definition
synonym_type_property
has_exact_synonym
has_related_synonym
part of
has_part
The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms.
reproductive physiological process
reproduction
The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.
cell or subcellular entity
cellular component
subcellular entity
cellular_component
The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
cell
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
juxtamembrane
cell membrane
cellular membrane
cytoplasmic membrane
plasmalemma
bacterial inner membrane
inner endospore membrane
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
plasma membrane
A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
eukaryotic flagellum
microtubule-based flagellum
primary cilium
flagellum
cilium
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
small molecule transport
solute:solute exchange
auxiliary transport protein activity
transport accessory protein activity
transport
A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
plasma membrane invagination
vesicle endocytosis
nonselective vesicle endocytosis
endocytosis
The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
membrane evagination
vesicle biosynthesis
vesicle formation
nonselective vesicle assembly
vesicle budding
membrane budding
An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.
phagocytosis
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
organelle organisation
organelle organization and biogenesis
organelle organization
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
biological process
physiological process
biological_process
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
cell physiology
cellular physiological process
cell growth and/or maintenance
cellular process
The infolding of a membrane.
membrane invagination
A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
membrane
A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
cell organisation
cellular component organisation at cellular level
cellular component organisation in other organism
cellular component organization at cellular level
cellular component organization in other organism
cell organization and biogenesis
cellular component organization
A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle.
vesicle organisation
vesicle organization and biogenesis
vesicle organization
A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane.
vesicle transport
vesicular transport
nonselective vesicle transport
protein sorting along secretory pathway
vesicle trafficking
vesicle-mediated transport
A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
reproductive process
A nonmembrane-bound oligomeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules.
intraflagellar transport complex
intraflagellar transport particle
IFT complex
intraciliary transport particle
A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which at least one component is a protein and the constituent parts function together.
macromolecule complex
protein containing complex
macromolecular complex
A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
cell process
cellular process
cellular projection
cell projection
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane.
organelle
A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.
protein-protein complex
protein complex
Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
organelle part
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
membrane part
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
cilial part
cilium part
microtubule-based flagellum part
flagellar part
flagellum component
flagellum part
ciliary part
Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
plasma membrane part
Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
cell projection part
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
cellular subcomponent
protoplast
cell part
A biological process that involves only one organism.
single organism process
single-organism process
The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore, involving a single organism.
single-organism transport
Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported, tethered to or otherwise maintained in a specific location. In the case of substances, localization may also be achieved via selective degradation.
establishment and maintenance of localization
establishment and maintenance of position
localisation
establishment and maintenance of cellular component location
establishment and maintenance of substance location
establishment and maintenance of substrate location
localization
Any process that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation.
establishment of localisation
establishment of localization
A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
cellular membrane organisation
cellular membrane organization
membrane organisation
membrane organization and biogenesis
membrane organization
A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
cellular component organisation or biogenesis
cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level
cellular component organization or biogenesis at cellular level
cellular component organization or biogenesis
The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures.
cell periphery
A membrane that is a (regional) part of the plasma membrane.
region of plasma membrane
plasma membrane region
Any protein complex that is part of a membrane.
membrane protein complex
Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane.
plasma membrane protein complex
A localization which involves only one organism.
single organism localization
single-organism localization