal linear amputation Abnormality of linear incision. abnormality of linear incision abnormal linear incision Abnormality of lipid droplet. abnormality of lipid droplet abnormal lipid droplet Abnormality of lumen. abnormality of lumen abnormal lumen Abnormality of marginal adhesive zone. abnormality of marginal adhesive zone abnormal marginal adhesive zone Abnormality of mechanosensory neuron. abnormality of mechanosensory neuron abnormal mechanosensory neuron Abnormality of medial muscle cell. abnormality of medial muscle cell abnormal medial muscle cell Abnormality of meiotic germ cell. abnormality of meiotic germ cell abnormal meiotic germ cell Abnormality of melanosome. abnormality of melanosome abnormal melanosome Abnormality of mucus. abnormality of mucus abnormal mucus Abnormality of nephridiopore. abnormality of nephridiopore abnormal nephridiopore Abnormality of neurite. abnormality of neurite abnormal neurite Abnormality of neuropeptidergic neuron. abnormality of neuropeptidergic neuron abnormal neuropeptidergic neuron Abnormality of non-ciliated epidermis. abnormality of non-ciliated epidermis abnormal non-ciliated epidermis Abnormality of nuclear envelope. abnormality of nuclear envelope abnormal nuclear envelope Abnormality of nuclear inner membrane. abnormality of nuclear inner membrane abnormal nuclear inner membrane Abnormality of nuclear lumen. abnormality of nuclear lumen abnormal nuclear lumen Abnormality of nuclear outer membrane. abnormality of nuclear outer membrane abnormal nuclear outer membrane Abnormality of nuclear periphery. abnormality of nuclear periphery abnormal nuclear periphery Abnormality of ommochrome pigment cell. abnormality of ommochrome pigment cell abnormal ommochrome pigment cell Abnormality of optic nerve. abnormality of optic nerve abnormal optic nerve Abnormality of pharynx outer epidermal cell. abnormality of pharynx outer epidermal cell abnormal pharynx outer epidermal cell Abnormality of phagocytic cell. abnormality of phagocytic cell abnormal phagocytic cell Abnormality of pharynx tip. abnormality of pharynx tip abnormal pharynx tip Abnormality of pigment cell. abnormality of pigment cell abnormal pigment cell Abnormality of pigment granule. abnormality of pigment granule abnormal pigment granule Abnormality of plug amputation. abnormality of plug amputation abnormal plug amputation Abnormality of point incision. abnormality of point incision abnormal point incision Abnormality of pore. abnormality of pore abnormal pore Abnormality of post-meiotic germ cell. abnormality of post-meiotic germ cell abnormal post-meiotic germ cell Abnormality of postsynaptic cell. abnormality of postsynaptic cell abnormal postsynaptic cell Abnormality of premeiotic germ cell. abnormality of premeiotic germ cell abnormal premeiotic germ cell Abnormality of presynaptic cell. abnormality of presynaptic cell abnormal presynaptic cell Abnormality of presynaptic terminal. abnormality of presynaptic terminal abnormal presynaptic terminal Abnormality of presynaptic vesicle. abnormality of presynaptic vesicle abnormal presynaptic vesicle Abnormality of primary gut branch. abnormality of primary gut branch abnormal primary gut branch Abnormality of primitive gut. abnormality of primitive gut abnormal primitive gut Abnormality of quarternary gut branch. abnormality of quarternary gut branch abnormal quarternary gut branch Abnormality of reproductive organ. abnormality of reproductive organ abnormal reproductive organ Abnormality of reproductive structure. abnormality of reproductive structure abnormal reproductive structure Abnormality of rhabdome. abnormality of rhabdome abnormal rhabdome Abnormality of rhabdomere. abnormality of rhabdomere abnormal rhabdomere Abnormality of secretory duct. abnormality of secretory duct abnormal secretory duct Abnormality of secretory granule. abnormality of secretory granule abnormal secretory granule Abnormality of somatic cell. abnormality of somatic cell abnormal somatic cell Abnormality of somatic gonadal cell. abnormality of somatic gonadal cell abnormal somatic gonadal cell Abnormality of specialized neoblast. abnormality of specialized neoblast abnormal specialized neoblast Abnormality of stalk. abnormality of stalk abnormal stalk Abnormality of surgical wound. abnormality of surgical wound abnormal surgical wound Abnormality of synapse. abnormality of synapse abnormal synapse Abnormality of synaptic cleft. abnormality of synaptic cleft abnormal synaptic cleft Abnormality of synaptic vesicle. abnormality of synaptic vesicle abnormal synaptic vesicle Abnormality of synaptonemal complex. abnormality of synaptonemal complex abnormal synaptonemal complex Abnormality of tail tip. abnormality of tail tip abnormal tail tip Abnormality of telomere. abnormality of telomere abnormal telomere Abnormality of septate junction. abnormality of septate junction abnormal tight junction Abnormality of wedge amputation. abnormality of wedge amputation abnormal wedge amputation Abnormality of wound. abnormality of wound abnormal wound Abnormality of X1 cell. abnormality of X1 cell abnormal X1 cell Abnormality of X1(FS) cell. abnormality of X1(FS) cell abnormal X1(FS) cell Abnormality of X2 cell. abnormality of X2 cell abnormal X2 cell Abnormality of Xins cell. abnormality of Xins cell abnormal Xins cell Abnormality of post-pharyngeal region. abnormality of post-pharyngeal region abnormal post-pharyngeal region Abnormality of post-blastema region. abnormality of post-blastema region abnormal post-blastema region Abnormality of fission fragment. abnormality of fission fragment abnormal fission fragment Abnormality of epithelium. abnormality of epithelium abnormal epithelium Abnormality of gut branch. abnormality of gut branch abnormal gut branch Abnormality of extraembryonic organ. abnormality of extraembryonic organ abnormal extraembryonic organ Abnormality of chromosome_part. abnormality of chromosome_part abnormal chromosome:part Abnormality of perturbation. abnormality of perturbation abnormal perturbation Abnormality of chromosomal_structural_element. abnormality of chromosomal_structural_element abnormal chromosomal:structural:element Abnormality of thick fragment. abnormality of thick fragment abnormal thick fragment Abnormality of thin fragment. abnormality of thin fragment abnormal thin fragment Abnormality of fragment. abnormality of fragment abnormal fragment Abnormality of longitudinal region. abnormality of longitudinal region abnormal longitudinal region Abnormality of chemical wound. abnormality of chemical wound abnormal chemical wound Abnormality of plug wound. abnormality of plug wound abnormal plug wound Abnormality of wedge wound. abnormality of wedge wound abnormal wedge wound Abnormality of regenerating fragment. abnormality of regenerating fragment abnormal regenerating fragment Abnormality of sagittal orientation. abnormality of sagittal orientation abnormal sagittal orientation Abnormality of parasagittal orientation. abnormality of parasagittal orientation abnormal parasagittal orientation Abnormality of syncytium. abnormality of syncytium abnormal syncytium Abnormality of intracellular granule. abnormality of intracellular granule abnormal intracellular granule Abnormality of FACS sorted cell population. abnormality of FACS sorted cell population abnormal FACS sorted cell population Abnormality of derived cell population. abnormality of derived cell population abnormal derived cell population Abnormality of pharynx pouch epithelium. abnormality of pharynx pouch epithelium abnormal pharynx pouch epithelium Abnormality of sperm duct epithelial surface. abnormality of sperm duct epithelial surface abnormal sperm duct epithelial surface Abnormality of parenchyma. abnormality of parenchyma abnormal parenchyma Abnormality of testis cell. abnormality of testis cell abnormal testis cell Abnormality of ventral epidermis cell. abnormality of ventral epidermis cell abnormal ventral epidermis cell Abnormality of visual system cell. abnormality of visual system cell abnormal visual system cell Abnormality of eye cell. abnormality of eye cell abnormal eye cell Abnormality of enteric muscle cell. abnormality of enteric muscle cell abnormal enteric muscle cell Abnormality of dorsal epidermis cell. abnormality of dorsal epidermis cell abnormal dorsal epidermis cell Abnormality of adhesion gland cell. abnormality of adhesion gland cell abnormal adhesion gland cell Abnormality of body wall muscle cell. abnormality of body wall muscle cell abnormal body wall muscle cell Abnormality of gastrodermal cell. abnormality of gastrodermal cell abnormal gastrodermal cell Abnormality of anterior pole cell. abnormality of anterior pole cell abnormal anterior pole cell Abnormality of pharynx neuron. abnormality of pharynx neuron abnormal pharynx neuron Abnormality of pharynx epithelial cell. abnormality of pharynx epithelial cell abnormal pharynx epithelial cell Abnormality of pharynx muscle cell. abnormality of pharynx muscle cell abnormal pharynx muscle cell Abnormality of pharynx pouch epithelial cell. abnormality of pharynx pouch epithelial cell abnormal pharynx pouch epithelial cell Abnormality of melanin pigment granule. abnormality of melanin pigment granule abnormal melanin pigment granule Abnormality of ommochrome pigment granule. abnormality of ommochrome pigment granule abnormal ommochrome pigment granule Abnormality of parenchymal cell. abnormality of parenchymal cell abnormal parenchymal cell Abnormality of G1 phase neoblast. abnormality of G1 phase neoblast abnormal G1 phase neoblast Abnormality of S phase neoblast. abnormality of S phase neoblast abnormal S phase neoblast Abnormality of G2 phase neoblast. abnormality of G2 phase neoblast abnormal G2 phase neoblast Abnormality of prophase neoblast. abnormality of prophase neoblast abnormal prophase neoblast Abnormality of metaphase neoblast. abnormality of metaphase neoblast abnormal metaphase neoblast Abnormality of anaphase neoblast. abnormality of anaphase neoblast abnormal anaphase neoblast Abnormality of telophase neoblast. abnormality of telophase neoblast abnormal telophase neoblast Abnormality of G1 phase spermatogonial stem cell. abnormality of G1 phase spermatogonial stem cell abnormal G1 phase spermatogonial stem cell Abnormality of S phase spermatogonial stem cell. abnormality of S phase spermatogonial stem cell abnormal S phase spermatogonial stem cell Abnormality of G2 phase spermatogonial stem cell. abnormality of G2 phase spermatogonial stem cell abnormal G2 phase spermatogonial stem cell Abnormality of prophase spermatogonial stem cell. abnormality of prophase spermatogonial stem cell abnormal prophase spermatogonial stem cell Abnormality of metaphase spermatogonial stem cell. abnormality of metaphase spermatogonial stem cell abnormal metaphase spermatogonial stem cell Abnormality of anaphase spermatogonial stem cell. abnormality of anaphase spermatogonial stem cell abnormal anaphase spermatogonial stem cell Abnormality of telophase spermatogonial stem cell. abnormality of telophase spermatogonial stem cell abnormal telophase spermatogonial stem cell Abnormality of G1 phase oogonial stem cell. abnormality of G1 phase oogonial stem cell abnormal G1 phase oogonial stem cell Abnormality of S phase oogonial stem cell. abnormality of S phase oogonial stem cell abnormal S phase oogonial stem cell Abnormality of G2 phase oogonial stem cell. abnormality of G2 phase oogonial stem cell abnormal G2 phase oogonial stem cell Abnormality of prophase oogonial stem cell. abnormality of prophase oogonial stem cell abnormal prophase oogonial stem cell Abnormality of metaphase oogonial stem cell. abnormality of metaphase oogonial stem cell abnormal metaphase oogonial stem cell Abnormality of anaphase oogonial stem cell. abnormality of anaphase oogonial stem cell abnormal anaphase oogonial stem cell Abnormality of telophase oogonial stem cell. abnormality of telophase oogonial stem cell abnormal telophase oogonial stem cell Abnormality of G1 phase spermatogonium. abnormality of G1 phase spermatogonium abnormal G1 phase spermatogonium Abnormality of S phase spermatogonium. abnormality of S phase spermatogonium abnormal S phase spermatogonium Abnormality of G2 phase spermatogonium. abnormality of G2 phase spermatogonium abnormal G2 phase spermatogonium Abnormality of prophase spermatogonium. abnormality of prophase spermatogonium abnormal prophase spermatogonium Abnormality of metaphase spermatogonia. abnormality of metaphase spermatogonia abnormal metaphase spermatogonia Abnormality of anaphase spermatogonia. abnormality of anaphase spermatogonia abnormal anaphase spermatogonia Abnormality of telophase spermatogonium. abnormality of telophase spermatogonium abnormal telophase spermatogonium Abnormality of G1 phase oogonial cell. abnormality of G1 phase oogonial cell abnormal G1 phase oogonial cell Abnormality of S phase oogonial cell. abnormality of S phase oogonial cell abnormal S phase oogonial cell Abnormality of G2 phase oogonial cell. abnormality of G2 phase oogonial cell abnormal G2 phase oogonial cell Abnormality of prophase oogonial cell. abnormality of prophase oogonial cell abnormal prophase oogonial cell Abnormality of metaphase oogonial cell. abnormality of metaphase oogonial cell abnormal metaphase oogonial cell Abnormality of anaphase oogonial cell. abnormality of anaphase oogonial cell abnormal anaphase oogonial cell Abnormality of telophase oogonial cell. abnormality of telophase oogonial cell abnormal telophase oogonial cell Abnormality of G1 phase germ cell cyst. abnormality of G1 phase germ cell cyst abnormal G1 phase germ cell cyst Abnormality of S phase germ cell cyst. abnormality of S phase germ cell cyst abnormal S phase germ cell cyst Abnormality of G2 phase germ cell cyst. abnormality of G2 phase germ cell cyst abnormal G2 phase germ cell cyst Abnormality of prophase germ cell cyst. abnormality of prophase germ cell cyst abnormal prophase germ cell cyst Abnormality of metaphase germ cell cyst. abnormality of metaphase germ cell cyst abnormal metaphase germ cell cyst Abnormality of anaphase germ cell cyst. abnormality of anaphase germ cell cyst abnormal anaphase germ cell cyst Abnormality of telophase germ cell cyst. abnormality of telophase germ cell cyst abnormal telophase germ cell cyst Abnormality of meiotic S phase spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic S phase spermatocyte abnormal meiotic S phase spermatocyte Abnormality of meiotic G1 phase spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic G1 phase spermatocyte abnormal meiotic G1 phase spermatocyte Abnormality of meiotic G2 phase spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic G2 phase spermatocyte abnormal meiotic G2 phase spermatocyte Abnormality of meiotic prophase I spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic prophase I spermatocyte abnormal meiotic prophase I spermatocyte Abnormality of leptotene stage spermatocyte. abnormality of leptotene stage spermatocyte abnormal leptotene stage spermatocyte Abnormality of zygotene stage spermatocyte. abnormality of zygotene stage spermatocyte abnormal zygotene stage spermatocyte Abnormality of pachytene stage spermatocyte. abnormality of pachytene stage spermatocyte abnormal pachytene stage spermatocyte Abnormality of diplotene stage spermatocyte. abnormality of diplotene stage spermatocyte abnormal diplotene stage spermatocyte Abnormality of diakinesis stage spermatocyte. abnormality of diakinesis stage spermatocyte abnormal diakinesis stage spermatocyte Abnormality of meiotic metaphase 1 stage spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic metaphase 1 stage spermatocyte abnormal meiotic metaphase 1 stage spermatocyte Abnormality of meiotic anaphase I stage spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic anaphase I stage spermatocyte abnormal meiotic anaphase I stage spermatocyte Abnormality of meiotic telophase I spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic telophase I spermatocyte abnormal meiotic telophase I spermatocyte Abnormality of meiosis II stage spermatocyte. abnormality of meiosis II stage spermatocyte abnormal meiosis II stage spermatocyte Abnormality of meiotic prophase II spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic prophase II spermatocyte abnormal meiotic prophase II spermatocyte Abnormality of meiotic metaphase 2 spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic metaphase 2 spermatocyte abnormal meiotic metaphase 2 spermatocyte Abnormality of meiotic anaphase II spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic anaphase II spermatocyte abnormal meiotic anaphase II spermatocyte Abnormality of meiotic telophase II spermatocyte. abnormality of meiotic telophase II spermatocyte abnormal meiotic telophase II spermatocyte Abnormality of cephalic ganglia primordium. abnormality of cephalic ganglia primordium abnormal cephalic ganglia primordium Abnormality of eye primordium. abnormality of eye primordium abnormal eye primordium Abnormality of pharynx primordium. abnormality of pharynx primordium abnormal pharynx primordium Abnormality of pigment cup primordium. abnormality of pigment cup primordium abnormal pigment cup primordium Abnormality of testis primordium. abnormality of testis primordium abnormal testis primordium Abnormality of gonad primoridium. abnormality of gonad primoridium abnormal gonad primoridium Abnormality of protonephridial lumen. abnormality of protonephridial lumen abnormal protonephridial lumen Abnormality of testis lumen. abnormality of testis lumen abnormal testis lumen Abnormality of ovary lumen. abnormality of ovary lumen abnormal ovary lumen Abnormality of flame cell lumen. abnormality of flame cell lumen abnormal flame cell lumen Abnormality of cephalic ganglia progenitor cell. abnormality of cephalic ganglia progenitor cell abnormal cephalic ganglia progenitor cell Abnormality of dorsal epidermis progenitor cell. abnormality of dorsal epidermis progenitor cell abnormal dorsal epidermis progenitor cell Abnormality of optic cup progenitor cell. abnormality of optic cup progenitor cell abnormal optic cup progenitor cell Abnormality of ventral epidermis progenitor cell. abnormality of ventral epidermis progenitor cell abnormal ventral epidermis progenitor cell Abnormality of head fragment. abnormality of head fragment abnormal head fragment Abnormality of trunk fragment. abnormality of trunk fragment abnormal trunk fragment Abnormality of tail fragment. abnormality of tail fragment abnormal tail fragment Abnormality of prepharyngeal fragment. abnormality of prepharyngeal fragment abnormal prepharyngeal fragment Abnormality of postpharyngeal fragment. abnormality of postpharyngeal fragment abnormal postpharyngeal fragment Abnormality of anterior fragment. abnormality of anterior fragment abnormal anterior fragment Abnormality of posterior fragment. abnormality of posterior fragment abnormal posterior fragment Abnormality of lateral fragment. abnormality of lateral fragment abnormal lateral fragment Abnormality of longitudinal fragment. abnormality of longitudinal fragment abnormal longitudinal fragment Abnormality of plug fragment. abnormality of plug fragment abnormal plug fragment Abnormality of wedge fragment. abnormality of wedge fragment abnormal wedge fragment Complete wasting (loss) of head tissue that was once present. loss of head due to degeneration head regression Complete wasting (loss) of tail tissue that was once present. loss of tail due to degeneration tail regression Decreased or reduced ability to move whole organism. decreased mobility of animal longer, increased length of, whole organism longer whole organism long animal Increased or increasing of pigmentation of eye. eye hyperpigmentation increasing of pigment in the eye increased pigmentation of the eyes Increased or increasing of pigmentation of epidermis. epidermis hyperpigmentation increasing of pigment in the epidermis increased pigmentation of the epidermis anomaly in the ability to move whole organism. stationary animal Any structural anomaly that causes epithelium to be ruffled shaped. abnormal ruffled shape of epithelium epithelial ruffles Any structural anomaly that causes head to be hourglass-shaped shaped. abnormal hourglass-shaped shape of head pinched head Any structural anomaly that causes tail to be hourglass-shaped shaped. abnormal hourglass-shaped shape of tail pinched tail Any structural anomaly that causes head to be curved medial shaped. abnormal curved medial shape of head single sided head pinching Any structural anomaly that causes tail to be curved medial shaped. abnormal curved medial shape of tail single sided tail pinching An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the whole organism. abnormal accumulation of fluid in whole organism whole organism edema edema in animal An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the head. abnormal accumulation of fluid in head head edema head edema An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tail. abnormal accumulation of fluid in tail tail edema tail edema Small, underdeveloped eye. hypoplastic eye underdeveloped eyes An abnormal whole organism with one or more lesions. whole organism with lesion(s) lesion in animal An abnormal post-pharyngeal region with one or more lesions. post-pharyngeal region with lesion(s) post-pharyngeal lesion complete loss of pigmenation of the head. absence of pigment in the head complete loss of pigmentation in the head loss of pigmenation in the head Decreased or loss of pigmentation of head. head hypopigmentation loss of pigment in the head decreased pigmentation of the head Increased or increasing of pigmentation of head. head hyperpigmentation increasing of pigment in the head increased pigmentation of the head abnormal degree of pigmentation of the head. abnormal pigmentation of the head abnormal pigmentation of the head Any structural anomaly that causes dorsal region of tail to be curled shaped. abnormal curled shape of dorsal region of tail scorpion tail An anomaly in inchworming behavior. abnormally inchworming slower, decreased speed of, whole organism slow moving whole organism slow moving animal faster, increased speed of, whole organism fast moving whole organism fast moving animal anomaly in the complete lack of the ability to move of whole organism. immobile animal A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 Chris Mungall http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. AEO:0000192 CARO:0000010 FMA:50705 anatomical boundary uberon UBERON:0000015 Except in the case of abstracted fiat boundaries such as the midline plane of an organism, all 2D anatomical entities have a 3 dimensional projection. For example, the surface of the shell of a muscle has a distinct shape that projects into the third dimension. Note that boundaries are 2D structures. They have no thickness - and so can not be sites of gene expression or gene product localisation. For this, use boundary region terms. non-material anatomical boundary A non-material anatomical entity of two dimensions. Anatomical boundaries are contiguous structures. CARO:0000010 anatomical boundary CARO:0000010 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 EMAPA:0 FBbt:00007001 FMA:305751 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:D000825 TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 VHOG:0001759 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 biological structure connected biological structure uberon UBERON:0000061 anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 connected biological structure CARO:0000003 A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. BilaDO:0000002 EV:0300001 FBdv:00005289 FMA:72652 HsapDv:0000002 MmusDv:0000002 OGES:000000 OGES:000022 WBls:0000003 WBls:0000092 WBls:0000102 XAO:1000012 embryonic stage uberon embryogenesis UBERON:0000068 embryo stage A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. this class represents a proper part of the life cycle of an organism. The class 'life cycle' should not be placed here the WBls class 'all stages' belongs here as it is the superclass of other WBls stages we map the ZFS unknown stage here as it is logically equivalent to saying *some* life cycle stage BILS:0000105 EFO:0000399 FBdv:00007012 FMA:24120 HsapDv:0000000 MmusDv:0000000 OlatDv:0000010 PdumDv:0000090 WBls:0000002 XAO:1000000 ZFS:0000000 ZFS:0100000 ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage developmental stage stage uberon UBERON:0000105 life cycle stage A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] BILS:0000106 BilaDO:0000005 EFO:0001322 EHDAA:27 FBdv:00005288 NCIT:C12601 PdumDv:0000100 VHOG:0000745 XAO:1000001 ZFS:0000001 1-cell stage fertilized egg stage one cell stage uberon fertilized egg stage one-cell stage zygote zygotum UBERON:0000106 zygote stage A stage at which the organism is a single cell produced by means of sexual reproduction. As in all metazoans, eumetazoan development begins with a fertilized egg, or zygote.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000745 VHOG ISBN:978-0030259821 Ruppert EE, Fox RS, Barnes RD, Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary approach (2003) p.107 fertilized egg stage BTO:0000854 one-cell stage VHOG:0000745 zygote VHOG:0000745 zygotum Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. lumen space AAO:0010110 AEO:0000005 BILA:0000005 CARO:0000005 EHDAA2:0003005 FBbt:00007017 FMA:5897 HAO:0000005 NCIT:C94478 TAO:0001668 TGMA:0001825 UMLS:C0524461 VHOG:0001728 XAO:0003190 ZFA:0001643 lumen space uberon anatomical spaces UBERON:0000464 anatomical space Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. UMLS:C0524461 ncithesaurus:Lumen_Space anatomical spaces ZFA:0001643 Anatomical entity that has mass. AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FBbt:00007016 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 VHOG:0001721 uberon UBERON:0000465 material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. Anatomical entity that has no mass. AAO:0010265 AEO:0000007 BILA:0000007 CARO:0000007 EHDAA2:0003007 FBbt:00007015 FMA:67112 HAO:0000007 TAO:0001835 TGMA:0001827 VHOG:0001727 immaterial physical anatomical entity uberon UBERON:0000466 immaterial anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. immaterial physical anatomical entity FMA:67112 Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. Reflects CARO2. todo - check the inclusion of FMA 'cardinal body part here', and check child terms for consistency AAO:0010053 AEO:0000032 BILA:0000032 BIRNLEX:7 CALOHA:TS-2084 CARO:0000032 EFO:0000808 EHDAA2:0003032 EMAPA:36031 FBbt:00007009 FMA:7153 HAO:0000032 MA:0002433 MAT:0000293 MESH:D001829 MIAA:0000293 NCIT:C32221 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001308 TGMA:0001840 UMLS:C0229962 VHOG:0001758 XAO:0003013 ZFA:0001308 galen:BodyPart anatomic region uberon body part body region cardinal body part UBERON:0000475 organism subdivision Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. CARO:0000032 CARO:DOS UMLS:C0229962 ncithesaurus:Body_Part anatomic region MA:0002433 body region FMA:7153 cardinal body part FMA:7153 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. AAO:0010268 AEO:0000040 BILA:0000040 CARO:0000040 EHDAA2:0003040 FBbt:00007013 FMA:63863 HAO:0000040 TAO:0000382 TGMA:0001841 XAO:0003162 ZFA:0000382 uberon acellular anatomical structures UBERON:0000476 acellular anatomical structure Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. acellular anatomical structures ZFA:0000382 Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BILA:0000000 BIRNLEX:6 CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FBbt:10000000 FBbt_root:00000000 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 NCIT:C12219 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 UMLS:C1515976 WBbt:0000100 XAO:0000000 ZFA:0100000 uberon UBERON:0001062 anatomical entity Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. FMA:62955 UMLS:C1515976 ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. cavity BIRNLEX:1011 EMAPA:37442 FMA:67552 MA:0002447 NCIT:C34007 galen:Cavity uberon UBERON:0002553 anatomical cavity Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. FMA:67552 EMAPA:37442 MA:th AEO:0000125 CALOHA:TS-2122 EHDAA2:0003125 FBbt:00007006 FMA:292313 MIAA:0000019 uberon developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue UBERON:0005423 developing anatomical structure developmental tissue MIAA:0000019 Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. AAO:0010266 AEO:0000009 BILA:0000009 CARO:0000009 EHDAA2:0003009 FMA:9658 TAO:0001839 uberon UBERON:0006983 anatomical point Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. FMA:9658 An anatomical structure that is undergoing regeneration. we define this in terms of active participation in regeneration, rather that capabilities. In this sense it is different from the AEO structure. A portion of tissue that is regrowing after damage or amputation.[TAO] EHDAA2:0003233 AEO:0000200 EHDAA2:0003233 TAO:0005147 XAO:0004059 ZFA:0005147 uberon regenerating tissue regenerating tissues regenerative tissue UBERON:0007567 regenerating anatomical structure An anatomical structure that is undergoing regeneration. A portion of tissue that is regrowing after damage or amputation.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005147 TAO ZFIN:curator regenerating tissue ZFA:0005147 regenerating tissues ZFA:0005147 An anatomical structure that connects two structures junction FMA:5898 anatomical junction uberon UBERON:0007651 anatomical junction An anatomical structure that connects two structures An anatomical plane that bisects a zone of weakness in an appendage. When autotamy occurs, the appendage divides along this plane. this class is intended for autotomy that bisects an appendage. Other forms of autotomy are possible: for example, a sea cucumber and autotomitize internal organs uberon UBERON:0035086 plane of autotomy An anatomical plane that bisects a zone of weakness in an appendage. When autotamy occurs, the appendage divides along this plane. phenotype Obsolete Class example to be eventually removed The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot core placeholder removed An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. term imported This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. term split Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. Alan Ruttenberg defined class A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg named class expression Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion ## Elucidation This is used when the statement/axiom is assumed to hold true 'eternally' ## How to interpret (informal) First the "atemporal" FOL is derived from the OWL using the standard interpretation. This axiom is temporalized by embedding the axiom within a for-all-times quantified sentence. The t argument is added to all instantiation predicates and predicates that use this relation. ## Example Class: nucleus SubClassOf: part_of some cell forall t : forall n : instance_of(n,Nucleus,t) implies exists c : instance_of(c,Cell,t) part_of(n,c,t) ## Notes This interpretation is *not* the same as an at-all-times relation axiom holds for all times 2 2 1 2 true MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z infer input from direct reg GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity' enabling an MF enables its parts true GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction' involved in BP From ligand activity to has_ligand This rule is dubious: added as a quick fix for expected inference in GO-CAM. The problem is most acute for transmembrane proteins, such as receptors or cell adhesion molecules, which have some subfunctions inside the cell (e.g. kinase activity) and some subfunctions outside (e.g. ligand binding). Correct annotation of where these functions occurs leads to incorrect inference about the location of the whole protein. This should probably be weakened to "... -> overlaps" If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction From has_ligand to ligand activity effector input is compound function input Input of effector is input of its parent MF if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X 'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). 'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).