Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV.
The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.
A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity.
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
An alkaline earth metal atom that has formula Ca.
Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances.
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.
A molecular entity having a net electric charge.
Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.
A carbon group element atom that has formula Si.
A carbon group element atom that has formula C.
A chalcocarbonic acid that has formula CH2O3.
A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.
A carbonate salt that has formula CO3.Ca.
Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans.
A particle not known to have substructure.
A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom.
Any substituent group which does not contain carbon.
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons.
Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron.
A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
An anion consisting of more than one atom.
A nutrient is a chemical element needed by all life forms.
A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.
Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.
A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n.
Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin).
Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy).
Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi.
A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles).
Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force.
A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states.
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
An ion consisting of more than one atom.
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.
An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.
An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid).
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').
A s-block element atom that has formula H.
Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context.
A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties.
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance.
A biogenic mineral comprised of hydrated silica.
Any biogenic substance that has undergone transformation through the action of geological processes. Thus the term does not include compounds produced entirely by biological processes, such as shells of marine molluscs, oxalate crystals in plant tissues, etc., but does include the constituents of limestones and phosphorites derived from marine organisms.
Any chemical substance produced by life processes.
A mineral comprised of silicon dioxide, with variable amounts of water in its formula.
An inorganic cation with a valency of two.
An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
Any substance which is used to neutralise stomach acidity.
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms.
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals.
Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals.
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites
Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea.
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
A food additive that imparts colour to food. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food colours are from E 100 to E 199, divided into yellows (E 100-109), oranges (E 110-119), reds (E 120-129), blues and violets (E 130-139), greens (E 140-149), browns and blacks (E 150-159), and others (E 160-199).
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
A food additive that is used to make or keep fruit or vegetable tissues firm and crisp. or which interacts with gelling agents such as pectin to produce or strengthen a gel.
Any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.