definition synonym_type_property has_exact_synonym has_related_synonym has role has part has functional parent is conjugate acid of is conjugate base of Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. electron [*-] beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron electron The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. Hydrogencarbonate hydrogen(trioxidocarbonate)(1-) hydrogencarbonate hydrogencarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(1-) hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV) hydroxidodioxidocarbonate(1-) Acid carbonate BICARBONATE ION BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Bicarbonate (HCO3-) Bicarbonate anion Bicarbonate ion Bicarbonate ion (HCO31-) Bicarbonate ions CHO3 Carbonate Carbonate (HCO31-) Carbonate ion (HCO31-) Carbonic acid HCO3(-) HCO3- Hydrocarbonate(1-) Hydrogen carbonate (HCO3-) Hydrogen carbonate anion Hydrogen carbonate ion Hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-) Hydrogentrioxocarbonate InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/p-1 Monohydrogen carbonate OC([O-])=O [CO2(OH)](-) bicarbonate hydrogen carbonate hydrogencarbonate A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. Donor donor Donator donneur donor alkaline earth metals Erdalkalimetall Erdalkalimetalle alkaline earth metal alkaline-earth metal alkaline-earth metals metal alcalino-terreux metal alcalinoterreo metales alcalinoterreos metaux alcalino-terreux alkaline earth metal atom A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion Anionen aniones anions anion An alkaline earth metal atom that has formula Ca. calcium 20Ca Ca Calcium InChI=1S/Ca Kalzium OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca] calcio calcium calcium atom calcium molecular entity calcium compounds calcium molecular entities calcium molecular entity Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. carbonates Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet molecular entity Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. drugs medicine drug monoatomic cations monoatomic cation A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity grouped_by_chemistry chemical entity A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. biological function grouped_by_functions biological role A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. group Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos group Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides hydroxides A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids inorganic acids oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids oxoacid A molecular entity that contains no carbon. anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics inorganic molecular entity inorganic oxides inorganic oxide A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salts sel sels salt ionic elements monoatomic ions monoatomic ion A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion Ionen iones ions ion Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. metabolite metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites metabolite a metal cation metal cations metal cation nonmetal Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals nonmetal atom organic anions organic anion organic ions organic ion An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide oxides oxide A chalcogen that has formula O. oxygen 8O InChI=1S/O O QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sauerstoff [O] oxigeno oxygen oxygene oxygen atom oxygen molecular entity oxygen compounds oxygen molecular entities oxygen molecular entity silicon molecular entity silicon compounds silicon molecular entities silicon molecular entity A carbon group element atom that has formula Si. silicon 14Si InChI=1S/Si Si Silicon Silizium XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si] silicio silicium silicon silicon atom A carbon group element atom that has formula C. carbon 6C C Carbon InChI=1S/C Kohlenstoff OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C] carbon carbone carbonium carbono carbon atom A chalcocarbonic acid that has formula CH2O3. Carbonic acid carbonic acid dihydroxidooxidocarbon Acid of air Aerial acid BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisodium carbonate CH2O3 Calcined Carbonic acid sodium salt Consal Crystol carbonate Dihydrogen carbonate Disodium carbonate H2CO3 InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4) Koehlensaeure Mild alkali Na-X OC(O)=O Oxyper Sal soda Salt of soda Scotch soda Soda Soda ash Sodium carbonate Sodium carbonate anhydrous Sodium carbonate hydrated Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate Solvay soda Trona soda ash Tronalight light soda ash [CO(OH)2] carbonic acid A calcium cation that has formula Ca. calcium(2+) calcium(2+) ion calcium(II) cation BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CALCIUM ION Ca Ca(2+) Ca2+ Calcium element InChI=1S/Ca/q+2 [Ca++] calcium calcium, doubly charged positive ion calcium(2+) Divalent cation [*++] divalent cation divalent inorganic cations monoatomic dications monoatomic dication A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens. silicon dioxide silicon(IV) oxide (SiO2)n InChI=1S/O2Si/c1-3-2 Kieselsaeureanhydrid O2Si O=[Si]=O SiO2 Silica, amorphous Siliziumdioxid VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiO2] silica silicic anhydride silicon dioxide A carbonate salt that has formula CO3.Ca. Calcium carbonate calcium carbonate calcium trioxidocarbonate CCaO3 CO3.Ca CaCO3 Calciumcarbonat E 170 InChI=1S/CH2O3.Ca/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2 Kalziumkarbonat Precipitated calcium carbonate VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ca++].[O-]C([O-])=O calcium carbonate (1:1) carbonate de calcium carbonato de calcio carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) kohlensaurer Kalk calcium carbonate Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. application A particle not known to have substructure. elementary particle elementary particles fundamental particle A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. atomic entity monoatomic entities monoatomic entity Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. inorganic groups inorganic group A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom atome atomo atoms atomus element elements atom A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. nucleus Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi atomic nucleus Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons nucleon A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity elemental molecular entity An anion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic anions polyatomic anion A nutrient is a chemical element needed by all life forms. nutrients nutrient A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds heteroorganic entity An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal. alkaline earth molecular entity alkaline earth compounds alkaline earth molecular entities alkaline-earth compounds alkaline earth molecular entity Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. chalcogen chalcogens Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements chalcogen Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities chalcogen molecular entity group 14 elements carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements carbon group element atom An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element main group element atom oxides of silicon silicon oxides silicon oxide alkaline earth cations alkaline earth metal cation alkaline-earth metal cations alkaline earth cation An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. Metal elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals metal atom s-block element s-block elements s-block element atom Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. p-block element p-block elements p-block element atom A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. main group compounds main group molecular entities main group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entities carbon group molecular entity hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities hydrogen molecular entity An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity s-block compounds s-block molecular entities s-block molecular entity A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy p-block molecular entity macronutrients macronutrient elemental calcium Kalziumsalz Kalziumsalze calcium salts calcium salt An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. oxoanion oxoacid anions oxoanions oxoanion A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n. carbon oxoanion carbon oxoanions oxocarbon anion oxocarbon anions carbon oxoanion carbon oxoacids oxoacids of carbon carbon oxoacid Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). leptons lepton Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). baryons baryon Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. fermion fermions fermion A particle smaller than an atom. subatomic particles subatomic particle A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). composite particles composite particle Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. hadrons hadron A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. nuclear particle nuclear particle Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic entities polyatomic entity An ion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic ions polyatomic ion alkaline earth salts alkaline earth salt inorganic ions inorganic ion inorganic cations inorganic cation A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. Cation cation Kation Kationen cationes cations cation chalcocarbonic acid chalcocarbonic acids chalcocarbonic acids chalcocarbonic acid An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compounds organochalcogen compound An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. organooxygen compound organooxygen compounds organooxygen compound An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). Acid acid Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids an acid acid A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities heteroatomic molecular entity calcium cation Ca calcium cations calcium cation calcium ion Ca calcium ions calcium ion A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). Bronsted acid Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor Bronsted acid A carbon oxoanion that has formula CO3. carbonate trioxidocarbonate(2-) BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L CARBONATE ION CO3 CO3(2-) InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1(3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/p-2 Karbonat [CO3](2-) [O-]C([O-])=O carbonate HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy hydroxy group oxidanyl -OH HO hydroxide hydroxyl hydroxyl group hydroxy group In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). mineral Minerale minerales minerals mineraux mineral calcite CCaO3 Calcit Kalzit calcita calcite carbonate minerals carbonate mineral carbonate salts carbonate salt A s-block element atom that has formula H. hydrogen 1H ETNAM H HYDROGEN ATOM H InChI=1S/H Wasserstoff YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [H] hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene hydrogen atom Any molecular entity that contains carbon. organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities organic molecules organic molecular entity A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chemical role A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. biochemical role A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. pharmacological role physiological role Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. Chemische Substanz chemical substance A metal cation with a valence of two. a divalent metal cation divalent metal cation Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. food additives food additive A biogenic mineral comprised of hydrated silica. BSi amorphous opaline silica biogenic opal opal biogenic silica Any biogenic substance that has undergone transformation through the action of geological processes. Thus the term does not include compounds produced entirely by biological processes, such as shells of marine molluscs, oxalate crystals in plant tissues, etc., but does include the constituents of limestones and phosphorites derived from marine organisms. biogenic minerals biomineral biominerals biogenic mineral Any chemical substance produced by life processes. biogenic substances biogenic substance A mineral comprised of silicon dioxide, with variable amounts of water in its formula. SiO2.nH2O hydrated silica An inorganic cation with a valency of two. divalent inorganic cation An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). one-carbon compounds one-carbon compound Any substance which is used to neutralise stomach acidity. antacids antacid Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. eukaryotic metabolites eukaryotic metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. animal metabolites animal metabolite Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. mammalian metabolites mammalian metabolite Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites mouse metabolite Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. prokaryotic metabolites prokaryotic metabolite Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. fungal metabolites fungal metabolite Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. bacterial metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolite A food additive that imparts colour to food. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food colours are from E 100 to E 199, divided into yellows (E 100-109), oranges (E 110-119), reds (E 120-129), blues and violets (E 130-139), greens (E 140-149), browns and blacks (E 150-159), and others (E 160-199). food coloring food colorings food colourings food colouring Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites human metabolite A food additive that is used to make or keep fruit or vegetable tissues firm and crisp. or which interacts with gelling agents such as pectin to produce or strengthen a gel. firming agent firming agents food firming agents food firming agent Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. dietary component dietary components food components food component