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A pathway is a set of inter-connected reactions and interactions whose delineation and scope are used as a model for exploring and studying, describing and understanding the working of and relationships between biomolecules within a context.
pathway
PW:0000001
pathway
The various, enzyme-controlled, series of reactions allowing for the conversion of materials, energy availability and biodegradation of xenobiotics.
pathway
Metabolism
metabolic process
PW:0000002
The definition was compiled based on a number of available defintions in various dictionaries.
classic metabolic pathway
The various, enzyme-controlled, series of reactions allowing for the conversion of materials, energy availability and biodegradation of xenobiotics.
GO:0008152
Reactome:R-HSA-1430728
http://www.onelook.com/
The pathways where a signal - hormone, neurotransmitter, growth factor, peptide, any molecule - triggers one or multiple cascades of events. This involves a number of molecules, including receptors, proteins, ligands, messengers, any participating molecule. A signaling pathway may be upstream or downstream of other signaling pathways. Signaling pathways control a very broad spectrum of processes as well as pathways.
pathway
Signal Transduction
PW:0000003
The definition was compiled based on a number of definitions available in various dictionaries.
signaling pathway
The pathways where a signal - hormone, neurotransmitter, growth factor, peptide, any molecule - triggers one or multiple cascades of events. This involves a number of molecules, including receptors, proteins, ligands, messengers, any participating molecule. A signaling pathway may be upstream or downstream of other signaling pathways. Signaling pathways control a very broad spectrum of processes as well as pathways.
GO:0007165
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-162582
The pathways that control the processes by which a cell or organism develops, adjusts, behaves, responds to conditions or changes in these conditions, or in any manner helps promote and maintain its efficient functioning.
pathway
PW:0000004
The definition was complied based on a number of definitions available in several dictionaries
regulatory pathway
The pathways that control the processes by which a cell or organism develops, adjusts, behaves, responds to conditions or changes in these conditions, or in any manner helps promote and maintain its efficient functioning.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions and pathways involved in the oxidation, breakdown and synthesis of carbohydrates in the tissue. The breakdown can be utilized by the body for energy production. The converse synthesis is used for energy storage.
pathway
Metabolism of carbohydrates
carbohydrate metabolic process
PW:0000005
The definition was compiled using the Online Medical dictionary and the Stedman's medical dictionary available at OneLook
carbohydrate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions and pathways involved in the oxidation, breakdown and synthesis of carbohydrates in the tissue. The breakdown can be utilized by the body for energy production. The converse synthesis is used for energy storage.
GO:0005975
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-71387
The Ras superfamily consists of a diverse group of small, monomeric G proteins that function as molecular switches alternating between the GDP-inactive and the GTP-active bound state. The GTP-bound form can interact with many downstream effectors. Ras superfamily controls a broad spectrum of processes; deregulation of Ras cascades has been linked to several forms of cancer. The superfamily is structurally classified in five families.
pathway
monomeric G protein mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000006
Numerous articles contributed to this definition, too many to cite independently.
Ras superfamily mediated signaling pathway
The Ras superfamily consists of a diverse group of small, monomeric G proteins that function as molecular switches alternating between the GDP-inactive and the GTP-active bound state. The GTP-bound form can interact with many downstream effectors. Ras superfamily controls a broad spectrum of processes; deregulation of Ras cascades has been linked to several forms of cancer. The superfamily is structurally classified in five families.
GO:0007265
PMID:11027944
PMID:11152757
The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway groups several serine/threonine protein kinase mediated cascades in response to a number of extracellular stimuli. A characteristic feature of these cascades is the presence of at least three kinases in series leading to the activation of a multifunctional MAP kinase.
pathway
MAPK cascade
MAPK family signaling cascades
MAPK signaling pathway
PW:0000007
mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway
The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway groups several serine/threonine protein kinase mediated cascades in response to a number of extracellular stimuli. A characteristic feature of these cascades is the presence of at least three kinases in series leading to the activation of a multifunctional MAP kinase.
GO:0000165
KEGG:map04010
PMID:14570565
PMID:14976517
PMID:17229475
PMID:17306385
Reactome:R-HSA-5683057
The secreted glycoproteins of the Wnt family regulate a wide spectrum of developmental processes and they are also playing important roles in the adult organism. Deregulation of Wnt cascades has oncogenic effects and is responsible for tumorigenesis in adults.
pathway
Signaling by WNT
PW:0000008
Wnt signaling pathway
The secreted glycoproteins of the Wnt family regulate a wide spectrum of developmental processes and they are also playing important roles in the adult organism. Deregulation of Wnt cascades has oncogenic effects and is responsible for tumorigenesis in adults.
GO:0016055
KEGG:04310
PMID:12573432
PMID:15001769
PMID:15041171
Reactome:R-HSA-195721
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death pathway that is characterized by particular morphological features such as membrane blebbing and DNA fragmentation. It can be intrinsic or extrinsic and involves the activation of caspases.
pathway
Apoptosis
apoptotic process
programmed cell death pathway
PW:0000009
apoptotic cell death pathway
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death pathway that is characterized by particular morphological features such as membrane blebbing and DNA fragmentation. It can be intrinsic or extrinsic and involves the activation of caspases.
GO:0006915
KEGG:map04210
PMID:12196263
PMID:18414491
Reactome:R-HSA-109581
The metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation, utilization and/or synthesis of lipids in tissues.
pathway
Metabolism of lipids
lipid metabolic process
PW:0000010
lipid metabolic pathway
The metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation, utilization and/or synthesis of lipids in tissues.
GO:0006629
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-556833
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of the primary or standard 20 amino acids found in proteins. Amino acids are described as non-essential or essential depending on whether humans can or can not synthesize them, respectively. Chemically, they are classified based on the polarity of their side chain or R group, as non-polar and hydrophobic and hydrophilic and charged or polar uncharged. Amino acid metabolic pathways are also listed with their KEGG entries.
pathway
cellular amino acid metabolic process
PW:0000011
amino acid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of the primary or standard 20 amino acids found in proteins. Amino acids are described as non-essential or essential depending on whether humans can or can not synthesize them, respectively. Chemically, they are classified based on the polarity of their side chain or R group, as non-polar and hydrophobic and hydrophilic and charged or polar uncharged. Amino acid metabolic pathways are also listed with their KEGG entries.
GO:0006520
MCW_library:Handbooks_of_Biochemistry
http://www.genome.jp/kegg/
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of nucleotides. Nucleotides, which are the units of DNA and RNA, can also play important roles in cellular energy, enzyme regulation as well as serve as signaling molecules.
pathway
Metabolism of nucleotides
nucleotide metabolic process
PW:0000012
nucleotide metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of nucleotides. Nucleotides, which are the units of DNA and RNA, can also play important roles in cellular energy, enzyme regulation as well as serve as signaling molecules.
GO:0009117
PMID:20561600
PMID:21222015
Reactome:R-HSA-15869
Complex human diseases encompass a spectrum of genetic and environmental attributes that together affect the normal functioning of several molecular and cellular pathways. Their combined and accumulated effect is manifested in the anomalous phenotype of the complex condition.
pathway
Disease
complex human diseases
PW:0000013
disease pathway
Complex human diseases encompass a spectrum of genetic and environmental attributes that together affect the normal functioning of several molecular and cellular pathways. Their combined and accumulated effect is manifested in the anomalous phenotype of the complex condition.
InHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
Reactome:R-HSA-1643685
Neurodegenerative diseases group together a number of conditions of various and many times poorly understood origins that are characterized by the progressive loss of particular neurons, the formation of particular structures such as plaques and fibrils, and protein aggregates. Proteosomal degradation, programmed cell death and oxidative stress are among a number of pathways thought to be disrupted.
neurodegenerative disease pathway
pathway
Neurodegenerative Diseases
PW:0000014
neurodegenerative pathway
Neurodegenerative diseases group together a number of conditions of various and many times poorly understood origins that are characterized by the progressive loss of particular neurons, the formation of particular structures such as plaques and fibrils, and protein aggregates. Proteosomal degradation, programmed cell death and oxidative stress are among a number of pathways thought to be disrupted.
Reactome:R-HSA-8863678
inHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
A mostly sporadic, late-onset condition affecting the central nervous system, that is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and fibril tangles. Possible pathways affected range from protein mis-folding and aggregation, to oxidative stress and impaired metal homeostasis.
Alzheimer disease pathway
pathway
KEGG:05010
PW:0000015
Alzheimer's disease pathway
A mostly sporadic, late-onset condition affecting the central nervous system, that is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and fibril tangles. Possible pathways affected range from protein mis-folding and aggregation, to oxidative stress and impaired metal homeostasis.
InHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
KEGG:map05010
A late onset, mostly sporadic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. Various pathways are thought to be deregulated and contribute to the condition; among them calcium and/or zinc homeostasis, apoptosis, Cdk5 and calcineurin dependent processes, and in the case of the more rare, genetically inherited form of the disease, mutations in the cytosolic Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and the subsequent changes in the processes that involve SOD1.
ALS pathway
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease pathway
pathway
KEGG:05014
PW:0000016
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathway
A late onset, mostly sporadic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. Various pathways are thought to be deregulated and contribute to the condition; among them calcium and/or zinc homeostasis, apoptosis, Cdk5 and calcineurin dependent processes, and in the case of the more rare, genetically inherited form of the disease, mutations in the cytosolic Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and the subsequent changes in the processes that involve SOD1.
InHouse:In_House_PW_dictionary
KEGG:map05014
An autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease manifesting in movement, cognitive and psychiatric disorders caused by the abnormal expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch in the Huntingtin (HTT) protein. It mostly affects the caudate-putamen striatal neurons. Other areas are also affected and undergo a size reduction. HTT is thought to be involved in several cellular pathways. Its functions are overcome by the mutant protein mHTT.
HD pathway
Huntington disease pathway
Huntington's chorea pathway
pathway
KEGG:05016
PW:0000017
Huntington's disease pathway
An autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease manifesting in movement, cognitive and psychiatric disorders caused by the abnormal expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch in the Huntingtin (HTT) protein. It mostly affects the caudate-putamen striatal neurons. Other areas are also affected and undergo a size reduction. HTT is thought to be involved in several cellular pathways. Its functions are overcome by the mutant protein mHTT.
PMID:26938440
One of the most common neurodegenerative diseases that is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies in surrounding neurons. Several pathways are thought to be deregulated; for instance, imbalance of iron homeostasis is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of the condition.
Parkinson disease pathway
paralysis agitans pathway
pathway
KEGG:05012
PW:0000018
Parkinson's disease pathway
One of the most common neurodegenerative diseases that is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies in surrounding neurons. Several pathways are thought to be deregulated; for instance, imbalance of iron homeostasis is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of the condition.
KEGG:map05012
PMID:18052765
PMID:19422283
Prion disease - any of a group of fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormalities of prion protein metabolism, which may result from mutations in the prion protein gene or from infection with pathogenic isoforms of the protein. Characteristics include neuronal loss, gliosis, and extensive vacuolization of the cerebral cortex. Prion diseases may be sporadic, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, or acquired. Human diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strussler syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, and kuru
prion protein disease pathway
spongiform encephalopathy pathway
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy pathway
pathway
KEGG:05020
PW:0000019
prion disease pathway
Prion disease - any of a group of fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormalities of prion protein metabolism, which may result from mutations in the prion protein gene or from infection with pathogenic isoforms of the protein. Characteristics include neuronal loss, gliosis, and extensive vacuolization of the cerebral cortex. Prion diseases may be sporadic, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, or acquired. Human diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strussler syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, and kuru
KEGG:map05020
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Cardiovascular diseases represent a very broad spectrum of conditions that can also combine with diabetes and renal failure.
pathway
PW:0000020
cardiovascular system disease pathway
Cardiovascular diseases represent a very broad spectrum of conditions that can also combine with diabetes and renal failure.
InHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
Hypertension, high arterial blood pressure: various criteria for its threshold have been suggested, ranging from 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic to as high as 200 mm Hg systolic and 110 mm Hg diastolic. Hypertension may have no known cause (essential or idiopathic h.) or be associated with other primary diseases (secondary h.).
pathway
PW:0000021
hypertension pathway
Hypertension, high arterial blood pressure: various criteria for its threshold have been suggested, ranging from 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic to as high as 200 mm Hg systolic and 110 mm Hg diastolic. Hypertension may have no known cause (essential or idiopathic h.) or be associated with other primary diseases (secondary h.).
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Cardiomyopathy - a general diagnostic term designating primary noninflammatory disease of the heart muscle, often of obscure or unknown etiology and not the result of ischemic, hypertensive, congenital, valvular, or pericardial disease. It is usually subdivided into dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy (1). Cardiomyopathy is the deterioration of the cardiac muscle of the heart wall.
pathway
PW:0000022
cardiomyopathy pathway
Cardiomyopathy - a general diagnostic term designating primary noninflammatory disease of the heart muscle, often of obscure or unknown etiology and not the result of ischemic, hypertensive, congenital, valvular, or pericardial disease. It is usually subdivided into dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy (1). Cardiomyopathy is the deterioration of the cardiac muscle of the heart wall.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The Immune response pathways mediate the defense of host cells against infection and injury. The first line of defense is provided by the phylogenetically older innate immune response. The later, more versatile response is provided by the pathways of adaptive immunity: the B cell mediated humoral and the T cell mediated cellular or cell-mediated responses.
pathway
Immune System
immune response
PW:0000023
immune response pathway
The Immune response pathways mediate the defense of host cells against infection and injury. The first line of defense is provided by the phylogenetically older innate immune response. The later, more versatile response is provided by the pathways of adaptive immunity: the B cell mediated humoral and the T cell mediated cellular or cell-mediated responses.
GO:0006955
MCW_library:Handbook_of_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-168256
Inflammation is the cellular response of the innate immune system to infection or injury. Sensing of infection by pattern recognition receptors triggers signaling cascades leading to the expression of mediator genes such as the pro-inflammatory cytokines.
pathway
CLR signaling pathway
inflammatory response
PW:0000024
inflammatory response pathway
Inflammation is the cellular response of the innate immune system to infection or injury. Sensing of infection by pattern recognition receptors triggers signaling cascades leading to the expression of mediator genes such as the pro-inflammatory cytokines.
GO:0006954
MCW_library:Cellular_and_molecular_immunology,_by_Abbas,_Abul_K
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:15364056
PMID:16226680
PMID:16281932
PMID:20303867
PMID:20303872
Those metabolic reactions involved in the energy-yielding conversion of glucose to pyruvate or in the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as pyruvate, lactate, citric acid cycle intermediates, the carbon skeleton of many amino acids. While many enzymes are shared by the two pathways, a few steps are carried out by pathway-specific enzymes. The two pathways are independently regulated.
pathway
KEGG:00010
PW:0000025
glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the energy-yielding conversion of glucose to pyruvate or in the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as pyruvate, lactate, citric acid cycle intermediates, the carbon skeleton of many amino acids. While many enzymes are shared by the two pathways, a few steps are carried out by pathway-specific enzymes. The two pathways are independently regulated.
KEGG:map00010
The series of chemical reactions that are central to all aerobic cells and constitute the citric acid cycle. Also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) or Krebs cycle, it is the center of convergence for all molecular fuels.
pathway
Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)
Krebs cycle pathway
TCA cycle pathway
tricarboxylic acid cycle
tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway
PW:0000026
citric acid cycle pathway
The series of chemical reactions that are central to all aerobic cells and constitute the citric acid cycle. Also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) or Krebs cycle, it is the center of convergence for all molecular fuels.
GO:0006099
KEGG:map00020
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-71403
SMP:00057
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation glutamic acid/glutamate. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter.
pathway
SMP:00072
PW:0000027
Definition compiled based on the information available for glutamate at OneLook
glutamic acid/glutamate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation glutamic acid/glutamate. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of alanine, aspartate and glutamate.
pathway
KEGG:00250
PW:0000028
The definition was compiled based on the information on alanine and aspartate available at OneLook.
alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of alanine, aspartate and glutamate.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Acetyl-CoA, the starting material for fatty acid biosynthesis, can be derived from amino acid and lipid degradation or the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Fatty acid biosynthesis involves the condensation of C2 units; it requires seven enzymatic reactions which are carried out by the multifunctional enzyme fatty acid synthase.
PW:0000030
pathway
fatty acid biosynthetic process
PW:0000029
fatty acid biosynthetic pathway
Acetyl-CoA, the starting material for fatty acid biosynthesis, can be derived from amino acid and lipid degradation or the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Fatty acid biosynthesis involves the condensation of C2 units; it requires seven enzymatic reactions which are carried out by the multifunctional enzyme fatty acid synthase.
GO:0006633
KEGG:00061
PMID:11248039
PMID:8001737
SMP:00456
true
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of purines. Purines consist of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. The nucleobases adenine and guanine in DNA are purines.
pathway
purine nucleobase metabolic process
PW:0000031
purine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of purines. Purines consist of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. The nucleobases adenine and guanine in DNA are purines.
GO:0006144
KEGG:00230
OneLook:www.onelook.com
SMP:00050
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of pyrimidines. Cytosine, thymine and uracil - the nucleobases found in nucleic acids, are pyrimidine derivatives.
pathway
pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process
PW:0000032
pyrimidine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of pyrimidines. Cytosine, thymine and uracil - the nucleobases found in nucleic acids, are pyrimidine derivatives.
GO:0006206
KEGG:00240
OneLook:www.onelook.com
SMP:00046
Those metabolic reactions and pathways whose role is to release or provide energy.
pathway
PW:0000033
energy metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions and pathways whose role is to release or provide energy.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions whereby the electrons, derived from the oxidation of glucose and lipids or the degradation of amino acids, are passed to oxygen via a series of series of spatially separated complexes. The energy derived generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP. The coupling between the electron transport chain, also known as the respiratory chain, and the ATP biosynthetic pathway is known as oxidative phosphorylation. Under certain circumstances the two may be uncoupled.
pathway
ETC pathway
Respiratory electron transport
respiratory chain pathway
respiratory electron transport chain
PW:0000034
electron transport chain pathway
Those metabolic reactions whereby the electrons, derived from the oxidation of glucose and lipids or the degradation of amino acids, are passed to oxygen via a series of series of spatially separated complexes. The energy derived generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP. The coupling between the electron transport chain, also known as the respiratory chain, and the ATP biosynthetic pathway is known as oxidative phosphorylation. Under certain circumstances the two may be uncoupled.
GO:0022904
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:19760284
PMID:21625217
Reactome:R-HSA-611105
SMP:00355
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP synthesis is coupled to the electron transfer or respiratory chain pathway which generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the phosphorylation of ADP. The coupling of the two pathways is called oxidative phosphorylation. Under certain circumstances however, the two may be uncoupled.
pathway
ATP biosynthetic process
PW:0000035
ATP biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP synthesis is coupled to the electron transfer or respiratory chain pathway which generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the phosphorylation of ADP. The coupling of the two pathways is called oxidative phosphorylation. Under certain circumstances however, the two may be uncoupled.
GO:0006754
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:19760284
PMID:21625217
Those metabolic reactions in the nitrogen cycle carried out by various microorganisms.
pathway
PW:0000036
nitrogen metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions in the nitrogen cycle carried out by various microorganisms.
KEGG:map00910
Those metabolic reactions involving sulfur - a component of methionine and cysteine amino acids and of co-enzymes and vitamins. It also serves as electron donor in anaerobic respiration. Microorganisms and plants can incorporate inorganic sulfate into bioinorganic compounds; higher organisms derive them from diet.
pathway
sulfur compound metabolic process
PW:0000037
sulfur metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving sulfur - a component of methionine and cysteine amino acids and of co-enzymes and vitamins. It also serves as electron donor in anaerobic respiration. Microorganisms and plants can incorporate inorganic sulfate into bioinorganic compounds; higher organisms derive them from diet.
GO:0006790
KEGG:00920
KEGG:map00920
PMID:16143557
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_metabolism
OBSOLETE. Originally found at KEGG, the term has since been deleted.
pathway
PW:0000038
Sterol, vitamin K, vitamine E and cartenoids biosynthesis
true
OBSOLETE. Originally found at KEGG, the term has since been deleted.
PW_dictionary:InHouse_dictionary
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of bile acids - any of the steroid carboxylic acids derived from cholesterol. Cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids are the primary bile acids and are formed in the liver. Secondary bile acids - deoxycholic and lithocholic - are formed from the primary bile acids through the action of intestinal bacteria. Bile acid also acts as a signal molecule via several nuclear receptors.
pathway
bile acid biosynthetic process
PW:0000039
bile acid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of bile acids - any of the steroid carboxylic acids derived from cholesterol. Cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids are the primary bile acids and are formed in the liver. Secondary bile acids - deoxycholic and lithocholic - are formed from the primary bile acids through the action of intestinal bacteria. Bile acid also acts as a signal molecule via several nuclear receptors.
GO:0006699
KEGG:00120
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:22414897
SMP:00035
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones. All steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. Steroid hormone metabolism is extremely complex and its molecular details are incompletely understood. De novo steroid biosynthesis is confined to very few tissues, primarily the adrenals, the gonads and the placenta.
pathway
steroid hormone biosynthetic process
PW:0000040
steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones. All steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol. Steroid hormone metabolism is extremely complex and its molecular details are incompletely understood. De novo steroid biosynthesis is confined to very few tissues, primarily the adrenals, the gonads and the placenta.
GO:0120178
KEGG:00140
KEGG:map00140
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:17926129
SMP:00130
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of fructose and mannose, as depicted in the KEGG diagram.
pathway
KEGG:00051
SMP:00064
PW:0000041
fructose and mannose metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of fructose and mannose, as depicted in the KEGG diagram.
KEGG:map00051
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of galactose - an aldohexose epimeric with glucose at the 4 carbon. Galactose is a component of lactose and other oligosaccharides, cerebrosides and gangliosides, and of various glycolipids and glycoproteins.
pathway
galactose metabolic process
PW:0000042
galactose metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of galactose - an aldohexose epimeric with glucose at the 4 carbon. Galactose is a component of lactose and other oligosaccharides, cerebrosides and gangliosides, and of various glycolipids and glycoproteins.
GO:0006012
KEGG:00052
KEGG:map00052
OneLook:www.onelook.com
SMP:00043
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of pyruvate - a salt, ester, or anionic form of pyruvic acid. Pyruvate, which is the end-product of glycolysis, can be converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions, can be further oxidized via the Krebs or citrate cycle or can be converted back to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
pathway
Pyruvate metabolism
pyruvate metabolic process
PW:0000043
pyruvate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of pyruvate - a salt, ester, or anionic form of pyruvic acid. Pyruvate, which is the end-product of glycolysis, can be converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions, can be further oxidized via the Krebs or citrate cycle or can be converted back to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
GO:0006090
KEGG:00620
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-70268
SMP:00060
OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000027.
pathway
PW:0000044
Duplicated Glutamate Metabolism term
true
OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000027.
PW_dictionary:InHouse_dictionary
Those metabolic reactions involved in the generation of reducing equivalents and five carbon (pentose) sugars. The oxidative phase is irreversible; the non-oxidative is reversible.
pathway
hexose monophosphate pathway (shunt)
pentose phosphate shunt
phosphogluconate pathway
PW:0000045
pentose phosphate pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the generation of reducing equivalents and five carbon (pentose) sugars. The oxidative phase is irreversible; the non-oxidative is reversible.
GO:0006098
KEGG:map00030
OneLook:www.oneloook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-71336
SMP:00031
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of inositol, a cyclic sugar alcohol occurring in a number of stereoisomers of which myo-inositol is the most prominent form. myo-inositol provides a structural basis for compounds such as inositol phosphates and phosphatidylinositols, which are secondary messengers in several signaling pathways.
pathway
inositol metabolic process
PW:0000046
inositol metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of inositol, a cyclic sugar alcohol occurring in a number of stereoisomers of which myo-inositol is the most prominent form. myo-inositol provides a structural basis for compounds such as inositol phosphates and phosphatidylinositols, which are secondary messengers in several signaling pathways.
GO:0006020
OneLook:www.onelook.com
SMP:00011
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycine, serine and threonine and which are intimately connected with serine being synthesized from glycine and threonine.
pathway
KEGG:00260
PW:0000047
Definition compiled based on the information available at oneLook
glycine, serine and threonine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycine, serine and threonine and which are intimately connected with serine being synthesized from glycine and threonine.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis (remethylation), utilization and/or degradation of methionine, an essential amino acid for humans. The cycle produces S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), the major methyl donor for proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other small molecules. The cycle also produces homocysteine (Hcy) which either regenerates methionine via the remethylation pathway or leads to the synthesis of cysteine and derivatives via the transsulfuration pathway. Homocysteine and folate metabolic pathways are intimately related to the methionine cycle.
pathway
SMP:00033
PW:0000048
methionine cycle/metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis (remethylation), utilization and/or degradation of methionine, an essential amino acid for humans. The cycle produces S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), the major methyl donor for proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other small molecules. The cycle also produces homocysteine (Hcy) which either regenerates methionine via the remethylation pathway or leads to the synthesis of cysteine and derivatives via the transsulfuration pathway. Homocysteine and folate metabolic pathways are intimately related to the methionine cycle.
MCW_library_book:Homocysteine_in_Health_and_Disease
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cysteine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases. Its side chain contains a sulfhydryl group that is readily oxidized to form the cystine dimer covalently linked by a disulfide bond.
pathway
cysteine metabolic process
PW:0000049
Reference compiled based on the information available at OneLook for cysteine.
cysteine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cysteine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases. Its side chain contains a sulfhydryl group that is readily oxidized to form the cystine dimer covalently linked by a disulfide bond.
GO:0006534
OneLook:www.onelook.com
SMP:00013
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of arginine - an essential amino acid - and proline - an amino acid that can play important roles in protein secondary structure.
pathway
KEGG:00330
SMP:00020
PW:0000050
Definition compiled based on the information on arginine and proline available at OneLook
arginine and proline metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of arginine - an essential amino acid - and proline - an amino acid that can play important roles in protein secondary structure.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of histidine, an essential amino acid which can act as either a proton donor or a proton acceptor. While the synthesis and degradation pathways of histidine are present in microorganisms, histidine can be acted upon by eukaryotic enzymes. Histidine is the precursor of histamine, is involved in immune responses and also acts as a neurotransmitter.
pathway
histidine metabolic process
PW:0000051
histidine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of histidine, an essential amino acid which can act as either a proton donor or a proton acceptor. While the synthesis and degradation pathways of histidine are present in microorganisms, histidine can be acted upon by eukaryotic enzymes. Histidine is the precursor of histamine, is involved in immune responses and also acts as a neurotransmitter.
GO:0006547
KEGG:00340
OneLook:www.onelook.com
SMP:00044
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of tyrosine - a non-essential amino acid produced from phenylalanine and a precursor of thyroid hormones, catecholamines and melanin. Along with phenylalanine and tryptophan, it is one of the three aromatic amino acids.
pathway
tyrosine metabolic process
PW:0000052
tyrosine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of tyrosine - a non-essential amino acid produced from phenylalanine and a precursor of thyroid hormones, catecholamines and melanin. Along with phenylalanine and tryptophan, it is one of the three aromatic amino acids.
GO:0006570
KEGG:00350
SMP:00006
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phenylalanine, an essential amino acid. Along with tyrosine and tryptophan, it is one of the three aromatic amino acids.
pathway
L-phenylalanine metabolic process
Phenylalanine metabolism
PW:0000053
phenylalanine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phenylalanine, an essential amino acid. Along with tyrosine and tryptophan, it is one of the three aromatic amino acids.
GO:0006558
KEGG:00360
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-8964208
Those metabolic reactions that are involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of tryptophan - a dietary essential amino acid and precursor for several important compounds. Along with phenylalanine and tyrosine, it is one of the three aromatic amino acids.
pathway
tryptophan metabolic process
PW:0000054
tryptophan metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions that are involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of tryptophan - a dietary essential amino acid and precursor for several important compounds. Along with phenylalanine and tyrosine, it is one of the three aromatic amino acids.
GO:0006568
KEGG:00380
SMP:00063
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of nucleotide sugars. Nucleotide sugars are glycosyl donors usually classified depending on the type of the nucleoside forming them. Several are used in animals and many others can be found in plants and bacteria.
pathway
KEGG:00520
SMP:00010
PW:0000055
nucleotide sugar metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of nucleotide sugars. Nucleotide sugars are glycosyl donors usually classified depending on the type of the nucleoside forming them. Several are used in animals and many others can be found in plants and bacteria.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
KEGG:map00520
A chemical combination caused by the action of light; specifically the formation of carbohydrates (with release of molecular oxygen) from carbon dioxide and water in the chlorophyll tissue of plants and blue-green algae under the influence of light. In bacteria, photosynthesis employs hydrogen sulfide, molecular hydrogen, and other reduced compounds in place of water, so that molecular oxygen is not released.
pathway
photosynthesis
PW:0000056
photosynthesis pathway
A chemical combination caused by the action of light; specifically the formation of carbohydrates (with release of molecular oxygen) from carbon dioxide and water in the chlorophyll tissue of plants and blue-green algae under the influence of light. In bacteria, photosynthesis employs hydrogen sulfide, molecular hydrogen, and other reduced compounds in place of water, so that molecular oxygen is not released.
GO:0015979
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The pathway whereby photosynthetic organisms such as plants and cyanobacteria convert inorganic carbon (usually carbon dioxide) into organic compounds (usually carbohydrates).
pathway
carbon fixation
PW:0000057
carbon fixation pathway
The pathway whereby photosynthetic organisms such as plants and cyanobacteria convert inorganic carbon (usually carbon dioxide) into organic compounds (usually carbohydrates).
GO:0015977
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of fatty acids - any long-chain monobasic organic acid.
pathway
Fatty acid metabolism
fatty acid metabolic process
PW:0000058
fatty acid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of fatty acids - any long-chain monobasic organic acid.
GO:0006631
KEGG:map00071
Reactome:R-HSA-8978868
SMP:00051
Those signaling pathways that are involved in or mediate the various aspects of nervous system and/or brain function.
pathway
Neuronal System
neuronal signal transduction
PW:0000059
signaling pathway pertinent to the brain and nervous system
Those signaling pathways that are involved in or mediate the various aspects of nervous system and/or brain function.
GO:0023041
Reactome:R-HSA-112316
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a strengthening of the synapse that can last from hours to days and months. It is thought to underlie information storage and constitute the cellular basis of learning and memory. LTP engages numerous cascades of events on either side of the synapse and is accompanied by changes in gene expression.
pathway
LTP
Long-term potentiation
long-term synaptic potentiation
PW:0000060
long term potentiation
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a strengthening of the synapse that can last from hours to days and months. It is thought to underlie information storage and constitute the cellular basis of learning and memory. LTP engages numerous cascades of events on either side of the synapse and is accompanied by changes in gene expression.
Dorland's:www.onelook.com
GO:0060291
KEGG:map04720
Reactome:R-HSA-9620244
Long term depression is a weakening of a synapse that lasts hours to days. It results from either strong synaptic stimulation (as in the cerebellum) or to weak synaptic stimulation (as in the hippocampus), and engages several cascades.
pathway
LTD
long-term synaptic depression
PW:0000061
Adapted from Wikipedia at OneLook
long term depression
Long term depression is a weakening of a synapse that lasts hours to days. It results from either strong synaptic stimulation (as in the cerebellum) or to weak synaptic stimulation (as in the hippocampus), and engages several cascades.
GO:0060292
KEGG:map04730
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of ascorbate and aldarate, as depicted in the KEGG diagram.
pathway
KEGG:00053
PW:0000062
ascorbate and aldarate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of ascorbate and aldarate, as depicted in the KEGG diagram.
KEGG:map00053
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate, as depicted in the KEGG diagram.
pathway
KEGG:00630
PW:0000063
glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate, as depicted in the KEGG diagram.
KEGG:map00630
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of propanoate - any salt or ester of propanoic or propionic acid. Several propanoates are used in the food industry.
pathway
propionate metabolic process
PW:0000064
propanoate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of propanoate - any salt or ester of propanoic or propionic acid. Several propanoates are used in the food industry.
GO:0019541
KEGG:map00640
OneLook:www.onelook.com
SMP:00016
http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch106-04/nomencla1.htm
Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of butanoate - an ester or salt of n-butyric acid. Various butanoates are used as ingredients in flavoring and perfumery.
pathway
butyrate metabolic pathway
PW:0000065
butanoate metabolic pathway
Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of butanoate - an ester or salt of n-butyric acid. Various butanoates are used as ingredients in flavoring and perfumery.
GO:0019605
KEGG:map00650
OneLook:www.onelook.com
SMP:00073
pathway
PW:0000066
C5-branched dibasic acid metabolic pathway
Those reactions involved in carbon dioxide fixation - the reductive carboxylate cycle (CO2 fixation) - the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide to organic carbon compounds, as in photosynthesis.
pathway
PW:0000067
reductive carboxylate cycle - CO2 fixation pathway
Those reactions involved in carbon dioxide fixation - the reductive carboxylate cycle (CO2 fixation) - the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide to organic carbon compounds, as in photosynthesis.
KEGG:map00720
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those pathways used by methanotrophs and the methanogens that metabolize methane as the sole carbon source or as a byproduct.
pathway
methane metabolic process
PW:0000068
methane metabolic pathway
Those pathways used by methanotrophs and the methanogens that metabolize methane as the sole carbon source or as a byproduct.
GO:0015947
KEGG:map00680
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of ketone bodies. The chemicals acetoacetate, acetone and beta-hydroxybutyrate are collectively known as ketone bodies, although only the first two are ketones. They provide fuel for heart and skeletal muscle and for the brain during starvation. Excessive accumulation of these acidic chemicals leads to dangerous diabetic conditions known as ketoacidosis.
pathway
Ketone body metabolism
cellular ketone body metabolic process
PW:0000069
The definition was compiled using the information from a number of biological/medical dictionaries available at OneLook
ketone bodies metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of ketone bodies. The chemicals acetoacetate, acetone and beta-hydroxybutyrate are collectively known as ketone bodies, although only the first two are ketones. They provide fuel for heart and skeletal muscle and for the brain during starvation. Excessive accumulation of these acidic chemicals leads to dangerous diabetic conditions known as ketoacidosis.
GO:0046950
KEGG:map00072
MCW_Libraries:QU4_V876f_2008
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-74182
SMP:00071
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of C21-steroid hormones. Pregnenolone, the first C21 steroid derived from cholesterol, and progesterone, to which pregnenolone can be converted, provide the starting materials for the biosynthesis of C21, C19 and C18 steroid hormones. The C21 class includes glucocorticoids such as cortisol and mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are collectively referred to as corticosteroids.
pathway
C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process
corticosteroid biosynthetic pathway
PW:0000070
C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of C21-steroid hormones. Pregnenolone, the first C21 steroid derived from cholesterol, and progesterone, to which pregnenolone can be converted, provide the starting materials for the biosynthesis of C21, C19 and C18 steroid hormones. The C21 class includes glucocorticoids such as cortisol and mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are collectively referred to as corticosteroids.
GO:0006700
KEGG:map00140
PMID:17926129
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of valine, leucine and isoleucine - the three dietary-essential branched amino acids.
pathway
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism
branched-chain amino acid catabolic process
PW:0000071
valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of valine, leucine and isoleucine - the three dietary-essential branched amino acids.
GO:0009083
KEGG:00280
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-70895
SMP:00032
Those metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine - the three, dietary essential, branched amino acids.
pathway
KEGG:00290
PW:0000072
valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine - the three, dietary essential, branched amino acids.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of lysine. In mammals, lysine is metabolized to acetyl-CoA. A derivative of lysine, allysine, is used in the production of elastin and collagen.
pathway
Lysine catabolism
lysine catabolic process
PW:0000073
lysine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of lysine. In mammals, lysine is metabolized to acetyl-CoA. A derivative of lysine, allysine, is used in the production of elastin and collagen.
GO:0006554
KEGG:00310
Reactome:R-HSA-71064
SMP:00037
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of lysine - an essential amino acid. In plants and bacteria it is synthesized from aspartate.
pathway
lysine biosynthetic process
PW:0000074
lysine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of lysine - an essential amino acid. In plants and bacteria it is synthesized from aspartate.
GO:0009085
KEGG:00300
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan and which are intimately related. Although the body can not manufacture phenylalanine on its own, phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine. Phenylalanine together with tryptophan governs the release of an intestinal hormone - cholecystokinin.
pathway
KEGG:00400
PW:0000075
phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan and which are intimately related. Although the body can not manufacture phenylalanine on its own, phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine. Phenylalanine together with tryptophan governs the release of an intestinal hormone - cholecystokinin.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The series of metabolic reactions, occurring in the liver, by which the ammonia derived from the breakdown of amino acids combines with carbon dioxide to form urea.
pathway
Urea cycle
PW:0000076
urea cycle pathway
The series of metabolic reactions, occurring in the liver, by which the ammonia derived from the breakdown of amino acids combines with carbon dioxide to form urea.
GO:0000050
PMID:12055339
Reactome:R-HSA-70635
SMP:00059
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of beta-alanine. Beta-alanine is an amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Beta-alanine is not used in the synthesis of proteins but is a component of natural peptides, vitamins such as vitamin B5 and of coenzyme A. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported.
pathway
beta-alanine metabolic process
PW:0000077
beta-alanine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of beta-alanine. Beta-alanine is an amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Beta-alanine is not used in the synthesis of proteins but is a component of natural peptides, vitamins such as vitamin B5 and of coenzyme A. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported.
GO:0019482
KEGG:map00410
Onelook:www.onelook.com
SMP:00007
Those metabolic reactions involving cyanoamino acids, amino acid derivatives that contain a cyanide group.
pathway
cyanoamino acid metabolic process
PW:0000078
cyanoamino acid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving cyanoamino acids, amino acid derivatives that contain a cyanide group.
GO:0033052
KEGG:00460
KEGG:map00460
OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000133
pathway
PW:0000079
Duplicated Selenoamino acid metabolism term
true
OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000133
PW_dictionary:InHouse_dictionary
OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000133
pathway
PW:0000080
Duplicated term - Selenoamino acid metabolism
true
OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000133
PW_dictionary:InHouse_dictionary
Those metabolic reactions involving D-glutamine and D-glutamate as depicted in the KEGG diagram. D-glutamic acid is naturally found primarily in the cell wall of certain bacteria.
pathway
KEGG:00471
PW:0000081
D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving D-glutamine and D-glutamate as depicted in the KEGG diagram. D-glutamic acid is naturally found primarily in the cell wall of certain bacteria.
Human_Metabolome_Database:HMDB03339
KEGG:map00471
Those metabolic reactions involving D-arginine and D-ornithine as depicted in the KEGG diagram.
pathway
KEGG:00472
PW:0000082
D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving D-arginine and D-ornithine as depicted in the KEGG diagram.
KEGG:map00472
Those metabolic reactions involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of alanine. D-alanine can be found in bacterial cell walls and in some peptide antibiotics.
pathway
Alanine metabolism
D-alanine metabolic process
PW:0000083
D-alanine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of alanine. D-alanine can be found in bacterial cell walls and in some peptide antibiotics.
GO:0046436
Reactome:R-HSA-8964540
http://www.onelook.com
OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000134
pathway
PW:0000084
Duplicated glutathione metabolism term
true
OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000134
PW_dictionary:InHouse_dictionary
Those pathways involved in and/or controlling DNA replication, cell cycle, DNA repair and maintenance of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis.
pathway
PW:0000085
pathway pertinent to DNA replication and repair, cell cycle, maintenance of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis
Those pathways involved in and/or controlling DNA replication, cell cycle, DNA repair and maintenance of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis.
Handbook:Handbook_of_Biochemistry
The series of events, collectively known as the cell cycle, that underlie the replication of the genome and the segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. The cycle begins with a diploid cell and produces two identical diploid cells.
pathway
Cell Cycle, Mitotic
mitotic cell cycle
PW:0000086
Adapted from O'Connell and Walwarth, Genome KnowledgeBase
cell cycle pathway, mitotic
The series of events, collectively known as the cell cycle, that underlie the replication of the genome and the segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. The cycle begins with a diploid cell and produces two identical diploid cells.
GO:0000278
Handbook:Essential_Cell_Biology
KEGG:map04110
Reactome:R-HSA-69278
The series of events underlying the progression of the early cell cycle into the G phase and under the control of D-type cyclins together with Cdk4 and Cdk6. The formation of the pre-initiation replication complex takes place during this phase.
pathway
G1 Phase
mitotic G1 phase
PW:0000087
G1 phase pathway
The series of events underlying the progression of the early cell cycle into the G phase and under the control of D-type cyclins together with Cdk4 and Cdk6. The formation of the pre-initiation replication complex takes place during this phase.
GO:0000080
Reactome:R-HSA-69236
The series of events underlying the transition from G1 into S phase and under the control of Cyclin E/A - Cdk2 and cyclin D-Cdk4/Cdk6 complexes and their regulators. Genetic alterations of this important transition point are frequent in human cancers.
pathway
G1/S Transition
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
PW:0000088
G1/S transition pathway
The series of events underlying the transition from G1 into S phase and under the control of Cyclin E/A - Cdk2 and cyclin D-Cdk4/Cdk6 complexes and their regulators. Genetic alterations of this important transition point are frequent in human cancers.
GO:0000082
PMID:10919634
PMID:12200872
PMID:16236519
Reactome:R-HSA-69206
The series of events underlying duplication of the hereditary material of the cell, forming two copies of each chromosome.
pathway
S Phase
mitotic S phase
PW:0000089
S phase pathway
The series of events underlying duplication of the hereditary material of the cell, forming two copies of each chromosome.
GO:0000084
Reactome:R-HSA-69242
The series of events underlying the second 'gap' phase of the mitotic cell cycle - an interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis, during which protein synthesis occurs.
pathway
G2 Phase
mitotic G2 phase
PW:0000090
G2 phase pathway
The series of events underlying the second 'gap' phase of the mitotic cell cycle - an interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis, during which protein synthesis occurs.
GO:0000085
Reactome:R-HSA-68911
The series of events underlying the transition from the G2 phase into mitosis.
pathway
G2/M Transition
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
PW:0000091
G2/M transition pathway
The series of events underlying the transition from the G2 phase into mitosis.
GO:0000086
Reactome:R-HSA-69275
The series of events underlying mitosis (M phase), in turn comprised of several phases, involving nuclear division and cytokinesis and resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.
pathway
M Phase
PW:0000092
M phase pathway
The series of events underlying mitosis (M phase), in turn comprised of several phases, involving nuclear division and cytokinesis and resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.
GO:0000279
Reactome:R-HSA-68886
The series of events underlying progression out of mitosis and division into two daughter cells. It requires the inactivation of cyclinB-cdc2 by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.
pathway
M/G1 Transition
PW:0000093
M/G1 transition pathway
The series of events underlying progression out of mitosis and division into two daughter cells. It requires the inactivation of cyclinB-cdc2 by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.
Reactome:R-HSA-68874
Those pathways involved in the control of cell cycle progression as well as its precision and fidelity.
pathway
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
cell cycle checkpoint signaling
PW:0000094
cell cycle checkpoint pathway
Those pathways involved in the control of cell cycle progression as well as its precision and fidelity.
GO:0000075
PMID:14644189
Reactome:R-HSA-69620
Those pathways of DNA damage response that occur during the G1 phase.
pathway
G1/S DNA Damage Checkpoints
PW:0000095
G1/S DNA damage checkpoint pathway
Those pathways of DNA damage response that occur during the G1 phase.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Reactome:R-HSA-69615
Those pathways that assure the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. The checkpoints control for damaged and un-replicated DNA.
pathway
G2/M Checkpoints
PW:0000096
G2/M checkpoint pathway
Those pathways that assure the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. The checkpoints control for damaged and un-replicated DNA.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Reactome:R-HSA-69481
The pathway prevents cells with mis-aligned chromosomes from dividing. Defects of kinetochore function activate checkpoint proteins to initiate a cascade of events that eventually prevent separation of sister chromatids.
pathway
Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint
mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling
PW:0000097
mitotic spindle checkpoint pathway
The pathway prevents cells with mis-aligned chromosomes from dividing. Defects of kinetochore function activate checkpoint proteins to initiate a cascade of events that eventually prevent separation of sister chromatids.
GO:0071174
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Reactome:R-HSA-69618
pathway
DNA Replication
PW:0000098
DNA replication pathway
The pathways involved in the repair of damaged DNA. The damage can involve mismatched or damaged bases, distortion of the helix or breaks in the DNA double strand. Repair of DNA lesions along with the upstream lesion detection and signaling its presence are collectively known as the DNA damage response.
pathway
DNA Repair
PW:0000099
DNA repair pathway
The pathways involved in the repair of damaged DNA. The damage can involve mismatched or damaged bases, distortion of the helix or breaks in the DNA double strand. Repair of DNA lesions along with the upstream lesion detection and signaling its presence are collectively known as the DNA damage response.
GO:0006281
PMID:19847258
Reactome:R-HSA-73894
The pathways governing and/or regulating DNA transcription and gene expression. DNA transcription into coding and non-coding RNA is accomplished by one prokaryotic and several eukaryotic RNA polymerases. Transcription-coupled repair handles DNA lesions that interfere with the progression of RNA polymerases. Splicing of nascent RNA is thought to be predominantly co-transcriptional. Signaling pathways mediated by various transcription factors are involved in the regulation of gene expression.
pathway
Generic Transcription Pathway
transcription, DNA-templated
PW:0000100
transcription pathway
The pathways governing and/or regulating DNA transcription and gene expression. DNA transcription into coding and non-coding RNA is accomplished by one prokaryotic and several eukaryotic RNA polymerases. Transcription-coupled repair handles DNA lesions that interfere with the progression of RNA polymerases. Splicing of nascent RNA is thought to be predominantly co-transcriptional. Signaling pathways mediated by various transcription factors are involved in the regulation of gene expression.
GO:0006351
Reactome:R-HSA-212436
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription
The series of events governing the processes whereby mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain. Post-translational modifications often accompany the formation of the final, mature protein. Translation involves initiation, elongation and termination steps and is dependent upon the availability of aminoacyl-tRNA and mature ribosomes.
pathway
Translation
protein biosynthesis pathway
PW:0000101
translation pathway
The series of events governing the processes whereby mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain. Post-translational modifications often accompany the formation of the final, mature protein. Translation involves initiation, elongation and termination steps and is dependent upon the availability of aminoacyl-tRNA and mature ribosomes.
GO:0006412
PMID:23209153
PMID:23677826
Reactome:R-HSA-72766
The Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway - a Ras activated protein kinase cascade - regulates diverse processes such as cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, in response to cytokines, hormones, growth factors.
pathway
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
PW:0000102
the extracellular signal-regulated Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway
The Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway - a Ras activated protein kinase cascade - regulates diverse processes such as cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, in response to cytokines, hormones, growth factors.
GO:0070371
KEGG:map04010
PMID:15035987
PMID:17112607
PMID:17229475
PMID:17306385
A pathway that mediates or facilitates the movement of biochemical material, organic and inorganic substances and/or drugs.
pathway
transport
PW:0000103
transport pathway
A pathway that mediates or facilitates the movement of biochemical material, organic and inorganic substances and/or drugs.
GO:0006810
The apoptotic pathway involving organelles, primarily the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and involving the pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl family of proteins, cytochrome C, formation of the apoptosome and activation of caspases.
pathway
Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
PW:0000104
The reference was compiled based on the information available in the cited article.
intrinsic apoptotic pathway
The apoptotic pathway involving organelles, primarily the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and involving the pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl family of proteins, cytochrome C, formation of the apoptosome and activation of caspases.
GO:0097193
KEGG:map04210
PMID:14744432
Reactome:R-HSA-109606
Members of the Ras related Rho family of proteins control diverse processes such as actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, morphogenesis of dendritic spines, gene expression. Of note is the fact that cytoskeletal rearrangements, primarily actin remodeling have a role to play in vesicular trafficking, a process regulated by Rab proteins.
pathway
PW:0000105
Rho/Rac/Cdc42 mediated signaling pathway
Members of the Ras related Rho family of proteins control diverse processes such as actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, morphogenesis of dendritic spines, gene expression. Of note is the fact that cytoskeletal rearrangements, primarily actin remodeling have a role to play in vesicular trafficking, a process regulated by Rab proteins.
PMID:11075828
PMID:11152757
PMID:18171430
PMID:8973630
The apoptotic pathway involving the death receptors-mediated route of caspase activation. Members of the tumor necrosis superfamily such as the better known Tnf-alpha (Tnf), Fas ligand or Trail elicit apoptosis via receptor-associated adapters.
pathway
Caspase activation via extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway
death receptor mediated apoptotic pathway
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
PW:0000106
extrinsic apoptotic pathway
The apoptotic pathway involving the death receptors-mediated route of caspase activation. Members of the tumor necrosis superfamily such as the better known Tnf-alpha (Tnf), Fas ligand or Trail elicit apoptosis via receptor-associated adapters.
GO:0097191
KEGG:map04210
PMID:14744432
Reactome:R-HSA-5357769
Those reactions involved in the breaking down of toxic chemical compounds such as oil spills, solvents, pesticides and other pollutants. These chemicals are generally resistant to degradation, but microorganisms possess enzymes that are capable of breaking them down.
pathway
Xenobiotics
xenobiotic catabolic process
PW:0000107
xenobiotics biodegradation pathway
Those reactions involved in the breaking down of toxic chemical compounds such as oil spills, solvents, pesticides and other pollutants. These chemicals are generally resistant to degradation, but microorganisms possess enzymes that are capable of breaking them down.
GO:0042178
Reactome:R-HSA-211981
http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html#xenobiotics
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of caprolactam - a cyclic amide of caproic acid used to produce a type of nylon.
pathway
caprolactam catabolic process
PW:0000108
caprolactam degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of caprolactam - a cyclic amide of caproic acid used to produce a type of nylon.
GO:0019384
KEGG:map00930
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of bisphenol A, known as BPA, an important compound in the production of plastics. However, it is believed to be hazardous to humans and reports have linked several health effects to levels of BPA exposure.
pathway
bisphenol A catabolic process
PW:0000109
bisphenol A degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of bisphenol A, known as BPA, an important compound in the production of plastics. However, it is believed to be hazardous to humans and reports have linked several health effects to levels of BPA exposure.
GO:0043636
KEGG:map00363
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of toluene and xylene. Toluene is used as organic solvent in rubber, paint, cement. Xylene represents any of three benzene derivatives used as solvent in printing, rubber, also as a cleaning agent.
pathway
PW:0000110
toluene and xylene degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of toluene and xylene. Toluene is used as organic solvent in rubber, paint, cement. Xylene represents any of three benzene derivatives used as solvent in printing, rubber, also as a cleaning agent.
KEGG:map00622
Onelook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, also known as lindane, used as an insecticide and suspected to be carcinogenic.
pathway
PW:0000111
gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, also known as lindane, used as an insecticide and suspected to be carcinogenic.
KEGG:map00361
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of 3-chloroacrylic acid.
pathway
PW:0000112
3-chloroacrylic acid degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of 3-chloroacrylic acid.
KEGG:map00641
Online:Various_sources
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of atrazine - a herbicide used to kill weeds.
pathway
atrazine catabolic process
PW:0000113
atrazine degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of atrazine - a herbicide used to kill weeds.
GO:0019381
KEGG:map00791
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the aerobic pathway of benzoate degradation.
pathway
benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation
PW:0000114
benzoate degradation pathway via hydroxylation
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the aerobic pathway of benzoate degradation.
GO:0043640
KEGG:map00362
Online:Appl._Env._Microbiology,_2004,_v.70(9),_p4861-70.
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the anaerobic pathway of benzoate degradation.
pathway
benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation
PW:0000115
benzoate degradation pathway via CoA ligation
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the anaerobic pathway of benzoate degradation.
GO:0010128
KEGG:map00632
http://umbbd.ahc.umn.edu/benz/benz_map.html
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of carbazole - a crystalline, slightly basic cyclic compound found in anthracene. It reacts with carbohydrates and is used for assay and analysis of carbohydrates and in making dyes.
pathway
carbazole catabolic process
PW:0000116
carbazole degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of carbazole - a crystalline, slightly basic cyclic compound found in anthracene. It reacts with carbohydrates and is used for assay and analysis of carbohydrates and in making dyes.
GO:0046232
KEGG:map00629
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of fluorene - a colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon. It is obtained from coal tar and is used in making dyes.
pathway
fluorene catabolic process
PW:0000117
fluorene degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of fluorene - a colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon. It is obtained from coal tar and is used in making dyes.
GO:0019429
KEGG:map00628
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of ethylbenzene - a liquid hydrocarbon used in the manufacture of styrene and as a solvent and diluent for dyes and paints.
pathway
PW:0000118
ethylbenzene degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of ethylbenzene - a liquid hydrocarbon used in the manufacture of styrene and as a solvent and diluent for dyes and paints.
KEGG:map00642
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of nitrobenzene - an organic compound that occurs either as yellow crystals or yellow liquid and is used in the manufacture of aniline. It is a poisonous derivative of benzene.
pathway
nitrobenzene catabolic process
PW:0000119
nitrobenzene degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of nitrobenzene - an organic compound that occurs either as yellow crystals or yellow liquid and is used in the manufacture of aniline. It is a poisonous derivative of benzene.
GO:1900998
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of styrene - an aromatic hydrocarbon that is colorless and oily. It is used in the manufacture of rubber, resins and plastics. It is a toxic, possibly carcinogenic substance.
pathway
styrene catabolic process
PW:0000120
styrene degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of styrene - an aromatic hydrocarbon that is colorless and oily. It is used in the manufacture of rubber, resins and plastics. It is a toxic, possibly carcinogenic substance.
GO:0042207
KEGG:map00643
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of tetrachloroethene (acetylene tetrachloride) - used as a solvent for fats, waxes, resins and as an intermediate in the synthesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
pathway
tetrachloroethylene catabolic process
PW:0000121
tetrachloroethene degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of tetrachloroethene (acetylene tetrachloride) - used as a solvent for fats, waxes, resins and as an intermediate in the synthesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
GO:0019337
KEGG:map00625
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (Hh) plays important roles in vertebrate embryogenesis, particularly in the differentiation of the neural tube, in vasculogenesis and in angiogenesis. Post-embryonically it is believed to play a homeostatic role in the maintenance of stem cells. Alteration of the pathway has been implicated in a number of human cancers.
pathway
Signaling by Hedgehog
smoothened signaling pathway
PW:0000122
Hedgehog signaling pathway
The Hedgehog signaling pathway (Hh) plays important roles in vertebrate embryogenesis, particularly in the differentiation of the neural tube, in vasculogenesis and in angiogenesis. Post-embryonically it is believed to play a homeostatic role in the maintenance of stem cells. Alteration of the pathway has been implicated in a number of human cancers.
GO:0007224
KEGG:map04340
PID:200168
PID:200172
PMID:12495844
PMID:15205520
PMID:15596107
Reactome:R-HSA-5358351
The pathway of synaptic vesicle endocytosis and neurotransmitter refill following exocytosis.
pathway
PW:0000123
synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling pathway
The pathway of synaptic vesicle endocytosis and neurotransmitter refill following exocytosis.
PMID:15217342
A pathway triggered by exogenous or endogenous elements, compounds or molecules that can be harmful to the system. The phase I (oxidative) and phase II (conjugative) metabolizing enzymes and the phase III transport systems and other pathways are involved in the response mechanisms resulting in processing and subsequent elimination of such elements. Others induce downstream effects such as antioxidant, cell death or inflammatory response pathways.
pathway
cellular detoxification
PW:0000124
cellular detoxification pathway
A pathway triggered by exogenous or endogenous elements, compounds or molecules that can be harmful to the system. The phase I (oxidative) and phase II (conjugative) metabolizing enzymes and the phase III transport systems and other pathways are involved in the response mechanisms resulting in processing and subsequent elimination of such elements. Others induce downstream effects such as antioxidant, cell death or inflammatory response pathways.
GO:1990748
PMID:15252150
PMID:17482904
PMID:26122708
G-proteins act as signal transducers between activated receptors or other incoming signals and downstream effectors. They comprise the heterotrimeric G proteins downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the Ras superfamily of small, monomeric G proteins. They function as molecular switches, alternating between the GDP-inactive and GTP-active bound state.
pathway
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Signaling by GPCR
heterotrimeric G protein mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000125
G protein mediated signaling pathway
G-proteins act as signal transducers between activated receptors or other incoming signals and downstream effectors. They comprise the heterotrimeric G proteins downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the Ras superfamily of small, monomeric G proteins. They function as molecular switches, alternating between the GDP-inactive and GTP-active bound state.
GO:0007186
PMID:11152757
PMID:12040175
Reactome:R-HSA-372790
The series of events governing the synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor in the nucleolus.
pathway
RNA Polymerase I Transcription
transcription by RNA polymerase I
PW:0000126
RNA polymerase I transcription pathway
The series of events governing the synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) precursor in the nucleolus.
GO:0006360
PMID:22365827
Reactome:R-HSA-73864
The series of events governing the synthesis of protein-coding messenger RNA (mRNA) precursors and of transcripts of many classes of non-coding genes.
pathway
RNA Polymerase II Transcription
transcription by RNA polymerase II
PW:0000127
RNA polymerase II transcription pathway
The series of events governing the synthesis of protein-coding messenger RNA (mRNA) precursors and of transcripts of many classes of non-coding genes.
GO:0006366
PMID:22365827
PMID:23827673
Reactome:R-HSA-73857
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_%28genetics%29
The series of events governing the synthesis of transport/transfer RNA (tRNA) precursors, the small ribosomal rRNA and other small RNAs.
pathway
RNA Polymerase III Transcription
transcription by RNA polymerase III
PW:0000128
RNA polymerase III transcription pathway
The series of events governing the synthesis of transport/transfer RNA (tRNA) precursors, the small ribosomal rRNA and other small RNAs.
GO:0006383
PMID:22365827
Reactome:R-HSA-74158
The base excision repair pathway involves the identification and removal of a damaged base followed by its replacement with the correct nucleotide and ligation of the break in the strand.
pathway
BER pathway
Base Excision Repair
base-excision repair
PW:0000129
base excision repair pathway
The base excision repair pathway involves the identification and removal of a damaged base followed by its replacement with the correct nucleotide and ligation of the break in the strand.
GO:0006284
KEGG:map03410
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-73884
The nucleotide excision repair pathway is an important mechanism for the detection of helix-distorting base alterations. Unlike the base excision repair pathway that only removes the damaged bases, the NER pathway removes an entire lesion-containing segment. The single-strand gap thus introduced is filled in by DNA polymerase using the undamaged strand as a template. The pathway can be subdivided into two sub-pathways: transcription-coupled and global genome repair. They only differ in the lesion recognition step while the core repair component is shared.
pathway
NER pathway
Nucleotide Excision Repair
nucleotide-excision repair
PW:0000130
nucleotide excision repair pathway
The nucleotide excision repair pathway is an important mechanism for the detection of helix-distorting base alterations. Unlike the base excision repair pathway that only removes the damaged bases, the NER pathway removes an entire lesion-containing segment. The single-strand gap thus introduced is filled in by DNA polymerase using the undamaged strand as a template. The pathway can be subdivided into two sub-pathways: transcription-coupled and global genome repair. They only differ in the lesion recognition step while the core repair component is shared.
GO:0006289
KEGG:map03420
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:23046879
PMID:23085398
Reactome:R-HSA-5696398
SMP:00478
true
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of amino acids other than the common 20 amino acids found in protein. Some of these amino acids like carnitine or homocysteine derive from primary amino acids.
pathway
PW:0000132
metabolic pathway of other amino acids
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of amino acids other than the common 20 amino acids found in protein. Some of these amino acids like carnitine or homocysteine derive from primary amino acids.
InHouse:PW_InHouse_dictionary
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of selenoamino acids - amino acids in which a selenium atom replaces a sulfur atom. Examples include selenocysteine, selenohomocysteine and selenomethionine.
pathway
Selenoamino acid metabolism
selenocompound metabolic pathway
PW:0000133
selenoamino acid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of selenoamino acids - amino acids in which a selenium atom replaces a sulfur atom. Examples include selenocysteine, selenohomocysteine and selenomethionine.
KEGG:map00450
Reactome:R-HSA-2408522
SMP:00029
http://morelife.org/glossary/
http://pathman.smpdb.ca/pathways/SMP00029/pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glutathione - a tripeptide that acts as an antioxidant and provides protection against reactive oxygen species. It is also used in the conjugation of xenobiotics and drugs by the phase II biotransformation enzymes.
pathway
glutathione metabolic process
PW:0000134
glutathione metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glutathione - a tripeptide that acts as an antioxidant and provides protection against reactive oxygen species. It is also used in the conjugation of xenobiotics and drugs by the phase II biotransformation enzymes.
GO:0006749
KEGG:00480
SMP:00015
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione
Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cofactors, vitamins and other nutrients. Cofactors are necessary for the proper function of certain proteins and enzymes; they can be inorganic such as the metal ions or the iron-sulfur cluster or organic. Organic compounds that are tightly bound to proteins are also referred to as prosthetic groups. Often, they are or are made from vitamins, compounds that are vital but in small amounts and which are insufficiently synthesized by the organism. Some of these molecules can also perform signaling functions.
pathway
Metabolism of vitamins and cofactors
PW:0000135
metabolic pathway of cofactors, vitamins, nutrients
Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cofactors, vitamins and other nutrients. Cofactors are necessary for the proper function of certain proteins and enzymes; they can be inorganic such as the metal ions or the iron-sulfur cluster or organic. Organic compounds that are tightly bound to proteins are also referred to as prosthetic groups. Often, they are or are made from vitamins, compounds that are vital but in small amounts and which are insufficiently synthesized by the organism. Some of these molecules can also perform signaling functions.
Reactome:R-HSA-196854
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involving thiamine, a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex. It is synthesized in bacteria, fungi and plants while animals obtain thiamine from food. Thiamine insufficiency results in a condition called beriberi.
KEGG:00730
Reactome:R-HSA-196819
SMP:00076
pathway
Vitamin B1 (thiamin) metabolism
vitamin B1 metabolic pathway
PW:0000136
thiamine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving thiamine, a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex. It is synthesized in bacteria, fungi and plants while animals obtain thiamine from food. Thiamine insufficiency results in a condition called beriberi.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine
Those metabolic reactions involving riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2 - a water-soluble vitamin. B2 occurs in several products and is a precursor for flavin coenzymes.
pathway
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolism
riboflavin metabolic process
vitamin B2 metabolic pathway
PW:0000137
riboflavin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2 - a water-soluble vitamin. B2 occurs in several products and is a precursor for flavin coenzymes.
GO:0006771
KEGG:00740
Reactome:R-HSA-196843
SMP:00070
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavin
Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin B6 - a water-soluble vitamin that exists in several forms. Vitamin B6 is required for many enzymatic reactions as the active pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) form. A number of organisms can carry out de novo synthesis of vitamin B6; humans derive it from diet.
pathway
pyridoxine metabolic pathway
vitamin B6 metabolic process
PW:0000138
vitamin B6 metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin B6 - a water-soluble vitamin that exists in several forms. Vitamin B6 is required for many enzymatic reactions as the active pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) form. A number of organisms can carry out de novo synthesis of vitamin B6; humans derive it from diet.
GO:0042816
KEGG:00750
SMP:00017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B6
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or H, a water-soluble vitamin. Biotin assists in various metabolic reactions and processes.
pathway
Biotin transport and metabolism
biotin metabolic process
vitamin B7 metabolic pathway
PW:0000139
biotin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or H, a water-soluble vitamin. Biotin assists in various metabolic reactions and processes.
GO:0006768
KEGG:00780
Reactome:R-HSA-196780
SMP:00066
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin
Folate metabolism represents the various aspects of the folate cycle and the folate-mediated transfer reactions essential for several biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and the folate-mediated one-carbon pathways are part of folate metabolism. Folate compounds are water-soluble forms of vitamin B9.
pathway
folic acid metabolic process
vitamin B9 metabolic pathway
PW:0000140
folate metabolic pathway
Folate metabolism represents the various aspects of the folate cycle and the folate-mediated transfer reactions essential for several biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and the folate-mediated one-carbon pathways are part of folate metabolism. Folate compounds are water-soluble forms of vitamin B9.
GO:0046655
KEGG:00790
PMID:11001804
PMID:15166809
PMID:15298442
SMP:00053
Those reactions involving retinol, a fat-soluble vitamin that is the dietary form of vitamin A and is important for bone growth and in vision. Precursors of retinol such as carotenoid or retinyl esters are derived from diet and are converted to retinal and retinol, respectively.
pathway
Retinoid metabolism and transport
retinol metabolic process
PW:0000141
retinol metabolic pathway
Those reactions involving retinol, a fat-soluble vitamin that is the dietary form of vitamin A and is important for bone growth and in vision. Precursors of retinol such as carotenoid or retinyl esters are derived from diet and are converted to retinal and retinol, respectively.
GO:0042572
KEGG:map00830
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:21586336
PMID:21718801
Reactome:R-HSA-975634
SMP:00074
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone, also known as coenzyme Q. Ubiquinone is a member of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and plays important roles in cellular metabolism.
pathway
Ubiquinol biosynthesis
ubiquinone biosynthetic process
PW:0000142
ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone, also known as coenzyme Q. Ubiquinone is a member of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and plays important roles in cellular metabolism.
GO:0006744
KEGG:00130
PMID:14757233
Reactome:R-HSA-2142789
SMP:00065
Insulin, the peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells, plays essential roles in glucose and energy homeostasis. Insulin signaling activates two main intracellular pathways to regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism and to prompt glucose absorption in insulin sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with a number of conditions, primarily diabetes.
pathway
Signaling by Insulin receptor
insulin receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000143
insulin signaling pathway
Insulin, the peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells, plays essential roles in glucose and energy homeostasis. Insulin signaling activates two main intracellular pathways to regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism and to prompt glucose absorption in insulin sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with a number of conditions, primarily diabetes.
GO:0008286
KEGG:map4910
PID:200014
PMID:12169433
Reactome:R-HSA-74752
SMP:00391
The pathway for the ATP-dependent non-lysosomal proteolysis catalyzed by the 26S proteasome and for which ubiquitylation, the post-translational covalent conjugation of ubiquitin to target proteins is a key signal.
pathway
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
PW:0000144
ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway
The pathway for the ATP-dependent non-lysosomal proteolysis catalyzed by the 26S proteasome and for which ubiquitylation, the post-translational covalent conjugation of ubiquitin to target proteins is a key signal.
GO:0006511
KEGG:03050
KEGG:ko04120
PubMed:2001,_v.27,_171-179.
OBSOLETE. Originally found at KEGG, the term has since been deleted
pathway
PW:0000145
Metabolism of complex carbohydrates
true
OBSOLETE. Originally found at KEGG, the term has since been deleted
PW_dictionary:InHouse_dictionary
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycans. Glycans are a class of compounds that include oligo- and polysaccharides, simple sugars or polymeric structures of mono- or di-saccharides, respectively. The term also refers to the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids.
pathway
polysaccharide metabolic process
PW:0000146
glycan metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycans. Glycans are a class of compounds that include oligo- and polysaccharides, simple sugars or polymeric structures of mono- or di-saccharides, respectively. The term also refers to the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins, proteoglycans and glycolipids.
GO:0005976
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of secondary metabolites - products of cellular metabolism that are not essential for, or not directly involved in the normal growth, development or reproduction of an organism. Many of the chemicals that plants or microorganisms produce are secondary metabolites.
pathway
PW:0000147
metabolic pathway of secondary metabolites
Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of secondary metabolites - products of cellular metabolism that are not essential for, or not directly involved in the normal growth, development or reproduction of an organism. Many of the chemicals that plants or microorganisms produce are secondary metabolites.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
pathway
PW:0000148
alkaloid biosynthetic pathway I
pathway
PW:0000149
alkaloid biosynthetic pathway II
pathway
PW:0000150
stilbene, coumarine and lignin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of starch and sucrose, as depicted in the KEGG diagram. Starch is a polysaccharide produced by all green plants and is an important carbohydrate in the human diet. Sucrose, or the table sugar is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose that is produced by plants and cyanobacteria.
pathway
KEGG:00500
SMP:00058
PW:0000151
starch and sucrose metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of starch and sucrose, as depicted in the KEGG diagram. Starch is a polysaccharide produced by all green plants and is an important carbohydrate in the human diet. Sucrose, or the table sugar is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose that is produced by plants and cyanobacteria.
KEGG:map00500
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of amino sugars. An amino sugar has an amino group substituent in place of a hydroxyl group. Amino sugars are important constituents of a variety of polysaccharides and glycoproteins.
pathway
amino sugar metabolic process
PW:0000152
Based on Dorland's Medical dictionary
amino sugar metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of amino sugars. An amino sugar has an amino group substituent in place of a hydroxyl group. Amino sugars are important constituents of a variety of polysaccharides and glycoproteins.
GO:0006040
KEGG:00520
SMP:00045
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_sugar
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of triacylglycerols - esters of glycerols with three fatty acid molecules. Triglycerides are the common form of transport and storage of fatty acids. Esters with one or two fatty acid molecules are metabolic intermediates present in small amounts.
pathway
Triglyceride metabolism
triglyceride metabolic pathway
triglyceride metabolic process
PW:0000153
triacylglycerol metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of triacylglycerols - esters of glycerols with three fatty acid molecules. Triglycerides are the common form of transport and storage of fatty acids. Esters with one or two fatty acid molecules are metabolic intermediates present in small amounts.
GO:0006641
KEGG:map00561
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-8979227
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of inositol phosphate, which represents all of the possible phosphorylated states of inositol. Inositol phosphates have many important cellular functions.
pathway
Inositol phosphate metabolism
inositol phosphate metabolic process
PW:0000154
inositol phosphate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of inositol phosphate, which represents all of the possible phosphorylated states of inositol. Inositol phosphates have many important cellular functions.
GO:0043647
KEGG:map00562
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-1483249
SMP:00462
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phospholipids - lipids containing phosphorus, including those with a glycerol backbone or a backbone of sphingosine or related substances. Phospholipids are the major form of lipid in the cell membrane.
pathway
PW:0000155
phospholipid metabolic pathway
true
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phospholipids - lipids containing phosphorus, including those with a glycerol backbone or a backbone of sphingosine or related substances. Phospholipids are the major form of lipid in the cell membrane.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of prostaglandins - a family of prostanoid eicosanoids with many regulatory functions.
pathway
prostaglandin metabolic process
PW:0000156
prostaglandin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of prostaglandins - a family of prostanoid eicosanoids with many regulatory functions.
GO:0006693
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycosaminoglycans - any of several high molecular weight linear polysaccharides of repeating disaccharide units. In many cases, the unit consists of an amino sugar and a uronic acid. When aggregating with proteins, they form proteoglycans.
pathway
Glycosaminoglycan metabolism
glycosaminoglycan metabolic process
PW:0000157
glycosaminoglycan metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycosaminoglycans - any of several high molecular weight linear polysaccharides of repeating disaccharide units. In many cases, the unit consists of an amino sugar and a uronic acid. When aggregating with proteins, they form proteoglycans.
GO:0030203
MCW_Libraries:QU4_V876f_2008
Reactome:R-HSA-1630316
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosaminoglycan
The Ras family mediated signaling pathways are primarily involved in the regulation of gene expression.
pathway
PW:0000158
Ras family mediated signaling pathway
The Ras family mediated signaling pathways are primarily involved in the regulation of gene expression.
PMID:11152757
PMID:11467446
Rab family mediated signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicle trafficking. More than 60 Rab members bind to specific effectors to regulate all aspects of vesicular trafficking - from formation and transport of vesicles, to tethering and fusion with target membranes. Of note is that cytoskeletal rearrangements such as actin remodeling, a process regulated by the Rho family, have a role to play in vesicular trafficking.
pathway
Rab protein signal transduction
PW:0000159
Rab family mediated signaling pathway
Rab family mediated signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicle trafficking. More than 60 Rab members bind to specific effectors to regulate all aspects of vesicular trafficking - from formation and transport of vesicles, to tethering and fusion with target membranes. Of note is that cytoskeletal rearrangements such as actin remodeling, a process regulated by the Rho family, have a role to play in vesicular trafficking.
GO:0032482
PMID:11152757
PMID:16882731
PMID:18171430
Ran family mediated signaling pathways are involved in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.
pathway
Ran protein signal transduction
PW:0000160
Ran family mediated signaling pathway
Ran family mediated signaling pathways are involved in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.
GO:0031291
PMID:11152757
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. The GPI anchor allows for the attachment of cell surface proteins to the cell membrane.
pathway
GPI anchor biosynthesis
Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)
PW:0000161
glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. The GPI anchor allows for the attachment of cell surface proteins to the cell membrane.
GO:0006506
InHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
KEGG:map00563
Reactome:R-HSA-162710
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are enriched in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and display multiple biological functions. They participate in tissue development, cell recognition and adhesion, and act as receptors for toxins.
pathway
Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis
sphingolipid biosynthetic process
PW:0000162
sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are enriched in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and display multiple biological functions. They participate in tissue development, cell recognition and adhesion, and act as receptors for toxins.
GO:0030148
Reactome:R-HSA-1660661
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of sphingolipids.
pathway
sphingolipid catabolic process
PW:0000163
sphingolipid degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of sphingolipids.
GO:0030149
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of gangliosides - any of a group of glycosphingolipids in which the polar head group on ceramide is a sialic acid. Their names include letters and numbers where the letters M, D and T indicate the number of sialic acid residues in the molecule - one, two or three, respectively.
pathway
ganglioside metabolic process
PW:0000164
ganglioside metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of gangliosides - any of a group of glycosphingolipids in which the polar head group on ceramide is a sialic acid. Their names include letters and numbers where the letters M, D and T indicate the number of sialic acid residues in the molecule - one, two or three, respectively.
GO:0001573
KEGG:00604
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of taurine and hypotaurine.
pathway
KEGG:00430
SMP:00021
PW:0000165
taurine and hypotaurine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of taurine and hypotaurine.
InHouse:PW_InHouse_dictionary
KEGG:map00430
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of monoterpenoids. Terpenoids are a large class of naturally-occurring organic chemicals. They are derived from five-carbon units and are modified in manifold ways.
PW:0000252
pathway
monoterpenoid biosynthetic process
PW:0000166
monoterpenoid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of monoterpenoids. Terpenoids are a large class of naturally-occurring organic chemicals. They are derived from five-carbon units and are modified in manifold ways.
GO:0016099
KEGG:00760
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of pantothenic acid or panthothenate, also known as vitamin B5 - a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin B5 is the precursor to coenzyme A (CoA) which in turn, plays an essential role in fatty acids and pyruvate metabolism.
pathway
Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) metabolism
pantothenate metabolic process
vitamin B5 metabolic pathway
PW:0000167
pantothenic acid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of pantothenic acid or panthothenate, also known as vitamin B5 - a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin B5 is the precursor to coenzyme A (CoA) which in turn, plays an essential role in fatty acids and pyruvate metabolism.
GO:0015939
KEGG:00770
Reactome:R-HSA-199220
SMP:00027
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantothenic_acid
Those pathways that are triggered through the binding of a growth factor to its particular receptor. Growth factors carry out mitogenic signaling via their largely tyrosine kinase receptors.
pathway
PW:0000168
growth factor signaling pathway
Those pathways that are triggered through the binding of a growth factor to its particular receptor. Growth factors carry out mitogenic signaling via their largely tyrosine kinase receptors.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:16632420
Nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling pathways control a variety of processes such as neuronal cell differentiation and axon growth. Members of the NGF family are best known for their anti-apoptotic role as mediators of neuronal cell survival.
pathway
NGF signaling pathway
PW:0000169
nerve growth factor signaling pathway
Nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling pathways control a variety of processes such as neuronal cell differentiation and axon growth. Members of the NGF family are best known for their anti-apoptotic role as mediators of neuronal cell survival.
GO:0038180
GO:0048011
PubMed:Neuron,_2004,_v42,_p897-912;_Cellular_Signaling,_2004,_v16,_p127-36.
Reactome:REACT_11061.4
Members of the EGF/neuregulin superfamily are important regulators of tissue development and repair. A characteristic feature is the presence of the EGF module, a 36-40 amino acid sequence with a disulfide-bonded three-loop structure necessary for receptor binding.
pathway
EGF/neuregulin signaling pathway
Signaling by EGFR
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000170
epidermal growth factor/neuregulin signaling pathway
Members of the EGF/neuregulin superfamily are important regulators of tissue development and repair. A characteristic feature is the presence of the EGF module, a 36-40 amino acid sequence with a disulfide-bonded three-loop structure necessary for receptor binding.
GO:0007173
KEGG:map04012
MCW_e-journal:J._Mol._Evolo.2000,_v50,_p397-412
PID:200101
PID:200159
PMID:12814936
Reactome:R-HSA-177929
Inherited neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in several, unrelated proteins. The diseases are manifested as distinct neuropathies and multiple pathways are perturbed.
polyglutamine repeat disease pathway
pathway
polyQ repeat disease pathway
PW:0000171
Definition adapted from an article in Trends in Genetics
polyglutamine repeat pathway
Inherited neurodegenerative diseases that are caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in several, unrelated proteins. The diseases are manifested as distinct neuropathies and multiple pathways are perturbed.
PMID:25309920
PMID:25771431
An inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract. Various pathways are disrupted and contribute to the manifestation of the condition.
Kennedy disease pathway
X-Linked Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy pathway
X-linked Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy pathway
spinal bulbar muscular atrophy pathway
spinobulbar muscular atrophy disease pathway
spinobulbar muscular atrophy pathway
pathway
SBMA disease pathway
PW:0000172
Kennedy's disease pathway
An inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract. Various pathways are disrupted and contribute to the manifestation of the condition.
PMID:24816443
An inherited form of neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract. Several types are grouped under SCA, types 1-3, 6, 7 and 17. Various pathways are disrupted and contribute to the manifestation of the condition.
spinocerebellar ataxia disease pathway
pathway
SCA disease pathway
PW:0000173
spinocerebellar ataxia pathway
An inherited form of neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract. Several types are grouped under SCA, types 1-3, 6, 7 and 17. Various pathways are disrupted and contribute to the manifestation of the condition.
PMID:24816443
The metabolic syndrome is a multiphenotypic condition with concurrent features of several diseases and metabolic abnormalities. Insulin resistance, obesity and hypertension are considered risk factors. Alterations in lipid, glucose and cholesterol metabolic pathways, among others, can contribute to the multifactorial metabolic syndrome and the conditions associated with it.
abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 1 pathway
dysmetabolic syndrome X pathway
metabolic syndrome pathway
pathway
PW:0000174
metabolic syndrome X pathway
The metabolic syndrome is a multiphenotypic condition with concurrent features of several diseases and metabolic abnormalities. Insulin resistance, obesity and hypertension are considered risk factors. Alterations in lipid, glucose and cholesterol metabolic pathways, among others, can contribute to the multifactorial metabolic syndrome and the conditions associated with it.
PMID:16932765
PubMed:2004,_v._17,_38047
A possible subset of the metabolic syndrome, characterized by features such as hypertriglyceridemia, age-dependent changes in plasma total cholesterol, overproduction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Several metabolic and possibly other pathways deviate from their normal functioning.
pathway
FCHL
PW:0000175
familial combined hyperlipidemia pathway
A possible subset of the metabolic syndrome, characterized by features such as hypertriglyceridemia, age-dependent changes in plasma total cholesterol, overproduction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Several metabolic and possibly other pathways deviate from their normal functioning.
PubMed:2004,_v.17,_38-47.
A range of conditions with various manifestations associated with disruptions of several pathways, primarily those revolving around glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling. Organs and tissues affected include the kidney, eye, cardiovascular system and nerve tissue.
diabetes pathway
pathway
PW:0000176
diabetes mellitus pathway
A range of conditions with various manifestations associated with disruptions of several pathways, primarily those revolving around glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling. Organs and tissues affected include the kidney, eye, cardiovascular system and nerve tissue.
MeSH:D048909
Reactome:REACT_15380.1
A common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end stage renal diseases affecting a number of pathways, particularly the thiol and anti-oxidant pathways.
pathway
PW:0000177
diabetic nephropathy pathway
A common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end stage renal diseases affecting a number of pathways, particularly the thiol and anti-oxidant pathways.
InPress:Manuscript
Neurological disorders are a group of disorders that involve the central nervous system (brain, brainstem and cerebellum), the peripheral nervous system (including cranial nerves), and the autonomic nervous system (parts of which are located in both the central and peripheral nervous systems). Major branches are headache, stupor and coma, dementia, seizure, sleep disorders, trauma, infections, neoplasms, neuro-ophthalmologic diseases, movement disorders, demyelinating diseases, spinal cord disorders, and disorders of peripheral nerves, muscle and neuromuscular junctions. Many mental illnesses are believed to be neurological disorders of the central nervous system, but they are classified separately. They are not traditionally listed as neurological diseases because their causes are not definitely determined as biological, although there are good reasons to suspect that bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have neuro-chemical causes.
neurological disorder disease pathway
pathway
PW:0000178
neurological disorder pathway
Neurological disorders are a group of disorders that involve the central nervous system (brain, brainstem and cerebellum), the peripheral nervous system (including cranial nerves), and the autonomic nervous system (parts of which are located in both the central and peripheral nervous systems). Major branches are headache, stupor and coma, dementia, seizure, sleep disorders, trauma, infections, neoplasms, neuro-ophthalmologic diseases, movement disorders, demyelinating diseases, spinal cord disorders, and disorders of peripheral nerves, muscle and neuromuscular junctions. Many mental illnesses are believed to be neurological disorders of the central nervous system, but they are classified separately. They are not traditionally listed as neurological diseases because their causes are not definitely determined as biological, although there are good reasons to suspect that bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have neuro-chemical causes.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
An autosomal dominant condition that often leads to seizure and other neurological symptoms and that may be linked to deregulations in the mTOR signaling pathway.
pathway
TSC
PW:0000179
tuberous sclerosis complex disease pathway
An autosomal dominant condition that often leads to seizure and other neurological symptoms and that may be linked to deregulations in the mTOR signaling pathway.
PubMed:2004,_v.29(1),_32-38.
The mTOR signaling pathway regulates cellular processes such as translation, ribosome biogenesis, cell growth and autophagy and is regulated by or responds to growth factors, energy metabolites and/or levels of nutrients.
pathway
MTOR signalling
TOR signaling
PW:0000180
mTOR signaling pathway
The mTOR signaling pathway regulates cellular processes such as translation, ribosome biogenesis, cell growth and autophagy and is regulated by or responds to growth factors, energy metabolites and/or levels of nutrients.
GO:0031929
KEGG:map04150
PID:200096
PubMed:TIBS,_2004,_v._29(1),_32-38.
Reactome:R-HSA-165159
Those pathways that are involved in or mediate how protein fold or are maintained in a particular folding state, are sorted for translocation or degradation, are modified to regulate their function or to target them for degradation and finally, are degraded.
pathway
PW:0000181
pathway pertinent to protein folding, sorting, modification, translocation and degradation
Those pathways that are involved in or mediate how protein fold or are maintained in a particular folding state, are sorted for translocation or degradation, are modified to regulate their function or to target them for degradation and finally, are degraded.
InHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
A protein degradation pathway that involves proteases residing in lysosomes and exhibiting optimal activity at an acidic pH (e.g., cathepsins).
pathway
PW:0000182
lysosomes based pathway of protein degradation
A protein degradation pathway that involves proteases residing in lysosomes and exhibiting optimal activity at an acidic pH (e.g., cathepsins).
PubMed:2003,_v._285,_f1-f8.
A protein degradation pathway that involves calcium-dependent proteases (e.g., calpains) ,
pathway
PW:0000183
the proteolytic pathway involving calcium-dependent proteases
A protein degradation pathway that involves calcium-dependent proteases (e.g., calpains) ,
PubMed:2003,_v._285,_f1-f8.
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of terpenoids. The terpenoids, sometimes referred to as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally-occurring chemicals. Terpenoids are derived from five-carbon isoprene units and are assembled and modified in manifold ways. They are classified according to the number of isoprene units. The mevalonate pathway and the non-mevalonate MEP/DOXP pathway are the two biosynthetic routes. The first can branch into non-sterol and sterol-producing compounds. The second is only found in plants.
pathway
terpenoid biosynthetic process
PW:0000184
terpenoid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of terpenoids. The terpenoids, sometimes referred to as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally-occurring chemicals. Terpenoids are derived from five-carbon isoprene units and are assembled and modified in manifold ways. They are classified according to the number of isoprene units. The mevalonate pathway and the non-mevalonate MEP/DOXP pathway are the two biosynthetic routes. The first can branch into non-sterol and sterol-producing compounds. The second is only found in plants.
GO:0016114
KEGG:map00900
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of limonene - an essential oil, a monocyclic terpene, found in the peel of oranges and lemons, and pinene - a terpene found in turpentine and many essential oils, used as a solvent and in the manufacture of camphor, insecticides, and synthetic pine oil.
pathway
PW:0000185
limonene and pinene degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of limonene - an essential oil, a monocyclic terpene, found in the peel of oranges and lemons, and pinene - a terpene found in turpentine and many essential oils, used as a solvent and in the manufacture of camphor, insecticides, and synthetic pine oil.
KEGG:map00903
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of streptomycin - the first of the aminoglycoside antibiotics to be isolated, derived from Streptomyces griseus; it is effective against a wide variety of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and some gram-positive bacteria, including mycobacteria. Its use is now limited because of the emergence of resistant strains.
pathway
streptomycin biosynthetic process
PW:0000186
streptomycin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of streptomycin - the first of the aminoglycoside antibiotics to be isolated, derived from Streptomyces griseus; it is effective against a wide variety of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and some gram-positive bacteria, including mycobacteria. Its use is now limited because of the emergence of resistant strains.
GO:0019872
KEGG:map00521
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of erythromycin - an intermediate spectrum macrolide (a chemical compound characterized by a large lactone ring containing multiple keto and hydroxyl groups) antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus, effective against most gram-positive and certain gram-negative bacteria, such as Neisseria species and Haemophilus influenzae, and against spirochetes, some rickettsias, and Entamoeba; it is also highly effective against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It is used especially in patients allergic to penicillin and in those with penicillin-resistant infections and Legionnaires' disease; administered orally or topically.
pathway
erythromycin biosynthetic process
PW:0000187
erythromycin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of erythromycin - an intermediate spectrum macrolide (a chemical compound characterized by a large lactone ring containing multiple keto and hydroxyl groups) antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus, effective against most gram-positive and certain gram-negative bacteria, such as Neisseria species and Haemophilus influenzae, and against spirochetes, some rickettsias, and Entamoeba; it is also highly effective against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It is used especially in patients allergic to penicillin and in those with penicillin-resistant infections and Legionnaires' disease; administered orally or topically.
GO:1901115
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The series or metabolic reactions involved in the interconversions of the monosaccharide pentose and glucuronate, the salts or esters of glucuronic acid, as depicted in the KEGG diagram.
pathway
KEGG:00040
PW:0000188
pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway
The series or metabolic reactions involved in the interconversions of the monosaccharide pentose and glucuronate, the salts or esters of glucuronic acid, as depicted in the KEGG diagram.
KEGG:map00040
http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/pathway/map/map00040.html
Folate mediated one-carbon metabolism represents the one-carbon transfer reactions important for de novo purine and thymidylate biosynthesis and for the remethylation of methionine in the methionine cycle and homocysteine metabolism. The methionine cycle also produces the major methyl donor for proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other small molecules. The folate mediated one-carbon transfer and the folate cycle pathways are part of folate metabolism.
pathway
KEGG:00670
PW:0000189
folate mediated one-carbon metabolic pathway
Folate mediated one-carbon metabolism represents the one-carbon transfer reactions important for de novo purine and thymidylate biosynthesis and for the remethylation of methionine in the methionine cycle and homocysteine metabolism. The methionine cycle also produces the major methyl donor for proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other small molecules. The folate mediated one-carbon transfer and the folate cycle pathways are part of folate metabolism.
PMID:11001804
PMID:15166809
PMID:15298442
Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of porphyrin - any of a group of compounds containing the porphyrin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges in a cyclic configuration, to which a variety of side chains may be attached - and chlorophyll - any of a group of green magnesium-containing porphyrin derivatives occurring in all photosynthetic organisms.
pathway
KEGG:00860
PW:0000190
porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolic pathway
Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of porphyrin - any of a group of compounds containing the porphyrin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges in a cyclic configuration, to which a variety of side chains may be attached - and chlorophyll - any of a group of green magnesium-containing porphyrin derivatives occurring in all photosynthetic organisms.
KEGG:map00860
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of keratan sulfate - a glycosaminoglycan found in the cornea, in cartilage, and in the nucleus pulposus and also as the accumulation product in Morquio's syndrome. It consists of repeating disaccharide units in specific linkage, each composed of a sulfated N-acetylglucosamine residue linked to one of galactose, which is usually sulfated. There are two forms, keratan sulfate I and keratan sulfate II, which differ in carbohydrate content and localization; the former occurs in the cornea and the latter in skeletal tissues.
pathway
Keratan sulfate biosynthesis
keratan sulfate biosynthetic process
PW:0000191
keratan sulfate biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of keratan sulfate - a glycosaminoglycan found in the cornea, in cartilage, and in the nucleus pulposus and also as the accumulation product in Morquio's syndrome. It consists of repeating disaccharide units in specific linkage, each composed of a sulfated N-acetylglucosamine residue linked to one of galactose, which is usually sulfated. There are two forms, keratan sulfate I and keratan sulfate II, which differ in carbohydrate content and localization; the former occurs in the cornea and the latter in skeletal tissues.
GO:0018146
KEGG:map00533
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-2022854
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of N-linked glycans. A 14 residue sugar is first built on a dolichol carrier and then attached to the amide group of an asparagine of a nascent polypeptide chain. The asparagine is in a specific amino acid sequence. Subsequent processing involves removal as well as addition of various sugars and produces a wide range of N-glycan structures.
pathway
KEGG:00510
PW:0000192
N-linked glycan biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of N-linked glycans. A 14 residue sugar is first built on a dolichol carrier and then attached to the amide group of an asparagine of a nascent polypeptide chain. The asparagine is in a specific amino acid sequence. Subsequent processing involves removal as well as addition of various sugars and produces a wide range of N-glycan structures.
KEGG:map00510
MCW_Libraries:QU4_V876f_2008
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of N-Glycans. N-Glycans are found attached to the R-group nitrogen of asparagine.
pathway
PW:0000193
N-Glycan degradation pathway
true
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of N-Glycans. N-Glycans are found attached to the R-group nitrogen of asparagine.
XPW_InHouse_Dictionary:InHouse_Dictionary
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of O-linked glycans. Sugars are serially added to a fully synthesized polypeptide chain. The initial step involves the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine to the carboxy group of a serine or threonine. The location of the residue appears to be dictated by structure rather than amino acid signature.
pathway
KEGG:00512
KEGG:00514
PW:0000194
O-linked glycan biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of O-linked glycans. Sugars are serially added to a fully synthesized polypeptide chain. The initial step involves the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine to the carboxy group of a serine or threonine. The location of the residue appears to be dictated by structure rather than amino acid signature.
KEGG:map00512
MCW_Libraries:QU4_V876f
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin. Chondroitin is a mucopolysaccharide occurring in sulfated form in various animal tissues (such as cartilage).
pathway
Chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis
chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process
PW:0000195
chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin. Chondroitin is a mucopolysaccharide occurring in sulfated form in various animal tissues (such as cartilage).
GO:0030206
KEGG:map00532
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-2022870
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of globosides - glycosphingolipids containing acetylated amino sugars and simple hexoses.
pathway
globoside metabolic process
PW:0000196
globoside metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of globosides - glycosphingolipids containing acetylated amino sugars and simple hexoses.
GO:0001575
KEGG:00603
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of sphingolipids - important components of animal and plant membranes. They contain a long chain amino alcohol and a ceramide core. Ceramides are also the precursors of glycolipids, also referred to as glycosphingolipids, which have attached sugar(s).
pathway
Sphingolipid metabolism
sphingolipid metabolic process
PW:0000197
sphingolipid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of sphingolipids - important components of animal and plant membranes. They contain a long chain amino alcohol and a ceramide core. Ceramides are also the precursors of glycolipids, also referred to as glycosphingolipids, which have attached sugar(s).
GO:0006665
KEGG:00600
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:17976918
Reactome:R-HSA-428157
SMP:00034
A SAPK MAPK pathway that plays an important role in inflammation and may be involved in several forms of cancer.
pathway
p38MAPK events
PW:0000198
p38 MAPK signaling pathway
A SAPK MAPK pathway that plays an important role in inflammation and may be involved in several forms of cancer.
GO:0051403
KEGG:map04010
PID:200018
PMID:14570565
PMID:15102355
Reactome:R-HSA-171007
A Wnt mediated pathway that is involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and motility.
pathway
Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
the Wnt/Ca(II) pathway
PW:0000199
the Wnt/calcium signaling pathway
A Wnt mediated pathway that is involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and motility.
GO:0007223
KEGG:map04310
PMID:10858654
PMID:12573432
The planar cell polarity (PCP) Wnt signaling pathway plays an essential role in morphogenesis through the regulation of tissues patterning.
pathway
PCP Wnt signaling pathway
Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
PW:0000200
Wnt signaling, the planar cell polarity pathway
The planar cell polarity (PCP) Wnt signaling pathway plays an essential role in morphogenesis through the regulation of tissues patterning.
GO:0060071
KEGG:map04310
PMID:12573432
PMID:16765615
The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in many developmental processes. In the conventional or canonical Wnt pathway, beta-catenin is a central component required for the transcriptional control of Wnt signaling target genes.
pathway
beta-catenin dependent Wnt signaling pathway
canonical Wnt signaling pathway
PW:0000201
Wnt signaling, canonical pathway
The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in many developmental processes. In the conventional or canonical Wnt pathway, beta-catenin is a central component required for the transcriptional control of Wnt signaling target genes.
GO:0060070
KEGG:map04310
PID:200077
PMID:12573432
PMID:15001769
PMID:18432252
Reactome:REACT_11045.1
A specific pathway for repair of double-strand breaks. It is involved in repair of breaks induced by damaging agents or generated during meiotic recombination.
HR pathway of double-strand break repair
pathway
Homology Directed Repair
double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
homology-directed repair pathway
PW:0000202
homologous recombination pathway of double-strand break repair
A specific pathway for repair of double-strand breaks. It is involved in repair of breaks induced by damaging agents or generated during meiotic recombination.
GO:0000724
KEGG:03440
PMID:24326623
Reactome:R-HSA-5693538
A specific pathway for repair of double-strand breaks. Possibly constitutive, it is the most important pathway in mammalian cells and plays an important role in mitotically replicating cells.
pathway
NHEJ pathway of double-strand break repair
Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ)
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
PW:0000203
non-homologous end joining pathway of double-strand break repair
A specific pathway for repair of double-strand breaks. Possibly constitutive, it is the most important pathway in mammalian cells and plays an important role in mitotically replicating cells.
GO:0006303
PMID:12947387
Reactome:R-HSA-5693571
The Notch signaling pathway regulates processes involved in early embryonic development. It plays an important role in cell fate determination. Target genes of Notch have been implicated in angiogenesis, somitogenesis and gliogenesis. Deregulation of the Notch signaling pathway underlies a broad spectrum of diseases and clinical conditions.
pathway
Signaling by NOTCH
PW:0000204
Notch signaling pathway
The Notch signaling pathway regulates processes involved in early embryonic development. It plays an important role in cell fate determination. Target genes of Notch have been implicated in angiogenesis, somitogenesis and gliogenesis. Deregulation of the Notch signaling pathway underlies a broad spectrum of diseases and clinical conditions.
GO:0007219
KEGG:map04330
PID:200015
PubMed:Several_articles_in_PubMed
Reactome:R-HSA-157118
Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is caused by an expanded trinucleotide repeat in the atrophin-1 (ATN1) gene. A rather rare condition, it can be juvenile-, early adult- or late adult-onset.
dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy disease pathway
pathway
DRPLA disease pathway
PW:0000205
dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy pathway
Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is caused by an expanded trinucleotide repeat in the atrophin-1 (ATN1) gene. A rather rare condition, it can be juvenile-, early adult- or late adult-onset.
PMID:21577324
PMID:21827919
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway regulates numerous cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell death. The SMAD-dependent pathway represents the core signaling cascade mediated by the TGF-beta superfamily. Mutations in the TGF-beta family are responsible for a number of human diseases.
pathway
Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000206
transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway regulates numerous cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell death. The SMAD-dependent pathway represents the core signaling cascade mediated by the TGF-beta superfamily. Mutations in the TGF-beta family are responsible for a number of human diseases.
GO:0007179
PMID:15130563
PMID:16678165
PubMed:TIBS,_2004,_v29_(5),_p265-273
Reactome:R-HSA-170834
pathway
PW:0000207
central obesity with hypertension pathway
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Hereditary and environmental factors are likely contributors but the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by insulin resistance, involves alterations in insulin secretion and signaling and impaired glucose homeostasis pathways.
NIDDM pathway
T2D pathway
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus pathway
pathway
KEGG:04930
type II diabetes mellitus pathway
PW:0000208
type 2 diabetes mellitus pathway
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Hereditary and environmental factors are likely contributors but the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by insulin resistance, involves alterations in insulin secretion and signaling and impaired glucose homeostasis pathways.
KEGG:map04930
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The Jak-Stat pathway is a main intracellular cascade initiated primarily in response to cytokine and also other ligand signaling. Four Janus kinases (Jak) and seven signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) families of proteins mediate the action of almost 40 cytokine receptors, including the receptor for leptin. Combinations between four Jak(s) and seven Stat(s) shape the outcome of ligand- triggered signaling through the various receptors.
pathway
receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
PW:0000209
Jak-Stat signaling pathway
The Jak-Stat pathway is a main intracellular cascade initiated primarily in response to cytokine and also other ligand signaling. Four Janus kinases (Jak) and seven signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) families of proteins mediate the action of almost 40 cytokine receptors, including the receptor for leptin. Combinations between four Jak(s) and seven Stat(s) shape the outcome of ligand- triggered signaling through the various receptors.
GO:0007259
KEGG:map04630
MCW_library:Handbook_of_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
PMID:12039028
PMID:14668806
PMID:14737178
PMID:17312100
The core intracellular signaling cascade mediated by the TGF-beta superfamily. SMAD proteins function by carrying signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. There are eight vertebrate SMAD proteins and they are activated by two types of TGF-beta receptors in response to TGF cytokines binding.There are two known SMAD-dependent TGF-beta signaling pathways. SMAP pathways can also be activated via NGF signalign pathways
pathway
PW:0000210
SMAD dependent signaling pathways
true
The core intracellular signaling cascade mediated by the TGF-beta superfamily. SMAD proteins function by carrying signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. There are eight vertebrate SMAD proteins and they are activated by two types of TGF-beta receptors in response to TGF cytokines binding.There are two known SMAD-dependent TGF-beta signaling pathways. SMAP pathways can also be activated via NGF signalign pathways
PMID:14534577
PMID:15009204
PubMed:Science,_2002,_v296,_p1564-7
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of biogenic amines and polyamines. Important biogenic amines are histamine, serotonin and the catecholamines. Spermidine and spermine are examples of important polyamines.
pathway
PW:0000211
biogenic amines and polyamines metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of biogenic amines and polyamines. Important biogenic amines are histamine, serotonin and the catecholamines. Spermidine and spermine are examples of important polyamines.
GO:0006595
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:12641342
Reactome:REACT_14820.1
Choline metabolism is important for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in mammalian cells. Its oxidation results in the production of betaine, an important methyl donor. In the brain, it is converted to the powerful neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
pathway
SMP:00123
PW:0000212
choline metabolic pathway
Choline metabolism is important for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in mammalian cells. Its oxidation results in the production of betaine, an important methyl donor. In the brain, it is converted to the powerful neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
PMID:18204095
RNA polymerase IV transcription pathway is found in plants and is involved in the synthesis of small interfering RNA (siRNA).
pathway
PW:0000213
RNA polymerase IV transcription pathway
RNA polymerase IV transcription pathway is found in plants and is involved in the synthesis of small interfering RNA (siRNA).
PMID:15692015
Polyamines play important roles in cell growth, proliferation and survival. They can be derived from diet as well as via cellular- and intestinal flora-mediated biosynthesis.
pathway
Metabolism of polyamines
polyamine metabolic process
PW:0000214
polyamine metabolic pathway
Polyamines play important roles in cell growth, proliferation and survival. They can be derived from diet as well as via cellular- and intestinal flora-mediated biosynthesis.
GO:0006595
PMID:19603518
Reactome:R-HSA-351202
RNA polymerase V transcription pathway operates in plants and plays a role in heterochromatin formation.
pathway
PW:0000215
RNA polymerase V transcription pathway
RNA polymerase V transcription pathway operates in plants and plays a role in heterochromatin formation.
PMID:19377477
Polyamine metabolism plays important roles in a number of cellular processes. Spermidine and spermine are formed in two consecutive reactions carried out by distinct enzymes that employ the decarboxylated form of AdoMet as an aminopropyl donor.
pathway
spermine metabolic process
PW:0000216
spermine metabolic pathway
Polyamine metabolism plays important roles in a number of cellular processes. Spermidine and spermine are formed in two consecutive reactions carried out by distinct enzymes that employ the decarboxylated form of AdoMet as an aminopropyl donor.
GO:0008215
PMID:19603518
SMP:00445
Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor for amino acid hydroxylases involved in the synthesis of several neurotransmitters. It can be synthesized de novo from guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or recycled via a regeneration pathway.
BH4 metabolic pathway
pathway
tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process
PW:0000217
tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic pathway
Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor for amino acid hydroxylases involved in the synthesis of several neurotransmitters. It can be synthesized de novo from guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or recycled via a regeneration pathway.
GO:0046146
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrobiopterin
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of heme - an iron-containing compound where the iron is complexed within a porphyrin heterocyclic ring. There are several kinds of heme depending on the composition of their side chain. Heme serves as a prosthetic group for several classes of proteins that include hemoglobin and myoglobin, cytochromes, peroxidases, catalases and others.
pathway
Heme biosynthesis
heme biosynthetic process
PW:0000218
heme biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of heme - an iron-containing compound where the iron is complexed within a porphyrin heterocyclic ring. There are several kinds of heme depending on the composition of their side chain. Heme serves as a prosthetic group for several classes of proteins that include hemoglobin and myoglobin, cytochromes, peroxidases, catalases and others.
GO:0006783
PMID:26785297
Reactome:R-HSA-189451
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD can be synthesized de novo downstream of kynurenine metabolism of tryptophan degradation, or from precursors such as nicotinamide, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide riboside, collectively known as vitamin B3 or niacin.
NAD biosynthetic pathway
pathway
NAD biosynthetic process
PW:0000219
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD can be synthesized de novo downstream of kynurenine metabolism of tryptophan degradation, or from precursors such as nicotinamide, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide riboside, collectively known as vitamin B3 or niacin.
GO:0009435
PMID:18020963
PMID:20007326
PMID:26785480
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of pyridine nucleotides, nucleotides with a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
pathway
pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process
PW:0000220
pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of pyridine nucleotides, nucleotides with a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
GO:0019363
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of heme - an iron-containing compound where the iron is complexed within a porphyrin heterocyclic ring.
pathway
heme metabolic process
PW:0000221
heme metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of heme - an iron-containing compound where the iron is complexed within a porphyrin heterocyclic ring.
GO:0042168
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heme
pathway
PW:0000222
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthetic pathway
true
pathway
PW:0000223
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic pathway
true
Those metabolic reactions leading to the decomposition of N-acetylglucosamine - an acetylated amino sugar that is an important moiety of glycoproteins, N-acetylmannosamine - the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid - the most common form of sialic acid in mammals.
pathway
PW:0000224
N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmannosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid dissimilation pathway
Those metabolic reactions leading to the decomposition of N-acetylglucosamine - an acetylated amino sugar that is an important moiety of glycoproteins, N-acetylmannosamine - the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid - the most common form of sialic acid in mammals.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of citrulline. Citrulline, not a DNA-coded amino acid, is a product in the urea cycle.
pathway
citrulline catabolic process
PW:0000225
citrulline degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of citrulline. Citrulline, not a DNA-coded amino acid, is a product in the urea cycle.
GO:0019241
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Putrescine, spermidine and spermine are the only polyamines synthesized in mammalian cells. Putrescine, derived from L-ornithine, an important component of the urea cycle, is the substrate for the formation of spermidine, which is in turn the substrate for spermine formation.
pathway
putrescine metabolic process
PW:0000226
putrescine metabolic pathway
Putrescine, spermidine and spermine are the only polyamines synthesized in mammalian cells. Putrescine, derived from L-ornithine, an important component of the urea cycle, is the substrate for the formation of spermidine, which is in turn the substrate for spermine formation.
GO:0009445
PMID:19603518
Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpa/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors.
pathway
PW:0000227
G protein mediated signaling pathway via Galphas family
Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpa/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors.
PMID:12040175
PMID:15747061
Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpha/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors.
pathway
PW:0000228
G protein mediated signaling pathway via Galphai family
Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpha/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors.
PMID:12040175
PMID:15747061
Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpha/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors.
pathway
PW:0000229
G protein mediated signaling pathway via Galphaq family
Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpha/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors.
PMID:12040175
PMID:15747061
Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpa/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors.
pathway
PW:0000230
G protein mediated signaling pathway via Galpha12/Galpha13 family
Based on sequence similarity, the Galpha genes have been grouped into four classes. Exchange of GDP to GTP promoted through binding to receptors dissociates the heterotrimeric Galpa/beta/gamma complex. GTP-bound Galpha can then interact with downstream effectors. Lipid modification of Galpha regulates membrane localization and interactions with specific effectors.
PMID:12040175
PMID:15747061
A very close relative of Ras, Rap1 mediated pathway appears to control diverse processes such as modulation of growth and differentiation, secretion, integrin linked cell adhesion, morphogenesis.
pathway
PW:0000231
Rap1 pathways
true
A very close relative of Ras, Rap1 mediated pathway appears to control diverse processes such as modulation of growth and differentiation, secretion, integrin linked cell adhesion, morphogenesis.
PubMed:Nature_Reviews,_Mol._Cell_Biology,_2001,_v2,_p369-77.
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway, involving PI3K class I enzymes, particularly class IA, controls various processes such as cell growth, proliferation and survival. Class IA enzymes couple to receptor tyrosine kinases or their adaptors; class IB couple to G-protein-coupled receptors mainly via Galphai. Members of the Akt family of protein kinases are activated downstream of class I PI3Ks and collectively (Akt1, 2, and 3) phosphorylate more than 70 cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates. Deregulation of the pathway has been linked to various forms of cancer.
pathway
PI3K Cascade
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
PI3K/AKT Signaling
phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway
PW:0000232
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway, involving PI3K class I enzymes, particularly class IA, controls various processes such as cell growth, proliferation and survival. Class IA enzymes couple to receptor tyrosine kinases or their adaptors; class IB couple to G-protein-coupled receptors mainly via Galphai. Members of the Akt family of protein kinases are activated downstream of class I PI3Ks and collectively (Akt1, 2, and 3) phosphorylate more than 70 cytoplasmic and nuclear substrates. Deregulation of the pathway has been linked to various forms of cancer.
KEGG:04151
PID:200197
PMID:14737178
PMID:15023437
PMID:15143962
Reactome:R-HSA-109704
Tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) signaling plays pivotal roles in immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by activating several pathways. NF-kB is a major pathway activated by Tnf; others include JNK and P38 MAPK. Through receptor-associated adapters, Tnf elicits apoptosis via the extrinsic pathway. Deregulation of Tnf signaling has been implicated in a great number of human diseases - cerebral malaria, cancer and multiple sclerosis are a few examples.
pathway
TNF signaling
TNF signaling pathway
TNFalpha signaling pathway
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000233
tumor necrosis factor mediated signaling pathway
Tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) signaling plays pivotal roles in immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by activating several pathways. NF-kB is a major pathway activated by Tnf; others include JNK and P38 MAPK. Through receptor-associated adapters, Tnf elicits apoptosis via the extrinsic pathway. Deregulation of Tnf signaling has been implicated in a great number of human diseases - cerebral malaria, cancer and multiple sclerosis are a few examples.
GO:0033209
PID:200102
PMID:12040173
PMID:12655295
PMID:20303867
Reactome:R-HSA-75893
The innate immune response - a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection - is a first line of response to various pathogens and also to damaged cells. It plays a role in stimulating adaptive immunity; molecules generated during innate responses act as second signals that can impact on both the magnitude and the nature of the adaptive response.
pathway
Innate Immune System
innate immune response
PW:0000234
innate immune response pathway
The innate immune response - a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection - is a first line of response to various pathogens and also to damaged cells. It plays a role in stimulating adaptive immunity; molecules generated during innate responses act as second signals that can impact on both the magnitude and the nature of the adaptive response.
GO:0045087
PMID:11861602
PMID:20303867
Reactome:R-HSA-168249
The adaptive immune response is an evolutionarily newer mechanism that provides great specificity and diversity of antigen recognition, immunological memory and specialized responses. The two types of adaptive immune response pathways are humoral and cellular or cell-mediated.
pathway
Adaptive Immune System
adaptive immune response
PW:0000235
adaptive immune response pathway
The adaptive immune response is an evolutionarily newer mechanism that provides great specificity and diversity of antigen recognition, immunological memory and specialized responses. The two types of adaptive immune response pathways are humoral and cellular or cell-mediated.
GO:0002250
MCW_library:Handbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
PMID:11861602
Reactome:R-HSA-1280218
Members of TNF superfamily mediate autoimmunity and inflammation, cell proliferation, survival and/or apoptosis through a number of signaling mechanisms that involve activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, of caspases and/or of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). TNF superfamily has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases including tumorigenesis, septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis and other conditions.
pathway
TNF superfamily mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000236
tumor necrosis factor superfamily mediated signaling pathway
Members of TNF superfamily mediate autoimmunity and inflammation, cell proliferation, survival and/or apoptosis through a number of signaling mechanisms that involve activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, of caspases and/or of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). TNF superfamily has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases including tumorigenesis, septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis and other conditions.
PMID:11239407
PMID:11796220
PMID:14555214
The pathway(s) elicited as a physiological response to various types of insults, injuries, shocks and other situations the organism perceives as threatening.
pathway
PW:0000237
stress response pathway
The pathway(s) elicited as a physiological response to various types of insults, injuries, shocks and other situations the organism perceives as threatening.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/stress+response
Insulin-like growth factor signaling plays important roles in cell growth and proliferation. Produced primarily by the liver in response to stimulation by growth hormone (GH), the proteins activate cognate receptors to prompt intracellular signaling pathways and cell growth in a variety of tissues. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with various conditions, including cancer.
pathway
insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000238
insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway
Insulin-like growth factor signaling plays important roles in cell growth and proliferation. Produced primarily by the liver in response to stimulation by growth hormone (GH), the proteins activate cognate receptors to prompt intracellular signaling pathways and cell growth in a variety of tissues. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with various conditions, including cancer.
GO:0048009
PID:200100
PMID:12169433
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Hereditary and environmental factors are likely contributors but the exact mechanisms are not well understood. The type 1 diabetes mellitus pathway involves alterations in immune response pathways resulting in destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells.
IDDM pathway
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus pathway
pathway
KEGG:04940
type I diabetes mellitus pathway
PW:0000239
type 1 diabetes mellitus pathway
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Hereditary and environmental factors are likely contributors but the exact mechanisms are not well understood. The type 1 diabetes mellitus pathway involves alterations in immune response pathways resulting in destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells.
KEGG:map04940
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Neuropsychiatric diseases are mental disorders due to various defects in the working of the nervous system.
pathway
mental disorder pathway
PW:0000240
neuropsychiatric disease pathway
Neuropsychiatric diseases are mental disorders due to various defects in the working of the nervous system.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropsychiatry
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness variously affecting behavior, thinking, and emotion. The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek words schizo, (split or divide) and phrenos, (mind) and is best translated as 'shattered mind'.
pathway
PW:0000241
schizophrenia pathway
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness variously affecting behavior, thinking, and emotion. The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek words schizo, (split or divide) and phrenos, (mind) and is best translated as 'shattered mind'.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
As categorized by the DSM-IV, bipolar disorder is a form of mood disorder characterized by a variation of mood between a phase of manic or hypomanic elation, hyperactivity and hyper imagination, and a depressive phase of inhibition, slowness to conceive ideas and move, and anxiety or sadness. Together these form what is commonly known as manic depression. Manic depression, with its two principal sub-types, bipolar disorder and major depression, was first clinically described near the end of the 19th century by psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, who published his account of the disease in his Textbook of Psychiatry. DSM-IV is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the handbook used most often in diagnosing mental disorders in the United States and other countries.
pathway
PW:0000242
bipolar disorder pathway
As categorized by the DSM-IV, bipolar disorder is a form of mood disorder characterized by a variation of mood between a phase of manic or hypomanic elation, hyperactivity and hyper imagination, and a depressive phase of inhibition, slowness to conceive ideas and move, and anxiety or sadness. Together these form what is commonly known as manic depression. Manic depression, with its two principal sub-types, bipolar disorder and major depression, was first clinically described near the end of the 19th century by psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, who published his account of the disease in his Textbook of Psychiatry. DSM-IV is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the handbook used most often in diagnosing mental disorders in the United States and other countries.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The VEGF family plays key roles in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Through their receptors, VEGFs can initiate a diverse and complex network of signaling cascades. Deregulation of VEGF-mediated pathways, mostly through upregulation of VEGF expression, has been implicated in a number of conditions, primarily cancer.
pathway
Signaling by VEGF
VEGF signaling pathways
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000243
vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
The VEGF family plays key roles in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Through their receptors, VEGFs can initiate a diverse and complex network of signaling cascades. Deregulation of VEGF-mediated pathways, mostly through upregulation of VEGF expression, has been implicated in a number of conditions, primarily cancer.
GO:0048010
KEGG:map04370
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PID:200109
PID:200188
PMID:15544039
PMID:15563310
Reactome:R-HSA-194138
Angiotensin II signaling pathways play a critical role in the control of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. Angiotensin II pathway can also contribute to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart failure.
pathway
PW:0000244
angiotensin II signaling pathway
Angiotensin II signaling pathways play a critical role in the control of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. Angiotensin II pathway can also contribute to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart failure.
PMID:15638741
PMID:15883759
Angiotensin peptides Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV and Ang (1-7) generated from a single precursor protein - angiotensinogen - regulate an array of physiological and pathophysiological processes.
pathway
PW:0000245
angiotensin signaling pathway
Angiotensin peptides Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV and Ang (1-7) generated from a single precursor protein - angiotensinogen - regulate an array of physiological and pathophysiological processes.
PMID:12676163
PMID:12676165
PMID:15638741
The Rheb family of proteins plays an essential role in the regulation of cell growth and cell cycle. Rheb could be a mediator of the mTOR signaling pathway. The results have been shown for Drosophila but remained to be established for mammals.
pathway
PW:0000246
Rheb mediated signaling pathway
The Rheb family of proteins plays an essential role in the regulation of cell growth and cell cycle. Rheb could be a mediator of the mTOR signaling pathway. The results have been shown for Drosophila but remained to be established for mammals.
PMID:15240005
TGF-beta can activate signaling cascades other than the Smad-mediated ones, including MAPK pathways such as Erk, p38 and JNK. The mechanisms of MAPK pathway activation by TGF-beta are not well understood.
pathway
TGF-beta Smad independent signaling pathway
PW:0000247
transforming growth factor-beta Smad independent signaling pathway
TGF-beta can activate signaling cascades other than the Smad-mediated ones, including MAPK pathways such as Erk, p38 and JNK. The mechanisms of MAPK pathway activation by TGF-beta are not well understood.
PMID:14534577
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of isoprenoids or terpenoids - a large class of organic biomolecules. Isoprenoids are precursors of sterols such as cholesterol and its derivatives and also of non-sterol molecules, many of which are used in the post-translational modification of proteins. Plant isoprenoids are among the most commonly found and have a broad range of uses and applications in plants and beyond.
pathway
isoprenoid metabolic process
terpenoid metabolic pathway
PW:0000248
isoprenoid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of isoprenoids or terpenoids - a large class of organic biomolecules. Isoprenoids are precursors of sterols such as cholesterol and its derivatives and also of non-sterol molecules, many of which are used in the post-translational modification of proteins. Plant isoprenoids are among the most commonly found and have a broad range of uses and applications in plants and beyond.
GO:0006720
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
PMID:20015036
PMID:21746700
PMID:22442388
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides, also known as lipoglycans, found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. They are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond. In host cells they act as endotoxins which are recognized by members of the Toll-like receptors to elicit strong immune responses.
pathway
LPS biosynthetic pathway
lipoglycan biosynthetic pathway
lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process
PW:0000249
lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides, also known as lipoglycans, found in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. They are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond. In host cells they act as endotoxins which are recognized by members of the Toll-like receptors to elicit strong immune responses.
GO:0009103
KEGG:map00540
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan - a high molecular weight polymer that forms the tough, rigid structure of bacterial cell walls. It is made up of three parts: (1) a backbone, composed of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid; (2) a set of identical tetrapeptide side-chains attached to N-acetylmuramic acid; and (3) a set of identical peptide cross-bridges. The backbone is the same in all bacterial species; however, the tetrapeptide side-chains and the peptide cross-bridges vary from species to species.
pathway
murein biosynthetic pathway
peptidoglycan biosynthetic process
PW:0000250
peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan - a high molecular weight polymer that forms the tough, rigid structure of bacterial cell walls. It is made up of three parts: (1) a backbone, composed of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid; (2) a set of identical tetrapeptide side-chains attached to N-acetylmuramic acid; and (3) a set of identical peptide cross-bridges. The backbone is the same in all bacterial species; however, the tetrapeptide side-chains and the peptide cross-bridges vary from species to species.
GO:0009252
KEGG:map00550
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of diterpenoids. Terpenoids are a large class of naturally-occurring organic chemicals. They are derived from five-carbon units and are modifed in manifold ways.
pathway
diterpenoid biosynthetic process
PW:0000251
diterpenoid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of diterpenoids. Terpenoids are a large class of naturally-occurring organic chemicals. They are derived from five-carbon units and are modifed in manifold ways.
GO:0016102
KEGG:map00904
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of monoterpenoid. Terpenoids are a large class of naturally-occurring organic chemicals. They are derived from five-carbon units and are modifed in manifold ways.
pathway
PW:0000252
monoterpenoid biosynthetic pathway
true
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of indole and ipecac. Indole is a heterocyclic compound, obtained from coal tar, and produced by the decomposition of tryptophan in the intestine, being partly responsible for the peculiar odor of the feces. It is also found in cultures of Vibrio cholerae and other bacteria; a color test for its production is used in classifying enteric bacteria. Ipecac is derived from the dried rhizome and roots of Cephaelis ipecacuanha or of C. acuminata. It is a mixture of alkaloids, primarily emetine and cephaelin.
pathway
PW:0000253
indole and ipecac alkaloid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of indole and ipecac. Indole is a heterocyclic compound, obtained from coal tar, and produced by the decomposition of tryptophan in the intestine, being partly responsible for the peculiar odor of the feces. It is also found in cultures of Vibrio cholerae and other bacteria; a color test for its production is used in classifying enteric bacteria. Ipecac is derived from the dried rhizome and roots of Cephaelis ipecacuanha or of C. acuminata. It is a mixture of alkaloids, primarily emetine and cephaelin.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporins. The former is the best known antibiotic which blocks the cross linking reaction in peptidoglycan synthesis, thus destroying the bacterial cell wall. The latter represents a broad class of antibiotics similar to penicillin, both chemically and in mode of action.
pathway
PW:0000254
penicillins and cephalosporins biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporins. The former is the best known antibiotic which blocks the cross linking reaction in peptidoglycan synthesis, thus destroying the bacterial cell wall. The latter represents a broad class of antibiotics similar to penicillin, both chemically and in mode of action.
KEGG:map00311
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those pathways that confer to an organism resistance to the action of beta-lactams - a class of broad spectrum antibiotics that are structurally and pharmacologically related to penicillins and cephalosporins.
pathway
PW:0000255
beta-Lactam resistance pathway
Those pathways that confer to an organism resistance to the action of beta-lactams - a class of broad spectrum antibiotics that are structurally and pharmacologically related to penicillins and cephalosporins.
KEGG:map00312
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides. Polyketides are a group of secondary metabolites made by microorganisms that possess a broad range of pharmacologically important activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antitumor.
pathway
PW:0000256
polyketides biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides. Polyketides are a group of secondary metabolites made by microorganisms that possess a broad range of pharmacologically important activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antitumor.
http://linux1.nii.res.in/~pksdb/polyketide.html
pathway
PW:0000257
polyketide sugar biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of tetracyclines - any of a group of biosynthetic antibiotics. Some are isolated from certain species of Streptomyces and others are produced semisynthetically.
pathway
tetracycline biosynthetic process
PW:0000258
tetracycline biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of tetracyclines - any of a group of biosynthetic antibiotics. Some are isolated from certain species of Streptomyces and others are produced semisynthetically.
GO:0043644
KEGG:map00253
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of clavulanic acid. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam antibiotic produced by a bacterium of the genus Streptomyces (S. clavuligerus) that is a beta-lactamase inhibitor and is usually used in the form of its clavulanate salt of potassium especially in combination with amoxicillin.
pathway
clavulanic acid biosynthetic process
PW:0000259
clavulanic acid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of clavulanic acid. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam antibiotic produced by a bacterium of the genus Streptomyces (S. clavuligerus) that is a beta-lactamase inhibitor and is usually used in the form of its clavulanate salt of potassium especially in combination with amoxicillin.
GO:0033050
Internet:Google
KEGG:map00331
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of puromycin - an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces alboniger, which has been used experimentally as an antineoplastic because of its ability to inhibit protein synthesis; it also has trypanosomicidal and amebicidal activity and was formerly used in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and amebic dysentery.
pathway
puromycin biosynthetic process
PW:0000260
puromycin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of puromycin - an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces alboniger, which has been used experimentally as an antineoplastic because of its ability to inhibit protein synthesis; it also has trypanosomicidal and amebicidal activity and was formerly used in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and amebic dysentery.
GO:0043638
KEGG:map00231
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The unique morphology of the neuron defies the classical organization of secretory pathways. The neuronal secretory pathway represents the intracellular trafficking route for proteins involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity and for lipids necessary for growth and remodeling of neurites. Neurons possess both somatic and dendritic Golgi compartments.
pathway
PW:0000261
neuronal secretory pathway
The unique morphology of the neuron defies the classical organization of secretory pathways. The neuronal secretory pathway represents the intracellular trafficking route for proteins involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity and for lipids necessary for growth and remodeling of neurites. Neurons possess both somatic and dendritic Golgi compartments.
PMID:15232591
PMID:26500481
Those metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases.
pathway
PW:0000262
altered metabolic pathway
Those metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases.
PW_Dictionary:InHouse_dictionary
Those regulatory pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant regulatory pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases.
pathway
PW:0000263
altered regulatory pathway
Those regulatory pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant regulatory pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases.
PW_Dictionary:InHouse_Dictionary
Those signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant signaling pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases.
pathway
PW:0000264
altered signaling pathway
Those signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant signaling pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases.
PW_Dictionary:InHouse_Dictionary
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - a rare prion disease, associated with a number of different mutations of the prion protein gene, existing in sporadic, familial (as an autosomal dominant), and infectious forms, with onset usually in middle life, and having a wide variety of clinical and pathological features. The most commonly seen are varying degrees of spongiform degeneration of neurons, neuronal loss, gliosis, and amyloid plaque formation, accompanied by rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, motor disturbances.
pathway
CJD
PW:0000265
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease pathway
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - a rare prion disease, associated with a number of different mutations of the prion protein gene, existing in sporadic, familial (as an autosomal dominant), and infectious forms, with onset usually in middle life, and having a wide variety of clinical and pathological features. The most commonly seen are varying degrees of spongiform degeneration of neurons, neuronal loss, gliosis, and amyloid plaque formation, accompanied by rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, motor disturbances.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Gerstmann-Strussler syndrome, Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker syndrome - a group of rare prion diseases, of autosomal dominant inheritance but linked to different mutations of the prion protein gene. Common characteristics include cognitive and motor disturbances, the presence of multicentric amyloid plaques in the brain. Its manifestations include cerebellar ataxia and dementia, rigidity, tremor, memory loss and others, depending on the form of the condition.
pathway
PW:0000266
Gerstmann-Strussler syndrome, Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker syndrome pathway
Gerstmann-Strussler syndrome, Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker syndrome - a group of rare prion diseases, of autosomal dominant inheritance but linked to different mutations of the prion protein gene. Common characteristics include cognitive and motor disturbances, the presence of multicentric amyloid plaques in the brain. Its manifestations include cerebellar ataxia and dementia, rigidity, tremor, memory loss and others, depending on the form of the condition.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Fatal familial insomnia - an inherited prion disease, transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, affecting primarily the ventral and dorsomedial nuclei of the thalamus and characterized by progressive insomnia, hallucinations, stupor, and coma ending in death within 6 months to 3 years of onset; autonomic and motor disturbances are also present.
pathway
PW:0000267
fatal familial insomnia pathway
Fatal familial insomnia - an inherited prion disease, transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, affecting primarily the ventral and dorsomedial nuclei of the thalamus and characterized by progressive insomnia, hallucinations, stupor, and coma ending in death within 6 months to 3 years of onset; autonomic and motor disturbances are also present.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Kuru - an infectious form of prion disease with a long incubation period, found only among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea. It is thought to be associated with ritual cannibalism. Its manifestations include truncal and limb ataxia, tremor, others; ends invariably in death. Amyloid plaques are present in about two thirds of affected individuals.
pathway
PW:0000268
kuru
Kuru - an infectious form of prion disease with a long incubation period, found only among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea. It is thought to be associated with ritual cannibalism. Its manifestations include truncal and limb ataxia, tremor, others; ends invariably in death. Amyloid plaques are present in about two thirds of affected individuals.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those reactions and molecular interactions underlying the folding of a protein into its functional three-dimensional structure. Folding takes place in the cytoplasm and, in the case of secreted proteins, in the endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins are checked (quality control) for proper folding and misfolded proteins are targeted for degradation.
pathway
Protein folding
PW:0000269
protein folding pathway
Those reactions and molecular interactions underlying the folding of a protein into its functional three-dimensional structure. Folding takes place in the cytoplasm and, in the case of secreted proteins, in the endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins are checked (quality control) for proper folding and misfolded proteins are targeted for degradation.
GO:0006457
PMID:17686625
PMID:21495850
Reactome:R-HSA-391251
The major events in presynaptic terminal differentiation are the formation of the active zone and the clustering of synaptic vesicles. Cytoskeletal and membrane specializations within the presynapse are necessary to for the regulated exo- and endocytosis of synaptic vesicles.
pathway
PW:0000270
presynaptic differentiation pathway
The major events in presynaptic terminal differentiation are the formation of the active zone and the clustering of synaptic vesicles. Cytoskeletal and membrane specializations within the presynapse are necessary to for the regulated exo- and endocytosis of synaptic vesicles.
PMID:15194107
PMID:25654254
The factors and components involved in, and the elements that regulate them and together shape and modulate the formation of the postsynaptic differentiation.
pathway
PW:0000271
postsynaptic differentiation pathway
The factors and components involved in, and the elements that regulate them and together shape and modulate the formation of the postsynaptic differentiation.
PMID:20832286
pathway
PW:0000272
neuron-to-neuron signaling pathways
A simpler pathway of neuron-to-neuron signaling involving the direct flow of ionic currents. It is a reciprocal pathway involving membrane-to-membrane apposition known as a gap junction.
pathway
Transmission across Electrical Synapses
PW:0000273
neuron-to-neuron signaling pathway via the electrical synapse
A simpler pathway of neuron-to-neuron signaling involving the direct flow of ionic currents. It is a reciprocal pathway involving membrane-to-membrane apposition known as a gap junction.
PMID:24955544
Reactome:R-HSA-112307
A neurotransmitter-releasing pathway of neuron-to-neuron communication. It involves fusion of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane and activation of postsynaptic receptors. It also involves recycling and re-release of synaptic vesicles.
pathway
Neurotransmission pathway
Transmission across Chemical Synapses
chemical synaptic transmission
PW:0000274
neuron-to-neuron signaling pathway via the chemical synapse
A neurotransmitter-releasing pathway of neuron-to-neuron communication. It involves fusion of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane and activation of postsynaptic receptors. It also involves recycling and re-release of synaptic vesicles.
GO:0007268
PubMed:Annu._Rev._Neursci._2003,_v26,_701-28.
Reactome:R-HSA-112315
A cell death pathway represents the particular series of events leading to the demise of a whole cell or parts of its contents. It plays an essential role in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Biochemical and morphological characteristics are used in the classification of various forms of cell death. Deregulation of cell death can contribute to the development of cancer and neurodegeneration.
pathway
cell death
PW:0000275
cell death pathway
A cell death pathway represents the particular series of events leading to the demise of a whole cell or parts of its contents. It plays an essential role in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Biochemical and morphological characteristics are used in the classification of various forms of cell death. Deregulation of cell death can contribute to the development of cancer and neurodegeneration.
GO:0008219
PMID:12196263
PMID:18414491
PMID:20211164
PMID:21760595
Non-apoptotic cell death pathway refers collectively to those types of cell death whose functional and/or morphological features are different from the apoptotic cell death. Cellular autophagy is an example.
pathway
PW:0000276
non-apoptotic cell death pathway
Non-apoptotic cell death pathway refers collectively to those types of cell death whose functional and/or morphological features are different from the apoptotic cell death. Cellular autophagy is an example.
PMID:12196263
PMID:18414491
Cellular senescence, also known as replicative senescence, results from cells ceasing to divide. Generally, it is a state of steady cell cycle arrest induced by stresses such as DNA damage, toxins and/or oncogene activation.
pathway
Cellular Senescence
PW:0000277
cellular senescence pathway
Cellular senescence, also known as replicative senescence, results from cells ceasing to divide. Generally, it is a state of steady cell cycle arrest induced by stresses such as DNA damage, toxins and/or oncogene activation.
GO:0090398
PMID:24449267
Reactome:R-HSA-2559583
The autophagic pathway involves the sequestration of misfolded or long-lived proteins and of defective organelles within double membrane vesicles, and delivery of the cargo to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. It is also known as macroautophagy, or bulk autophagy.
pathway
Macroautophagy
PW:0000278
autophagy pathway
The autophagic pathway involves the sequestration of misfolded or long-lived proteins and of defective organelles within double membrane vesicles, and delivery of the cargo to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. It is also known as macroautophagy, or bulk autophagy.
GO:0016236
KEGG:04140
PMID:20034776
PMID:20089931
PMID:20211164
Reactome:R-HSA-1632852
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy
Necrosis represents the sum of the morphological changes indicative of cell death and is caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes; it may affect groups of cells or part of a structure or an organ. There are many causes of necrosis including injury, infection, cancer, infarction, inflammation and others. There are several distinctive morphologic patterns of necrosis.
pathway
necrotic cell death
PW:0000279
necrosis pathway
Necrosis represents the sum of the morphological changes indicative of cell death and is caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes; it may affect groups of cells or part of a structure or an organ. There are many causes of necrosis including injury, infection, cancer, infarction, inflammation and others. There are several distinctive morphologic patterns of necrosis.
GO:0070265
Onelook:www.onelook.com
The secretory pathway is the route by which secreted proteins travel from sites of biosynthesis and folding, modification and sorting, to their final destinations. It involves ER insertion where folding and quality control of folding take place, move to Golgi and trans-Golgi Network (TGN) where sorting and final modifications take place, exit from Golgi and vesicular transport and delivery to plasma membrane and extracellular space or the endosomal system via constitutive or regulated exocytosis.
pathway
PW:0000280
protein secretory pathway
The secretory pathway is the route by which secreted proteins travel from sites of biosynthesis and folding, modification and sorting, to their final destinations. It involves ER insertion where folding and quality control of folding take place, move to Golgi and trans-Golgi Network (TGN) where sorting and final modifications take place, exit from Golgi and vesicular transport and delivery to plasma membrane and extracellular space or the endosomal system via constitutive or regulated exocytosis.
PMID:17686625
PMID:18216874
PMID:18354421
PMID:21907200
The endocytic pathway allows for recycling of cargo delivered via the exocytic or secretory routes, uptake of nutrients, internalization of receptors and also, the engulfing of dying cells or of material foreign to the cell. Endocytosis can be subdivided into four pathways: clathrin-mediated and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, micropinocytosis and phagocytosis. Endosomes and lysosomes are central endocytic components responsible for sorting, recycling, or degradation of cargo, as necessary.
pathway
endocytosis
PW:0000281
endocytosis pathway
The endocytic pathway allows for recycling of cargo delivered via the exocytic or secretory routes, uptake of nutrients, internalization of receptors and also, the engulfing of dying cells or of material foreign to the cell. Endocytosis can be subdivided into four pathways: clathrin-mediated and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, micropinocytosis and phagocytosis. Endosomes and lysosomes are central endocytic components responsible for sorting, recycling, or degradation of cargo, as necessary.
GO:0006897
KEGG:04144
PMID:16882731
PMID:16985500
PMID:18354421
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid or benzene carboxylic acid, a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative.
pathway
benzoate catabolic process
PW:0000282
benzoate degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid or benzene carboxylic acid, a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative.
GO:0043639
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Those metabolic pathways involving glycan that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant glycan metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000283
altered glycan metabolic pathway
Those metabolic pathways involving glycan that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant glycan metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases.
PMID:15459677
Those metabolic pathways involving glycosaminoglycans that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant glycosaminoglycan pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000284
altered glycosaminoglycan pathway
Those metabolic pathways involving glycosaminoglycans that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant glycosaminoglycan pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
PMID:15459677
Those metabolic pathways involving heparan sulfate (HS) that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant HS pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways may be involved in diseases. An example is the potential role of HS in Alzheimer's disease.
pathway
PW:0000285
altered heparan sulfate pathway
Those metabolic pathways involving heparan sulfate (HS) that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant HS pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways may be involved in diseases. An example is the potential role of HS in Alzheimer's disease.
PMID:14530380
Integrins signal bi-directionally across the plasma membrane and provide an example of mechanotransduction. Inside-out signaling modulates their interaction with ligands to regulate cell adhesion and ECM organization. Ligand binding initiates and shapes many signaling events and links to the cytoskeleton. Via protein clustering and ECM organization integrins synergize with and/or modulate various growth factor pathways. Integrin signaling regulates multiple processes including gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.
pathway
Integrin signaling
integrin-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000286
integrin mediated signaling pathway
Integrins signal bi-directionally across the plasma membrane and provide an example of mechanotransduction. Inside-out signaling modulates their interaction with ligands to regulate cell adhesion and ECM organization. Ligand binding initiates and shapes many signaling events and links to the cytoskeleton. Via protein clustering and ECM organization integrins synergize with and/or modulate various growth factor pathways. Integrin signaling regulates multiple processes including gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.
GO:0007229
KEGG:map04510
PMID:11842240
PMID:14570568
PMID:15009204
PMID:15276463
Reactome:R-HSA-9006921
Those apoptotic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of programmed cell death, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000287
altered apoptotic cell death pathway
Those apoptotic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of programmed cell death, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
PW:InHouse
An intrinsic apoptotic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant intrinsic apoptotic pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000288
altered intrinsic apoptotic pathway
An intrinsic apoptotic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant intrinsic apoptotic pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases.
PW:InHouse
Those pathways of cell death that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of cell death, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000289
altered cell death pathway
Those pathways of cell death that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of cell death, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
PW:Inhouse
Those pathways involved in and/or controlling DNA replication, cell cycle, DNA repair and preservation of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis that deviate from what their normal course should be. Such aberrant pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000290
altered pathway pertinent to DNA replication and repair, cell cycle, maintenance of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis
Those pathways involved in and/or controlling DNA replication, cell cycle, DNA repair and preservation of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis that deviate from what their normal course should be. Such aberrant pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
PW:Inhouse
true
Those pathways of DNA repair that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of DNA repair, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000292
altered DNA repair pathway
Those pathways of DNA repair that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of DNA repair, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
PW:InHouse
Those pathways of protein folding, sorting, modification, translocation and degradation that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant protein pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000293
altered pathway pertinent to protein folding, sorting, modification, translocation and degradation
Those pathways of protein folding, sorting, modification, translocation and degradation that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant protein pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
PW:InHouse
An ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrations in the pathway have been implicated in a number of diseases. Examples include certain malignancies, disorders of the immune and inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration.
pathway
PW:0000294
altered ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway
An ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrations in the pathway have been implicated in a number of diseases. Examples include certain malignancies, disorders of the immune and inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration.
PMID:14556719
An integrin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant integrin signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases. An example is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that involves integrins and the synergy between integrins and growth factors. Aberrant integrin signaling has also been correlated with tumor progression in several cancers.
pathway
PW:0000295
altered integrin mediated signaling pathway
An integrin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant integrin signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases. An example is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that involves integrins and the synergy between integrins and growth factors. Aberrant integrin signaling has also been correlated with tumor progression in several cancers.
PMID:15276463
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is thickened. Many physiological and pathological conditions as well as many pathways underlie the hypertrophic response.
HCM pathway
pathway
KEGG:05410
PW:0000296
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathway
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is thickened. Many physiological and pathological conditions as well as many pathways underlie the hypertrophic response.
KEGG:map05410
OneLook:www.onelook.org
PMID:15276462
The PDGF signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and survival.
pathway
PDGF signaling pathway
Signaling by PDGF
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000297
platelet-derived growth factor signaling pathway
The PDGF signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and survival.
GO:0048008
PID:200149
PID:200162
PID:200201
PMID:14515146
PMID:26153649
Reactome:R-HSA-186797
Those growth factor mediated signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant growth factor mediated pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000298
altered growth factor signaling pathway
Those growth factor mediated signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant growth factor mediated pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
PW:InHouse3
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as heart attack, is a serious, sudden heart condition characterized by varying degrees of chest pain, weakness, sweating, nausea and vomiting, sometimes causing loss of consciousness. It occurs when parts of the heart muscle die because they are not supplied with enough blood.
heart attack pathway
myocardial infarct pathway
pathway
PW:0000299
myocardial infarction pathway
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as heart attack, is a serious, sudden heart condition characterized by varying degrees of chest pain, weakness, sweating, nausea and vomiting, sometimes causing loss of consciousness. It occurs when parts of the heart muscle die because they are not supplied with enough blood.
OneLook:www.onelook.org
The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the kidney.
nephropathy pathway
pathway
PW:0000300
kidney disease pathway
The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the kidney.
PW:InHouse
Renal failure implies the loss of kidney function. It can be acute and rapidly progressing, or chronic with slow progression. Chronic renal failure may involve a number of kidney diseases and end-stage renal failure is the ultimate consequence.
renal failure pathway
pathway
PW:0000301
kidney failure pathway
Renal failure implies the loss of kidney function. It can be acute and rapidly progressing, or chronic with slow progression. Chronic renal failure may involve a number of kidney diseases and end-stage renal failure is the ultimate consequence.
Onelook:www.onelook.com
Glomerulonephritis is accompanied by inflammation of the capillary loops in the glomeruli of the kidney. It occurs in acute, subacute, and chronic forms and may be secondary to hemolytic streptococcal infection. Evidence also supports possible immune or autoimmune mechanisms.
pathway
PW:0000302
glomerulonephritis pathway
Glomerulonephritis is accompanied by inflammation of the capillary loops in the glomeruli of the kidney. It occurs in acute, subacute, and chronic forms and may be secondary to hemolytic streptococcal infection. Evidence also supports possible immune or autoimmune mechanisms.
Onelook:www.onelook.org
The p53-dependent pathway of G1 arrest in response to damaged DNA.
pathway
ATM pathway
p53-Dependent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint
PW:0000303
p53-dependent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint pathway
The p53-dependent pathway of G1 arrest in response to damaged DNA.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Reactome:R-HSA-69580
The p53-independent pathway of G1/S arrest in response to damaged DNA.
Reactome:R-HSA-69613
pathway
p53-Independent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint
PW:0000304
p53-independent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint pathway
The p53-independent pathway of G1/S arrest in response to damaged DNA.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Reactome:REACT_1208.1
Those pathways of carbohydrate metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant carbohydrate metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000305
altered carbohydrate metabolic pathway
Those pathways of carbohydrate metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant carbohydrate metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Those pathways of galactose metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. An aberrant galactose metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases. One example is the involvement of aberrant galactose catabolism in cancer.
pathway
PW:0000306
altered galactose metabolic pathway
Those pathways of galactose metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. An aberrant galactose metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases. One example is the involvement of aberrant galactose catabolism in cancer.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Coagulative necrosis is typically seen in hypoxic environments. Cell outlines remain after cell death and can be observed by light microscopy (e.g. myocardial infarction, infarct of the spleen).
pathway
PW:0000307
coagulative necrosis pathway
Coagulative necrosis is typically seen in hypoxic environments. Cell outlines remain after cell death and can be observed by light microscopy (e.g. myocardial infarction, infarct of the spleen).
Onelook:www.onelook.com
Liquefactive necrosis is associated with cellular destruction and pus formation (e.g. pneumonia).
pathway
PW:0000308
liquefactive necrosis pathway
Liquefactive necrosis is associated with cellular destruction and pus formation (e.g. pneumonia).
onelook:www.onelook.com
Caseous necrosis is a mix of coagulative necrosis and liquefactive necrosis (e.g. tuberculosis).
pathway
PW:0000309
caseous necrosis pathway
Caseous necrosis is a mix of coagulative necrosis and liquefactive necrosis (e.g. tuberculosis).
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Fatty necrosis results from the action of lipases on fatty tissues (e.g. acute pancreatitis).
pathway
PW:0000310
fatty necrosis pathway
Fatty necrosis results from the action of lipases on fatty tissues (e.g. acute pancreatitis).
Onelook:www.onelook.com
Fibrinoid necrosis involves the deposition of fibrin and other plasma proteins in the walls of afferent renal arterioles in malignant hypertension, often accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate within the walls and thrombosis of the vessel lumen.
pathway
PW:0000311
fibrinoid necrosis pathway
Fibrinoid necrosis involves the deposition of fibrin and other plasma proteins in the walls of afferent renal arterioles in malignant hypertension, often accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate within the walls and thrombosis of the vessel lumen.
Onelook:www.onelook.com
MAPK signaling pathways that are responding to stress or injury as well as inflammatory cytokines.
pathway
SAPK signaling pathway
stress-activated MAPK cascade
PW:0000312
stress-regulated MAPK signaling pathway
MAPK signaling pathways that are responding to stress or injury as well as inflammatory cytokines.
GO:0051403
PMID:10209154
PMID:14570565
PMID:17229475
PMID:17306385
A stress-induced MAPK pathway that regulates an array of processes such as gene expression, cell migration, cytoskeletal organization and apoptosis.
pathway
JNK cascade
JNK signaling pathway
PW:0000313
c-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK signaling pathway
A stress-induced MAPK pathway that regulates an array of processes such as gene expression, cell migration, cytoskeletal organization and apoptosis.
GO:0007254
KEGG:map04010
PMID:15102441
Those signaling pathways that are mediated through the binding of calmodulin - a multifunctional calcium transducer - to its target effectors.
pathway
Ca/CaM dependent signaling pathways
CaM pathway
PW:0000314
calcium/calmodulin dependent signaling pathway
Those signaling pathways that are mediated through the binding of calmodulin - a multifunctional calcium transducer - to its target effectors.
PMID:10884684
PMID:14671000
Reactome:R-HSA-111997
Calcineurin - a calcium/calmodulin dependent serine/threonine phosphatase - plays important regulatory roles in cardiac muscle growth and differentiation, memory processes and apoptosis.
pathway
calcineurin-mediated signaling
PW:0000315
calcineurin signaling pathway
Calcineurin - a calcium/calmodulin dependent serine/threonine phosphatase - plays important regulatory roles in cardiac muscle growth and differentiation, memory processes and apoptosis.
GO:0097720
PMID:15232210
The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinases (CAMKs) play important regulatory roles in the cardiac, muscle, nervous and immune tissues. They are represented by CAMK2 whose Ca2+/CaM binding leads to autophosphorylation and activation and the CAMK cascades that depend on an upstream CAMK kinase (CAMKK) for phosphorylation of an 'activation loop' and subsequent activation. CAMK1 and CAMK4 are the two CAMK signaling cascades.
pathway
CaMK signaling pathway
calmodulin dependent kinase signaling pathway
PW:0000316
calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase signaling pathway
The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinases (CAMKs) play important regulatory roles in the cardiac, muscle, nervous and immune tissues. They are represented by CAMK2 whose Ca2+/CaM binding leads to autophosphorylation and activation and the CAMK cascades that depend on an upstream CAMK kinase (CAMKK) for phosphorylation of an 'activation loop' and subsequent activation. CAMK1 and CAMK4 are the two CAMK signaling cascades.
GO:0099004
PMID:21529938
Members of the NFAT family of transcription factors, once de-phosphorylated by calcineurin, translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where they induce the transcription of genes involved in the immune response and cell-cell interactions. NFAT signaling is believed to play important roles in the development and function of the cardiovascular system.
pathway
Calcineurin activates NFAT
NFAT signaling pathway
calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade
PW:0000317
nuclear factor of activated T-cells signaling pathway
Members of the NFAT family of transcription factors, once de-phosphorylated by calcineurin, translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where they induce the transcription of genes involved in the immune response and cell-cell interactions. NFAT signaling is believed to play important roles in the development and function of the cardiovascular system.
GO:0033173
PMID:11983154
PMID:12975316
Reactome:R-HSA-2025928
Those calcium/CaM dependent pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant calcium/CaM dependent pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many diseases. One example is the potential role disruptions within these pathways play in cardiac hypertrophy.
pathway
altered Ca/CaM dependent pathway
PW:0000318
altered calcium/calmodulin dependent signaling pathway
Those calcium/CaM dependent pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant calcium/CaM dependent pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many diseases. One example is the potential role disruptions within these pathways play in cardiac hypertrophy.
PW_dictionary:InHouse_PW
A calcineurin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant calcineurin pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases. One example is the role a constitutively active calcineurin plays in cardiac hypertrophy, via the NFAT pathway.
pathway
PW:0000319
altered calcineurin signaling pathway
A calcineurin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant calcineurin pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases. One example is the role a constitutively active calcineurin plays in cardiac hypertrophy, via the NFAT pathway.
PMID:15276472
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of novobiocin, an aminocoumarin antibiotic. It is also known as albamycin or cathomycin and is produced by an actinomycete of the order Actinobacteria.
pathway
novobiocin biosynthetic process
PW:0000320
novobiocin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of novobiocin, an aminocoumarin antibiotic. It is also known as albamycin or cathomycin and is produced by an actinomycete of the order Actinobacteria.
GO:0043642
KEGG:map00401
OneLook:www.onelook.com
A Hedgehog signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Hedgehog signaling pathway has been involved in a number of human cancers.
pathway
PW:0000321
altered Hedgehog signaling pathway
A Hedgehog signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Hedgehog signaling pathway has been involved in a number of human cancers.
PMID:12495844
PMID:15205520
Ephrins and their receptors constitute a bidirectional signaling pathway transducing forward signals through the receptors and reverse signals through the ephrins that influence the behavior of both interacting cells. The Eph/ephrin axis plays important roles in cell morphology, adhesion and migration. Its disruption has been implicated in several human cancers.
eph/ephrin receptor bidirectional signaling axis
pathway
EPH-Ephrin signaling
ephrin receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000322
ephrin - ephrin receptor bidirectional signaling axis
Ephrins and their receptors constitute a bidirectional signaling pathway transducing forward signals through the receptors and reverse signals through the ephrins that influence the behavior of both interacting cells. The Eph/ephrin axis plays important roles in cell morphology, adhesion and migration. Its disruption has been implicated in several human cancers.
GO:0048013
PID:200052
PID:200059
PID:200142
PID:200204
PID:200216
PMID:15093606
An Eph/ephrin bidirectional axis that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Eph/ephrins axis has been implicated in a number of human cancers.
pathway
PW:0000323
altered ephrin - ephrin receptor bidirectional signaling pathway
An Eph/ephrin bidirectional axis that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Eph/ephrins axis has been implicated in a number of human cancers.
PMID:15561600
A Notch signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in a number of human cancers.
pathway
PW:0000324
altered Notch signaling pathway
A Notch signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in a number of human cancers.
PMID:11549580
PMID:14988924
PMID:15288257
Those pathways involved in the degradation of proteins.
pathway
protein catabolic process
PW:0000325
protein degradation pathway
Those pathways involved in the degradation of proteins.
GO:0030163
InHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
pathway
PW:0000326
altered protein degradation pathway
The pathways involved in the formation, reduction and isomerization of disulphide bonds in proteins. Disulphide bonds are essential for the stability of proteins that are secreted or are localized to organelles of the secretory pathway.
pathway
PW:0000327
protein disulphide bond formation pathway
The pathways involved in the formation, reduction and isomerization of disulphide bonds in proteins. Disulphide bonds are essential for the stability of proteins that are secreted or are localized to organelles of the secretory pathway.
PMID:10754564
The family of fibroblast growth factors (FGF) comprises 22 ligands classified into seven phylogenetic subfamilies and three groups by mode of action: the intracellular intracrine and the extracellular paracrine or canonical and endocrine or hormone-like groups. The paracrine subfamilies signal via the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). The endocrine subfamily is FGFR-dependent but the affinity towards the receptors is low and it relies on the Klotho family of transmembrane proteins. The intracrine subfamily is FGFR-independent. Overall, the pathway plays important roles during embryonic and postnatal development, neuromodulation, mineral metabolism and homeostasis. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with neoplastic and metabolic diseases.
pathway
FGF signaling pathway
Signaling by FGFR
fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000328
fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
The family of fibroblast growth factors (FGF) comprises 22 ligands classified into seven phylogenetic subfamilies and three groups by mode of action: the intracellular intracrine and the extracellular paracrine or canonical and endocrine or hormone-like groups. The paracrine subfamilies signal via the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). The endocrine subfamily is FGFR-dependent but the affinity towards the receptors is low and it relies on the Klotho family of transmembrane proteins. The intracrine subfamily is FGFR-independent. Overall, the pathway plays important roles during embryonic and postnatal development, neuromodulation, mineral metabolism and homeostasis. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with neoplastic and metabolic diseases.
GO:0008543
PID:200220
PMID:19379279
PMID:19601767
PMID:20940169
PMID:22298654
Reactome:R-HSA-190236
The TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors regulates a broad spectrum of processes such as angiogenesis, embryonic development, cell differentiation, proliferation and wound healing. Binding to two types of serine/threonine receptors and activation of Smad proteins is a common theme. However, ligand-receptor interaction and the identity of the activated Smad protein(s) appear to be member-specific.
pathway
Signaling by TGF-beta family members
TGF-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000329
transforming growth factor-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathway
The TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors regulates a broad spectrum of processes such as angiogenesis, embryonic development, cell differentiation, proliferation and wound healing. Binding to two types of serine/threonine receptors and activation of Smad proteins is a common theme. However, ligand-receptor interaction and the identity of the activated Smad protein(s) appear to be member-specific.
KEGG:map04350
PMID:15473857
Reactome:R-HSA-9006936
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are related to TGF-beta and activins and are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. The BMP signaling pathway plays important roles in induction and patterning of the mesoderm. BMP pathway cross-talks to other pathways such as TGF-beta, Wnt, MAPK, Notch, JAK-STAT and others.
pathway
BMP signaling pathway
Signaling by BMP
PW:0000330
Bone morphogenetic proteins signaling pathway
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are related to TGF-beta and activins and are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. The BMP signaling pathway plays important roles in induction and patterning of the mesoderm. BMP pathway cross-talks to other pathways such as TGF-beta, Wnt, MAPK, Notch, JAK-STAT and others.
GO:0030509
PID:200144
PMID:15368350
Reactome:R-HSA-201451
Activins are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors. The pathway plays important roles in embryonic development, inflammation and reproductive biology. Deregulation of activin signaling contributes to a number of pathological conditions.
pathway
Signaling by Activin
activin receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000331
activin signaling pathway
Activins are members of the TGF-beta superfamily of growth factors. The pathway plays important roles in embryonic development, inflammation and reproductive biology. Deregulation of activin signaling contributes to a number of pathological conditions.
GO:0032924
PID:200029
PMID:16885529
PMID:16997617
PMID:19273500
Reactome:R-HSA-1502540
The cell-cell signaling pathway conveys information between cells using cell adhesion molecules.
pathway
Cell-Cell communication
cell-cell signaling
PW:0000332
cell-cell signaling pathway
The cell-cell signaling pathway conveys information between cells using cell adhesion molecules.
GO:0007267
RGD:InHouse_dictionary
Reactome:R-HSA-1500931
Cadherins represent a large protein superfamily with many and important roles in cell adhesion and signaling. Cadherins are characterized by the presence of the extracellular cadherin, calcium-binding repeat. The number and structural similarities of repeats across families vary.
pathway
PW:0000333
cadherin mediated signaling pathway
Cadherins represent a large protein superfamily with many and important roles in cell adhesion and signaling. Cadherins are characterized by the presence of the extracellular cadherin, calcium-binding repeat. The number and structural similarities of repeats across families vary.
PMID:11171368
PMID:18848899
pathway
PW:0000334
connexin signaling pathway
Those TGF-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Alone or in combination with other pathways they underlie many conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and various types of cancer.
pathway
altered TGF-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000335
altered transforming growth factor-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathway
Those TGF-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Alone or in combination with other pathways they underlie many conditions such as pulmonary hypertension and various types of cancer.
PMID:18313409
Those cell-cell signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be.
pathway
PW:0000336
altered cell-cell signaling pathway
Those cell-cell signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be.
PW_dictionary:InHouse_PW_dictionary
Selectins represent a small family of lectin-like adhesion receptors that mediate cell-cell interactions via calcium-dependent recognition of sialylated glycans. The exact role of this signaling pathway is not well known.
pathway
PW:0000337
selectin signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000338
altered cadherins mediated signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000339
altered connexins mediated signaling pathway
An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the main players. They include receptor(s), ligand(s), and members of the CSL complex.
pathway
PW:0000340
altered Notch signaling pathway involving the main players
An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the main players. They include receptor(s), ligand(s), and members of the CSL complex.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the enzymes, macromolecules that act upon the main players. They include proteases, elements of the proteo- and glucosaminoglycan metabolic pathways, ubiquitin ligases, other proteins that modulate availability, sensitivity, endocytosis of ligands/receptors.
pathway
PW:0000341
altered Notch signaling pathway involving the macromolecules modifying the main players
An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the enzymes, macromolecules that act upon the main players. They include proteases, elements of the proteo- and glucosaminoglycan metabolic pathways, ubiquitin ligases, other proteins that modulate availability, sensitivity, endocytosis of ligands/receptors.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the target gene(s). They may include members of the HES and HERP families of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressors.
pathway
PW:0000342
altered Notch signaling pathway involving target gene(s)
An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the target gene(s). They may include members of the HES and HERP families of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressors.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the promoters of target gene(s).
pathway
PW:0000343
altered Notch signaling pathway involving promoters
An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the promoters of target gene(s).
InHouse:PW_dictionary
pathway
PW:0000344
cerebrovascular disease pathway
pathway
PW:0000345
cerebral arterial diseases pathway
CADASIL - cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy - a disease of the small cerebral arteries characterized by subcortical stroke and vascular dementia. It is associated with mutations in the Notch3 gene. More than fifty mutations are clustered within the first EGF repeats and involve the gain or loss of a cysteine.
pathway
PW:0000346
CADASIL pathway
CADASIL - cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy - a disease of the small cerebral arteries characterized by subcortical stroke and vascular dementia. It is associated with mutations in the Notch3 gene. More than fifty mutations are clustered within the first EGF repeats and involve the gain or loss of a cysteine.
PMID:14667809
PMID:14986825
pathway
PW:0000347
cardiovascular abnormalities pathway
pathway
PW:0000348
congenital heart defects pathway
Alagille syndrome is a developmental disease characterized by defects in heart, as well as liver, skeleton and eye. Abnormalities of the central nervous system are also found. The disease is associated with mutations across the entire Jag1 gene.
pathway
PW:0000349
Alagille syndrome pathway
Alagille syndrome is a developmental disease characterized by defects in heart, as well as liver, skeleton and eye. Abnormalities of the central nervous system are also found. The disease is associated with mutations across the entire Jag1 gene.
PMID:14986825
A VEGF mediated pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant VEGF mediated pathways have been implicated in a number of human cancers. Upregulation of VEGF expression is associated with cancer and tumor growth.
pathway
altered VEGF signaling pathways
PW:0000350
altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
A VEGF mediated pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant VEGF mediated pathways have been implicated in a number of human cancers. Upregulation of VEGF expression is associated with cancer and tumor growth.
PMID:15563310
An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the main players. They include the various VEGF molecules and VEGF receptors.
pathway
altered VEGF signaling pathway involving the main players
PW:0000351
altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway involving the main players
An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the main players. They include the various VEGF molecules and VEGF receptors.
InHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the enzymes that process VEGF, such as the plasmin and furin-like proteases.
pathway
altered VEGF signaling pathway involving the macromolecules modifying the main players
PW:0000352
altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway involving the macromolecules modifying the main players
An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the enzymes that process VEGF, such as the plasmin and furin-like proteases.
InHouse:In_House_PW_dictionary
An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s), any activity change in the proteins that regulate VEGF expression. They include transcription factors such as the hypoxia-inducible factor and the many proteins impacting on the stability and/or activity of these factors.
pathway
altered VEGF signaling pathway involving proteins affecting its expression
PW:0000353
altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway involving proteins affecting its expression
An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s), any activity change in the proteins that regulate VEGF expression. They include transcription factors such as the hypoxia-inducible factor and the many proteins impacting on the stability and/or activity of these factors.
InHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycerophospholipids, also known as phospholipids. They are key components of membranes and some are also involved in signaling.
pathway
glycerophospholipid metabolic process
phospholipid metabolic pathway
PW:0000354
glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycerophospholipids, also known as phospholipids. They are key components of membranes and some are also involved in signaling.
GO:0006650
KEGG:map00564
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
SMP:00025
Those pathways involved in the maintenance of the internal environment of an organism, the adequate levels of substances and nutrients, the stability of normal body states and the feedback regulatory mechanisms that control them.
pathway
homeostatic process
PW:0000355
homeostasis pathway
Those pathways involved in the maintenance of the internal environment of an organism, the adequate levels of substances and nutrients, the stability of normal body states and the feedback regulatory mechanisms that control them.
GO:0042592
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The pathways involved in responding to changes in and maintenance of adequate oxygen levels.
pathway
oxygen homeostasis
PW:0000356
oxygen homeostasis pathway
The pathways involved in responding to changes in and maintenance of adequate oxygen levels.
GO:0032364
PMID:11181957
PMID:12603312
PMID:14597660
PMID:15031665
Those pathways involved in the balance between energy uptake and energy expenditure. Disturbance of this equilibrium has been linked to various conditions including obesity.
pathway
energy homeostasis
PW:0000357
energy homeostasis pathway
Those pathways involved in the balance between energy uptake and energy expenditure. Disturbance of this equilibrium has been linked to various conditions including obesity.
GO:0097009
PMID:11239410
PMID:15703762
Those homeostatic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant homeostatic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases.
pathway
PW:0000358
altered homeostasis pathway
Those homeostatic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant homeostatic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases.
PW_dictionary:PW_InHouse_dictionary
Those pathways of energy homeostasis that deviate from what their normal course should be. Obesity in particular has been associated with disturbances in the control of energy balance.
pathway
PW:0000359
altered energy homeostasis pathway
Those pathways of energy homeostasis that deviate from what their normal course should be. Obesity in particular has been associated with disturbances in the control of energy balance.
PMID:11239410
PMID:15703762
The hypoxia inducible transcription factor is activated in response to hypoxic conditions to promote the expression of many genes that play important roles in glucose and energy metabolism, angiogenesis and erythropoiesis.
pathway
HIF pathway
Regulation of gene expression by Hypoxia-inducible Factor
PW:0000360
hypoxia inducible factor pathway
The hypoxia inducible transcription factor is activated in response to hypoxic conditions to promote the expression of many genes that play important roles in glucose and energy metabolism, angiogenesis and erythropoiesis.
PID:200036
PID:200202
PMID:11181957
PMID:12603312
PMID:14597660
PMID:15031665
Reactome:R-HSA-1234158
pathway
PW:0000361
altered oxygen homeostasis pathway
The acute hypoxic response is mediated through the activity of excitable cells via oxygen-sensing ion channels.
pathway
PW:0000362
the ion channels pathway
The acute hypoxic response is mediated through the activity of excitable cells via oxygen-sensing ion channels.
PMID:11181957
Leptin acts on two populations of hypothalamic neurons that express orexigenic (feeding inducing) and anorexigenic genes, respectively. Leptin reduces the expression of genes from the former and enhances the expression of genes from the latter neurons. The leptin mediated response acts primarily via Jak-dependent activation of STAT.
pathway
Signaling by Leptin
leptin-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000363
leptin system pathway
Leptin acts on two populations of hypothalamic neurons that express orexigenic (feeding inducing) and anorexigenic genes, respectively. Leptin reduces the expression of genes from the former and enhances the expression of genes from the latter neurons. The leptin mediated response acts primarily via Jak-dependent activation of STAT.
GO:0033210
PMID:11239410
PMID:12079865
Reactome:R-HSA-2586552
pathway
PW:0000364
altered leptin system pathway
The melanocortin dependent system is involved in a diverse number of pathways such as pigmentation, steroidogenesis, sexual function, energy homeostasis. Its implication in energy homeostasis is of particular interest as alterations of this system have been associated with obesity.
pathway
SMP:00310
PW:0000365
melanocortin system pathway
The melanocortin dependent system is involved in a diverse number of pathways such as pigmentation, steroidogenesis, sexual function, energy homeostasis. Its implication in energy homeostasis is of particular interest as alterations of this system have been associated with obesity.
PMID:11874690
PMID:12556347
PMID:15189116
A melanocortin dependent system pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the prohormone gene PMOC and the modifying enzyme PC1 are linked to obesity. Mutations in MC2R receptor and its accessory protein MRAP have been associated with type 1 and 2 familial glucocorticoid deficiency, respectively.
pathway
PW:0000366
altered melanocortin system pathway
A melanocortin dependent system pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the prohormone gene PMOC and the modifying enzyme PC1 are linked to obesity. Mutations in MC2R receptor and its accessory protein MRAP have been associated with type 1 and 2 familial glucocorticoid deficiency, respectively.
PMID:11874690
PMID:19028547
Jak-Stat signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be.
pathway
PW:0000367
altered Jak-Stat signaling pathway
Jak-Stat signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be.
InHouse:PW_InHouse_dictionary
Those pathways dependent on activation by JAK kinases but independent of Stat proteins.
pathway
PW:0000368
Non-Stat, Jak dependent pathway
Those pathways dependent on activation by JAK kinases but independent of Stat proteins.
PMID:12884916
Nuclear factor, 2 like 2 (Nfe2l2, also known as Nrf2) signaling pathway is one of the most important regulator of antioxidant and/or electrophilic stress responses. Upon activation, Nfe2l2 induces the expression of antioxidant, xenobiotic metabolism, and cytoprotective genes, among others. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with various conditions, including neurodegeneration and cancer.
Nrf2 signaling pathway
pathway
Nfe2l2 signaling pathway
PW:0000369
nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 signaling pathway
Nuclear factor, 2 like 2 (Nfe2l2, also known as Nrf2) signaling pathway is one of the most important regulator of antioxidant and/or electrophilic stress responses. Upon activation, Nfe2l2 induces the expression of antioxidant, xenobiotic metabolism, and cytoprotective genes, among others. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with various conditions, including neurodegeneration and cancer.
PMID:15252150
PMID:20486759
PMID:20815789
PMID:22874821
PMID:26122708
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor whose ligands include a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons and which regulates the expression of phase I and phase II drug- and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Phase I enzymes convert otherwise inactive hydrocarbons into active metabolites with potential carcinogenic effects, thus rendering AhR a player in tumor initiation.
AhR signaling pathway
pathway
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling
PW:0000370
aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor whose ligands include a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons and which regulates the expression of phase I and phase II drug- and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Phase I enzymes convert otherwise inactive hydrocarbons into active metabolites with potential carcinogenic effects, thus rendering AhR a player in tumor initiation.
PMID:15451023
PMID:15627472
PMID:20106901
PMID:20868221
Reactome:R-HSA-8937144
The maintenance of adequate intracellular calcium levels are crucial in order to assure the availability of this important ion and, at the same time prevent against the damage its high concentration can cause. Pumps and exchangers move the calcium ions into organelles or outside the cell, channels of many types allow for its transient flow inside the cell. Calcium transport, which maintains and controls the calcium gradient, and calcium signaling, which the gradient promotes, are inextricably connected in the fabric of calcium homeostasis.
pathway
PW:0000371
calcium homeostasis pathway
The maintenance of adequate intracellular calcium levels are crucial in order to assure the availability of this important ion and, at the same time prevent against the damage its high concentration can cause. Pumps and exchangers move the calcium ions into organelles or outside the cell, channels of many types allow for its transient flow inside the cell. Calcium transport, which maintains and controls the calcium gradient, and calcium signaling, which the gradient promotes, are inextricably connected in the fabric of calcium homeostasis.
PMID:17574670
PMID:18083096
Dysfunction of calcium homeostasis has been implicated in several human neural, neurodegenerative and cardiac conditions.
pathway
PW:0000372
altered calcium homeostasis pathway
Dysfunction of calcium homeostasis has been implicated in several human neural, neurodegenerative and cardiac conditions.
PMID:21170867
PMID:21698698
PMID:22435804
The glutathione conjugation of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds represents a major pathway phase II biotransformation. The glutathione conjugates may either be excreted or undergo further processing.
pathway
Glutathione conjugation
phase II biotransformation
PW:0000373
glutathione conjugation pathway
The glutathione conjugation of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds represents a major pathway phase II biotransformation. The glutathione conjugates may either be excreted or undergo further processing.
MCW_-_book:QV_600_C335t_2001
PMID:17482904
Reactome:R-HSA-156590
Pathways of glutathione conjugates processing other than the mercapturic acid pathway.
pathway
PW:0000374
alternate pathways of glutathione conjugates processing
Pathways of glutathione conjugates processing other than the mercapturic acid pathway.
InHouse_dictionary:PW_InHouse_dictionary
The major phase I biotransformation pathway for the activation of endogenous and exogenous substances carried out by members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily.
pathway
KEGG:00980
KEGG:00982
PW:0000375
phase I biotransformation pathway via cytochrome P450
The major phase I biotransformation pathway for the activation of endogenous and exogenous substances carried out by members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily.
Book:QV_600_C335t_2001
PMID:17482904
PMID:19835560
Reactome:REACT_13705.1
A minor phase I biotransformation pathway for the activation of endogenous and exogenous substances carried by flavin-containing monooxygenases.
pathway
PW:0000376
cytochrome P450-independent phase I biotransformation pathway
A minor phase I biotransformation pathway for the activation of endogenous and exogenous substances carried by flavin-containing monooxygenases.
PMID:19835560
The mercapturic acid pathway of glutathione conjugates processing involves the sequential cleavage of glutamyl and glycine residues of glutathione followed by cysteine N-acetylation.
pathway
PW:0000377
glutathione conjugates processing - the mercapturic acid pathway
The mercapturic acid pathway of glutathione conjugates processing involves the sequential cleavage of glutamyl and glycine residues of glutathione followed by cysteine N-acetylation.
MCW_book:QV_600_C335t_2001
Oxidative stress occurs when the redox balance between pro- and anti-oxidants is upset due to an increase in endogenous or exogenous pro-oxidant stimuli. The response triggers the upregulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems. Oxidants can also act as second messengers to trigger a variety of cellular signaling pathways.
pathway
PW:0000378
oxidative stress response pathway
Oxidative stress occurs when the redox balance between pro- and anti-oxidants is upset due to an increase in endogenous or exogenous pro-oxidant stimuli. The response triggers the upregulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems. Oxidants can also act as second messengers to trigger a variety of cellular signaling pathways.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stress
Inhibition of protein folding or its disruption by mutant proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum triggers a signal transduction response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR increases the biosynthetic capacity while decreasing the biosynthetic burden of the secretory pathway through up- and downregulation of gene expression.
pathway
ER stress - UPR pathway
Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
PW:0000379
endoplasmic reticulum stress - the unfolded protein response pathway
Inhibition of protein folding or its disruption by mutant proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum triggers a signal transduction response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR increases the biosynthetic capacity while decreasing the biosynthetic burden of the secretory pathway through up- and downregulation of gene expression.
GO:0030968
PMID:15603751
PMID:15952902
Reactome:R-HSA-381119
Drugs, endogenous and/or exogenous compounds processed through the phase I and II of bioactivation, biotransformation pathways are eliminated via phase III transport pathway carried out by several transporter families.
pathway
PW:0000380
transport pathway for the elimination of drugs, endogenous or exogenous compounds and metabolites
Drugs, endogenous and/or exogenous compounds processed through the phase I and II of bioactivation, biotransformation pathways are eliminated via phase III transport pathway carried out by several transporter families.
PMID:17220560
pathway
MRP mediated pathway
PW:0000381
multidrug resistance-associated protein mediated transport pathway
pathway
MDR mediated pathway
PW:0000382
multidrug resistance protein mediated transport pathway
pathway
OAT mediated pathway
PW:0000383
multispecific organic anion transporter mediated transport pathway
The G2/M checkpoint pathways assure the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. The checkpoints control for damaged and un-replicated DNA. Various DNA damage checkpoints lead to inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinases that regulate the next cell cycle point.
pathway
G2/M DNA damage checkpoint
mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
PW:0000384
G2/M DNA damage checkpoint pathway
The G2/M checkpoint pathways assure the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. The checkpoints control for damaged and un-replicated DNA. Various DNA damage checkpoints lead to inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinases that regulate the next cell cycle point.
GO:0007095
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Reactome:R-HSA-69473
Those pathways that assure the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. The checkpoints control for damaged and un-replicated DNA. Un-replicated DNA signals to block the cell cycle from proceeding. The mechanism by which the cell detects un-replicated DNA is not known.
pathway
G2/M DNA replication checkpoint
PW:0000385
G2/M DNA replication checkpoint pathway
Those pathways that assure the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. The checkpoints control for damaged and un-replicated DNA. Un-replicated DNA signals to block the cell cycle from proceeding. The mechanism by which the cell detects un-replicated DNA is not known.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Reactome:R-HSA-69478
A very close relative of Ras, the Rap1 mediated pathway appears to control diverse processes such as modulation of growth and differentiation, secretion, integrin-linked cell adhesion and morphogenesis.
pathway
Rap protein signal transduction
Rap1 signalling
PW:0000386
Rap1 mediated signaling pathway
A very close relative of Ras, the Rap1 mediated pathway appears to control diverse processes such as modulation of growth and differentiation, secretion, integrin-linked cell adhesion and morphogenesis.
GO:0032486
PMID:11331911
Reactome:R-HSA-392517
Arf family mediated signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicle trafficking. In particular they appear to control early events such as vesicle budding.
pathway
ARF protein signal transduction
PW:0000387
Arf family mediated signaling pathway
Arf family mediated signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicle trafficking. In particular they appear to control early events such as vesicle budding.
GO:0032011
PID:200195
PMID:11152757
The reelin signaling pathway regulates neuronal positioning and may also play a role in synaptic plasticity. The reelin gene appears to be downregulated in schizophrenic brains but the link between the reelin pathway and the disease remains to be established.
pathway
reelin-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000388
Reelin signaling pathway
The reelin signaling pathway regulates neuronal positioning and may also play a role in synaptic plasticity. The reelin gene appears to be downregulated in schizophrenic brains but the link between the reelin pathway and the disease remains to be established.
GO:0038026
PID:200062
PMID:12764038
PMID:14715136
PMID:14993361
Reactome:R-HSA-8866376
pathway
PW:0000389
altered signaling pathway pertinent to the brain and nervous system
pathway
PW:0000390
altered Reelin signaling pathway
pathway
altered monomeric G protein mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000391
altered Ras superfamily mediated signaling pathway
A Ras mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Ras mediated signaling pathways have been implicated in a number of human cancers and deregulation of Ras has been reported even in the absence of mutations.
pathway
PW:0000392
altered Ras mediated signaling pathway
A Ras mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Ras mediated signaling pathways have been implicated in a number of human cancers and deregulation of Ras has been reported even in the absence of mutations.
PMID:11027944
pathway
PW:0000393
altered mTOR signaling pathway
Dopamine signaling plays important roles in processes such as motivation, learning and movement. It also plays several roles in the periphery as a modulator of renal, cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Dopamine signals to a family of at least 5 receptors that are classified into two subfamilies that couple to distinct G proteins to elicit diverse downstream events. Deregulation of the pathway has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
pathway
Dopamine receptors
dopamine receptor signaling pathway
dopaminergic pathway
PW:0000394
dopamine signaling pathway
Dopamine signaling plays important roles in processes such as motivation, learning and movement. It also plays several roles in the periphery as a modulator of renal, cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Dopamine signals to a family of at least 5 receptors that are classified into two subfamilies that couple to distinct G proteins to elicit diverse downstream events. Deregulation of the pathway has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
GO:0007212
KEGG:04728
PMID:17408758
PMID:18353279
Reactome:R-HSA-390651
pathway
altered dopaminergic pathway
PW:0000395
altered dopamine signaling pathway
Polyamine metabolism plays important roles in a number of cellular processes. Spermidine and spermine are formed in two consecutive reactions carried out by distinct enzymes that employ the decarboxylated form of AdoMet as an aminopropyl donor.
pathway
spermidine metabolic process
PW:0000396
spermidine metabolic pathway
Polyamine metabolism plays important roles in a number of cellular processes. Spermidine and spermine are formed in two consecutive reactions carried out by distinct enzymes that employ the decarboxylated form of AdoMet as an aminopropyl donor.
GO:0008216
PMID:19603518
SMP:00445
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cobalamin, known as vitamin B12 - a water-soluble vitamin. Cobalamin has important roles in a number of metabolic pathways. There are several related compounds whose synthesis occurs in bacteria but whose conversion can be carried out in higher organisms.
pathway
Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) transport and metabolism
Vitamin B12 metabolic pathway
cobalamin metabolic process
PW:0000397
cobalamin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cobalamin, known as vitamin B12 - a water-soluble vitamin. Cobalamin has important roles in a number of metabolic pathways. There are several related compounds whose synthesis occurs in bacteria but whose conversion can be carried out in higher organisms.
GO:0009235
Reactome:R-HSA-196741
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12
Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is at the intersection of two pathways: the remethylation pathway that regenerates methionine and thus the methionine cycle and the transsulfuration pathway that gives rise to cysteine and derivatives. The Hcy pathway also engages choline, folate and vitamin metabolism and links to the metabolism of other amino acids and compounds.
pathway
Hcy metabolism
homocysteine metabolic process
PW:0000398
homocysteine metabolic pathway
Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is at the intersection of two pathways: the remethylation pathway that regenerates methionine and thus the methionine cycle and the transsulfuration pathway that gives rise to cysteine and derivatives. The Hcy pathway also engages choline, folate and vitamin metabolism and links to the metabolism of other amino acids and compounds.
GO:0050667
PMID:20814827
The predominant route of homocysteine remethylation to methionine that requires the 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate 1 carbon donor and as such, engages folate metabolism.
pathway
PW:0000399
remethylation pathway of homocysteine metabolism - cobalamin dependent
The predominant route of homocysteine remethylation to methionine that requires the 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate 1 carbon donor and as such, engages folate metabolism.
PMID:20814827
The transulfuration pathway is one of the two routes of homocysteine metabolism. It allows for the transfer of sulfur from methionine to cysteine. 70% of cysteine is then converted to glutathione and the remainder ends up as either taurine or pyruvate and sulfate.
pathway
SMP:00455
PW:0000400
transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine metabolism
The transulfuration pathway is one of the two routes of homocysteine metabolism. It allows for the transfer of sulfur from methionine to cysteine. 70% of cysteine is then converted to glutathione and the remainder ends up as either taurine or pyruvate and sulfate.
PMID:20162368
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transsulfuration_pathway
The route of homocysteine remethyation to methionine that mainly occurs in the liver and requires betaine as the methyl donor.
pathway
SMP:00123
PW:0000401
remethylation pathway of homocysteine metabolism - cobalamin independent, betaine dependent
The route of homocysteine remethyation to methionine that mainly occurs in the liver and requires betaine as the methyl donor.
PMID:20814827
Those metabolic pathways of amino acids other than the common amino acids that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant metabolic pathways of other amino acids, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000402
altered metabolic pathway of other amino acids
Those metabolic pathways of amino acids other than the common amino acids that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant metabolic pathways of other amino acids, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases.
InHouse:PW_InHouse_dictionary
Those pathways of amino acid metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant amino acid metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000403
altered amino acid metabolic pathway
Those pathways of amino acid metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant amino acid metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases.
InHouse:PW_InHouse_dictionary
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of creatine. Officially methyl guanidino-acetic acid formed from arginine and glycine and the methyl group of methionine, creatine supplies energy to muscle cells.
pathway
Creatine metabolism
creatine metabolic process
PW:0000404
creatine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of creatine. Officially methyl guanidino-acetic acid formed from arginine and glycine and the methyl group of methionine, creatine supplies energy to muscle cells.
GO:0006600
Onelook:www.onelook.com
PMID:10893433
Reactome:R-HSA-71288
Release of neurotransmitters is mediated through the exocytosis of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicle trafficking cycle is composed of a number of steps that culminate in calcium-triggered fusion and release.
pathway
PW:0000405
synaptic vesicle exocytosis - neurotransmitter release pathway
Release of neurotransmitters is mediated through the exocytosis of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicle trafficking cycle is composed of a number of steps that culminate in calcium-triggered fusion and release.
PMID:10488439
PMID:15217342
pathway
PW:0000406
metabolic pathway pertinent to the brain
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neurotransmitters, substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron and cross the synaptic cleft to excite or inhibit a target cell.
pathway
neurotransmitter metabolic process
PW:0000407
neurotransmitter metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neurotransmitters, substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron and cross the synaptic cleft to excite or inhibit a target cell.
GO:0042133
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of acetylcholine - an ester of choline and acetic acid that acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.
pathway
acetylcholine metabolic process
PW:0000408
acetylcholine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of acetylcholine - an ester of choline and acetic acid that acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.
GO:0008291
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of dopamine, a neuromodulatory molecule that acts as a neurotransmitter and a neurohormone. Dopamine has multiple functions in the brain.
pathway
dopamine metabolic process
PW:0000409
dopamine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of dopamine, a neuromodulatory molecule that acts as a neurotransmitter and a neurohormone. Dopamine has multiple functions in the brain.
GO:0042417
PMID:19342614
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of serotonin - an amine neurotransmitter that is believed to play important roles in a number of conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety.
pathway
Metabolism of serotonin
serotonin metabolic process
PW:0000410
serotonin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of serotonin - an amine neurotransmitter that is believed to play important roles in a number of conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety.
GO:0042428
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-380612
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of histamine - a biogenic amine that acts as a neurotransmitter and is also involved in local immune responses.
pathway
histamine metabolic process
PW:0000411
histamine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of histamine - a biogenic amine that acts as a neurotransmitter and is also involved in local immune responses.
GO:0001692
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the central nervous system's main inhibitory neurotransmitter, involved in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the system.
pathway
GABA metabolism
GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation
gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process
PW:0000412
gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the central nervous system's main inhibitory neurotransmitter, involved in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the system.
GO:0009448
Reactome:R-HSA-888590
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of heme - an iron-containing compound where the iron is complexed within a porphyrin heterocyclic ring, There are several kinds of hemes depending on the composition of their side chain. Heme serves as a prosthetic group for a number of proteins.
pathway
Heme degradation
heme catabolic process
PW:0000413
heme degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of heme - an iron-containing compound where the iron is complexed within a porphyrin heterocyclic ring, There are several kinds of hemes depending on the composition of their side chain. Heme serves as a prosthetic group for a number of proteins.
GO:0042167
PMID:24782769
Reactome:R-HSA-189483
The 'core' 20S proteasome degrades oxidized and/or unfolded proteins in an ATP and ubiquitin independent manner. The association with the 19S regulatory cap yields the 26S proteasome which has substrate selectivity and ATP and ubiquitin-dependent activity.
pathway
PW:0000414
protein degradation pathway via the 'core' 20S proteasome pathway
The 'core' 20S proteasome degrades oxidized and/or unfolded proteins in an ATP and ubiquitin independent manner. The association with the 19S regulatory cap yields the 26S proteasome which has substrate selectivity and ATP and ubiquitin-dependent activity.
PMID:9212076;
A proteasome degradation pathway mediated by cullins. Cullins are components of E3 ligase complexes and substrates for Nedd8 - a ubiquitin-like molecule. Neddylation is thought to modulate the activity of cullins.
pathway
PW:0000415
proteasome degradation pathway involving cullin-dependent ubiquitin ligases
A proteasome degradation pathway mediated by cullins. Cullins are components of E3 ligase complexes and substrates for Nedd8 - a ubiquitin-like molecule. Neddylation is thought to modulate the activity of cullins.
PMID:10806345
PMID:15021886
A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier). SUMOylation does not target proteins to the proteasome, rather it targets proteins to particular cellular compartments.
pathway
SUMO modification pathway
SUMOylation
protein sumoylation
PW:0000416
sumoylation pathway
A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier). SUMOylation does not target proteins to the proteasome, rather it targets proteins to particular cellular compartments.
GO:0016925
PMID:10806345
PMID:15808504
PMID:23328396
PMID:23416108
Reactome:R-HSA-2990846
The pathway for the ATP-dependent non-lysosomal proteolysis catalyzed by the 26S proteasome and for which ubiquitination, the post-translational covalent conjugation of ubiquitin, or ubiquitin-like, to target proteins is a key signal.
pathway
PW:0000417
ubiquitin, ubiquitin-like/proteasome degradation pathway
The pathway for the ATP-dependent non-lysosomal proteolysis catalyzed by the 26S proteasome and for which ubiquitination, the post-translational covalent conjugation of ubiquitin, or ubiquitin-like, to target proteins is a key signal.
PMID:10993052
pathway
PW:0000418
altered ubiquitin, ubiquitin-like degradation pathway
The pathways by which water flows into and out of the cell and into and out of sub-cellular compartments for multi-cellular organisms, mediated by members of the aquaporin family of water channels (WCP). The 13 members identified in mammals are grouped into three subfamilies: aquaporins, selective for water; aquaglyceroporins, permeable to both water and small molecules; superaquaporins, the sub-cellular aquaporins. WCPs belong to the superfamily of major intrinsic proteins (MIPs).
pathway
Aquaporin-mediated transport
water transport
PW:0000419
water transport pathway
The pathways by which water flows into and out of the cell and into and out of sub-cellular compartments for multi-cellular organisms, mediated by members of the aquaporin family of water channels (WCP). The 13 members identified in mammals are grouped into three subfamilies: aquaporins, selective for water; aquaglyceroporins, permeable to both water and small molecules; superaquaporins, the sub-cellular aquaporins. WCPs belong to the superfamily of major intrinsic proteins (MIPs).
GO:0006833
PMID:19165894
Reactome:R-HSA-445717
pathway
altered JNK signaling pathway
PW:0000420
altered c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK signaling pathway
A mitogen activated protein kinase pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered MAPK pathways have been linked to a spectrum of conditions.
pathway
altered MAPK signaling pathway
PW:0000421
altered mitogen activated protein kinase pathway
A mitogen activated protein kinase pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered MAPK pathways have been linked to a spectrum of conditions.
PW_InHouse_dictionary:InHouse
pathway
altered SAPK pathways
PW:0000422
altered stress-regulated MAPK signaling pathway
The processes and pathways involved in maintaining steady-state levels of surfactants, surface-active agents that reduce the surface tension of liquids.
pathway
surfactant homeostasis
PW:0000423
surfactant homeostasis pathway
The processes and pathways involved in maintaining steady-state levels of surfactants, surface-active agents that reduce the surface tension of liquids.
GO:0043129
A surfactant homeostatic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in surfactant proteins and in ABCA3 - a member of the ABC transporters have been implicated in the altered pathway and associated with conditions such as Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in newborns and lung diseases in infants.
pathway
PW:0000424
altered surfactant homeostasis pathway
A surfactant homeostatic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in surfactant proteins and in ABCA3 - a member of the ABC transporters have been implicated in the altered pathway and associated with conditions such as Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in newborns and lung diseases in infants.
PMID:15985750
High glucose-mediated oxidative stress effects on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor, triggering of polyol metabolic pathway and activation of protein kinase c (PKC) signaling are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy.
pathway
PW:0000425
diabetic retinopathy pathway
High glucose-mediated oxidative stress effects on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor, triggering of polyol metabolic pathway and activation of protein kinase c (PKC) signaling are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy.
PMID:16026270
PMID:24373831
PMID:24563789
In the secretory pathway, protein sorting, mainly in trans-Golgi Network (TGN), but also in other compartments, underlies cargo recognition by various carriers to assure the specificity of final localization.
pathway
PW:0000426
protein sorting pathway
In the secretory pathway, protein sorting, mainly in trans-Golgi Network (TGN), but also in other compartments, underlies cargo recognition by various carriers to assure the specificity of final localization.
PMID:17686625
PMID:18216874
PMID:18354421
Molybdenum cofactor is a complex between molybdopterin and an oxide of molybdenum and is required for the activity of several enzymes.
pathway
Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis
PW:0000427
molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic pathway
Molybdenum cofactor is a complex between molybdopterin and an oxide of molybdenum and is required for the activity of several enzymes.
GO:0006777
Reactome:R-HSA-947581
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum
pathway
PW:0000428
altered molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic pathway
pathway
PW:0000429
altered metabolic pathway of cofactors, vitamins, nutrients
pathway
PW:0000430
killed term
true
pathway
PW:0000431
another killed term
true
The protein modification pathway exerts a central role in the regulation of protein function and the pathways these functions impinge upon. It is also used to target proteins for degradation. In the more specialized aspect of protein modification in the secretory pathway, it involves the final modification of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans as well as processing of proteins to their mature forms.
pathway
protein modification process
PW:0000432
protein modification pathway
The protein modification pathway exerts a central role in the regulation of protein function and the pathways these functions impinge upon. It is also used to target proteins for degradation. In the more specialized aspect of protein modification in the secretory pathway, it involves the final modification of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans as well as processing of proteins to their mature forms.
GO:0036211
InHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
Conjugation of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules proceeds via a cascade-like, enzyme-driven mechanism with diverse functionality.
pathway
PW:0000433
protein modification pathway via conjugation with ubiquitin and ubiqutin-like molecules
Conjugation of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules proceeds via a cascade-like, enzyme-driven mechanism with diverse functionality.
PMID:10806345
A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with ubiquitin. Ubiquitination is well known for targeting proteins for degradation. However, ubiquitination is also used as a tag that modulates the signaling outcomes of modified substrates.
pathway
Protein ubiquitination
PW:0000434
ubiquitination pathway
A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with ubiquitin. Ubiquitination is well known for targeting proteins for degradation. However, ubiquitination is also used as a tag that modulates the signaling outcomes of modified substrates.
GO:0016567
PMID:10806345
PMID:21135871
PMID:22420778
Reactome:R-HSA-8852135
A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with Nedd8 - a ubiquitin-like protein. All Nedd8 targets appear to be members of the cullin family. Cullins participate in the assembly of various E3 ligase complexes. The neddylation pathway is important for embryogenesis and cell cycle control in metazoa, embryonic development in animals.
pathway
Neddylation
protein neddylation
PW:0000435
neddylation pathway
A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with Nedd8 - a ubiquitin-like protein. All Nedd8 targets appear to be members of the cullin family. Cullins participate in the assembly of various E3 ligase complexes. The neddylation pathway is important for embryogenesis and cell cycle control in metazoa, embryonic development in animals.
GO:0045116
PMID:10806345
PMID:15021886
Reactome:R-HSA-8951664
The prominent examples of biogenic amines are histamine, serotonin, the catecholamine and the choline derived acetylcholine, all acting as neurotransmitters involved in a wide range of processes.
pathway
PW:0000436
amine neurotransmitter metabolic pathway
The prominent examples of biogenic amines are histamine, serotonin, the catecholamine and the choline derived acetylcholine, all acting as neurotransmitters involved in a wide range of processes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogenic_amine
pathway
PW:0000437
amino acid neurotransmitter metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of alanine. Alanine is a non-essential amino acid with roles in glucose and protein metabolism.
pathway
Alanine metabolism
alanine metabolic process
PW:0000438
alanine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of alanine. Alanine is a non-essential amino acid with roles in glucose and protein metabolism.
GO:0006522
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-8964540
SMP:00055
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of aspartic acid/aspartate. Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid with roles in glucose, protein and nucleotide metabolism. In the brain, it can act as a neurotransmitter.
pathway
SMP:00067
PW:0000439
aspartic acid/aspartate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of aspartic acid/aspartate. Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid with roles in glucose, protein and nucleotide metabolism. In the brain, it can act as a neurotransmitter.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycine, a non-essential amino acid. Glycine has the simplest amino acid structure with a hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
pathway
glycine metabolic process
PW:0000440
glycine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycine, a non-essential amino acid. Glycine has the simplest amino acid structure with a hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
GO:0006544
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of epinephrine - a catecholamine derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. It acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
pathway
adrenaline metabolism
epinephrine metabolic process
PW:0000441
epinephrine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of epinephrine - a catecholamine derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. It acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
GO:0042414
PMID:19342614
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of norepinephrine - a catecholamine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
pathway
noradrenaline metabolism
norepinephrine metabolic process
PW:0000442
norepinephrine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of norepinephrine - a catecholamine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
GO:0042415
PMID:19342614
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of catecholamines - chemical compounds derived from tyrosine. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are among the most abundant and are produced primarily from the adrenal medulla and the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system.
pathway
catecholamine metabolic process
PW:0000443
catecholamine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of catecholamines - chemical compounds derived from tyrosine. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are among the most abundant and are produced primarily from the adrenal medulla and the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system.
GO:0006584
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:19342614
Any of a number of indole derivatives containing an amine group.
pathway
PW:0000444
indoleamine and related compounds metabolic pathway
Any of a number of indole derivatives containing an amine group.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
pathway
PW:0000445
excitatory neurotransmitter metabolic pathway
pathway
PW:0000446
inhibitory neurotransmitter metabolic pathway
pathway
PW:0000447
peptide neurotransmitter metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neuropeptide Y.
pathway
PW:0000448
neuropeptide Y metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neuropeptide Y.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of enkephalin, a pentapeptide involved in the regulation of nociception.
pathway
PW:0000449
enkephalin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of enkephalin, a pentapeptide involved in the regulation of nociception.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neurotensin.
pathway
PW:0000450
neurotensin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neurotensin.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of beta-endorphine - a peptide neurotransmitter that may play a role in depression.
pathway
PW:0000451
beta-endorphin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of beta-endorphine - a peptide neurotransmitter that may play a role in depression.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of substance P - a short-chain polypeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator.
pathway
PW:0000452
substance P metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of substance P - a short-chain polypeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and a neuromodulator.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of an isoprenoid. Isoprenoids are precursors of both sterols and non-sterol derivatives.
pathway
isoprenoid biosynthetic process
steroid alcohol
PW:0000453
isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of an isoprenoid. Isoprenoids are precursors of both sterols and non-sterol derivatives.
GO:0008299
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, an essential sterol component of mammalian cell membrane. Cholesterol is the precursor of all steroid hormones.
pathway
Cholesterol biosynthesis
cholesterol biosynthetic process
PW:0000454
cholesterol biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, an essential sterol component of mammalian cell membrane. Cholesterol is the precursor of all steroid hormones.
GO:0006695
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-191273
SMP:00023
Synaptic transmission, or neurotransmission is the pathway of neuron-to-neuron signaling via the chemical synapse and mediated by neurotransmitters. Their effect can be excitatory or inhibitory and many neurotransmitters can exert either effect. The major excitatory neurotransmitter is the amino acid glutamate.
pathway
excitatory neurotransmission pathway
PW:0000455
excitatory synaptic transmission pathway
Synaptic transmission, or neurotransmission is the pathway of neuron-to-neuron signaling via the chemical synapse and mediated by neurotransmitters. Their effect can be excitatory or inhibitory and many neurotransmitters can exert either effect. The major excitatory neurotransmitter is the amino acid glutamate.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Synaptic transmission, or neurotransmission is the pathway of neuron-to-neuron signaling via the chemical synapse and mediated by neurotransmitters. Their effect can be excitatory or inhibitory and many neurotransmitters can exert either effect. The major inhibitory neurotransmitter is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
pathway
Inhibitory neurotransmission pathway
PW:0000456
Inhibitory synaptic transmission pathway
Synaptic transmission, or neurotransmission is the pathway of neuron-to-neuron signaling via the chemical synapse and mediated by neurotransmitters. Their effect can be excitatory or inhibitory and many neurotransmitters can exert either effect. The major inhibitory neurotransmitter is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Angiotensin III is derived from angiotensin II through the action of aminopeptidase A and in turn is cleaved by aminopeptidase N to generate angiotensin IV. Angiotensin III appears to function in a manner similar to angiotensin II. It plays a role in vasoconstriction and the control of arterial blood pressure. Angiotensin III may be the effective angiotensin peptide in the central nervous system.
pathway
PW:0000457
angiotensin III signaling pathway
Angiotensin III is derived from angiotensin II through the action of aminopeptidase A and in turn is cleaved by aminopeptidase N to generate angiotensin IV. Angiotensin III appears to function in a manner similar to angiotensin II. It plays a role in vasoconstriction and the control of arterial blood pressure. Angiotensin III may be the effective angiotensin peptide in the central nervous system.
PMID:10961935
PMID:11295571
Angiotensin IV is derived from angiotensin III through the action of aminopeptidase N. The receptor for angiotensin IV has been shown to be the insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase. Studies suggest that angiotensin IV signaling activates a number of intracellular second messenger systems and plays a role in vascular remodeling and memory.
pathway
PW:0000458
angiotensin IV signaling pathway
Angiotensin IV is derived from angiotensin III through the action of aminopeptidase N. The receptor for angiotensin IV has been shown to be the insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase. Studies suggest that angiotensin IV signaling activates a number of intracellular second messenger systems and plays a role in vascular remodeling and memory.
PMID:12591177
PMID:15549174
The apelin signaling pathway plays a role in the vascular, cardiac, bone and digestive systems as well as in the brain.
pathway
apelin receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000459
apelin signaling pathway
The apelin signaling pathway plays a role in the vascular, cardiac, bone and digestive systems as well as in the brain.
GO:0060183
PMID:15601620
PMID:15907343
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or conversion of arachidonic acid - a polyunsaturated, omega-6 fatty acid. It is a precursor in the production of eicosanoids and can also be converted to other metabolites, collectively known as the arachidonic acid cascade.
pathway
Arachidonic acid metabolism
arachidonic acid cascade
arachidonic acid metabolic process
PW:0000460
arachidonic acid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or conversion of arachidonic acid - a polyunsaturated, omega-6 fatty acid. It is a precursor in the production of eicosanoids and can also be converted to other metabolites, collectively known as the arachidonic acid cascade.
GO:0019369
KEGG:map00590
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:15896353
Reactome:R-HSA-2142753
SMP:00075
The cyclooxygenase pathway is one of the three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation.
pathway
PW:0000461
cyclooxygenase mediated pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism
The cyclooxygenase pathway is one of the three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation.
PMID:15896353
Lipoxygenase pathway is one of three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation
pathway
PW:0000462
lipoxygenase mediated pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism
Lipoxygenase pathway is one of three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation
PMID:15896353
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase pathway is one the three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation.
pathway
PW:0000463
cytochrome P450 monooxygenase mediated pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase pathway is one the three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation.
PMID:15896353
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of leukotrienes - a class of eicosanoids whose effects include vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction.
pathway
leukotriene metabolic process
PW:0000464
leukotriene metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of leukotrienes - a class of eicosanoids whose effects include vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction.
GO:0006691
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
PMID:15896353
Hormones are a class of molecules that are used as messengers between cells and serve as signals to the target cell. Vertebrate hormones belong to three classes: amine and amino acid derived, peptide and protein hormones, and lipid and phospholipid derived hormones.
pathway
PW:0000465
hormone signaling pathway
Hormones are a class of molecules that are used as messengers between cells and serve as signals to the target cell. Vertebrate hormones belong to three classes: amine and amino acid derived, peptide and protein hormones, and lipid and phospholipid derived hormones.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
pathway
PW:0000466
amine and amino acid-derived hormone signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000467
peptide and protein hormone signaling pathway
steroid hormones - steroids that act as hormones - can be grouped into several categories depending on the receptor to which they bind.
pathway
PW:0000468
steroid hormone signaling pathway
steroid hormones - steroids that act as hormones - can be grouped into several categories depending on the receptor to which they bind.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The main categories of lipid hormones are the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid metabolism and the cholesterol derived steroid hormones. The signaling they initiate plays important roles in metabolism, inflammation and immunity, in the cardiovascular, nervous, renal and reproductive systems.
pathway
PW:0000469
lipid hormone signaling pathway
The main categories of lipid hormones are the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid metabolism and the cholesterol derived steroid hormones. The signaling they initiate plays important roles in metabolism, inflammation and immunity, in the cardiovascular, nervous, renal and reproductive systems.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The natriuretic peptide family consists of three peptide hormones of diverse roles in cardiovascular as well as neuroendocrine and renal functions.
pathway
PW:0000470
natriuretic peptide signaling pathway
The natriuretic peptide family consists of three peptide hormones of diverse roles in cardiovascular as well as neuroendocrine and renal functions.
PMID:15246247
PMID:15758553
PMID:15911062
Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone pathway plays important roles in the regulation of body fluid volume and blood pressure.
pathway
ANP signaling pathway
PW:0000471
atrial natriuretic peptide signaling pathway
Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone pathway plays important roles in the regulation of body fluid volume and blood pressure.
PMID:15246247
PMID:15758553
PMID:15911062
brain natriuretic peptide signaling pathway appears to elicit cardiovascular, renal and endocrine functions similar to those elicited by the atrial natriuretic peptide.
pathway
BNP signaling pathway
PW:0000472
brain natriuretic peptide signaling pathway
brain natriuretic peptide signaling pathway appears to elicit cardiovascular, renal and endocrine functions similar to those elicited by the atrial natriuretic peptide.
PMID:1524624
PMID:15758553
PMID:15911062
The role of the C-type signaling pathway is not well established. The receptor for the C-type natriuretic peptide, unlike the receptors for the other two types of peptides, is non-guanylyl cyclase receptor that appears to couple to adenylyl cyclase inhibition/phospholipase C activation via Gi family of G-protein.
pathway
C-type brain natriuretic peptide signaling pathway
CNP signaling pathway
PW:0000473
C-type natriuretic peptide signaling pathway
The role of the C-type signaling pathway is not well established. The receptor for the C-type natriuretic peptide, unlike the receptors for the other two types of peptides, is non-guanylyl cyclase receptor that appears to couple to adenylyl cyclase inhibition/phospholipase C activation via Gi family of G-protein.
PMID:15246247
PMID:15758553
PMID:15911062
PMID:15911072
The coagulation cascade is the series of events proceeding via the tissue factor (extrinsic) or the contact activation (intrinsic) pathway and converging in the formation of fibrin clots. Several anticoagulation systems are in place to modulate the pathway. The coagulation cascade and the complement pathway of immune responses are connected in a cross talk.
pathway
Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade)
blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation
secondary hemostasis
PW:0000474
coagulation cascade pathway
The coagulation cascade is the series of events proceeding via the tissue factor (extrinsic) or the contact activation (intrinsic) pathway and converging in the formation of fibrin clots. Several anticoagulation systems are in place to modulate the pathway. The coagulation cascade and the complement pathway of immune responses are connected in a cross talk.
GO:0072378
KEGG:04610
PMID:26018600
PMID:26149013
Reactome:R-HSA-140877
Hemostasis is the response to blood vessel injury to prevent blood loss via platelet-mediated primary homeostasis and the secondary homeostasis of coagulation. The latter is a complex cascade which is triggered by the innate immune response and inflammation.
pathway
Hemostasis
haemostasis pathway
PW:0000475
hemostasis pathway
Hemostasis is the response to blood vessel injury to prevent blood loss via platelet-mediated primary homeostasis and the secondary homeostasis of coagulation. The latter is a complex cascade which is triggered by the innate immune response and inflammation.
GO:0007599
PMID:26018600
Reactome:R-HSA-109582
pathway
PW:0000476
cardiovascular system homeostasis pathway
The endogenous routes of inhibiting the coagulation cascade, collectively known as the natural anticoagulant pathways.
pathway
PW:0000477
natural anticoagulant pathway
The endogenous routes of inhibiting the coagulation cascade, collectively known as the natural anticoagulant pathways.
PMID:23031460
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor isoforms alpha and beta are the main anticoagulants targeting the extrinsic coagulation cascade factors F7a and F7a-dependent F10a.
pathway
TFPI
PW:0000478
tissue factor pathway inhibitor
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor isoforms alpha and beta are the main anticoagulants targeting the extrinsic coagulation cascade factors F7a and F7a-dependent F10a.
PMID:24620349
PMID:25377319
Antithrombin (AT) affects the activity of many coagulation factors in the intrinsic and common coagulation cascade. Heparin, though not essential, is an important AT cofactor. increasing the activity of AT by ~1,000-fold.
pathway
PW:0000479
heparin-antithrombin pathway
Antithrombin (AT) affects the activity of many coagulation factors in the intrinsic and common coagulation cascade. Heparin, though not essential, is an important AT cofactor. increasing the activity of AT by ~1,000-fold.
PMID:23031460
Activated protein C, with the aid of protein S, inhibits F8a and F5a - the important cofactors of the intrinsic tenase and thrombinase complexes, respectively, of coagulation cascade.
pathway
PW:0000480
protein C anticoagulant pathway
Activated protein C, with the aid of protein S, inhibits F8a and F5a - the important cofactors of the intrinsic tenase and thrombinase complexes, respectively, of coagulation cascade.
PMID:23809128
The steps leading to the activation of plasminogen and the subsequent breaking down of a fibrin clot - the product of the coagulation cascade.
pathway
Dissolution of Fibrin Clot
fibrinolysis
PW:0000481
fibrinolysis pathway
The steps leading to the activation of plasminogen and the subsequent breaking down of a fibrin clot - the product of the coagulation cascade.
GO:0042730
PMID:26149056
Reactome:R-HSA-75205
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lipoproteins - any of the protein-lipid complexes. In the blood, lipoproteins carry fats essential for the cell. Genetic variability and environmental (nongenetic) factors contribute to alterations in the homeostasis of lipid metabolic pathways and constitute cardiovascular disease risk.
pathway
Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance
lipoprotein metabolic process
PW:0000482
lipoprotein metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lipoproteins - any of the protein-lipid complexes. In the blood, lipoproteins carry fats essential for the cell. Genetic variability and environmental (nongenetic) factors contribute to alterations in the homeostasis of lipid metabolic pathways and constitute cardiovascular disease risk.
GO:0042157
PMID:16011471
Reactome:R-HSA-174824
Those lipid metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant lipid metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie a number of diseases.
pathway
PW:0000483
altered lipid metabolic pathway
Those lipid metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant lipid metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie a number of diseases.
InHouse:PW_InHouse_dictionary
Those lipoprotein metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant lipoprotein metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie several diseases.
pathway
PW:0000484
altered lipoprotein metabolic pathway
Those lipoprotein metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant lipoprotein metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie several diseases.
In_House:PW_In_House_dictionary
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are derived from omega-6 or omega-3 fatty acids and derivatives. Examples include the leukotriene and the prostanoid classes, the latter represented by several families. Eicosanoids play important roles in the immune and vascular systems.
pathway
icosanoid metabolic process
PW:0000485
eicosanoid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are derived from omega-6 or omega-3 fatty acids and derivatives. Examples include the leukotriene and the prostanoid classes, the latter represented by several families. Eicosanoids play important roles in the immune and vascular systems.
GO:0006690
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:15896353
Peptides generated from proteolytic degradation of cytosolic proteins are translocated to the ER where they associate with class I MHC molecules. Peptide-class I MHC complexes move through the Golgi and are transported to the cell surface to be recognized by CD8+ T cells.
pathway
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation
MHC class I antigen presentation pathway
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
class I MHC pathway
PW:0000486
class I major histocompatibility complex pathway
Peptides generated from proteolytic degradation of cytosolic proteins are translocated to the ER where they associate with class I MHC molecules. Peptide-class I MHC complexes move through the Golgi and are transported to the cell surface to be recognized by CD8+ T cells.
GO:0002474
MCW:Handbook_on_cellular_nad_molecular_immunology
PMID:16181325
Reactome:R-HSA-983169
Peptides generated from enzymatic degradation of proteins internalized in late endosomes or lysosomes bind to class II MHC molecules. Peptide-class II MHC complexes are delivered to the cell surface to be recognized by CD4+ T cells.
pathway
MHC class II antigen presentation
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
class II MHC pathway
PW:0000487
class II major histocompatibility complex pathway
Peptides generated from enzymatic degradation of proteins internalized in late endosomes or lysosomes bind to class II MHC molecules. Peptide-class II MHC complexes are delivered to the cell surface to be recognized by CD4+ T cells.
GO:0002495
MCW:Handbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
PMID:16181322
Reactome:R-HSA-2132295
Antigen processing pathway engages the proteosomal machinery in the cytosol, ER specific proteases as well as chaperones for loading the HMC class I molecules with the 8-10 amino acid peptides
pathway
PW:0000488
antigen processing pathway
true
Antigen processing pathway engages the proteosomal machinery in the cytosol, ER specific proteases as well as chaperones for loading the HMC class I molecules with the 8-10 amino acid peptides
PMID:16181325
Angiopoietin signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of angiogenic remodeling. Recent studies suggest that the pathway may also be involved in lymphangiogenesis and possibly in the development of hematopoietic system.
pathway
PW:0000489
angiopoietin signaling pathway
Angiopoietin signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of angiogenic remodeling. Recent studies suggest that the pathway may also be involved in lymphangiogenesis and possibly in the development of hematopoietic system.
PMID:16225862
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is one of the best characterized modules of the Tgf-b superfamily pathways. Binding to the type II receptor leads to activation of the type I receptor and subsequent activation of the Smad pathway. Nuclear translocation of Smad(s) and interaction with transcription factors leads to activation or repression of many genes.
PID:200227
Reactome:R-HSA-170834
pathway
TGF- beta signaling pathway - SMAD dependent
TGF-beta Smad dependent signaling pathway
PW:0000490
transforming growth factor-beta Smad dependent signaling pathway
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is one of the best characterized modules of the Tgf-b superfamily pathways. Binding to the type II receptor leads to activation of the type I receptor and subsequent activation of the Smad pathway. Nuclear translocation of Smad(s) and interaction with transcription factors leads to activation or repression of many genes.
PMID:16678165
The hormone vasopressin plays central roles in cardiovascular and water homeostasis by signaling via two receptor types, G-protein coupled receptors coupling to particular G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins.
pathway
Avp signaling pathway
arginine-vasopressin signaling pathway
PW:0000491
vasopressin signaling pathway
The hormone vasopressin plays central roles in cardiovascular and water homeostasis by signaling via two receptor types, G-protein coupled receptors coupling to particular G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins.
PMID:14624682
PMID:18431594
The renin-angiotensin cascade (RAS) generates a number of bioactive peptides with diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions. RAS exerts vasoconstriction, vasodilation or vascular remodeling, cell proliferation or anti-proliferation effects, depending on which angiotensin peptide generates the signaling. Some of these features are also shared by the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS); the two systems can interact and cross-talk.
pathway
KEGG:04614
RAS system signaling pathway
PW:0000492
renin-angiotensin cascade pathway
The renin-angiotensin cascade (RAS) generates a number of bioactive peptides with diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions. RAS exerts vasoconstriction, vasodilation or vascular remodeling, cell proliferation or anti-proliferation effects, depending on which angiotensin peptide generates the signaling. Some of these features are also shared by the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS); the two systems can interact and cross-talk.
KEGG:ko04614
PMID:12676165
PMID:12793984
PMID:15638741
PMID:15883759
PMID:16816138
Corticotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus in response to stress or fear and signaling through its receptors stimulates secretion of corticotropic (adrenocorticotropic, ACTH) hormone by the anterior pituitary. ACTH is one of the cleavage products of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC).
pathway
CRH
PW:0000493
corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway
Corticotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus in response to stress or fear and signaling through its receptors stimulates secretion of corticotropic (adrenocorticotropic, ACTH) hormone by the anterior pituitary. ACTH is one of the cleavage products of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC).
PMID:20132811
The peptide hormone oxytocin plays a central role in parturition, lactation and sexual behavior.
pathway
PW:0000494
oxytocin signaling pathway
The peptide hormone oxytocin plays a central role in parturition, lactation and sexual behavior.
PMID:14624682
Gas6, a vitamin K-dependent growth factor signals through the Axl subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors. The Gas6-Axl axis appears to be involved in growth and survival of various cell types as well as in tissue remodeling and regeneration. Deregulation of the axis is involved in a number of conditions, particularly renal.
pathway
Gas6-Axl signaling system
PW:0000495
Gas6 - Axl signaling axis
Gas6, a vitamin K-dependent growth factor signals through the Axl subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors. The Gas6-Axl axis appears to be involved in growth and survival of various cell types as well as in tissue remodeling and regeneration. Deregulation of the axis is involved in a number of conditions, particularly renal.
PMID:11290560
PMID:16285961
PMID:16362042
pathway
PW:0000496
exogenous pathway
pathway
PW:0000497
endogenous pathway
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the pathway by which cholesterol from extrahepatic cells/tissue is transported to the liver for excretion. The pathway may prevent the development of atherosclerosis by reducing the accumulation of cholesterol in the walls of arteries.
pathway
RCT pathway
reverse cholesterol transport
selective cholesterol uptake pathway
PW:0000498
reverse cholesterol transport pathway
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the pathway by which cholesterol from extrahepatic cells/tissue is transported to the liver for excretion. The pathway may prevent the development of atherosclerosis by reducing the accumulation of cholesterol in the walls of arteries.
GO:0043691
PMID:16258026
NF-kB signaling plays an essential role in the mammalian immune system. The classical/canonical pathway, downstream but not exclusively of tumor necrosis factor/receptor 1 signaling, is regarded as a paradigm of NF-kB signaling. The classical and the non-classical pathway downstream of a subset of Tnf receptor superfamily, share similar sets of core components, albeit in distinct ways. Collectively they regulate the expression of a vast array of genes.
pathway
KEGG:04064
NF-kB signaling pathway
NF-kappaB signaling pathway
PID:200021
PID:200031
PID:200048
PW:0000499
nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway
NF-kB signaling plays an essential role in the mammalian immune system. The classical/canonical pathway, downstream but not exclusively of tumor necrosis factor/receptor 1 signaling, is regarded as a paradigm of NF-kB signaling. The classical and the non-classical pathway downstream of a subset of Tnf receptor superfamily, share similar sets of core components, albeit in distinct ways. Collectively they regulate the expression of a vast array of genes.
PMID:15371334
PMID:17072321
PMID:18267068
pathway
PW:0000500
tyrosine-based hormone signaling pathway
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling pathway plays important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. The TH receptors are nuclear receptors that once activated act as transcription factors. Low levels of TH stimulate the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus, in turn stimulating the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary whose signaling then triggers TH production. TRH, TSH and TH signaling pathways are part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis for which TH itself provides a negative regulatory loop.
TH signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000501
thyroid hormone signaling pathway
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling pathway plays important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. The TH receptors are nuclear receptors that once activated act as transcription factors. Low levels of TH stimulate the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus, in turn stimulating the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary whose signaling then triggers TH production. TRH, TSH and TH signaling pathways are part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis for which TH itself provides a negative regulatory loop.
PMID:20015660
PMID:20872316
PMID:22759379
The complement system is an important effector of innate and also of humoral adaptive immunity. It consists of three biochemical cascades that are differently initiated but share similar late steps and effector functions. The complement pathway and the coagulation cascade are connected in a cross talk.
pathway
Complement cascade
complement activation
PW:0000502
complement system pathway
The complement system is an important effector of innate and also of humoral adaptive immunity. It consists of three biochemical cascades that are differently initiated but share similar late steps and effector functions. The complement pathway and the coagulation cascade are connected in a cross talk.
GO:0006956
KEGG:04610
PMID:11287977
PMID:26149013
Reactome:R-HSA-166658
The classical complement pathway is one of the three biochemical pathways of the complement system. It is activated by antigen-bound antibodies.
pathway
Classical antibody-mediated complement activation
classical pathway
complement activation, classical pathway
PW:0000503
classical complement pathway
The classical complement pathway is one of the three biochemical pathways of the complement system. It is activated by antigen-bound antibodies.
GO:0006958
KEGG:map04610
PMID:11287977
Reactome:R-HSA-173623
The lectin pathway is one of the three biochemical pathways of the complement system. It is activated by microbial polysaccharides binding to circulating lectins.
pathway
Lectin pathway of complement activation
complement activation, lectin pathway
lectin pathway
mannose-binding lectin pathway
PW:0000504
lectin complement pathway
The lectin pathway is one of the three biochemical pathways of the complement system. It is activated by microbial polysaccharides binding to circulating lectins.
GO:0001867
KEGG:map04610
PMID:11287977
Reactome:R-HSA-166662
The alternative pathway is one of the three biochemical pathways of the complement system. Stable activation of the alternative pathway occurs on microbial cell surfaces.
pathway
Alternative complement activation
alternative pathway
complement activation, alternative pathway
PW:0000505
alternative complement pathway
The alternative pathway is one of the three biochemical pathways of the complement system. Stable activation of the alternative pathway occurs on microbial cell surfaces.
GO:0006957
KEGG:map04610
PMID:11287977
Reactome:R-HSA-173736
Endothelins represent a family of three vasoconstrictor peptides that play a role in several intracellular signaling pathways and have been associated with hypertension, heart failure and myocardial infarction.
pathway
endothelin receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000506
endothelin signaling pathway
Endothelins represent a family of three vasoconstrictor peptides that play a role in several intracellular signaling pathways and have been associated with hypertension, heart failure and myocardial infarction.
GO:0086100
PID:200005
PMID:15124920
PMID:16269952
Estrogens are C18 steroid hormones that constitute the females sex hormones. Estrogens signal via the estrogen receptor which, once activated, drives the expression of target genes.
pathway
ESR-mediated signaling
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000507
estrogen signaling pathway
Estrogens are C18 steroid hormones that constitute the females sex hormones. Estrogens signal via the estrogen receptor which, once activated, drives the expression of target genes.
GO:0030520
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:14993442
PMID:19996532
Reactome:R-HSA-8939211
The pathway involving the attachment of platelets to one another and leading to the formation of a thrombus. Platelet attachment can be induced by a variety of agents.
pathway
Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation)
platelet aggregation
primary hemostasis
PW:0000508
platelet aggregation pathway
The pathway involving the attachment of platelets to one another and leading to the formation of a thrombus. Platelet attachment can be induced by a variety of agents.
GO:0070527
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-76009
A hormone signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
pathway
PW:0000509
altered hormone signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000510
altered insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000511
altered peptide and protein hormone signaling pathway
Signaling by interleukin family members plays various roles in the immune response.
pathway
Signaling by Interleukins
PW:0000512
Interleukin mediated signaling pathway
Signaling by interleukin family members plays various roles in the immune response.
Reactome:R-HSA-449147
The interleukin-10 family comprises several interleukins, including members of the interferon type III also known as interferon lambda or interferon-like type, that carry out various immunomodulatory functions.
pathway
Il-10 family mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000513
interleukin-10 family mediated signaling pathway
The interleukin-10 family comprises several interleukins, including members of the interferon type III also known as interferon lambda or interferon-like type, that carry out various immunomodulatory functions.
PMID:11929132
PMID:20454917
PMID:21112807
The interleukin-6 family includes several members involved in a wide range of biological processes such as immune regulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis. All members share a common signal transducer, gp130, which activates Jak-Stat and Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathways.
pathway
Il-6 family mediated signaling pathway
Interleukin-6 family signaling
PW:0000514
interleukin-6 family mediated signaling pathway
The interleukin-6 family includes several members involved in a wide range of biological processes such as immune regulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis. All members share a common signal transducer, gp130, which activates Jak-Stat and Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathways.
PMID:20410258
PMID:21715184
Reactome:R-HSA-6783589
Interleukin-10 signaling is involved in various immunomodulatory functions. It promotes the release of immune mediators and antigen presentation, exerting important anti-inflammatory effects that may primarily characterize this family member. Signaling by Il-10 and the other members of the family activate the intracellular Jak-Stat cascade.
pathway
Il-10 signaling pathway
Interleukin-10 signaling
interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000515
Interleukin-10 signaling pathway
Interleukin-10 signaling is involved in various immunomodulatory functions. It promotes the release of immune mediators and antigen presentation, exerting important anti-inflammatory effects that may primarily characterize this family member. Signaling by Il-10 and the other members of the family activate the intracellular Jak-Stat cascade.
GO:0140105
PMID:20454917
PMID:21115385
Reactome:R-HSA-6783783
Interleukin-6 signaling is involved in a wide range of biological processes such as immune regulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis. A signal transducer common to all family members, gp130 activates Jak-Stat and Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathways.
Il-6 signaling pathway
pathway
Interleukin-6 signaling
interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000516
interleukin-6 signaling pathway
Interleukin-6 signaling is involved in a wide range of biological processes such as immune regulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis. A signal transducer common to all family members, gp130 activates Jak-Stat and Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathways.
GO:0070102
PID:200146
PMID:20303867
PMID:20410258
PMID:21715184
Reactome:R-HSA-1059683
A pathway leading to a general or specific artery occlusion.
pathway
PW:0000517
arterial occlusive disease pathway
A pathway leading to a general or specific artery occlusion.
MeSH:Medical_Subject_Headings
A pathway leading to the thickening of medium and large arteries. While lipoprotein related pathways are of interest, monogenic conditions such as those linked to mutations in the laminin gene may also provide clues regarding atherosclerosis pathways.
pathway
PW:0000518
atherosclerosis pathway
A pathway leading to the thickening of medium and large arteries. While lipoprotein related pathways are of interest, monogenic conditions such as those linked to mutations in the laminin gene may also provide clues regarding atherosclerosis pathways.
PMID:15205220
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of DDT - a chlorinated organic insecticide and environmental pollutant. Although it is banned in the United States, it is still widely used in developing countries.
pathway
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane catabolic process
DDT degradation pathway
PW:0000519
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of DDT - a chlorinated organic insecticide and environmental pollutant. Although it is banned in the United States, it is still widely used in developing countries.
GO:0042188
KEGG:map00351
http://umbbd.msi.umn.edu/ddt/ddt_map.html
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate - a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of over 200 polychlorinated biphenyls.
pathway
2,4-dichlorobenzoate catabolic process
PW:0000520
2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate - a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of over 200 polychlorinated biphenyls.
GO:0046298
KEGG:map00623
http://umbbd.msi.umn.edu/dcb/dcb_map.html
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane - a moderately reactive alkylating compound.
pathway
1,2-dichloroethane catabolic process
PW:0000521
1,2-dichloroethane degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane - a moderately reactive alkylating compound.
GO:0019260
KEGG:map00631
http://umbbd.msi.umn.edu/dce/dce_map.html
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids - a class of plant secondary metabolites generally known for their antioxidant activity.
pathway
flavonoid biosynthetic process
PW:0000522
flavonoid biosynthetic pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids - a class of plant secondary metabolites generally known for their antioxidant activity.
GO:0009813
KEGG:map00941
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of linoleic acid - an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that humans and other animals cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet.
pathway
Linoleic acid (LA) metabolism
linoleic acid metabolic process
PW:0000523
linoleic acid metabolic pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of linoleic acid - an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that humans and other animals cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet.
GO:0043651
KEGG:map00591
Reactome:R-HSA-2046105
SMP:00018
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate. Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan occurring in the cell membrane of most cells. It consists of repeating disaccharide units in specific linkage, each composed of a glucosamine residue linked to a uronic acid, either glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid, which may be sulfated.
pathway
HS-GAG biosynthesis
heparin biosynthetic process
PW:0000524
heparan sulfate biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate. Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan occurring in the cell membrane of most cells. It consists of repeating disaccharide units in specific linkage, each composed of a glucosamine residue linked to a uronic acid, either glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid, which may be sulfated.
GO:0030210
KEGG:map00534
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-2022928
pathway
PW:0000525
Ras mediated signaling pathway
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) cascade generates several bioactive kinins with roles in vasodilation, release of inflammatory mediators and stimulation of sensory neurons. Kinins also play a role in the renal handling of sodium and water metabolism. In the latter case, the system parallels renin-angiotensin (RAS); the two systems can cross-talk.
pathway
KKS system signaling pathway
tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
PW:0000526
kallikrein-kinin cascade pathway
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) cascade generates several bioactive kinins with roles in vasodilation, release of inflammatory mediators and stimulation of sensory neurons. Kinins also play a role in the renal handling of sodium and water metabolism. In the latter case, the system parallels renin-angiotensin (RAS); the two systems can cross-talk.
GO:0002255
PMID:12558525
PMID:12676165
PMID:12793984
PMID:16177542
Angiotensin II signaling through the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1) activates downstream signaling pathways and elicits a broad range of physiological responses. It is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and volume, water and electrolyte balance and exerts a potent vasoconstrictive effect.
pathway
PW:0000527
angiotensin II signaling pathway via AT1 receptor
Angiotensin II signaling through the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1) activates downstream signaling pathways and elicits a broad range of physiological responses. It is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and volume, water and electrolyte balance and exerts a potent vasoconstrictive effect.
PMID:10977869
PMID:12676164
PMID:16141358
Angiotensin II signaling through the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2) is less well understood and rather controversial. It appears to counteract AT1 receptor function and promote apoptosis. Alternatively, it may complement the effects of AT1 receptor with deleterious consequences in cardiac pathologies. AT2 receptor appears to function in a G-protein dependent as well as independent manner.
pathway
PW:0000528
angiotensin II signaling pathway via AT2 receptor
Angiotensin II signaling through the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2) is less well understood and rather controversial. It appears to counteract AT1 receptor function and promote apoptosis. Alternatively, it may complement the effects of AT1 receptor with deleterious consequences in cardiac pathologies. AT2 receptor appears to function in a G-protein dependent as well as independent manner.
PMID:10977869
PMID:12734384
PMID:15158138
PMID:16286568
Angiotensin (1-7) is derived from angiotensin II through the action of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) or from angiotensin I through the action of neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Angiotensin (1-7) signaling appears to have a vasodilatory effect but the exact action of this peptide in humans remains to be established.
pathway
PW:0000529
angiotensin (1-7) signaling pathway
Angiotensin (1-7) is derived from angiotensin II through the action of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) or from angiotensin I through the action of neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Angiotensin (1-7) signaling appears to have a vasodilatory effect but the exact action of this peptide in humans remains to be established.
PMID:15687842
PMID:15962175
PMID:16520407
Angiotensin III, like angiotensin II, binds to the type 1 and 2 receptors and triggers downstream signaling pathways. In rats, angiotensin III signaling through the receptor type 1 (AT1) can modulate noradrenergic transmission via phospholipase C activation.
pathway
PW:0000530
angiotensin III signaling pathway via AT1 receptor
Angiotensin III, like angiotensin II, binds to the type 1 and 2 receptors and triggers downstream signaling pathways. In rats, angiotensin III signaling through the receptor type 1 (AT1) can modulate noradrenergic transmission via phospholipase C activation.
PMID:11100981
The role of angiotensin type 2 receptor is less well understood. In rats, angiotensin III can mediate natriuresis through the activation of receptor type 2.
pathway
PW:0000531
angiotensin III signaling pathway via AT2 receptor
The role of angiotensin type 2 receptor is less well understood. In rats, angiotensin III can mediate natriuresis through the activation of receptor type 2.
PMID:16380540
Those metabolic reactions leading to the biosynthesis of glycogen, a highly branched polysaccharide. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in the cell; it represents an energy reserve that can be mobilized when and where there is a need for glucose.
pathway
Glycogen synthesis
glycogen biosynthetic process
glycogenesis
PW:0000532
glycogen biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions leading to the biosynthesis of glycogen, a highly branched polysaccharide. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in the cell; it represents an energy reserve that can be mobilized when and where there is a need for glucose.
GO:0005978
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-3322077
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycogen, a highly branched polysaccharide that constitutes the major form of glucose storage in the cell.
pathway
Glycogen metabolism
glycogen metabolic process
PW:0000533
glycogen metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycogen, a highly branched polysaccharide that constitutes the major form of glucose storage in the cell.
GO:0005977
InHouse:www.rgd.mcw
Reactome:R-HSA-8982491
Those metabolic reactions involved in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphate can then be dephosphorylated to glucose or it can be utilized via glycolysis for energy production; an alternative pathway of G6P utilization is the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate shunt. A small percentage of glucose-6-phosphate can be converted to hexosamines.
pathway
Glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis)
glycogen catabolic process
glycogenolysis
PW:0000534
glycogen degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphate can then be dephosphorylated to glucose or it can be utilized via glycolysis for energy production; an alternative pathway of G6P utilization is the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate shunt. A small percentage of glucose-6-phosphate can be converted to hexosamines.
GO:0005980
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-70221
The pathway that mediates the transport of proteins to their proper destination and the trafficking of proteins between organelles. Notable examples are the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and the mitochondrial protein import pathways.
pathway
protein transport
PW:0000535
protein transport pathway
The pathway that mediates the transport of proteins to their proper destination and the trafficking of proteins between organelles. Notable examples are the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and the mitochondrial protein import pathways.
GO:0015031
PMID:26172624
In the constitutive secretory pathway, common to all cell types, newly synthesized proteins are sorted into transport vesicles and targeted to their destination in the absence of a signal.
pathway
constitutive secretory pathway
PW:0000536
constitutive protein secretory pathway
In the constitutive secretory pathway, common to all cell types, newly synthesized proteins are sorted into transport vesicles and targeted to their destination in the absence of a signal.
GO:0045054
PMID:21907200
PMID:23182824
In the regulated secretory pathway, secreted proteins are sorted into secretory vesicles which are stored intracellularly and move to the final destination upon receiving a signal. It is a salient feature of endocrine and neuroendocrine cells.
pathway
regulated exocytosis
PW:0000537
regulated protein secretory pathway
In the regulated secretory pathway, secreted proteins are sorted into secretory vesicles which are stored intracellularly and move to the final destination upon receiving a signal. It is a salient feature of endocrine and neuroendocrine cells.
GO:0045055
PMID:21907200
The import-export cycle that underlies the shuttling of proteins between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
pathway
PW:0000538
nuclear protein transport pathway
The import-export cycle that underlies the shuttling of proteins between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
PMID:26172624
Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted primarily from the stomach in response to fasting that can downregulate energy expenditure and lead to weight increase.
pathway
PW:0000539
ghrelin system pathway
Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted primarily from the stomach in response to fasting that can downregulate energy expenditure and lead to weight increase.
PMID:16550252
PMID:17202582
Obesity, usually defined as 20% or more excess body weight, constitutes a major public health problem and an independent risk factor for a number of conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Deregulation of energy homeostasis, of various metabolic and signaling pathways, genetic and environmental aspects, all can contribute to the development of an obese state.
obesity disease pathway
pathway
PW:0000540
obesity pathway
Obesity, usually defined as 20% or more excess body weight, constitutes a major public health problem and an independent risk factor for a number of conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Deregulation of energy homeostasis, of various metabolic and signaling pathways, genetic and environmental aspects, all can contribute to the development of an obese state.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
pathway
PW:0000541
signaling pathway involving second messengers
AMPK senses changes in cellular energy as an ATP/AMP ratio. AMP binding allosterically activates AMPK; subsequent phosphorylation events lead to repression of energy consuming pathways. One target of AMPK is the mTOR signaling pathway. AMPK activates the inhibitory Tsc2 while inhibiting the mTorc1 complex.
pathway
5'AMP-activated protein kinase
AMPK signaling pathway
PW:0000542
adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway
AMPK senses changes in cellular energy as an ATP/AMP ratio. AMP binding allosterically activates AMPK; subsequent phosphorylation events lead to repression of energy consuming pathways. One target of AMPK is the mTOR signaling pathway. AMPK activates the inhibitory Tsc2 while inhibiting the mTorc1 complex.
PMID:15509864
PMID:16885148
Protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is a widely used intracellular pathway and the major route for channeling the cAMP signal. cAMP is regulated by adenylyl cyclases that produce it and phosphodiesterases that hydrolyze it. Compartmentalization of PKA signaling is mediated by the AKAP family of scaffold proteins that bring together the kinase, cAMP modulators and sometimes the targets.
pathway
cAMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway
cAMP/PKA signaling pathway
protein kinase A signaling
PW:0000543
protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway
Protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is a widely used intracellular pathway and the major route for channeling the cAMP signal. cAMP is regulated by adenylyl cyclases that produce it and phosphodiesterases that hydrolyze it. Compartmentalization of PKA signaling is mediated by the AKAP family of scaffold proteins that bring together the kinase, cAMP modulators and sometimes the targets.
GO:0010737
PMID:14715913
PMID:16214430
Reactome:REACT_15530.1
An impaired pathway of reverse cholesterol transport and efflux can pose a risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. This varies in severity and manifestation depending on which gene in the pathway is affected.
pathway
altered RCT pathway
PW:0000544
altered reverse cholesterol transport pathway
An impaired pathway of reverse cholesterol transport and efflux can pose a risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. This varies in severity and manifestation depending on which gene in the pathway is affected.
PMID:16258026
pathway
PW:0000545
altered transport pathway
The pathways of mRNA quality control whereby erroneous mRNA is degraded in the nucleus or cytoplasm, or normal mRNA accumulated in the nucleus is degraded.
mRNA quality control pathway
mRNA surveillance pathway
pathway
mRNA catabolic process
PW:0000546
mRNA decay pathway
The pathways of mRNA quality control whereby erroneous mRNA is degraded in the nucleus or cytoplasm, or normal mRNA accumulated in the nucleus is degraded.
GO:0006402
KEGG:map03015
KEGG:map03018
PMID:15933735
The nuclear exosome pathway degrades erroneous mRNA as well as normal mRNA that has accumulated in the nucleus. The nucleolar exosome is involved in the processing of rRNA.
pathway
exosome mediated mRNA degradation pathway
PW:0000547
exosome mediated RNA decay pathway
The nuclear exosome pathway degrades erroneous mRNA as well as normal mRNA that has accumulated in the nucleus. The nucleolar exosome is involved in the processing of rRNA.
PMID:15933735
PMID:18786828
PMID:20097077
The nonsense-mediated decay pathway (NMD) degrades mRNA that contains a premature translation termination codon (PTC) and is one of the best characterized systems in eukaryotes.
pathway
NMD pathway
Nonsense-Mediated Decay (NMD)
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
PW:0000548
nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway
The nonsense-mediated decay pathway (NMD) degrades mRNA that contains a premature translation termination codon (PTC) and is one of the best characterized systems in eukaryotes.
GO:0000184
PMID:15933735
PMID:17010613
PMID:22664987
Reactome:R-HSA-927802
The nonstop mRNA decay pathway degrades mRNA that lacks a translation termination codon.
NSD pathway
pathway
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay
PW:0000549
nonstop mRNA decay pathway
The nonstop mRNA decay pathway degrades mRNA that lacks a translation termination codon.
GO:0070481
PMID:15933735
PMID:22664987
Staufen-mediated mRNA decay pathway (SMD) is a rather novel pathway identified in mammals. Staufen (Stau1) is thought to be involved in mRNA localization and it has recently been shown to be involved in mRNA decay. It shares some of the features of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway (NMD) but does not require components essential for NMD.
pathway
SMD pathway
PW:0000550
Staufen-mediated mRNA decay pathway
Staufen-mediated mRNA decay pathway (SMD) is a rather novel pathway identified in mammals. Staufen (Stau1) is thought to be involved in mRNA localization and it has recently been shown to be involved in mRNA decay. It shares some of the features of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway (NMD) but does not require components essential for NMD.
PMID:15680326
PMID:15809649
PMID:15933735
An mRNA decay pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. An aberrant mRNA decay pathway would lead to the translation of erroneous mRNA with potentially serious consequences.
pathway
PW:0000551
altered mRNA decay pathway
An mRNA decay pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. An aberrant mRNA decay pathway would lead to the translation of erroneous mRNA with potentially serious consequences.
InHouse_PW:InHouse_PW
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids or brassins, a group of plant hormones released in response to low oxygen and sugar, or to root stresses.
pathway
brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
PW:0000552
brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids or brassins, a group of plant hormones released in response to low oxygen and sugar, or to root stresses.
GO:0016132
KEGG:map00905
http://www.onelook.com
Those pathways involved in the balanced maintenance of glucose levels, transport and processing as demanded by the needs of the cells, tissues and organs. Glucose is an important and the most efficient fuel source. Disruption of glucose homeostasis underlies many complex disorders.
pathway
glucose homeostasis
PW:0000553
glucose homeostasis pathway
Those pathways involved in the balanced maintenance of glucose levels, transport and processing as demanded by the needs of the cells, tissues and organs. Glucose is an important and the most efficient fuel source. Disruption of glucose homeostasis underlies many complex disorders.
GO:0042593
PMID:15466941
Glucose diffusion into cells requires specific transporter proteins. Two families of hexose transporters facilitate glucose transport down its concentration gradient.
Reactome:R-HSA-189200
pathway
Cellular hexose transport
PW:0000554
glucose transport pathway
Glucose diffusion into cells requires specific transporter proteins. Two families of hexose transporters facilitate glucose transport down its concentration gradient.
GO:0015758
PMID:15449578
PMID:15466941
Reactome:REACT_212.3
The various pathways thereby glucose is oxidized to produce energy, is converted to other molecules or is stored for further use.
pathway
PW:0000555
glucose utilization pathway
The various pathways thereby glucose is oxidized to produce energy, is converted to other molecules or is stored for further use.
PMID:15466941
The various pathways thereby glucose is converted to other compounds to yield primarily ATP. The final oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water produces a net of 38 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
pathway
PW:0000556
glucose oxidation pathway
The various pathways thereby glucose is converted to other compounds to yield primarily ATP. The final oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water produces a net of 38 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.
PMID:15466941
Glycogen is the major form of glucose storage. Excess glucose is converted into glycogen - a highly branched polysaccharide. When glucose is rapidly needed, glycogen can be broken down via glycogenolysis.
pathway
PW:0000557
glucose storage pathway
Glycogen is the major form of glucose storage. Excess glucose is converted into glycogen - a highly branched polysaccharide. When glucose is rapidly needed, glycogen can be broken down via glycogenolysis.
PMID:15466941
pathway
PW:0000558
glucose conversion pathway
The formation of nucleotide hexosamines, primarily UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, constitutes the final step in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway which provides substrates for the O-linked glycosylation of proteins. Glycoproteins that are either secreted from the cell or inserted into the plasma membrane undergo N-linked glycosylation. The O-linked glycosylation of nuclear and/or cytosolic proteins confers a signaling dimension to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway.
pathway
PW:0000559
hexosamine biosynthetic pathway
The formation of nucleotide hexosamines, primarily UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, constitutes the final step in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway which provides substrates for the O-linked glycosylation of proteins. Glycoproteins that are either secreted from the cell or inserted into the plasma membrane undergo N-linked glycosylation. The O-linked glycosylation of nuclear and/or cytosolic proteins confers a signaling dimension to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway.
PMID:15466941
PMID:16885148
The GLUT family contains 14 members in mammals which can be grouped into 3 classes based on sequence similarities. The members of group I (best characterized) and of group III transporters facilitate glucose transport.
pathway
GLUT mediated glucose transport pathway
PW:0000560
facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway
The GLUT family contains 14 members in mammals which can be grouped into 3 classes based on sequence similarities. The members of group I (best characterized) and of group III transporters facilitate glucose transport.
PMID:15449578
PMID:15466941
PMID:17717074
PMID:18171430
PMID:18570632
The sodium-glucose or the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters are characterized by the presence of 14 transmembrane alpha-helices. The N- and C-termini are responsible for permeating sodium and sugar, respectively.
pathway
SGLT mediated glucose transport pathway
PW:0000561
sodium-glucose cotransporter mediated glucose transport pathway
The sodium-glucose or the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters are characterized by the presence of 14 transmembrane alpha-helices. The N- and C-termini are responsible for permeating sodium and sugar, respectively.
PMID:15449578
PMID:15466941
The growth hormone signaling pathway is an important regulator of postnatal development. However, despite many years of research, the molecular mechanisms underlying its many actions are incompletely understood. It is believed that its actions involve direct and indirect routes. An example of the latter is the role the pathway plays in stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor.
pathway
Growth hormone receptor signaling
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000562
growth hormone signaling pathway
The growth hormone signaling pathway is an important regulator of postnatal development. However, despite many years of research, the molecular mechanisms underlying its many actions are incompletely understood. It is believed that its actions involve direct and indirect routes. An example of the latter is the role the pathway plays in stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor.
GO:0060396
PMID:19407495
PMID:8853443
Reactome:R-HSA-982772
Adiponectin signaling, by a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue, impacts on metabolic pathways such as glucose and lipid metabolism, possibly via activation of the AMPK pathway. Its deregulation has been linked to obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
pathway
adiponectin-activated signaling pathway
PW:0000563
adiponectin signaling pathway
Adiponectin signaling, by a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue, impacts on metabolic pathways such as glucose and lipid metabolism, possibly via activation of the AMPK pathway. Its deregulation has been linked to obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
GO:0033211
PMID:16634986
PMID:16823476
PMID:17140553
Androgens are C19 steroids that constitutes the male sex hormones. They are also the precursors of female sex hormones, the estrogens. Testosterone and its more potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone bind to androgen receptors to then translocate to the nucleus and activate the transcription of target genes. Many regulators, both activators and repressors, have been identified. Upregulation of receptor activity has been implicated in prostate cancer.
pathway
PID:200105
PW:0000564
androgen signaling pathway
Androgens are C19 steroids that constitutes the male sex hormones. They are also the precursors of female sex hormones, the estrogens. Testosterone and its more potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone bind to androgen receptors to then translocate to the nucleus and activate the transcription of target genes. Many regulators, both activators and repressors, have been identified. Upregulation of receptor activity has been implicated in prostate cancer.
PMID:17163421
PMID:18657355
Eicosanoids, derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, are represented by the leukotriene and prostanoid classes of which the latter is represented by several families. Some can act as endogenous ligands for members of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). Once activated, PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and modulate the expression of target genes.
PW:0001294
pathway
PID:200082
PW:0000565
eicosanoid signaling pathway
Eicosanoids, derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, are represented by the leukotriene and prostanoid classes of which the latter is represented by several families. Some can act as endogenous ligands for members of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). Once activated, PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and modulate the expression of target genes.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Corticosteroids group together glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, C21-steroid hormones derived from cholesterol. They control a wide range of physiological and cellular responses. Synthetic drugs mimicking their effects are used in the treatment of many conditions. Side effects, long-term use and/or natural deficiencies have been associated with various disorders.
pathway
PW:0000566
corticosteroid signaling pathway
Corticosteroids group together glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, C21-steroid hormones derived from cholesterol. They control a wide range of physiological and cellular responses. Synthetic drugs mimicking their effects are used in the treatment of many conditions. Side effects, long-term use and/or natural deficiencies have been associated with various disorders.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Sex steroid mediated signaling pathways have important roles in the development and/or maintenance of sex-specific characteristics or attributes.
pathway
PW:0000567
sex steroids signaling pathway
Sex steroid mediated signaling pathways have important roles in the development and/or maintenance of sex-specific characteristics or attributes.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Aldosterone signaling through the mineralocorticoid receptor plays an important role in the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body. Its biosynthesis is primarily regulated by the renin-angiotensin system and potassium ions concentration.
pathway
KEGG:04960
PW:0000568
aldosterone signaling pathway
Aldosterone signaling through the mineralocorticoid receptor plays an important role in the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body. Its biosynthesis is primarily regulated by the renin-angiotensin system and potassium ions concentration.
PMID:16002531
PMID:17293689
Cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is the most important glucocorticoid. Cortisol signaling, via binding to the glucocorticoid receptor present in almost every animal cell, is essential for many cellular and physiological functions.
pathway
PID:200030
PW:0000569
cortisol signaling pathway
Cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone, is the most important glucocorticoid. Cortisol signaling, via binding to the glucocorticoid receptor present in almost every animal cell, is essential for many cellular and physiological functions.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of hexosamines, amino sugars created by adding an amino group to a hexose. Hexosamines, particularly N-acetylglucosamine, are used to modify proteins.
pathway
PW:0000570
hexosamine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of hexosamines, amino sugars created by adding an amino group to a hexose. Hexosamines, particularly N-acetylglucosamine, are used to modify proteins.
Onelook:www.onelook.com,_PubMed
Signaling pathways activated by members of the neurotrophic family of growth factors are involved in differentiation of progenitor cells, survival and differentiation of neural cells. They exert their effects by engaging specific tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptors.
pathway
KEGG:04722
PW:0000571
neurotrophic factor signaling pathway
Signaling pathways activated by members of the neurotrophic family of growth factors are involved in differentiation of progenitor cells, survival and differentiation of neural cells. They exert their effects by engaging specific tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptors.
PMID:25221473
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway plays important roles in the growth, differentiation and survival of neurons, particularly the striatal neurons. BDNF signals via the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type B (TrkB) to activate PKC, PI3K-AKT and MAPK/ERK intracellular pathways. Impaired BDNF signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of conditions such as Huntington Disease (HD) and psychiatric disorders. Upregulation, on the other hand, is associated with several malignancies.
pathway
BDNF activates NTRK2 (TRKB) signaling
BDNF signaling pathway
brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000572
brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway plays important roles in the growth, differentiation and survival of neurons, particularly the striatal neurons. BDNF signals via the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type B (TrkB) to activate PKC, PI3K-AKT and MAPK/ERK intracellular pathways. Impaired BDNF signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of conditions such as Huntington Disease (HD) and psychiatric disorders. Upregulation, on the other hand, is associated with several malignancies.
GO:0031547
PMID:23670594
PMID:25221473
Reactome:R-HSA-9024909
The oxidative (linear) phase of the pentose phosphate pathway involves the oxidation and decarboxylation of glucose-6-phosphate to produce the 5 carbon sugar ribulose-5-phosphate with the generation of NADPH.
pathway
pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch
PW:0000573
pentose phosphate pathway - oxidative phase
The oxidative (linear) phase of the pentose phosphate pathway involves the oxidation and decarboxylation of glucose-6-phosphate to produce the 5 carbon sugar ribulose-5-phosphate with the generation of NADPH.
GO:0009051
OneLook:www.oneloook.com
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
The non-oxidative (circular) phase of the pentose phosphate pathway involves conversion of ribulose-5-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate, important in the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids, or of 3 or 6 carbon sugars.
pathway
pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch
PW:0000574
pentose phosphate pathway - non-oxidative phase
The non-oxidative (circular) phase of the pentose phosphate pathway involves conversion of ribulose-5-phosphate to ribose-5-phosphate, important in the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids, or of 3 or 6 carbon sugars.
GO:0009052
OneLook:www.oneloook.com
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
Those pathways that mediate the transport of sugars across the cell membrane. Transport of glucose, one of the major energy sources in the cell, is an important aspect of the sugar transport pathway.
pathway
Cellular hexose transport
carbohydrate transport pathway
PW:0000575
sugar transport pathway
Those pathways that mediate the transport of sugars across the cell membrane. Transport of glucose, one of the major energy sources in the cell, is an important aspect of the sugar transport pathway.
Reactome:R-HSA-189200
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
The GLUT family contains 14 members in mammals which can be grouped into 3 classes based on sequence similarities. These transporters are characterized by the presence of 12 transmembrane alpha helices. Of the 14 members of the GLUT family, 11 have been shown to be involved in sugar transport pathway.
pathway
GLUT mediated sugar transport pathway
PW:0000576
facilitative sugar transporter mediated sugar transport pathway
The GLUT family contains 14 members in mammals which can be grouped into 3 classes based on sequence similarities. These transporters are characterized by the presence of 12 transmembrane alpha helices. Of the 14 members of the GLUT family, 11 have been shown to be involved in sugar transport pathway.
PMID:15449578
PMID:15466941
Cytokines are small proteins released by the cell and acting as intercellular mediators. Chemokines are a subset of cytokine that can attract and activate leukocytes. They are characterized by a small size and the presence of four cysteines whose location is important for their structural folding. Cytokines or chemokines binding to cognate receptors triggers numerous downstream signaling cascades.
pathway
PW:0000577
cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
Cytokines are small proteins released by the cell and acting as intercellular mediators. Chemokines are a subset of cytokine that can attract and activate leukocytes. They are characterized by a small size and the presence of four cysteines whose location is important for their structural folding. Cytokines or chemokines binding to cognate receptors triggers numerous downstream signaling cascades.
MCW_library:Handbook_on_molecular_and_cellular_immunology
Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor signaling impacts on various biological processes such as proliferation and survival, morphogenesis and motility. SF/HGF and its receptor c-Met have also been implicated in tumor growth and angiogenesis.
pathway
SF/HGF signaling pathway
Signaling by MET
hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000578
scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor signaling pathway
Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor signaling impacts on various biological processes such as proliferation and survival, morphogenesis and motility. SF/HGF and its receptor c-Met have also been implicated in tumor growth and angiogenesis.
GO:0048012
PMID:16212809
PMID:16778093
PMID:18175071
Reactome:R-HSA-6806834
Somatostatin signaling through its receptors regulates processes such as proliferation, secretion and motility via inhibition of growth hormone and factor. The potential anti-tumor activity of somatostatin has led to the development and clinical use of its analogs.
pathway
SRIF
somatotropin release inhibitory factor
PW:0000579
somatostatin signaling pathway
Somatostatin signaling through its receptors regulates processes such as proliferation, secretion and motility via inhibition of growth hormone and factor. The potential anti-tumor activity of somatostatin has led to the development and clinical use of its analogs.
GO:0038170
PMID:15078190
PMID:15153426
PMID:15853632
PMID:16625838
Translation initiation is the first, the rate-limiting and the most regulated step of translation. It involves the formation of a scanning- competent small ribosomal subunit. Upon finding the initiation codon, scanning is stopped, the large 60S subunit joins, and an elongation-competent 80S ribosome is formed.
pathway
translational initiation
PW:0000580
translation initiation pathway
Translation initiation is the first, the rate-limiting and the most regulated step of translation. It involves the formation of a scanning- competent small ribosomal subunit. Upon finding the initiation codon, scanning is stopped, the large 60S subunit joins, and an elongation-competent 80S ribosome is formed.
GO:0006413
PMID:17680008
PMID:22815232
PMID:24499181
Translation elongation involves sampling of aminoacyl-tRNAs until a cognate tRNA is found followed by peptidyl transfer and translocation reactions. The iterative step continues until a stop codon is read or other events stall the ribosome.
pathway
translational elongation
PW:0000581
translation elongation pathway
Translation elongation involves sampling of aminoacyl-tRNAs until a cognate tRNA is found followed by peptidyl transfer and translocation reactions. The iterative step continues until a stop codon is read or other events stall the ribosome.
GO:0006414
PMID:17680008
PMID:23746255
PMID:25514765
Translation termination occurs when a stop codon is read, followed by splitting of the ribosomal subunits and their recycling. Ribosome recycling also happens in the case of aberrantly stalled ribosomes due to features of the mRNA, absence of a stop codon or its premature presence. In these cases mRNA surveillance mechanisms trigger appropriate mRNA decay pathways.
pathway
translational termination
PW:0000582
translation termination pathway
Translation termination occurs when a stop codon is read, followed by splitting of the ribosomal subunits and their recycling. Ribosome recycling also happens in the case of aberrantly stalled ribosomes due to features of the mRNA, absence of a stop codon or its premature presence. In these cases mRNA surveillance mechanisms trigger appropriate mRNA decay pathways.
GO:0006415
PMID:17680008
PMID:22751155
PMID:23031510
The orexin/hypocretin signaling appears to play a role in the stimulation of food intake. Alterations of the system are associated with the narcolepsy sleep disorder.
pathway
PW:0000583
orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway
The orexin/hypocretin signaling appears to play a role in the stimulation of food intake. Alterations of the system are associated with the narcolepsy sleep disorder.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:17299454
An orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway have been linked to narcolepsy. It may also play a role in obesity.
pathway
PW:0000584
altered orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway
An orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway have been linked to narcolepsy. It may also play a role in obesity.
PMID:17299454
Orexin/hypocretin signaling through receptor 1 couples to Galphaq class of G proteins. Orexin/hypocretin receptor 1 primarily binds orexin A. Orexin A and B are derived from prepro-orexin precursor.
pathway
PW:0000585
orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway via orexin/hypocretin receptor 1
Orexin/hypocretin signaling through receptor 1 couples to Galphaq class of G proteins. Orexin/hypocretin receptor 1 primarily binds orexin A. Orexin A and B are derived from prepro-orexin precursor.
PMID:17299454
Orexin/hypocretin signaling through receptor 2 couples to Galphaq and the inhibitory Galphai classes of G proteins. Orexin/hypocretin receptor 2 binds both orexin A and B derived from the prepro-orexin precursor.
pathway
PW:0000586
orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway via orexin/hypocretin receptor 2
Orexin/hypocretin signaling through receptor 2 couples to Galphaq and the inhibitory Galphai classes of G proteins. Orexin/hypocretin receptor 2 binds both orexin A and B derived from the prepro-orexin precursor.
PMID:17299454
Narcolepsy is a neurological condition characterized by excessive day sleep, an inability to maintain awake states. Dysfunction of the orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway has been linked to this condition.
narcolepsy disease pathway
pathway
PW:0000587
narcolepsy pathway
Narcolepsy is a neurological condition characterized by excessive day sleep, an inability to maintain awake states. Dysfunction of the orexin/hypocretin signaling pathway has been linked to this condition.
PMID:17299454
An adiponectin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of adiponectin signaling have been linked to obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
pathway
PW:0000588
altered adiponectin signaling pathway
An adiponectin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of adiponectin signaling have been linked to obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
PMID:16634986
PMID:16823476
PMID:17140553
Those pathways involved in the proper balance of metal ion levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage as demanded by the needs of cells, tissues and organs. Disruption of metal ion homeostasis can have toxic and harmful consequences.
pathway
PW:0000589
metal homeostasis pathway
Those pathways involved in the proper balance of metal ion levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage as demanded by the needs of cells, tissues and organs. Disruption of metal ion homeostasis can have toxic and harmful consequences.
InHouse:PW-InHouse
Those pathways involved in the proper balance of iron levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage as needed by cells, tissues and organs. Iron is essential for many life processes but its reactivity makes it potentially dangerous.
pathway
iron ion homeostasis
PW:0000590
iron homeostasis pathway
Those pathways involved in the proper balance of iron levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage as needed by cells, tissues and organs. Iron is essential for many life processes but its reactivity makes it potentially dangerous.
GO:0055072
PMID:17014365
PMID:17194590
PMID:17367269
The uptake and efflux routes of iron transport. Several systems mediate uptake of recycled and dietary iron. One system is involved in the efflux.
pathway
Iron uptake and transport
iron ion transport
PW:0000591
iron transport pathway
The uptake and efflux routes of iron transport. Several systems mediate uptake of recycled and dietary iron. One system is involved in the efflux.
GO:0006826
PMID:25661197
PMID:26437604
Reactome:R-HSA-917937
The main storage system for iron is represented by ferritin. The iron entering the cell is in its ferrous Fe(II) form. It is oxidized to the stored ferric Fe(III) by the oxidase activity of ferritin heavy chain. Neuromelanin pigment, abundant in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, is known as a metal chelator and is the storage form of iron in these cells.
pathway
PW:0000592
iron storage pathway
The main storage system for iron is represented by ferritin. The iron entering the cell is in its ferrous Fe(II) form. It is oxidized to the stored ferric Fe(III) by the oxidase activity of ferritin heavy chain. Neuromelanin pigment, abundant in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, is known as a metal chelator and is the storage form of iron in these cells.
PMID:25661197
PMID:26455458
Those pathways that mediate the uptake and transport of metal ions. Metal ion transport pathways are important aspects of metal ion homeostasis.
pathway
metal ion transport
PW:0000593
metal ion transport pathway
Those pathways that mediate the uptake and transport of metal ions. Metal ion transport pathways are important aspects of metal ion homeostasis.
GO:0030001
InHouse:PW-InHouse
The pathways involved in the balanced maintenance of glucose levels, transport and processing as demanded by the needs of the cells, tissues and organs assure the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Disruption in these pathways alter glucose homeostasis and underlie many complex disorders - type 2 diabetes and its associated complications is one example.
pathway
PW:0000594
altered glucose homeostasis pathway
The pathways involved in the balanced maintenance of glucose levels, transport and processing as demanded by the needs of the cells, tissues and organs assure the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Disruption in these pathways alter glucose homeostasis and underlie many complex disorders - type 2 diabetes and its associated complications is one example.
PMID:15466941
Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I, further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases.
pathway
PI3K Cascade
PI3K signaling pathway
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling
phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway
PW:0000595
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway
Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I, further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases.
GO:0014065
KEGG:04070
PMID:16847462
PMID:17052169
PMID:17641274
Reactome:R-HSA-109704
An insulin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of insulin signaling can have profound health consequences due to its potential to alter glucose and energy homeostasis.
pathway
PW:0000596
altered insulin signaling pathway
An insulin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of insulin signaling can have profound health consequences due to its potential to alter glucose and energy homeostasis.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
The non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway groups the various Wnt signaling routes that are beta-catenin-independent.
pathway
beta-catenin independent Wnt signaling pathway
non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway
PW:0000597
Wnt signaling, non-canonical pathway
The non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway groups the various Wnt signaling routes that are beta-catenin-independent.
GO:0035567
PID:200020
PMID:16019432
PMID:18432252
Reactome:R-HSA-3858494
A Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in several cancers as well as diseases other than cancer.
pathway
PW:0000598
altered Wnt signaling pathway
A Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of Wnt signaling has been implicated in several cancers as well as diseases other than cancer.
PMID:18188179
PMID:18432252
A canonical Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in core components of the canonical pathway have been implicated in several types of cancer as well as diseases other than cancer.
pathway
PW:0000599
altered Wnt signaling, canonical pathway
A canonical Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in core components of the canonical pathway have been implicated in several types of cancer as well as diseases other than cancer.
PMID:18188179
PMID:18432252
A non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of the beta-catenin independent pathway appears to play a role in the biology of tumors.
pathway
PW:0000600
altered Wnt signaling, non-canonical pathway
A non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of the beta-catenin independent pathway appears to play a role in the biology of tumors.
PMID:18271916
pathway
PW:0000601
altered p38 MAPK signaling pathway
A Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Raf/Mek/Erk signaling has been implicated in many types of cancer.
pathway
PW:0000602
altered extracellular signal-regulated Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway
A Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Raf/Mek/Erk signaling has been implicated in many types of cancer.
PMID:17126425
PMID:17229475
The Erk5 pathway, also known as the big MAP kinase, is activated by various stresses but not by inflammatory cytokines. In HeLa and PC12 cells, the pathway can be activated by growth factors.
pathway
Bmk1 MAPK signaling pathway
ERK5 cascade
Signalling to ERK5
PW:0000603
Erk5 MAPK signaling pathway
The Erk5 pathway, also known as the big MAP kinase, is activated by various stresses but not by inflammatory cytokines. In HeLa and PC12 cells, the pathway can be activated by growth factors.
GO:0070375
KEGG:map04010
PMID:17229475
PMID:17306385
Reactome:R-HSA-198765
pathway
PW:0000604
altered Erk5 MAPK signaling pathway
Cancer, or malignant neoplasm, represents a category of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and avoidance of apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Deregulation of many pathways - signaling, regulatory, metabolic and combination of them, have been implicated in susceptibility to or development of these conditions. Generally, cancer is classified according to the tissue or organ affected.
pathway
neoplasm pathway
PW:0000605
cancer pathway
Cancer, or malignant neoplasm, represents a category of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and avoidance of apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Deregulation of many pathways - signaling, regulatory, metabolic and combination of them, have been implicated in susceptibility to or development of these conditions. Generally, cancer is classified according to the tissue or organ affected.
PMID:10647931
Urogenital cancer groups those malignancies that affect the urinary system and reproductive organs. Deregulation of several pathways along with genetic damage accumulated over time can lead to the development of these conditions.
pathway
genitourinary cancer pathway
urinogenital cancer pathway
PW:0000606
urogenital cancer pathway
Urogenital cancer groups those malignancies that affect the urinary system and reproductive organs. Deregulation of several pathways along with genetic damage accumulated over time can lead to the development of these conditions.
InHouse:InHouse_PW_dictionary
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Several susceptibility genes have been identified and they have a role to play in pathways involved in or regulating proliferation, DNA repair and apoptosis.
pathway
ovarian neoplasm pathway
PW:0000607
ovarian cancer pathway
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Several susceptibility genes have been identified and they have a role to play in pathways involved in or regulating proliferation, DNA repair and apoptosis.
PMID:12413930
PMID:12886939
PMID:15111296
Cervical cancer affects the cervical area and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of the condition. A number of HPV proteins interact with and affect the function of several host proteins that play a role in apoptoptic pathway and/or those involved in cell proliferation.
pathway
cervical neoplasm pathway
PW:0000608
cervical cancer pathway
Cervical cancer affects the cervical area and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of the condition. A number of HPV proteins interact with and affect the function of several host proteins that play a role in apoptoptic pathway and/or those involved in cell proliferation.
PMID:10471054
PMID:11486705
Prostate cancer is a frequent form of cancer in men over the age of fifty. It is usually asymptomatic but when in an advanced stage, it may spread to other parts of the body, causing symptoms others than those sometimes observed. Several susceptibility as well as defective genes have been identified.
familial prostate cancer pathway
hereditary prostate cancer pathway
malignant tumor of the prostate pathway
prostatic cancer pathway
pathway
KEGG:05215
prostate neoplasm pathway
PW:0000609
prostate cancer pathway
Prostate cancer is a frequent form of cancer in men over the age of fifty. It is usually asymptomatic but when in an advanced stage, it may spread to other parts of the body, causing symptoms others than those sometimes observed. Several susceptibility as well as defective genes have been identified.
KEGG:map05215
PMID:12878745
PMID:14752525
PMID:15149739
Bladder cancer groups several types of malignant tumors of the urinary bladder. It is more prevalent in men than in women and combines both risk factors such as tobacco and exposure to certain carcinogens and genetic factors. Mutations in genes involved in a number of signaling pathways have been implicated in the development of these conditions.
bladder cancer pathway
pathway
KEGG:05219
bladder neoplasm pathway
PW:0000610
urinary bladder cancer pathway
Bladder cancer groups several types of malignant tumors of the urinary bladder. It is more prevalent in men than in women and combines both risk factors such as tobacco and exposure to certain carcinogens and genetic factors. Mutations in genes involved in a number of signaling pathways have been implicated in the development of these conditions.
KEGG:map05219
PMID:16474624
PMID:17158541
Endometrial cancer affects the lining of the uterus, or endometrium. Hormonal and genetic alterations play a role in the development of this carcinoma type. Mutations in genes acting in several pathways have been associated with the condition and its types.
pathway
KEGG:05213
endometrial neoplasm pathway
PW:0000611
endometrial cancer pathway
Endometrial cancer affects the lining of the uterus, or endometrium. Hormonal and genetic alterations play a role in the development of this carcinoma type. Mutations in genes acting in several pathways have been associated with the condition and its types.
KEGG:map05213
PMID:12583434
PMID:15947972
PMID:16508724
Colorectal cancer are malignant tumors of the colon and rectum. Both risk factors usually relating to life style such as physical exercise or use of tobacco and genetics contribute to the development of the condition. Mutations in the components of canonical Wnt and Smad-dependent TGF-beta signaling and of DNA mismatch repair pathways have been associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer pathway.
pathway
KEGG:05210
colorectal neoplasm pathway
PW:0000612
colorectal cancer pathway
Colorectal cancer are malignant tumors of the colon and rectum. Both risk factors usually relating to life style such as physical exercise or use of tobacco and genetics contribute to the development of the condition. Mutations in the components of canonical Wnt and Smad-dependent TGF-beta signaling and of DNA mismatch repair pathways have been associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer pathway.
KEGG:map05210
OneLook:www.onelook.com
A trasforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered Tgf-b signaling, primarily the well characterized SMAD dependent pathway, has been implicated in numerous conditions.
pathway
altered TGF-beta signaling pathway
PW:0000613
altered transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway
A trasforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered Tgf-b signaling, primarily the well characterized SMAD dependent pathway, has been implicated in numerous conditions.
PMID:16678165
PMID:18313409
A transfoming growth factor-beta Smad dependent signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered TGF-beta Smad dependent signaling has been implicated in vascular conditions and tumorigenesis.
pathway
altered TGF-beta Smad dependent signaling pathway
PW:0000614
altered transforming growth factor-beta Smad dependent signaling pathway
A transfoming growth factor-beta Smad dependent signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered TGF-beta Smad dependent signaling has been implicated in vascular conditions and tumorigenesis.
PMID:18313409
A bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered BMP signaling has been implicated in cardiovascular condition, pulmonary hypertension, the juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS).
pathway
altered BMP signaling pathway
PW:0000615
altered bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway
A bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered BMP signaling has been implicated in cardiovascular condition, pulmonary hypertension, the juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS).
PMID:18313409
Those tumor necrosis factor superfamily mediated pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Altered tumor necrosis factor superfamily pathways have been implicated in a spectrum of conditions ranging from septic shock and tumorigenesis to diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and various inflammatory diseases.
pathway
altered TNF superfamily signaling pathay
PW:0000616
altered tumor necrosis factor superfamily mediated signaling pathway
Those tumor necrosis factor superfamily mediated pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Altered tumor necrosis factor superfamily pathways have been implicated in a spectrum of conditions ranging from septic shock and tumorigenesis to diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and various inflammatory diseases.
PMID:11239407
PMID:11796220
PMID:14555214
A cytokine mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant cytokine signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
pathway
PW:0000617
altered cytokine mediated signaling pathway
A cytokine mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant cytokine signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
A tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered Tnf signaling has been implicated in many human diseases - cerebral malaria, cancer, multiple sclerosis - are a few examples.
pathway
altered TNF signaling pathway
altered TNF-alpha signaling pathway
PW:0000618
altered tumor necrosis factor mediated signaling pathway
A tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered Tnf signaling has been implicated in many human diseases - cerebral malaria, cancer, multiple sclerosis - are a few examples.
PMID:12040173
PMID:12655295
PMID:14504472
A nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered NF-kB signaling has been implicated in a number of conditions including immunodeficiency, inflammation and several forms of cancer.
pathway
altered NF-kB signaling pathway
altered NF-kappaB signaling pathway
PW:0000619
altered nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway
A nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered NF-kB signaling has been implicated in a number of conditions including immunodeficiency, inflammation and several forms of cancer.
PMID:17072330
PMID:17072331
Those signaling pathways involving second messengers that deviate from what their normal course should be. Deregulation of these pathways can have far reaching consequences.
pathway
PW:0000620
altered signaling pathway involving second messengers
Those signaling pathways involving second messengers that deviate from what their normal course should be. Deregulation of these pathways can have far reaching consequences.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
pathway
PW:0000621
altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway
A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway has been implicated in several forms of cancer. The components of the pathway are attractive targets for the development of therapeutics.
pathway
PW:0000622
altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway
A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway has been implicated in several forms of cancer. The components of the pathway are attractive targets for the development of therapeutics.
PMID:17952368
PMID:18288939
PMID:18288941
PMID:18473732
A scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Hgf signaling via Met receptor has been implicated in numerous forms of cancer.
pathway
altered HGF/SF signaling pathway
PW:0000623
altered scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor signaling pathway
A scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Hgf signaling via Met receptor has been implicated in numerous forms of cancer.
PMID:18175071
Breast cancer or neoplasm is the most common cancer among women and the second worldwide after lung cancer. Deregulated pathways such estrogen or PI3K-Akt signaling have been implicated in breast cancer. In many cases, the disease is estrogen-dependent and it is possible that dysregulation of miRNA may correlate with the expression of estrogen receptor. Mutations in a number of other genes such as Brca1, 2 and 3 or p53 have also been associated with breast cancer.
pathway
breast neoplasm
PW:0000624
breast cancer pathway
Breast cancer or neoplasm is the most common cancer among women and the second worldwide after lung cancer. Deregulated pathways such estrogen or PI3K-Akt signaling have been implicated in breast cancer. In many cases, the disease is estrogen-dependent and it is possible that dysregulation of miRNA may correlate with the expression of estrogen receptor. Mutations in a number of other genes such as Brca1, 2 and 3 or p53 have also been associated with breast cancer.
OMIM:114480
PMID:17275086
PMID:20739888
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the biliary tract, liver, pancreas and the gastrointestinal system.
pathway
digestive system neoplasm pathway
gastrointestinal neoplasm pathway
PW:0000625
digestive system cancer pathway
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the biliary tract, liver, pancreas and the gastrointestinal system.
OMIM:OMIM
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi
Pancreatic cancer, a malignant tumor of the pancreas, has both genetic and predisposing factors. Deregulated pathways, such as TGF-B, PI3K-Akt or RAF/MEK/ERK, have been implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer.
malignant neoplasm of pancreas pathway
pathway
KEGG:05212
pancreatic neoplasm pathway
PW:0000626
pancreatic cancer pathway
Pancreatic cancer, a malignant tumor of the pancreas, has both genetic and predisposing factors. Deregulated pathways, such as TGF-B, PI3K-Akt or RAF/MEK/ERK, have been implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer.
KEGG:map05212
PMID:17898532
PMID:18662538
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the esophagus, gastric or stomach and intestinal system.
pathway
gastrointestinal neoplasm pathway
PW:0000627
gastrointestinal cancer pathway
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the esophagus, gastric or stomach and intestinal system.
MeSH:MeSH
OMIM:OMIM
pathway
intestinal neoplasm pathway
PW:0000628
intestinal cancer pathway
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer worldwide and has a high death rate. Deregulated pathways, such as Wnt, PI3K-Akt or RAF/MEK/ERK, have been implicated in the development of gastric cancer.
pathway
gastric neoplasm pathway
stomach cancer pathway
stomach neoplasm pathway
PW:0000629
gastric cancer pathway
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer worldwide and has a high death rate. Deregulated pathways, such as Wnt, PI3K-Akt or RAF/MEK/ERK, have been implicated in the development of gastric cancer.
PMID:17203201
pathway
hepatic cancer pathway
hepatic neoplasm pathway
liver neoplasm pathway
PW:0000630
liver cancer pathway
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the upper aerodigestive system. Deregulated pathways, such as TGF-B, PI3K-Akt or epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, have been implicated in the of head and neck cancer.
pathway
head and neck neoplasm pathway
PW:0000631
head and neck cancer pathway
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the upper aerodigestive system. Deregulated pathways, such as TGF-B, PI3K-Akt or epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, have been implicated in the of head and neck cancer.
MeSH:MeSH
OMIM:OMIM
PMID:18662538
pathway
bone neoplasm pathway
PW:0000632
bone cancer pathway
A general term grouping together neoplastic pathways of the sweat and sebaceous gland or of neuroectodermal and neuroendocrine origins.
pathway
skin neoplasm pathway
PW:0000633
skin cancer pathway
A general term grouping together neoplastic pathways of the sweat and sebaceous gland or of neuroectodermal and neuroendocrine origins.
MeSH:MeSH
A planar cell polarity Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered planar cell polarity Wnt signaling has been implicated in a number of conditions including gastric and pancreatic cancer.
pathway
altered PCP signaling pathway
PW:0000634
altered Wnt signaling, the planar cell polarity pathway
A planar cell polarity Wnt signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered planar cell polarity Wnt signaling has been implicated in a number of conditions including gastric and pancreatic cancer.
PMID:17203201
pathway
altered Wnt/Ca(II) signaling pathway
PW:0000635
altered Wnt/calcium signaling pathway
The protein exocytosis pathway involves trafficking of protein-containing vesicles to their final destination. It consists of several steps: budding, transport mediated by microtubule and actin associated molecular motors, tethering/docking and fusion with target membrane. Members of the Arf and Rab family of Ras superfamily are involved in the control of exit from Golgi and exocytic route, respectively. These are two main types of protein exocytosis which also represented in the more general exocytosis thereby material is delivered outside the cell.
pathway
PW:0000636
protein exocytosis pathway
The protein exocytosis pathway involves trafficking of protein-containing vesicles to their final destination. It consists of several steps: budding, transport mediated by microtubule and actin associated molecular motors, tethering/docking and fusion with target membrane. Members of the Arf and Rab family of Ras superfamily are involved in the control of exit from Golgi and exocytic route, respectively. These are two main types of protein exocytosis which also represented in the more general exocytosis thereby material is delivered outside the cell.
PMID:16882731
PMID:21907200
In the secretory pathway, the protein modification pathway involves the appropriate modification of glycoproteins and proteoglycans. It also provides for processing of the pro-forms of proteins into their mature form.
pathway
PW:0000637
protein modification pathway in the secretory pathway
In the secretory pathway, the protein modification pathway involves the appropriate modification of glycoproteins and proteoglycans. It also provides for processing of the pro-forms of proteins into their mature form.
PMID:18354421
In the endoplasmic reticulum, correctly-folded proteins are targeted for further export whereas misfolded proteins are retained and targeted for degradation.
pathway
ERAD pathway
PW:0000638
Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated degradation pathway
In the endoplasmic reticulum, correctly-folded proteins are targeted for further export whereas misfolded proteins are retained and targeted for degradation.
GO:0036503
KEGG:04141
PMID:18075753
PMID:18216874
PMID:22535891
The GLUT family contains 14 members in mammals which can be grouped into 3 classes based on sequence similarities. The members of group I (best characterized) and of group III transporters facilitate glucose transport. Of the three members of group I, Slc2a4 (Glut4), is involved in insulin-mediated uptake of glucose in the heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The response - central to glucose homeostasis - brings together several signaling and trafficking events.
pathway
PID:200196
PW:0000639
insulin responsive facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway
The GLUT family contains 14 members in mammals which can be grouped into 3 classes based on sequence similarities. The members of group I (best characterized) and of group III transporters facilitate glucose transport. Of the three members of group I, Slc2a4 (Glut4), is involved in insulin-mediated uptake of glucose in the heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The response - central to glucose homeostasis - brings together several signaling and trafficking events.
PMID:15449578
PMID:15466941
PMID:17717074
PMID:18171430
PMID:18570632
The glycolytic pathway converts the six-carbon glucose to two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. The ten reactions of glycolysis can be subdivided into an energy-consuming 'stage I' and an energy-generating 'stage II'. The net energy yield is two molecules of ATP. Pyruvate can be further oxidized via the citrate cycle, converted to lactose under anaerobic conditions or back to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
pathway
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway
Glycolysis
glycolytic process
PW:0000640
glycolysis pathway
The glycolytic pathway converts the six-carbon glucose to two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. The ten reactions of glycolysis can be subdivided into an energy-consuming 'stage I' and an energy-generating 'stage II'. The net energy yield is two molecules of ATP. Pyruvate can be further oxidized via the citrate cycle, converted to lactose under anaerobic conditions or back to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
GO:0006096
KEGG:00010
PMID:15466941
PMID:3306346
Reactome:R-HSA-70171
SMP:00040
The gluconeogenic pathway involves the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. They include the glycolysis products pyruvate and lactate, citric acid cycle intermediates and the carbon skeletons of many amino acids.
pathway
Gluconeogenesis
PW:0000641
gluconeogenesis pathway
The gluconeogenic pathway involves the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. They include the glycolysis products pyruvate and lactate, citric acid cycle intermediates and the carbon skeletons of many amino acids.
GO:0006094
KEGG:00010
PMID:15466941
PMID:6311081
Reactome:R-HSA-70263
SMP:00128
Fatty acid degradation occurs primarily via beta oxidation in the mitochondrion. It also occurs via alpha degradation in peroxisomes and omega degradation which is an alternative pathway. Other pathways include the degradation of branched-chain, unsaturated and odd-chain fatty acids.
pathway
fatty acid catabolic process
PW:0000642
fatty acid degradation pathway
Fatty acid degradation occurs primarily via beta oxidation in the mitochondrion. It also occurs via alpha degradation in peroxisomes and omega degradation which is an alternative pathway. Other pathways include the degradation of branched-chain, unsaturated and odd-chain fatty acids.
GO:0009062
PMID:21156023
A glycogen metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant glycogen metabolism has been associated with several glycogen storage diseases.
pathway
PW:0000643
altered glycogen metabolic pathway
A glycogen metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant glycogen metabolism has been associated with several glycogen storage diseases.
MCW_libraries:Biochemistry_Handbook
A glycogen biosynthetic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant glycogen metabolism has been associated with several glycogen storage diseases.
pathway
PW:0000644
altered glycogen biosynthetic pathway
A glycogen biosynthetic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant glycogen metabolism has been associated with several glycogen storage diseases.
MCW_libraries:Biochemistry_Handbook
A glycogen degradation pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant glycogen metabolism has been associated with several glycogen storage diseases.
pathway
PW:0000645
altered glycogen degradation pathway
A glycogen degradation pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant glycogen metabolism has been associated with several glycogen storage diseases.
MCW_libraries:Biochemistry_Handbook
Cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway conveys information between cells and components of the extracellular matrix using cell adhesion molecules.
pathway
KEGG:04512
cell-ECM signaling pathway
PW:0000646
cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway
Cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway conveys information between cells and components of the extracellular matrix using cell adhesion molecules.
RGD:InHouse_dictionary
Forkhead proteins represent a large family of transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in cell growth, proliferation and survival as well as organ development and speech acquisition.
pathway
FOX signaling pathway
forkead box signaling pathway
PW:0000647
forkhead signaling pathway
Forkhead proteins represent a large family of transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in cell growth, proliferation and survival as well as organ development and speech acquisition.
PMID:10702024
PMID:12801727
PMID:15492844
PMID:15516968
PMID:17275054
PMID:18174472
PMID:19274050
Cell adhesion signaling pathway conveys information between cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) using cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). While many CAMs appear to be specialized for either cell-cell or cell-ECM communication, integrin family of receptors mediates both types of signaling.
pathway
PW:0000648
cell adhesion signaling pathway
Cell adhesion signaling pathway conveys information between cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) using cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). While many CAMs appear to be specialized for either cell-cell or cell-ECM communication, integrin family of receptors mediates both types of signaling.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
pathway
PW:0000649
<new term>
true
Those signaling pathways that are involved in or mediate the various aspects of development.
pathway
PW:0000650
signaling pathway pertinent to development
Aging or the overall deteriorating change of function can be at the cellular level as well as the whole organism level. Cellular aging or senescence underlies organismal aging.
pathway
aging
PW:0000651
aging pathway
Aging or the overall deteriorating change of function can be at the cellular level as well as the whole organism level. Cellular aging or senescence underlies organismal aging.
GO:0007568
PMID:24319642
PMID:24449267
Phosphatases are essential components of biological pathways. Phosphorylaton by protein kinases and dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases exert major regulatory roles. In addition, they can also initiate signaling cascades.
pathway
PW:0000652
phosphatase mediated signaling pathway
Phosphatases are essential components of biological pathways. Phosphorylaton by protein kinases and dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases exert major regulatory roles. In addition, they can also initiate signaling cascades.
PMID:16132230
PMID:19099538
Serine/threonine-specific phosphatase mediated signaling presents an interesting case. If the number of tyrosine kinases and of tyrosine phosphatases is similar (~100 in mammals), serine/threonine kinases have diversified to some 400 members in the course of evolution while the serine/threonine phosphatases count to about 25. The functional versatility is conferred through the diversity of regulatory subunits with which they interact. The holoenzyme dictates the role the protein complex plays in signaling pathways.
pathway
PW:0000653
serine/threonine-specific phosphatase mediated signaling pathway
Serine/threonine-specific phosphatase mediated signaling presents an interesting case. If the number of tyrosine kinases and of tyrosine phosphatases is similar (~100 in mammals), serine/threonine kinases have diversified to some 400 members in the course of evolution while the serine/threonine phosphatases count to about 25. The functional versatility is conferred through the diversity of regulatory subunits with which they interact. The holoenzyme dictates the role the protein complex plays in signaling pathways.
PMID:15780597
PMID:17079133
PMID:19099538
The protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily exerts essential roles in signaling pathways. The coordinated interplay of tyrosine kinase mediated phosphorylation and tyrosine phosphatase mediated dephosphorylation of substrates shapes the functional topology of signaling networks. The PTP superfamily is composed of four families.
pathway
PW:0000654
tyrosine-specific phosphatase mediated signaling pathway
The protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily exerts essential roles in signaling pathways. The coordinated interplay of tyrosine kinase mediated phosphorylation and tyrosine phosphatase mediated dephosphorylation of substrates shapes the functional topology of signaling networks. The PTP superfamily is composed of four families.
PMID:15186772
PMID:15817824
PMID:17057753
PMID:19099538
Those signaling pathways mediated or initiated by oligosaccharide or polysaccharide linked proteins.
pathway
PW:0000655
glycoconjugated protein signaling pathway
Those signaling pathways mediated or initiated by oligosaccharide or polysaccharide linked proteins.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those pathways initiated or mediated by glycoproteins. Glycoproteins have oligosaccharides attached to their amino acid side chains via N- or O-glycosylation. Glycoproteins represent a large category of proteins encompassing a wide range of functionalities.
pathway
PW:0000656
glycoprotein signaling pathway
Those pathways initiated or mediated by glycoproteins. Glycoproteins have oligosaccharides attached to their amino acid side chains via N- or O-glycosylation. Glycoproteins represent a large category of proteins encompassing a wide range of functionalities.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those pathways initiated or mediated by proteoglycans - heavily glycosylated proteins that have glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain(s) linked to their protein cores. GAGs are long unbranched polysaccharides of repeating disaccharide units. Proteoglycans are categorized by the nature of the GAG chain or by their size.
pathway
PW:0000657
proteoglycan signaling pathway
Those pathways initiated or mediated by proteoglycans - heavily glycosylated proteins that have glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain(s) linked to their protein cores. GAGs are long unbranched polysaccharides of repeating disaccharide units. Proteoglycans are categorized by the nature of the GAG chain or by their size.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Glypicans are heparan sulfate proteoglycans represented by six families in mammals. They impact on a number of signaling pathways; the effect on signaling can be either inhibitory or stimulatory, depending on the context. They also appear to integrate directional cues important for neuronal migration, axon guidance and synapse formation.
pathway
PID:200026
PID:200126
PID:200225
PW:0000658
glypican signaling pathway
Glypicans are heparan sulfate proteoglycans represented by six families in mammals. They impact on a number of signaling pathways; the effect on signaling can be either inhibitory or stimulatory, depending on the context. They also appear to integrate directional cues important for neuronal migration, axon guidance and synapse formation.
PMID:16937008
PMID:18505598
Syndecan family of proteoglycans appears to be involved in cell-adhesion, particularly cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling and to integrate with the integrin pathway. They also appear to integrate directional cues important for neuronal migration, axon guidance and synapse formation.
pathway
PID:200134
PID:200156
PID:200192
PID:200198
PW:0000659
syndecan signaling pathway
Syndecan family of proteoglycans appears to be involved in cell-adhesion, particularly cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) signaling and to integrate with the integrin pathway. They also appear to integrate directional cues important for neuronal migration, axon guidance and synapse formation.
PMID:16937008
PMID:17971838
Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cellular components. All components are derived from the hematopoietic stem cells residing in the marrow. A great amount of new blood cells needs to be produced daily to maintain steady-state levels of circulation.
pathway
hemopoiesis
PW:0000660
hematopoiesis pathway
Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cellular components. All components are derived from the hematopoietic stem cells residing in the marrow. A great amount of new blood cells needs to be produced daily to maintain steady-state levels of circulation.
GO:0030097
OneLook:www.onelook.com
A DNA repair pathway responsible for removing one or several damaged nucleotides or of nucleotide mismatched during DNA replication in one of the DNA strands. Several excision pathways are available for correcting single-strand damage.
pathway
PW:0000661
single-strand DNA repair pathway
A DNA repair pathway responsible for removing one or several damaged nucleotides or of nucleotide mismatched during DNA replication in one of the DNA strands. Several excision pathways are available for correcting single-strand damage.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:17129767
PMID:23085398
The mismatch repair pathway assures the maintenance of normal Watson-Crick base pairing. Bases incorrectly matched during DNA replication are removed and replaced with the correct ones.
pathway
MMR pathway
Mismatch Repair
PW:0000662
mismatch repair pathway
The mismatch repair pathway assures the maintenance of normal Watson-Crick base pairing. Bases incorrectly matched during DNA replication are removed and replaced with the correct ones.
GO:0006298
KEGG:03430
KEGG:map03430
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-5358508
A pathway dealing with repair of double-strand breaks of the DNA or of strand damage such as interstrand cross-links.
PW:0000131
PW:0000291
PW:0000664
PW:0000665
pathway
DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
double-strand break repair
PW:0000663
double-strand DNA repair pathway
A pathway dealing with repair of double-strand breaks of the DNA or of strand damage such as interstrand cross-links.
GO:0006302
PMID:23085398
PMID:24326623
Reactome:R-HSA-5693532
true
true
A single-strand DNA repair pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant single-strand repair pathways have been linked to several diseases.
pathway
PW:0000666
altered single-strand DNA repair pathway
A single-strand DNA repair pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant single-strand repair pathways have been linked to several diseases.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Defective repair pathway(s) of double-strand breaks can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, genomic instability and oncogenic activation.
pathway
PW:0000667
altered double-strand DNA repair pathway
Defective repair pathway(s) of double-strand breaks can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, genomic instability and oncogenic activation.
PMID:22027614
A mismatch repair pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in several genes in the pathway have been implicated in cases of colorectal cancer, primarily the inherited forms. To a lesser extent they are found in other types of cancer, such as type 1 endometrial cancer.
pathway
Diseases of Mismatch Repair (MMR)
altered MMR pathway
PW:0000668
altered mismatch repair pathway
A mismatch repair pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in several genes in the pathway have been implicated in cases of colorectal cancer, primarily the inherited forms. To a lesser extent they are found in other types of cancer, such as type 1 endometrial cancer.
PubMed:Several_articles
A glycoprotein signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
pathway
PW:0000669
altered glycoprotein signaling pathway
A glycoprotein signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
A glycoconjugated protein signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
pathway
PW:0000670
altered glycoconjugated protein signaling pathway
A glycoconjugated protein signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
pathway
PW:0000671
altered cell adhesion signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000672
altered cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000673
altered signaling pathway pertinent to development
Insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells is an important aspect of glucose homeostasis. A major component of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is represented by the route dependent on the ATP-sensitive potassium channels. However, other contributions are also likely to promote insulin secretion.
pathway
Regulation of insulin secretion
insulin secretion
PW:0000674
insulin secretion pathway
Insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells is an important aspect of glucose homeostasis. A major component of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is represented by the route dependent on the ATP-sensitive potassium channels. However, other contributions are also likely to promote insulin secretion.
GO:0030073
PMID:18728221
PMID:18774732
Reactome:R-HSA-422356
Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells; the mechanisms of its release in response to low glucose levels are poorly understood.
pathway
glucagon secretion
PW:0000675
glucagon secretion pathway
Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells; the mechanisms of its release in response to low glucose levels are poorly understood.
GO:0070091
PMID:18522828
PMID:18600596
PMID:18647881
Glucagon signaling responds to low levels of circulating glucose to stimulate its release. The action of glucagon signaling is counter-regulatory to the action of insulin and it plays an essential role in glucose homeostasis.
pathway
PW:0000676
glucagon signaling pathway
Glucagon signaling responds to low levels of circulating glucose to stimulate its release. The action of glucagon signaling is counter-regulatory to the action of insulin and it plays an essential role in glucose homeostasis.
PMID:12626323
An insulin secretion pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered insulin secretion has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Multiple defects are thought to underle malfunctions of insulin secretion; the exact molecular mechanisms are only partially understood.
pathway
PW:0000677
altered insulin secretion pathway
An insulin secretion pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered insulin secretion has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Multiple defects are thought to underle malfunctions of insulin secretion; the exact molecular mechanisms are only partially understood.
PMID:18640585
A glucagon secretion pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Elevated serum glucagon has been observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. The pathway of glucagon secretion is not well understood and this complicates the understanding of how the pathway may falter.
pathway
PW:0000678
altered glucagon secretion pathway
A glucagon secretion pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Elevated serum glucagon has been observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. The pathway of glucagon secretion is not well understood and this complicates the understanding of how the pathway may falter.
PMID:17623014
A glucagon signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Glucagon signaling counteracts the signaling of insulin and the potential exists that an alteration of glucagon signaling has a role to play in diabetes type 2. Serum glucagon is elevated in patients with the disease; the mechanisms leading to and the consequences of elevated glucagon remain to be established.
pathway
PW:0000679
altered glucagon signaling pathway
A glucagon signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Glucagon signaling counteracts the signaling of insulin and the potential exists that an alteration of glucagon signaling has a role to play in diabetes type 2. Serum glucagon is elevated in patients with the disease; the mechanisms leading to and the consequences of elevated glucagon remain to be established.
PMID:17623014
pathway
PW:0000680
altered extrinsic apoptotic pathway
Fas ligand binding to its receptor triggers a conformational change that allows the receptor to assemble a signaling complex known as DISC, followed by recruitment of pro-caspase-8 and activation of caspase-3 and -7. It is believed that Fas-mediated signaling to elicit apoptosis follows two routes.
pathway
Fas signaling pathway
FasL/ CD95L signaling
PW:0000681
FasL mediated signaling pathway
Fas ligand binding to its receptor triggers a conformational change that allows the receptor to assemble a signaling complex known as DISC, followed by recruitment of pro-caspase-8 and activation of caspase-3 and -7. It is believed that Fas-mediated signaling to elicit apoptosis follows two routes.
GO:0036337
PID:200080
PMID:14744432
Reactome:R-HSA-75157
Trail-mediated signaling leads to apoptosis via assembly of the DISC complex (Death-Inducing Signaling Complex) downstream of its receptors.
pathway
TRAIL signaling
TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
PW:0000682
Trail mediated signaling pathway
Trail-mediated signaling leads to apoptosis via assembly of the DISC complex (Death-Inducing Signaling Complex) downstream of its receptors.
GO:0036462
PID:200068
PMID:14744432
Reactome:R-HSA-75158
A cell-cell signaling pathway mediated by integrins, a family of receptors that convey both 'outside-in' and 'inside-out' signals.
VPetri
2009-08-03T02:43:27Z
pathway
PW:0000683
integrin mediated cell-cell signaling pathway
A cell-cell signaling pathway mediated by integrins, a family of receptors that convey both 'outside-in' and 'inside-out' signals.
RGD:InHouse_dictionary
A cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway mediated by integrins, a family of receptors that convey both 'outside-in' and 'inside-out' signals.
VPetri
2009-08-03T02:45:17Z
pathway
integrin mediated cell-ECM signaling pathway
PW:0000684
integrin mediated cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway
A cell-extracellular matrix signaling pathway mediated by integrins, a family of receptors that convey both 'outside-in' and 'inside-out' signals.
RGD:InHouse
The metabolic pathways for generating glucose to meet the body's glucose needs. Gluconeogenesis in the liver and to some extent in kidney is the major pathway of glucose production; glycogenolysis is another route for generating glucose in these tissues.
VPetri
2009-08-05T08:54:36Z
pathway
Gluconeogenesis
PW:0000685
glucose biosynthesis pathway
The metabolic pathways for generating glucose to meet the body's glucose needs. Gluconeogenesis in the liver and to some extent in kidney is the major pathway of glucose production; glycogenolysis is another route for generating glucose in these tissues.
GO:0006094
MCW_Libraries:ISBN-13_978-0470-12930-2
Reactome:R-HSA-70263
A vasopressin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered vasopressin signaling manifests clinically as problems associated with water and sodium balance.
VPetri
2009-08-27T09:07:02Z
pathway
PW:0000686
altered vasopressin signaling pathway
A vasopressin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered vasopressin signaling manifests clinically as problems associated with water and sodium balance.
PMID:17761027
PMID:18431594
A sugar transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in sugar transport, particularly glucose, can potentially have very harmful consequences.
VPetri
2009-10-07T11:59:25Z
pathway
PW:0000687
altered sugar transport pathway
A sugar transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in sugar transport, particularly glucose, can potentially have very harmful consequences.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
A facilitative sugar transporter mediated sugar transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in sugar transport, particularly glucose, can potentially have very harmful consequences.
VPetri
2009-10-07T12:05:27Z
pathway
PW:0000688
altered facilitative sugar transporter mediated sugar transport pathway
A facilitative sugar transporter mediated sugar transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in sugar transport, particularly glucose, can potentially have very harmful consequences.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
A glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in glucose transport can potentially have very harmful consequences.
VPetri
2009-10-07T12:08:39Z
pathway
PW:0000689
altered glucose transport pathway
A glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in glucose transport can potentially have very harmful consequences.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
A facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in glucose transport can potentially have very harmful consequences.
VPetri
2009-10-07T12:12:44Z
pathway
PW:0000690
altered facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway
A facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in glucose transport can potentially have very harmful consequences.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
A sodium-glucose cotransporter mediated glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in glucose transport can potentially have very harmful consequences.
VPetri
2009-10-07T12:21:13Z
pathway
PW:0000691
altered sodium-glucose cotransporter mediated glucose transport pathway
A sodium-glucose cotransporter mediated glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in glucose transport can potentially have very harmful consequences.
InHouse:PW
An insulin responsive facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in the pathway can manifest in insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes.
VPetri
2009-10-07T12:24:18Z
pathway
PW:0000692
altered insulin responsive facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway
An insulin responsive facilitative sugar transporter mediated glucose transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in the pathway can manifest in insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes.
PMID:17629673
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of biphenyl, an aromatic hydrocarbon used as a starting material for the production of polychlorinated biphenyls or as an intermediate for the production of a variety of organic compounds.
VPetri
2009-10-20T08:59:23Z
pathway
biphenyl catabolic process
PW:0000693
biphenyl degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of biphenyl, an aromatic hydrocarbon used as a starting material for the production of polychlorinated biphenyls or as an intermediate for the production of a variety of organic compounds.
GO:0070980
KEGG:map00621
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of geraniol, a monoterpenoid and an alcohol, used in perfumes and in flavors.
VPetri
2009-10-20T09:30:32Z
pathway
geraniol catabolic process
PW:0000694
geraniol degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of geraniol, a monoterpenoid and an alcohol, used in perfumes and in flavors.
GO:1903447
KEGG:map00281
OneLook:www.onelook.com
VPetri
2009-10-20T10:20:07Z
pathway
PW:0000695
<new term>
true
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of zeatin - a plant hormone derived from adenine. It induces plant growth and has been reported to have anti-aging effects on human skin fibroblasts.
VPetri
2009-10-20T10:23:22Z
pathway
zeatin biosynthetic process
PW:0000696
zeatin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of zeatin - a plant hormone derived from adenine. It induces plant growth and has been reported to have anti-aging effects on human skin fibroblasts.
GO:0033398
KEGG:map00908
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of carotenoids, organic pigments found in plants and other photosynthetic organisms. Some can act as antioxidants.
VPetri
2009-10-20T10:29:04Z
pathway
carotenoid biosynthetic process
PW:0000697
carotenoid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of carotenoids, organic pigments found in plants and other photosynthetic organisms. Some can act as antioxidants.
GO:0016117
KEGG:map00906
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Thyroid cancer refers to one of several types of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland of which papillary thyroid cancer is the most frequent, accounting for almost 80% of all cases. The other types include follicular, medullary and anaplastic.
vpetri
2009-10-28T01:33:42Z
malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland pathway
malignant tumor of thyroid gland pathway
pathway
KEGG:05216
thyroid neoplasm pathway
PW:0000698
thyroid cancer pathway
Thyroid cancer refers to one of several types of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland of which papillary thyroid cancer is the most frequent, accounting for almost 80% of all cases. The other types include follicular, medullary and anaplastic.
KEGG:map05216
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Parathyroid cancer is a rare type of cancer whose causes are unknown. There are four parathyroid glands, each of the two lobes of the thyroid gland houses two.
vpetri
2009-10-28T01:39:16Z
pathway
PW:0000699
parathyroid cancer pathway
Parathyroid cancer is a rare type of cancer whose causes are unknown. There are four parathyroid glands, each of the two lobes of the thyroid gland houses two.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the adrenal gland, ovaries and pancreas, pituitary and thyroid.
vpetri
2009-10-28T01:48:29Z
pathway
endocrine gland neoplasm pathway
PW:0000700
endocrine gland cancer pathway
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the adrenal gland, ovaries and pancreas, pituitary and thyroid.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the heart, respiratory tract and thymus.
vpetri
2009-10-28T01:55:10Z
pathway
thoracic neoplasm pathway
PW:0000701
thoracic cancer pathway
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the heart, respiratory tract and thymus.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi
vpetri
2009-10-28T01:57:08Z
pathway
respiratory tract neoplasm pathway
PW:0000702
respiratory tract cancer pathway
Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in men but is also very common in women. The main types are represented by small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas. The former tends to respond better to chemotherapy; the latter is at times treated surgically.
vpetri
2009-10-28T02:00:27Z
pathway
lung neoplasm pathway
PW:0000703
lung cancer pathway
Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in men but is also very common in women. The main types are represented by small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas. The former tends to respond better to chemotherapy; the latter is at times treated surgically.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Small cell lung cancer is an aggressive type of lung cancer. Several pathways appear to be deregulated and they include the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling and changes in oncogene transcription factors such as Myc and p53.
vpetri
2009-10-28T02:00:59Z
oat cell carcinoma of lung pathway
small cell carcinoma of lung pathway
small cell lung cancer pathway
small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung pathway
pathway
KEGG:05222
SCLC pathway
small cell lung neoplasm pathway
PW:0000704
small cell lung carcinoma pathway
Small cell lung cancer is an aggressive type of lung cancer. Several pathways appear to be deregulated and they include the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling and changes in oncogene transcription factors such as Myc and p53.
KEGG:map05222
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Non-small cell lung carcinoma groups together several non-small cell lung carcinomas. The main types are represented by squamous cell, adeno- and large-cell carcinoma. Alterations in Ras and epidermal growth factor signaling, among others, have been implicated in the condition.
vpetri
2009-10-28T02:45:27Z
non-small cell lung cancer pathway
pathway
KEGG:05223
NSCLC pathway
non-small cell lung neoplasm pathway
PW:0000705
non-small cell lung carcinoma pathway
Non-small cell lung carcinoma groups together several non-small cell lung carcinomas. The main types are represented by squamous cell, adeno- and large-cell carcinoma. Alterations in Ras and epidermal growth factor signaling, among others, have been implicated in the condition.
KEGG:map05223
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. The term covers a broad spectrum of conditions subdivided by proliferation type - acute and chronic, and by cell type - myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia.
vpetri
2009-10-28T03:34:16Z
pathway
PW:0000706
leukemia pathway
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. The term covers a broad spectrum of conditions subdivided by proliferation type - acute and chronic, and by cell type - myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Myeloid leukemia affects cells of the myeloid lineage and their precursors and in turn is subdivided by proliferation type.
vpetri
2009-10-28T03:55:53Z
pathway
PW:0000707
myeloid leukemia pathway
Myeloid leukemia affects cells of the myeloid lineage and their precursors and in turn is subdivided by proliferation type.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Lymphoid leukemia affects lymphoid tissues and there are increase numbers of circulating lymphoblasts and lymphocytes.
vpetri
2009-10-28T04:33:38Z
pathway
lymphocytic leukemia pathway
PW:0000708
lymphoid leukemia pathway
Lymphoid leukemia affects lymphoid tissues and there are increase numbers of circulating lymphoblasts and lymphocytes.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Acute myeloid leukemia is a common type of leukemia among adults. Abnormal cells are present inside the bone marrow that grow very vast and replace healthy blood cells. Several signaling pathways are disrupted and/or constitutively activated.
vpetri
2009-10-28T04:39:13Z
pathway
KEGG:05221
PW:0000709
acute myeloid leukemia pathway
Acute myeloid leukemia is a common type of leukemia among adults. Abnormal cells are present inside the bone marrow that grow very vast and replace healthy blood cells. Several signaling pathways are disrupted and/or constitutively activated.
KEGG:map05221
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Chronic myeloid leukemia, a slowly progressing condition, is a type of leukemia where too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
vpetri
2009-10-28T04:39:38Z
pathway
KEGG:05220
PW:0000710
chronic myeloid leukemia pathway
Chronic myeloid leukemia, a slowly progressing condition, is a type of leukemia where too many white blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
KEGG:map05220
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Gliomas are tumors of the brain categorized by the type of cell they are associated with, their location and grade. Several pathways appear to be deregulated via amplifications, overexpression, mutations or loss.
vpetri
2009-10-29T04:24:22Z
pathway
KEGG:05214
PW:0000711
glioma pathway
Gliomas are tumors of the brain categorized by the type of cell they are associated with, their location and grade. Several pathways appear to be deregulated via amplifications, overexpression, mutations or loss.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Vasopressin signaling via receptor type 1 couples to Gq alpha subunit leading to stimulation of phospholipase C beta, subsequent generation of second messengers and increase in intracellular calcium resulting in vasoconstriction.
vpetri
2009-11-03T08:25:33Z
pathway
PW:0000712
vasopressin signaling pathway via receptor type 1
Vasopressin signaling via receptor type 1 couples to Gq alpha subunit leading to stimulation of phospholipase C beta, subsequent generation of second messengers and increase in intracellular calcium resulting in vasoconstriction.
PMID:11091117
PMID:14624682
Vasopressin signaling via receptor type 2 plays a central role in water homeostasis by regulating the translocation of Aqp2 channel. The receptor couples to Gs alpha subunit leading to activation of adenylyl cyclase, production of cyclic AMP and triggering of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. PKA regulates both the translocation and the expression of the channel.
vpetri
2009-11-03T08:39:15Z
pathway
KEGG:04962
SMP:00322
PW:0000713
vasopressin signaling pathway via receptor type 2
Vasopressin signaling via receptor type 2 plays a central role in water homeostasis by regulating the translocation of Aqp2 channel. The receptor couples to Gs alpha subunit leading to activation of adenylyl cyclase, production of cyclic AMP and triggering of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. PKA regulates both the translocation and the expression of the channel.
PMID:11091117
PMID:14624682
PMID:17761027
PMID:18431594
A vasopressin, receptor type 1 mediated signaling pathway, that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in this pathway might relate to septic shock.
vpetri
2009-11-03T08:51:23Z
pathway
PW:0000714
altered vasopressin signaling pathway via receptor type 1
A vasopressin, receptor type 1 mediated signaling pathway, that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in this pathway might relate to septic shock.
PMID:17133186
A vasopressin, receptor type 2 mediated signaling pathway, that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in the pathway have been associated with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) caused by mutations in the receptor or, more rarely, in aquaporin channel 2.
vpetri
2009-11-03T09:09:09Z
pathway
PW:0000715
altered vasopressin signaling pathway via receptor type 2
A vasopressin, receptor type 2 mediated signaling pathway, that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in the pathway have been associated with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) caused by mutations in the receptor or, more rarely, in aquaporin channel 2.
PMID:17761027
Transcription factors mediated signaling are components of transcription that, by controlling the expression of target genes, impact upon a wide range of processes.
VPetri
2009-11-30T01:34:55Z
pathway
PW:0000716
transcription factor mediated signaling pathway
Transcription factors mediated signaling are components of transcription that, by controlling the expression of target genes, impact upon a wide range of processes.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
The signaling pathway mediated by the FoxO subgroup of forkhead family of transcription factors regulates cell cycle and survival via the expression of its target genes. FoxO pathway is negatively regulated by PI3K-Akt pathway downstream of insulin signaling. It is positively regulated by the Jnk pathway of stress activated MAPK cascade.
VPetri
2009-11-30T01:42:57Z
pathway
FoxO signaling pathway
PW:0000717
forkhead class O signaling pathway
The signaling pathway mediated by the FoxO subgroup of forkhead family of transcription factors regulates cell cycle and survival via the expression of its target genes. FoxO pathway is negatively regulated by PI3K-Akt pathway downstream of insulin signaling. It is positively regulated by the Jnk pathway of stress activated MAPK cascade.
PMID:10702024
PMID:17275054
PMID:19274050
PMID:23325358
p53 transcription factor is a tumor suppressor frequently mutated in cancer. p53 is at the hub of many signaling and regulatory pathways. In response to various stresses, it promotes apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and other defense pathways via transcription dependent as well as independent routes. A key regulator of p53 is Mdm2. Mdm2 is a transcriptional target of p53 thus providing a negative feedback loop.
VPetri
2009-11-30T03:01:53Z
pathway
KEGG:04115
PID:200206
PW:0000718
p53 signaling pathway
p53 transcription factor is a tumor suppressor frequently mutated in cancer. p53 is at the hub of many signaling and regulatory pathways. In response to various stresses, it promotes apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and other defense pathways via transcription dependent as well as independent routes. A key regulator of p53 is Mdm2. Mdm2 is a transcriptional target of p53 thus providing a negative feedback loop.
PMID:18783169
PMID:18927276
PMID:19007744
PMID:19407794
PMID:19776744
A transcription factor mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of such pathways has been linked to cancer and various other diseases.
VPetri
2009-11-30T03:40:53Z
pathway
PW:0000719
altered transcription factor mediated signaling pathway
A transcription factor mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of such pathways has been linked to cancer and various other diseases.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
A p53 signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Due to its central role at the intersection of many cellular pathways, disturbance of p53 network can have far-reaching negative consequences. The tumor suppressor Tp53 gene is frequently mutated in cancer.
VPetri
2009-11-30T03:43:14Z
pathway
PW:0000720
altered p53 signaling pathway
A p53 signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Due to its central role at the intersection of many cellular pathways, disturbance of p53 network can have far-reaching negative consequences. The tumor suppressor Tp53 gene is frequently mutated in cancer.
PMID:19776744
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nicotine, an alkaloid found in tobacco and other plants. It is an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and exerts stimulatory roles. It is also responsible for tobacco dependence. Prolonged exposure and high levels of nicotine can have toxic effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-18T03:34:19Z
pathway
PW:0000721
nicotine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nicotine, an alkaloid found in tobacco and other plants. It is an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and exerts stimulatory roles. It is also responsible for tobacco dependence. Prolonged exposure and high levels of nicotine can have toxic effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA162355621
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of warfarin. Warfarin is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-18T03:34:31Z
pathway
PW:0000722
warfarin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of warfarin. Warfarin is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-diabetic drugs such as repaglinide, nateglinide and sulfonylurea - inhibitors of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel they stimulate insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-18T03:43:49Z
pathway
PW:0000723
anti-diabetic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-diabetic drugs such as repaglinide, nateglinide and sulfonylurea - inhibitors of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel they stimulate insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:11259325
PMID:12919179
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of statin. Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol. They act as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-19T10:48:44Z
pathway
PW:0000724
statin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of statin. Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol. They act as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of anti-diabetic drugs-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to them. Repaglinide, nateglinide and sulfonylurea are used as inhibitors of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel they stimulate insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-20T12:12:30Z
pathway
SMP:00453
SMP:00454
PW:0000725
potassium channel inhibitors pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of anti-diabetic drugs-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to them. Repaglinide, nateglinide and sulfonylurea are used as inhibitors of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel they stimulate insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of repaglinide. The drug is used as an inhibitor of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel it stimulates insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-20T12:14:07Z
pathway
PW:0000726
repaglinide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of repaglinide. The drug is used as an inhibitor of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel it stimulates insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:12919179
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nateglinide. The drug is used as an inhibitor of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel it stimulates insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-20T12:15:46Z
pathway
PW:0000727
nateglinide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nateglinide. The drug is used as an inhibitor of ATP-dependent potassium channel. By blocking the channel it stimulates insulin secretion to lower blood glucose level. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:11259325
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of statins-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol. They act as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-20T12:21:51Z
pathway
SMP:00082
SMP:00089
SMP:00092
SMP:00099
SMP:00111
SMP:00119
SMP:00131
PW:0000728
statin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of statins-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol. They act as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of statin. Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol. They act as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-20T12:22:12Z
pathway
PW:0000729
statin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of statin. Statins are a class of drugs used to lower cholesterol. They act as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of warfarin. Warfarin is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-20T12:42:35Z
pathway
PW:0000730
warfarin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of warfarin. Warfarin is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin
The pathway of warfarin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Warfarin is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-01-20T12:42:55Z
pathway
SMP:00268
PW:0000731
warfarin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of warfarin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Warfarin is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin
Those metabolic reactions involving thromboxanes - a family of prostanoid eicosanoids whose effects include vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation.
VPetri
2010-02-17T11:26:21Z
pathway
PW:0000732
thromboxane metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving thromboxanes - a family of prostanoid eicosanoids whose effects include vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycosphingolipids - glycolipids with sugar(s) attached to the ceramide core. Based on the sequences of the core carbohydrate residues, they are classified into a number of series such as lacto- and neolacto-, globo-, ganglio- or muco-series.
VPetri
2010-02-17T02:03:36Z
pathway
GSL metabolic pathway
Glycosphingolipid metabolism
glycolipid metabolic pathway
glycosphingolipid metabolic process
PW:0000733
glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycosphingolipids - glycolipids with sugar(s) attached to the ceramide core. Based on the sequences of the core carbohydrate residues, they are classified into a number of series such as lacto- and neolacto-, globo-, ganglio- or muco-series.
GO:0006687
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
PMID:15207828
PMID:17976918
PMID:18845618
Reactome:R-HSA-1660662
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cerebroside, sphingolipids in which the sugar is a monosaccharide.
VPetri
2010-02-17T02:05:26Z
pathway
PW:0000734
cerebroside metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cerebroside, sphingolipids in which the sugar is a monosaccharide.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
A sphingolipid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered sphingolipid metabolism has been associated with several lysosomal storage diseases and most appear to be fatal.
VPetri
2010-02-17T02:08:31Z
pathway
PW:0000735
altered sphingolipid metabolic pathway
A sphingolipid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered sphingolipid metabolism has been associated with several lysosomal storage diseases and most appear to be fatal.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
PW_dictionary:InHouse_dictionary
The de novo synthesis of triacylglycerol, the common form of fatty acid transport and storage. Most triacylglycerols are synthesized in the liver and stored in the adipose tissue.
VPetri
2010-02-17T02:15:19Z
pathway
Triglyceride biosynthesis
lipogenesis pathway
triglyceride biosynthetic process
PW:0000736
triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway
The de novo synthesis of triacylglycerol, the common form of fatty acid transport and storage. Most triacylglycerols are synthesized in the liver and stored in the adipose tissue.
GO:0019432
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
Reactome:R-HSA-75109
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of triacylglycerols when energy reserves are low, such as in the fasting state, during exercise or in response to stress. Triacylglycerols are the common form of fatty acid transport and storage.
VPetri
2010-02-17T02:19:06Z
pathway
Triglyceride catabolism
lipolysis pathway
triglyceride catabolic process
PW:0000737
triacylglycerol degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of triacylglycerols when energy reserves are low, such as in the fasting state, during exercise or in response to stress. Triacylglycerols are the common form of fatty acid transport and storage.
GO:0019433
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
Reactome:R-HSA-163560
Fatty acid degradation via beta oxidation, the most common fatty acid degradation pathway, occurs in four reactions resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA two carbon shorter than the one that began the cycle. Acetyl-CoA can undergo further oxidation via the Krebs cycle or can be converted to ketone bodies.
VPetri
2010-02-17T02:50:24Z
pathway
SMP:00052
SMP:00480
SMP:00481
SMP:00482
fatty acid beta oxidation pathway
PW:0000738
fatty acid beta degradation pathway
Fatty acid degradation via beta oxidation, the most common fatty acid degradation pathway, occurs in four reactions resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA two carbon shorter than the one that began the cycle. Acetyl-CoA can undergo further oxidation via the Krebs cycle or can be converted to ketone bodies.
PMID:10816122
PMID:14728673
The degradation of branched-chain fatty acids is carried out by the alpha oxidation pathway. In humans, this pathway occurs in peroxisomes.
VPetri
2010-02-17T03:02:55Z
pathway
fatty acid alpha oxidation pathway
PW:0000739
fatty acid alpha degradation pathway
The degradation of branched-chain fatty acids is carried out by the alpha oxidation pathway. In humans, this pathway occurs in peroxisomes.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
The pathway of unsaturated fatty acids requires additional enzymes.
VPetri
2010-02-17T03:06:21Z
pathway
PW:0000740
unsaturated fatty acid degradation pathway
The pathway of unsaturated fatty acids requires additional enzymes.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
A ganglioside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM2. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease.
vpetri
2010-02-18T12:39:44Z
pathway
PW:0000741
altered ganglioside metabolic pathway
A ganglioside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM2. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
A glycoshingolipid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered glycosphingolipid metabolism has been associated with several lysosomal storage diseases and most appear to be fatal.
vpetri
2010-02-18T01:03:56Z
pathway
PW:0000742
altered glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway
A glycoshingolipid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered glycosphingolipid metabolism has been associated with several lysosomal storage diseases and most appear to be fatal.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of galactocerebroside, a cerebroside in which the monosaccharide is galactose.
vpetri
2010-02-18T01:15:17Z
pathway
PW:0000743
galactocerebroside metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of galactocerebroside, a cerebroside in which the monosaccharide is galactose.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glucocerebroside, a cerebroside in which the monosaccharide is glucose.
vpetri
2010-02-18T01:15:47Z
pathway
PW:0000744
glucocerebroside metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glucocerebroside, a cerebroside in which the monosaccharide is glucose.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of sphingomyelin - a sphingolipid found abundantly in the myelin sheath of nerve cells.
vpetri
2010-02-18T01:28:17Z
pathway
sphingomyelin metabolic process
PW:0000745
sphingomyelin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of sphingomyelin - a sphingolipid found abundantly in the myelin sheath of nerve cells.
GO:0006684
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
A sphingomyelin metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Niemann-Pick disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades sphingomyelin. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease.
vpetri
2010-02-18T01:34:19Z
pathway
PW:0000746
altered sphingomyelin metabolic pathway
A sphingomyelin metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Niemann-Pick disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades sphingomyelin. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
A galactocerebroside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Krabbe's disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades galactocerebroside. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease.
vpetri
2010-02-18T01:41:25Z
pathway
PW:0000747
altered galactocerebroside metabolic pathway
A galactocerebroside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Krabbe's disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades galactocerebroside. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b
A cerebroside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered cerebroside metabolism has been associated with several lysosomal storage diseases and most appear to be fatal.
vpetri
2010-02-18T01:45:45Z
pathway
PW:0000748
altered cerebroside metabolic pathway
A cerebroside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered cerebroside metabolism has been associated with several lysosomal storage diseases and most appear to be fatal.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
A glucocerebroside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Gaucher's disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades glucocerebroside. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease.
vpetri
2010-02-18T02:02:09Z
pathway
PW:0000749
altered glucocerebroside metabolic pathway
A glucocerebroside metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. For instance, Gaucher's disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme that degrades glucocerebroside. This and other conditions involving impaired sphingolipid metabolism are collectively known as sphingolipid storage disease.
MCW_library:QU4_M235b_2009
An isoprenoid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant isoprenoid metabolism, as evidenced in alterations in cholesterol metabolism, has been associated with a variety of conditions.
VPetri
2010-02-23T03:06:26Z
pathway
PW:0000750
altered isoprenoid metabolic pathway
An isoprenoid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant isoprenoid metabolism, as evidenced in alterations in cholesterol metabolism, has been associated with a variety of conditions.
MCW_library:QU85_B615_2008
PMID:16876788
An isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, as evidenced in altered cholesterol biosynthesis has been associated with several conditions.
VPetri
2010-02-23T03:12:58Z
pathway
PW:0000751
altered isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway
An isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, as evidenced in altered cholesterol biosynthesis has been associated with several conditions.
MCW_library:QU85_B615_2008
PMID:16876788
A cholesterol biosynthetic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant cholesterol biosynthesis involves defects in enzymes of both early and later steps leading to several disorders.
VPetri
2010-02-23T03:18:14Z
pathway
PW:0000752
altered cholesterol biosynthetic pathway
A cholesterol biosynthetic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant cholesterol biosynthesis involves defects in enzymes of both early and later steps leading to several disorders.
MCW_library:QU_85_B615_2008
PMID:16876788
The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathway has important roles in the control of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. SREBPs are sterol-regulated transcription factors that belong to the bHLH family.
VPetri
2010-02-24T10:47:34Z
pathway
SREBP signaling pathway
PW:0000753
sterol regulatory element-binding protein signaling pathway
The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) pathway has important roles in the control of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. SREBPs are sterol-regulated transcription factors that belong to the bHLH family.
GO:0032933
PMID:17303406
The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics pathway elicited by the administration of specific drugs. The systems involved in drug processing and responses are also those handling exogenous, xenobiotic compounds in the cellular detoxification pathway. The distinction between a random encounter with a foreign compound and the processing of a substance administered for treatment along with the importance of genetic variation for the individual responses to particular drugs warrant their separate consideration.
VPetri
2010-03-15T11:01:15Z
pathway
PW:0000754
drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics pathway elicited by the administration of specific drugs. The systems involved in drug processing and responses are also those handling exogenous, xenobiotic compounds in the cellular detoxification pathway. The distinction between a random encounter with a foreign compound and the processing of a substance administered for treatment along with the importance of genetic variation for the individual responses to particular drugs warrant their separate consideration.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg/
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of benzodiazepines, a class of drugs acting upon the central nervous system. The drugs are administered as sedatives and also as antiepileptics. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-15T11:26:01Z
pathway
PW:0000755
benzodiazepine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of benzodiazepines, a class of drugs acting upon the central nervous system. The drugs are administered as sedatives and also as antiepileptics. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepine represent a class of drugs used as sedatives. They act as ligands for the GABA-A receptor to stimulate its inhibitory activity. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-15T11:30:00Z
pathway
PW:0000756
benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepine represent a class of drugs used as sedatives. They act as ligands for the GABA-A receptor to stimulate its inhibitory activity. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of benzodiazepine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs used as sedatives. They act as ligands for the GABA-A receptor to stimulate its inhibitory activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-15T11:31:43Z
pathway
PW:0000757
benzodiazepine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of benzodiazepine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs used as sedatives. They act as ligands for the GABA-A receptor to stimulate its inhibitory activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of gemcitabine, a cytidine analogue that is administered as a prodrug for the treatment of certain types of cancer. The diphosphate form is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases, essential enzymes of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-17T08:04:55Z
pathway
PW:0000758
gemcitabine pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of gemcitabine, a cytidine analogue that is administered as a prodrug for the treatment of certain types of cancer. The diphosphate form is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases, essential enzymes of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of gemcitabine. Gemcitabine is a cytidine analogue administered as a prodrug for the treatment of certain cancers. The diphosphate form is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases, essential enzymes of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-17T08:18:10Z
pathway
SMP:00603
PW:0000759
gemcitabine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of gemcitabine. Gemcitabine is a cytidine analogue administered as a prodrug for the treatment of certain cancers. The diphosphate form is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases, essential enzymes of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://pathman.smpdb.ca/pathways/SMP00446/pathway
http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA2036
The pathway of gemcitabine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Gemcitabine is a cytidine analogue that is administered as a prodrug for the treatment of certain types of cancer. The diphosphate form is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases, essential enzymes of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-17T08:27:03Z
pathway
SMP:00446
PW:0000760
gemcitabine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of gemcitabine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Gemcitabine is a cytidine analogue that is administered as a prodrug for the treatment of certain types of cancer. The diphosphate form is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases, essential enzymes of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA2036
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-17T08:51:56Z
pathway
celebrex pathway
PW:0000761
celecoxib drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PharmGKB:www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of celecoxib - a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-17T09:03:48Z
pathway
SMP:00644
celebrex pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0000762
celecoxib pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of celecoxib - a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://pathman.smpdb.ca/pathways/SMP00096/pathway
http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA152241951
The pathway of celecoxib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-17T09:14:56Z
pathway
SMP:00096
celebrex pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0000763
celecoxib pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of celecoxib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA152241951
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ifosfamide, am antitumor agent used in the treatment of certain cancers. It is administered as a prodrug that has to be converted to the active form. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-22T01:04:43Z
pathway
PW:0000764
ifosfamide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ifosfamide, am antitumor agent used in the treatment of certain cancers. It is administered as a prodrug that has to be converted to the active form. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://pathman.smpdb.ca/pathways/SMP00448/pathway
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of ifosfamide, a prodrug used against solid tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-22T01:13:38Z
pathway
SMP:00605
PW:0000765
ifosfamide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of ifosfamide, a prodrug used against solid tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://pathman.smpdb.ca/pathways/SMP00448/pathway
http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA2037
The pathway of ifosfamide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ifosfamide is administered as a prodrug and is widely used as an alkylating agent for the treatment of certain cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-22T01:21:34Z
pathway
SMP:00448
PW:0000766
ifosfamide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ifosfamide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ifosfamide is administered as a prodrug and is widely used as an alkylating agent for the treatment of certain cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://pathman.smpdb.ca/pathways/SMP00448/pathway
http://www.pharmgkb.org/search/pathway/ifos/ifos-pd.jsp
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. Omeprazole is the representative compound of a class of such inhibitors that are administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-22T01:39:19Z
pathway
PW:0000767
omeprazole drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. Omeprazole is the representative compound of a class of such inhibitors that are administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of omeprazole, a representative compound of a class of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-22T01:44:57Z
pathway
SMP:00613
PW:0000768
omeprazole pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of omeprazole, a representative compound of a class of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA152530846
The pathway of omeprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Omeprazole is a representative compound of a class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-03-22T01:50:32Z
pathway
SMP:00226
PW:0000769
omeprazole pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of omeprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Omeprazole is a representative compound of a class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/search/pathway/proton-pump/proton-pump-pd.jsp
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of C19-steroid hormones. Pregnenolone, a C21 steroid derived from cholesterol, and progesterone, to which pregnenolone can be converted, provide the starting material for the C21, C19 and C18 steroid hormones. The C19 class is represented by androgens such as testosterone.
VPetri
2010-04-20T03:43:21Z
pathway
Androgen biosynthesis
androgen biosynthetic pathway
androgen biosynthetic process
PW:0000770
C19-steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of C19-steroid hormones. Pregnenolone, a C21 steroid derived from cholesterol, and progesterone, to which pregnenolone can be converted, provide the starting material for the C21, C19 and C18 steroid hormones. The C19 class is represented by androgens such as testosterone.
GO:0006702
PMID:17926129
PMID:18720009
Reactome:R-HSA-193048
Mineralocorticoids are a group of C21 steroid hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex and so named because of their effects on the concentration of sodium as well as potassium and chloride. The group is best exemplified by aldosterone.
VPetri
2010-04-20T04:01:52Z
pathway
Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis
mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process
PW:0000771
mineralocorticoid biosynthetic pathway
Mineralocorticoids are a group of C21 steroid hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex and so named because of their effects on the concentration of sodium as well as potassium and chloride. The group is best exemplified by aldosterone.
GO:0006705
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-193993
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glucocorticoids, a group of C21 steroid hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex and so named because of their effects on glucose metabolism. They also play a role in developmental processes and the immune system. The group is best exemplified by cortisol.
VPetri
2010-04-20T04:31:54Z
pathway
Glucocorticoid biosynthesis
glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
PW:0000772
glucocorticoid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glucocorticoids, a group of C21 steroid hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex and so named because of their effects on glucose metabolism. They also play a role in developmental processes and the immune system. The group is best exemplified by cortisol.
GO:0006704
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-194002
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of aldosterone, a C21 mineralocorticoid produced in the outer zone, the zona glomerulosa, of the adrenal cortex from cholesterol as the precursor. It plays important roles in the regulation of water and salt balance.
VPetri
2010-04-20T04:49:31Z
pathway
aldosterone biosynthetic process
PW:0000773
aldosterone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of aldosterone, a C21 mineralocorticoid produced in the outer zone, the zona glomerulosa, of the adrenal cortex from cholesterol as the precursor. It plays important roles in the regulation of water and salt balance.
GO:0032342
PMID:17926129
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cortisol, a C21 glucocorticoid produced in the middle zone, the zona fasciculata, of the adrenal cortex from cholesterol as the precursor. It plays important roles in the metabolism of carbohydrates and other nutrients.
VPetri
2010-04-20T04:49:53Z
pathway
cortisol biosynthetic process
PW:0000774
cortisol biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cortisol, a C21 glucocorticoid produced in the middle zone, the zona fasciculata, of the adrenal cortex from cholesterol as the precursor. It plays important roles in the metabolism of carbohydrates and other nutrients.
GO:0034651
PMID:17926129
An epidermal growth factor/neuregulin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of the pathway, mostly as upregulation due to the increased expression or amplification of ligands and/or receptors, or mutations leading to such increases, has been linked to numerous forms of cancer, such as pancreatic, lung, endometrial and breast.
VPetri
2010-04-26T10:53:15Z
pathway
PW:0000775
altered epidermal growth factor/neuregulin signaling pathway
An epidermal growth factor/neuregulin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulation of the pathway, mostly as upregulation due to the increased expression or amplification of ligands and/or receptors, or mutations leading to such increases, has been linked to numerous forms of cancer, such as pancreatic, lung, endometrial and breast.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, also known as ketone bodies, although only acetoacetate is a ketone. Generally, the acetyl-CoA derived from fatty acid oxidation enters the citrate cycle. In the liver, a substantial fraction of acetyl-CoA is converted to ketone bodies which are then released into the bloodstream to supply peripheral tissues.
VPetri
2010-05-20T01:06:48Z
pathway
Synthesis of Ketone Bodies
ketone biosynthetic process
PW:0000776
ketone bodies biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, also known as ketone bodies, although only acetoacetate is a ketone. Generally, the acetyl-CoA derived from fatty acid oxidation enters the citrate cycle. In the liver, a substantial fraction of acetyl-CoA is converted to ketone bodies which are then released into the bloodstream to supply peripheral tissues.
GO:0042181
KEGG:map00072
MCW_Libraries:QU4_V876f_2008
Reactome:R-HSA-77111
Those metabolic reactions that convert acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate back to acetyl-CoA, which then can enter the citrate cycle for energy production. Ketone bodies are synthesized in the liver and released into the bloodstream to supply fuel to peripheral tissues, heart and skeletal muscle in particular and during starvation, the brain.
VPetri
2010-05-20T01:23:02Z
pathway
Utilization of Ketone Bodies
ketone body catabolic process
PW:0000777
ketone bodies degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions that convert acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate back to acetyl-CoA, which then can enter the citrate cycle for energy production. Ketone bodies are synthesized in the liver and released into the bloodstream to supply fuel to peripheral tissues, heart and skeletal muscle in particular and during starvation, the brain.
GO:0046952
KEGG:map00072
MCW_Libraries:QU4_V876f_2008
Reactome:R-HSA-77108
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of testosterone, a C19-steroid hormone secreted primarily in the testes and ovaries and to a lesser extend by the adrenal glands.
VPetri
2010-05-20T02:21:52Z
pathway
testosterone biosynthetic process
PW:0000778
testosterone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of testosterone, a C19-steroid hormone secreted primarily in the testes and ovaries and to a lesser extend by the adrenal glands.
GO:0061370
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone, a C19 steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex and a primary precursor of estrogens.
VPetri
2010-05-20T02:25:04Z
pathway
DHEA biosynthetic pathway
PW:0000779
dehydroepiandrosterone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone, a C19 steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex and a primary precursor of estrogens.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of C18-steroid hormones. Pregnenolone, a C21 steroid derived from cholesterol, and progesterone, to which pregnenolone can be converted, provide the starting material for the C21, C19 and C18 steroid hormones. The C18 class is represented by estrogens. The major natural estrogens are beta-estradiol - the primary estrogen, the estrone of menopause and the estriol of pregnancy.
VPetri
2010-05-20T02:42:49Z
pathway
Estrogen biosynthesis
estrogen biosynthetic pathway
estrogen biosynthetic process
PW:0000780
C18-steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of C18-steroid hormones. Pregnenolone, a C21 steroid derived from cholesterol, and progesterone, to which pregnenolone can be converted, provide the starting material for the C21, C19 and C18 steroid hormones. The C18 class is represented by estrogens. The major natural estrogens are beta-estradiol - the primary estrogen, the estrone of menopause and the estriol of pregnancy.
GO:0006703
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:17926129
Reactome:R-HSA-193144
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of estradiol, the major C18 steroid hormone. The term generally refers to the 17 beta isomer, the most potent form of estrogen.
VPetri
2010-05-20T03:08:05Z
pathway
17beta-estradiol biosynthetic pathway
PW:0000781
estradiol biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of estradiol, the major C18 steroid hormone. The term generally refers to the 17 beta isomer, the most potent form of estrogen.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Glucocorticoids, C21-steroid hormones, initiate signaling by binding to their specific nuclear receptor to regulate metabolism, development and immune response. The major glucocorticoid is cortisol.
VPetri
2010-05-21T01:43:39Z
pathway
PW:0000782
glucocorticoid signaling pathway
Glucocorticoids, C21-steroid hormones, initiate signaling by binding to their specific nuclear receptor to regulate metabolism, development and immune response. The major glucocorticoid is cortisol.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Mineralocorticoids, C21 steroid hormones, initiate signaling by binding to their cognate receptor to regulate water and mineral levels. The main endogenous mineralocorticoid is aldosterone.
VPetri
2010-05-21T02:05:00Z
pathway
PW:0000783
mineralocorticoid signaling pathway
Mineralocorticoids, C21 steroid hormones, initiate signaling by binding to their cognate receptor to regulate water and mineral levels. The main endogenous mineralocorticoid is aldosterone.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
An androgen signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered androgen signaling, due to upregulation of the androgen receptor, has been implicated in prostate cancer.
VPetri
2010-06-01T09:36:38Z
pathway
PW:0000784
altered androgen signaling pathway
An androgen signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered androgen signaling, due to upregulation of the androgen receptor, has been implicated in prostate cancer.
PMID:17163421
PMID:18657355
VPetri
2010-06-02T09:54:05Z
pathway
PW:0000785
altered lipid hormone signaling pathway
VPetri
2010-06-02T09:54:34Z
pathway
PW:0000786
altered steroid hormone signaling pathway
VPetri
2010-06-02T09:55:15Z
pathway
PW:0000787
altered sex steroids signaling pathway
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide signaling plays an important role in promoting insulin secretion. Gip is secreted from the K intestinal cells in response to nutrient ingestion. It signals via a G-protein coupled receptor to increase calcium and cAMP and activate downstream signaling pathways.
VPetri
2010-06-18T02:32:43Z
pathway
GIP signaling pathway
PW:0000788
glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide signaling pathway
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide signaling plays an important role in promoting insulin secretion. Gip is secreted from the K intestinal cells in response to nutrient ingestion. It signals via a G-protein coupled receptor to increase calcium and cAMP and activate downstream signaling pathways.
PMID:19074620
Glucagon-like peptide-1 signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting insulin secretion. GLp-1 is secreted from the L intestinal cells in response to nutrient ingestion. It signals via a G-protein coupled receptor to increase calcium and cAMP and activate numerous downstream signaling pathways.
VPetri
2010-06-18T02:44:07Z
pathway
PW:0000789
glucagon-like peptide-1 signaling pathway
Glucagon-like peptide-1 signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting insulin secretion. GLp-1 is secreted from the L intestinal cells in response to nutrient ingestion. It signals via a G-protein coupled receptor to increase calcium and cAMP and activate numerous downstream signaling pathways.
PMID:19074620
Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha receptor 1 and 2 couple to the Galphaq and Galphai subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, respectively. The three beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit.
VPetri
2010-06-18T03:39:46Z
pathway
PW:0000790
epinephrine signaling pathway
Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha receptor 1 and 2 couple to the Galphaq and Galphai subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, respectively. The three beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha receptor 1 and 2 couple to the Galphaq and Galphai subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, respectively. The three beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit.
VPetri
2010-06-18T03:50:51Z
pathway
PW:0000791
norepinephrine signaling pathway
Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha receptor 1 and 2 couple to the Galphaq and Galphai subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, respectively. The three beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 1 receptors couple to the Galphaq subunit.
VPetri
2010-06-18T03:54:56Z
pathway
PW:0000792
epinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor alpha 1
Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 1 receptors couple to the Galphaq subunit.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, of the G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 2 receptors couple to the Galphai subunit.
VPetri
2010-06-18T03:55:32Z
pathway
Adrenaline signalling through Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor
PW:0000793
epinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor alpha 2
Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, of the G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 2 receptors couple to the Galphai subunit.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-392023
Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit. Beta 2 receptor may also couple to Galphai.
VPetri
2010-06-18T03:56:07Z
pathway
PW:0000794
epinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor beta
Epinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit. Beta 2 receptor may also couple to Galphai.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 1 receptors couple to the Galphaq subunit.
VPetri
2010-06-18T03:58:19Z
pathway
PW:0000795
norepinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor alpha 1
Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 1 receptors couple to the Galphaq subunit.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 2 receptors couple to the Galphai subunit.
VPetri
2010-06-18T03:59:08Z
pathway
PW:0000796
norepinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor alpha 2
Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The alpha 2 receptors couple to the Galphai subunit.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit. Beta 2 receptor may also couple to Galphai.
VPetri
2010-06-18T03:59:44Z
pathway
PW:0000797
norepinephrine signaling pathway via adrenergic receptor beta
Norepinephrine acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It promotes various actions by signaling via various adrenergic receptors, G-protein coupled receptor type. The beta receptors couple to the Galphas subunit. Beta 2 receptor may also couple to Galphai.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Catecholamines act as hormones and neurotransmitters. The major catecholamines are dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. They are derived from tyrosine and are not to be confused with tyrosine-based hormones.
VPetri
2010-06-18T04:09:20Z
pathway
PW:0000798
catecholamine signaling pathway
Catecholamines act as hormones and neurotransmitters. The major catecholamines are dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. They are derived from tyrosine and are not to be confused with tyrosine-based hormones.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors drugs - beta-agonists and blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta-agonists are used to stimulate while beta-blocker antagonists are used to inhibit these responses, as necessary. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-06-30T10:47:27Z
pathway
PW:0000799
adrenergic beta receptor drug pathway - beta-agonist and beta-blocker
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors drugs - beta-agonists and blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta-agonists are used to stimulate while beta-blocker antagonists are used to inhibit these responses, as necessary. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:19874988
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of beta adrenergic receptor drugs. The beta-agonists are used to stimulate while the beta-blockers are used to inhibit the action of adrenergic beta receptors, as necessary. Adrenergic beta receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine elicit various sympathetic responses important for proper cardiac function and in the case of beta2 receptor, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2010-07-01T08:56:44Z
pathway
PW:0000800
adrenergic beta receptor agonist and beta-blocker pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of beta adrenergic receptor drugs. The beta-agonists are used to stimulate while the beta-blockers are used to inhibit the action of adrenergic beta receptors, as necessary. Adrenergic beta receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine elicit various sympathetic responses important for proper cardiac function and in the case of beta2 receptor, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:19874988
The pathway of beta adrenergic drug-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The beta-agonists are used to stimulate while the beta-blockers are used to inhibit the action of adrenergic beta receptors, as necessary. Adrenergic beta receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine elicit various sympathetic responses important for proper cardiac function and in the case of beta2 receptor, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2010-07-01T09:12:37Z
pathway
SMP:00296
SMP:00297
PW:0000801
adrenergic beta receptor agonist and beta-blocker pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of beta adrenergic drug-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The beta-agonists are used to stimulate while the beta-blockers are used to inhibit the action of adrenergic beta receptors, as necessary. Adrenergic beta receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine elicit various sympathetic responses important for proper cardiac function and in the case of beta2 receptor, smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:19874988
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of dopamine.
VPetri
2010-08-13T02:17:38Z
pathway
dopamine biosynthetic process
PW:0000802
dopamine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of dopamine.
GO:0042416
PMID:19342614
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of epinephrine. Epinephrine is primarily synthesized in adrenal chromaffin cells in response to specific stresses that activate the sympatho-adreno-medullary system.
VPetri
2010-08-13T02:18:06Z
pathway
epinephrine biosynthetic process
PW:0000803
epinephrine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of epinephrine. Epinephrine is primarily synthesized in adrenal chromaffin cells in response to specific stresses that activate the sympatho-adreno-medullary system.
GO:0042418
PMID:19342614
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is primarily synthesized in sympathetic neurons in response to stresses such as cold or pain.
VPetri
2010-08-13T02:18:28Z
pathway
norepinephrine biosynthetic process
PW:0000804
norepinephrine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is primarily synthesized in sympathetic neurons in response to stresses such as cold or pain.
GO:0042421
PMID:19342614
A Trail mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations with the death domain of the receptors or deletions within the region containing the receptor genes have been reported for certain types of lymphomas.
VPetri
2010-09-10T04:41:18Z
pathway
PW:0000805
altered Trail mediated signaling pathway
A Trail mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations with the death domain of the receptors or deletions within the region containing the receptor genes have been reported for certain types of lymphomas.
PMID:18813321
PMID:20336667
A FasL mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
VPetri
2010-09-10T05:12:24Z
pathway
PW:0000806
altered FasL mediated signaling pathway
A FasL mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
PMID:10712254
A transcription pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant transcription can have devastating consequences. Altered signaling mediated by various transcription factors has been implicated in a spectrum of human diseases.
VPetri
2010-10-08T11:40:35Z
pathway
PW:0000807
altered transcription pathway
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of small RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The biogenesis and function of miRNA is subject to complex control. Deregulation of miRNA expression has been linked to many diseases including cancer.
VPetri
2010-10-08T12:35:16Z
pathway
MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis
miRNA pathway
production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA
PW:0000808
microRNA pathway
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of small RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The biogenesis and function of miRNA is subject to complex control. Deregulation of miRNA expression has been linked to many diseases including cancer.
GO:0035196
PMID:20471939
PMID:20661255
PMID:20885409
Reactome:R-HSA-203927
The small non-coding RNA pathways have emerged as potent regulators of gene expression. Three major classes have been identified of which the microRNA (miRNA) system is the better understood one.
VPetri
2010-10-15T02:16:18Z
pathway
PW:0000809
small non-coding RNA pathway
The small non-coding RNA pathways have emerged as potent regulators of gene expression. Three major classes have been identified of which the microRNA (miRNA) system is the better understood one.
PMID:19165215
PMID:20484662
VPetri
2010-10-15T03:37:08Z
pathway
endo-siRNA
PW:0000810
endogenous small interfering RNA pathway
Piwi-RNA (piRNAs) are believed to play a role in gene silencing, particularly the silencing of transposons as many
VPetri
2010-10-15T03:48:40Z
pathway
piRNA pathway
PW:0000811
Piwi-interacting RNA pathway
Piwi-RNA (piRNAs) are believed to play a role in gene silencing, particularly the silencing of transposons as many
Cell:new_article
A small non-coding RNA pathway that deviates from what its normal course should. For instance, alterations in miRNA pathway have been associated with many diseases including various types of cancer.
VPetri
2010-10-15T03:53:29Z
pathway
PW:0000812
altered small non-coding RNA pathway
A small non-coding RNA pathway that deviates from what its normal course should. For instance, alterations in miRNA pathway have been associated with many diseases including various types of cancer.
PMID:19882673
PMID:20885409
A microRNA pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. An altered miRNA pathway has been implicated in many diseases including various forms of cancer.
VPetri
2010-10-15T04:05:12Z
pathway
altered miRNA pathway
PW:0000813
altered microRNA pathway
A microRNA pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. An altered miRNA pathway has been implicated in many diseases including various forms of cancer.
PMID:20885409
Toll-like receptors represent a large and the better understood family of pattern recognition receptors that sense an array of exogenous structures, and recent evidence shows they can also recognize defective endogenous molecules. The intracellular signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators.
VPetri
2010-10-27T11:29:27Z
pathway
TLR signaling pathway
Toll-Like Receptors Cascades
PW:0000814
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Toll-like receptors represent a large and the better understood family of pattern recognition receptors that sense an array of exogenous structures, and recent evidence shows they can also recognize defective endogenous molecules. The intracellular signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators.
GO:0002224
KEGG:04620
PMID:20303867
PMID:20303872
Reactome:R-HSA-168898
C-type lectin receptors represent one of four classes of pattern recognition receptors. The intracellular signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators.
VPetri
2010-10-27T11:38:01Z
pathway
PW:0000815
C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
C-type lectin receptors represent one of four classes of pattern recognition receptors. The intracellular signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators.
PMID:20303867
PMID:20303872
This family of pattern recognition receptors are cytoplasmic proteins that recognize exogenous cytoplasmic DNA. The signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators.
VPetri
2010-10-27T11:43:26Z
pathway
RIG-I signaling pathway
RLR signaling pathway
PW:0000816
Retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG) I-like receptor signaling pathway
This family of pattern recognition receptors are cytoplasmic proteins that recognize exogenous cytoplasmic DNA. The signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators.
GO:0039529
KEGG:04622
PMID:20303867
PMID:20303872
NOD-like receptors are cytosolic proteins that recognize components of bacterial peptidoglycans. The signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators.
VPetri
2010-10-27T11:45:03Z
pathway
NLR signaling pathway
Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR) signaling pathways
nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000817
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
NOD-like receptors are cytosolic proteins that recognize components of bacterial peptidoglycans. The signaling cascades they set in motion lead to the expression of inflammatory mediators.
GO:0035872
KEGG:04621
PMID:20303867
PMID:20303872
Reactome:R-HSA-168643
Those signaling pathways that are involved in or mediate the various aspects of immune responses.
VPetri
2010-10-27T03:08:21Z
pathway
PW:0000818
signaling pathway pertinent to immunity
Those signaling pathways that are involved in or mediate the various aspects of immune responses.
MCW_library:Cellular_and_molecular_immunology,_by_Abbas,_Abul_K
VPetri
2010-10-27T03:09:00Z
pathway
PW:0000819
signaling pathway in the innate immune response
VPetri
2010-10-27T03:09:29Z
pathway
PW:0000820
signaling pathway in the adaptive immune response
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in developing thymocytes is important for the establishment of CD4 and CD8 lineages. Mature T cells express either CD4 or CD8 co-receptors which are essential for the interaction with peptide-bound class II or class I MHC complexes to elicit CD4 T helper (Th) or CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, respectively. In either case, T cell-initiated signaling activates the expression of genes whose products mediate these responses.
VPetri
2010-10-27T03:28:43Z
pathway
TCR signaling
TCR signaling pathway
PW:0000821
T cell receptor signaling pathway
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in developing thymocytes is important for the establishment of CD4 and CD8 lineages. Mature T cells express either CD4 or CD8 co-receptors which are essential for the interaction with peptide-bound class II or class I MHC complexes to elicit CD4 T helper (Th) or CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, respectively. In either case, T cell-initiated signaling activates the expression of genes whose products mediate these responses.
GO:0050852
KEGG:04660
MCW_library:Handbook_of_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
PMID:16448548
PMID:20537906
Reactome:R-HSA-202403
Antigen recognition by B cell receptors initiates signaling cascades that activate the expression of genes whose products are important for B cell functional responses.
VPetri
2010-10-27T04:44:51Z
pathway
BCR signaling pathway
Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR)
PW:0000822
B cell receptor signaling pathway
Antigen recognition by B cell receptors initiates signaling cascades that activate the expression of genes whose products are important for B cell functional responses.
GO:0050853
KEGG:04662
MCW_library:Handbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
PMID:19827951
PMID:20591989
Reactome:R-HSA-983705
Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies secreted by the B cell lymphocytes. Antibodies recognize antigens of extracellular microbes and act to neutralize and eliminate them. Activation of B cells can occur in a T cell dependent or independent manner.
VPetri
2010-11-01T01:49:11Z
pathway
PW:0000823
humoral immunity pathway
Humoral immunity is mediated by antibodies secreted by the B cell lymphocytes. Antibodies recognize antigens of extracellular microbes and act to neutralize and eliminate them. Activation of B cells can occur in a T cell dependent or independent manner.
MCW_library:Textbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
Cell-mediated immune response pathways are carried out by T cell lymphocytes. T cells receptors recognize peptides bound to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the antigen presenting cell. Depending on whether the co-receptor is CD4 or CD8, the receptors will interact with MHC class II or class I to elicit distinct responses against intracellular pathogens.
VPetri
2010-11-01T01:49:42Z
pathway
PW:0000824
cell-mediated immunity pathway
Cell-mediated immune response pathways are carried out by T cell lymphocytes. T cells receptors recognize peptides bound to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the antigen presenting cell. Depending on whether the co-receptor is CD4 or CD8, the receptors will interact with MHC class II or class I to elicit distinct responses against intracellular pathogens.
MCW_library:Handbook_of_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
The pathways of antigen processing and presentation assure the generation of peptides that have the structural attributes necessary for the association with and their placement near major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Protein antigens present in vesicular compartments generate class II peptides, those in cytosol, class I.
VPetri
2010-11-01T05:17:15Z
pathway
antigen processing and presentation
PW:0000825
antigen processing and presentation pathway
The pathways of antigen processing and presentation assure the generation of peptides that have the structural attributes necessary for the association with and their placement near major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Protein antigens present in vesicular compartments generate class II peptides, those in cytosol, class I.
GO:0019882
KEGG:04612
MCW_library:Handbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
T cells that express the CD4 co-receptor, also called T helper cells, recognize class II MHC presented antigens derived from internalized microbes to initiate a signaling cascade that results in enhanced microbicidal capacity of phagocytes. T helper cells can be further subdivided into subsets of CD4+ T cells based on the distinct cytokines they produce and effector functions they perform.
VPetri
2010-11-03T10:24:41Z
pathway
PW:0000826
T cell receptor signaling pathway in CD4+ T cells
T cells that express the CD4 co-receptor, also called T helper cells, recognize class II MHC presented antigens derived from internalized microbes to initiate a signaling cascade that results in enhanced microbicidal capacity of phagocytes. T helper cells can be further subdivided into subsets of CD4+ T cells based on the distinct cytokines they produce and effector functions they perform.
MCW:Handbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
T cells that express the CD8 co-receptor, also called cytotoxic or cytolytic T cells, recognize class I MHC presented antigens derived from cytosolic proteins to initiate a signaling cascade that results in killing of the target cell.
VPetri
2010-11-03T10:44:22Z
pathway
PW:0000827
T cell receptor signaling pathway in CD8+ T cells
T cells that express the CD8 co-receptor, also called cytotoxic or cytolytic T cells, recognize class I MHC presented antigens derived from cytosolic proteins to initiate a signaling cascade that results in killing of the target cell.
MCW:Handbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
Cytokine-initiated signaling pathways play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis.
VPetri
2010-11-03T03:48:57Z
pathway
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000828
cytokine mediated signaling pathway
Cytokine-initiated signaling pathways play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis.
GO:0019221
KEGG:04060
MCW_library:Handbook_on_molecular_and_cellular_immunology
Reactome:R-HSA-1280215
Chemokine-initiated pathways play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. They are also involved in development and tissue maintenance. The presence and localization of four cysteines is important for structural folding and is also the basis for chemokine classification. The spacing between the first two cysteine residues divides the family members into four groups. Most mammalian chemokines belong to the CC and CXC families. Chemokines signal via G-protein-coupled receptors to engage distinct G-protein signaling and downstream cascades.
VPetri
2010-11-03T04:27:00Z
pathway
Chemokine receptors bind chemokines
chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000829
chemokine mediated signaling pathway
Chemokine-initiated pathways play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. They are also involved in development and tissue maintenance. The presence and localization of four cysteines is important for structural folding and is also the basis for chemokine classification. The spacing between the first two cysteine residues divides the family members into four groups. Most mammalian chemokines belong to the CC and CXC families. Chemokines signal via G-protein-coupled receptors to engage distinct G-protein signaling and downstream cascades.
GO:0070098
KEGG:04062
MCW_library:Handbook_on_molecular_and_cellular_immunology
PMID:15062643
Reactome:R-HSA-380108
The CXC family members are characterized by the presence of two cysteine resides separated by one amino acid. CXC and CC are the two most prominent families. This family of chemokines is also subdivided into two subgroups: the one with the ELR motif - ELR (+) and the one without - ELR(-), respectively. Generally, ELR(+) and ELR(-) members bind to distinct chemokine, G-coupled protein, receptors. The effects of their signaling is for the most part angiogenic or angiostatic, respectively.
VPetri
2010-11-04T11:30:26Z
pathway
PW:0000830
CXC chemokine mediated signaling pathway
The CXC family members are characterized by the presence of two cysteine resides separated by one amino acid. CXC and CC are the two most prominent families. This family of chemokines is also subdivided into two subgroups: the one with the ELR motif - ELR (+) and the one without - ELR(-), respectively. Generally, ELR(+) and ELR(-) members bind to distinct chemokine, G-coupled protein, receptors. The effects of their signaling is for the most part angiogenic or angiostatic, respectively.
MCW:Handbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
PMID:15062643
PMID:18579287
The CC family members are characterized by the presence of two adjacent cysteine residues. The CC and the CXC family are the two most prominent families. Chemokines signal via G-protein coupled receptors to engage distinct G protein signaling and downstream cascades.
VPetri
2010-11-04T11:30:33Z
pathway
PW:0000831
CC chemokine mediated signaling pathway
The CC family members are characterized by the presence of two adjacent cysteine residues. The CC and the CXC family are the two most prominent families. Chemokines signal via G-protein coupled receptors to engage distinct G protein signaling and downstream cascades.
MCW:Handbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_biology
The C family of chemokine is small and its members have two rather than four cysteines residues. Chemokines signal via G-protein coupled receptors to engage distinct G protein signaling and downstream cascades.
VPetri
2010-11-04T11:32:38Z
pathway
PW:0000832
C chemokine mediated signaling pathway
The C family of chemokine is small and its members have two rather than four cysteines residues. Chemokines signal via G-protein coupled receptors to engage distinct G protein signaling and downstream cascades.
MCW:Handbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
PMID:15062643
The CX3X family of chemokine is small and characterized by the presence of three residues separating the first two cysteines. Currently, only one member is known in mammals. Chemokines signal via G-protein coupled receptors to engage distinct G protein signaling and downstream cascades.
VPetri
2010-11-12T05:03:05Z
pathway
PW:0000833
CX3C chemokine mediated signaling pathway
The CX3X family of chemokine is small and characterized by the presence of three residues separating the first two cysteines. Currently, only one member is known in mammals. Chemokines signal via G-protein coupled receptors to engage distinct G protein signaling and downstream cascades.
MCW:Handbook_on_cellular_and_molecular_immunology
PMID:15062643
Bile acid absorption by the intestinal epithelium and hepatic recycling collectively group the transport pathway of the important molecules of cholesterol catabolism.
VPetri
2010-12-22T02:05:33Z
pathway
KEGG:04976
PW:0000834
bile acid transport pathway
Bile acid absorption by the intestinal epithelium and hepatic recycling collectively group the transport pathway of the important molecules of cholesterol catabolism.
PMID:17404808
PMID:18837078
Breast cancer is a major cause of death among Western women and many breast tumors are estrogen-dependent. Pharmacologically two major therapies have been developed: one targets the estrogen receptors via antagonists and selective modulators (SERM) and the second targets estrogen synthesis via aromatase inhibitors.
VPetri
2011-01-06T02:11:32Z
pathway
PW:0000835
anti-estrogen drug pathway
Breast cancer is a major cause of death among Western women and many breast tumors are estrogen-dependent. Pharmacologically two major therapies have been developed: one targets the estrogen receptors via antagonists and selective modulators (SERM) and the second targets estrogen synthesis via aromatase inhibitors.
PMID:20644568
Aromatase inhibitors block the last step of estrogen biosynthesis. They can be classified into first-, second- and third-generation drugs. Depending on whether they inactivate the aromatase complex irreversibly or reversibly, they can be further subdivided into type I and II, respectively. Currently, third generation drugs are being used.
VPetri
2011-01-07T05:07:46Z
pathway
PW:0000836
aromatase inhibitor pathway
Aromatase inhibitors block the last step of estrogen biosynthesis. They can be classified into first-, second- and third-generation drugs. Depending on whether they inactivate the aromatase complex irreversibly or reversibly, they can be further subdivided into type I and II, respectively. Currently, third generation drugs are being used.
PMID:12402060
PMID:14513434
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tamoxifen - one of the most widely used anti-estrogen drug that targets the estrogen receptor. The drug is a modulator than acts as an antagonist in breast cancer cells but can be an agonist in bone and the cardiovascular system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2011-01-17T01:05:40Z
pathway
PW:0000837
tamoxifen drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tamoxifen - one of the most widely used anti-estrogen drug that targets the estrogen receptor. The drug is a modulator than acts as an antagonist in breast cancer cells but can be an agonist in bone and the cardiovascular system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:19629072
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tamoxifen - a SERM anti-estrogen drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug. For instance, variation in CYP2D6, an important enzyme for the production of a primary drug metabolite, impacts on the available concentration of the drug.
VPetri
2011-01-17T01:06:28Z
pathway
SMP:00606
PW:0000838
tamoxifen pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tamoxifen - a SERM anti-estrogen drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug. For instance, variation in CYP2D6, an important enzyme for the production of a primary drug metabolite, impacts on the available concentration of the drug.
PMID:19629072
The pathway of tamoxifen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. In breast cancer cells, tamoxifen binding antagonizes estrogen binding and the subsequent conformational changes necessary for co-activators recruitment. It may also prompt the recruitment of co-repressor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2011-01-17T01:06:59Z
pathway
SMP:00471
PW:0000839
tamoxifen pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of tamoxifen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. In breast cancer cells, tamoxifen binding antagonizes estrogen binding and the subsequent conformational changes necessary for co-activators recruitment. It may also prompt the recruitment of co-repressor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:19629072
Protein kinase C constitutes a family of serine/threonine kinases activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and calcium whose signal transduction plays important roles in many cellular processes. Ligand-activated G protein-coupled receptors, via the Galphaq pathway, stimulate phospholipase C, which cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3. IP3 promotes calcium release.
VPetri
2011-03-09T10:02:32Z
pathway
protein kinase C signaling
PW:0000840
protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway
Protein kinase C constitutes a family of serine/threonine kinases activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and calcium whose signal transduction plays important roles in many cellular processes. Ligand-activated G protein-coupled receptors, via the Galphaq pathway, stimulate phospholipase C, which cleaves PIP2 into DAG and IP3. IP3 promotes calcium release.
GO:0070528
PMID:19934406
Acetylcholine signaling plays important roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems and exerts both excitatory and inhibitory effects. It is synthesized from acetyl-CoA and choline by choline O-acetyltransferase.
VPetri
2011-03-09T11:08:00Z
ACh signaling pathway
pathway
Acetylcholine binding and downstream events
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000841
acetylcholine signaling pathway
Acetylcholine signaling plays important roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems and exerts both excitatory and inhibitory effects. It is synthesized from acetyl-CoA and choline by choline O-acetyltransferase.
GO:0095500
KEGG:04725
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:17786266
Reactome:R-HSA-181431
Activation of the pentameric ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor leads to membrane depolarization and subsequent excitatory transmission. A salient feature of presynaptic signaling is promoting the release of various neurotransmitters depending on the neuron expressing the receptors.
VPetri
2011-03-09T11:18:32Z
pathway
PW:0000842
acetylcholine signaling pathway via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Activation of the pentameric ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor leads to membrane depolarization and subsequent excitatory transmission. A salient feature of presynaptic signaling is promoting the release of various neurotransmitters depending on the neuron expressing the receptors.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:21130117
PMID:22925690
PMID:23040810
Acetylcholine signaling via the metabotropic muscarinic receptors exerts important roles in the central and peripheral nervous system, the autonomic nervous system and also in non-neuronal cells. The five G protein-coupled receptors can be classified according to the G proteins they engage. Receptors M1, M3 and M5 predominantly couple to Galphaq whereas receptors M2 and M4 predominantly couple to Galphai-mediated pathways. The signaling effects can be either excitatory or inhibitory.
VPetri
2011-03-09T11:29:22Z
pathway
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000843
acetylcholine signaling pathway via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Acetylcholine signaling via the metabotropic muscarinic receptors exerts important roles in the central and peripheral nervous system, the autonomic nervous system and also in non-neuronal cells. The five G protein-coupled receptors can be classified according to the G proteins they engage. Receptors M1, M3 and M5 predominantly couple to Galphaq whereas receptors M2 and M4 predominantly couple to Galphai-mediated pathways. The signaling effects can be either excitatory or inhibitory.
GO:0007213
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:17786266
PMID:18082893
PMID:23759942
Glutamate signaling via the ionotropic AMPA or NMDA and several metabotropic receptors plays important roles in the modulation of synaptic plasticity, long term depression or potentiation, and in learning and memory.
VPetri
2011-03-09T11:57:08Z
pathway
glutamate receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000844
glutamate signaling pathway
Glutamate signaling via the ionotropic AMPA or NMDA and several metabotropic receptors plays important roles in the modulation of synaptic plasticity, long term depression or potentiation, and in learning and memory.
GO:0007215
KEGG:04724
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Glutamate signaling via the ionotropic NMDA glutamate receptor plays important roles in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory. The receptor is ligand-gated and voltage-dependent and requires glycine as a co-agonist.
VPetri
2011-03-09T12:10:19Z
pathway
Activation of NMDA receptors and postsynaptic events
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000845
glutamate signaling pathway via NMDA receptor
Glutamate signaling via the ionotropic NMDA glutamate receptor plays important roles in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory. The receptor is ligand-gated and voltage-dependent and requires glycine as a co-agonist.
GO:0035235
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-442755
Glutamate signaling via the ionotropic AMPA receptor plays important roles in long-term potentiation (LTP). The AMPA receptors are both receptors and cation channels.
VPetri
2011-03-09T12:24:02Z
pathway
Glutamate binding, activation of AMPA receptors and synaptic plasticity
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000846
glutamate signaling pathway via AMPA receptor
Glutamate signaling via the ionotropic AMPA receptor plays important roles in long-term potentiation (LTP). The AMPA receptors are both receptors and cation channels.
GO:0035235
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-399721
Glutamate signaling via the various metabotropic, G protein-coupled receptors plays important roles in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Based on their structure and physiological function, the receptors have been classified into three groups. Group I receptors couple to Galphaq, group II and III couple to Galphai
VPetri
2011-03-09T01:06:26Z
pathway
Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000847
glutamate signaling pathway via metabotropic glutamate receptor
Glutamate signaling via the various metabotropic, G protein-coupled receptors plays important roles in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Based on their structure and physiological function, the receptors have been classified into three groups. Group I receptors couple to Galphaq, group II and III couple to Galphai
GO:0007216
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-420499
Gamma-aminobutyric acid signals at inhibitory synapses via the type A receptor, which is part of a ligand-gated ion channel, and the type B receptors, which are metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors.
VPetri
2011-03-09T02:10:16Z
pathway
GABA receptor activation
PW:0000848
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
Gamma-aminobutyric acid signals at inhibitory synapses via the type A receptor, which is part of a ligand-gated ion channel, and the type B receptors, which are metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors.
GO:0007214
KEGG:04727
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Reactome:R-HSA-977443
VPetri
2011-03-09T03:02:04Z
pathway
PW:0000849
glutamate signaling pathway via group I metabotropic glutamate receptor
VPetri
2011-03-09T03:03:07Z
pathway
PW:0000850
glutamate signaling pathway via group II or III glutamate receptor
Dopamine signaling via D1-like receptors engages the Galphas family of G proteins leading to activation of adenylyl cyclases and increase in intracellular cAMP. Dopamine receptors 1 and 5 belong to this family.
VPetri
2011-03-09T03:15:01Z
pathway
SMP:00308
PW:0000851
dopamine signaling pathway via D1 family of receptors
Dopamine signaling via D1-like receptors engages the Galphas family of G proteins leading to activation of adenylyl cyclases and increase in intracellular cAMP. Dopamine receptors 1 and 5 belong to this family.
GO:0007212
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:17413183
Dopamine signaling via D2-like family of receptors engages the Galphai family of G proteins leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclases and reduction of intracellular cAMP. Dopamine receptors 2, 3 and 4 belong to this family.
VPetri
2011-03-09T03:22:26Z
pathway
PW:0000852
dopamine signaling pathway via D2 family of receptors
Dopamine signaling via D2-like family of receptors engages the Galphai family of G proteins leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclases and reduction of intracellular cAMP. Dopamine receptors 2, 3 and 4 belong to this family.
GO:0007212
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:17413183
Histamine signaling is important for the central and to some extent the peripheral nervous systems and is also involved in the immune responses. Histamine signaling engages four G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In the brain, it involves receptors H1 and H3 that couple to Galphaq and Galphai, respectively.
VPetri
2011-03-09T03:53:00Z
pathway
PW:0000853
histamine signaling pathway, neuronal
Histamine signaling is important for the central and to some extent the peripheral nervous systems and is also involved in the immune responses. Histamine signaling engages four G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In the brain, it involves receptors H1 and H3 that couple to Galphaq and Galphai, respectively.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine
Serotonin signaling exerts many roles, from regulation of appetite, mood and sleep to involvement in learning and memory and in muscle contraction. Serotonin signals via several receptors known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT receptors. With one exception, 5-HT receptors are G protein-coupled receptors engaging distinct G protein signaling to elicit distinct, both inhibitory and excitatory responses.
VPetri
2011-03-09T04:11:20Z
pathway
KEGG:04726
PW:0000854
serotonin signaling pathway
Serotonin signaling exerts many roles, from regulation of appetite, mood and sleep to involvement in learning and memory and in muscle contraction. Serotonin signals via several receptors known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT receptors. With one exception, 5-HT receptors are G protein-coupled receptors engaging distinct G protein signaling to elicit distinct, both inhibitory and excitatory responses.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:18571247
PMID:18676031
PMID:20925600
Acetylcholine signaling via receptor type M1, M3 and M5 primarily engages G alphaq protein family resulting in activation of phospholipase C and mobilization of intracellular calcium. The receptors are expressed in various areas of the brain and the cell membrane of effector tissues.
VPetri
2011-04-01T10:31:48Z
pathway
PW:0000855
acetylcholine signaling pathway via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors engaging G alphaq protein family
Acetylcholine signaling via receptor type M1, M3 and M5 primarily engages G alphaq protein family resulting in activation of phospholipase C and mobilization of intracellular calcium. The receptors are expressed in various areas of the brain and the cell membrane of effector tissues.
PMID:17786266
PMID:18082893
PMID:23759942
Acetylcholine signaling via receptor type M2 and M4 primarily engages G alphai protein family resulting in inhibition of adenylate cyclases and reduction of intracellular cAMP. The receptors are expressed in various areas of the brain and the cell membrane of effector tissues. A special feature is their role as autoreceptors at the presynapse of cholinergic neurons.
VPetri
2011-04-01T11:01:32Z
pathway
PW:0000856
acetylcholine signaling pathway via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors engaging G alphai protein family
Acetylcholine signaling via receptor type M2 and M4 primarily engages G alphai protein family resulting in inhibition of adenylate cyclases and reduction of intracellular cAMP. The receptors are expressed in various areas of the brain and the cell membrane of effector tissues. A special feature is their role as autoreceptors at the presynapse of cholinergic neurons.
PMID:17786266
PMID:18082893
PMID:23759942
The phase I biotransformation pathway involves the conversion of exogenous substances to more polar metabolites. Members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and to a lesser extent, flavin-containing monooxygenases mediate the reactions.
VPetri
2011-04-04T04:25:01Z
pathway
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds
PW:0000857
phase I biotransformation pathway
The phase I biotransformation pathway involves the conversion of exogenous substances to more polar metabolites. Members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and to a lesser extent, flavin-containing monooxygenases mediate the reactions.
PMID:19835560
Reactome:R-HSA-211945
The phase II biotransformation pathway involves the conjugation of phase I products to various hydrophilic moieties that renders them more suitable for excretion. Various enzyme superfamilies are involved in carrying out the specific conjugation of metabolites.
VPetri
2011-04-04T04:37:36Z
pathway
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds
PW:0000858
phase II biotransformation pathway
The phase II biotransformation pathway involves the conjugation of phase I products to various hydrophilic moieties that renders them more suitable for excretion. Various enzyme superfamilies are involved in carrying out the specific conjugation of metabolites.
PMID:19835560
PMID:20668491
Reactome:R-HSA-156580
Glucuronidation of phase I products by members of the UDP-glucuronosyltranferase superfamily represents the major phase II conjugation pathway.
VPetri
2011-04-04T05:03:51Z
pathway
Glucuronidation
cellular glucuronidation
PW:0000859
glucuronidation conjugation pathway
Glucuronidation of phase I products by members of the UDP-glucuronosyltranferase superfamily represents the major phase II conjugation pathway.
GO:0052695
PMID:20668491
Reactome:R-HSA-156588
The sulfonation of phase I products by members of the sulfotransferase family represents a major route of phase II biotransformation, second to the glucuronidation pathway.
VPetri
2011-04-04T05:12:08Z
pathway
PW:0000860
sulfonation conjugation pathway
The sulfonation of phase I products by members of the sulfotransferase family represents a major route of phase II biotransformation, second to the glucuronidation pathway.
PMID:20668491
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. A major route for pyrimidine synthesis is the de novo pathway. However, an alternate pathway, the salvage pathway, converts nucleosides generated by DNA or RNA breakdown back to nucleotide monophosphates which can then re-enter the biosynthetic pathway.
vpetri
2011-06-03T03:33:51Z
pathway
Pyrimidine biosynthesis
pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process
PW:0000861
pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. A major route for pyrimidine synthesis is the de novo pathway. However, an alternate pathway, the salvage pathway, converts nucleosides generated by DNA or RNA breakdown back to nucleotide monophosphates which can then re-enter the biosynthetic pathway.
GO:0019856
PMID:15096496
PMID:16098809
Reactome:R-HSA-500753
In the de novo biosynthetic pathway, pyrimidines are synthesized from simple precursors. Six reactions carried out by three enzymes in higher eukaryotes result in the formation of UMP, the precursor of all other pyrimidine nucleotides.
vpetri
2011-06-03T03:58:08Z
pathway
'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process
PW:0000862
de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway
In the de novo biosynthetic pathway, pyrimidines are synthesized from simple precursors. Six reactions carried out by three enzymes in higher eukaryotes result in the formation of UMP, the precursor of all other pyrimidine nucleotides.
GO:0006207
PMID:15096496
PMID:16098809
The salvage pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis, mostly used in resting and differentiated cells, allows for the synthesis of pyrimidines from intermediates derived from DNA and RNA degradation pathways.
vpetri
2011-06-03T04:12:23Z
pathway
Pyrimidine salvage
pyrimidine-containing compound salvage
PW:0000863
pyrimidine salvage pathway
The salvage pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis, mostly used in resting and differentiated cells, allows for the synthesis of pyrimidines from intermediates derived from DNA and RNA degradation pathways.
GO:0008655
PMID:15096496
PMID:16098809
Reactome:R-HSA-73614
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of pyrimidines.
vpetri
2011-06-03T04:46:14Z
pathway
Pyrimidine catabolism
pyrimidine nucleobase catabolic process
PW:0000864
pyrimidine degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of pyrimidines.
GO:0006208
PMID:16098809
Reactome:R-HSA-73621
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of purine nucleotides. A major route for purine synthesis is the novo pathway. However, an alternate pathway, the salvage pathway, can also be used.
VPetri
2011-06-06T04:49:00Z
pathway
PW:0000865
purine biosynthetic pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of purine nucleotides. A major route for purine synthesis is the novo pathway. However, an alternate pathway, the salvage pathway, can also be used.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation pathway of purines. Several enzymes are involved in the breakdown of adenine and guanine to uric acid. Primates, birds and other animal excrete uric acid. In other species uric acid is further metabolized to allantoin.
VPetri
2011-06-06T04:49:30Z
pathway
Purine catabolism
purine nucleobase catabolic process
PW:0000866
purine degradation pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation pathway of purines. Several enzymes are involved in the breakdown of adenine and guanine to uric acid. Primates, birds and other animal excrete uric acid. In other species uric acid is further metabolized to allantoin.
GO:0006145
OneLook:www.onelook.com
RGD_library:Lehringer_Principles_of_Biochemistry
Reactome:R-HSA-74259
De novo purine biosynthesis requires ten enzymatic reactions to produce inosine monophosphate (IMP). Both adenine and guanine are then derived from IMP via several reactions. Purines are synthesized as nucleosides, i.e., as bases attached to ribose. Purines can also be created synthetically.
VPetri
2011-06-06T04:50:02Z
pathway
PW:0000867
de novo purine biosynthetic pathway
De novo purine biosynthesis requires ten enzymatic reactions to produce inosine monophosphate (IMP). Both adenine and guanine are then derived from IMP via several reactions. Purines are synthesized as nucleosides, i.e., as bases attached to ribose. Purines can also be created synthetically.
PMID:18712276
The salvage pathway of purine biosynthesis allows for the synthesis of purines from intermediates derived from DNA and RNA degradation pathways. This is important because some tissues are unable to synthesize purines de novo.
VPetri
2011-06-06T04:50:32Z
pathway
Purine salvage
purine-containing compound salvage
PW:0000868
purine salvage pathway
The salvage pathway of purine biosynthesis allows for the synthesis of purines from intermediates derived from DNA and RNA degradation pathways. This is important because some tissues are unable to synthesize purines de novo.
GO:0043101
Reactome:R-HSA-74217
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of gefitinib. Gefitinib is the first selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2011-06-09T05:30:25Z
pathway
PW:0000869
gefitinib drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of gefitinib. Gefitinib is the first selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:19657272
PMID:21196393
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of gefitinib. Gefitinib is the first selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2011-06-09T05:30:58Z
pathway
PW:0000870
gefitinib pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of gefitinib. Gefitinib is the first selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:15801543
http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA152325160&objCls=Pathway
The pathway of gefitinib-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Gefitinib is the first selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2011-06-09T05:31:16Z
pathway
SMP:00473
PW:0000871
gefitinib pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of gefitinib-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Gefitinib is the first selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:21388312
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of erlotinib. Erlotinib is the second (after gefitinib) selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2011-06-14T03:33:11Z
pathway
PW:0000872
erlotinib drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of erlotinib. Erlotinib is the second (after gefitinib) selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:19657272
PMID:20072828
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of erlotinib. Erlotinib is the second (after gefitinib) selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2011-06-14T03:33:51Z
pathway
PW:0000873
erlotinib pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of erlotinib. Erlotinib is the second (after gefitinib) selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:19657272
http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA154426903&objCls=Pathway
The pathway of erlotinib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Erlotinib is the second (after gefitinib) selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2011-06-14T03:34:08Z
pathway
SMP:00472
PW:0000874
erlotinib pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of erlotinib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Erlotinib is the second (after gefitinib) selective inhibitor of EGFR whose mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain have been associated with hyperactive epidermal growth factor signaling in non-small cell lung cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:20072828
Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis occurs via the de novo pathway mediated by ribonucleotide reductase or via the salvage pathway. The de novo pathway is responsible for the bulk of dNTP during the S phase of the cell cycle, whereas the salvage pathway mostly operates in the quiescent state of the cell. Several cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes are responsible for the initial steps of the salvage pathway in the two compartments and for the reverse reactions that control the size of the dNTP pool.
VPetri
2011-07-01T10:58:55Z
pathway
deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
PW:0000875
deoxyribonucleotide metabolic pathway
Deoxyribonucleotide synthesis occurs via the de novo pathway mediated by ribonucleotide reductase or via the salvage pathway. The de novo pathway is responsible for the bulk of dNTP during the S phase of the cell cycle, whereas the salvage pathway mostly operates in the quiescent state of the cell. Several cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes are responsible for the initial steps of the salvage pathway in the two compartments and for the reverse reactions that control the size of the dNTP pool.
GO:0009262
PMID:15158709
PMID:16756507
PMID:17525869
PMID:20561600
Those metabolic reaction involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of polysaccharides that are components of bacterial cell wall. They may also act as virulence factors.
VPetri
2011-07-11T09:36:18Z
pathway
PW:0000876
bacterial polysaccharide metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reaction involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of polysaccharides that are components of bacterial cell wall. They may also act as virulence factors.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cytosine monophosphate, the only nucleotide sugar in the monophosphate form.
VPetri
2011-07-11T10:29:49Z
pathway
PW:0000877
cytosine monophosphate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cytosine monophosphate, the only nucleotide sugar in the monophosphate form.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Phosphatidylcholine is the predominant phospholipid of eukaryotic membranes. Of the three known biosynthetic pathways, two are found in eukaryotes and one, the CDP-choline pathway, is the best characterized.
VPetri
2011-07-11T10:44:15Z
pathway
Synthesis of PC
phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
PW:0000878
phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic pathway
Phosphatidylcholine is the predominant phospholipid of eukaryotic membranes. Of the three known biosynthetic pathways, two are found in eukaryotes and one, the CDP-choline pathway, is the best characterized.
GO:0006656
PMID:15749057
Reactome:R-HSA-1483191
A cortisol signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor have been associated with rare, sporadic or familial, glucocorticoid resistance.
VPetri
2011-08-23T09:15:01Z
pathway
PW:0000879
altered cortisol signaling pathway
A cortisol signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor have been associated with rare, sporadic or familial, glucocorticoid resistance.
PMID:21448414
VPetri
2011-08-23T09:19:49Z
pathway
PW:0000880
altered corticosteroid signaling pathway
VPetri
2011-08-23T09:20:35Z
pathway
PW:0000881
altered glucocorticoid signaling pathway
Interleukin-1 family mediated signaling plays important roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. The best characterized member of the family is interleukin-1, followed by interleukin-18 and the more recently identified interleukin-33. Other family members are less well characterized.
VPetri
2011-08-29T11:08:06Z
pathway
Il-1 family mediated signaling pathway
Interleukin-1 family signaling
PW:0000882
interleukin-1 family mediated signaling pathway
Interleukin-1 family mediated signaling plays important roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. The best characterized member of the family is interleukin-1, followed by interleukin-18 and the more recently identified interleukin-33. Other family members are less well characterized.
PMID:20081871
Reactome:R-HSA-446652
Interleukin-1 signaling, primarily via interleukin-1beta, plays important roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. Binding of the processed cytokine to its receptor allows for the recruitment of several accessory and adaptor proteins leading to the activation of NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling cascades. A natural receptor antagonist and a decoy receptor act as regulators of interleukin-1alpha and beta.
VPetri
2011-08-29T11:15:28Z
pathway
Il-1 signaling pathway
Interleukin-1 signaling
interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000883
interleukin-1 signaling pathway
Interleukin-1 signaling, primarily via interleukin-1beta, plays important roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. Binding of the processed cytokine to its receptor allows for the recruitment of several accessory and adaptor proteins leading to the activation of NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling cascades. A natural receptor antagonist and a decoy receptor act as regulators of interleukin-1alpha and beta.
GO:0070498
PID:200089
PMID:20081871
PMID:20303867
PMID:21219179
Reactome:R-HSA-9020702
Interleukin-18 signaling plays important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. In the central nervous system (CNS), Il-18 and its receptors have been shown to play a role in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes as well as behavior and homeostasis. In addition, Il-18 may be a mediator of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
VPetri
2011-08-29T11:16:18Z
pathway
Il-18 signaling pathway
Interleukin-18 signaling
interleukin-18-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000884
interleukin-18 signaling pathway
Interleukin-18 signaling plays important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. In the central nervous system (CNS), Il-18 and its receptors have been shown to play a role in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes as well as behavior and homeostasis. In addition, Il-18 may be a mediator of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
GO:0035655
PMID:20081871
PMID:20113500
PMID:21864160
Reactome:R-HSA-9012546
Interleukin-33 is the most recently discovered member of the interleukin-1 family. As with the other members of the family, signaling by interleukin-33 plays important roles in inflammation and immunity and may be critical for the development of inflammatory and immune diseases.
VPetri
2011-08-29T11:16:46Z
pathway
Il-33 signaling pathway
Interleukin-33 signaling
interleukin-33-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000885
interleukin-33 signaling pathway
Interleukin-33 is the most recently discovered member of the interleukin-1 family. As with the other members of the family, signaling by interleukin-33 plays important roles in inflammation and immunity and may be critical for the development of inflammatory and immune diseases.
GO:0038172
PMID:20081871
PMID:21934731
Reactome:R-HSA-9014843
VPetri
2011-12-06T09:28:03Z
pathway
PW:0000886
interleukin-19 signaling pathway
VPetri
2011-12-06T09:37:36Z
pathway
PW:0000887
interleukin-20 signaling pathway
Interleukin-22 signaling triggers the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade resulting in the activation of various T helper (Th) cells.
VPetri
2011-12-06T09:38:18Z
pathway
Il-22 signaling pathway
PW:0000888
interleukin-22 signaling pathway
Interleukin-22 signaling triggers the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade resulting in the activation of various T helper (Th) cells.
PMID:11929132
PMID:20127093
VPetri
2011-12-06T09:39:50Z
pathway
PW:0000889
interleukin-24 signaling pathway
VPetri
2011-12-06T09:40:28Z
pathway
PW:0000890
interleukin-26 signaling pathway
VPetri
2011-12-06T10:26:15Z
pathway
interferon lambda2 signaling pathway
PW:0000891
interleukin-28A signaling pathway
VPetri
2011-12-06T10:29:31Z
pathway
interferon lambda3 signaling pathway
PW:0000892
interleukin-28B signaling pathway
VPetri
2011-12-06T10:30:34Z
pathway
interferon lambda1 signaling pathway
PW:0000893
interleukin-29 signaling pathway
The interferons represent a subset of cytokines whose signaling is involved in various aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Based on the type of receptors they employ, interferons have been classified into type I and II. A third type, the lambda interferons, are members of the interleukin 10 family.
VPetri
2011-12-06T10:46:23Z
pathway
Interferon Signaling
interferon-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000894
interferon mediated signaling pathway
The interferons represent a subset of cytokines whose signaling is involved in various aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Based on the type of receptors they employ, interferons have been classified into type I and II. A third type, the lambda interferons, are members of the interleukin 10 family.
GO:0140888
PMID:17502369
PMID:20712454
Reactome:R-HSA-913531
Type I interferon, which includes all but one of the seven known human genes, binds to distinct receptors that activate the Jak-Stat signaling pathway.
VPetri
2011-12-06T10:58:32Z
pathway
PW:0000895
type I interferon signaling pathway
Type I interferon, which includes all but one of the seven known human genes, binds to distinct receptors that activate the Jak-Stat signaling pathway.
GO:0060337
PMID:17502369
Type II interferon, of which there is only one in humans, binds to distinct receptors that activate the Jak-Stat signaling pathway. It is known as interferon gamma signaling.
VPetri
2011-12-06T11:07:25Z
pathway
interferon gamma signaling
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000896
type II interferon signaling pathway
Type II interferon, of which there is only one in humans, binds to distinct receptors that activate the Jak-Stat signaling pathway. It is known as interferon gamma signaling.
GO:0060333
PID:200129
PMID:17502369
The interleukin-17 family-mediated signaling plays important roles in inflammation and in the development of autoimmunity as well as in the host defense against fungal and bacterial infections.
VPetri
2011-12-06T11:23:23Z
pathway
Il-17 family mediated signaling pathway
Interleukin-17 signaling
interleukin-17-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000897
interleukin-17 family mediated signaling pathway
The interleukin-17 family-mediated signaling plays important roles in inflammation and in the development of autoimmunity as well as in the host defense against fungal and bacterial infections.
GO:0097400
PMID:21349428
Reactome:R-HSA-448424
Interleukin-17E signaling, also known as interleukin-25, induces the production of Th2 cell cytokine leading to enhancement of Th2 cell responses.
VPetri
2011-12-06T02:31:33Z
pathway
Il-17E signaling pathway
Il-25 signaling pathway
PW:0000898
interleukin-17E signaling pathway
Interleukin-17E signaling, also known as interleukin-25, induces the production of Th2 cell cytokine leading to enhancement of Th2 cell responses.
PMID:21349428
Of the six family members of the interleukin-17 family, interleukin-17A is the founding member and the better-characterized system. While interleukin-17A binds the same receptor as interleukin-17F and can also heterodimerize with it, its signaling elicits distinct and broader responses.
VPetri
2011-12-06T02:31:40Z
pathway
Il-17A signaling pathway
interleukin-17A-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000899
interleukin-17A signaling pathway
Of the six family members of the interleukin-17 family, interleukin-17A is the founding member and the better-characterized system. While interleukin-17A binds the same receptor as interleukin-17F and can also heterodimerize with it, its signaling elicits distinct and broader responses.
GO:0038173
PMID:21349428
Interleukin-17F binds the same receptor as interleukin-17A and can also heterodimerize with it. However, its signaling while sharing features of interleukin-17A pathway also elicits distinct responses.
VPetri
2011-12-06T02:41:48Z
pathway
PW:0000900
interleukin-17F signaling pathway
Interleukin-17F binds the same receptor as interleukin-17A and can also heterodimerize with it. However, its signaling while sharing features of interleukin-17A pathway also elicits distinct responses.
PMID:21349428
An interleukin mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant interleukin signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
VPetri
2011-12-06T03:18:18Z
pathway
PW:0000901
altered interleukin mediated signaling pathway
An interleukin mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant interleukin signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases.
InHouse:PW_dictionary
vpetri
2012-01-23T04:17:23Z
pathway
PW:0000902
interleukin-11 signaling pathway
Leukemia inhibitory factor, an interleukin-6 family member, inhibits cell differentiation, affecting cell growth.
vpetri
2012-01-23T04:19:00Z
pathway
LIF signaling pathway
leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway
PW:0000903
leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway
Leukemia inhibitory factor, an interleukin-6 family member, inhibits cell differentiation, affecting cell growth.
GO:0048861
vpetri
2012-01-23T04:21:01Z
pathway
C
CNTF signaling pathway
PW:0000904
ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling pathway
Oncostatin M, an interleukin-6 family member, has roles in bone formation and destruction, and has activities affecting inflammation, development and hematopoiesis.
vpetri
2012-01-23T04:22:25Z
pathway
OSM signaling pathway
oncostatin-M-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000905
oncostatin M signaling pathway
Oncostatin M, an interleukin-6 family member, has roles in bone formation and destruction, and has activities affecting inflammation, development and hematopoiesis.
GO:0038165
The interleukin-2 family of cytokines, also known as the gamma(c) family because of the shared gamma(c) receptor, play crucial roles in the regulation of T cells.
VPetri
2012-03-23T12:26:10Z
pathway
Il-2 family mediated signaling pathway
Interleukin-2 family signaling
PW:0000906
interleukin-2 family mediated signaling pathway
The interleukin-2 family of cytokines, also known as the gamma(c) family because of the shared gamma(c) receptor, play crucial roles in the regulation of T cells.
PMID:19543225
PMID:21889323
Reactome:R-HSA-451927
Interleukin-2 is the prototypical member of the interleukin-2 family of cytokines. The signaling pathway initiated by Il-2 and the other family members activates the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade to regulate T cell, innate and adaptive immune responses.
VPetri
2012-03-23T12:33:40Z
pathway
Il-2 signaling pathway
Interleukin-2 signaling
interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000907
interleukin-2 signaling pathway
Interleukin-2 is the prototypical member of the interleukin-2 family of cytokines. The signaling pathway initiated by Il-2 and the other family members activates the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade to regulate T cell, innate and adaptive immune responses.
GO:0038110
PID:200098
PMID:19543225
PMID:21889323
Reactome:R-HSA-9020558
Interleukin-7, an interleukin-2 family member, is secreted by several cell types and is involved in leukemia progression.
VPetri
2012-03-23T12:38:11Z
pathway
Interleukin-7 signaling
interleukin-7-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000908
interleukin-7 signaling pathway
Interleukin-7, an interleukin-2 family member, is secreted by several cell types and is involved in leukemia progression.
GO:0038111
Reactome:R-HSA-1266695
Interleukin-9, an interleukin-2 family member, is produced by a variety of cell types; it stimulates hematopoietic cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis.
VPetri
2012-03-23T12:39:11Z
pathway
Interleukin-9 signaling
interleukin-9-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000909
interleukin-9 signaling pathway
Interleukin-9, an interleukin-2 family member, is produced by a variety of cell types; it stimulates hematopoietic cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis.
GO:0038113
Reactome:R-HSA-8985947
Interleukin-15, an interleukin-2 family member, induces natural killer cell proliferation and plays roles in adaptive and innate immunity.
VPetri
2012-03-23T12:39:32Z
pathway
Interleukin-15 signaling
interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000910
interleukin-15 signaling pathway
Interleukin-15, an interleukin-2 family member, induces natural killer cell proliferation and plays roles in adaptive and innate immunity.
GO:0035723
Reactome:R-HSA-8983432
Interleukin-21, an interleukin-2 family member, induces proliferation of immune system cells and has roles in cancer, allergies and viral infections.
VPetri
2012-03-23T12:39:52Z
pathway
Interleukin-21 signaling
interleukin-21-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000911
interleukin-21 signaling pathway
Interleukin-21, an interleukin-2 family member, induces proliferation of immune system cells and has roles in cancer, allergies and viral infections.
GO:0038114
Reactome:R-HSA-9020958
Interleukin-4 is a member of the interleukin 2 family of cytokines whose signaling is important for the differentiation of naive T helper cells.
VPetri
2012-03-23T12:48:51Z
Il-4 signaling pathway
pathway
interleukin-4-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000912
interleukin-4 signaling pathway
Interleukin-4 is a member of the interleukin 2 family of cytokines whose signaling is important for the differentiation of naive T helper cells.
GO:0035771
PID:200022
PMID:21889323
Interleukin-12 family members are heterodimeric cytokines produced by antigen-presenting cells. The signaling they initiate triggers the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade and plays important roles in the regulation of T helper (Th) cell differentiation.
VPetri
2012-03-23T03:39:11Z
pathway
Il-12 family mediated signaling pathway
Interleukin-12 family signaling
PW:0000913
interleukin-12 family mediated signaling pathway
Interleukin-12 family members are heterodimeric cytokines produced by antigen-presenting cells. The signaling they initiate triggers the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade and plays important roles in the regulation of T helper (Th) cell differentiation.
PMID:20885915
Reactome:R-HSA-447115
Interleukin-12 signaling activates the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade and promotes the differentiation and proliferation of Th1 cells and the production of interferon-gamma.
VPetri
2012-03-23T03:43:43Z
pathway
Il-12 signaling pathway
Interleukin-12 signaling
interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000914
interleukin-12 signaling pathway
Interleukin-12 signaling activates the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade and promotes the differentiation and proliferation of Th1 cells and the production of interferon-gamma.
GO:0035722
PID:200045
PMID:20885915
PMID:21553332
Reactome:R-HSA-9020591
Interleukin-23, an interleukin-12 family member, is a heterodimeric, inflammatory cytokine important in T helper cell effector cytokine secretion and proliferation; it also stimulates angiogenesis.
VPetri
2012-03-23T03:49:27Z
Il-23 signaling pathway
pathway
Interleukin-23 signaling
interleukin-23-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000915
interleukin-23 signaling pathway
Interleukin-23, an interleukin-12 family member, is a heterodimeric, inflammatory cytokine important in T helper cell effector cytokine secretion and proliferation; it also stimulates angiogenesis.
GO:0038155
PID:200154
Reactome:R-HSA-9020933
Interleukin-27, an interleukin-12 family member, it induces various T cell populations to differentiate and stimulates them to produce interleukin-10.
VPetri
2012-03-23T03:49:45Z
Il-27 signaling pathway
pathway
Interleukin-27 signaling
interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000916
interleukin-27 signaling pathway
Interleukin-27, an interleukin-12 family member, it induces various T cell populations to differentiate and stimulates them to produce interleukin-10.
GO:0070106
PID:200028
Reactome:R-HSA-9020956
Interleukin-35, an interleukin-12 family member, plays a role in suppressing the immune system; it obstructs development of certain T cell subsets by restricting early cell proliferation.
VPetri
2012-03-23T03:50:45Z
pathway
Interleukin-35 Signalling
interleukin-35-mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000917
interleukin-35 signaling pathway
Interleukin-35, an interleukin-12 family member, plays a role in suppressing the immune system; it obstructs development of certain T cell subsets by restricting early cell proliferation.
GO:0070757
Reactome:R-HSA-8984722
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of proton pump inhibitor (PPI), a class of compounds that block the acid secretion from parietal cells in the stomach. A representative PPI compound is omeprazole. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-03-28T02:13:39Z
pathway
PW:0000918
proton pump inhibitor drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of proton pump inhibitor (PPI), a class of compounds that block the acid secretion from parietal cells in the stomach. A representative PPI compound is omeprazole. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used as antineoplastic or as immunomodulatory agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-03-28T02:35:45Z
pathway
PW:0000919
antineoplastic and immunomodulatory drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used as antineoplastic or as immunomodulatory agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of various cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-03-28T02:45:12Z
PW:0002488
dermatological drug pathway
pathway
PW:0000920
cardiovascular system drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of various cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of alimentary tract and metabolism-related conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-03-28T02:49:20Z
pathway
PW:0000921
alimentary tract and metabolism drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of alimentary tract and metabolism-related conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with blood and blood forming organs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-03-28T02:55:34Z
pathway
PW:0000922
blood and blood forming organs drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with blood and blood forming organs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with the nervous system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-03-28T02:58:10Z
pathway
PW:0000923
nervous system drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with the nervous system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with the respiratory system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-04-05T03:45:08Z
pathway
PW:0000924
respiratory system drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with the respiratory system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) respond to a diverse array of exogenous molecules and also several endogenous ones. PRR's 'sensing' of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) or damage-associated (DAMP) prompts signaling cascades leading to the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.
VPetri
2012-04-24T11:34:22Z
pathway
PW:0000925
pattern recognition receptor mediated signaling pathway
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) respond to a diverse array of exogenous molecules and also several endogenous ones. PRR's 'sensing' of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) or damage-associated (DAMP) prompts signaling cascades leading to the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.
MCW_library:Cellular_and_molecular_immunology,_by_Abbas,_Abul_K
PMID:20303867
PMID:20303872
An early response of the innate immunity is the secretion of cytokines critical for the acute inflammatory response. The major pro-inflammatory cytokines are tumor necrosis factor alpha and the interleukins 1 and 6.
VPetri
2012-04-24T11:43:45Z
pathway
PW:0000926
pro-inflammatory cytokine mediated pathway
An early response of the innate immunity is the secretion of cytokines critical for the acute inflammatory response. The major pro-inflammatory cytokines are tumor necrosis factor alpha and the interleukins 1 and 6.
MCW_library:Cellular_and_molecular_immunology,_by_Abbas,_Abul_K
PMID:20303867
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The inhibitors are recombinant proteins that bind the soluble and membrane-associated TNF and inhibit the effects of this pro-inflammatory cytokine.
VPetri
2012-04-26T02:36:43Z
pathway
anti-TNF drug pathway
PW:0000927
anti-tumor necrosis factor drug pathway
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The inhibitors are recombinant proteins that bind the soluble and membrane-associated TNF and inhibit the effects of this pro-inflammatory cytokine.
PMID:21039421
Tocilizumab is a humanized anti-interleukin 6 (Il-6) receptor antibody used in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman's disease or juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Tocilizumab binds to the soluble and membrane associated interleukin-6 receptor and competitively blocks binding of interleukin-6 to its receptor(s) and inhibits the effects of this potent cytokine.
VPetri
2012-04-26T03:00:42Z
pathway
Actemra drug pathway
PW:0000928
tocilizumab drug pathway
Tocilizumab is a humanized anti-interleukin 6 (Il-6) receptor antibody used in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman's disease or juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Tocilizumab binds to the soluble and membrane associated interleukin-6 receptor and competitively blocks binding of interleukin-6 to its receptor(s) and inhibits the effects of this potent cytokine.
PMID:21419125
Anakinra is a recombinant, non-glycosylated version of the human interleukin-1 (Il-1) receptor antagonist used for the treatment of inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Like the natural antagonist, anakinra competitively inhibits binding of interleukin-1 to its receptor and the subsequent effects of this potent pro-inflammatory cytokine.
VPetri
2012-04-26T03:26:25Z
pathway
kineret drug pathway
PW:0000929
anakinra drug pathway
Anakinra is a recombinant, non-glycosylated version of the human interleukin-1 (Il-1) receptor antagonist used for the treatment of inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Like the natural antagonist, anakinra competitively inhibits binding of interleukin-1 to its receptor and the subsequent effects of this potent pro-inflammatory cytokine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anakinra
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methotrexate (MTX), a polyglutamatable antifolate used in the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases. The impact of MTX on cancer and rheumatoid arthritis is thought to arise through distinct mechanisms and pharmacodynamics pathways. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-04-27T01:27:25Z
MTX drug pathway
pathway
PW:0000930
methotrexate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methotrexate (MTX), a polyglutamatable antifolate used in the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases. The impact of MTX on cancer and rheumatoid arthritis is thought to arise through distinct mechanisms and pharmacodynamics pathways. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA2039
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of methotrexate (MTX), a folate analogue used in the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug and It is believed that variability in MTX pharmacokinetics is linked to genetic variations in transporter proteins.
VPetri
2012-04-27T01:46:47Z
pathway
MTX pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0000931
methotrexate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of methotrexate (MTX), a folate analogue used in the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug and It is believed that variability in MTX pharmacokinetics is linked to genetic variations in transporter proteins.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA165816349
The pathway of methotrexate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The impact of MTX on cancer and rheumatoid arthritis is thought to arise through distinct mechanisms and pharmacodynamics pathways. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-04-27T02:16:39Z
pathway
MTX pharmacodynamics pathway
SMP:00432
PW:0000932
methotrexate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of methotrexate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The impact of MTX on cancer and rheumatoid arthritis is thought to arise through distinct mechanisms and pharmacodynamics pathways. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA2039
Tumor necrosis factor member 14, also known as Light, binds the lymphotoxin beta receptor and the tumor necrosis receptor member 14 known as Hvem of the tumor necrosis receptor superfamily to elicit important responses for the dendritic (DC) and T cells of the immune system.
VPetri
2012-05-01T10:26:22Z
pathway
Tnfsf14 (Light) signaling pathway
Tnfsf14 signaling pathway
PW:0000933
tumor necrosis factor member 14 signaling pathway
Tumor necrosis factor member 14, also known as Light, binds the lymphotoxin beta receptor and the tumor necrosis receptor member 14 known as Hvem of the tumor necrosis receptor superfamily to elicit important responses for the dendritic (DC) and T cells of the immune system.
PMID:11239407
PMID:12787557
PMID:2169337
Tumor necrosis factor member 13 also known as April, binds the tumor necrosis factor receptor member 13B known as Taci and receptor member 17 known as Bcma of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily to elicit important responses for the B cells of the immune system.
VPetri
2012-05-01T11:00:20Z
pathway
Tnfsf13 (April) signaling pathway
Tnfsf13 signaling pathway
PW:0000934
tumor necrosis factor member 13 signaling pathway
Tumor necrosis factor member 13 also known as April, binds the tumor necrosis factor receptor member 13B known as Taci and receptor member 17 known as Bcma of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily to elicit important responses for the B cells of the immune system.
PMID:11239407
PMID:12787557
PMID:2169337
The tumor necrosis factor member 13b known as Baff binds to three receptors of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily - the receptor member 13B known as Taci and member 17 known as Bcma to which member 13 of the ligand superfamily also binds, and additionally to member 13C of the receptor superfamily to elicit important responses for the B cells of the immune system.
VPetri
2012-05-01T11:11:44Z
pathway
Tnfsf13b (Baff) signaling pathway
Tnfsf13b signaling pathway
PW:0000935
tumor necrosis factor member 13b signaling pathway
The tumor necrosis factor member 13b known as Baff binds to three receptors of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily - the receptor member 13B known as Taci and member 17 known as Bcma to which member 13 of the ligand superfamily also binds, and additionally to member 13C of the receptor superfamily to elicit important responses for the B cells of the immune system.
PMID:11239407
PMID:12787557
PMID:2169337
Chemokine ligand 1 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8 (Ccr8) and together with other CC chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T02:12:50Z
pathway
Ccl1 signaling pathway
PW:0000936
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 1 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8 (Ccr8) and together with other CC chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 2 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (Ccr2) and together with other CC chemokines it is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T02:20:28Z
pathway
Ccl2 signaling pathway
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway
PW:0000937
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 2 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (Ccr2) and together with other CC chemokines it is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
GO:0038148
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 3 signaling pathway engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 2 and 5 (Ccr2 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T02:30:19Z
pathway
Ccl3 signaling pathway
PW:0000938
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 3 signaling pathway engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 2 and 5 (Ccr2 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 4 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T02:34:32Z
pathway
Ccl4 signaling pathway
PW:0000939
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 4 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 5 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1, 3 and 5 (Ccr1, Ccr3 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines it is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T02:39:00Z
pathway
Ccl5 signaling pathway
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway
PW:0000940
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 5 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1, 3 and 5 (Ccr1, Ccr3 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines it is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup.
GO:0035689
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 6 signaling is known to act in rodents and does not appear to have a human equivalent. Ccl6, together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T02:43:25Z
pathway
Ccl6 signaling pathway
PW:0000941
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 6 signaling is known to act in rodents and does not appear to have a human equivalent. Ccl6, together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the pro-inflammatory subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 7 signaling engages chemokine (C-C) motif receptors 1, 2, and 3 (Ccr1, Ccr2, Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T02:51:25Z
pathway
Ccl7 signaling pathway
PW:0000942
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 7 signaling engages chemokine (C-C) motif receptors 1, 2, and 3 (Ccr1, Ccr2, Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 8 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 3 and 5 (Ccr3 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T02:54:39Z
pathway
Ccl8 signaling pathway
PW:0000943
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 8 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 3 and 5 (Ccr3 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 11 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T03:09:44Z
pathway
Ccl11 signaling pathway
eotaxin signaling pathway
PW:0000944
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 11 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 12 signaling is known to act in rodents and does not appear to have a human equivalent. Ccl12, together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T03:16:03Z
pathway
Ccl12 signaling pathway
PW:0000945
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 12 signaling is known to act in rodents and does not appear to have a human equivalent. Ccl12, together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 13 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 2 and 3 (Ccr2 and Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T03:17:54Z
pathway
Ccl13 signaling pathway
PW:0000946
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 13 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 13 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 2 and 3 (Ccr2 and Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the allergenic subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 17 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4 (Ccr4) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the developmental subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T03:23:46Z
pathway
Ccl17 signaling pathway
PW:0000947
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 17 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4 (Ccr4) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the developmental subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 22 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4 (Ccr4) and together with other chemokines is classified as member of the developmental subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T03:26:56Z
pathway
Ccl22 signaling pathway
PW:0000948
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 22 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4 (Ccr4) and together with other chemokines is classified as member of the developmental subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 25 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9 (Ccr9) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the developmental subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T03:31:08Z
pathway
Ccl25 signaling pathway
PW:0000949
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 25 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9 (Ccr9) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the developmental subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 24 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as member of the allergenic subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T03:37:14Z
pathway
Ccl24 signaling pathway
eotaxin-2 signaling pathway
PW:0000950
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 24 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as member of the allergenic subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 26 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as member of the allergenic subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-01T03:39:19Z
pathway
Ccl26 signaling pathway
eotaxin-3 signaling pathway
PW:0000951
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 26 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 26 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as member of the allergenic subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 14 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1 and 5 (Ccr1 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-02T03:16:19Z
pathway
Ccl14 signaling pathway
PW:0000952
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 14 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1 and 5 (Ccr1 and Ccr5) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 15 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1 and 3 (Ccr1 and Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-02T03:32:48Z
pathway
Ccl15 signaling pathway
PW:0000953
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 15 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1 and 3 (Ccr1 and Ccr3) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 16 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1 and 2 (Ccr1 and Ccr2) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-02T03:34:53Z
pathway
Ccl16 signaling pathway
PW:0000954
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 16 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptors 1 and 2 (Ccr1 and Ccr2) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 23 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (Ccr1) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup.
vpetri
2012-05-02T03:37:10Z
pathway
Ccl23 signaling pathway
PW:0000955
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 23 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 23 signaling engages the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (Ccr1) and together with other chemokines is classified as a member of the HCC (hemofiltrate CC chemokine) subgroup.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine ligand 27 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 10 (Ccr10) and does not appear to be a member of any of the chemokines subgroups.
VPetri
2012-05-15T01:08:34Z
Ccl27 signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000956
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 27 signaling pathway
Chemokine ligand 27 signaling engages chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 10 (Ccr10) and does not appear to be a member of any of the chemokines subgroups.
PMID:15062643
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1belongs to the growth-related oncogene (GRO) subgroup whose signaling engages receptor 2 and promotes chemotaxis of neutrophils.
VPetri
2012-05-15T01:23:49Z
Cxcl1 signaling pathway
pathway
Gro alpha signaling pathway
PW:0000957
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1belongs to the growth-related oncogene (GRO) subgroup whose signaling engages receptor 2 and promotes chemotaxis of neutrophils.
PMID:18579287
The signaling pathway mediated by the FoxA subgroup of forkhead family of transcription factors plays important roles in development and in modulating steroid hormone signaling. Three FoxA genes carry out overlapping yet distinct functions. FOXA1 appears to modulate steroid receptor activity in breast and prostate cancer.
VPetri
2012-05-17T11:10:35Z
pathway
FoxA signaling pathway
PID:200087
PID:200226
PW:0000958
forkhead class A signaling pathway
The signaling pathway mediated by the FoxA subgroup of forkhead family of transcription factors plays important roles in development and in modulating steroid hormone signaling. Three FoxA genes carry out overlapping yet distinct functions. FOXA1 appears to modulate steroid receptor activity in breast and prostate cancer.
PMID:19274050
PMID:20591647
PMID:21934649
VPetri
2012-05-17T01:09:58Z
pathway
PW:0000959
lipid signaling pathway
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid metabolite, can signal intracellularly as a second messenger or extracellularly as a ligand for five G-protein-coupled receptors. The S1P pathway plays important roles in processes such as cell migration, proliferation and survival. The five receptors engage similar G-proteins but their expression varies.
VPetri
2012-05-17T01:10:40Z
pathway
S1P signaling pathway
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway
PW:0000960
sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling pathway
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid metabolite, can signal intracellularly as a second messenger or extracellularly as a ligand for five G-protein-coupled receptors. The S1P pathway plays important roles in processes such as cell migration, proliferation and survival. The five receptors engage similar G-proteins but their expression varies.
GO:0003376
PID:200046
PID:200054
PID:200076
PID:200085
PID:200123
PID:200211
PMID:18552276
PMID:22159476
Ceramide signaling can act as a lipid second messenger or as a mediator of various cellular signaling pathways by promoting receptor clustering. The pathway plays important roles in apoptosis.
VPetri
2012-05-17T01:43:41Z
pathway
Ceramide signalling
PW:0000961
ceramide signaling pathway
Ceramide signaling can act as a lipid second messenger or as a mediator of various cellular signaling pathways by promoting receptor clustering. The pathway plays important roles in apoptosis.
KEGG:05212
PID:200119
PMID:20607622
Reactome:R-HSA-193681
The signaling pathway initiated by light-induced isomerization of 11-cis retinal and subsequent activation of its photoreceptors in rods and cones.
VPetri
2012-05-17T05:16:34Z
pathway
Visual phototransduction
phototransduction, visible light
PW:0000962
visual phototransduction pathway
The signaling pathway initiated by light-induced isomerization of 11-cis retinal and subsequent activation of its photoreceptors in rods and cones.
GO:0007603
KEGG:04744
PMID:18514002
PMID:22074921
Reactome:R-HSA-2187338
Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases.
VPetri
2012-05-18T10:40:25Z
pathway
PID:200116
PW:0000963
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class I signaling pathway
Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases.
PMID:16847462
PMID:17052169
PMID:17641274
VPetri
2012-05-18T10:41:53Z
pathway
PW:0000964
altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class I signaling pathway
Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases.
VPetri
2012-05-18T10:50:58Z
pathway
PW:0000965
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class II signaling pathway
Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases.
PMID:16847462
PMID:17052169
PMID:17641274
Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases.
VPetri
2012-05-18T10:53:38Z
pathway
PW:0000966
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class III signaling pathway
Phosphatidylinositol kinases represent a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3' position of the inositol ring in target substrates. They are grouped into three classes: class I further subdivided into subclass A and B, class II and class III. By far the best known and characterized is class I, particularly IA that signals downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and engages the Akt family of kinases.
PMID:16847462
PMID:17052169
PMID:17641274
The interleukin-3, interleukin 5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor family of hemopoietic cytokines mediate overlapping and distinct signals. Collectively they regulate the production and activation of hemopoietic cells.
VPetri
2012-05-22T11:30:25Z
Il-3/Il-5/GM-CSF family mediated signaling pathway
pathway
Interleukin-3, Interleukin-5 and GM-CSF signaling
hemopoietic cytokine family mediated signaling pathway
PW:0000967
interleukin-3/interleukin-5/GM-CSF mediated signaling pathway
The interleukin-3, interleukin 5 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor family of hemopoietic cytokines mediate overlapping and distinct signals. Collectively they regulate the production and activation of hemopoietic cells.
PMID:19436055
Reactome:R-HSA-512988
Interleukin-3 signaling plays important roles in the function of hematopoietic cells.
VPetri
2012-05-22T11:43:49Z
Il-3 signaling pathway
pathway
PID:200145
PW:0000968
interleukin-3 signaling pathway
Interleukin-3 signaling plays important roles in the function of hematopoietic cells.
PMID:11312115
Interleukin-5 signaling plays important roles in the function of hematopoietic cells.
VPetri
2012-05-22T11:44:14Z
Il-5 signaling pathway
pathway
PID:200107
PW:0000969
interleukin-5 signaling pathway
Interleukin-5 signaling plays important roles in the function of hematopoietic cells.
PMID:11312115
GM-CSF signaling, like the other hemopoietic cytokines, is involved in the production and activation of hemopoietic cells. The GM-CSF pathway acts on monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes and is also involved in the regulation of T and dendritic cell functions.
VPetri
2012-05-22T11:44:40Z
GM-CSF signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000970
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway
GM-CSF signaling, like the other hemopoietic cytokines, is involved in the production and activation of hemopoietic cells. The GM-CSF pathway acts on monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes and is also involved in the regulation of T and dendritic cell functions.
GO:0038157
PID:200019
PMID:19436055
The CXC chemokine ELR(+) subgroup mediated signaling primarily engages receptor 2 to promote angiogenic effects.
VPetri
2012-05-22T02:49:53Z
pathway
PW:0000971
CXC chemokine ELR(+) subgroup mediated signaling pathway
The CXC chemokine ELR(+) subgroup mediated signaling primarily engages receptor 2 to promote angiogenic effects.
PMID:18579287
CXC chemokine (ELR-) subgroup mediated signaling primarily engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects.
VPetri
2012-05-22T02:49:59Z
pathway
PW:0000972
CXC chemokine ELR(-) subgroup mediated signaling pathway
CXC chemokine (ELR-) subgroup mediated signaling primarily engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects.
PMID:18579287
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 2 belongs to the growth-related oncogene (GRO) subgroup whose signaling engages receptor 2 to promote chemotaxis of neutrophils.
VPetri
2012-05-22T03:26:21Z
Cxcl2 signaling pathway
pathway
Gro beta signaling pathway
PW:0000973
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 2 belongs to the growth-related oncogene (GRO) subgroup whose signaling engages receptor 2 to promote chemotaxis of neutrophils.
PMID:18579287
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 3 belongs to the growth-related oncogene (GRO) subgroup whose signaling engages receptor 2 to promote chemotaxis of neutrophils.
VPetri
2012-05-22T03:29:34Z
Cxcl3 signaling pathway
pathway
Gro gamma signaling pathway
PW:0000974
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 3 belongs to the growth-related oncogene (GRO) subgroup whose signaling engages receptor 2 to promote chemotaxis of neutrophils.
PMID:18579287
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 5 signaling engages receptor 2 to exert potent chemotactic functions in neutrophil activation.
VPetri
2012-05-22T03:37:57Z
Cxcl5 signaling pathway
pathway
Ena-78 signaling pathway
PW:0000975
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 5 signaling engages receptor 2 to exert potent chemotactic functions in neutrophil activation.
PMID:18579287
Chemokine (C-X-C0) ligand 6 engages receptors 1 and 2 to promote chemoattraction of neutrophils and angiogenic effects, respectively.
VPetri
2012-05-22T03:42:45Z
Cxcl6 signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000976
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C0) ligand 6 engages receptors 1 and 2 to promote chemoattraction of neutrophils and angiogenic effects, respectively.
PMID:18579287
VPetri
2012-05-22T03:48:29Z
pathway
PW:0000977
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 8, also known as interleukin-8 (Il-8), although a chemokine, engages receptor 1 and 2 to promote angiogenic effects.
VPetri
2012-05-22T03:49:12Z
Cxcl8 signaling pathway
pathway
Il-8 signaling pathway
PID:200136
PW:0000978
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 8, also known as interleukin-8 (Il-8), although a chemokine, engages receptor 1 and 2 to promote angiogenic effects.
PMID:18579287
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 4 signaling engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects.
VPetri
2012-05-22T03:55:01Z
Cxcl4 signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000979
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 4 signaling engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects.
PMID:18579287
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 9 engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects.
VPetri
2012-05-22T03:57:41Z
Cxcl9 signaling pathway
pathway
Mig signaling pathway
PW:0000980
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 9 engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects.
PMID:18579287
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 10 signaling engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects.
VPetri
2012-05-22T04:00:20Z
Cxcl10 signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000981
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 10 signaling engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects.
PMID:18579287
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 11 signaling engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects.
VPetri
2012-05-22T04:10:07Z
Cxcl11 signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000982
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 11 signaling engages receptor 3 to promote angiostatic effects.
PMID:18579287
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, a member of the intercrine chemokine family, has roles in many cell functions, including inflammation, immune surveillance, embryogenesis and tumor growth.
VPetri
2012-05-22T05:01:33Z
pathway
PW:0000983
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, a member of the intercrine chemokine family, has roles in many cell functions, including inflammation, immune surveillance, embryogenesis and tumor growth.
GO:0038146
VPetri
2012-05-22T05:02:28Z
pathway
PW:0000984
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 signaling pathway
VPetri
2012-05-22T05:03:13Z
pathway
PW:0000985
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 signaling pathway
VPetri
2012-05-22T05:04:00Z
pathway
PW:0000986
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 signaling pathway
Erythropoietin (EPO) signaling is crucial for the production of blood cell or erythropoiesis and also plays important roles in wound healing and responses to neural injury. EPO is a glycoprotein hormone and also a cytokine whose receptor belongs to type I cytokine receptor. The pathway engages the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade.
VPetri
2012-05-24T02:57:05Z
EPO signaling pathway
pathway
PID:200183
PW:0000987
erythropoietin signaling pathway
Erythropoietin (EPO) signaling is crucial for the production of blood cell or erythropoiesis and also plays important roles in wound healing and responses to neural injury. EPO is a glycoprotein hormone and also a cytokine whose receptor belongs to type I cytokine receptor. The pathway engages the Jak-Stat intracellular cascade.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
PMID:21307776
Classical cadherins, such as E- or N-cadherin are single-span transmembrane proteins with five extracellular cadherin repeats and a conserved cytoplasmic tail. Their interaction with many cytoskeletal and signaling molecules underlies the calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion and signaling. While E- and N-cadherin share some of the interacting partners, they have different localization and impact on distinct cellular events.
VPetri
2012-05-25T10:07:46Z
pathway
PW:0000988
classical cadherin signaling pathway
Classical cadherins, such as E- or N-cadherin are single-span transmembrane proteins with five extracellular cadherin repeats and a conserved cytoplasmic tail. Their interaction with many cytoskeletal and signaling molecules underlies the calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion and signaling. While E- and N-cadherin share some of the interacting partners, they have different localization and impact on distinct cellular events.
PMID:11171368
PMID:21444749
Desmosomal cadherins, which can be further subdivided into two subgroups, possess the five cadherin repeats but have distinct cytoplasmic tails.
VPetri
2012-05-25T10:37:23Z
pathway
PW:0000989
desmosomal cadherin signaling pathway
Desmosomal cadherins, which can be further subdivided into two subgroups, possess the five cadherin repeats but have distinct cytoplasmic tails.
PMID:11171368
Protocadherin represent a very large family which can be further subdivided into two groups. The protocadherin are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. They have up to seven cadherin repeats but distinct and even divergent cytoplasmic regions.
VPetri
2012-05-25T10:37:53Z
pathway
PW:0000990
protocadherin signaling pathway
Protocadherin represent a very large family which can be further subdivided into two groups. The protocadherin are predominantly expressed in the nervous system. They have up to seven cadherin repeats but distinct and even divergent cytoplasmic regions.
PMID:11171368
PMID:17936607
The atypical, or unconventional group includes the seven transmembrane (7TM), GPCR-like cadherins with up to nine cadherin repeats along with EGF-like and laminin motifs, the large FAT and the t-Cadherin proteins.
VPetri
2012-05-25T10:38:11Z
pathway
PW:0000991
atypical cadherin signaling pathway
The atypical, or unconventional group includes the seven transmembrane (7TM), GPCR-like cadherins with up to nine cadherin repeats along with EGF-like and laminin motifs, the large FAT and the t-Cadherin proteins.
PMID:11171368
E-cadherin or the epithelial cadherin encoded by the Cdh1 gene, is a member of the classical cadherin family and among the best studied cadherin pathway. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several forms of cancer.
VPetri
2012-05-25T10:51:52Z
pathway
Cdh1 signaling pathway
PID:200124
PID:200147
PID:200182
PW:0000992
E-cadherin signaling pathway
E-cadherin or the epithelial cadherin encoded by the Cdh1 gene, is a member of the classical cadherin family and among the best studied cadherin pathway. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several forms of cancer.
PMID:11171368
PMID:21444749
N-cadherin, or neuronal cadherin, is predominantly expressed in the brain. The pathway plays important roles in learning and memory.
VPetri
2012-05-25T10:52:18Z
pathway
Cdh2 signaling pathway
PID:200209
PW:0000993
N-cadherin signaling pathway
N-cadherin, or neuronal cadherin, is predominantly expressed in the brain. The pathway plays important roles in learning and memory.
PMID:11171368
PMID:21444749
VPetri
2012-05-25T11:18:01Z
pathway
PW:0000994
altered classical cadherin signaling pathway
VPetri
2012-05-25T11:18:51Z
pathway
PW:0000995
altered E-cadherin signaling pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used as anti-infective agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-05-25T11:37:29Z
pathway
PW:0000996
anti-infective drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used as anti-infective agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
VPetri
2012-05-25T11:48:24Z
pathway
PW:0000997
nucleoside and nucleotide mediated signaling pathway
Adenosine signaling is involved in the regulation of several physiological processes. It uses four receptors of the GPCR family that activate the Gaphas or Galphai types of G proteins to increase or decrease the levels of cAMP. The adenosine receptors are a class of purinergic or purinoreceptors.
VPetri
2012-05-25T11:53:37Z
pathway
SMP:00320
SMP:00321
PW:0000998
adenosine signaling pathway
Adenosine signaling is involved in the regulation of several physiological processes. It uses four receptors of the GPCR family that activate the Gaphas or Galphai types of G proteins to increase or decrease the levels of cAMP. The adenosine receptors are a class of purinergic or purinoreceptors.
PMID:21185259
PMID:21622100
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) extracellular signaling activates the P2X ligand-gated ion channels that are permeable to sodium, potassium and calcium ions. There are several P2X subtypes that are involved in a range of physiological processes. ATP along with other nucleotide also engages a class of metabotropic purinergic receptors known as P2Y that couple to either the Galphaq or to G alphai subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. ATP is the sole ligand of P2Y 11 receptor.
VPetri
2012-05-25T12:03:02Z
ATP signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0000999
adenosine triphosphate signaling pathway
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) extracellular signaling activates the P2X ligand-gated ion channels that are permeable to sodium, potassium and calcium ions. There are several P2X subtypes that are involved in a range of physiological processes. ATP along with other nucleotide also engages a class of metabotropic purinergic receptors known as P2Y that couple to either the Galphaq or to G alphai subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. ATP is the sole ligand of P2Y 11 receptor.
PMID:21586365
PMID:22535247
The P2Y receptors are a class of purinergic or purinoreceptors, Gprotein-coupled receptors that respond to ADP, ATP, UDP, UTP and UDP-glucose to activate either the Galphaq or the Galphai mediated signal transduction pathways.
VPetri
2012-05-25T12:11:33Z
pathway
PW:0001000
nucleotide signaling via the purinergic P2Y receptors.
The P2Y receptors are a class of purinergic or purinoreceptors, Gprotein-coupled receptors that respond to ADP, ATP, UDP, UTP and UDP-glucose to activate either the Galphaq or the Galphai mediated signal transduction pathways.
PMID:16968944
PMID:20594935
VPetri
2012-05-30T02:32:59Z
ATP signaling via the P2X ligand-gated ion channel
pathway
PW:0001001
adenosine triphosphate signaling via the P2X ligand-gated ion channel
Those pathways involved in the proper balance of copper levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage as needed by cells, tissues and organs. Copper is a cofactor in proteins mediating electron transfer reactions and is required by plants as a micronutrient.
VPetri
2012-05-31T04:20:42Z
pathway
cellular copper ion homeostasis
PW:0001002
copper homeostasis pathway
Those pathways involved in the proper balance of copper levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage as needed by cells, tissues and organs. Copper is a cofactor in proteins mediating electron transfer reactions and is required by plants as a micronutrient.
GO:0006878
Those metabolic reactions involving the fat-soluble vitamin A and its metabolites. Vitamin A, retinol and vitamin A activities of metabolites such as retinal and retinoic acids are essential for visual transduction as well as for neuro and immune system functions and epithelial differentiation. Plants and microorganisms can synthesize vitamin A de novo while higher organisms derive it from diet as precursors of carotenoids or retinyl esters.
VPetri
2012-06-04T10:52:32Z
pathway
Retinoid metabolism and transport
retinoid metabolic process
vitamin A metabolic pathway
PW:0001003
retinoid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving the fat-soluble vitamin A and its metabolites. Vitamin A, retinol and vitamin A activities of metabolites such as retinal and retinoic acids are essential for visual transduction as well as for neuro and immune system functions and epithelial differentiation. Plants and microorganisms can synthesize vitamin A de novo while higher organisms derive it from diet as precursors of carotenoids or retinyl esters.
GO:0001523
PMID:21554983
Reactome:R-HSA-975634
The reactions involved in deriving retinoic acid (RA) from retinal and its further processing to more polar derivatives. Retinoic acid engages several retinoic acid receptors; its actions are important for neurological and immune system functions and for energy balance. Deregulation of proper RA activity has been associated with obesity and cancer.
VPetri
2012-06-04T11:05:02Z
RA metabolic pathway
pathway
retinoic acid metabolic process
PW:0001004
retinoic acid metabolic pathway
The reactions involved in deriving retinoic acid (RA) from retinal and its further processing to more polar derivatives. Retinoic acid engages several retinoic acid receptors; its actions are important for neurological and immune system functions and for energy balance. Deregulation of proper RA activity has been associated with obesity and cancer.
GO:0042573
PMID:21621639
The series of reactions involved in the regeneration of the visual chromophore 11-cis retinal from the all-trans retinal released from the light -activated rhodopsin.
VPetri
2012-06-04T11:19:05Z
visual cycle metabolic pathway
pathway
PW:0001005
retinoid cycle metabolic pathway
The series of reactions involved in the regeneration of the visual chromophore 11-cis retinal from the all-trans retinal released from the light -activated rhodopsin.
PMID:21447403
Those pathways involved in the proper balance of vitamin levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage, as demanded by the needs of cells tissues and organs. Disruption of vitamin homeostasis can have harmful consequences. Collectively they represent a class of organic chemicals that the organism cannot synthesize or does not in adequate quantities.
VPetri
2012-06-04T01:28:58Z
pathway
PW:0001006
vitamin homeostasis
Those pathways involved in the proper balance of vitamin levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage, as demanded by the needs of cells tissues and organs. Disruption of vitamin homeostasis can have harmful consequences. Collectively they represent a class of organic chemicals that the organism cannot synthesize or does not in adequate quantities.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin
The pathways involved in the balanced maintenance of vitamin A and vitamin A metabolites uptake and transport, utilization and storage, as demanded by the needs of cells, tissues and organs. 11-cis retinal is the visual chromophore while retinoic acid signaling through its nuclear receptors transcription factors exerts the rest and manifold functions of vitamin A.
VPetri
2012-06-04T01:30:04Z
pathway
PW:0001007
vitamin A homeostasis
The pathways involved in the balanced maintenance of vitamin A and vitamin A metabolites uptake and transport, utilization and storage, as demanded by the needs of cells, tissues and organs. 11-cis retinal is the visual chromophore while retinoic acid signaling through its nuclear receptors transcription factors exerts the rest and manifold functions of vitamin A.
PMID:21554983
PMID:21586336
PMID:21621639
The series of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into molecular signals.
VPetri
2012-06-05T10:44:24Z
pathway
The phototransduction cascade
phototransduction
PW:0001008
photosignal transduction pathway
The series of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into molecular signals.
GO:0007602
Reactome:R-HSA-2514856
Those metabolic reactions involving ascorbic acid, known as vitamin C, a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin C is an essential antioxidant that is derived from glucose. Unlike many animals, humans do not have the ability to produce it.
VPetri
2012-06-05T11:40:08Z
pathway
L-ascorbic acid metabolic process
Vitamin C (ascorbate) metabolism
vitamin C metabolic pathway
PW:0001009
ascorbic acid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving ascorbic acid, known as vitamin C, a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin C is an essential antioxidant that is derived from glucose. Unlike many animals, humans do not have the ability to produce it.
GO:0019852
Reactome:R-HSA-196836
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C
Those metabolic reactions involving niacin, also known as nicotinate, vitamin B3 or vitamin PP - a water-soluble vitamin. Niacin represents an essential nutrient and is also a precursor of NAD through a salvage pathway. Niacin is among the few vitamins humans can synthesize.
VPetri
2012-06-05T11:44:25Z
pathway
Nicotinate metabolism
nicotinate metabolic process
vitamin B3 metabolic pathway
PW:0001010
niacin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving niacin, also known as nicotinate, vitamin B3 or vitamin PP - a water-soluble vitamin. Niacin represents an essential nutrient and is also a precursor of NAD through a salvage pathway. Niacin is among the few vitamins humans can synthesize.
GO:1901847
KEGG:00760
Reactome:R-HSA-196807
SMP:00048
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niacin
Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin D - a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin D represents a group of fat-soluble compounds that can be synthesized from cholesterol and exposure to sunlight. In view of the latter source, it is not considered a true vitamin. One of its metabolites, calcitriol, acts in a hormone-like manner as a signaling molecule.
VPetri
2012-06-05T12:01:10Z
pathway
Vitamin D (calciferol) metabolism
vitamin D metabolic process
PW:0001011
vitamin D metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin D - a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin D represents a group of fat-soluble compounds that can be synthesized from cholesterol and exposure to sunlight. In view of the latter source, it is not considered a true vitamin. One of its metabolites, calcitriol, acts in a hormone-like manner as a signaling molecule.
GO:0042359
Reactome:R-HSA-196791
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D
Vitamin and metabolites of vitamin in addition to representing important nutrients and aid in cellular metabolism can also, in a hormone-like manner, acts as signaling molecules.
VPetri
2012-06-05T12:07:26Z
pathway
PW:0001012
vitamin and vitamin metabolites signaling pathway
Vitamin and metabolites of vitamin in addition to representing important nutrients and aid in cellular metabolism can also, in a hormone-like manner, acts as signaling molecules.
PMID:22020178
PMID:22318625
PMID:22614789
The active vitamin D metabolite plays important roles in cell growth and differentiation and in immunity. Its receptor is a transcription factor nuclear receptor.
VPetri
2012-06-05T12:13:52Z
pathway
PW:0001013
vitamin D signaling pathway
The active vitamin D metabolite plays important roles in cell growth and differentiation and in immunity. Its receptor is a transcription factor nuclear receptor.
PMID:22213316
Retinoic acid, a vitamin A-derived metabolite, plays important roles in development and cell differentiation. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) binds to nuclear RA (RARs) and X (RXRs) receptor subtypes that once activated act as transcription factors.
VPetri
2012-06-05T12:22:48Z
RA signaling pathway
pathway
Signaling by Retinoic Acid
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
PW:0001014
retinoic acid signaling pathway
Retinoic acid, a vitamin A-derived metabolite, plays important roles in development and cell differentiation. All-trans retinoic acid (RA) binds to nuclear RA (RARs) and X (RXRs) receptor subtypes that once activated act as transcription factors.
GO:0048384
PMID:22020178
PMID:22318625
Reactome:R-HSA-5362517
Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin E - a fat-soluble vitamin which represents a class of chemical compounds known as tocopherols. The alpha- and gamma-tocopherols appear to be the main dietary forms. Vitamin E is best known for its antioxidant properties.
VPetri
2012-06-11T01:34:39Z
pathway
tocopherol metabolic pathway
vitamin E metabolic process
PW:0001015
vitamin E metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin E - a fat-soluble vitamin which represents a class of chemical compounds known as tocopherols. The alpha- and gamma-tocopherols appear to be the main dietary forms. Vitamin E is best known for its antioxidant properties.
GO:0042360
PMID:15256801
Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin K - a fat-soluble vitamin which represents a group of related compounds. The K1 form is found in plants; other forms are synthesized by bacteria, including species present in the microflora of the human gut. Vitamin K is an essential cofactor in the modification reaction of vitamin K-dependent proteins.
VPetri
2012-06-11T01:46:25Z
pathway
Metabolism of vitamin K
vitamin K metabolic process
PW:0001016
vitamin K metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving vitamin K - a fat-soluble vitamin which represents a group of related compounds. The K1 form is found in plants; other forms are synthesized by bacteria, including species present in the microflora of the human gut. Vitamin K is an essential cofactor in the modification reaction of vitamin K-dependent proteins.
GO:0042373
PMID:24489112
Reactome:R-HSA-6806664
SMP:00464
Renal cell cancer, although representing a small percentage of human neoplasms, has one of the highest rates of mortality amongst genitourinary cancers. Several mutated genes and associated altered pathways have been implicated in the condition but many more remain to be elucidated.
VPetri
2012-07-03T01:03:23Z
RCC pathway
adenocarcinoma of kidney pathway
hypernephroma pathway
renal cell cancer pathway
pathway
KEGG:05211
PW:0001017
renal cell carcinoma pathway
Renal cell cancer, although representing a small percentage of human neoplasms, has one of the highest rates of mortality amongst genitourinary cancers. Several mutated genes and associated altered pathways have been implicated in the condition but many more remain to be elucidated.
PMID:22112490
Altered immune system responses can be grouped into four categories: malignancy, immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity.
VPetri
2012-07-03T01:17:41Z
pathway
Diseases of Immune System
PW:0001018
immune system disease pathway
Altered immune system responses can be grouped into four categories: malignancy, immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity.
Reactome:R-HSA-5260271
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition characterized by persistent inflammation. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are over-activated.
VPetri
2012-07-03T01:18:10Z
atrophic arthritis pathway
rheumatic arthritis pathway
rheumatic polyarthritis pathway
rheumatoid arthritis disease pathway
pathway
KEGG:05323
PW:0001019
rheumatoid arthritis pathway
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition characterized by persistent inflammation. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are over-activated.
PMID:22357455
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer that is mostly sporadic. Hedgehog signaling pathway via sonic hedgehog appears to be constitutively active. Mutations in Tp53 are also frequent.
VPetri
2012-07-10T12:40:11Z
pathway
KEGG:05217
PW:0001020
basal cell carcinoma pathway
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer that is mostly sporadic. Hedgehog signaling pathway via sonic hedgehog appears to be constitutively active. Mutations in Tp53 are also frequent.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Melanoma is a form of skin cancer which, despite being less common than other forms of skin malignancies, can be dangerous if not detected earlier, and accounts for the highest percentage of skin cancer related deaths. Oncogenic Nras and other mutations in downstream pathways appear to be associated with it.
VPetri
2012-07-10T12:47:47Z
malignant melanoma pathway
nevocarcinoma pathway
pathway
KEGG:05218
PW:0001021
melanoma pathway
Melanoma is a form of skin cancer which, despite being less common than other forms of skin malignancies, can be dangerous if not detected earlier, and accounts for the highest percentage of skin cancer related deaths. Oncogenic Nras and other mutations in downstream pathways appear to be associated with it.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Asthma, a complex condition with many phenotypic manifestations, is primarily characterized by inflammation of the airways. Environmental and genetic factors contribute to it through complex and incompletely understood interactions.
VPetri
2012-07-10T01:39:57Z
asthma disease pathway
pathway
KEGG:05310
PW:0001022
asthma pathway
Asthma, a complex condition with many phenotypic manifestations, is primarily characterized by inflammation of the airways. Environmental and genetic factors contribute to it through complex and incompletely understood interactions.
http://www.onelook.com
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition that can affect many parts of the body and which, although treatable, does not have a cure. Activation of complement and deregulations of immune regulatory and signaling pathways contribute in ways that are incompletely understood.
VPetri
2012-07-10T01:48:28Z
SLE pathway
pathway
KEGG:05322
PW:0001023
systemic lupus erythematosus pathway
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition that can affect many parts of the body and which, although treatable, does not have a cure. Activation of complement and deregulations of immune regulatory and signaling pathways contribute in ways that are incompletely understood.
http://www.onelook.com
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) groups several conditions that are generally relatively mild but that can progress to serious symptoms.
VPetri
2012-07-10T01:56:40Z
AITD pathway
autoimmune thyroid disease pathway
pathway
KEGG:05320
PW:0001024
autoimmune thyroiditis pathway
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) groups several conditions that are generally relatively mild but that can progress to serious symptoms.
http://www.localhealth.com
Allograft or transplant rejection results from the recipient's autoimmune response to non-self antigens.
VPetri
2012-07-11T10:38:17Z
chronic allograft dysfunction pathway
pathway
KEGG:05330
PW:0001025
allograft rejection pathway
Allograft or transplant rejection results from the recipient's autoimmune response to non-self antigens.
OneLook:www.onelook.com
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication following transplantation of cells, tissues or organs from a genetically non-identical donor in which the donor T cells attack the host cells. Several pro-inflammatory pathways are activated as a result of damage in the host tissue induced by the procedure. GVHD is commonly associated with stem cell or bone marrow transplant.
VPetri
2012-07-11T10:43:26Z
GVHD pathway
pathway
KEGG:05332
PW:0001026
graft-versus-host disease pathway
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication following transplantation of cells, tissues or organs from a genetically non-identical donor in which the donor T cells attack the host cells. Several pro-inflammatory pathways are activated as a result of damage in the host tissue induced by the procedure. GVHD is commonly associated with stem cell or bone marrow transplant.
http://www.onelook.com
Primary immunodeficiency groups disorders that result from the immune system malfunctioning that affect both cell-mediated and humoral immunity pathways.
VPetri
2012-07-11T10:56:46Z
primary immunodeficiency disease pathway
pathway
KEGG:05340
PW:0001027
primary immunodeficiency pathway
Primary immunodeficiency groups disorders that result from the immune system malfunctioning that affect both cell-mediated and humoral immunity pathways.
http://www.onelook.com
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens that have gained access to the host organism and have managed to avoid the host defense mechanisms while taking over some of the host pathways.
VPetri
2012-07-11T11:07:42Z
pathway
Infectious disease
communicable disease pathway
transmissible disease pathway
PW:0001028
infectious disease pathway
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens that have gained access to the host organism and have managed to avoid the host defense mechanisms while taking over some of the host pathways.
Reactome:R-HSA-5663205
http://www.onelook.com
VPetri
2012-07-11T11:08:32Z
substance dependence disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001029
substance dependence pathway
Prolonged use of cocaine results in cardiovascular and brain damage. Cocaine is thought to bind to the dopamine reuptake transporter thus blocking the reuptake of dopamine into nerve terminals. The resulting higher concentration of dopamine in synapses leads to overactivation of dopamine receptors such as D1 and of signaling pathways downstream of it overall believed to be critical in mediating the behavioral responses to cocaine.
VPetri
2012-07-11T11:18:43Z
pathway
KEGG:05030
PW:0001030
cocaine addiction pathway
Prolonged use of cocaine results in cardiovascular and brain damage. Cocaine is thought to bind to the dopamine reuptake transporter thus blocking the reuptake of dopamine into nerve terminals. The resulting higher concentration of dopamine in synapses leads to overactivation of dopamine receptors such as D1 and of signaling pathways downstream of it overall believed to be critical in mediating the behavioral responses to cocaine.
KEGG:map05030
http://www.onelook.com
Amphetamine is believed to promote an elevation in extracellular dopamine. Higher and high levels of the drug lead to overactivation of transcription factors and cofactors.
VPetri
2012-07-11T11:31:37Z
pathway
KEGG:05031
PW:0001031
amphetamine addiction pathway
Amphetamine is believed to promote an elevation in extracellular dopamine. Higher and high levels of the drug lead to overactivation of transcription factors and cofactors.
KEGG:map:05031
http://www.onelook.com
Morphine, an effective pain killer drug, can also be extremely addictive. Activation of dopamine neurons and reduction of inhibitory synaptic transmission might be associated with the effects or morphine. Changes in neuronal responses and communication may underlie the addictive behavior.
VPetri
2012-07-11T11:41:36Z
pathway
KEGG:05032
PW:0001032
morphine addiction pathway
Morphine, an effective pain killer drug, can also be extremely addictive. Activation of dopamine neurons and reduction of inhibitory synaptic transmission might be associated with the effects or morphine. Changes in neuronal responses and communication may underlie the addictive behavior.
KEGG:map05032
http://www.onelook.com
Nicotine, like the other addictive substances, impacts on the dopaminergic and mesolimbic reward circuitries. Nicotine is also a ligand for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which are ligand-gated ion channels.
VPetri
2012-07-11T11:46:55Z
pathway
KEGG:05033
PW:0001033
nicotine addiction pathway
Nicotine, like the other addictive substances, impacts on the dopaminergic and mesolimbic reward circuitries. Nicotine is also a ligand for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which are ligand-gated ion channels.
KEGG:map05033
http://www.onelook.com
The mechanisms of alcohol dependence, or alcoholism, are not well understood. Like in the case of other substances of abuse, alcohol may lead to stimulation of dopamine release and overactivation of dopamine-related circuitries.
VPetri
2012-07-11T11:57:05Z
alcohol dependence pathway
pathway
KEGG:05034
PW:0001034
alcoholism pathway
The mechanisms of alcohol dependence, or alcoholism, are not well understood. Like in the case of other substances of abuse, alcohol may lead to stimulation of dopamine release and overactivation of dopamine-related circuitries.
KEGG:map05034
http://www.onelook.com
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) represents an inherited heart muscle condition leading to arrhythmia and heart failure that could results in death. Mutations in several genes and disruption of associated pathways have been implicated in the condition.
VPetri
2012-07-11T12:12:10Z
ARVC pathway
pathway
KEGG:05412
PW:0001035
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy pathway
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) represents an inherited heart muscle condition leading to arrhythmia and heart failure that could results in death. Mutations in several genes and disruption of associated pathways have been implicated in the condition.
KEGG:map05412
http://www.onelook.com
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition in which the heart is weakened and enlarged resulting in inefficient blood pumping. Although mostly occurring in adults, it can also affect children.
VPetri
2012-07-11T12:20:46Z
DCM pathway
pathway
KEGG:05414
PW:0001036
dilated cardiomyopathy pathway
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition in which the heart is weakened and enlarged resulting in inefficient blood pumping. Although mostly occurring in adults, it can also affect children.
KEGG:map05414
http://www.onelook.com
Myocarditis is a condition associated with inflammation of the heart muscle that can have both infectious and non-infectious etiologies, with the former being the primary cause. Viral proteins, once inside the host cells, interfere with the function of host gene and they can either avoid or appropriate host pathways.
VPetri
2012-07-11T12:29:11Z
myocardial inflammation pathway
pathway
KEGG:05416
PW:0001037
myocarditis pathway
Myocarditis is a condition associated with inflammation of the heart muscle that can have both infectious and non-infectious etiologies, with the former being the primary cause. Viral proteins, once inside the host cells, interfere with the function of host gene and they can either avoid or appropriate host pathways.
KEGG:map05416
http://www.onelook.com
Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) represents any of a number of hereditary, monogenic forms of diabetes caused by mutations in several genes.
VPetri
2012-07-11T12:37:25Z
MODY pathway
Mason-type diabetes pathway
maturity onset diabetes of the young pathway
pathway
KEGG:04950
PW:0001038
maturity-onset diabetes of the young pathway
Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) represents any of a number of hereditary, monogenic forms of diabetes caused by mutations in several genes.
KEGG:map04950
http://www.onelook.com
Vibrio cholerae disease is an infection of the small intestine resulting in dehydration and electrolyte imbalance which in some cases can cause death. Cholera toxin, is one the main virulence factors of the Gram-negative Vibrio cholerae bacterium which, together with other virulence factors can invade the host.
VPetri
2012-07-11T12:46:22Z
pathway
KEGG:05110
PW:0001039
Vibrio cholerae infection pathway
Vibrio cholerae disease is an infection of the small intestine resulting in dehydration and electrolyte imbalance which in some cases can cause death. Cholera toxin, is one the main virulence factors of the Gram-negative Vibrio cholerae bacterium which, together with other virulence factors can invade the host.
KEGG:map05110
http://www.onelook.com
Salmonella, a Gram-negative bacterium of which many species exist, in humans can cause gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever. Salmonella enters the host via the digestive tract; bacteria that escape the host defense machinery can survive and replicate in Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) whose maturation they control.
VPetri
2012-07-11T12:59:20Z
pathway
KEGG:05132
PW:0001040
Salmonella infection pathway
Salmonella, a Gram-negative bacterium of which many species exist, in humans can cause gastroenteritis or the more severe typhoid fever. Salmonella enters the host via the digestive tract; bacteria that escape the host defense machinery can survive and replicate in Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) whose maturation they control.
KEGG:map05132
http://www.onelook.com
The pathogenic Escherichia coli strains EPEC and EHEC (enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, respectively) can cause severe food poisoning in humans. The non-pathogenic strains are part of the gut normal flora with beneficial contributions for the host.
VPetri
2012-07-11T01:23:38Z
pathogenic E. coli infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05130
PW:0001041
pathogenic Escherichia coli infection pathway
The pathogenic Escherichia coli strains EPEC and EHEC (enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, respectively) can cause severe food poisoning in humans. The non-pathogenic strains are part of the gut normal flora with beneficial contributions for the host.
KEGG:map05130
http://www.onelook.com
Shigella, a Gram-negative bacterium that is related to Salmonella and to Escherichia coli, is a disease causing agent in humans and primates. Shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery or Marlow syndrome is due to colonization of the intestinal epithelium and the subsequent evasion of the host defense machinery and use of host intracellular pathways by the bacteria.
VPetri
2012-07-11T01:44:11Z
pathway
KEGG:05131
Marlow syndrome pathway
Shigellosis pathway
bacillary dysentery pathway
PW:0001042
Shigella infection pathway
Shigella, a Gram-negative bacterium that is related to Salmonella and to Escherichia coli, is a disease causing agent in humans and primates. Shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery or Marlow syndrome is due to colonization of the intestinal epithelium and the subsequent evasion of the host defense machinery and use of host intracellular pathways by the bacteria.
KEGG:map05131
http://www.onelook.com
The Gram-negative Bordetella pertusis is the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. One of its main virulence factors, pertussis toxin blocks the interaction of Galphai subunit of heterotrimeric G protein with its partner receptors. This results in unrestrained adenylyl cyclase activity and subsequent increased concentration of cAMP which affects normal intracellular signaling.
VPetri
2012-07-11T03:37:54Z
pathway
KEGG:05133
pertussis pathway
PW:0001043
Bordetella pertussis infection pathway
The Gram-negative Bordetella pertusis is the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. One of its main virulence factors, pertussis toxin blocks the interaction of Galphai subunit of heterotrimeric G protein with its partner receptors. This results in unrestrained adenylyl cyclase activity and subsequent increased concentration of cAMP which affects normal intracellular signaling.
KEGG:map05133
http://www.onelook.com
Legionella, a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that includes species such as legionella pneumophila, causes several respiratory infections of which Legionnaires' disease is potentially fatal. L. pneumophila can grow within lung macrophages and is known to subvert several host pathways.
VPetri
2012-07-11T04:04:16Z
pathway
KEGG:05134
PW:0001044
Legionella infection pathway
Legionella, a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium that includes species such as legionella pneumophila, causes several respiratory infections of which Legionnaires' disease is potentially fatal. L. pneumophila can grow within lung macrophages and is known to subvert several host pathways.
KEGG:map05134
http://www.onelook.com
Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacteria of which there are many species, usually colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms and are mostly harmless. However, they can also cause a range of infections of which some can be extremely severe.
VPetri
2012-07-11T04:18:10Z
pathway
KEGG:05150
PW:0001045
Staphylococcus aureus infection pathway
Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacteria of which there are many species, usually colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms and are mostly harmless. However, they can also cause a range of infections of which some can be extremely severe.
KEGG:map05150
http://www.onelook.com
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of most forms of tuberculosis. Once in the lung, the bacteria interfere with a number of intracellular pathways and processes.
VPetri
2012-07-11T04:31:42Z
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05152
PW:0001046
tuberculosis pathway
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of most forms of tuberculosis. Once in the lung, the bacteria interfere with a number of intracellular pathways and processes.
KEGG:map05152
http://www.onelook.com
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite and a number of its species can infect mammals, including humans. While cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, others such as visceral or mucosal have also been reported. The infection results in alterations in a number of host signaling pathways.
VPetri
2012-07-13T11:53:50Z
Leishmania infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05140
PW:0001047
Leishmaniasis pathway
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite and a number of its species can infect mammals, including humans. While cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, others such as visceral or mucosal have also been reported. The infection results in alterations in a number of host signaling pathways.
KEGG:map5140
http://www.onelook.com
Trypanosoma is a protozoan parasite of which T brucei and cruzi are responsible for causing the sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, respectively. Several host signaling and regulatory pathways are altered in the infection.
VPetri
2012-07-13T12:03:02Z
Trypanosoma infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05142
PW:0001048
trypanosomiasis pathway
Trypanosoma is a protozoan parasite of which T brucei and cruzi are responsible for causing the sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, respectively. Several host signaling and regulatory pathways are altered in the infection.
KEGG:map5142
http://www.onelook.com
Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of sleeping sickness, also known as the African trypanosomiasis, as its vector is the tsetse fly common to sub-Saharan Africa. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines are overactivated. The neurological damage the infection causes is irreversible and the disease is fatal.
VPetri
2012-07-13T12:14:00Z
African sleeping sickness pathway
African trypanosomiasis pathway
Trypanosoma brucei infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05143
PW:0001049
sleeping sickness pathway
Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of sleeping sickness, also known as the African trypanosomiasis, as its vector is the tsetse fly common to sub-Saharan Africa. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines are overactivated. The neurological damage the infection causes is irreversible and the disease is fatal.
KEGG:map5143
http://www.onelook.com
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of the Chagas disease, also known as the American trypanosomiasis, as it occurs primarily in poor areas of the Americas, mostly Central and South America. Infection interferes with a number of intracellular pathways and it appears to activate calcium signaling.
VPetri
2012-07-13T12:26:45Z
American trypanosomiasis pathway
Chagas' disease pathway
Chagas-Mazza disease pathway
South American trypanosomiasis pathway
Trypanosoma cruzi infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05142
PW:0001050
Chagas disease pathway
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of the Chagas disease, also known as the American trypanosomiasis, as it occurs primarily in poor areas of the Americas, mostly Central and South America. Infection interferes with a number of intracellular pathways and it appears to activate calcium signaling.
KEGG:map05142
http://www.onelook.com
Several species of the protozoan parasite Plasmodium can infect humans and cause malaria. Severe malaria, which is primarily caused by Plasmodium falciparum, can lead to death and the fatalities are mostly children. Deregulated induction of cytokines appears to play a role in the infection.
VPetri
2012-07-13T12:36:12Z
Plasmodium infection pathway
malaria infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05144
PW:0001051
malaria pathway
Several species of the protozoan parasite Plasmodium can infect humans and cause malaria. Severe malaria, which is primarily caused by Plasmodium falciparum, can lead to death and the fatalities are mostly children. Deregulated induction of cytokines appears to play a role in the infection.
KEGG:map05144
Toxoplasma gondii, whose hosts include various warm-blooded species including humans, is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. The infection interferes with a number of host pathways; in its most severe manifestations it can be fatal.
VPetri
2012-07-13T01:00:51Z
Toxoplasma gondii infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05145
PW:0001052
toxoplasmosis pathway
Toxoplasma gondii, whose hosts include various warm-blooded species including humans, is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. The infection interferes with a number of host pathways; in its most severe manifestations it can be fatal.
KEGG:map05145
http://www.onelook.com
Entamoeba histolyca is a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of amoebiasis which affects the intestinal tissue leading to severe dysentery and ulcerations. It can also infect other tissues such as the liver and to a lesser extent the brain, lungs and spleen.
VPetri
2012-07-13T01:13:24Z
Entamoeba histolyca infection pathway
amoebiasis infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05146
PW:0001053
Entamoebiasis pathway
Entamoeba histolyca is a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of amoebiasis which affects the intestinal tissue leading to severe dysentery and ulcerations. It can also infect other tissues such as the liver and to a lesser extent the brain, lungs and spleen.
KEGG:map5146
http://www.onelook.com
The influenza A virus is the causative agent of seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics of influenza which affects the respiratory system.
VPetri
2012-07-13T01:21:37Z
influenza A virus infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05164
PW:0001054
influenza A pathway
The influenza A virus is the causative agent of seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics of influenza which affects the respiratory system.
KEGG:map05164
The hepatitis C virus is the causative agent of hepatitis C, a chronic liver disease in humans. The virus interferes with several signaling and regulatory pathways in the host cells.
VPetri
2012-07-13T01:22:51Z
NANBH pathway
Viral hepatitis C pathway
chronic hepatitis C pathway
hepatitis C infection pathway
hepatitis C virus infection pathway
hepatitis nonA nonB pathway
pathway
KEGG:05160
PW:0001055
hepatitis C pathway
The hepatitis C virus is the causative agent of hepatitis C, a chronic liver disease in humans. The virus interferes with several signaling and regulatory pathways in the host cells.
KEGG:map05160
http://www.onelook.com
VPetri
2012-07-16T01:24:16Z
pathway
KEGG:05168
PW:0001056
Herpes simplex virus infection pathway
VPetri
2012-07-16T01:26:38Z
pathway
KEGG:05169
PW:0001057
Epstein-Barr virus infection pathway
The measles virus (MV) of the genus Morbillivirus is the causative agent of the condition that bears its name. The condition causes immunosuppression and several MV proteins are thought to interfere with the normal host immune responses.
VPetri
2012-07-16T01:37:38Z
Rubeola pathway
measles infection pathway
morbilli pathway
pathway
KEGG:05162
PW:0001058
measles pathway
The measles virus (MV) of the genus Morbillivirus is the causative agent of the condition that bears its name. The condition causes immunosuppression and several MV proteins are thought to interfere with the normal host immune responses.
KEGG:map05162
http://www.onelook.com
Oxidative phosphorylation is the coupling of the electron transport chain and the ATP biosynthetic pathways. The electron transfer chain generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the phosphorylation of ADP. Under certain circumstances the two may be uncoupled.
VPetri
2012-07-18T09:38:02Z
pathway
oxidative phosphorylation
PW:0001059
oxidative phosphorylation pathway
Oxidative phosphorylation is the coupling of the electron transport chain and the ATP biosynthetic pathways. The electron transfer chain generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the phosphorylation of ADP. Under certain circumstances the two may be uncoupled.
GO:0006119
KEGG:00190
KEGG:map00190
PMID:19760284
PMID:21625217
Primary bile acids, cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, are derived from cholesterol in the liver. Upon conjugation with glycine or taurine they can be secreted into the intestine.
VPetri
2012-07-18T10:47:50Z
pathway
KEGG:00120
PW:0001060
primary bile acid biosynthetic pathway
Primary bile acids, cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, are derived from cholesterol in the liver. Upon conjugation with glycine or taurine they can be secreted into the intestine.
KEGG:map00120
http://www.onelook.com
Secondary bile acids, deoxycholic and lithocholic acids, are synthesized from the primary ones by intestinal bacteria. like the primary bile acids, they need to be conjugated to glycine or taurine prior to secretion.
VPetri
2012-07-18T10:54:59Z
pathway
PW:0001061
secondary bile acid biosynthetic pathway
Secondary bile acids, deoxycholic and lithocholic acids, are synthesized from the primary ones by intestinal bacteria. like the primary bile acids, they need to be conjugated to glycine or taurine prior to secretion.
KEGG:map00121
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lacto-series type of glycosphingolipids.
VPetri
2012-07-19T01:18:59Z
pathway
KEGG:00601
PW:0001062
lacto-series glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lacto-series type of glycosphingolipids.
PMID:17976918
The metabolic reactions involving lipoic acid, a compound derived from octanoic acid that contains two sulfur centers. Lipoic acid is a co-factor for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex responsible for the irreversible decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
VPetri
2012-07-19T01:37:53Z
pathway
lipoate metabolic process
PW:0001063
lipoic acid metabolic pathway
The metabolic reactions involving lipoic acid, a compound derived from octanoic acid that contains two sulfur centers. Lipoic acid is a co-factor for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex responsible for the irreversible decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
GO:0009106
KEGG:00785
PMID:17052205
Those metabolic reactions involving phosphonate and phosphinate, organic compounds that contain carbon-phosphorus bonds and which can be synthesized by bacteria and protists.
VPetri
2012-07-23T03:43:37Z
pathway
PW:0001064
phosphonate and phosphinate metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving phosphonate and phosphinate, organic compounds that contain carbon-phosphorus bonds and which can be synthesized by bacteria and protists.
KEGG:mapp00440
Interstrand cross links (ICL) of DNA can be induced by both endogenous and exogenous ligands. ICL if not repaired will lead to cell death. The ICL repair pathway, also known as the Fanconi anemia pathway, is the cellular response to this type of DNA damage.
VPetri
2012-07-24T09:31:12Z
Fanconi anemia pathway
ICL repair pathway
pathway
interstrand cross-link repair
PW:0001065
interstrand cross link repair pathway
Interstrand cross links (ICL) of DNA can be induced by both endogenous and exogenous ligands. ICL if not repaired will lead to cell death. The ICL repair pathway, also known as the Fanconi anemia pathway, is the cellular response to this type of DNA damage.
GO:0036297
KEGG:03460
PMID:19061902
PMID:20713514
PMID:21605559
Reactome:R-HSA-6783310
The pathway of ribosome biogenesis starts with the transcription of rRNA precursors, and involves the co-transciptional events of pre-rRNA processing and the assembly of pre-ribosomal particles. The maturation of pre-40S and pre-60S particles follows independent routes. Once in the cytoplasm, additional steps yield the mature, translation-competent ribosome. Alterations in the pathway result in specific phenotypes collectively known as ribosomopathies.
VPetri
2012-07-25T03:15:38Z
pathway
ribosome biogenesis
PW:0001066
ribosome biogenesis pathway
The pathway of ribosome biogenesis starts with the transcription of rRNA precursors, and involves the co-transciptional events of pre-rRNA processing and the assembly of pre-ribosomal particles. The maturation of pre-40S and pre-60S particles follows independent routes. Once in the cytoplasm, additional steps yield the mature, translation-competent ribosome. Alterations in the pathway result in specific phenotypes collectively known as ribosomopathies.
GO:0042254
KEGG:03008
PMID:20194897
PMID:20875629
Alterations in the pathway result in specific phenotypes collectively known as ribosomopathies.
VPetri
2012-07-25T04:19:34Z
pathway
PW:0001067
altered ribosome biogenesis pathway
Alterations in the pathway result in specific phenotypes collectively known as ribosomopathies.
PMID:20194897
VPetri
2012-07-25T04:21:04Z
pathway
PW:0001068
altered translation pathway
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway induces the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones from the pituitary.
VPetri
2012-07-30T11:02:37Z
GnRH signaling pathway
pathway
KEGG:04912
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone signaling pathway
PW:0001069
gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway induces the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones from the pituitary.
PMID:22024993
Lutenizing hormone signaling is important for the normal development and function of the ovaries and testes. It acts synergistically with the follicle-stimulating hormone.
VPetri
2012-07-30T11:12:02Z
pathway
PW:0001070
luteinizing hormone signaling pathway
Lutenizing hormone signaling is important for the normal development and function of the ovaries and testes. It acts synergistically with the follicle-stimulating hormone.
GO:0042700
SMP:00338
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone signaling is important for the normal development and function of the ovaries and testes. It acts synergistically with the lutenizing hormone.
VPetri
2012-07-30T11:13:34Z
FSH signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0001071
follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway
Follicle-stimulating hormone signaling is important for the normal development and function of the ovaries and testes. It acts synergistically with the lutenizing hormone.
GO:0042699
PMID:21372710
SMP:00333
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone
The cycle of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and neurotransmitter release and the subsequent endocytosis and recycling of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals.
VPetri
2012-07-30T03:31:02Z
pathway
KEGG:04721
PW:0001072
synaptic vesicle cycle pathway
true
The cycle of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and neurotransmitter release and the subsequent endocytosis and recycling of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals.
PMID:15217342
The spliceosome is a multimegadalton ribonucleoprotein complex that removes the exons to produce the mature mRNA, including several mature mRNAs from a single RNA transcript via alternative splicing. A complex assembly/disassembly pathway mediates the two chemical steps of a splicing event. lncRNAs are also frequently spliced.
VPetri
2012-07-31T09:43:57Z
pathway
KEGG:03040
PW:0001073
spliceosome pathway
The spliceosome is a multimegadalton ribonucleoprotein complex that removes the exons to produce the mature mRNA, including several mature mRNAs from a single RNA transcript via alternative splicing. A complex assembly/disassembly pathway mediates the two chemical steps of a splicing event. lncRNAs are also frequently spliced.
PMID:21441581
PMID:22010274
PMID:22480731
PMID:22975042
Those metabolic reactions involving hydrophobic, uncharged amino acids. Hydrophobic amino acids include alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and methionine with hydrocarbon side chains and the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan with bulky, aromatic side chains.
VPetri
2012-07-31T10:30:19Z
pathway
PW:0001074
hydrophobic amino acid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving hydrophobic, uncharged amino acids. Hydrophobic amino acids include alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and methionine with hydrocarbon side chains and the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan with bulky, aromatic side chains.
MCW_library:Handbooks_of_biochemistry
Those metabolic reactions involving hydrophilic, polar amino acids. The hydrophilic amino acids include the negatively charged (acidic) aspartic acid and glutamic acid whose salts are glutamate and aspartate, respectively, the positively charged (basic) lysine and arginine and the uncharged polar asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, serine and threonine. Histidine, whose side chain contains an imidazole can shift from positively charged to neutral.
VPetri
2012-07-31T10:39:29Z
pathway
PW:0001075
hydrophilic amino acid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving hydrophilic, polar amino acids. The hydrophilic amino acids include the negatively charged (acidic) aspartic acid and glutamic acid whose salts are glutamate and aspartate, respectively, the positively charged (basic) lysine and arginine and the uncharged polar asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, serine and threonine. Histidine, whose side chain contains an imidazole can shift from positively charged to neutral.
MCW_library:Handbooks_of_biochemistry
Those metabolic reactions involving special amino acids. The special amino acids include cysteine whose side chain contains a sulfhydryl group, glycine whose side chain is a hydrogen atom and proline whose side chain bends to form a ring and hose rigidity limits the folding abilities of proteins around proline residues.
VPetri
2012-07-31T10:47:08Z
pathway
PW:0001076
special amino acid metabolic pathway
true
Those metabolic reactions involving special amino acids. The special amino acids include cysteine whose side chain contains a sulfhydryl group, glycine whose side chain is a hydrogen atom and proline whose side chain bends to form a ring and hose rigidity limits the folding abilities of proteins around proline residues.
MCW_library:Handbooks_of_biochemistry
Those metabolic reactions involving amino acids as listed in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).
VPetri
2012-07-31T10:56:10Z
pathway
PW:0001077
amino acid metabolic pathway (KEGG)
Those metabolic reactions involving amino acids as listed in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).
http://www.genome.jp/kegg/
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:04:19Z
pathway
KEGG:00270
PW:0001078
cysteine and methionine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of proline, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases. Its side chain bends to form a ring and its rigidity limits the folding abilities of proteins around proline residues.
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:05:36Z
pathway
proline metabolic process
PW:0001079
proline metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of proline, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases. Its side chain bends to form a ring and its rigidity limits the folding abilities of proteins around proline residues.
GO:0006560
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of valine, an essential amino acid. Valine, along with leucine and isoleucine is a branched-chain amino acid.
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:06:01Z
pathway
valine metabolic process
PW:0001080
valine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of valine, an essential amino acid. Valine, along with leucine and isoleucine is a branched-chain amino acid.
GO:0006573
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lysine, an essential amino acid.
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:07:54Z
pathway
lysine metabolic process
PW:0001081
lysine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lysine, an essential amino acid.
GO:0006553
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of arginine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases.
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:08:11Z
pathway
arginine metabolic process
PW:0001082
arginine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of arginine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases.
GO:0006525
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of asparagine, a non-essential amino acid.
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:08:57Z
pathway
asparagine metabolic process
PW:0001083
asparagine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of asparagine, a non-essential amino acid.
GO:0006528
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of serine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases.
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:10:13Z
pathway
PW:0001084
serine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of serine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases.
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of threonine, an essential amino acid.
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:11:19Z
pathway
threonine metabolic process
PW:0001085
threonine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of threonine, an essential amino acid.
GO:0006566
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glutamine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases.
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:12:05Z
pathway
glutamine metabolic process
PW:0001086
glutamine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glutamine, a non-essential amino acid that could be essential in certain cases.
GO:0006541
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of isoleucine, an essential, branched-chain amino acid.
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:18:29Z
pathway
isoleucine metabolic process
PW:0001087
isoleucine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of isoleucine, an essential, branched-chain amino acid.
GO:0006549
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of leucine, an essential, branched-chain amino acid.
VPetri
2012-07-31T11:18:56Z
pathway
leucine metabolic process
PW:0001088
leucine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of leucine, an essential, branched-chain amino acid.
GO:0006551
http://www.onelook.com
Serotonin signaling via receptor family 1 and 5 primarily engages G alphai protein family resulting in inhibition of adenylate cyclases and reduction of intracellular cAMP. There are five receptors subtypes in family 1 and one in the human family 5.
VPetri
2012-08-01T03:14:20Z
pathway
PW:0001089
serotonin signaling pathway via receptors engaging G alphai protein family
Serotonin signaling via receptor family 1 and 5 primarily engages G alphai protein family resulting in inhibition of adenylate cyclases and reduction of intracellular cAMP. There are five receptors subtypes in family 1 and one in the human family 5.
PMID:20945968
Serotonin signaling via receptor family 2 engages G alphaq protein family resulting in activation of phospholipase C, mobilization of calcium ions and production of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). There are three receptors subtypes in family 2.
VPetri
2012-08-01T03:20:07Z
pathway
PW:0001090
serotonin signaling pathway via receptors engaging G alphaq protein family
Serotonin signaling via receptor family 2 engages G alphaq protein family resulting in activation of phospholipase C, mobilization of calcium ions and production of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). There are three receptors subtypes in family 2.
PMID:20945968
Serotonin signaling via receptor family 4, 6, and 7 engages G alphas protein family resulting in activation of adenylyl cyclases and increased concentration of cAMP. There are seven receptor subtypes in family 4 and only one in families 6 and 7.
VPetri
2012-08-01T03:28:58Z
pathway
SMP:00309
SMP:00311
SMP:00312
PW:0001091
serotonin signaling pathway via receptors engaging G alphas protein family
Serotonin signaling via receptor family 4, 6, and 7 engages G alphas protein family resulting in activation of adenylyl cyclases and increased concentration of cAMP. There are seven receptor subtypes in family 4 and only one in families 6 and 7.
PMID:20945968
Serotonin family 3 receptor is a ligand-gated Na+/K+ channel with two receptor subtypes and their heterodimerization is believed to be necessary for their function. Serotonin signaling results in depolarization of plasma membrane.
VPetri
2012-08-01T03:33:01Z
pathway
PW:0001092
serotonin signaling via receptor family 3
Serotonin family 3 receptor is a ligand-gated Na+/K+ channel with two receptor subtypes and their heterodimerization is believed to be necessary for their function. Serotonin signaling results in depolarization of plasma membrane.
PMID:20945968
Bile acid binds to and activates several nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X and liver X receptors as well as a cell surface G-protein- coupled receptor.
VPetri
2012-08-03T10:23:51Z
pathway
PW:0001093
bile acid signaling pathway
Bile acid binds to and activates several nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X and liver X receptors as well as a cell surface G-protein- coupled receptor.
GO:0038183
PMID:22414897
PMID:22521118
Disregulated estrogen signaling is associated with the growth and development of breast cancers; estrogen mediated transcription is constitutively active in more than 50% of cases.
VPetri
2012-08-03T10:51:00Z
pathway
PW:0001094
altered estrogen signaling pathway
Disregulated estrogen signaling is associated with the growth and development of breast cancers; estrogen mediated transcription is constitutively active in more than 50% of cases.
PMID:9608332
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of zidovudine, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. It belongs to the family of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-08-03T11:18:59Z
pathway
ZDV drug pathway
PW:0001095
zidovudine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of zidovudine, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. It belongs to the family of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of zidovudine, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2012-08-03T11:23:05Z
pathway
PW:0001096
zidovudine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of zidovudine, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org
The pathway of zidovudine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Zidovudine is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Zidovudine, in its active triphosphate form, inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-08-03T11:25:55Z
pathway
PW:0001097
zidovudine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of zidovudine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Zidovudine is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Zidovudine, in its active triphosphate form, inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PharmGKB:www.pharmgkb.org
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tramadol, an analgesic used for the treatment of moderate to moderately severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-08-03T11:37:59Z
pathway
PW:0001098
tramadol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tramadol, an analgesic used for the treatment of moderate to moderately severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.onelook.com
http://www.pharmgkb.org
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tramadol, an analgesic used in the treatment of pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2012-08-03T11:41:01Z
pathway
SMP:00637
PW:0001099
tramadol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tramadol, an analgesic used in the treatment of pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://www.onelook.com
The pathway of tramadol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tramadol is an analgesic used for the treatment of pain. The drug and its o-desmethyl metabolite are weak, but selective opiate receptor 3 (OP3) agonists. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-08-03T11:41:20Z
pathway
SMP:00671
PW:0001100
tramadol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of tramadol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tramadol is an analgesic used for the treatment of pain. The drug and its o-desmethyl metabolite are weak, but selective opiate receptor 3 (OP3) agonists. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org
A number of human viruses have been shown to be associated/contribute to approximately 10 to 15% of cancers. The viral particles encode oncogenes whose escape from the host defense system impacts on many cellular pathways and promotes tumor development.
VPetri
2012-09-06T16:03:33Z
pathway
KEGG:05203
PW:0001101
viral carcinogenesis pathway
A number of human viruses have been shown to be associated/contribute to approximately 10 to 15% of cancers. The viral particles encode oncogenes whose escape from the host defense system impacts on many cellular pathways and promotes tumor development.
PMID:20971551
PMID:21102637
PMID:21445966
http://www.onelook.com
A hypoxia inducible pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau (Vhl), the E3 ubiquitin ligase which targets Hif alpha for degradation under normoxic conditions, lead to a constitutively active pathway regardless the levels of oxygen. Mutations in Vhl and a number of other genes have been implicated in renal cancers.
VPetri
2012-10-04T11:04:37Z
pathway
PW:0001102
altered hypoxia inducible factor pathway
A hypoxia inducible pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau (Vhl), the E3 ubiquitin ligase which targets Hif alpha for degradation under normoxic conditions, lead to a constitutively active pathway regardless the levels of oxygen. Mutations in Vhl and a number of other genes have been implicated in renal cancers.
PMID:22406000
The pathways that respond to and control the levels of protons, bicarbonate and carbon dioxide and of ammonia the cells. Several sensing pathways, i.e., prompting intracellular signaling cascade, and transport have been identified as critical players. The kidneys play a major role along with the respiratory system.
VPetri
2012-10-04T12:58:08Z
pathway
PW:0001103
acid-base homeostasis pathway
The pathways that respond to and control the levels of protons, bicarbonate and carbon dioxide and of ammonia the cells. Several sensing pathways, i.e., prompting intracellular signaling cascade, and transport have been identified as critical players. The kidneys play a major role along with the respiratory system.
PMID:22362904
The pathway that respond to increases or decreases in protons, or pH levels and whose signaling aim at restoring systemic acid-base balance. Several G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) and ion channel mediated signaling have been reported in the literature.
VPetri
2012-10-04T13:14:56Z
pathway
proton-activated signaling pathway
PW:0001104
pH sensing signaling pathway
The pathway that respond to increases or decreases in protons, or pH levels and whose signaling aim at restoring systemic acid-base balance. Several G-protein coupled receptor (GPCRs) and ion channel mediated signaling have been reported in the literature.
PMID:20683624
The signaling pathway elicited by changes in pH and bicarbonate levels.
VPetri
2012-10-04T13:39:02Z
pathway
PW:0001105
acid and base sensing signaling pathway
The signaling pathway elicited by changes in pH and bicarbonate levels.
PMID:20683624
The signaling pathway elicited by increased levels of bicarbonate. Bicarbonate results from the instantaneous dissociation of carbonic acid, the end product of carbonic anhydrase hydration of exogenous or metabolically produced carbon dioxide.
VPetri
2012-10-04T13:43:43Z
pathway
PW:0001106
bicarbonate sensing signaling pathway
The signaling pathway elicited by increased levels of bicarbonate. Bicarbonate results from the instantaneous dissociation of carbonic acid, the end product of carbonic anhydrase hydration of exogenous or metabolically produced carbon dioxide.
PMID:20683624
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor used in the treatment of cancer, in particular for advanced renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-04T15:24:58Z
pathway
PW:0001107
sorafenib drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor used in the treatment of cancer, in particular for advanced renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:21419641
PMID:22263843
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sorafenib. The drug was the first oral multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-04T15:30:52Z
pathway
SMP:00648
PW:0001108
sorafenib pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sorafenib. The drug was the first oral multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:21419641
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA165959537
The pathway of sorafenib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sorafenib is the first multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-04T15:31:17Z
pathway
PW:0001109
sorafenib pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of sorafenib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sorafenib is the first multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:21419641
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA165959584
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sunitinib, a multikinase inhibitor used in the treatment of cancer, in particular for advanced renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-04T15:54:48Z
pathway
PW:0001110
sunitinib drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sunitinib, a multikinase inhibitor used in the treatment of cancer, in particular for advanced renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22328304
VPetri
2012-10-04T15:57:07Z
pathway
PW:0001111
tocilizumab pharmacokinetics pathway
VPetri
2012-10-04T15:57:36Z
pathway
PW:0001112
tocilizumab pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sunitinib. The drug is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-04T15:58:20Z
pathway
PW:0001113
sunitinib pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sunitinib. The drug is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:22328304
The pathway of sunitinib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sunitinib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-04T15:58:42Z
pathway
PW:0001114
sunitinib pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of sunitinib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sunitinib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:2232830
A signaling cascade triggered by light in the visible and red spectrum whose sensor appears to be cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the electron transfer chain, and which relies on a retrograde mitochondrion-to-nucleus pathway that translates in the upregulation of various genes. Unlike the visual phototransduction, this pathway does not require vitamin A metabolites.
VPetri
2012-10-11T09:27:12Z
pathway
PW:0001115
non-visual phototransduction pathway
A signaling cascade triggered by light in the visible and red spectrum whose sensor appears to be cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the electron transfer chain, and which relies on a retrograde mitochondrion-to-nucleus pathway that translates in the upregulation of various genes. Unlike the visual phototransduction, this pathway does not require vitamin A metabolites.
PMID:20681024
VPetri
2012-10-11T10:05:25Z
pathway
PW:0001116
vitamin A and metabolites signaling pathway
A signaling pathway mediated by a signaling complex for which retinol or vitamin A appears to be an essential docking molecule and redox sensor. The pathway may play an important role in regulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by mechanisms that are still to be elucidated.
VPetri
2012-10-11T10:06:06Z
pathway
PW:0001117
retinol mediated signaling pathway
A signaling pathway mediated by a signaling complex for which retinol or vitamin A appears to be an essential docking molecule and redox sensor. The pathway may play an important role in regulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by mechanisms that are still to be elucidated.
PMID:21763457
VPetri
2012-10-12T16:31:32Z
pathway
PW:0001118
altered energy metabolic pathway
Defects in components of the citrate cycle have been shown to relate to several types of cancer. For instance, mutations in fumarate hydratase are associated with renal cancer, in succinate dehydrogenase in renal as well as paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase have also been implicated in several types of cancer. Defects in this central metabolic network result in unwanted activation of hypoxia inducible factor whose target genes are involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, glycolysis, among others.
VPetri
2012-10-12T16:32:05Z
pathway
PW:0001119
altered citric acid cycle pathway
Defects in components of the citrate cycle have been shown to relate to several types of cancer. For instance, mutations in fumarate hydratase are associated with renal cancer, in succinate dehydrogenase in renal as well as paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase have also been implicated in several types of cancer. Defects in this central metabolic network result in unwanted activation of hypoxia inducible factor whose target genes are involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, glycolysis, among others.
PMID:21764377
PMID:23001348
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits VEGF activity. It is used for the treatment of several types of advanced cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-15T08:49:28Z
pathway
PW:0001120
bevacizumab drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits VEGF activity. It is used for the treatment of several types of advanced cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22594892
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor used in the treatment of several types of tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-15T08:56:41Z
pathway
PW:0001121
bevacizumab pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bevacizumab, a VEGF inhibitor used in the treatment of several types of tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:22594892
The pathway of bevacizumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of VEGF and is used in the treatment of several types of cancers such as for instance renal cell carcinoma. VEGF is a target of hypoxia inducible factor pathway, which is constitutively active in the condition. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-15T08:57:45Z
pathway
SMP:00420
PW:0001122
bevacizumab pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of bevacizumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of VEGF and is used in the treatment of several types of cancers such as for instance renal cell carcinoma. VEGF is a target of hypoxia inducible factor pathway, which is constitutively active in the condition. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22594892
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of axitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma as well as other tumors. Angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial or platelet derived growth factors are direct and indirect targets of hypoxia inducible factor pathway, constitutively active in renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T11:46:54Z
pathway
PW:0001123
axitinib drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of axitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma as well as other tumors. Angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial or platelet derived growth factors are direct and indirect targets of hypoxia inducible factor pathway, constitutively active in renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22170007
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of axitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. Axitinib is a selective second generation inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T11:49:57Z
pathway
PW:0001124
axitinib pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of axitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. Axitinib is a selective second generation inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:22170007
The pathway of axitinib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Axitinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma as well as other tumors. Axitinib is a selective second generation inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T11:50:16Z
pathway
PW:0001125
axitinib pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of axitinib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Axitinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma as well as other tumors. Axitinib is a selective second generation inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22170007
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of everolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of several types of tumors, including renal cell carcinoma. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway is constitutively active in the disease; mTOR regulates the translation of HIF-alpha gene. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T13:54:12Z
pathway
PW:0001126
everolimus drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of everolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of several types of tumors, including renal cell carcinoma. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway is constitutively active in the disease; mTOR regulates the translation of HIF-alpha gene. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:20456985
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of everolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T15:41:34Z
pathway
PW:0001127
everolimus pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of everolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:20456985
PMID:22624503
The pathway of everolimus-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of mTOR pathway and is used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other types of tumors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T15:45:06Z
pathway
PW:0001128
everolimus pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of everolimus-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of mTOR pathway and is used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other types of tumors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:20456985
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other types of tumors. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway is constitutively active in renal cell carcinoma; HIF-alpha translation is under the control of mTOR pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T16:04:14Z
pathway
PW:0001129
temsirolimus drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other types of tumors. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway is constitutively active in renal cell carcinoma; HIF-alpha translation is under the control of mTOR pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:20456985
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T16:12:25Z
pathway
PW:0001130
temsirolimus pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mTOR pathway used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other tumors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:20456985
The pathway of temsirolimus-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of mTOR pathway and is used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other types of tumors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T16:12:49Z
pathway
PW:0001131
temsirolimus pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of temsirolimus-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of mTOR pathway and is used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and other types of tumors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:20456985
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pazopanib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma as well as other tumors. Angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial or platelet derived growth factors are direct and indirect targets of hypoxia inducible factor pathway, constitutively active in renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T16:13:35Z
pathway
PW:0001132
pazopanib drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pazopanib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma as well as other tumors. Angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial or platelet derived growth factors are direct and indirect targets of hypoxia inducible factor pathway, constitutively active in renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:20456985
he pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pazopanib. The drug is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T16:13:55Z
pathway
PW:0001133
pazopanib pharmacokinetics pathway
he pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pazopanib. The drug is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:20456985
The pathway of pazopanib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pazopanib is a selective multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment or renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2012-10-19T16:14:15Z
pathway
PW:0001134
pazopanib pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of pazopanib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pazopanib is a selective multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment or renal cell carcinoma. The drug binds to the intracytoplasmic domain of tyrosine kinase receptors blocking the downstream signaling cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:20456985
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling is important for calcium and phosphate homeostasis in bone and kidney. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood, has both anabolic and catabolic effects in the bone and regulates calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the kidney. It also plays important roles in vitamin D metabolism.
VPetri
2012-11-01T09:32:46Z
pathway
PTH signaling pathway
PW:0001135
parathyroid hormone signaling pathway
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling is important for calcium and phosphate homeostasis in bone and kidney. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood, has both anabolic and catabolic effects in the bone and regulates calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the kidney. It also plays important roles in vitamin D metabolism.
PMID:19857544
PMID:21777186
PMID:23060860
The C16 palmitate product of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway can be esterifed to triacylglycerol or converted to longer chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules by elongases and desaturases, depending on the needs of the cell. The elongation pathway takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum or in the mitochondrion. Longer chain fatty acids are present in certain specialized tissues; for instance, myelin contains large amounts of C22 and C24 molecules.
VPetri
2012-11-02T15:26:41Z
pathway
fatty acid elongation
PW:0001136
fatty acid elongation pathway
The C16 palmitate product of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway can be esterifed to triacylglycerol or converted to longer chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules by elongases and desaturases, depending on the needs of the cell. The elongation pathway takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum or in the mitochondrion. Longer chain fatty acids are present in certain specialized tissues; for instance, myelin contains large amounts of C22 and C24 molecules.
GO:0030497
KEGG:00062
PMID:22984005
SMP:00054
The C16 palmitate product of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway can be esterifed to triacylglycerol or converted to longer chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules by elongases and desaturases, depending on the needs of the cell. Unsaturated fatty acids are essential membrane components.
VPetri
2012-11-02T15:40:42Z
pathway
unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process
PW:0001137
unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathway
The C16 palmitate product of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway can be esterifed to triacylglycerol or converted to longer chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acid molecules by elongases and desaturases, depending on the needs of the cell. Unsaturated fatty acids are essential membrane components.
GO:0006636
KEGG:map01040
Those metabolic reactions involving ether lipids, lipid molecules in which one or several of the carbons on glycerol has an ether linkage to an alkyl chain. Ether lipids are constituents of cell membrane; some metabolites could act as signaling second messengers or carry out antioxidant functions.
VPetri
2012-11-02T16:17:56Z
PW:0001157
pathway
ether lipid metabolic process
PW:0001138
ether lipid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving ether lipids, lipid molecules in which one or several of the carbons on glycerol has an ether linkage to an alkyl chain. Ether lipids are constituents of cell membrane; some metabolites could act as signaling second messengers or carry out antioxidant functions.
GO:0046485
KEGG:00565
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether_lipid
Calcium is pumped into organelles or out of the cell by pumps and exchangers to maintain the low calcium concentration necessary for cell viability. Many type of channels, some calcium-selective, others of lower selectivity or calcium-permeant, allow for the flow of calcium from external sources or internal stores into the cell to initiate many signaling events. The movement of calcium ions, which controls and maintains the calcium gradient, and calcium signaling, which the gradient promotes, are inextricably connected in the fabric of calcium homeostasis.
VPetri
2012-11-05T09:59:28Z
pathway
calcium ion transport
PW:0001139
calcium transport pathway
Calcium is pumped into organelles or out of the cell by pumps and exchangers to maintain the low calcium concentration necessary for cell viability. Many type of channels, some calcium-selective, others of lower selectivity or calcium-permeant, allow for the flow of calcium from external sources or internal stores into the cell to initiate many signaling events. The movement of calcium ions, which controls and maintains the calcium gradient, and calcium signaling, which the gradient promotes, are inextricably connected in the fabric of calcium homeostasis.
GO:0006816
PMID:12838335
PMID:18083096
Calcium signaling impacts on a large and diverse spectrum of cellular processes such as gene expression and cell death, proliferation, muscle contraction and energy metabolism, learning, memory and synaptic plasticity. Calcium acts in signal transduction as a first as well as a second messenger. Calcium transport, which controls and maintains the calcium gradient, and calcium signaling, which the gradient promotes, are inextricably connected in the fabric of calcium homeostasis.
VPetri
2012-11-05T10:53:28Z
pathway
KEGG:04020
PW:0001140
calcium/calcium-mediated signaling pathway
Calcium signaling impacts on a large and diverse spectrum of cellular processes such as gene expression and cell death, proliferation, muscle contraction and energy metabolism, learning, memory and synaptic plasticity. Calcium acts in signal transduction as a first as well as a second messenger. Calcium transport, which controls and maintains the calcium gradient, and calcium signaling, which the gradient promotes, are inextricably connected in the fabric of calcium homeostasis.
PMID:12838335
PMID:17574670
PMID:18083096
PMID:19243429
Calcium signaling through the calcium-sensing receptor inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone in the parathyroid glands and controls calcium absorption and water balance in the kidneys. Calcium is considered the main physiological agonist but other cations and various agonists can activate the receptor. The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is believed to engage several types of Galpha proteins and to have many other interacting partners. The pathway leads to activation of MAPK cascades, particularly the one mediated by Erk1/2. Casr signaling is cell specific; many of its molecular details are not fully understood. Many mutations, both inactivating and activating the receptor, have been identified.
VPetri
2012-11-07T13:22:52Z
pathway
PW:0001141
calcium signaling pathway via the calcium-sensing receptor
Calcium signaling through the calcium-sensing receptor inhibits the secretion of parathyroid hormone in the parathyroid glands and controls calcium absorption and water balance in the kidneys. Calcium is considered the main physiological agonist but other cations and various agonists can activate the receptor. The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) is believed to engage several types of Galpha proteins and to have many other interacting partners. The pathway leads to activation of MAPK cascades, particularly the one mediated by Erk1/2. Casr signaling is cell specific; many of its molecular details are not fully understood. Many mutations, both inactivating and activating the receptor, have been identified.
PMID:20729338
The clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway involves clathrin-coated vesicles used for the engulfment of material.
VPetri
2012-11-08T15:18:18Z
pathway
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
clathrin-dependent endocytosis
PW:0001142
clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway
The clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway involves clathrin-coated vesicles used for the engulfment of material.
GO:0072583
PMID:16985500
Reactome:R-HSA-8856828
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocytosis
Caveolar endocytosis is a ligand-triggered uptake mechanism functioning in parallel with the clathrin-mediated pathway.
VPetri
2012-11-08T15:40:59Z
pathway
caveolin-mediated endocytosis
PW:0001143
caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway
Caveolar endocytosis is a ligand-triggered uptake mechanism functioning in parallel with the clathrin-mediated pathway.
GO:0072584
The incorporation of macromolecules or other chemical substances into cells by membrane invagination and the pinching off of relatively small vesicles.
VPetri
2012-11-08T15:41:28Z
pathway
micropinocytosis
PW:0001144
micropinocytosis pathway
The incorporation of macromolecules or other chemical substances into cells by membrane invagination and the pinching off of relatively small vesicles.
GO:0044350
The phagocytosis pathway is used for the removal of unwanted material such as dying cells and also of foreign material. As such it is also part of the immune response. Various receptors on the surface of a phagocytic cell will recognize/bind material and induce signaling cascades.
VPetri
2012-11-08T15:41:47Z
pathway
phagocytosis
PW:0001145
phagocytosis pathway
The phagocytosis pathway is used for the removal of unwanted material such as dying cells and also of foreign material. As such it is also part of the immune response. Various receptors on the surface of a phagocytic cell will recognize/bind material and induce signaling cascades.
GO:0006909
KEGG:04145
PMID:16985500
PMID:9039775
The signaling cascade initiated by an activated Fc gamma receptor. Fc receptors are classified by the type of antibody they recognize; thus, Fc gamma receptors bind IgG, the most common type of antibody. Fc gamma receptors belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily.
VPetri
2012-11-08T16:04:35Z
pathway
KEGG:04666
PW:0001146
Fc gamma receptor mediated signaling pathway
The signaling cascade initiated by an activated Fc gamma receptor. Fc receptors are classified by the type of antibody they recognize; thus, Fc gamma receptors bind IgG, the most common type of antibody. Fc gamma receptors belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily.
PMID:15466916
VPetri
2012-11-08T16:29:11Z
eicosanoid signaling pathway via PPARG
pathway
KEGG:03320
PW:0001147
eicosanoid signaling pathway via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the causative agent of hepatitis B, an inflammatory condition of the liver affecting people in parts of Asia and Africa. The virus interferes with a number of regulatory and signaling pathways in the host.
VPetri
2012-11-09T08:47:08Z
pathway
KEGG:05161
PW:0001148
hepatitis B virus infection pathway
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the causative agent of hepatitis B, an inflammatory condition of the liver affecting people in parts of Asia and Africa. The virus interferes with a number of regulatory and signaling pathways in the host.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus causing a type of cancer known as adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma and a demyelinating condition referred to as HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). A viral regulatory protein known as Tax, which is a transcriptional co-factor, interferes with a number of signaling pathways in the host.
VPetri
2012-11-09T09:00:17Z
HTLV-1 infection pathway
pathway
KEGG:05166
PW:0001149
human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection pathway
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus causing a type of cancer known as adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma and a demyelinating condition referred to as HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). A viral regulatory protein known as Tax, which is a transcriptional co-factor, interferes with a number of signaling pathways in the host.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus
Fc receptors mediated signaling exerts important regulatory and modulatory roles in immunity. Fc receptors are classified by the type of antibody they recognize. They are widely expressed on immune system cells and a number of other cell types. With one exception, they mediate activating signaling cascades.
VPetri
2012-11-09T10:50:09Z
pathway
PW:0001150
Fc receptor mediated signaling pathway
Fc receptors mediated signaling exerts important regulatory and modulatory roles in immunity. Fc receptors are classified by the type of antibody they recognize. They are widely expressed on immune system cells and a number of other cell types. With one exception, they mediate activating signaling cascades.
PMID:17981207
The signaling cascade initiated by an activated Fc epsilon receptor. Fc receptors are classified by the type of antibody they recognize; thus, Fc epsilon receptors bind IgE antibody.
VPetri
2012-11-09T11:02:34Z
pathway
KEGG:04664
SMP:00358
PW:0001151
Fc epsilon receptor mediated signaling pathway
The signaling cascade initiated by an activated Fc epsilon receptor. Fc receptors are classified by the type of antibody they recognize; thus, Fc epsilon receptors bind IgE antibody.
PMID:17981207
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of steroids. Notable examples include cholesterol and steroid hormones.
VPetri
2012-11-09T15:05:33Z
pathway
steroid biosynthetic process
PW:0001152
steroid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of steroids. Notable examples include cholesterol and steroid hormones.
GO:0006694
KEGG:00100
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of caffeine, a xanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of certain plants that humans use as a stimulant.
VPetri
2012-11-09T15:14:24Z
pathway
KEGG:00232
PW:0001153
caffeine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of caffeine, a xanthine alkaloid found in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of certain plants that humans use as a stimulant.
KEGG:00232
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans.
VPetri
2012-11-09T15:21:46Z
pathway
glycosaminoglycan catabolic process
PW:0001154
glycosaminoglycan degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans.
GO:0006027
KEGG:00531
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of butirosin and neomycin -aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by Bacillus circulans and Streptomyces fradiae, respectively.
VPetri
2012-11-09T15:34:08Z
pathway
KEGG:00524
PW:0001155
butirosin and neomycin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of butirosin and neomycin -aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by Bacillus circulans and Streptomyces fradiae, respectively.
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycerolipids, which are composed of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted glycerols. Triacylglycerol, or triglyceride, is the best known example.
VPetri
2012-11-09T15:42:02Z
pathway
glycerolipid metabolic process
PW:0001156
glycerolipid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycerolipids, which are composed of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted glycerols. Triacylglycerol, or triglyceride, is the best known example.
GO:0046486
KEGG:00561
SMP:00039
http://www.onelook.com
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of ether lipids. On these molecules one or more of the carbon atoms of glycerol is bonded to an alkyl group via an ether linkage.
VPetri
2012-11-09T15:51:41Z
pathway
PW:0001157
ether lipid metabolic pathway
true
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of ether lipids. On these molecules one or more of the carbon atoms of glycerol is bonded to an alkyl group via an ether linkage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ether_lipid
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of alpha-linolenic acid - an unsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. Alpha-linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid that humans and other animals cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet.
VPetri
2012-11-09T16:06:00Z
pathway
alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism
alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process
PW:0001158
alpha-linolenic acid metabolic pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of alpha-linolenic acid - an unsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. Alpha-linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid that humans and other animals cannot synthesize and must obtain from diet.
GO:0036109
KEGG:00592
Reactome:R-HSA-2046106
SMP:00018
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Linolenic_acid
Aminoacyl-tRNA, or transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to ribosomes and is part of the translation pathway. tRNAs are specific for the amino acids with which they are associated. Their synthesis involves adenylation of the amino acid followed by its transfer; both steps require ATP.
VPetri
2012-11-09T16:13:47Z
pathway
tRNA Aminoacylation
PW:0001159
aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthetic pathway
Aminoacyl-tRNA, or transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to ribosomes and is part of the translation pathway. tRNAs are specific for the amino acids with which they are associated. Their synthesis involves adenylation of the amino acid followed by its transfer; both steps require ATP.
GO:0043039
KEGG:00970
Reaactome:R-HSA-379724
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl-tRNA
The pathway whereby various RNA molecules synthesized in the nucleus are exported to the cytoplasm to be further processed such as protein-coding mRNA or to fulfill particular functions.
VPetri
2012-11-12T15:25:17Z
pathway
RNA transport
PW:0001160
RNA transport pathway
The pathway whereby various RNA molecules synthesized in the nucleus are exported to the cytoplasm to be further processed such as protein-coding mRNA or to fulfill particular functions.
GO:0050658
KEGG:03013
PMID:15519698
PMID:21776079
The turnover of RNA molecules produced by the three eukaryotic polymerases and those resulting from their processing and/or assembly. It includes the degradation of defective molecules, of excess molecules, or of defective components by the RNA surveillance or decay pathway.
VPetri
2012-11-12T15:38:14Z
pathway
RNA catabolic process
PW:0001161
RNA degradation pathway
The turnover of RNA molecules produced by the three eukaryotic polymerases and those resulting from their processing and/or assembly. It includes the degradation of defective molecules, of excess molecules, or of defective components by the RNA surveillance or decay pathway.
GO:0006401
KEGG:03018
PMID:19239894
The signaling pathway initiated by a chemical entity. It could be an organic or inorganic molecule.
VPetri
2012-11-13T09:02:24Z
pathway
PW:0001162
chemical compound signaling pathway
Cannabinoids are a class of rather diverse chemical compounds of which some, like endocannabinoids, are naturally produced by the body in humans and other animals, while others are found in plants or are synthesized. Signaling is mediated by the cannabinoid receptors that are G-protein-coupled (GPCR) receptors. The endogenous cannabinoids are lipids and the signaling route is referred to as retrograde as it travels 'backwards' from the postsynaptic to the presynaptic cell.
VPetri
2012-11-13T09:02:41Z
pathway
PW:0001163
cannabinoid signaling pathway
Cannabinoids are a class of rather diverse chemical compounds of which some, like endocannabinoids, are naturally produced by the body in humans and other animals, while others are found in plants or are synthesized. Signaling is mediated by the cannabinoid receptors that are G-protein-coupled (GPCR) receptors. The endogenous cannabinoids are lipids and the signaling route is referred to as retrograde as it travels 'backwards' from the postsynaptic to the presynaptic cell.
GO:0038171
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid
The signaling pathway initiated by the endogenous cannabinoids that activate the G-protein-coupled (GPCR) cannabinoid receptors and utilize a retrograde route from the postsynaptic to the presynaptic neuron.
VPetri
2012-11-13T09:19:29Z
pathway
retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathway
PW:0001164
endocannabinoid signaling pathway
The signaling pathway initiated by the endogenous cannabinoids that activate the G-protein-coupled (GPCR) cannabinoid receptors and utilize a retrograde route from the postsynaptic to the presynaptic neuron.
GO:0071926
KEGG:04723
PMID:21531987
VPetri
2012-11-13T09:46:51Z
pathway
PW:0001165
lipid neurotransmitter metabolic pathway
VPetri
2012-11-13T09:47:42Z
pathway
PW:0001166
endocannabinoid metabolic pathway
Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHLH) signaling exerts pleiotropic roles, unlike the related parathyroid hormone whose specific role is in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Initially identified as a molecule produced by certain cancers, it is now known that it is important for normal physiological functions, mostly related to development and organogenesis.
VPetri
2013-01-04T11:32:22Z
pathway
PTHrP signaling pathway
parathyroid hormone related peptide signaling pathway
PW:0001167
parathyroid hormone-like hormone signaling pathway
Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHLH) signaling exerts pleiotropic roles, unlike the related parathyroid hormone whose specific role is in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Initially identified as a molecule produced by certain cancers, it is now known that it is important for normal physiological functions, mostly related to development and organogenesis.
PMID:22549910
Altered calcium signaling due to mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor has been associated with a number of conditions. To date, more than 250 mutations have been identified of which more than half reside in the extracellular part of the receptor.
VPetri
2013-01-04T15:17:51Z
pathway
PW:0001168
altered calcium signaling pathway via the calcium-sensing receptor
Altered calcium signaling due to mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor has been associated with a number of conditions. To date, more than 250 mutations have been identified of which more than half reside in the extracellular part of the receptor.
PMID:19484257
http://www.cardb.mcgill.ca/
VPetri
2013-01-04T15:22:59Z
pathway
PW:0001169
altered calcium/calcium-mediated signaling pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with the musculo-skeletal system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-01-21T15:17:57Z
pathway
PW:0001170
musculo-skeletal system drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions associated with the musculo-skeletal system. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (Tip39) is encoded by the parathyroid hormone 2 gene, weakly homologous to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHrP). Tip39 is an endogenous ligand for the parathyroid hormone receptor 2, a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), initially considered an orphan receptor. Signaling, mostly in the brain but also in the pancreas, testis and renal tissues, appears to involve elevation in cAMP.
VPetri
2013-01-28T14:00:14Z
Tip39 signaling pathway
pathway
PTH2 signaling pathway
PW:0001171
tuberoinfundibular 39 residues peptide signaling pathway
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (Tip39) is encoded by the parathyroid hormone 2 gene, weakly homologous to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHrP). Tip39 is an endogenous ligand for the parathyroid hormone receptor 2, a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), initially considered an orphan receptor. Signaling, mostly in the brain but also in the pancreas, testis and renal tissues, appears to involve elevation in cAMP.
PMID:19857544
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling involves more than 20 proteins involved in embryonic and postnatal development and for some members, also acting as hormones in the adult. Deregulation of the pathway has been implicated in a number of neoplastic and metabolic conditions.
VPetri
2013-01-29T09:20:46Z
altered FGF signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0001172
altered fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling involves more than 20 proteins involved in embryonic and postnatal development and for some members, also acting as hormones in the adult. Deregulation of the pathway has been implicated in a number of neoplastic and metabolic conditions.
PMID:20940169
The fibroblast growth factors (FGF) also known as FGF homologous factors belong to the phylogenetic subfamily FGF11/12/13/14. They signal intracellularly and independent of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). The pathway plays important neuromodulatory roles. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders.
VPetri
2013-01-29T11:11:31Z
intracrine FGF signaling pathway
pathway
intracellular FGF signaling pathway
intracellular fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
PW:0001173
intracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
The fibroblast growth factors (FGF) also known as FGF homologous factors belong to the phylogenetic subfamily FGF11/12/13/14. They signal intracellularly and independent of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). The pathway plays important neuromodulatory roles. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders.
PMID:20940169
PMID:23040813
Paracrine fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are represented by five phylogenetic subfamilies whose signaling, also referred to as canonical, is involved in the well known role of FGF in embryonic and postnatal development. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several conditions.
VPetri
2013-01-29T11:20:28Z
paracrine FGF signaling pathway
pathway
canonical fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
PW:0001174
paracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
Paracrine fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are represented by five phylogenetic subfamilies whose signaling, also referred to as canonical, is involved in the well known role of FGF in embryonic and postnatal development. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several conditions.
PMID:20940169
The endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGF) also known as hormone-like belong to the 15/19/21/23 phylogenetic subfamily, also referred to as FGF19 subfamily. They have low affinity for the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) and rely on the Klotho family members to bind the receptors under physiological conditions. In particular, FGF23 signaling via Klotho, also known as the FGF23/Klotho axis plays a central role in vitamin D metabolism and renal phosphate homeostasis. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several conditions.
VPetri
2013-01-29T11:20:53Z
endocrine FGF signaling pathway
pathway
fibroblast growth factor subfamily 19 signaling pathway
PW:0001175
endocrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
The endocrine fibroblast growth factors (FGF) also known as hormone-like belong to the 15/19/21/23 phylogenetic subfamily, also referred to as FGF19 subfamily. They have low affinity for the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) and rely on the Klotho family members to bind the receptors under physiological conditions. In particular, FGF23 signaling via Klotho, also known as the FGF23/Klotho axis plays a central role in vitamin D metabolism and renal phosphate homeostasis. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several conditions.
PMID:20730630
PMID:20940169
PMID:22298654
Deregulation of endocrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway has been associated with several paraneoplastic and metabolic diseases that include renal failure, Cushing's syndrome, type 2 diabetes and obesity, among others.
VPetri
2013-01-29T13:42:12Z
altered endocrine FGF signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0001176
altered endocrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
Deregulation of endocrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway has been associated with several paraneoplastic and metabolic diseases that include renal failure, Cushing's syndrome, type 2 diabetes and obesity, among others.
PMID:20940169
Deregulation of the intracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and also with mental retardation.
VPetri
2013-01-29T13:47:31Z
altered intracrine FGF signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0001177
altered intracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
Deregulation of the intracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders and also with mental retardation.
PMID:20940169
Deregulation of the paracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway has been associated with several congenital disorders.
VPetri
2013-01-29T13:58:04Z
altered paracrine FGF signaling pathway
pathway
altered canonical fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
PW:0001178
altered paracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway
Deregulation of the paracrine fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway has been associated with several congenital disorders.
PMID:20940169
Fibroblast growth factor 23 signaling, a member of the endocrine subfamily of fibroblast growth factor family plays important roles in phosphate homeostasis. It is also important in vitamin D metabolism. The pathway is also referred to as the FGF23-Klotho axis, Klotho representing the obligatory co-receptor family for this subfamily with low affinity for the FGF receptors.
VPetri
2013-02-04T09:00:06Z
FGF23 signaling pathway
pathway
FGF23/Klotho axis
PW:0001179
fibroblast growth factor 23 signaling pathway
Fibroblast growth factor 23 signaling, a member of the endocrine subfamily of fibroblast growth factor family plays important roles in phosphate homeostasis. It is also important in vitamin D metabolism. The pathway is also referred to as the FGF23-Klotho axis, Klotho representing the obligatory co-receptor family for this subfamily with low affinity for the FGF receptors.
PMID:20059333
The parathyroid hormone family consists of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-like hormone that employ the same parathyroid hormone receptor type 1, a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) of family B of GPCRs. Despite signaling through the same receptor, the two hormones elicit distinct functions. Receptor type 2 has been considered an orphan receptor, but a specific ligand has been identified, a 39 residues peptide with weaker amino acid sequence similarity to the two hormones.
VPetri
2013-02-04T09:25:11Z
pathway
PW:0001180
parathyroid hormone family signaling pathway
The parathyroid hormone family consists of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-like hormone that employ the same parathyroid hormone receptor type 1, a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) of family B of GPCRs. Despite signaling through the same receptor, the two hormones elicit distinct functions. Receptor type 2 has been considered an orphan receptor, but a specific ligand has been identified, a 39 residues peptide with weaker amino acid sequence similarity to the two hormones.
PMID:22745236
VPetri
2013-02-04T09:48:12Z
altered FGF23 signaling pathway
pathway
altered FGF23/Klotho axis
PW:0001181
altered fibroblast growth factor 23 signaling pathway
Phosphate is an essential element with many important roles in biology, from skeletal development and integrity to metabolism and cellular signaling. The greatest amount of phosphate is found in bone and teeth. The major regulator of phosphate homeostasis is the kidney. Maintenance of proper phosphate levels is assured by an interplay of transport and signaling pathways. Sodium phosphate co-transporters, primarily type 2 and 3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) signaling are essential components.
VPetri
2013-02-04T10:04:15Z
pathway
PW:0001182
phosphate homeostasis pathway
Phosphate is an essential element with many important roles in biology, from skeletal development and integrity to metabolism and cellular signaling. The greatest amount of phosphate is found in bone and teeth. The major regulator of phosphate homeostasis is the kidney. Maintenance of proper phosphate levels is assured by an interplay of transport and signaling pathways. Sodium phosphate co-transporters, primarily type 2 and 3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) signaling are essential components.
PMID:22552885
The pathway that assures the proper transport of phosphate in the body. The kidney plays a major role in the filtration and reabsorption of phosphate while bone is a principal form of storage. Several types of sodium phosphate cotransporters are involved; the role of type 2 and 3 has been established. Renal phosphate transport is under the control of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) signaling.
VPetri
2013-02-04T10:05:08Z
pathway
phosphate ion transport
PW:0001183
phosphate transport pathway
The pathway that assures the proper transport of phosphate in the body. The kidney plays a major role in the filtration and reabsorption of phosphate while bone is a principal form of storage. Several types of sodium phosphate cotransporters are involved; the role of type 2 and 3 has been established. Renal phosphate transport is under the control of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) signaling.
GO:0006817
PMID:21778753
VPetri
2013-02-04T10:06:57Z
pathway
PW:0001184
altered phosphate homeostasis pathway
Calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase 2 (CAMK2) signaling plays important roles in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and long-term potentiation (LPT) and memory in the brain.
VPetri
2013-02-11T11:37:17Z
CAMKII signaling pathway
pathway
CAMK2 signaling pathway
PW:0001185
calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase 2 signaling pathway
Calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase 2 (CAMK2) signaling plays important roles in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and long-term potentiation (LPT) and memory in the brain.
PMID:21529938
PMID:23091085
The calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase signaling cascade require an upstream CAMK kinase (CAMKK) for activating phosphorylation.
VPetri
2013-02-11T11:50:56Z
CAMK signaling cascade
pathway
PW:0001186
calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase signaling cascade
The calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase signaling cascade require an upstream CAMK kinase (CAMKK) for activating phosphorylation.
PMID:21529938
VPetri
2013-02-11T11:55:22Z
pathway
PW:0001187
calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase 1 signaling pathway
VPetri
2013-02-11T11:55:57Z
pathway
PW:0001188
calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase 4 signaling pathway
A folate metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Impairment of folate cycle and/or folate mediated one-carbon pathways is associated with an increased risk for several conditions and developmental anomalies.
VPetri
2013-03-11T11:53:52Z
pathway
PW:0001189
altered folate metabolic pathway
A folate metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Impairment of folate cycle and/or folate mediated one-carbon pathways is associated with an increased risk for several conditions and developmental anomalies.
PMID:15298442
VPetri
2013-03-11T13:58:14Z
pathway
PW:0001190
altered hydrophobic amino acid metabolic pathway
A methionine cycle/metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Impaired methionine metabolism and/or altered levels of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) have been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and alcoholic liver disease.
VPetri
2013-03-11T13:59:10Z
pathway
PW:0001191
altered methionine cycle/metabolic pathway
A methionine cycle/metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Impaired methionine metabolism and/or altered levels of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) have been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and alcoholic liver disease.
PMID:23073625
A homocysteine metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Enzyme and/or vitamin deficiencies or defects in folate metabolism can give rise to the abnormal levels of homocysteine in homocysteinuria or hyperhomocystenemia and the consequences related to them.
VPetri
2013-03-12T10:18:13Z
pathway
PW:0001192
altered homocysteine metabolic pathway
A homocysteine metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Enzyme and/or vitamin deficiencies or defects in folate metabolism can give rise to the abnormal levels of homocysteine in homocysteinuria or hyperhomocystenemia and the consequences related to them.
PMID:22418620
Kinases are essential components of biological pathways. Phosphorylaton by protein kinases and dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases exert major regulatory roles. In addition, they can also initiate intracellular signaling cascades. Kinases represent a significant fraction of eukaryotic genes and prominent amongst them are the serine/threonine kinases.
VPetri
2013-03-12T10:32:24Z
pathway
PW:0001193
kinase mediated signaling pathway
Kinases are essential components of biological pathways. Phosphorylaton by protein kinases and dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases exert major regulatory roles. In addition, they can also initiate intracellular signaling cascades. Kinases represent a significant fraction of eukaryotic genes and prominent amongst them are the serine/threonine kinases.
PMID:16132230
Serine/threonine-specific kinase mediated signaling include essential intracellular pathways such as those involving the mitogen-activated (MAPK), Akt (also known as Pkb), protein kinase A and protein kinase C, to name a few. Serine/threonine-specific kinases represent the largest class.
VPetri
2013-03-12T10:37:15Z
pathway
PW:0001194
serine/threonine-specific kinase mediated signaling pathway
Serine/threonine-specific kinase mediated signaling include essential intracellular pathways such as those involving the mitogen-activated (MAPK), Akt (also known as Pkb), protein kinase A and protein kinase C, to name a few. Serine/threonine-specific kinases represent the largest class.
PMID:16132230
http://www.onelook.com
The non-receptor tyrosine-specific kinases are represented by members of Src, Jak, Syk and other families. Some, such as Jak, function as initiators of intracellular pathways, others are components of several pathways. Tyrosine-specific kinases are also represented by receptor tyrosine kinases activated by growth factors and hormones. These kinases are components of the pathways the specific growth factors and hormones initiate.
VPetri
2013-03-12T10:37:57Z
pathway
PW:0001195
tyrosine-specific protein kinase mediated signaling pathway
The non-receptor tyrosine-specific kinases are represented by members of Src, Jak, Syk and other families. Some, such as Jak, function as initiators of intracellular pathways, others are components of several pathways. Tyrosine-specific kinases are also represented by receptor tyrosine kinases activated by growth factors and hormones. These kinases are components of the pathways the specific growth factors and hormones initiate.
PMID:16132230
VPetri
2013-03-12T11:55:51Z
pathway
PW:0001196
altered phosphatase mediated signaling pathway
VPetri
2013-03-12T11:56:16Z
pathway
PW:0001197
altered serine/threonine-specific phosphatase mediated signaling pathway
VPetri
2013-03-12T12:09:21Z
pathway
PW:0001198
altered kinase mediated signaling pathway
VPetri
2013-03-12T12:10:08Z
pathway
PW:0001199
altered serine/threonine-specific kinase mediated signaling pathway
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) signaling stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone. Its own secretion is dependent upon activation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the hypothalamus by low levels of thyroid hormone (TH). TRH, TSH and TH signaling pathways are part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis for which TH itself provides a negative regulatory loop.
VPetri
2013-03-26T10:29:31Z
TSH signaling pathway
thyrotropin signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0001200
thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) signaling stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone. Its own secretion is dependent upon activation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the hypothalamus by low levels of thyroid hormone (TH). TRH, TSH and TH signaling pathways are part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis for which TH itself provides a negative regulatory loop.
GO:0038194
PMID:22759379
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH or TRF) signaling stimulates the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary, which in turn stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone (TH). TRH, TSH and TH signaling pathways are part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis for which TH itself provides a negative regulatory loop.
VPetri
2013-03-26T10:47:07Z
TRH signaling pathway
pathway
TRF signaling pathway
thyrotropin-releasing factor signaling pathway
PW:0001201
thyrotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH or TRF) signaling stimulates the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary, which in turn stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone (TH). TRH, TSH and TH signaling pathways are part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis for which TH itself provides a negative regulatory loop.
PMID:22759379
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of genito-urinary system conditions or as sex hormones derivatives and analogs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-03-26T11:29:09Z
pathway
PW:0001202
genito-urinary system and sex hormones drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of genito-urinary system conditions or as sex hormones derivatives and analogs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hormonal preparations that may contain natural hormones or are synthetic hormonal analogs and their derivatives. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-03-26T12:01:13Z
pathway
PW:0001203
systemic hormones drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hormonal preparations that may contain natural hormones or are synthetic hormonal analogs and their derivatives. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08303.keg
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thyroid hormone analogs, many of which have tissue specific thyroid hormone action.
VPetri
2013-03-26T12:24:40Z
pathway
PW:0001204
thyromimetics drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thyroid hormone analogs, many of which have tissue specific thyroid hormone action.
PMID:21504761
Sobetirome, also known as GC-1, is a one of the best characterized thyromimetics with high affinity for the beta thyroid receptor. It has been shown to reduce LDL cholesterol in animal model studies.
VPetri
2013-03-26T12:31:54Z
pathway
PW:0001205
sobetirome drug pathway
Sobetirome, also known as GC-1, is a one of the best characterized thyromimetics with high affinity for the beta thyroid receptor. It has been shown to reduce LDL cholesterol in animal model studies.
PMID:21504761
Eprotirome is a thyromimetics that in addition for being selective for the beta tyrosine receptor is also highly liver-selective with minimal uptake in non-hepatic tissues. In overweight and hypercholesterolemic patients, its administration lead to lowering of total and LDL-cholesterol while stimulating bile acid biosynthesis.
VPetri
2013-03-26T12:36:58Z
pathway
PW:0001206
eprotirome drug pathway
Eprotirome is a thyromimetics that in addition for being selective for the beta tyrosine receptor is also highly liver-selective with minimal uptake in non-hepatic tissues. In overweight and hypercholesterolemic patients, its administration lead to lowering of total and LDL-cholesterol while stimulating bile acid biosynthesis.
PMID:21504761
The folate cycle metabolic pathway sums up the uptake and transport of folates, the processing and interconversion reactions of folate compounds. The folate cycle and the folate mediate one-carbon transfer pathways are part of folate metabolism.
VPetri
2013-04-02T09:58:52Z
pathway
PW:0001207
folate cycle metabolic pathway
The folate cycle metabolic pathway sums up the uptake and transport of folates, the processing and interconversion reactions of folate compounds. The folate cycle and the folate mediate one-carbon transfer pathways are part of folate metabolism.
PMID:11001804
PMID:15166809
PMID:15298442
VPetri
2013-04-02T10:06:47Z
pathway
PW:0001208
altered folate cycle metabolic pathway
VPetri
2013-04-02T10:07:30Z
pathway
PW:0001209
altered folate mediated one-carbon metabolic pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of plevitrexed, a non-polyglutamatable antifolate quinazoline derivative and thymidylate synthase inhibitor used in the treatment of cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-04-05T09:15:35Z
pathway
PW:0001210
plevitrexed drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of plevitrexed, a non-polyglutamatable antifolate quinazoline derivative and thymidylate synthase inhibitor used in the treatment of cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.cancer.gov
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of plevitrexed, an antifolate used in the treatment of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-04-05T09:18:45Z
pathway
PW:0001211
plevitrexed pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of plevitrexed, an antifolate used in the treatment of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
NCI:NCI
wikipedia:www.cancer.gov
The pathway of plevitrexed-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antifolate that targets thymidylate synthase and is used in the treatment of several cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-04-05T09:19:15Z
pathway
PW:0001212
plevitrexed pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of plevitrexed-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antifolate that targets thymidylate synthase and is used in the treatment of several cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
NCI:NCI
wikipedia:www.cancer.gov
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of permetrexed, an antifolate originally designed as a thymidylate synthase inhibitor but which also has inhibitory effects on other enzymes involved in the folate cycle and/or folate mediated one-carbon transfer reactions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-04-05T09:21:07Z
pathway
Alimta drug pathway
PW:0001213
pemetrexed drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of permetrexed, an antifolate originally designed as a thymidylate synthase inhibitor but which also has inhibitory effects on other enzymes involved in the folate cycle and/or folate mediated one-carbon transfer reactions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemetrexed
The pathway of pemetrexed-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antifolate that targets thymidylate synthase and other enzymes of the folate cycle and folate mediated one-carbon transfer reactions and is used in the treatment of several cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-04-05T09:27:10Z
pathway
Alimta pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0001214
pemetrexed pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of pemetrexed-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antifolate that targets thymidylate synthase and other enzymes of the folate cycle and folate mediated one-carbon transfer reactions and is used in the treatment of several cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemetrexed
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pemetrexed, an antifolate used in the treatment of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-04-05T09:27:34Z
pathway
Alimta pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0001215
pemetrexed pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pemetrexed, an antifolate used in the treatment of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemetrexed
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pralatrexate, a polyglutamatable antifolate used as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme of folate cycle. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-04-05T09:34:53Z
pathway
Folotyn drug pathway
PW:0001216
pralatrexate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pralatrexate, a polyglutamatable antifolate used as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme of folate cycle. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pralatrexate
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pralatrexed, an antifolate used in the treatment of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-04-05T09:38:36Z
pathway
Folotyn pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0001217
pralatrexate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pralatrexed, an antifolate used in the treatment of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
NCI:www.cancer.gov
The pathway of pralatrexed-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antifolate that targets dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and is used in the treatment of some cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-04-05T09:39:53Z
pathway
Folotyn pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0001218
pralatrexate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of pralatrexed-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antifolate that targets dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and is used in the treatment of some cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
NCI;_wikipedia:www.cancer.gov
Hydrogen sulfide can act as a signaling molecule with roles in the heart, brain and smooth muscle.
VPetri
2013-04-16T11:11:57Z
pathway
H2S signaling pathway
PW:0001219
hydrogen sulfide mediated signaling pathway
Hydrogen sulfide can act as a signaling molecule with roles in the heart, brain and smooth muscle.
PMID:20067586
PMID:22546339
PMID:22781905
Nitric oxide (NO) signaling, well known for its vasodilation effects, exerts multiple roles that include the immune and nervous system.
VPetri
2013-04-16T11:14:49Z
pathway
NO mediated signaling pathway
PW:0001220
nitric oxide mediated signaling pathway
Nitric oxide (NO) signaling, well known for its vasodilation effects, exerts multiple roles that include the immune and nervous system.
PMID:26028569
PMID:26364456
Those signaling pathway elicited by gases such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide or hydrogen sulfide.
VPetri
2013-04-16T11:20:16Z
pathway
PW:0001221
gasotransmitter mediated signaling pathway
Those signaling pathway elicited by gases such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide or hydrogen sulfide.
PMID:22546339
PMID:22781905
VPetri
2013-05-02T09:37:31Z
pathway
FoxC signaling pathway
PW:0001222
forkhead class C signaling pathway
VPetri
2013-05-02T09:38:33Z
pathway
FoxP signaling pathway
PW:0001223
forkhead class P signaling pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of irinotecan an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-03T10:54:39Z
pathway
PW:0001224
irinotecan drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of irinotecan an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of irinotecan, a drug used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-03T10:58:59Z
pathway
SMP:00600
PW:0001225
irinotecan pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of irinotecan, a drug used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA2001
The pathway of irinotecan-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Irinotecan is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-03T10:59:18Z
pathway
SMP:00433
PW:0001226
irinotecan pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of irinotecan-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Irinotecan is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor used in the treatment of several types of cancer. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA2029
The Stem Cell Factor (SCF) signaling pathway plays important roles in cell migration, proliferation and survival. SCF activates the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase which then prompts several intracellular signaling pathways. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several conditions including cancer.
VPetri
2013-05-03T11:24:34Z
SCF signaling pathway
Steel factor signaling pathway
pathway
Kit signaling pathway
Signaling by SCF-KIT
PW:0001227
Stem Cell Factor signaling pathway
The Stem Cell Factor (SCF) signaling pathway plays important roles in cell migration, proliferation and survival. SCF activates the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase which then prompts several intracellular signaling pathways. Deregulation of the pathway has been associated with several conditions including cancer.
GO:0038109
PMID:23073628
Reactome:R-HSA-1433557
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that target the angiotensin converting enzyme ACE. In the renin-angiotensin cascade, several bioactive peptides are derived from the precursor angiotensinogen. ACE converts angiotensin I to the potent angiotensin II. The various ACE inhibitors are grouped based on their molecular structure, the dicarboxylate-containing agents represent the largest group. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-03T11:54:00Z
pathway
PW:0001228
ACE inhibitor drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that target the angiotensin converting enzyme ACE. In the renin-angiotensin cascade, several bioactive peptides are derived from the precursor angiotensinogen. ACE converts angiotensin I to the potent angiotensin II. The various ACE inhibitors are grouped based on their molecular structure, the dicarboxylate-containing agents represent the largest group. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE_inhibitor
Those metabolic reactions involved in the uptake, modification and elimination of chemical compounds that are foreign to the biological system. This includes the biotransformation pathways organisms use to detoxify the system and the degradation of toxic pollutants by microorganisms. Many of the compounds that enter the cell are inactive and the transformation pathways aim to increase their hydrophilicity and ease elimination. In the process, some of the intermediates may give rise to toxic metabolites and effects. The transformation pathways are also important for the pharmacokinetics aspect of drug metabolism. The distinction is that a drug is a foreign compound intentionally administered. In the case of the degradation pathway, microoganismal enzymes have the ability to degrade otherwise resistant compounds.
VPetri
2013-05-03T15:29:08Z
pathway
xenobiotic metabolic process
PW:0001229
xenobiotic metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the uptake, modification and elimination of chemical compounds that are foreign to the biological system. This includes the biotransformation pathways organisms use to detoxify the system and the degradation of toxic pollutants by microorganisms. Many of the compounds that enter the cell are inactive and the transformation pathways aim to increase their hydrophilicity and ease elimination. In the process, some of the intermediates may give rise to toxic metabolites and effects. The transformation pathways are also important for the pharmacokinetics aspect of drug metabolism. The distinction is that a drug is a foreign compound intentionally administered. In the case of the degradation pathway, microoganismal enzymes have the ability to degrade otherwise resistant compounds.
GO:0006805
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ACE inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-07T16:04:48Z
pathway
PW:0001230
ACE inhibitor pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ACE inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE_inhibitor
The pathway of ACE inhibitor-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drugs are used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-07T16:05:08Z
pathway
PW:0001231
ACE inhibitor pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ACE inhibitor-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drugs are used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE_inhibitor
VPetri
2013-05-07T16:22:19Z
pathway
PW:0001232
arylamine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reaction involved in handling this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon whose metabolites are mutagenic and carcinogenic.
VPetri
2013-05-07T16:24:12Z
pathway
PW:0001233
benzo(a)pyrene metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reaction involved in handling this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon whose metabolites are mutagenic and carcinogenic.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzo%28a%29pyrene
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of biogenic amines.
VPetri
2013-05-08T08:31:26Z
pathway
cellular biogenic amine biosynthetic process
PW:0001234
biogenic amine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of biogenic amines.
GO:0042401
PMID:12641342
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of catecholamines. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are among the most abundant and are produced primarily from the adrenal medulla and the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system.
VPetri
2013-05-08T08:33:31Z
pathway
Catecholamine biosynthesis
catecholamine biosynthetic process
PW:0001235
catecholamine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of catecholamines. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are among the most abundant and are produced primarily from the adrenal medulla and the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system.
GO:0042423
PMID:19342614
Reactome:R-HSA-209905
SMP:00012
Histamine is derived from the amino acid histidine via a decarboxylation reaction carried out by the enzyme L-histidine decarboxylase.
VPetri
2013-05-08T08:38:25Z
pathway
histamine biosynthetic process
PW:0001236
histamine biosynthetic pathway
Histamine is derived from the amino acid histidine via a decarboxylation reaction carried out by the enzyme L-histidine decarboxylase.
GO:0001694
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of serotonin, a monoamine neurotransmitter involved in modulating mood, memory and other biological processes.
VPetri
2013-05-08T08:38:42Z
pathway
serotonin biosynthetic process
PW:0001237
serotonin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of serotonin, a monoamine neurotransmitter involved in modulating mood, memory and other biological processes.
GO:0042427
VPetri
2013-05-08T08:39:39Z
pathway
PW:0001238
indoleamine and related compounds biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids, molecules that play important roles in the immune and vascular systems. They are derived from either omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, with the route via the conversion of arachidonic acid being better known.
VPetri
2013-05-08T09:54:38Z
pathway
icosanoid biosynthetic process
PW:0001239
eicosanoid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids, molecules that play important roles in the immune and vascular systems. They are derived from either omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, with the route via the conversion of arachidonic acid being better known.
GO:0046456
PMID:15896353
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of prostanoids, a class of eicosanoids that contains the prostaglandins, the thromboxanes and prostacycline.
VPetri
2013-05-08T10:04:12Z
pathway
prostanoid metabolic process
PW:0001240
prostanoid metabolic pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of prostanoids, a class of eicosanoids that contains the prostaglandins, the thromboxanes and prostacycline.
GO:0006692
PMID:15896353
Those metabolic reactions involving prostacycline - a family of prostanoid eicosanoids with important functions in the cardiovascular system.
VPetri
2013-05-08T10:09:06Z
pathway
PW:0001241
prostacyclin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving prostacycline - a family of prostanoid eicosanoids with important functions in the cardiovascular system.
PMID:15896353
PMID:23063076
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes, a class of eicosanoids, molecules exerting important roles in the immune and vascular systems.
VPetri
2013-05-08T10:16:22Z
pathway
leukotriene biosynthetic process
PW:0001242
leukotriene biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes, a class of eicosanoids, molecules exerting important roles in the immune and vascular systems.
GO:0019370
PMID:15896353
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of prostanoids, a class of eicosanoids that includes several families and which has important roles in the immune and vascular systems.
VPetri
2013-05-08T10:18:59Z
pathway
prostanoid biosynthetic process
PW:0001243
prostanoid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of prostanoids, a class of eicosanoids that includes several families and which has important roles in the immune and vascular systems.
GO:0046457
PMID:15896353
PMID:23063076
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of codeine and morphine, a class of drugs in the opiate family used as pain relievers. Both are naturally found in the poppy plant with codeine derived from the more abundant morphine, as methylated morphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-08T10:38:09Z
pathway
PW:0001244
codeine and morphine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of codeine and morphine, a class of drugs in the opiate family used as pain relievers. Both are naturally found in the poppy plant with codeine derived from the more abundant morphine, as methylated morphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA146123006
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of codeine and morphine, a class of drug opiates used as pain relievers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-08T10:42:00Z
pathway
SMP:00621
SMP:00622
PW:0001245
codeine and morphine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of codeine and morphine, a class of drug opiates used as pain relievers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA146123006
The pathway of codeine/morphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drugs are potential ligands for the mu-opioid receptor, a class of opioid receptor. Opioid receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) activated by endogenous and also exogenous opioids. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-08T10:42:23Z
pathway
SMP:00405
SMP:00406
PW:0001246
codeine and morphine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of codeine/morphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drugs are potential ligands for the mu-opioid receptor, a class of opioid receptor. Opioid receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) activated by endogenous and also exogenous opioids. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA146123006
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker used primarily in the treatment of hypertension and angina. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-08T11:07:26Z
pathway
Adalat CC drug pathway
Procardia drug pathway
PW:0001247
nifedipine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker used primarily in the treatment of hypertension and angina. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:18793108
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nifedipine. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-08T11:17:54Z
pathway
PW:0001248
nifedipine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nifedipine. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nifedipine
The pathway of nifedipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a calcium channel blocker, particularly the L-type channel. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-05-08T11:18:25Z
pathway
SMP:00379
PW:0001249
nifedipine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nifedipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a calcium channel blocker, particularly the L-type channel. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:17307972
The pathway responsible for the transport of monoamines, biogenic amines representing various neurotransmitters. The reuptake of neurotransmitters following their release is a key element determining the duration and intensity of their signaling and is thus essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
VPetri
2013-05-08T11:50:06Z
pathway
biogenic amine neurotransmitter transport pathway
monoamine transport
PW:0001250
monoamine transport pathway
The pathway responsible for the transport of monoamines, biogenic amines representing various neurotransmitters. The reuptake of neurotransmitters following their release is a key element determining the duration and intensity of their signaling and is thus essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
GO:0015844
PMID:12511858
PMID:16024510
VPetri
2013-05-08T12:07:10Z
pathway
PW:0001251
regulatory pathway pertinent to the brain
The prolactin signaling pathway is important for normal reproduction. Prolactin is a peptide hormone whose signaling activates several intracellular cascades.
VPetri
2013-05-08T12:14:48Z
pathway
Prolactin receptor signaling
PW:0001252
prolactin signaling pathway
The prolactin signaling pathway is important for normal reproduction. Prolactin is a peptide hormone whose signaling activates several intracellular cascades.
GO:0038161
PMID:21664429
PMID:22684822
Reactome:R-HSA-1170546
The omega degradation pathway is an alternative route to the common beta degradation pathway.
VPetri
2013-05-08T12:38:21Z
pathway
fatty acid omega oxidation pathway
PW:0001253
fatty acid omega degradation pathway
The omega degradation pathway is an alternative route to the common beta degradation pathway.
PMID:21156023
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of amino acids, the building blocks for proteins.
VPetri
2013-05-08T12:55:19Z
pathway
amino acid biosynthetic process
PW:0001254
amino acid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of amino acids, the building blocks for proteins.
GO:0008652
VPetri
2013-05-08T12:55:35Z
pathway
PW:0001255
hydrophilic amino acid biosynthetic pathway
VPetri
2013-05-08T12:55:59Z
pathway
PW:0001256
hydrophobic amino acid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of amino acids.
VPetri
2013-05-08T12:56:23Z
pathway
cellular amino acid catabolic process
PW:0001257
amino acid degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of amino acids.
GO:0009063
VPetri
2013-05-08T12:56:41Z
pathway
PW:0001258
hydrophobic amino acid degradation pathway
VPetri
2013-05-08T12:57:01Z
pathway
PW:0001259
hydrophilic amino acid degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of arginine. Although primarily a non-essential amino acid, its synthesis from citrulline may be insufficient and it is also energetically costly. Diet-derived arginine can circumvent these aspects.
VPetri
2013-05-08T13:06:34Z
pathway
arginine biosynthetic process
PW:0001260
arginine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of arginine. Although primarily a non-essential amino acid, its synthesis from citrulline may be insufficient and it is also energetically costly. Diet-derived arginine can circumvent these aspects.
GO:0006526
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arginine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of arginine. Higher organisms do not possess the enzymes involved in this catabolic pathway.
VPetri
2013-05-08T13:21:38Z
pathway
arginine catabolic process
PW:0001261
arginine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of arginine. Higher organisms do not possess the enzymes involved in this catabolic pathway.
GO:0006527
http://www.biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=AST-PWY
Those metabolic reaction involved in the biosynthesis of glutamic acid/glutamate. Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter.
VPetri
2013-05-08T13:30:08Z
pathway
PW:0001262
glutamic acid/glutamate biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glutamic acid/glutamate. There are several routes of glutamic acid/glutamate degradation. Some are found only in microorganisms and plants; others can be found in mammalian cells.
VPetri
2013-05-08T13:46:32Z
pathway
PW:0001263
glutamic acid/glutamate degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycine, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
VPetri
2013-05-08T13:51:53Z
pathway
glycine biosynthetic process
PW:0001264
glycine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycine, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter.
GO:0006545
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glycine. Several routes are available, of which the glycine cleavage system is the predominant one. It occurs in the mitochondria and produces 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate and as such, is an important component of the folate cycle pathway.
VPetri
2013-05-08T13:54:02Z
pathway
Glycine degradation
glycine catabolic process
PW:0001265
glycine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glycine. Several routes are available, of which the glycine cleavage system is the predominant one. It occurs in the mitochondria and produces 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate and as such, is an important component of the folate cycle pathway.
GO:0006546
PMID:18941301
Reactome:R-HSA-6783984
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of histidine, an essential amino acid for humans. The biosynthesis of histidine has been extensively studied in E. coli and S. typhimurium.
VPetri
2013-05-08T14:06:42Z
pathway
histidine biosynthetic process
PW:0001266
histidine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of histidine, an essential amino acid for humans. The biosynthesis of histidine has been extensively studied in E. coli and S. typhimurium.
GO:0000105
PMID:8852895
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of histidine. Histidine degradation provides a source of nitrogen and is carried out in microorganisms.
VPetri
2013-05-08T14:13:58Z
pathway
Histidine catabolism
histidine catabolic process
PW:0001267
histidine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of histidine. Histidine degradation provides a source of nitrogen and is carried out in microorganisms.
GO:0006548
PMID:24165547
PMID:24728193
Reactome:R-HSA-70921
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of isoleucine, an essential amino acid for humans. Its synthesis in plants and microorganisms proceeds via several steps.
VPetri
2013-05-08T14:24:37Z
pathway
isoleucine biosynthetic process
PW:0001268
isoleucine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of isoleucine, an essential amino acid for humans. Its synthesis in plants and microorganisms proceeds via several steps.
GO:0009097
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoleucine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of isoleucine.
VPetri
2013-05-08T14:37:44Z
pathway
isoleucine catabolic process
PW:0001269
isoleucine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of isoleucine.
GO:0006550
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of leucine, an essential amino acid for humans. In plants and microorganisms its synthesis proceeds via a number of steps.
VPetri
2013-05-08T14:40:17Z
pathway
leucine biosynthetic process
PW:0001270
leucine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of leucine, an essential amino acid for humans. In plants and microorganisms its synthesis proceeds via a number of steps.
GO:0009098
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of leucine.
VPetri
2013-05-08T14:44:17Z
pathway
leucine catabolic process
PW:0001271
leucine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of leucine.
GO:0006552
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine
The pathway of DNA transcription carried out by the prokaryotic and the several eukaryotic polymerases.
VPetri
2013-05-13T08:54:54Z
pathway
PW:0001272
RNA polymerase transcription pathway
The pathway of DNA transcription carried out by the prokaryotic and the several eukaryotic polymerases.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_%28genetics%29
The pathway of DNA transcription in prokaryotic organisms is carried out by a single polymerase. Five subunits constitute the core enzyme.
VPetri
2013-05-13T08:58:26Z
pathway
PW:0001273
prokaryotic RNA polymerase transcription pathway
The pathway of DNA transcription in prokaryotic organisms is carried out by a single polymerase. Five subunits constitute the core enzyme.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_%28genetics%29
RNA polymerase II and a set of general and specific transcription factors assemble as a large pre-initiation complex which undergoes a series of transformations before transcription proceeds. Promoter recognition and subsequent initiation of transcription are dependent upon the presence of these transcription factors. Activators and repressors impact upon transcription at these early stages.
VPetri
2013-05-13T09:10:45Z
pathway
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter
PW:0001274
RNA polymerase II transcription initiation pathway
RNA polymerase II and a set of general and specific transcription factors assemble as a large pre-initiation complex which undergoes a series of transformations before transcription proceeds. Promoter recognition and subsequent initiation of transcription are dependent upon the presence of these transcription factors. Activators and repressors impact upon transcription at these early stages.
GO:0006367
PMID:23000482
Reactome:R-HSA-75953
The pathway of DNA transcription carried out by the eukaryotic polymerases.
VPetri
2013-05-13T09:13:57Z
pathway
DNA-templated transcription
Generic Transcription Pathway
PW:0001275
eukaryotic RNA polymerase transcription pathway
The pathway of DNA transcription carried out by the eukaryotic polymerases.
GO:0006351
Reactome:R-HSA-212436
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_%28genetics%29
Those metabolic reactions involved in the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), downstream of kynurenine metabolism of tryptophan degradation.
VPetri
2013-05-13T09:35:26Z
de novo NAD biosynthetic pathway
pathway
'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process
PW:0001276
de novo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), downstream of kynurenine metabolism of tryptophan degradation.
GO:0034627
PMID:18020963
PMID:20007326
PMID:26785480
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione is a tripeptide that exerts important functions as an antioxidant and in the conjugation of xenobiotics and drugs by phase II biotransformation enzymes.
VPetri
2013-05-13T09:49:41Z
pathway
Glutathione synthesis and recycling
glutathione biosynthetic process
PW:0001277
glutathione biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glutathione. Glutathione is a tripeptide that exerts important functions as an antioxidant and in the conjugation of xenobiotics and drugs by phase II biotransformation enzymes.
GO:0006750
PMID:22998389
PMID:23201762
Reactome:R-HSA-174403
Those metabolic reaction involved in the synthesis of threonine. Threonine is an essential amino acid that humans cannot synthesize. Its synthesis takes place in plants and microorganisms.
VPetri
2013-05-13T10:35:40Z
pathway
threonine biosynthetic process
PW:0001278
threonine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reaction involved in the synthesis of threonine. Threonine is an essential amino acid that humans cannot synthesize. Its synthesis takes place in plants and microorganisms.
GO:0009088
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threonine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of threonine, an essential amino acid for humans. There are several routes for the degradation of threonine.
VPetri
2013-05-13T10:48:43Z
pathway
Threonine catabolism
threonine catabolic process
PW:0001279
threonine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of threonine, an essential amino acid for humans. There are several routes for the degradation of threonine.
GO:0006567
Reactome:R-HSA-8849175
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of tryptophan, an essential amino acid that humans cannot synthesize. Its synthesis takes place in plants and microorganisms. In plants, the synthesis of aromatic amino acids is part of the chorismate pathway, the end branch point of the shikimate pathway.
VPetri
2013-05-13T11:10:00Z
pathway
tryptophan biosynthetic process
PW:0001280
tryptophan biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of tryptophan, an essential amino acid that humans cannot synthesize. Its synthesis takes place in plants and microorganisms. In plants, the synthesis of aromatic amino acids is part of the chorismate pathway, the end branch point of the shikimate pathway.
GO:0000162
PMID:20817774
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of tryptophan, an essential amino acid. Tryptophan undergoes oxidative catabolism carried out by several hemeprotein enzymes. In plants, tyrosine is the precursor for several secondary metabolites.
VPetri
2013-05-13T11:18:16Z
pathway
Tryptophan catabolism
tryptophan catabolic process
PW:0001281
tryptophan degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of tryptophan, an essential amino acid. Tryptophan undergoes oxidative catabolism carried out by several hemeprotein enzymes. In plants, tyrosine is the precursor for several secondary metabolites.
GO:0006569
PMID:20817774
PMID:22889220
Reactome:R-HSA-71240
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of kynurenine, a product of tryptophan degradation pathway. Kynurenine and its metabolites play important roles in the nervous system and also in immunity.
VPetri
2013-05-13T11:34:39Z
pathway
kynurenine metabolic process
PW:0001282
kynurenine metabolic pathway
Those enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization or degradation of kynurenine, a product of tryptophan degradation pathway. Kynurenine and its metabolites play important roles in the nervous system and also in immunity.
GO:0070189
PMID:21744051
PMID:22139324
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of tyrosine. In mammals, it is derived from phenylalanine or from diet. In plants, it is produced as part of the chorismate pathway, the end branch point of the shikimate pathway.
VPetri
2013-05-13T11:48:30Z
pathway
tyrosine biosynthetic process
PW:0001283
tyrosine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of tyrosine. In mammals, it is derived from phenylalanine or from diet. In plants, it is produced as part of the chorismate pathway, the end branch point of the shikimate pathway.
GO:0006571
PMID:20817774
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation and/or conversion of tyrosine, a non-essential amino acid. Tyrosine is the precursor of several neurotransmitters and hormones. Tyrosine can also be degraded to acetoacetate and fumarate. In plants, tyrosine is the precursor of several families of secondary metabolites.
VPetri
2013-05-13T12:01:22Z
pathway
Tyrosine catabolism
tyrosine catabolic process
PW:0001284
tyrosine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation and/or conversion of tyrosine, a non-essential amino acid. Tyrosine is the precursor of several neurotransmitters and hormones. Tyrosine can also be degraded to acetoacetate and fumarate. In plants, tyrosine is the precursor of several families of secondary metabolites.
GO:0006572
PMID:20817774
Reactome:R-HSA-8963684
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of valine, an essential amino acid for humans. Plants synthesize valine from pyruvic acid via a number of steps.
VPetri
2013-05-13T12:36:05Z
pathway
valine biosynthetic process
PW:0001285
valine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of valine, an essential amino acid for humans. Plants synthesize valine from pyruvic acid via a number of steps.
GO:0009099
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of valine, a branched-chain essential amino acid.
VPetri
2013-05-13T12:40:08Z
pathway
valine catabolic process
PW:0001286
valine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of valine, a branched-chain essential amino acid.
GO:0006574
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of phenylalanine, an essential amino acid for humans. In plants, the synthesis of aromatic amino acids is part of the chorismate pathway, the end branch point of the shikimate pathway.
VPetri
2013-05-13T12:42:31Z
pathway
L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process
PW:0001287
phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of phenylalanine, an essential amino acid for humans. In plants, the synthesis of aromatic amino acids is part of the chorismate pathway, the end branch point of the shikimate pathway.
GO:0009094
PMID:20817774
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation and/or conversion of phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine, which is in turn a precursor for a number of neurotransmitters and hormones. In plants, phenylalanine serves as a precursor for a large number of functional secondary metabolites.
VPetri
2013-05-13T12:42:59Z
pathway
L-phenylalanine catabolic process
PW:0001288
phenylalanine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation and/or conversion of phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine, which is in turn a precursor for a number of neurotransmitters and hormones. In plants, phenylalanine serves as a precursor for a large number of functional secondary metabolites.
GO:0006559
PMID:20817774
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of carotenes, collectively referring to several related unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds that are synthesized by plants. Some are vitamin precursors, such as the beta-carotene precursor of vitamin A.
VPetri
2013-05-13T12:52:07Z
pathway
carotene metabolic process
PW:0001289
carotene metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of carotenes, collectively referring to several related unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds that are synthesized by plants. Some are vitamin precursors, such as the beta-carotene precursor of vitamin A.
GO:0016119
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotene
Those metabolic reactions involved ion the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lycopene - a carotene and phytochemical found in red fruits and vegetables.
VPetri
2013-05-13T13:00:59Z
pathway
lycopene metabolic process
PW:0001290
lycopene metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved ion the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lycopene - a carotene and phytochemical found in red fruits and vegetables.
GO:1901175
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycopene
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of lycopene, a carotene and phytochemical found in red fruits and vegetables. Plants and bacteria have the ability to synthesize lycopene.
VPetri
2013-05-13T13:03:31Z
pathway
lycopene biosynthetic process
PW:0001291
lycopene biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of lycopene, a carotene and phytochemical found in red fruits and vegetables. Plants and bacteria have the ability to synthesize lycopene.
GO:1901177
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?object=Lycopene-Biosynthesis
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of carotenes, several related unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds that are synthesized by plants. Some are vitamin precursors, such as the beta-carotene precursor of vitamin A.
VPetri
2013-05-13T13:07:34Z
pathway
carotene biosynthetic process
PW:0001292
carotene biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of carotenes, several related unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds that are synthesized by plants. Some are vitamin precursors, such as the beta-carotene precursor of vitamin A.
GO:0016120
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of carotenes.
VPetri
2013-05-13T13:07:52Z
pathway
carotene catabolic process
PW:0001293
carotene degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of carotenes.
GO:0016121
Eicosanoids, derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, are represented by the leukotriene and prostanoid classes of which the latter is represented by several families. Some can act as endogenous ligands for members of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). Once activated, PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and modulate the expression of target genes.
VPetri
2013-05-13T13:46:40Z
pathway
PW:0001294
eicosanoid signaling pathway
true
Eicosanoids, derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, are represented by the leukotriene and prostanoid classes of which the latter is represented by several families. Some can act as endogenous ligands for members of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). Once activated, PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and modulate the expression of target genes.
PMID:17132851
Leukotriene are eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. One such source is arachidonic acid metabolism via the 5-lipoxygenase-mediated route. Leukotriene signaling plays a major role in inflammation.
VPetri
2013-05-14T11:35:27Z
pathway
PW:0001295
leukotriene signaling pathway
Leukotriene are eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. One such source is arachidonic acid metabolism via the 5-lipoxygenase-mediated route. Leukotriene signaling plays a major role in inflammation.
GO:0061737
PMID:12955468
PMID:17132851
Prostanoids are eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids and represented by several families. One such source is the arachidonic acid metabolism via the cyclooxygenase mediated route. Several categories of prostanoids can be generated and signaling via several receptor types elicits a range of physiological responses. Historically, they are viewed as mediators of inflammation.
VPetri
2013-05-14T12:36:29Z
pathway
PW:0001296
prostanoid signaling pathway
Prostanoids are eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids and represented by several families. One such source is the arachidonic acid metabolism via the cyclooxygenase mediated route. Several categories of prostanoids can be generated and signaling via several receptor types elicits a range of physiological responses. Historically, they are viewed as mediators of inflammation.
PMID:12955468
PMID:17132851
PMID:23063076
Prostaglandins are one of several families of prostanoids, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Of the several prostaglandins, prostaglandin E2 signaling via four distinct receptors mediates a broad range of physiological effects. Others include prostaglandin D2 with various central nervous system (CNS) activities and prostaglandin I2 or prostacyclin with important vascular functions.
VPetri
2013-05-14T12:40:57Z
pathway
PW:0001297
prostaglandin signaling pathway
Prostaglandins are one of several families of prostanoids, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Of the several prostaglandins, prostaglandin E2 signaling via four distinct receptors mediates a broad range of physiological effects. Others include prostaglandin D2 with various central nervous system (CNS) activities and prostaglandin I2 or prostacyclin with important vascular functions.
PMID:12955468
PMID:23063076
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of trehalose - a disaccharide synthesized by bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates. It has important roles in plant development and it represents the energy storage that insects use for flight. It is believed to be involved in the ability of plants and animals to withstand long periods of desiccation or anhydrobiosis.
VPetri
2013-05-14T12:52:29Z
pathway
mycose metabolic pathway
trehalose metabolic process
tremalose metabolic pathway
PW:0001298
trehalose metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of trehalose - a disaccharide synthesized by bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates. It has important roles in plant development and it represents the energy storage that insects use for flight. It is believed to be involved in the ability of plants and animals to withstand long periods of desiccation or anhydrobiosis.
GO:0005991
PMID:22140246
Those metabolic reactions involved on the synthesis of trehalose, a disaccharide found in bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates.
VPetri
2013-05-14T13:14:46Z
pathway
mycose biosynthetic pathway
trehalose biosynthetic process
tremalose biosynthetic pathway
PW:0001299
trehalose biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved on the synthesis of trehalose, a disaccharide found in bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates.
GO:0005992
PMID:22140246
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of trehalose. While the synthesis of trehalose does not take place in vertebrates, the catabolic route of its metabolism does occur.
VPetri
2013-05-14T13:20:57Z
pathway
mycose degradation pathway
trehalose catabolic process
tremalose degradation pathway
PW:0001300
trehalose degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of trehalose. While the synthesis of trehalose does not take place in vertebrates, the catabolic route of its metabolism does occur.
GO:0005993
SMP:00467
http://pathman.smpdb.ca/pathways/SMP00467/pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of methionine. As an essential amino acid, methionine can not be synthesized by humans. Its synthesis takes place in plants and microorganisms.
VPetri
2013-05-14T13:45:19Z
pathway
methionine biosynthetic process
PW:0001301
methionine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of methionine. As an essential amino acid, methionine can not be synthesized by humans. Its synthesis takes place in plants and microorganisms.
GO:0009086
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methionine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of methionine. In higher organisms methionine is either recycled via the remethylation pathways or is converted to cysteine via the transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine metabolism. In fungi, plants and bacteria, methionine can be processed to compounds such as methionol and/or 2-oxobutanoate.
VPetri
2013-05-14T13:56:22Z
pathway
methionine catabolic process
PW:0001302
methionine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of methionine. In higher organisms methionine is either recycled via the remethylation pathways or is converted to cysteine via the transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine metabolism. In fungi, plants and bacteria, methionine can be processed to compounds such as methionol and/or 2-oxobutanoate.
GO:0009087
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?object=METHIONINE-DEG
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of steroids.
VPetri
2013-05-14T14:10:01Z
pathway
Metabolism of steroids
steroid metabolic process
PW:0001303
steroid metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of steroids.
GO:0008202
Reactome:R-HSA-8957322
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cholesterol, an essential component of cell membranes and lipid rafts and the precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones and bile acids.
VPetri
2013-05-14T14:11:34Z
pathway
cholesterol metabolic process
PW:0001304
cholesterol metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cholesterol, an essential component of cell membranes and lipid rafts and the precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones and bile acids.
GO:0008203
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of steroid hormones.
VPetri
2013-05-14T14:14:55Z
pathway
Metabolism of steroid hormones
PW:0001305
steroid hormone metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of steroid hormones.
Reactome:R-HSA-196071
VPetri
2013-05-14T14:34:13Z
pathway
PW:0001306
altered steroid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylcholine, an essential component of membranes.
VPetri
2013-05-14T15:31:03Z
pathway
phosphatidylcholine metabolic process
PW:0001307
phosphatidylcholine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylcholine, an essential component of membranes.
GO:0046470
PMID:15749057
PMID:18204095
VPetri
2013-05-14T15:42:25Z
pathway
PW:0001308
respiratory system disease pathway
Abscisic acid is a plant isoprenoid hormone important for development and stress responses.
VPetri
2013-05-20T11:34:20Z
pathway
abscisic acid metabolic process
PW:0001309
abscisic acid metabolic pathway
Abscisic acid is a plant isoprenoid hormone important for development and stress responses.
GO:0009687
PMID:22442388
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of abscisic acid, an important plant isoprenoid hormone.
VPetri
2013-05-20T11:45:49Z
pathway
abscisic acid biosynthetic process
PW:0001310
abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of abscisic acid, an important plant isoprenoid hormone.
GO:0009688
PMID:22442388
Sulfur, mostly found as inorganic sulfate, can be taken up by plants, microorganisms and algae. Upon reduction to sulfide, it is then incorporated into bioinorganic compounds. The underlying reactions and interactions constitute the sulfate assimilation pathway, best characterized in plants.
VPetri
2013-05-20T12:47:08Z
pathway
sulfate assimilation
PW:0001311
sulfate assimilation pathway
Sulfur, mostly found as inorganic sulfate, can be taken up by plants, microorganisms and algae. Upon reduction to sulfide, it is then incorporated into bioinorganic compounds. The underlying reactions and interactions constitute the sulfate assimilation pathway, best characterized in plants.
GO:0000103
PMID:19876632
Nodal of the Nodal signaling pathway belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and plays important roles during vertebrate embryogenesis, where it is involved in pattern formation and differentiation.
VPetri
2013-05-20T14:12:57Z
pathway
Signaling by NODAL
PW:0001312
Nodal signaling pathway
Nodal of the Nodal signaling pathway belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and plays important roles during vertebrate embryogenesis, where it is involved in pattern formation and differentiation.
GO:0038092
PMID:16838294
Reactome:R-HSA-1181150
VPetri
2013-05-21T12:51:49Z
pathway
PW:0001313
transcription pathway via transcription factor mediated signaling
VPetri
2013-05-21T12:54:31Z
pathway
PW:0001314
altered transcription pathway via transcription factor mediated signaling
Those metabolic reactions involving ascaroside, a glycolipid containing the sugar ascarylose, found in nematodes.
VPetri
2013-05-21T13:47:21Z
pathway
ascaroside metabolic process
PW:0001315
ascaroside metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving ascaroside, a glycolipid containing the sugar ascarylose, found in nematodes.
GO:1904069
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of ascaroside - a glycolipid containing the sugar ascarylose, found in nematodes.
VPetri
2013-05-21T13:48:54Z
pathway
ascaroside biosynthetic process
PW:0001316
ascaroside biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of ascaroside - a glycolipid containing the sugar ascarylose, found in nematodes.
GO:1904070
The series of events, collectively known as the cell cycle, that underlie the replication of the genome and the segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. The mitotic cell cycle pathway underlies the generation of new cells. The meiotic cell cycle pathway is a special type of cell division that takes place in germ cells.
VPetri
2013-05-22T09:56:40Z
pathway
Cell Cycle
PW:0001317
cell cycle pathway
The series of events, collectively known as the cell cycle, that underlie the replication of the genome and the segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. The mitotic cell cycle pathway underlies the generation of new cells. The meiotic cell cycle pathway is a special type of cell division that takes place in germ cells.
GO:0007049
Handbook:Essential_Cell_Biology
Reactome:R-HSA-1640170
The series of events that take place in the germ cells resulting in the production of four non-identical haploid cells from each diploid cell that enters the cycle. Meiosis involves chromosomal pairing and exchange of DNA segments or recombination.
VPetri
2013-05-22T10:19:26Z
pathway
Meiosis
meiotic cell cycle process
PW:0001318
cell cycle pathway, meiotic
The series of events that take place in the germ cells resulting in the production of four non-identical haploid cells from each diploid cell that enters the cycle. Meiosis involves chromosomal pairing and exchange of DNA segments or recombination.
GO:1903046
Handbook:Essential_cell_Biology
Reactome:R-HSA-1500620
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of toxic secondary metabolites, known as mycotoxins, produced by some fungi, such as Fusarium. The mycotoxins they produce in cereal crops, such as species of fumonisins and trichothecenes, can affect humans and animals if present in food.
VPetri
2013-05-22T11:17:23Z
pathway
mycotoxin biosynthetic pathway
PW:0001319
toxic secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of toxic secondary metabolites, known as mycotoxins, produced by some fungi, such as Fusarium. The mycotoxins they produce in cereal crops, such as species of fumonisins and trichothecenes, can affect humans and animals if present in food.
GO:0043386
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycotoxin
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by members of the fungal genus Fusarium.
VPetri
2013-05-22T11:30:53Z
pathway
fumonisin biosynthetic process
PW:0001320
fumonisin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by members of the fungal genus Fusarium.
GO:1900541
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of trichothecene mycotoxins by members of Fusarium fungi.
VPetri
2013-05-22T11:31:27Z
pathway
PW:0001321
trichothecene biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of trichothecene mycotoxins by members of Fusarium fungi.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of deoxynivalenol, a type B trichothecene produced by members of the fungal genus Fusarium.
VPetri
2013-05-22T11:36:22Z
DON biosynthetic pathway
pathway
vomitoxin biosynthetic pathway
vomitoxin biosynthetic process
PW:0001322
deoxynivalenol biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of deoxynivalenol, a type B trichothecene produced by members of the fungal genus Fusarium.
GO:0106110
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxynivalenol
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C09747
The translation pathway that takes place in the mitochondrion. The mitochondrial translation pathway utilizes 22 tRNAs which are encoded in the mitochondrial genome. The mitochondrial genome also encodes 2 ribosomal genes. A small set of mitochondrially-encoded proteins is translated in the mitochondrion. Most others are nuclear genes, synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and then targeted to the organelle.
VPetri
2013-05-22T13:11:07Z
pathway
Mitochondrial translation
PW:0001323
mitochondrial translation pathway
The translation pathway that takes place in the mitochondrion. The mitochondrial translation pathway utilizes 22 tRNAs which are encoded in the mitochondrial genome. The mitochondrial genome also encodes 2 ribosomal genes. A small set of mitochondrially-encoded proteins is translated in the mitochondrion. Most others are nuclear genes, synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and then targeted to the organelle.
GO:0032543
PMID:22258151
PMID:22729854
Reactome:R-HSA-5368287
Aminoacyl-tRNA, or transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to ribosomes and is part of the translation pathway. tRNAs are specific for the amino acids with which they are associated. Their synthesis involves adenylation of the amino acid followed by its transfer; both steps require ATP. There are 22 tRNA genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Mutations in these genes have been implicated in a number of disorders and may affect various steps of tRNA biosynthesis.
VPetri
2013-05-22T13:16:35Z
pathway
Mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation
tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation
PW:0001324
mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthetic pathway
Aminoacyl-tRNA, or transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to ribosomes and is part of the translation pathway. tRNAs are specific for the amino acids with which they are associated. Their synthesis involves adenylation of the amino acid followed by its transfer; both steps require ATP. There are 22 tRNA genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Mutations in these genes have been implicated in a number of disorders and may affect various steps of tRNA biosynthesis.
GO:0070127
PMID:22258151
Reactome:R-HSA-379726
VPetri
2013-05-22T13:40:51Z
pathway
PW:0001325
mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis pathway
VPetri
2013-05-22T13:59:43Z
pathway
PW:0001326
altered mitochondrial translation pathway
Mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA genes are associated with a number of disorders. These mutations may affect steps in the biosynthesis of tRNA.
VPetri
2013-05-22T14:01:41Z
pathway
PW:0001327
altered mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthetic pathway
Mutations in the mitochondrial tRNA genes are associated with a number of disorders. These mutations may affect steps in the biosynthesis of tRNA.
PMID:22258151
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of uridine diphosphate glucose, a nucleotide sugar.
VPetri
2013-05-22T14:27:01Z
UDP-glucose metabolic pathway
pathway
UDP-glucose metabolic process
PW:0001328
uridine diphosphate glucose metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of uridine diphosphate glucose, a nucleotide sugar.
GO:0006011
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDP-glucose
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of guanosine diphosphate mannose, a nucleotide sugar.
VPetri
2013-05-22T14:32:54Z
pathway
PW:0001329
guanosine diphosphate mannose metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of guanosine diphosphate mannose, a nucleotide sugar.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDP-mannose
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products is a multi-ligand receptor whose signaling engages several downstream cascades. In addition to its pro-inflammatory role in innate immunity, it is also involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. It has been associated with a range of pathological states.
VPetri
2013-05-22T14:54:54Z
RAGE signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0001330
receptor for advanced glycation end-products signaling pathway
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products is a multi-ligand receptor whose signaling engages several downstream cascades. In addition to its pro-inflammatory role in innate immunity, it is also involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. It has been associated with a range of pathological states.
PMID:23103427
RNA polymerase II transcription elongation commences when the nascent transcript reaches about 25 residues. Some general transcription factors are released and the RNA polymerase II carries out elongation of the pre-mRNA transcript and proofreading. Various regulators control early elongation, proximal promoter pausing and full elongation proceedings. Nascent mRNA processing, splicing and alternative splicing are co-occurring.
VPetri
2013-06-03T09:19:50Z
pathway
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II promoter
PW:0001331
RNA polymerase II transcription elongation pathway
RNA polymerase II transcription elongation commences when the nascent transcript reaches about 25 residues. Some general transcription factors are released and the RNA polymerase II carries out elongation of the pre-mRNA transcript and proofreading. Various regulators control early elongation, proximal promoter pausing and full elongation proceedings. Nascent mRNA processing, splicing and alternative splicing are co-occurring.
GO:0006368
PMID:22975042
PMID:23000482
PMID:23046879
Reactome:R-HSA-75955
Termination of transcription is important for partitioning the genome and maintaining adequate expression of neighboring genes.
VPetri
2013-06-03T09:39:46Z
pathway
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Termination
termination of RNA polymerase II transcription
PW:0001332
RNA polymerase II transcription termination pathway
Termination of transcription is important for partitioning the genome and maintaining adequate expression of neighboring genes.
GO:0006386
PMID:21487437
Reactome:R-HSA-73856
The transcription of mitochondrial DNA which encodes several genes involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway as well as the ribosomal and transfer RNA genes involved in their translation.
VPetri
2013-06-03T09:44:20Z
pathway
Transcription from mitochondrial promoters
mitochondrial transcription
PW:0001333
mitochondrial transcription pathway
The transcription of mitochondrial DNA which encodes several genes involved in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway as well as the ribosomal and transfer RNA genes involved in their translation.
GO:0006390
PMID:23632312
Reactome:R-HSA-75944
Non-coding RNA are functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. In addition to ribosomal and transfer RNA involved in protein translation many other small and long RNA are transcribed with important roles in the regulation of gene expression.
VPetri
2013-06-03T10:07:22Z
pathway
PW:0001334
non-coding RNA pathway
Non-coding RNA are functional RNA molecules that are not translated into proteins. In addition to ribosomal and transfer RNA involved in protein translation many other small and long RNA are transcribed with important roles in the regulation of gene expression.
http://www.cell.com/issue?pii=S0092-8674%2813%29X0007-8
Long non-coding RNA, of which there are several types, perform important regulatory roles whose function and mechanism are under investigation.
VPetri
2013-06-03T10:15:04Z
pathway
PW:0001335
long non-coding RNA pathway
Long non-coding RNA, of which there are several types, perform important regulatory roles whose function and mechanism are under investigation.
PMID:23463798
CDP-choline is one of the three distinct pathways of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. A second has been better studied in yeast while the third has only been identified in certain bacteria.
VPetri
2013-06-03T11:26:24Z
pathway
CDP-choline pathway
Kennedy pathway
PW:0001336
CDP-choline pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis
CDP-choline is one of the three distinct pathways of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. A second has been better studied in yeast while the third has only been identified in certain bacteria.
GO:0006657
PMID:15749057
Chromatin modification/remodeling plays a major role in the epigenetic control of gene expression. The dynamics of chromatin structure impacts on DNA replication, transcription and repair pathways. It includes the covalent modification of histones and DNA and the actions carried out by the ATP-dependent remodelers.
VPetri
2013-06-03T13:05:36Z
pathway
PW:0001337
chromatin modification/remodeling pathway
Chromatin modification/remodeling plays a major role in the epigenetic control of gene expression. The dynamics of chromatin structure impacts on DNA replication, transcription and repair pathways. It includes the covalent modification of histones and DNA and the actions carried out by the ATP-dependent remodelers.
PMID:21655945
PMID:22203491
PMID:23085398
PMID:23524488
The tails of histone proteins are subject to a wide array of modifications of which methylation and acetylation have been more thoroughly documented. The modified residues are recognized by particular proteins or readers, in turn acting upon their targets. The modifications are rendered reversible by the enzymes that carry out the reaction in the opposite direction, also referred to as erasers.
VPetri
2013-06-03T14:06:55Z
pathway
histone modification
PW:0001338
histone modification pathway
The tails of histone proteins are subject to a wide array of modifications of which methylation and acetylation have been more thoroughly documented. The modified residues are recognized by particular proteins or readers, in turn acting upon their targets. The modifications are rendered reversible by the enzymes that carry out the reaction in the opposite direction, also referred to as erasers.
GO:0016570
PMID:21655945
PMID:22203491
PMID:23085398
Chromatin remodelers are large complexes that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to promote nucleosome sliding, ejection or repositioning, and histone exchange. Currently, there are four different families of chromatin remodeling complexes.
VPetri
2013-06-03T14:14:26Z
pathway
chromatin remodeling
PW:0001339
chromatin remodeling pathway
Chromatin remodelers are large complexes that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to promote nucleosome sliding, ejection or repositioning, and histone exchange. Currently, there are four different families of chromatin remodeling complexes.
GO:0006338
PMID:19355820
PMID:21655945
PMID:22203491
PMID:23085398
PMID:23524488
DNA modification is a component of the chromatin modification pathway. At least four DNA modification types are known. The modifications are recognized by specific readers and removed by eraser enzymes.
VPetri
2013-06-03T14:57:25Z
pathway
DNA modification
PW:0001340
DNA modification pathway
DNA modification is a component of the chromatin modification pathway. At least four DNA modification types are known. The modifications are recognized by specific readers and removed by eraser enzymes.
GO:0006304
PMID:22894577
A chromatin remodeling/modification pathway that deviate from what its normal course should be. Aberrant chromatin remodeling and modification has been associated with various conditions, particularly cancer.
VPetri
2013-06-03T15:02:51Z
pathway
PW:0001341
altered chromatin remodeling/modification pathway
A chromatin remodeling/modification pathway that deviate from what its normal course should be. Aberrant chromatin remodeling and modification has been associated with various conditions, particularly cancer.
PMID:23127546
PMID:23524488
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of sucrose. The disaccharide is synthesized by plants and cyanobacteria.
VPetri
2013-06-04T11:18:11Z
pathway
sucrose biosynthetic process
PW:0001342
sucrose biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of sucrose. The disaccharide is synthesized by plants and cyanobacteria.
GO:0005986
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylglycerol. The molecule is a glycerophospholipid found in pulmonary surfactant.
VPetri
2013-06-04T11:47:01Z
pathway
phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
PW:0001343
phosphatidylglycerol metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylglycerol. The molecule is a glycerophospholipid found in pulmonary surfactant.
GO:0046471
PMID:21382416
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cardiolipin. The molecule is derived from phosphatidylglycerol as an immature cardiolipin, and further remodeled by phospholipases. Cardiolipin is important for a range of mitochondrial functions.
VPetri
2013-06-04T12:16:45Z
pathway
cardiolipin metabolic process
PW:0001344
cardiolipin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cardiolipin. The molecule is derived from phosphatidylglycerol as an immature cardiolipin, and further remodeled by phospholipases. Cardiolipin is important for a range of mitochondrial functions.
GO:0032048
PMID:22014644
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cardiolipin, a molecule important for mitochondrial function.
VPetri
2013-06-04T12:31:05Z
pathway
Synthesis of CL
cardiolipin biosynthetic process
PW:0001345
cardiolipin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cardiolipin, a molecule important for mitochondrial function.
GO:0032049
PMID:22014644
Reactome:R-HSA-1483076
The pathways involved in the absorption and efflux of cholesterol.
VPetri
2013-06-04T12:45:55Z
pathway
cholesterol transport
PW:0001346
cholesterol transport pathway
The pathways involved in the absorption and efflux of cholesterol.
GO:0030301
PMID:17495606
PMID:20809793
VPetri
2013-06-04T12:49:29Z
pathway
PW:0001347
altered cholesterol transport pathway
Those pathways that mediate the uptake and transport of ions. Ion transport can be passive (facilitated) or active.
VPetri
2013-06-04T12:59:08Z
pathway
ion transport
PW:0001348
ion transport pathway
Those pathways that mediate the uptake and transport of ions. Ion transport can be passive (facilitated) or active.
GO:0006811
The transport pathways of elements in group 1, 14, 15, 16 and 17 of the periodic table.
VPetri
2013-06-04T13:21:34Z
pathway
PW:0001349
non-metal ion transport pathway
The transport pathways of elements in group 1, 14, 15, 16 and 17 of the periodic table.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetal
The transport pathway of chloride ion as carried out by chloride channels and transporters in cell and organelles.
VPetri
2013-06-04T13:30:44Z
pathway
PW:0001350
chloride ion transport pathway
The transport pathway of chloride ion as carried out by chloride channels and transporters in cell and organelles.
PMID:20100480
VPetri
2013-06-04T13:37:02Z
pathway
PW:0001351
altered non-metal ion transport pathway
VPetri
2013-06-04T13:37:22Z
pathway
PW:0001352
altered metal ion transport pathway
VPetri
2013-06-04T13:38:51Z
pathway
PW:0001353
altered ion transport pathway
A chloride ion transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant chloride ion transport have been implicated in diseases. For instance, mutations in the ABC type transporter that functions as both a chloride channel and as a regulator of other transport pathways, have been implicated in two genetic disorders of which one is cystic fibrosis.
VPetri
2013-06-04T13:39:34Z
pathway
PW:0001354
altered chloride ion transport pathway
A chloride ion transport pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant chloride ion transport have been implicated in diseases. For instance, mutations in the ABC type transporter that functions as both a chloride channel and as a regulator of other transport pathways, have been implicated in two genetic disorders of which one is cystic fibrosis.
PMID:20100480
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling is initiated in response to binding several compounds within classes of lipids such as the eicosanoids, leukotrienes and prostagladins, among others. The receptors form heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor, bind to specific DNA elements and regulate the expression of target genes. Deregulation of the pathway has been implicated in several conditions.
VPetri
2013-06-05T08:45:28Z
PPAR signaling pathway
pathway
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway
PW:0001355
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling is initiated in response to binding several compounds within classes of lipids such as the eicosanoids, leukotrienes and prostagladins, among others. The receptors form heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor, bind to specific DNA elements and regulate the expression of target genes. Deregulation of the pathway has been implicated in several conditions.
GO:0035357
PMID:17132851
PMID:17317294
Deregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling can affect innate immunity and play a role in metabolic diseases.
VPetri
2013-06-05T09:29:37Z
altered PPAR signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0001356
altered peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway
Deregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling can affect innate immunity and play a role in metabolic diseases.
PMID:22704720
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of coenzyme A, important for fatty acid, pyruvate and citric acid metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2013-06-06T10:13:36Z
pathway
coenzyme A metabolic process
PW:0001357
coenzyme A metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of coenzyme A, important for fatty acid, pyruvate and citric acid metabolic pathways.
GO:0015936
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_A
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of coenzyme A. The five-step reaction pathway requires pantothenate (vitamin B5) and cysteine as precursors.
VPetri
2013-06-06T10:18:42Z
pathway
Coenzyme A biosynthesis
coenzyme A biosynthetic process
PW:0001358
coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of coenzyme A. The five-step reaction pathway requires pantothenate (vitamin B5) and cysteine as precursors.
GO:0015937
PMID:11923312
Reactome:R-HSA-196783
A nucleotide excision repair pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Defects in this repair pathway have been associated with cancer and premature aging.
VPetri
2013-06-10T09:38:04Z
pathway
altered NER pathway
PW:0001359
altered nucleotide excision repair pathway
A nucleotide excision repair pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Defects in this repair pathway have been associated with cancer and premature aging.
PMID:22824526
The response mechanism/pathways that assure the maintenance of genomic integrity. This involves detection of DNA damage, signaling and amplification of the signal leading to activation of effectors and resulting in repair of damage, cell cycle arrest or, if necessary, cell death. Such response mechanism/pathways may operate collectively with some of their components being shared.
VPetri
2013-06-11T11:03:38Z
pathway
DDR pathway
PW:0001360
DNA damage response pathway
The response mechanism/pathways that assure the maintenance of genomic integrity. This involves detection of DNA damage, signaling and amplification of the signal leading to activation of effectors and resulting in repair of damage, cell cycle arrest or, if necessary, cell death. Such response mechanism/pathways may operate collectively with some of their components being shared.
PMID:19847258
The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) serine/threonine kinase mediated signaling plays a major role in the response to DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Following lesion sensing by the MRN complex, ATM gets activated. Active ATM phosphorylates itself and targets resulting in triggering of DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint and signaling pathways. While ATM signaling is best documented for its role in DSB responses, evidence accumulates that it functions in a range of other, DNA damage unrelated, responses.
VPetri
2013-06-11T11:25:06Z
ATM signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0001361
ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) signaling pathway
The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) serine/threonine kinase mediated signaling plays a major role in the response to DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Following lesion sensing by the MRN complex, ATM gets activated. Active ATM phosphorylates itself and targets resulting in triggering of DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint and signaling pathways. While ATM signaling is best documented for its role in DSB responses, evidence accumulates that it functions in a range of other, DNA damage unrelated, responses.
PMID:23486281
PMID:23532176
The ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) serine/threonine kinase mediated signaling responds to several kinds of DNA damage, of which single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) exerts a key role. ssDNAs are induced by stressed replication forks. ATR acting on its substrates prevents the cell from erroneous mitotic entry, plays a key role in interstrand cross link (ICL) repair pathway and also exerts important regulatory roles in homologous recombination pathway of double-strand break repair.
VPetri
2013-06-11T11:25:59Z
ATR signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0001362
ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) signaling pathway
The ATM and Rad3-related (ATR) serine/threonine kinase mediated signaling responds to several kinds of DNA damage, of which single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) exerts a key role. ssDNAs are induced by stressed replication forks. ATR acting on its substrates prevents the cell from erroneous mitotic entry, plays a key role in interstrand cross link (ICL) repair pathway and also exerts important regulatory roles in homologous recombination pathway of double-strand break repair.
PMID:20947357
PMID:21615334
PMID:22417748
Those metabolic reactions involving lactose, a disaccharide found in milk.
VPetri
2013-06-11T13:14:11Z
pathway
lactose metabolic process
PW:0001363
lactose metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving lactose, a disaccharide found in milk.
GO:0005988
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose
The breaking down of lactose to its constituent sugars.
VPetri
2013-06-11T13:17:06Z
pathway
lactose catabolic process
PW:0001364
lactose degradation pathway
The breaking down of lactose to its constituent sugars.
GO:0005990
SMP:00457
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose
Toxic secondary metabolites, also known as mycotoxins, are natural toxins produced by organisms that belong to the fungi kingdom. They can contaminate crops and if ingested, they can cause sickness or death.
VPetri
2013-06-11T13:37:37Z
pathway
mycotoxin metabolic pathway
mycotoxin metabolic process
PW:0001365
toxic secondary metabolite metabolic pathway
Toxic secondary metabolites, also known as mycotoxins, are natural toxins produced by organisms that belong to the fungi kingdom. They can contaminate crops and if ingested, they can cause sickness or death.
GO:0043385
PMID:18258326
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, transport and/or degradation of aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are potent toxic secondary metabolites that contaminate grain and nut crops. Of the four types, aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic one.
VPetri
2013-06-11T13:46:23Z
pathway
aflatoxin metabolic process
PW:0001366
aflatoxin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, transport and/or degradation of aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are potent toxic secondary metabolites that contaminate grain and nut crops. Of the four types, aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic one.
GO:0046222
PMID:19010433
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, transport and/or degradation of fumonisins. These are mycotoxins produced by the fungal genus Fusarium that contaminate crops worldwide, mainly corn.
VPetri
2013-06-11T14:09:22Z
pathway
fumonisin metabolic process
PW:0001367
fumonisin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, transport and/or degradation of fumonisins. These are mycotoxins produced by the fungal genus Fusarium that contaminate crops worldwide, mainly corn.
GO:1900539
VPetri
2013-06-11T14:09:45Z
pathway
PW:0001368
trichothecene metabolic pathway
The shikimate pathway is the metabolic route for the production of aromatic amino acids in plants. Seven reactions catalyzed by six enzymes result in the production of chorismate, the major branch point metabolite. Chorismate is the precursor for the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine.
VPetri
2013-06-19T09:13:02Z
pathway
shikimate metabolic process
PW:0001369
shikimate metabolic pathway
The shikimate pathway is the metabolic route for the production of aromatic amino acids in plants. Seven reactions catalyzed by six enzymes result in the production of chorismate, the major branch point metabolite. Chorismate is the precursor for the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine.
GO:0019632
PMID:20817774
Chorismate, the major branch point metabolite of the shikimate pathway, is the precursor for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine in plants.
VPetri
2013-06-19T09:31:50Z
pathway
chorismate metabolic process
PW:0001370
chorismate metabolic pathway
Chorismate, the major branch point metabolite of the shikimate pathway, is the precursor for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine in plants.
GO:0046417
PMID:20817774
Basic helix-loop-helix proteins represent a large superfamily of transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in growth and development as well as environmental responses. Phylogenetically, they are classified into six clades of which the sixth, also referred to as clade F only contains plant genes.
VPetri
2013-06-19T11:06:19Z
pathway
PW:0001371
basic helix-loop-helix signaling pathway
Basic helix-loop-helix proteins represent a large superfamily of transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in growth and development as well as environmental responses. Phylogenetically, they are classified into six clades of which the sixth, also referred to as clade F only contains plant genes.
PMID:20219281
The inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) family belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix superfamily of transcription factor that regulate cell growth and differentiation. They lack the DNA binding domain and exert their gene expression regulatory function through the interaction with other transcription factors. They also appear to play a role in malignant biology; in neural cancers, deregulated activity has been associated with tumor progression.
VPetri
2013-06-19T11:37:26Z
ID signaling pathway
pathway
PW:0001372
Inhibitor of DNA binding signaling pathway
The inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) family belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix superfamily of transcription factor that regulate cell growth and differentiation. They lack the DNA binding domain and exert their gene expression regulatory function through the interaction with other transcription factors. They also appear to play a role in malignant biology; in neural cancers, deregulated activity has been associated with tumor progression.
PMID:15013218
PMID:15530557
An inhibitor of DNA signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. In neural cancers, deregulated activity of the pathway has been associated with tumor progression.
VPetri
2013-06-19T12:12:02Z
pathway
PW:0001373
altered inhibitor of DNA binding signaling pathway
An inhibitor of DNA signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. In neural cancers, deregulated activity of the pathway has been associated with tumor progression.
PMID:15013218
A basic helix-loop-helix signaling pathway that deviates from its normal course should be.
VPetri
2013-06-19T12:21:30Z
pathway
PW:0001374
altered basic helix-loop-helix signaling pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from precursors such as nicotinamide, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide riboside, collectively known as vitamin B3 or niacin.
VPetri
2013-06-19T12:47:03Z
NAD biosynthesis, the salvage pathway
pathway
NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway
Nicotinamide salvaging
PW:0001375
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, the salvage pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from precursors such as nicotinamide, nicotinic acid or nicotinamide riboside, collectively known as vitamin B3 or niacin.
GO:0034356
PMID:18020963
PMID:20007326
PMID:26785480
Reactome:R-HSA-197264
Methane oxidation by methanotrophs produces formaldehyde which is assimilated to form metabolites subsequently used for the biosynthesis of multi-carbon compounds. Two pathways of formaldehyde assimilation are known. Both pathways are cyclic.
VPetri
2013-06-19T12:54:29Z
pathway
formaldehyde assimilation
PW:0001376
formaldehyde assimilation pathway
Methane oxidation by methanotrophs produces formaldehyde which is assimilated to form metabolites subsequently used for the biosynthesis of multi-carbon compounds. Two pathways of formaldehyde assimilation are known. Both pathways are cyclic.
GO:0019649
http://www.biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=PWY-1861
The serine pathway is one of two pathways of formaldehyde assimilation resulting in a three-carbon intermediate.
VPetri
2013-06-19T13:00:01Z
pathway
PW:0001377
serine pathway of formaldehyde assimilation
The serine pathway is one of two pathways of formaldehyde assimilation resulting in a three-carbon intermediate.
http://www.biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=PWY-1861
The RuMP pathway, or RuMP cycle, is one of two pathways of formaldehyde assimilation resulting in a three-carbon intermediate.
VPetri
2013-06-19T13:25:58Z
RuMP cycle of formaldehyde assimilation
pathway
PW:0001378
RuMP pathway of formaldehyde assimilation
The RuMP pathway, or RuMP cycle, is one of two pathways of formaldehyde assimilation resulting in a three-carbon intermediate.
http://www.biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=PWY-1861
Those metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation of octane and found in some bacteria. The final product can be utilized as a source of carbon and energy.
VPetri
2013-06-19T13:32:23Z
pathway
PW:0001379
octane oxidation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation of octane and found in some bacteria. The final product can be utilized as a source of carbon and energy.
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=P221-PWY
Those metabolic reactions involved in the deamination pathway of glutamate degradation that is found in microorganisms and plants. It results in ammonia and the 2-oxoglutarate compound which is fed into the citric acid cycle.
VPetri
2013-06-19T14:06:34Z
pathway
PW:0001380
glutamate degradation pathway I
Those metabolic reactions involved in the deamination pathway of glutamate degradation that is found in microorganisms and plants. It results in ammonia and the 2-oxoglutarate compound which is fed into the citric acid cycle.
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=GLUTAMATE-DEG1-PWY
Those metabolic reactions involved in the glutamate degradation pathway II found in certain bacteria.
VPetri
2013-06-19T14:10:31Z
pathway
PW:0001381
glutamate degradation pathway II
Those metabolic reactions involved in the glutamate degradation pathway II found in certain bacteria.
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=GLUTDEG-PWY
Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway III which proceeds via 4-aminobutanoate (GABA) and is found in humans and other mammals.
VPetri
2013-06-19T14:23:45Z
pathway
GABA shunt pathway
PW:0001382
glutamate degradation pathway III
Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway III which proceeds via 4-aminobutanoate (GABA) and is found in humans and other mammals.
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=GLUTDEG-PWY
Those metabolic reaction involved in glutamate degradation pathway IV. It proceeds via 4-aminobutanoate (GABA), like degradation pathway III, but is found in plants.
VPetri
2013-06-19T14:27:40Z
pathway
PW:0001383
glutamate degradation pathway IV
Those metabolic reaction involved in glutamate degradation pathway IV. It proceeds via 4-aminobutanoate (GABA), like degradation pathway III, but is found in plants.
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=PWY-4321
Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway V, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. Glutamate degradation pathway V proceeds via hydroxyglutarate and is one of the major pathways of glutamate fermentation.
VPetri
2013-06-19T14:35:18Z
pathway
PW:0001384
glutamate degradation pathway V
Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway V, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. Glutamate degradation pathway V proceeds via hydroxyglutarate and is one of the major pathways of glutamate fermentation.
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=P162-PWY
Certain anaerobic bacteria are capable of fermenting amino acids. While at least one fermentation pathway is known for every amino acid, several have been reported for glutamate.
VPetri
2013-06-19T15:15:10Z
pathway
anaerobic glutamate catabolic process
PW:0001385
glutamate fermentation pathway
Certain anaerobic bacteria are capable of fermenting amino acids. While at least one fermentation pathway is known for every amino acid, several have been reported for glutamate.
GO:0019670
PMID:11759672
Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway VII, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. It is a methylaspartate pathway and a major route of glutamate fermentation, together with degradation pathway VI and VIII.
VPetri
2013-06-19T15:24:31Z
pathway
PW:0001386
glutamate degradation pathway VII
Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway VII, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. It is a methylaspartate pathway and a major route of glutamate fermentation, together with degradation pathway VI and VIII.
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=GLUDEG-II-PWY
Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway VI, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. It is a methylaspartate pathway and a major route of glutamate fermentation, together with degradation pathway VII and VIII.
VPetri
2013-06-19T15:24:53Z
pathway
PW:0001387
glutamate degradation pathway VI
Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway VI, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. It is a methylaspartate pathway and a major route of glutamate fermentation, together with degradation pathway VII and VIII.
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=PWY-5087
Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway VIII, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. It is a methylaspartate pathway and a major route of glutamate fermentation, together with degradation pathway VI and VII.
VPetri
2013-06-19T15:49:47Z
pathway
PW:0001388
glutamate degradation pathway VIII
Those metabolic reactions involved in glutamate degradation pathway VIII, a fermentation pathway of glutamate degradation. It is a methylaspartate pathway and a major route of glutamate fermentation, together with degradation pathway VI and VII.
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=PWY-5088
VPetri
2013-06-19T15:55:54Z
pathway
PW:0001389
glutamate degradation pathway IX
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of starch, a carbohydrate produced by all green plants as an energy store.
VPetri
2013-06-20T09:20:52Z
pathway
starch biosynthetic process
PW:0001390
starch biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of starch, a carbohydrate produced by all green plants as an energy store.
GO:0019252
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of starch and cellulose, two similar polymers produced and used by green plants. Both are made from glucose repeat units that differ in their orientation.
VPetri
2013-06-20T09:24:14Z
pathway
PW:0001391
starch and cellulose metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of starch and cellulose, two similar polymers produced and used by green plants. Both are made from glucose repeat units that differ in their orientation.
http://pslc.ws/macrog/starlose.htm
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cellulose, an important structural component of cell walls of green plants, many forms of algae and some fungus-like microorganisms.
VPetri
2013-06-20T09:32:33Z
pathway
cellulose biosynthetic process
PW:0001392
cellulose biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of cellulose, an important structural component of cell walls of green plants, many forms of algae and some fungus-like microorganisms.
GO:0030244
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of starch and cellulose, two related polymers.
VPetri
2013-06-20T09:32:56Z
pathway
PW:0001393
starch and cellulose biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of terpene and terpenoid, large classes of related organic compounds. Modified terpenes, via oxidation or re-arrangement of the carbon skeleton, the resulting compounds are generally referred to as terpenoids.
VPetri
2013-06-20T14:12:23Z
pathway
PW:0001394
terpene and terpenoid biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of terpene and terpenoid, large classes of related organic compounds. Modified terpenes, via oxidation or re-arrangement of the carbon skeleton, the resulting compounds are generally referred to as terpenoids.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpene
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of terpenes, a large class or organic compounds produced by a variety of plants and some insects.
VPetri
2013-06-20T14:16:34Z
pathway
terpene biosynthetic process
PW:0001395
terpene biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of terpenes, a large class or organic compounds produced by a variety of plants and some insects.
GO:0046246
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpene
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes, a class of terpenes composed of two isoprene units.
VPetri
2013-06-20T14:18:52Z
pathway
monoterpene biosynthetic process
PW:0001396
monoterpene biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes, a class of terpenes composed of two isoprene units.
GO:0043693
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpene
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of terpene and terpenoid, large classes of related organic compounds.
VPetri
2013-06-20T14:21:16Z
pathway
PW:0001397
terpene and terpenoid metabolic pathway
VPetri
2013-06-20T14:23:32Z
pathway
PW:0001398
terpene and terpenoid degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of terpenes, a large class or organic compounds produced by a variety of plants and some insects.
VPetri
2013-06-20T14:24:06Z
pathway
terpene catabolic process
PW:0001399
terpene degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of terpenes, a large class or organic compounds produced by a variety of plants and some insects.
GO:0046247
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of terpenoids, a large class or organic compounds produced by a variety of plants and some insects.
VPetri
2013-06-20T14:24:24Z
pathway
terpenoid catabolic process
PW:0001400
terpenoid degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of terpenoids, a large class or organic compounds produced by a variety of plants and some insects.
GO:0016115
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of diterpenes, a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units.
VPetri
2013-06-20T14:27:06Z
pathway
diterpenoid biosynthetic process
PW:0001401
diterpene biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of diterpenes, a class of terpenes composed of four isoprene units.
GO:0016102
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpene
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of momilactone - a diterpene produced by rice. Momilactone A and B can act as potent phytoalexins and allelochemicals
VPetri
2013-06-20T14:31:15Z
pathway
PW:0001402
momilactone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of momilactone - a diterpene produced by rice. Momilactone A and B can act as potent phytoalexins and allelochemicals
PMID:21620514
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momilactone_B
The pathway of chromatin - DNA and constituent histones, modification mediated by writers and recognized by readers which in turn, act upon their effectors. The modifications are removed by erasers. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories are known to be implicated in cancer.
VPetri
2013-06-25T10:34:08Z
pathway
PW:0001403
chromatin modification pathway
The pathway of chromatin - DNA and constituent histones, modification mediated by writers and recognized by readers which in turn, act upon their effectors. The modifications are removed by erasers. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories are known to be implicated in cancer.
PMID:22770212
PMID:22894577
A chromatin modification pathway that deviate from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories of chromatin modification have been implicated in cancer.
VPetri
2013-06-25T10:51:36Z
pathway
PW:0001404
altered chromatin modification pathway
A chromatin modification pathway that deviate from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories of chromatin modification have been implicated in cancer.
PMID:22894577
A chromatin remodeling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in members of the various chromatin remodeling families have been implicated in cancer.
VPetri
2013-06-25T10:58:35Z
pathway
PW:0001405
altered chromatin remodeling pathway
A chromatin remodeling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in members of the various chromatin remodeling families have been implicated in cancer.
PMID:22894577
The SWI/SNF (switching defective/sucrose nonfermenting) family of remodelers has initially been purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In mammals, two complexes are comprised of one of two mutually exclusive catalytic ATPase subunits along with a set of conserved core subunits and variant subunits. The SWI/SNF is involved in nucleosome sliding and ejection. Deregulation of pathway is associated with several human cancers.
VPetri
2013-06-25T13:27:31Z
pathway
PW:0001406
SWI/SNF family mediated chromatin remodeling pathway
The SWI/SNF (switching defective/sucrose nonfermenting) family of remodelers has initially been purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In mammals, two complexes are comprised of one of two mutually exclusive catalytic ATPase subunits along with a set of conserved core subunits and variant subunits. The SWI/SNF is involved in nucleosome sliding and ejection. Deregulation of pathway is associated with several human cancers.
PMID:19355820
PMID:21654818
PMID:23355908
The ISWI (imitation switch) family of remodelers has initially been purified from Drosophila melanogaster. Eukaryotes assemble several ISWI complexes using one or two different catalytic subunits. Many complexes function to promote chromatin assembly and repression of transcription. Overall, the pathway is important for DNA replication and repair along with the regulation of transcription.
VPetri
2013-06-25T13:37:13Z
pathway
PW:0001407
ISWI family mediated chromatin remodeling pathway
The ISWI (imitation switch) family of remodelers has initially been purified from Drosophila melanogaster. Eukaryotes assemble several ISWI complexes using one or two different catalytic subunits. Many complexes function to promote chromatin assembly and repression of transcription. Overall, the pathway is important for DNA replication and repair along with the regulation of transcription.
PMID:19355820
The INO80 (inositol requiring 80) family of remodelers has been initially purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It promotes transcriptional activation and DNA repair.
VPetri
2013-06-25T13:45:06Z
pathway
PW:0001408
INO80 family mediated chromatin remodeling pathway
The INO80 (inositol requiring 80) family of remodelers has been initially purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It promotes transcriptional activation and DNA repair.
PMID:19355820
The CHD (chromodomain, helicase, DNA binding) family of remodelers has initially been purified from Xenopus laevis. Some CHD remodelers are involved in sliding and ejection of nucleosome to promote transcription while others may have repressive roles.
VPetri
2013-06-25T13:49:53Z
pathway
PW:0001409
CHD family mediated chromatin remodeling pathway
A DNA modification pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories of DNA modification have been implicated in several developmental abnormalities and human malignancies.
VPetri
2013-06-25T14:06:48Z
pathway
PW:0001410
altered DNA modification pathway
A DNA modification pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories of DNA modification have been implicated in several developmental abnormalities and human malignancies.
PMID:22770212
A histone modification pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories of several types of histone modification have been implicated in various forms of cancer.
VPetri
2013-06-25T14:09:30Z
pathway
PW:0001411
altered histone modification pathway
A histone modification pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in the writer, reader or eraser categories of several types of histone modification have been implicated in various forms of cancer.
PMID:22770212
Any disease that affects the central or peripheral nervous system. It includes disorders of the brain, neurological, neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular disorders, syndromes, dystrophies, diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, and others. However, mental or neuropsychiatric disorders are not included.
VPetri
2013-07-01T09:53:15Z
pathway
PW:0001412
nervous system disease pathway
Any disease that affects the central or peripheral nervous system. It includes disorders of the brain, neurological, neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular disorders, syndromes, dystrophies, diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, and others. However, mental or neuropsychiatric disorders are not included.
MeSH:D009422
The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the liver.
VPetri
2013-07-01T10:08:33Z
pathway
PW:0001413
liver disease pathway
The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the liver.
MeSH:D008107
The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the brain, including but not limited to the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus, brain stem, cerebellum.
VPetri
2013-07-01T10:10:37Z
pathway
PW:0001414
brain disease pathway
The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the brain, including but not limited to the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus, brain stem, cerebellum.
MeSH:MeSH_descriptor
A cerebro-hepato-renal phenotype caused by mutations in genes involved in the peroxisome biogenesis pathway.
VPetri
2013-07-01T10:12:52Z
cerebrohepatorenal syndrome pathway
congenital iron overload pathway
peroxisome biogenesis disorder pathway
pathway
SMP:00316
PW:0001415
Zellweger syndrome pathway
A cerebro-hepato-renal phenotype caused by mutations in genes involved in the peroxisome biogenesis pathway.
PMID:22871920
PMID:24607700
A neurometabolic disorder affecting the central nervous system, caused by defects in mitochondrial and/or nuclear genes involved in energy metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2013-07-01T10:17:22Z
Infantile necrotizing encephalomyelopathy pathway
Leigh syndrome pathway
juvenile subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy pathway
subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy pathway
pathway
SMP:00196
PW:0001416
Leigh disease pathway
A neurometabolic disorder affecting the central nervous system, caused by defects in mitochondrial and/or nuclear genes involved in energy metabolic pathways.
PMID:22273117
PMID:23772060
A rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by degeneration of the nervous system due to white matter vacuolization and demeylination. It results from defects in ASPA, aspartoacylase gene involved in several amino acid metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2013-07-01T10:30:56Z
Canavan-Van Bogaert-Bertrand disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00175
PW:0001417
Canavan disease pathway
A rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by degeneration of the nervous system due to white matter vacuolization and demeylination. It results from defects in ASPA, aspartoacylase gene involved in several amino acid metabolic pathways.
PMID:16647192
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abciximab, an integrin receptor antagonist used as a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T11:09:26Z
pathway
PW:0001418
abciximab drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abciximab, an integrin receptor antagonist used as a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:23580774
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abciximab
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of abciximab, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T11:13:54Z
pathway
PW:0001419
abciximab pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of abciximab, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:23580774
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abciximab
The pathway of abciximab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Abciximab is an antagonist of the integrin alpha2b/beta3 complex found on platelets. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T11:15:29Z
pathway
SMP:00265
PW:0001420
abciximab pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of abciximab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Abciximab is an antagonist of the integrin alpha2b/beta3 complex found on platelets. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:23580774
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abciximab
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of kanamycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T11:51:37Z
pathway
PW:0001421
kanamycin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of kanamycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanamycin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of kanamycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T12:02:46Z
pathway
PW:0001422
kanamycin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of kanamycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanamycin
The pathway of kanamycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Kanamycin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis and is used in the treatment of several infections caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T12:04:30Z
pathway
SMP:00255
PW:0001423
kanamycin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of kanamycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Kanamycin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis and is used in the treatment of several infections caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanamycin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of neviparine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T12:10:20Z
pathway
PW:0001424
neviparine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of neviparine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/search/pathwaysByCategory.action#pathwayCategories:981478748
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of neviparine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T12:30:46Z
pathway
SMP:00642
PW:0001425
neviparine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of neviparine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA165950411
The pathway of neviaparine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Neviparine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV type. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T12:31:48Z
pathway
SMP:00743
PW:0001426
neviparine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of neviaparine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Neviparine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV type. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA165950411
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amikacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It is used for the treatment of infections induced by Gram-negative bacteria. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T12:53:28Z
pathway
PW:0001427
amikacin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amikacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It is used for the treatment of infections induced by Gram-negative bacteria. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amikacin
http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J01GB06
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of amikacin, an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections induced by Gram-negative bacteria. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T12:55:58Z
pathway
PW:0001428
amikacin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of amikacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Amikacin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis and is used for the treatment of infections induced by Gram-negative bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T12:57:16Z
pathway
SMP:00253
PW:0001429
amikacin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase enzyme inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV type 1 and 2 and Hepatitis B virus. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T13:09:51Z
pathway
PW:0001430
lamivudine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase enzyme inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV type 1 and 2 and Hepatitis B virus. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA165860384
http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J05AF05
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for the treatment of several virally induced diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T13:12:34Z
pathway
SMP:00649
PW:0001431
lamivudine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for the treatment of several virally induced diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA165860384
The pathway of lamivudine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Lamivudine is a a reverse transcriptase enzyme inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV typ1 and 2 and Hepatitis B. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T13:17:12Z
pathway
SMP:00742
PW:0001432
lamivudine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of lamivudine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Lamivudine is a a reverse transcriptase enzyme inhibitor used for the treatment of HIV typ1 and 2 and Hepatitis B. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.pharmgkb.org/pathway/PA165860384
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gentamicin, an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. The drug can cause inner ear and kidney problems. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-07-01T13:22:06Z
pathway
PW:0001433
gentamicin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gentamicin, an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. The drug can cause inner ear and kidney problems. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicin
The responses triggered by exposure to a toxin or a toxicant, a poisonous substance naturally produced by an organism or made by humans, respectively. A toxicant can be a poison, such as a pesticide. It can also be a compound for use in certain applications or a drug, the exposure to which may be toxic. Inflammatory responses, various types of cell death, changes in gene and protein expression can be induced upon exposure.
VPetri
2013-07-10T09:32:50Z
pathway
PW:0001434
toxin and toxicant response pathway
The responses triggered by exposure to a toxin or a toxicant, a poisonous substance naturally produced by an organism or made by humans, respectively. A toxicant can be a poison, such as a pesticide. It can also be a compound for use in certain applications or a drug, the exposure to which may be toxic. Inflammatory responses, various types of cell death, changes in gene and protein expression can be induced upon exposure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxin
A pathway triggered by exposure to a nanomaterial. Nanomaterials, such as fullerenes and inorganic nanoparticles are increasingly being used in a broad range of applications. However, in a dose-dependent manner, they may exert toxic effects that affect cellular pathways and processes and elicit defense mechanisms.
VPetri
2013-07-10T10:09:18Z
pathway
PW:0001435
nanomaterial response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to a nanomaterial. Nanomaterials, such as fullerenes and inorganic nanoparticles are increasingly being used in a broad range of applications. However, in a dose-dependent manner, they may exert toxic effects that affect cellular pathways and processes and elicit defense mechanisms.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomaterials
A pathway triggered by exposure to carbon nanotube (CNT), an allotrope of carbon of the fullerene structural family. CNTs have a very broad range of applications but can also exert toxic effects. Pulmonary toxicity possibly via reactive oxygen species, inhibition of potassium channels and DNA repair are some of the potential mechanisms of CNT genotoxicity. Various forms of cell death and inflammatory responses are triggered in response to CNT.
VPetri
2013-07-10T10:33:41Z
CNT response pathway
pathway
PW:0001436
carbon nanotube response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to carbon nanotube (CNT), an allotrope of carbon of the fullerene structural family. CNTs have a very broad range of applications but can also exert toxic effects. Pulmonary toxicity possibly via reactive oxygen species, inhibition of potassium channels and DNA repair are some of the potential mechanisms of CNT genotoxicity. Various forms of cell death and inflammatory responses are triggered in response to CNT.
PMID:22720979
PMID:23751779
PMID:23770455
A pathway triggered by exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-TiO2). Nano-TiO2 has a broad range of applications but studies indicate that under conditions of long and high dose exposure, it can exert cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Nano-TiO2 has been shown to induce inflammation, oxidative stress and MAP kinase activity.
VPetri
2013-07-10T13:08:48Z
nano-TiO2 response pathway
pathway
PW:0001437
titanium dioxide nanoparticle response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-TiO2). Nano-TiO2 has a broad range of applications but studies indicate that under conditions of long and high dose exposure, it can exert cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Nano-TiO2 has been shown to induce inflammation, oxidative stress and MAP kinase activity.
PMID:23380242
Those metabolic reactions involved in the uptake, modification and elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of compounds, members of which are potent mutagens and carcinogens. Metabolites of PAHs can form DNA adducts, considered a necessary step of their carcinogenic property.
VPetri
2013-07-10T13:58:48Z
PAH metabolic pathway
pathway
PW:0001438
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the uptake, modification and elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of compounds, members of which are potent mutagens and carcinogens. Metabolites of PAHs can form DNA adducts, considered a necessary step of their carcinogenic property.
PMID:15688365
PMID:21845152
A pathway triggered by exposure to cerium oxide nanoparticles, also known as nanoceria. Like other nanoparticles, nanoceria has a broad range of applications. A peculiar feature is the anti-oxidant property; by catalytically reacting with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, it mimics the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. In addition, beneficial effects on cell differentiation and dopamine production have been shown. However, toxic effects have also been demonstrated.
VPetri
2013-07-12T10:55:42Z
pathway
PW:0001439
cerium oxide nanoparticle response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to cerium oxide nanoparticles, also known as nanoceria. Like other nanoparticles, nanoceria has a broad range of applications. A peculiar feature is the anti-oxidant property; by catalytically reacting with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, it mimics the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. In addition, beneficial effects on cell differentiation and dopamine production have been shown. However, toxic effects have also been demonstrated.
PMID:19802857
PMID:21369578
PMID:23416263
PMID:23661146
Arthritis collectively describes several conditions whose primary feature is represented by joint pain resulting from inflammation.
VPetri
2013-07-12T11:28:49Z
arthritis disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001440
arthritis pathway
Arthritis collectively describes several conditions whose primary feature is represented by joint pain resulting from inflammation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis
A metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of uric acid calculi. Elements of the gout pathway potentially contributory to the disease are urate excretion by renal transporters where mutations in these genes can increase the risk of gout, hepatic production of urate, urate crystal formation in joints and initiation of the inflammatory response.
VPetri
2013-07-12T11:32:52Z
gout disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001441
gout pathway
The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from the deregulation of the immune system to which both genetic and environmental factors contribute. Alterations in pattern recognition receptor signaling, such as Toll-like or Nod and signaling downstream of them, among others, may contribute to and/or lead to the chronic inflammation characteristic of the condition. The main forms of IBD are Crohn's and ulcerative colitis.
VPetri
2013-07-24T11:11:48Z
IBD disease pathway
pathway
KEGG:05321
PW:0001442
inflammatory bowel disease pathway
The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from the deregulation of the immune system to which both genetic and environmental factors contribute. Alterations in pattern recognition receptor signaling, such as Toll-like or Nod and signaling downstream of them, among others, may contribute to and/or lead to the chronic inflammation characteristic of the condition. The main forms of IBD are Crohn's and ulcerative colitis.
PMID:20001899
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ezetimibe - a drug used to lower the plasma cholesterol level. Ezetimibe is a selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor used both as monotherapy and in combination with statins. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-26T09:32:29Z
pathway
Zetia drug pathway
PW:0001443
ezetimibe drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ezetimibe - a drug used to lower the plasma cholesterol level. Ezetimibe is a selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor used both as monotherapy and in combination with statins. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22910633
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ezetimibe, a selective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-26T09:33:54Z
pathway
Zetia pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0001444
ezetimibe pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ezetimibe, a selective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:22910633
The pathway of ezetimibe-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ezetimibe is a selective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption used both as monotherapy and in combination with statins. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-26T09:34:53Z
pathway
Zetia pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0001445
ezetimibe pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ezetimibe-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ezetimibe is a selective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption used both as monotherapy and in combination with statins. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22910633
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lomitapide, a drug used to lower cholesterol levels. Lomitapide is an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein used both as monotherapy and in combination with statins. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-26T09:40:28Z
pathway
PW:0001446
lomitapide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lomitapide, a drug used to lower cholesterol levels. Lomitapide is an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein used both as monotherapy and in combination with statins. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:21846156
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lomitapide, an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-26T09:41:08Z
pathway
PW:0001447
lomitapide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lomitapide, an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:21846156
The pathway of lomitapide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transport protein and used to lower cholesterol levels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-26T09:41:48Z
pathway
PW:0001448
lomitapide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of lomitapide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transport protein and used to lower cholesterol levels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:21846156
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nicotine, an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-28T13:57:46Z
pathway
SMP:00628
PW:0001449
nicotine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nicotine, an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:15734728
The pathway of nicotine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Nicotine is an agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and exerts stimulatory roles. It is also responsible for tobacco dependence. Prolonged exposure and high levels of nicotine can have toxic effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-28T13:58:07Z
pathway
SMP:00431
PW:0001450
nicotine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nicotine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Nicotine is an agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and exerts stimulatory roles. It is also responsible for tobacco dependence. Prolonged exposure and high levels of nicotine can have toxic effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:23933385
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of valproic acid, a branched short-chain fatty acid derived from valeric acid used as a mood-stabilizing drug and in the treatment of epilepsy. More recently it has also been found to inhibit the proliferation of cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-28T14:01:08Z
pathway
valproate drug pathway
PW:0001451
valproic acid drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of valproic acid, a branched short-chain fatty acid derived from valeric acid used as a mood-stabilizing drug and in the treatment of epilepsy. More recently it has also been found to inhibit the proliferation of cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22668241
PMID:23407051
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valproic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of valproic acid, a drug used as a mood-stabilizing and for the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-28T14:04:55Z
pathway
SMP:00635
valproate pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0001452
valproic acid pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of valproic acid, a drug used as a mood-stabilizing and for the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:23407051
The pathway of valproic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Valproic acid is used as a mood-stabilizing drug and in the treatment of epilepsy. More recently it has also been found to inhibit the proliferation of cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-28T14:05:32Z
pathway
valproate pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0001453
valproic acid pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of valproic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Valproic acid is used as a mood-stabilizing drug and in the treatment of epilepsy. More recently it has also been found to inhibit the proliferation of cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:23407051
Gaucher's disease is caused by defective sphingolipid metabolism and accumulation of glucosylceramide in the brain and other tissues.
VPetri
2013-08-28T14:20:47Z
Gaucher disease pathway
acid beta-glucosidase deficiency pathway
glocucerebrosidase deficiency pathway
glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase deficiency pathway
kerasin thesaurismosis pathway
lipoid histiocytosis (kerasin type) pathway
pathway
SMP:00349
PW:0001454
Gaucher's disease pathway
Gaucher's disease is caused by defective sphingolipid metabolism and accumulation of glucosylceramide in the brain and other tissues.
PMID:23563668
PMID:25345088
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of doxorubicin, a streptomyces metabolite used as a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancers. However, its use is limited by the serious cardiotoxic side effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-08-29T15:06:28Z
pathway
PW:0001455
doxorubicin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of doxorubicin, a streptomyces metabolite used as a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancers. However, its use is limited by the serious cardiotoxic side effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:21048526
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nystatin - a polyene antifungal drug used to treat yeast infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-09-05T17:25:49Z
pathway
PW:0001456
nystatin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nystatin - a polyene antifungal drug used to treat yeast infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystatin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination -of nystatin. Nystatin is an antifungal that binds to ergosterol - a component of the fungal cell membrane, and also with cholesterol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-09-05T17:29:29Z
pathway
PW:0001457
nystatin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination -of nystatin. Nystatin is an antifungal that binds to ergosterol - a component of the fungal cell membrane, and also with cholesterol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:16890501
PMID:21482707
The pathway of nystatin-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Nystatin interacts with both the fungal ergosterol and the host cholesterol but its afinity for ergosterol is higher. The interaction with cholesterol impacts on the uptake and activity of the anti-angiogenic endostatin.
VPetri
2013-09-05T17:29:50Z
pathway
PW:0001458
nystatin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nystatin-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Nystatin interacts with both the fungal ergosterol and the host cholesterol but its afinity for ergosterol is higher. The interaction with cholesterol impacts on the uptake and activity of the anti-angiogenic endostatin.
PMID:10991881
PMID:21482707
VPetri
2013-09-05T17:30:56Z
pathway
PW:0001459
amphotericin B drug pathway
VPetri
2013-09-05T17:31:28Z
pathway
PW:0001460
amphotericin B pharmacokinetics pathway
VPetri
2013-09-05T17:31:50Z
pathway
PW:0001461
amphotericin B pharmacodynamics pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Losartan is one of several angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonists and the first used on the market. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-09-20T15:43:56Z
pathway
PW:0001462
losartan drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Losartan is one of several angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonists and the first used on the market. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:21417956
PMID:23487168
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of losartan. The drug is an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-09-20T15:47:44Z
pathway
PW:0001463
losartan pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of losartan. The drug is an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:21417956
The pathway of losartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-09-20T15:48:11Z
pathway
SMP:00162
PW:0001464
losartan pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of losartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:23487168
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of clopidogrel, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-10-25T12:06:57Z
pathway
PW:0001465
clopidogrel drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of clopidogrel, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:15199474
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of clopidogrel. The drug is an inhibitor of ADP-dependent platelet activation and aggregation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-10-25T12:07:46Z
pathway
SMP:00610
PW:0001466
clopidogrel pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of clopidogrel. The drug is an inhibitor of ADP-dependent platelet activation and aggregation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:15199474
The pathway of clopidogrel-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of purinergic receptor P2RY12 a G-protein coupled receptor and chemoreceptor for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-10-25T12:08:38Z
pathway
SMP:00260
PW:0001467
clopidogrel pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of clopidogrel-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an inhibitor of purinergic receptor P2RY12 a G-protein coupled receptor and chemoreceptor for adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:15199474
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-10-25T12:10:23Z
pathway
PW:0001468
ibuprofen drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:9013378
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ibuprofen. The drug is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-10-25T12:11:46Z
pathway
SMP:00590
PW:0001469
ibuprofen pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ibuprofen. The drug is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:23218936
The pathway of ibuprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ibuprofen is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-10-25T12:12:46Z
pathway
SMP:00086
PW:0001470
ibuprofen pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ibuprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ibuprofen is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:19563267
An X-linked inherited metabolic disorder affecting the cerebrovascular system. It is caused by alterations in sphingolipid metabolic pathway.
VPetri
2013-10-25T12:14:03Z
pathway
PW:0001471
Fabry disease pathway, cerebrovascular
An X-linked inherited metabolic disorder affecting the cerebrovascular system. It is caused by alterations in sphingolipid metabolic pathway.
MeSH:C567062
Those diseases and disorders that are caused by deregulation of a metabolic pathway. It can be due to an inherited defect in an enzyme function and thus congenital, or acquired, when resulting from the failure or malfunctioning of an important metabolic organ.
VPetri
2013-10-31T09:47:09Z
pathway
Diseases of metabolism
PW:0001472
metabolic disease pathway
Those diseases and disorders that are caused by deregulation of a metabolic pathway. It can be due to an inherited defect in an enzyme function and thus congenital, or acquired, when resulting from the failure or malfunctioning of an important metabolic organ.
MeSH:D008659
Reactome:R-HSA-5668914
Those diseases and disorders that are caused by deregulation of lipid metabolic pathways. The condition(s) can be inherited or acquired.
VPetri
2013-10-31T09:58:02Z
pathway
PW:0001473
lipid metabolism disease pathway
Those diseases and disorders that are caused by deregulation of lipid metabolic pathways. The condition(s) can be inherited or acquired.
MeSH:D052439
Xanthomatosis results from deregulation of cholesterol metabolic pathways and is manifested by the formation of yellow, cholesterol-rich deposits. It is a rare, inherited condition and can affect several tissues.
VPetri
2013-10-31T10:04:06Z
xanthelasmatosis pathway
xanthomatosis disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001474
xanthomatosis pathway
Xanthomatosis results from deregulation of cholesterol metabolic pathways and is manifested by the formation of yellow, cholesterol-rich deposits. It is a rare, inherited condition and can affect several tissues.
MeSH:D014973
The cerebrotendinous type of xanthomatosis is caused by mutation in the CYP27A1 gene - a sterol hydrolase involved in the oxidation of side chain sterol intermediates. It affects many tissues, predominantly the brain and lungs.
VPetri
2013-10-31T10:12:50Z
cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis disease pathway
pathway
CTX disease pathway
SMP:00315
PW:0001475
cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis pathway
The cerebrotendinous type of xanthomatosis is caused by mutation in the CYP27A1 gene - a sterol hydrolase involved in the oxidation of side chain sterol intermediates. It affects many tissues, predominantly the brain and lungs.
MeSH:D019294
Those diseases present at birth and also before birth, or those that develop during the first month of life. Alteration(s) in one or several pathways can contribute to the development of the condition usually manifested in structural deformities.
VPetri
2013-10-31T10:45:04Z
pathway
congenital disorder pathway
PW:0001476
congenital disease pathway
Those diseases present at birth and also before birth, or those that develop during the first month of life. Alteration(s) in one or several pathways can contribute to the development of the condition usually manifested in structural deformities.
MeSH:Medical_Subject_Headings
Those diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during fetal development and that may be inherited from a parent or acquired in utero. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways that give rise to a broad spectrum of conditions affecting many types of organs and/or tissues.
VPetri
2013-10-31T10:54:45Z
pathway
PW:0001477
inborn genetic disease pathway
Those diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during fetal development and that may be inherited from a parent or acquired in utero. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways that give rise to a broad spectrum of conditions affecting many types of organs and/or tissues.
MeSH:D030342
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia pathway represents a group of inherited disorders of the adrenal glands that results from defects in several enzymes involved in steroid hormone metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2013-10-31T10:59:39Z
congenital adrenal hyperplasia disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001478
congenital adrenal hyperplasia pathway
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia pathway represents a group of inherited disorders of the adrenal glands that results from defects in several enzymes involved in steroid hormone metabolic pathways.
MeSH:D000312
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the most severe disorder of steroid hormone biosynthesis, is caused by a defect in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the first step in adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis. All affected individuals are phenotypic females with a severe salt-losing syndrome that is fatal if not treated in early infancy.
VPetri
2013-10-31T11:04:45Z
CLAH pathway
adrenal hyperplasia 1 pathway
congenital adrenal hyperplasia pathway
congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia pathway
lipoid CAH pathway
lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia disease pathway
pathway
LCAH disease pathway
SMP:00371
PW:0001479
lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia pathway
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the most severe disorder of steroid hormone biosynthesis, is caused by a defect in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the first step in adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis. All affected individuals are phenotypic females with a severe salt-losing syndrome that is fatal if not treated in early infancy.
https://www.omim.org/entry/201710
The active kinin peptides generated by the kallikrein-kinin cascade - bradykinin, kallidin and their C-terminal processed metabolites, signal via two G-protein coupled (GPCR) receptors. The two receptors employ similar signaling pathways but also exhibit distinct patterns. Type 1 receptor is inducible, type 2 is ubiquitous and can form heterodimers with angiotensin II receptors.
VPetri
2013-11-05T15:22:08Z
pathway
PW:0001480
kinin signaling pathway
The active kinin peptides generated by the kallikrein-kinin cascade - bradykinin, kallidin and their C-terminal processed metabolites, signal via two G-protein coupled (GPCR) receptors. The two receptors employ similar signaling pathways but also exhibit distinct patterns. Type 1 receptor is inducible, type 2 is ubiquitous and can form heterodimers with angiotensin II receptors.
PMID:16177542
The peripheral dopaminergic system is distinct from the neuronal one. In the kidney, dopamine signaling plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and accounts for ~50% of total water and sodium excretion. Both type1-like and 2-like receptors are expressed in the mammalian kidney. They couple to distinct G protein alpha subunits to elicit renal dopamine responses. Type 1-like may be responsible for many of dopamine effects.
VPetri
2013-11-08T09:04:30Z
pathway
PW:0001481
peripheral dopamine signaling pathway
The peripheral dopaminergic system is distinct from the neuronal one. In the kidney, dopamine signaling plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and accounts for ~50% of total water and sodium excretion. Both type1-like and 2-like receptors are expressed in the mammalian kidney. They couple to distinct G protein alpha subunits to elicit renal dopamine responses. Type 1-like may be responsible for many of dopamine effects.
PMID:22407378
PMID:23733636
A peripheral dopamine signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered peripheral dopamine signaling has been associated with elevated blood pressure in rodent models and with essential hypertension in certain populations.
VPetri
2013-11-08T09:19:05Z
pathway
PW:0001482
altered peripheral dopamine signaling pathway
A peripheral dopamine signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered peripheral dopamine signaling has been associated with elevated blood pressure in rodent models and with essential hypertension in certain populations.
PMID:22407378
A catecholamine signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
VPetri
2013-11-08T11:04:52Z
pathway
PW:0001483
altered catecholamine signaling pathway
An amino and amino acid-derived hormone signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
VPetri
2013-11-08T11:12:09Z
pathway
PW:0001484
altered amine and amino acid-derived hormone signaling pathway
The expanded network of losartan-interacting genes.
VPetri
2013-11-22T14:43:17Z
pathway
PW:0001485
losartan-gene, gene-chemical, gene-gene interaction pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to carbon tetrachloride, an organic compound used in several application. It is one oft he most potent hepatotoxins and has been banned in consumer products. In vivo studies using animal models show that exposure to carbon tetrachloride triggers the activity of several enzymes and the production of antioxidant molecules in a dose-dependent manner.
VPetri
2013-12-03T10:45:51Z
pathway
CCl4 response pathway
PW:0001486
carbon tetrachloride response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to carbon tetrachloride, an organic compound used in several application. It is one oft he most potent hepatotoxins and has been banned in consumer products. In vivo studies using animal models show that exposure to carbon tetrachloride triggers the activity of several enzymes and the production of antioxidant molecules in a dose-dependent manner.
PMID:10802213
PMID:15721980
A pathway triggered by exposure to ozone, a powerful oxidant with numerous industrial and consumer applications. However, it can induce tissue damage in animal and plants. Exposure to ozone induces the generation of free radicals, depletion of antioxidants and secretion of proinflammatory factors.
VPetri
2013-12-03T11:17:14Z
pathway
PW:0001487
ozone response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to ozone, a powerful oxidant with numerous industrial and consumer applications. However, it can induce tissue damage in animal and plants. Exposure to ozone induces the generation of free radicals, depletion of antioxidants and secretion of proinflammatory factors.
PMID:21824516
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin has also been shown to have a tumor suppressor function. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-12-17T09:44:50Z
pathway
PW:0001488
metformin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin has also been shown to have a tumor suppressor function. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22117616
PMID:22722338
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of metformin, an anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin is widely distributed in various tissues. Meformin is excreted unchanged and several transporters are involved in its tissue uptake and elimination. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2013-12-17T09:49:19Z
pathway
PW:0001489
metformin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of metformin, an anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin is widely distributed in various tissues. Meformin is excreted unchanged and several transporters are involved in its tissue uptake and elimination. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:22117616
PMID:22722338
The pathway of metformin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Metformin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the activation of AMPK signaling via molecular mechanisms that are not well understood. Mitochondria is the primary target of metformin which specifically inhibits complex I of the respiratory chain. The resulting change in AMP:ATP ratio can contribute to AMPK activation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2013-12-17T09:49:49Z
pathway
PW:0001490
metformin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of metformin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Metformin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the activation of AMPK signaling via molecular mechanisms that are not well understood. Mitochondria is the primary target of metformin which specifically inhibits complex I of the respiratory chain. The resulting change in AMP:ATP ratio can contribute to AMPK activation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22117616
PMID:22722338
The expanded network of metformin-interacting genes.
VPetri
2014-01-07T14:13:24Z
pathway
PW:0001491
metformin-gene, gene-chemical, gene-gene interaction pathway
VPetri
2014-01-29T16:17:27Z
pathway
PW:0001492
altered photosignal transduction pathway
VPetri
2014-01-29T16:18:36Z
pathway
PW:0001493
altered vitamin and vitamin metabolites signaling pathway
VPetri
2014-01-29T16:19:19Z
pathway
PW:0001494
altered vitamin A and metabolites signaling pathway
Alterations in the visual phototransduction signaling have been linked to a number conditions such as retinits pigmentosa (RP), Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), macular degeneration and others. More than 200 point mutations in rhodopsin account for ~25% of the autosomal dominant type of RP.
VPetri
2014-01-29T16:20:04Z
pathway
Diseases associated with visual transduction
PW:0001495
altered visual phototransduction pathway
Alterations in the visual phototransduction signaling have been linked to a number conditions such as retinits pigmentosa (RP), Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), macular degeneration and others. More than 200 point mutations in rhodopsin account for ~25% of the autosomal dominant type of RP.
PMID:20212494
PMID:23684651
Reactome:R-HSA-2474795
VPetri
2014-01-30T14:22:23Z
pathway
PW:0001496
sensory system disease pathway
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a common form of photoreceptor degeneration with a varied pattern of inheritance that includes autosomal dominant and recessive and X-linked forms. Mutations in components of the visual phototransduction and visual cycle (retinoid) metabolic pathways have been associated with RP manifestations. Other genes and potential miRNAs also play a role. A fraction of RP patients also have Usher syndrome which in addition to vision loss, also involves hearing loss.
VPetri
2014-01-30T14:22:53Z
pericentral pigmentary retinopathy pathway
pathway
PW:0001497
retinitis pigmentosa pathway
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a common form of photoreceptor degeneration with a varied pattern of inheritance that includes autosomal dominant and recessive and X-linked forms. Mutations in components of the visual phototransduction and visual cycle (retinoid) metabolic pathways have been associated with RP manifestations. Other genes and potential miRNAs also play a role. A fraction of RP patients also have Usher syndrome which in addition to vision loss, also involves hearing loss.
PMID:20212494
PMID:23684651
Alteration in the retinoid cycle, or the visual cycle, have been associated with retinitis pigmentosa and a few other forms of photoreceptor degeneration.
VPetri
2014-01-30T14:32:56Z
pathway
Retinoid cycle disease events
altered visual cycle metabolic pathway
PW:0001498
altered retinoid cycle metabolic pathway
Alteration in the retinoid cycle, or the visual cycle, have been associated with retinitis pigmentosa and a few other forms of photoreceptor degeneration.
PMID:20212494
PMID:23684651
Reactome:R-HSA-2453864
A retinoid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
VPetri
2014-01-30T14:38:48Z
pathway
Retinoid metabolism disease events
PW:0001499
altered retinoid metabolic pathway
A retinoid metabolic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
Reactome:R-HSA-6809583
VPetri
2014-01-31T12:49:12Z
pathway
PW:0001500
altered vitamin homeostasis
VPetri
2014-01-31T12:49:45Z
pathway
PW:0001501
altered vitamin A homeostasis
The mechanostransduction pathway involves the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into an electrical signal whose processing underlies proprioception, hearing, balance and touch. Auditory and cytoskeleton mechanotransduction are examples.
VPetri
2014-02-12T15:58:53Z
pathway
PW:0001502
mechanotransduction pathway
The mechanostransduction pathway involves the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into an electrical signal whose processing underlies proprioception, hearing, balance and touch. Auditory and cytoskeleton mechanotransduction are examples.
PMID:11842240
PMID:21304548
The auditory mechanotransduction pathway converts mechanical stimuli into electrical signaling that are processed by the brain and account for the perception of sound, gravity and movement. The inner ear contains the cochlea and the vestibule responsible for sound and movement mechanotransduction, respectively. The auditory mechanotransduction primarily depicts the sound generated responses by the hair cells in the organ of Corti.
VPetri
2014-02-12T16:05:12Z
pathway
PW:0001503
auditory mechanotransduction pathway
The auditory mechanotransduction pathway converts mechanical stimuli into electrical signaling that are processed by the brain and account for the perception of sound, gravity and movement. The inner ear contains the cochlea and the vestibule responsible for sound and movement mechanotransduction, respectively. The auditory mechanotransduction primarily depicts the sound generated responses by the hair cells in the organ of Corti.
PMID:19804752
Alterations in the auditory mechanotransduction pathway is associated with hearing impairment and deafness.
VPetri
2014-02-12T16:15:56Z
pathway
PW:0001504
altered auditory mechanotransduction pathway
Alterations in the auditory mechanotransduction pathway is associated with hearing impairment and deafness.
PMID:20955936
VPetri
2014-02-12T16:20:37Z
pathway
PW:0001505
altered mechanotransduction pathway
The Usher syndrome is characterized by both vision and hearing loss. One sixth of patients with retinitis pigmentosa also have Usher syndrome. Clinically, there are three types of Usher syndromes that vary in terms of severity and onset. The genes involved are located in inner ear hair cells and the connecting cilium of photoreceptor cells. Their associations with auditory mechanotransduction are better known but their roles in visual phototransduction and altered pathways are still to be delineated.
VPetri
2014-02-14T10:52:27Z
pathway
PW:0001506
Usher syndrome pathway
The Usher syndrome is characterized by both vision and hearing loss. One sixth of patients with retinitis pigmentosa also have Usher syndrome. Clinically, there are three types of Usher syndromes that vary in terms of severity and onset. The genes involved are located in inner ear hair cells and the connecting cilium of photoreceptor cells. Their associations with auditory mechanotransduction are better known but their roles in visual phototransduction and altered pathways are still to be delineated.
PMID:22311968
PMID:23701314
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of platinum (Pt) containing drugs, widely used in the treatment of cancer. These drugs introduce intra- and inter-strand DNA breaks. The DNA lesion and responses it triggers is toxic to tumor cells. However, it can also exert toxic side effects. Three Pt-containing drugs are being used and they vary in their efficacy and toxicity. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2014-02-26T10:07:43Z
pathway
PW:0001507
platinum (Pt) containing drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of platinum (Pt) containing drugs, widely used in the treatment of cancer. These drugs introduce intra- and inter-strand DNA breaks. The DNA lesion and responses it triggers is toxic to tumor cells. However, it can also exert toxic side effects. Three Pt-containing drugs are being used and they vary in their efficacy and toxicity. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:17084534
PMID:22986709
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of cisplatin, a platinum (Pt) containing drug widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. Cisplatin is the most potent of such drugs, it si also the one with the strongest toxic side effects. Nephorotoxicity and ototoxicity are among the primary toxic side effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2014-02-26T10:16:42Z
pathway
PW:0001508
cisplatin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of cisplatin, a platinum (Pt) containing drug widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. Cisplatin is the most potent of such drugs, it si also the one with the strongest toxic side effects. Nephorotoxicity and ototoxicity are among the primary toxic side effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:17084534
PMID:22986709
A pathway triggered by exposure to platinum (Pt) containing drugs used in the treatment of solid tumors. The DNA lesion they introduce is toxic to the tumor cells. However, they also exert powerful toxic side effects. Cisplatin, the most potent drug is also the most toxic followed by the less potent carboplatin.
vpetri
2014-02-26T10:23:49Z
pathway
PW:0001509
platinum (Pt) containing drug response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to platinum (Pt) containing drugs used in the treatment of solid tumors. The DNA lesion they introduce is toxic to the tumor cells. However, they also exert powerful toxic side effects. Cisplatin, the most potent drug is also the most toxic followed by the less potent carboplatin.
PMID:17084534
PMID:22986709
A pathway triggered by exposure to cisplatin, a widely used and very potent anti-cancer platinum containing drug. It is also the one with the most toxic side effects. Nephorotoxicity and ototoxicity are among the primary toxic side effects.
vpetri
2014-02-26T10:28:43Z
pathway
response to cisplatin
PW:0001510
cisplatin response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to cisplatin, a widely used and very potent anti-cancer platinum containing drug. It is also the one with the most toxic side effects. Nephorotoxicity and ototoxicity are among the primary toxic side effects.
GO:0072718
PMID:17084534
PMID:22986709
A pathway triggered by exposure to bisphenol A - a synthetic compound used in the production of plastics and certain resins. It mimics estrogen and has negative health effects with the early developmental stages being the more sensitive to its effects. It may be implicated in the etiology of several chronic diseases.
vpetri
2014-02-26T10:36:07Z
pathway
BPA response pathway
response to bisphenol A
PW:0001511
bisphenol A response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to bisphenol A - a synthetic compound used in the production of plastics and certain resins. It mimics estrogen and has negative health effects with the early developmental stages being the more sensitive to its effects. It may be implicated in the etiology of several chronic diseases.
GO:1903925
PMID:24382480
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of oxaliplatin, a platinum (Pt) containing drug widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. While less potent than cisplatin - the most potent of the platinum containing drugs, oxaliplatin is also less toxic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2014-02-26T11:28:09Z
pathway
PW:0001512
oxaliplatin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of oxaliplatin, a platinum (Pt) containing drug widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. While less potent than cisplatin - the most potent of the platinum containing drugs, oxaliplatin is also less toxic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22986709
PMID:23369220
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of carboplatin, a platinum (Pt) containing drug used in the treatment of solid tumors. It is not as effective as cisplatin and while exerting less severe side affects, it can lead to myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2014-02-26T12:00:08Z
pathway
PW:0001513
carboplatin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of carboplatin, a platinum (Pt) containing drug used in the treatment of solid tumors. It is not as effective as cisplatin and while exerting less severe side affects, it can lead to myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:17084534
PMID:22986709
A pathway triggered by exposure to carboplatin, a platinum containing drug used in the treatment of solid tumor. It is less potent than cisplatin but it can have serious toxic side effects such as myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia.
vpetri
2014-02-26T12:14:14Z
pathway
response to carboplatin
PW:0001514
carboplatin response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to carboplatin, a platinum containing drug used in the treatment of solid tumor. It is less potent than cisplatin but it can have serious toxic side effects such as myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia.
GO:0097328
PMID:17084534
PMID:22986709
The Hippo signaling pathway plays important roles in organ development and growth and tumor suppression. The pathway consists of a core of four kinases which once activated by upstream regulators promote the cytoplasmic sequestration of YAP/TAZ transcriptional regulators. Dysregulation of the pathway has been implicated in tumor metastasis.
VPetri
2014-03-19T11:27:29Z
pathway
Signaling by Hippo
hippo signaling
PW:0001515
Hippo signaling pathway
The Hippo signaling pathway plays important roles in organ development and growth and tumor suppression. The pathway consists of a core of four kinases which once activated by upstream regulators promote the cytoplasmic sequestration of YAP/TAZ transcriptional regulators. Dysregulation of the pathway has been implicated in tumor metastasis.
GO:0035329
PMID:23312716
PMID:23431053
PMID:26045258
Reactome:R-HSA-2028269
Organophosphates (OPs) represent one of the main classes of pesticides. However, they exert serious adverse effects, primarily affecting the cholinergic nervous system. OPs inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter in the nervous system and periphery.
VPetri
2014-03-19T11:40:32Z
pathway
PW:0001516
organophosphate response pathway
Organophosphates (OPs) represent one of the main classes of pesticides. However, they exert serious adverse effects, primarily affecting the cholinergic nervous system. OPs inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter in the nervous system and periphery.
PMID:16337171
A Hippo signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulated Hippo signaling has been implicated in tumor metastasis.
VPetri
2014-03-19T11:53:13Z
pathway
PW:0001517
altered Hippo signaling pathway
A Hippo signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Deregulated Hippo signaling has been implicated in tumor metastasis.
PMID:24336504
true
VPetri
2014-03-20T09:04:51Z
pathway
PW:0001519
glucose reduction pathway
The polyol pathway is triggered by excess glucose which is reduced to sorbitol in the first step which requires NADPH as a cofactor. Sorbitol is eventually converted to fructose. Sorbitol, which is membrane impermeable and metabolites of fructose which can lead to the production of AGEs (advance glycation endproduct), along with other pathways affected by a hyperglycemic state are thought to be associated with the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. The intermediate sorbitol in the pathway is a sugar alcohol; sugar alcohols are a class of polyols - alcohol molecules with multiple hydroxyl groups.
VPetri
2014-03-20T09:06:03Z
PW:0001518
pathway
sorbitol-aldose reductase pathway
PW:0001520
polyol pathway
The polyol pathway is triggered by excess glucose which is reduced to sorbitol in the first step which requires NADPH as a cofactor. Sorbitol is eventually converted to fructose. Sorbitol, which is membrane impermeable and metabolites of fructose which can lead to the production of AGEs (advance glycation endproduct), along with other pathways affected by a hyperglycemic state are thought to be associated with the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. The intermediate sorbitol in the pathway is a sugar alcohol; sugar alcohols are a class of polyols - alcohol molecules with multiple hydroxyl groups.
PMID:24373831
PMID:24563789
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of sugar alcohols. Sugar alcohols represent a class of polyols - alcohol molecules with multiple hydroxyl groups. They are used in place of table sugar and in combination with artificial sweeteners and while they can occur naturally, many are commercially produced.
VPetri
2014-03-20T12:30:08Z
pathway
PW:0001521
sugar alcohol metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of sugar alcohols. Sugar alcohols represent a class of polyols - alcohol molecules with multiple hydroxyl groups. They are used in place of table sugar and in combination with artificial sweeteners and while they can occur naturally, many are commercially produced.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_alcohol
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate - a mucopolysaccharide found primarily in skin but also in tendons, lungs, heart valves and blood vessels.
VPetri
2014-03-20T13:05:32Z
pathway
Dermatan sulfate biosynthesis
dermatan sulfate biosynthetic process
PW:0001522
dermatan sulfate biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate - a mucopolysaccharide found primarily in skin but also in tendons, lungs, heart valves and blood vessels.
GO:0030208
Reactome:R-HSA-2022923
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatan_sulfate
A pathway triggered by exposure to nicotine, the alkaloid found in tobacco and other plants. Nicotine can act as a stimulant and is an agonist of the ionotropic acetylcholine receptors, also known as nicotinic. Sustained exposure however has an inhibitory effect resulting in muscular paralysis, seizures, hypotension and respiratory failure. Some of the symptoms are reminiscent of organophosphate poisoning; organophosphates inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase leading to uncensored stimulation of both the nicotinic and the metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
VPetri
2014-03-28T10:56:10Z
pathway
PW:0001523
nicotine response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to nicotine, the alkaloid found in tobacco and other plants. Nicotine can act as a stimulant and is an agonist of the ionotropic acetylcholine receptors, also known as nicotinic. Sustained exposure however has an inhibitory effect resulting in muscular paralysis, seizures, hypotension and respiratory failure. Some of the symptoms are reminiscent of organophosphate poisoning; organophosphates inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase leading to uncensored stimulation of both the nicotinic and the metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
PMID:19426718
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of paracetamol, a widely used analgesic, known as acetaminophen (APAP). The analgesic effect is believed to be due to the inhibition of prostaglandins biosynthesis. Paracetamol overdose is associated with hepatic toxicity and a leading cause of liver failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2014-04-17T11:01:04Z
acetaminophen drug pathway
pathway
SMP:00710
PW:0001524
paracetamol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of paracetamol, a widely used analgesic, known as acetaminophen (APAP). The analgesic effect is believed to be due to the inhibition of prostaglandins biosynthesis. Paracetamol overdose is associated with hepatic toxicity and a leading cause of liver failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:23462933
PMID:23719833
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of paracetamol, a widely used analgesic known as acetaminophen. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2014-04-17T11:18:42Z
acetaminophen pharmacokinetics pathway
pathway
SMP:00640
PW:0001525
paracetamol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of paracetamol, a widely used analgesic known as acetaminophen. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:23462933
PMID:23719833
A pathway triggered by exposure to paracetamol, a widely used analgesic also known as acetaminophen. Paracetamol overdose is associated with hepatic toxicity and a leading cause of liver failure.
VPetri
2014-04-17T11:46:33Z
pathway
acetaminophen response pathway
PW:0001526
paracetamol response pathway
A pathway triggered by exposure to paracetamol, a widely used analgesic also known as acetaminophen. Paracetamol overdose is associated with hepatic toxicity and a leading cause of liver failure.
PMID:21296090
PMID:23719833
Thromboxane is one of several families of prostanoids, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Of the two thromboxane molecules, only A2 has activity. Thromboxane A2 signaling exerts vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregation roles. Its actions oppose those of prostaglandin I2, the other important prostanoid for cardiovascular system homeostasis.
VPetri
2014-04-18T11:05:02Z
pathway
Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor
thromboxane A2 signaling pathway
PW:0001527
thromboxane A2 signaling pathway
Thromboxane is one of several families of prostanoids, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Of the two thromboxane molecules, only A2 has activity. Thromboxane A2 signaling exerts vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregation roles. Its actions oppose those of prostaglandin I2, the other important prostanoid for cardiovascular system homeostasis.
GO:0038193
PMID:12955468
PMID:23063076
Reactome:R-HSA-428930
Prostacyclin is one of several families of prostanoids, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Prostacyclin, also known as prostaglandin I2 signaling engages one receptor to mediate a vasodilator effect and modulate immune responses.
VPetri
2014-04-18T11:27:01Z
pathway
PW:0001528
prostacyclin signaling pathway
true
Prostacyclin is one of several families of prostanoids, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Prostacyclin, also known as prostaglandin I2 signaling engages one receptor to mediate a vasodilator effect and modulate immune responses.
PMID:12955468
PMID:23063076
Prostagladin E2 is the most abundant product of prostaglandin biosynthesis via the cyclooxygenase mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid. It exerts a plethora of functions by activating four receptors of the G-protein coupled (GPCRs) family.
VPetri
2014-04-22T16:58:24Z
pathway
PW:0001529
prostaglandin E2 signaling pathway
Prostagladin E2 is the most abundant product of prostaglandin biosynthesis via the cyclooxygenase mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid. It exerts a plethora of functions by activating four receptors of the G-protein coupled (GPCRs) family.
PMID:23063076
Prostaglandin D2 signaling exerts important functions in the central nervous system (CNS) that among others, include the regulation of sleep and the perception of pain. The two D2 receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR).
VPetri
2014-04-22T16:58:44Z
pathway
SMP:00343
PW:0001530
prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway
Prostaglandin D2 signaling exerts important functions in the central nervous system (CNS) that among others, include the regulation of sleep and the perception of pain. The two D2 receptors are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR).
PMID:23063076
Prostaglandin I2 signaling exerts potent vasodilator and anti-thrombic effects. Its actions oppose those of thromboxane A2, the other prostanoid important for the cardiovascular system homeostasis.
VPetri
2014-04-22T16:59:22Z
prostacyclin signaling pathway
pathway
SMP:00354
PW:0001531
prostaglandin I2 signaling pathway
Prostaglandin I2 signaling exerts potent vasodilator and anti-thrombic effects. Its actions oppose those of thromboxane A2, the other prostanoid important for the cardiovascular system homeostasis.
PMID:23063076
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins - a class of eicosanoid prostanoids with several members, exerting a range of important functions in the immune and cardiovascular systems.
VPetri
2014-04-22T17:17:13Z
pathway
prostaglandin biosynthetic process
PW:0001532
prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins - a class of eicosanoid prostanoids with several members, exerting a range of important functions in the immune and cardiovascular systems.
GO:0001516
PMID:23063076
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of thromboxane - eicosanoid prostanoids essential for the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system.
VPetri
2014-04-22T17:20:14Z
pathway
PW:0001533
thromboxane biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of thromboxane - eicosanoid prostanoids essential for the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system.
PMID:23063076
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of prostacyclin, also known as prostaglandin I2. Prostacyclin and thromboxane play essential roles in cardiovascular system homeostasis.
VPetri
2014-04-22T17:21:52Z
pathway
PW:0001534
prostacyclin biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of prostacyclin, also known as prostaglandin I2. Prostacyclin and thromboxane play essential roles in cardiovascular system homeostasis.
PMID:23063076
Prostaglandin F2alpha signaling engages one receptor and plays important roles in mammalian reproduction.
VPetri
2014-04-24T13:14:05Z
pathway
PW:0001535
prostaglandin F2alpha signaling pathway
Prostaglandin F2alpha signaling engages one receptor and plays important roles in mammalian reproduction.
PMID:23063076
VPetri
2014-05-13T09:23:19Z
pathway
PW:0001536
sensory system signaling pathway
VPetri
2014-05-13T10:53:23Z
pathway
PW:0001537
altered tyrosine-specific protein kinase mediated signaling pathway
VPetri
2014-05-13T14:25:13Z
pathway
PW:0001538
altered cardiovascular system homeostasis pathway
The heterotrimer G proteins are transducers of G proteins coupled receptors (GPCRs). Many types of signals are received by the members of the large GPCR superfamily which then activate distinct G-proteins that route the signal to many and distinct intracellular signaling pathways.
VPetri
2014-05-13T15:02:07Z
pathway
PW:0001539
heterotrimeric G protein mediated signaling pathway
The heterotrimer G proteins are transducers of G proteins coupled receptors (GPCRs). Many types of signals are received by the members of the large GPCR superfamily which then activate distinct G-proteins that route the signal to many and distinct intracellular signaling pathways.
PMID:12040175
VPetri
2014-05-13T15:07:35Z
pathway
PW:0001540
altered Ras family mediated signaling pathway
VPetri
2014-05-13T15:11:58Z
pathway
PW:0001541
altered G protein mediated signaling pathway
Organismal aging represents the sum of impaired functions and pathways. It is associated with changes in homeostatic responses and circadian rhythm, mitochondrial stress and dysfunction.
VPetri
2014-05-14T10:51:04Z
pathway
PW:0001542
organismal aging pathway
Organismal aging represents the sum of impaired functions and pathways. It is associated with changes in homeostatic responses and circadian rhythm, mitochondrial stress and dysfunction.
PMID:24319642
PMID:24603155
VPetri
2014-05-14T13:32:54Z
pathway
PW:0001543
altered signaling pathway pertinent to immunity
VPetri
2014-05-14T13:44:25Z
pathway
PW:0001544
altered heterotrimeric G protein mediated signaling pathway
Alterations in the pathways and processes elicited in response to various cues/insults the organism perceives as threatening.
VPetri
2014-05-14T13:50:00Z
pathway
PW:0001545
altered stress response pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to alleviate pain and/or reduce fever. Examples include the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen and the widely used paracetamol, known as acetaminophen, among others.
VPetri
2014-05-14T15:55:49Z
pathway
PW:0001546
analgesic and/or antipyretic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to alleviate pain and/or reduce fever. Examples include the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen and the widely used paracetamol, known as acetaminophen, among others.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analgesic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipyretic
VPetri
2014-05-15T11:35:46Z
pathway
PW:0001547
endocrine system disease pathway
VPetri
2014-05-15T11:42:05Z
pathway
PW:0001548
diabetes complication pathway
VPetri
2014-05-15T11:48:28Z
pathway
PW:0001549
diabetic angiopathy pathway
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the brain, spinal cord or central nervous system and of nerve tissue such as neuroepithelial or neurectodermal.
VPetri
2014-05-15T14:15:31Z
pathway
nervous system and nerve tissue neoplasm pathway
PW:0001550
nervous system and nerve tissue cancer pathway
A general term grouping neoplastic pathways of the brain, spinal cord or central nervous system and of nerve tissue such as neuroepithelial or neurectodermal.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Neoplasms,+Nerve+Tissue&field=entry#TreeC04.557.580
VPetri
2014-07-23T13:23:38Z
pathway
PW:0001551
altered cell cycle pathway
VPetri
2014-07-23T13:24:21Z
pathway
PW:0001552
altered cell cycle pathway, mitotic
The G1/S transition pathway defines the point when the decision to complete the cell cycle is made. Deregulation of G1/S transition is observed in many human cancers and involves important players/regulators of the pathway.
VPetri
2014-07-23T13:25:45Z
pathway
PW:0001553
altered G1/S transition pathway
The G1/S transition pathway defines the point when the decision to complete the cell cycle is made. Deregulation of G1/S transition is observed in many human cancers and involves important players/regulators of the pathway.
PMID:10919634
PMID:8939849
Alterations in the SWI/SNF family mediated pathway of chromatin remodeling are implicated in a number of human cancers that include ovarian, pancreatic and renal, among others. Many mutations are found in Smarca4, one of the two mutually exclusive, ATP-dependent, enzymatic subunits or Arid1a subunit.
VPetri
2014-07-23T15:25:28Z
pathway
PW:0001554
altered SWI/SNF family mediated chromatin remodeling pathway
Alterations in the SWI/SNF family mediated pathway of chromatin remodeling are implicated in a number of human cancers that include ovarian, pancreatic and renal, among others. Many mutations are found in Smarca4, one of the two mutually exclusive, ATP-dependent, enzymatic subunits or Arid1a subunit.
PMID:23355908
Defective repair pathway(s) of double-strand breaks can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, genomic instability and oncogenic activation. Mutations in several components of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway have been implicated in several conditions in both an autosomal dominant and recessive fashion.
VPetri
2014-07-29T15:45:06Z
altered HR pathway of double-strand break repair
pathway
PW:0001555
altered homologous recombination pathway of double-strand break repair
Defective repair pathway(s) of double-strand breaks can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, genomic instability and oncogenic activation. Mutations in several components of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway have been implicated in several conditions in both an autosomal dominant and recessive fashion.
PMID:22027614
Defective repair pathway(s) of double-strand breaks can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, genomic instability and oncogenic activation. Mutations in several components of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway have been implicated in several conditions.
VPetri
2014-07-29T15:51:22Z
altered NHEJ pathway of double-strand break repair
pathway
PW:0001556
altered non-homologous end joining pathway of double-strand break repair
Defective repair pathway(s) of double-strand breaks can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, genomic instability and oncogenic activation. Mutations in several components of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway have been implicated in several conditions.
PMID:22027614
Programmed cell death pathways group together several types that can be described as apoptotic or non-apoptotic, based on morphological characteristics. The common feature is their highly regulated nature, as opposed to accidental, non-programmed cell death.
VPetri
2014-09-11T15:31:33Z
pathway
Programmed Cell Death
PW:0001557
programmed cell death pathway
Programmed cell death pathways group together several types that can be described as apoptotic or non-apoptotic, based on morphological characteristics. The common feature is their highly regulated nature, as opposed to accidental, non-programmed cell death.
GO:0012501
PMID:11965491
PMID:21760595
PMID:23030059
Reactome:R-HSA-5357801
Cell death pathways that are not the result of a regulated process and may be the result of injury or trauma, such as necrosis.
VPetri
2014-09-11T15:49:49Z
pathway
PW:0001558
non-programmed cell death pathway
Cell death pathways that are not the result of a regulated process and may be the result of injury or trauma, such as necrosis.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrosis
A programmed cell death pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
VPetri
2014-09-11T16:09:22Z
pathway
PW:0001559
altered programmed cell death pathway
The pyroptosis pathway is a form of programmed cell death triggered by microbial infection and release of cytokines. It can also occur independently of microbial virulence. Pyroptosis can have either apoptotic or necrotic morphological features.
VPetri
2014-09-11T16:31:44Z
pathway
Pyroptosis
PW:0001560
pyroptosis pathway
The pyroptosis pathway is a form of programmed cell death triggered by microbial infection and release of cytokines. It can also occur independently of microbial virulence. Pyroptosis can have either apoptotic or necrotic morphological features.
GO:0070269
PMID:20201017
PMID:21760595
Reactome:R-HSA-5620971
Necroptosis is a programmed or regulated form of necrosis generally triggered by DNA damage, leading to cell swelling and lysis.
VPetri
2014-09-12T09:32:19Z
pathway
necroptotic process
programmed necrosis pathway
PW:0001561
necroptosis pathway
Necroptosis is a programmed or regulated form of necrosis generally triggered by DNA damage, leading to cell swelling and lysis.
GO:0070266
PMID:21760595
PMID:23030059
An autophagy pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered autophagy has been implicated in a variety of conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and atherosclerosis, among others.
VPetri
2014-09-12T09:44:31Z
pathway
PW:0001562
altered autophagy pathway
An autophagy pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered autophagy has been implicated in a variety of conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and atherosclerosis, among others.
PMID:18039129
PMID:23030059
VPetri
2014-09-12T09:46:55Z
pathway
PW:0001563
altered non-apoptotic cell death pathway
Anoikis is a form of apoptotic programmed cell death triggered by the absence of cell-matrix interactions.
VPetri
2014-09-12T09:54:41Z
pathway
anoikis
PW:0001564
anoikis pathway
Anoikis is a form of apoptotic programmed cell death triggered by the absence of cell-matrix interactions.
GO:0043276
PMID:21760595
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Its use is limited by the serious cardiotoxic side effects it exerts. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2014-11-07T13:23:19Z
pathway
SMP:00650
PW:0001565
doxorubicin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Its use is limited by the serious cardiotoxic side effects it exerts. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:21048526
The pathway of doxorubicin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Doxorubicin is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of many cancers. Its use is restricted by the serious cardiotoxic effects it exerts. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2014-11-07T13:28:02Z
pathway
PW:0001566
doxorubicin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of doxorubicin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Doxorubicin is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of many cancers. Its use is restricted by the serious cardiotoxic effects it exerts. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:21048526
The various pathways whereby initial RNA transcripts are processed into their mature, functional forms and those involved in removing excess or erroneous RNA.
VPetri
2014-11-07T13:56:05Z
pathway
RNA processing
PW:0001567
RNA processing pathway
The various pathways whereby initial RNA transcripts are processed into their mature, functional forms and those involved in removing excess or erroneous RNA.
GO:0006396
PMID:23545199
Those reactions involved in producing the mature forms of RNAs: mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.
VPetri
2014-11-07T14:43:00Z
pathway
PW:0001568
RNA maturation pathway
Those reactions involved in producing the mature forms of RNAs: mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.
PMID:23545199
mRNA maturation involves 5'-capping and 3' processing of pre-mRNA, splicing and alternative splicing to produce the mature mRNA molecule(s).
VPetri
2014-11-07T15:00:17Z
pathway
mRNA processing
PW:0001569
mRNA maturation pathway
mRNA maturation involves 5'-capping and 3' processing of pre-mRNA, splicing and alternative splicing to produce the mature mRNA molecule(s).
GO:0006397
PMID:23545199
Initiation of transcription from the bipartite rDNA repeats requires the assembly of the Pol I preinitiation complex (PIC) and subsequent recruitment of the polymerase.
VPetri
2014-11-07T15:19:01Z
pathway
RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase I promoter
PW:0001570
RNA polymerase I transcription initiation pathway
Initiation of transcription from the bipartite rDNA repeats requires the assembly of the Pol I preinitiation complex (PIC) and subsequent recruitment of the polymerase.
GO:0006361
PMID:22960599
Reactome:R-HSA-73762
Subunits of Pol I have elongation and hydrolysis capabilities. However, additional trans-acting factors are involved in Pol I elongation steps.
VPetri
2014-11-07T15:27:41Z
pathway
RNA Polymerase I Chain Elongation
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I
PW:0001571
RNA polymerase I transcription elongation pathway
Subunits of Pol I have elongation and hydrolysis capabilities. However, additional trans-acting factors are involved in Pol I elongation steps.
GO:0006362
PMID:21893173
Reactome:R-HSA-73777
Termination of transcription by the polymerase I system requires the recruitment of specific factors to particular DNA elements.
VPetri
2014-11-07T15:39:16Z
pathway
RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination
termination of RNA polymerase I transcription
PW:0001572
RNA polymerase I transcription termination pathway
Termination of transcription by the polymerase I system requires the recruitment of specific factors to particular DNA elements.
GO:0006363
PMID:23092677
Reactome:R-HSA-73863
Processing of the initial tRNA transcript, including splicing of intron-containing pre-tRNAs and multiple modifications to produce the mature tRNA molecule that is exported to the cytoplasm.
VPetri
2014-11-07T15:44:37Z
pathway
tRNA processing
PW:0001573
tRNA maturation pathway
Processing of the initial tRNA transcript, including splicing of intron-containing pre-tRNAs and multiple modifications to produce the mature tRNA molecule that is exported to the cytoplasm.
GO:0008033
PMID:21915787
PMID:23545199
Reactome:R-HSA-72306
The reactions involved in processing the primary Pol I-transcribed rRNA and the 5S pre-rRNA transcribed by Pol III. The large Pol I transcribed pre-rRNA contains the mature 18S, 5.8S and 25S/28S rRNAs separated by internal (ITS) and flanked by external transcribed spacers (ETS). The nascent pre-rRNA associates co-transcriptionally with various factors, folds and is modified, while endo- and exo-nucleolytic cleavages sequentially remove the spacers. Cleavage at site ITS1 separates the initial 90S pre-ribosome into pre-40S and pre-60S particles whose nucleocytoplasmic processing will follow independent routes.
VPetri
2014-11-07T15:59:28Z
pathway
rRNA processing
PW:0001574
rRNA maturation pathway
The reactions involved in processing the primary Pol I-transcribed rRNA and the 5S pre-rRNA transcribed by Pol III. The large Pol I transcribed pre-rRNA contains the mature 18S, 5.8S and 25S/28S rRNAs separated by internal (ITS) and flanked by external transcribed spacers (ETS). The nascent pre-rRNA associates co-transcriptionally with various factors, folds and is modified, while endo- and exo-nucleolytic cleavages sequentially remove the spacers. Cleavage at site ITS1 separates the initial 90S pre-ribosome into pre-40S and pre-60S particles whose nucleocytoplasmic processing will follow independent routes.
GO:0006364
PMID:17509569
PMID:25346433
Reactome:R-HSA-72312
VPetri
2014-11-07T16:04:18Z
GO:0006384
Reactome:R-HSA-76046
pathway
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation
transcription initiation at RNA polymerase III promoter
PW:0001575
RNA polymerase III transcription initiation pathway
VPetri
2014-11-07T16:04:44Z
GO:0006385
Reactome:R-HSA-73780
pathway
RNA Polymerase III Chain Elongation
transcription elongation by RNA polymerase III promoter
PW:0001576
RNA polymerase III transcription elongation pathway
VPetri
2014-11-07T16:05:17Z
GO:0006386
Reactome:R-HSA-73980
pathway
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Termination
termination of RNA polymerase III transcription
PW:0001577
RNA polymerase III transcription termination pathway
5'-end capping occurs earlier in transcription and, along with phosphorylation of pol II, promotes productive elongation.
VPetri
2014-12-01T15:58:29Z
pathway
PW:0001578
5'-end pre-mRNA capping pathway
5'-end capping occurs earlier in transcription and, along with phosphorylation of pol II, promotes productive elongation.
PMID:12154373
PMID:24050178
The 3'-end processing of pre-mRNA is intimately coupled to pol II transcription termination, splicing, mRNA transport and translation.
VPetri
2014-12-01T16:01:00Z
pathway
PW:0001579
3'-end pre-mRNA processing pathway
The 3'-end processing of pre-mRNA is intimately coupled to pol II transcription termination, splicing, mRNA transport and translation.
PMID:21957020
Long non-coding RNA transcripts are subject to processing in a manner analogous to mRNA thereby they are capped and polyadenylated, and also frequently spliced.
VPetri
2014-12-04T09:22:35Z
pathway
PW:0001580
lncRNA maturation pathway
Long non-coding RNA transcripts are subject to processing in a manner analogous to mRNA thereby they are capped and polyadenylated, and also frequently spliced.
PMID:23827673
Long non-coding RNA transcripts are subject to processing in a manner analogous to mRNA thereby they are capped and polyadenylated, and also frequently spliced.
VPetri
2014-12-04T09:40:59Z
pathway
PW:0001581
lncRNA capping pathway
Long non-coding RNA transcripts are subject to processing in a manner analogous to mRNA thereby they are capped and polyadenylated, and also frequently spliced.
PMID:23827673
Long non-coding RNA transcripts are subject to processing in a manner analogous to mRNA thereby they are capped and polyadenylated, and also frequently spliced.
VPetri
2014-12-04T09:41:37Z
pathway
PW:0001582
lncRNA polyadenylation pathway
Long non-coding RNA transcripts are subject to processing in a manner analogous to mRNA thereby they are capped and polyadenylated, and also frequently spliced.
PMID:23827673
Those disorders and diseases resulting from nutritional imbalances and by alterations in various aspects of metabolism.
VPetri
2015-01-23T08:54:44Z
pathway
PW:0001583
nutritional and metabolic disease pathway
Those disorders and diseases resulting from nutritional imbalances and by alterations in various aspects of metabolism.
MeSH:D009750
Those conditions caused by inadequate levels of one or more essential vitamins due to defects in their metabolism.
VPetri
2015-01-23T09:01:31Z
avitaminosis disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001584
avitaminosis pathway
Those conditions caused by inadequate levels of one or more essential vitamins due to defects in their metabolism.
MeSH:D001361
VPetri
2015-01-23T09:29:49Z
deficiency of vitamin A pathway
hypovitaminosis A pathway
pathway
SMP:00336
PW:0001585
vitamin A deficiency pathway
A severe form of lipid storage disease in infants caused by deficiency of acid lipase.
VPetri
2015-01-23T09:52:30Z
Acid esterase deficiency pathway
Acid lipase deficiency pathway
Wolman xanthomatosis pathway
Wolman's disease pathway
Wolman's or triglyceride storage type III disease pathway
Xanthomatosis, familial pathway
pathway
SMP:00319
SMP:00511
lysosomal acid lipase deficiency pathway (Wolman type)
PW:0001586
Wolman disease pathway
A severe form of lipid storage disease in infants caused by deficiency of acid lipase.
PMID:12899707
The pathway thereby processed, mature mRNA is exported to the cytoplasm. Two distinct export pathways are mediated by specific transport receptors. The NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer exports the bulk of mRNA whereas a subset of mRNA is exported by the CRM1 system.
VPetri
2015-02-09T14:52:37Z
pathway
PW:0001587
mRNA nuclear export pathway
The pathway thereby processed, mature mRNA is exported to the cytoplasm. Two distinct export pathways are mediated by specific transport receptors. The NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer exports the bulk of mRNA whereas a subset of mRNA is exported by the CRM1 system.
PMID:23583578
PMID:25184662
The pathway thereby processed, mature tRNA is exported to the cytoplasm. It is dependent upon export receptors and Ran GTPases of the small G protein of the Ras superfamily.
VPetri
2015-02-09T14:55:18Z
pathway
PW:0001588
tRNA nuclear export pathway
The pathway thereby processed, mature tRNA is exported to the cytoplasm. It is dependent upon export receptors and Ran GTPases of the small G protein of the Ras superfamily.
PMID:22944664
Those diseases resulting from alterations in metabolic pathways that are caused by genetic mutations present during fetal development and that may be inherited from a parent or acquired in utero. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways, giving rise to a broad spectrum of conditions affecting many types of organs and/or tissues.
VPetri
2015-02-09T15:21:46Z
inborn error of metabolism disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001589
inborn error of metabolism pathway
Those diseases resulting from alterations in metabolic pathways that are caused by genetic mutations present during fetal development and that may be inherited from a parent or acquired in utero. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways, giving rise to a broad spectrum of conditions affecting many types of organs and/or tissues.
MeSH:D008661
Xanthinuria is a rare genetic disorder due to alterations in the purine metabolic pathway causing accumulation of xanthine and resulting in a range of symptoms. There are two types of disorders with similar clinical manifestations.
VPetri
2015-02-09T15:30:42Z
xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
xanthinuria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00220
xanthine oxidase deficiency
PW:0001590
xanthinuria pathway
Xanthinuria is a rare genetic disorder due to alterations in the purine metabolic pathway causing accumulation of xanthine and resulting in a range of symptoms. There are two types of disorders with similar clinical manifestations.
PMID:23203137
Xanthinuria is a rare genetic disorder due to alterations in the purine metabolic pathway causing accumulation of xanthine and resulting in a range of symptoms. Of the two types of clinically related disorders, type I is caused by genetic defects in the xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme.
VPetri
2015-02-09T15:45:44Z
xanthinuria disease pathway, type I
pathway
SMP:00512
PW:0001591
xanthinuria type I pathway
Xanthinuria is a rare genetic disorder due to alterations in the purine metabolic pathway causing accumulation of xanthine and resulting in a range of symptoms. Of the two types of clinically related disorders, type I is caused by genetic defects in the xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme.
PMID:23203137
Xanthinuria is a rare genetic disorder due to alterations in the purine metabolic pathway causing accumulation of xanthine and resulting in a range of symptoms. Of the two types of clinically related disorders, type II is caused by genetic defects in the xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes.
VPetri
2015-02-09T15:46:28Z
xanthinuria disease pathway, type II
pathway
SMP:00513
PW:0001592
xanthinuria type II pathway
Xanthinuria is a rare genetic disorder due to alterations in the purine metabolic pathway causing accumulation of xanthine and resulting in a range of symptoms. Of the two types of clinically related disorders, type II is caused by genetic defects in the xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes.
PMID:23203137
Those conditions affecting the muscular and skeletal systems and elements associated with them, arising from deregulation in a number of pathways.
vpetri
2015-02-10T12:34:13Z
pathway
PW:0001593
musculoskeletal disease pathway
Those conditions affecting the muscular and skeletal systems and elements associated with them, arising from deregulation in a number of pathways.
MeSH:D009140
VLCAD deficiency is due to alterations in fatty acid beta oxidation pathway. It is an inherited metabolic disease due to mutations in the ACADVL gene. It appears in infancy or early childhood and is manifested as lack of energy and muscle weakness.
vpetri
2015-02-10T12:37:35Z
VLCAD deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00540
PW:0001594
very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
VLCAD deficiency is due to alterations in fatty acid beta oxidation pathway. It is an inherited metabolic disease due to mutations in the ACADVL gene. It appears in infancy or early childhood and is manifested as lack of energy and muscle weakness.
PMID:23480858
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of abacavir, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. It belongs to the family of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-10T13:29:05Z
pathway
PW:0001595
abacavir drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of abacavir, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. It belongs to the family of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:24754315
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of abacavir, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-10T13:39:30Z
pathway
Abacavir transport and metabolism
PW:0001596
abacavir pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of abacavir, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:18479171
Reactome:R-HSA-2161522
The pathway of abacavir-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to them. Abacavir is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Abacavir inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA whose growth is then terminated. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug. A small percentage of individuals receiving the drug develop immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HSR), those carrying a variant in the human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) gene.
vpetri
2015-02-10T13:39:52Z
pathway
SMP:00737
PW:0001597
abacavir pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of abacavir-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to them. Abacavir is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Abacavir inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA whose growth is then terminated. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug. A small percentage of individuals receiving the drug develop immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HSR), those carrying a variant in the human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) gene.
PMID:23649914
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of acenocoumarol. Acenocoumarol is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-10T16:06:05Z
pathway
PW:0001598
acenocoumarol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of acenocoumarol. Acenocoumarol is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22972051
PMID:23919835
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of acenocoumarol. Acenocoumarol is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-10T16:08:41Z
pathway
PW:0001599
acenocoumarol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of acenocoumarol. Acenocoumarol is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:23919835
The pathway of acenocoumarol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Acenocoumarol is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-10T16:09:07Z
pathway
SMP:00269
PW:0001600
acenocoumarol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of acenocoumarol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Acenocoumarol is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22972051
Those disorders caused by nutritional imbalance.
vpetri
2015-02-12T09:11:19Z
pathway
PW:0001601
nutritional disorder pathway
Those disorders caused by nutritional imbalance.
MeSH:D009748
Those diseases and disorders that are caused by deregulation of glucose metabolic pathways. The condition(s) can be inherited or acquired.
vpetri
2015-02-12T09:47:16Z
pathway
PW:0001602
glucose metabolism disease pathway
Those diseases and disorders that are caused by deregulation of glucose metabolic pathways. The condition(s) can be inherited or acquired.
MeSH:D044882
A rare, autosomal recessive inborn metabolic disease caused by alterations in pyrimidine metabolic pathway.
vpetri
2015-02-12T10:19:22Z
pathway
SMP:00172
ureidopropionase deficiency pathway
PW:0001603
beta-ureidopropionase deficiency pathway
A rare, autosomal recessive inborn metabolic disease caused by alterations in pyrimidine metabolic pathway.
OMIM:613161
Alterations in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway resulting in excessive excretion of orotic acid. The inborn metabolic condition is primarily due to deficiency in the bifunctional uridine monophosphate (UMP) synthetase enzyme. Orotic aciduria is also due to ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency and its hyperammonemia.
vpetri
2015-02-12T10:34:32Z
orotic aciduria disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001604
orotic aciduria pathway
Alterations in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway resulting in excessive excretion of orotic acid. The inborn metabolic condition is primarily due to deficiency in the bifunctional uridine monophosphate (UMP) synthetase enzyme. Orotic aciduria is also due to ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency and its hyperammonemia.
PMID:25030255
The most common form of the orotic acid inborn error metabolic disease pathway is due to deficiency in the uridine monophosphate (UMP) synthase enzyme.
vpetri
2015-02-12T10:43:47Z
orotic aciduria 1 disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00219
UMP synthase deficiency pathway
PW:0001605
orotic aciduria 1 pathway
The most common form of the orotic acid inborn error metabolic disease pathway is due to deficiency in the uridine monophosphate (UMP) synthase enzyme.
OMIM:258900
PMID:25030255
A secondary form of the orotic acid inborn error metabolic disease pathway due to deficiency in orotidine-5-monophosphate decarboxylase (C-terminal activity of uridine monophosphate synthetase).
vpetri
2015-02-12T10:50:39Z
OMP decarboxylase deficiency pathway
hereditary orotic aciduria type 2 pathway
hereditary orotic aciduria type II pathway
orotic aciduria II disease pathway
orotic aciduria II pathway
orotidine-5-phosphate decarboxylase deficiency pathway
pathway
OMPDC deficiency pathway
PW:0001606
orotic aciduria 2 pathway
A secondary form of the orotic acid inborn error metabolic disease pathway due to deficiency in orotidine-5-monophosphate decarboxylase (C-terminal activity of uridine monophosphate synthetase).
PMID:25030255
A group of disorders due to inborn errors of the tyrosine metabolic pathway. The three types of tyrosinemia are caused by deficiencies in distinct enzymes of the tyrosine degradation pathway and exhibit specific phenotypes.
vpetri
2015-02-12T11:13:29Z
tyrosinemia disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001607
tyrosinemia pathway
A group of disorders due to inborn errors of the tyrosine metabolic pathway. The three types of tyrosinemia are caused by deficiencies in distinct enzymes of the tyrosine degradation pathway and exhibit specific phenotypes.
MeSH:D020176
Type I tyrosinemia results from defects in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the tyrosine degradation pathway.
vpetri
2015-02-12T11:24:18Z
hepatorenal tyrosinemia pathway
tyrosinemia type I disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00218
PW:0001608
tyrosinemia type I pathway
Type I tyrosinemia results from defects in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the tyrosine degradation pathway.
OMIM:276700
PMID:9101289
Type II tyrosinemia results from defects in the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate in the tyrosine degradation pathway.
vpetri
2015-02-12T11:24:39Z
oculocutaneous tyrosinemia pathway
tyrosinemia type II disease pathway
pathway
Richner-Hanhart syndrome pathway
SMP:00369
PW:0001609
tyrosinemia type II pathway
Type II tyrosinemia results from defects in the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate in the tyrosine degradation pathway.
OMIM:276600
PMID:7648039
Type III tyrosinemia results from defects in the 4-hydroxyohenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) enzyme that catalyzes the second step in the tyrosine degradation pathway.
vpetri
2015-02-12T11:24:59Z
tyrosinemia type III disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00370
SMP:00434
PW:0001610
tyrosinemia type III pathway
Type III tyrosinemia results from defects in the 4-hydroxyohenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) enzyme that catalyzes the second step in the tyrosine degradation pathway.
OMIM:276710
PMID:11916315
Abnormal and involuntary movement due degenerative, post-traumatic, inflammatory, hereditary or medication-induced conditions.
vpetri
2015-02-12T12:59:09Z
pathway
PW:0001611
movement disorder pathway
Abnormal and involuntary movement due degenerative, post-traumatic, inflammatory, hereditary or medication-induced conditions.
MeSH:D009069
A movement disorder caused by defects in the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme that converts tyrosine to L-DOPA, the precursor of dopamine in the dopamine biosynthetic pathway of the other two catecholamines downstream of it, norepinephrine and epinephrine.
vpetri
2015-02-12T13:10:44Z
pathway
SMP:00490
dopamine-responsive dystonia pathway
tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency pathway
PW:0001612
Segawa syndrome pathway
A movement disorder caused by defects in the tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme that converts tyrosine to L-DOPA, the precursor of dopamine in the dopamine biosynthetic pathway of the other two catecholamines downstream of it, norepinephrine and epinephrine.
OMIM:605407
PMID:21176768
PMID:9732974
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of acetylasalicylic acid, known as aspirin. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used as analgesic, antipyretic and antitrombic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-12T13:47:42Z
pathway
aspirin drug pathway
PW:0001613
acetylsalicylic acid drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of acetylasalicylic acid, known as aspirin. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used as analgesic, antipyretic and antitrombic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:23435614
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of acetylsalicylic acid, known as aspirin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-12T14:15:13Z
pathway
aspirin pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0001614
acetylsalicylic acid pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of acetylsalicylic acid, known as aspirin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:23435614
The actual targets of acetylsalicylic acid known as aspirin were discovered after the drug was marketed. It was believed that it acts upon the central nervous system, but its true mode of action is to irreversibly inhibit cuclooxygenase enzyme COX-1 and to a lesser extent COX-2, thus suppressing the downstream production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-12T14:15:37Z
pathway
SMP:00083
aspirin pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0001615
acetylsalicylic acid pharmacodynamics pathway
The actual targets of acetylsalicylic acid known as aspirin were discovered after the drug was marketed. It was believed that it acts upon the central nervous system, but its true mode of action is to irreversibly inhibit cuclooxygenase enzyme COX-1 and to a lesser extent COX-2, thus suppressing the downstream production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:22893199
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adefovir, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of hepatitis B. It is administered as adefovir dipivoxil prodrug. Once metabolized, it acts as a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
vpetri
2015-02-12T14:35:19Z
pathway
PW:0001616
adefovir drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adefovir, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of hepatitis B. It is administered as adefovir dipivoxil prodrug. Once metabolized, it acts as a nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
PMID:12606735
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of adefovir. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-12T14:44:43Z
pathway
SMP:00629
PW:0001617
adefovir pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of adefovir. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:12606735
Adefovir is an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
vpetri
2015-02-12T14:45:31Z
pathway
SMP:00418
PW:0001618
adefovir pharmacodynamics pathway
Adefovir is an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
PMID:12606735
The pathway whereby the pre- ribosomal particles, pre-40S and pre-60S containing three of the four rRNA genes, are exported to the cytoplasm. The two particles follow independent transport routes, embedded within ribosome biogenesis. The 5S rRNA transcribed by RNA polymerase III is independently transported to be delivered to the ribosome immediately or from a cytoplasmic pool.
vpetri
2015-02-12T15:36:24Z
pathway
PW:0001619
rRNA nuclear export pathway
The pathway whereby the pre- ribosomal particles, pre-40S and pre-60S containing three of the four rRNA genes, are exported to the cytoplasm. The two particles follow independent transport routes, embedded within ribosome biogenesis. The 5S rRNA transcribed by RNA polymerase III is independently transported to be delivered to the ribosome immediately or from a cytoplasmic pool.
PMID:17509569
PMID:21957041
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bisphoshonate drugs that help prevent the loss of bone mass and are used in the treatment of osteoporosis. The two classes - non-nitrogenous and nitrogen-containing drugs, employ different mechanisms to affect osteoclast activity. Bisphosphonates are preferentially taken up by osteoclast cells. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-16T10:18:30Z
pathway
PW:0001620
bisphosphonate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bisphoshonate drugs that help prevent the loss of bone mass and are used in the treatment of osteoporosis. The two classes - non-nitrogenous and nitrogen-containing drugs, employ different mechanisms to affect osteoclast activity. Bisphosphonates are preferentially taken up by osteoclast cells. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:21555003
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphosphonate
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nitrogenous bisphosphate drugs, inhibitors of farnesyl diphosphate synthase. The disruption of geranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphate production affects the cell membrane localization of proteins that depend on this lipid modification for proper placement. They include the members of the small G proteins and the impact on Ras, Rho and Rac G proteins is thought to underlie the effect of drugs.
vpetri
2015-02-16T10:25:18Z
pathway
PW:0001621
nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nitrogenous bisphosphate drugs, inhibitors of farnesyl diphosphate synthase. The disruption of geranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphate production affects the cell membrane localization of proteins that depend on this lipid modification for proper placement. They include the members of the small G proteins and the impact on Ras, Rho and Rac G proteins is thought to underlie the effect of drugs.
PMID:21555003
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphosphonate
Non-nitrogenous bisphosphonate drugs are metabolized to compounds that render the ATP molecule non-functional, thus promoting cell death.
vpetri
2015-02-16T10:26:05Z
pathway
PW:0001622
non-nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug pathway
Non-nitrogenous bisphosphonate drugs are metabolized to compounds that render the ATP molecule non-functional, thus promoting cell death.
PMID:21555003
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphosphonate
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nitrogenous bisphosphonates such as alendronate, ibandronate, pamidronate or risedronate. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-16T11:05:43Z
pathway
PW:0001623
nitrogenous bisphosphanate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nitrogenous bisphosphonates such as alendronate, ibandronate, pamidronate or risedronate. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:21555003
The pathway of nitrogenous bisphosphonate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to them. They include alendronate, ibandronate, pamidronate or risedronate. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-02-16T11:06:45Z
pathway
SMP:00079
SMP:00095
SMP:00112
SMP:00117
PW:0001624
nitrogenous bisphosphonate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nitrogenous bisphosphonate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to them. They include alendronate, ibandronate, pamidronate or risedronate. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:21555003
The NXF1-NXT export pathway is involved in the trafficking of bulk mRNA. It is dependent upon the TREX/THO complex for receptor recruitment to the cargo.
VPetri
2015-02-19T13:40:09Z
pathway
PW:0001625
NXF1-NXT1 export pathway
The NXF1-NXT export pathway is involved in the trafficking of bulk mRNA. It is dependent upon the TREX/THO complex for receptor recruitment to the cargo.
PMID:23583578
PMID:25184662
CRM1 export pathway is involved in trafficking a subset of mRNA as well as other RNA particles. Depending on the adaptor proteins that recruit CRM1 to cargo, there are several routes of export.
VPetri
2015-02-19T13:40:41Z
pathway
XPO1 export pathway
PW:0001626
CRM1 export pathway
CRM1 export pathway is involved in trafficking a subset of mRNA as well as other RNA particles. Depending on the adaptor proteins that recruit CRM1 to cargo, there are several routes of export.
PMID:23583578
PMID:25184662
Trifunctional protein deficiency is caused by alteration in the fatty acid beta degradation pathway. Specifically, mutations in the alpha and beta subunits of the mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the last three steps, have been linked to this inherited metabolic condition.
VPetri
2015-02-19T14:03:09Z
pathway
SMP:00545
PW:0001627
trifunctional protein deficiency pathway
Trifunctional protein deficiency is caused by alteration in the fatty acid beta degradation pathway. Specifically, mutations in the alpha and beta subunits of the mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the last three steps, have been linked to this inherited metabolic condition.
OMIM:609015
The rare autosomal recessive condition is caused by mutations in the triosephosphate isomerase enzyme involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2015-02-19T14:43:55Z
pathway
SMP:00563
triose phosphate-isomerase deficiency pathway
PW:0001628
triosephosphate isomerase deficiency pathway
The rare autosomal recessive condition is caused by mutations in the triosephosphate isomerase enzyme involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolic pathways.
OMIM:615512
Transaldolase deficiency results from alteration in the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway, an alternative route of glucose oxidation that produces reducing equivalents. The condition affects many systems.
VPetri
2015-02-19T15:02:57Z
Eyaid syndrome pathway
TALDO deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00520
PW:0001629
transaldolase deficiency pathway
Transaldolase deficiency results from alteration in the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway, an alternative route of glucose oxidation that produces reducing equivalents. The condition affects many systems.
OMIM:506003
Lysosomal storage disease represents a group of rare genetic conditions resulting from deficiencies in particular lysosomal enzymes.
VPetri
2015-02-25T16:09:17Z
pathway
lysosomal storage disorders
PW:0001630
lysosomal storage disease pathway
Lysosomal storage disease represents a group of rare genetic conditions resulting from deficiencies in particular lysosomal enzymes.
PMID:25275857
There are several forms of Tay-Sachs disease resulting from mutations in the lysosomal hexosaminidase A enzyme. The accumulation of gangliosides in nerve cells leads to loss of mental and physical abilities, neurodegeneration and eventually death.
VPetri
2015-02-25T16:12:55Z
hexosaminidase A deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00390
PW:0001631
Tay-Sachs disease pathway
There are several forms of Tay-Sachs disease resulting from mutations in the lysosomal hexosaminidase A enzyme. The accumulation of gangliosides in nerve cells leads to loss of mental and physical abilities, neurodegeneration and eventually death.
PMID:9090523
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of alfentanil - a synthetic opioid used for anesthesia in surgery. The drug is short-acting but potent and classified as restricted. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-02-26T12:43:39Z
pathway
PW:0001632
alfentanil drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of alfentanil - a synthetic opioid used for anesthesia in surgery. The drug is short-acting but potent and classified as restricted. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfentanil
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of alfentanil. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-02-26T12:51:27Z
pathway
PW:0001633
alfentanil pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of alfentanil. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfentanil
The pathway of alfentanil-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an agonist for mu opioid receptors, is classified as a restrictive drug and is almost exclusively used for anesthesia in surgery. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-02-26T12:52:05Z
pathway
SMP:00413
PW:0001634
alfentanil pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of alfentanil-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an agonist for mu opioid receptors, is classified as a restrictive drug and is almost exclusively used for anesthesia in surgery. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfentanil
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of alteplase - one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Plasminogen is a key player in the fibrinolytic cascade pathway of blood clots breakdown. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-02-26T13:08:24Z
pathway
PW:0001635
alteplase drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of alteplase - one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Plasminogen is a key player in the fibrinolytic cascade pathway of blood clots breakdown. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:15846799
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of alteplase, one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-02-26T13:16:15Z
pathway
PW:0001636
alteplase pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of alteplase, one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:15846799
The pathway of alteplase-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Alteplase is one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Alteplase is used for treatment of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, among others. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-02-26T13:16:32Z
pathway
SMP:00280
PW:0001637
alteplase pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of alteplase-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Alteplase is one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Alteplase is used for treatment of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, among others. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:15846799
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of amiloride - a blocker of epithelial sodium channels used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-02-26T15:23:11Z
pathway
PW:0001638
amiloride drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of amiloride - a blocker of epithelial sodium channels used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiloride
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of amiloride. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-02-26T15:23:23Z
pathway
PW:0001639
amiloride pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of amiloride-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the epithelial sodium channels and is used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-02-26T15:23:37Z
pathway
SMP:00133
PW:0001640
amiloride pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of amiloride-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the epithelial sodium channels and is used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:12620920
The pathways of rRNA quality control whereby non-functional rRNAs, both at the level of transcript and of mature ribosome components, are subject to degradation. Bulk ribosomes can also be degraded via autophagy.
VPetri
2015-03-03T09:01:13Z
pathway
PW:0001641
rRNA decay pathway
The pathways of rRNA quality control whereby non-functional rRNAs, both at the level of transcript and of mature ribosome components, are subject to degradation. Bulk ribosomes can also be degraded via autophagy.
PMID:20097077
The pathways of tRNA quality control thereby erroneous tRNA is degraded or normal tRNA is cleaved under stress conditions.
VPetri
2015-03-03T09:07:45Z
pathway
PW:0001642
tRNA decay pathway
The pathways of tRNA quality control thereby erroneous tRNA is degraded or normal tRNA is cleaved under stress conditions.
PMID:20810645
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of lipid metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways.
VPetri
2015-03-04T12:51:18Z
inborn error of lipid metabolism disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001643
inborn error of lipid metabolism pathway
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of lipid metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways.
MeSH:D008052
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways.
VPetri
2015-03-04T13:16:23Z
inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001644
inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism pathway
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways.
MeSH:D002239
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways.
VPetri
2015-03-04T13:23:59Z
inborn error of amino acid metabolism disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001645
inborn error of amino acid metabolism pathway
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways.
MeSH:D000592
Those brain diseases that are caused by inborn metabolic errors. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways.
VPetri
2015-03-04T13:26:26Z
inborn error of brain metabolic disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001646
inborn error of brain metabolic pathway
Those brain diseases that are caused by inborn metabolic errors. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways.
MeSH:D020739
An autosomal recessive inherited condition resulting from alteration in sulfur metabolism. It exhibits severe neurological symptoms in the neonatal period and is possibly fatal.
VPetri
2015-03-04T13:41:42Z
isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency pathway
sulfocysteinuria pathway
pathway
SMP:00532
PW:0001647
sulfite oxidase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive inherited condition resulting from alteration in sulfur metabolism. It exhibits severe neurological symptoms in the neonatal period and is possibly fatal.
OMIM:272300
A congenital disorder of sucrose metabolism resulting from mutations in the enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of dietary sugars.
VPetri
2015-03-04T13:47:13Z
Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency pathway
pathway
SI deficiency pathway
SMP:00557
congenital sucrose intolerance pathway
congenital sucrose-isomaltose malabsorption pathway
disaccharide intolerance I pathway
PW:0001648
congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency pathway
A congenital disorder of sucrose metabolism resulting from mutations in the enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of dietary sugars.
OMIM:222900
A rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from mutations in the enzyme involved in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
VPetri
2015-03-04T14:42:55Z
4-hydroxybutyric aciduria pathway
SSADH pathway
gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria pathway
pathway
SMP:00243
SMP:00567
PW:0001649
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
A rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from mutations in the enzyme involved in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
OMIM:271980
An autosomal recessive disorder due to altered cholesterol metabolism.
VPetri
2015-03-04T14:51:28Z
Rutledge lethal multiple congenital anomaly syndrome pathway
Smith-Opitz-Inborn syndrome pathway
pathway
SMP:00389
PW:0001650
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder due to altered cholesterol metabolism.
MeSH:D019082
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots. They are further classified depending on the blood clotting processes they affect. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-04T15:12:19Z
pathway
anticoagulant drug pathway
PW:0001651
antithrombotic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots. They are further classified depending on the blood clotting processes they affect. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombotic
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent bleeding. It is to be noted here that genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-04T15:26:01Z
pathway
hemostatic drug pathway
PW:0001652
antihemorrhagic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent bleeding. It is to be noted here that genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antihemorrhagic
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of aminocaproic acid, an inhibitor of enzymes involved in fibrinolysis and as such, effective in the treatment of certain bleeding disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-04T15:28:59Z
pathway
6-aminohexanoic acid drug pathway
PW:0001653
aminocaproic acid drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of aminocaproic acid, an inhibitor of enzymes involved in fibrinolysis and as such, effective in the treatment of certain bleeding disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminocaproic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of aminocaproic acid. The drug is used in the treatment of certain bleeding disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-04T15:34:33Z
pathway
PW:0001654
aminocaproic acid pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of aminocaproic acid. The drug is used in the treatment of certain bleeding disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminocaproic_acid
The pathway of aminocaproic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-04T15:37:06Z
pathway
SMP:00286
PW:0001655
aminocaproic acid pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of aminocaproic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminocaproic_acid
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of amiodarone, a drug used in the treatment of arrhythmia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-04T15:44:15Z
pathway
PW:0001656
amiodarone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of amiodarone, a drug used in the treatment of arrhythmia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiodarone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of amiodarone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-05T12:07:00Z
pathway
PW:0001657
amiodarone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of amiodarone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiodarone
The pathway of amiodarone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Amiodarone has beta blocker-like and calcium channel blocker-like actions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-05T12:07:31Z
pathway
SMP:00665
PW:0001658
amiodarone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of amiodarone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Amiodarone has beta blocker-like and calcium channel blocker-like actions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiodarone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker used to lower blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-09T15:06:12Z
pathway
PW:0001659
amlodipine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker used to lower blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amlodipine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-09T15:11:02Z
pathway
PW:0001660
amlodipine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amlodipine
The pathway of amlodipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker is used to lower blood pressure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-09T15:14:15Z
pathway
SMP:00376
PW:0001661
amlodipine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of amlodipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker is used to lower blood pressure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amlodipine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of anistreplase, an antithrombic drug that converts plasminogen to the active plasmin which degrades fibrin (blood clots). Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-09T15:22:18Z
pathway
PW:0001662
anistreplase drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of anistreplase, an antithrombic drug that converts plasminogen to the active plasmin which degrades fibrin (blood clots). Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anistreplase
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of anistreplase. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-09T15:42:46Z
pathway
PW:0001663
anistreplase pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of anistreplase. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anistreplase
The pathway of anistreplase-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. An anithrombic drug, anistreplase cleaves a bond in plasminogen to form plasmin. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-09T15:43:16Z
pathway
SMP:00281
PW:0001664
anistreplase pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of anistreplase-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. An anithrombic drug, anistreplase cleaves a bond in plasminogen to form plasmin. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anistreplase
The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of anitpyrine, an analgesic and antipyretic drug used to relieve pain and fever. It is thought to inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-09T15:53:49Z
pathway
SMP:00692
PW:0001665
antipyrine drug pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of antipyrine, a drug used to relieve pain and fever. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-03-09T16:10:13Z
pathway
PW:0001666
antipyrine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of antipyrine, a drug used to relieve pain and fever. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:7340879
An autosomal recessive metabolic disease due to alteration in the fatty acid beta oxidation pathway.
VPetri
2015-03-10T12:51:10Z
ACADS deficiency pathway
SCADH deficiency pathway
pathway
SCAD deficiency pathway
SMP:00235
PW:0001667
short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive metabolic disease due to alteration in the fatty acid beta oxidation pathway.
OMIM:201470
VPetri
2015-03-10T12:56:33Z
pathway
SMP:00568
PW:0001668
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
Those conditions resulting from impaired mitochondrial function and alterations in mitochondrial pathways and due to acquired or inherited mutations.
VPetri
2015-03-10T15:10:26Z
pathway
PW:0001669
mitochondrial disease pathway
A rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to mutations in sarcosine dehydrogenase resulting in alterations of sarcosine metabolism.
VPetri
2015-03-10T15:15:08Z
SARCOS pathway
SARD deficiency pathway
SARDH deficiency pathway
SARDHD pathway
hypersarcosinemia pathway
sarcosine dehydrogenase complex deficiency pathway
sarcosinemia disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00244
PW:0001670
sarcosinemia pathway
A rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to mutations in sarcosine dehydrogenase resulting in alterations of sarcosine metabolism.
OMIM:268900
The no-go mRNA decay pathway degrades mRNA that causes ribosomes to stall during the elongation phase of translation. It can be due to the presence of pseudoknots, stem loop structures, rare codons, other features.
VPetri
2015-05-08T08:46:07Z
pathway
NGD pathway
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, no-go decay
PW:0001671
no-go mRNA decay pathway
The no-go mRNA decay pathway degrades mRNA that causes ribosomes to stall during the elongation phase of translation. It can be due to the presence of pseudoknots, stem loop structures, rare codons, other features.
GO:0070966
PMID:22664987
PMID:23072885
Vinca alkaloids are anti-mitotic and anti-microtubule agents originally derived from plants and also produced as semisynthetic compounds. They have a hypoglycemic and cytotoxic effects and are widely used as cancer drugs.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:10:31Z
pathway
PW:0001672
vinca alkaloid drug pathway
Vinca alkaloids are anti-mitotic and anti-microtubule agents originally derived from plants and also produced as semisynthetic compounds. They have a hypoglycemic and cytotoxic effects and are widely used as cancer drugs.
PMID:24404355
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vinblastine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:20:40Z
pathway
VBL drug pathway
PW:0001673
vinblastine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vinblastine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:24404355
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vinorelbine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:23:42Z
pathway
VRL drug pathway
PW:0001674
vinorelbine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vinorelbine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:24404355
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vincristine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:24:59Z
pathway
VCR drug pathway
PW:0001675
vincristine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vincristine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:24404355
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vindesine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:26:08Z
pathway
VDS drug pathway
PW:0001676
vindesine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vindesine - a vinca alkaloid used as anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:24404355
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of vinblastine, an anti-mitotic, anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:35:11Z
pathway
VBL pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0001677
vinblastine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of vinblastine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:35:29Z
pathway
SMP:00436
VBL pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0001678
vinblastine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of vinblastine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:24404355
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of vincristine, an anti-mitotic, anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:35:48Z
pathway
VCR pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0001679
vincristine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of vincristne-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:36:10Z
pathway
SMP:00437
VCR pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0001680
vincristine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of vindesine, an anti-mitotic, anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:36:28Z
pathway
VDS pharmacokientics pathway
PW:0001681
vindesine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of vindesine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:37:09Z
pathway
SMP:00438
VDS pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0001682
vindesine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of vindesine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:24404355
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of vinorelbine, an anti-mitotic, anticancer agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:38:24Z
pathway
VRL pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0001683
vinorelbine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of vinorelbine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T09:39:07Z
pathway
SMP:00439
VRL pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0001684
vinorelbine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of vinorelbine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interacts with tubulin and disrupts microtubules function, particularly those at the mitotic spindle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:24404355
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of verapamil - an L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T10:39:28Z
pathway
PW:0001685
verapamil drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of verapamil - an L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verapamil
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of verapamil, an L-type calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T10:42:46Z
pathway
PW:0001686
verapamil pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of verapamil-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an L-type calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T10:43:10Z
pathway
SMP:00375
PW:0001687
verapamil pharmacodynamics pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T10:49:35Z
pathway
PW:0001688
valsartan drug pathway
The pathway of valsartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T10:50:05Z
pathway
SMP:00165
PW:0001689
valsartan pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of valsartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-05-08T10:50:28Z
pathway
PW:0001690
valsartan pharmacokinetics pathway
Those pathways involved in the proper balance of organic chemical levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage, as demanded by the needs of cells tissues and organs. Disruption of organic chemical homeostasis can have harmful consequences. Collectively they represent a broad class of substances containing carbon.
VPetri
2015-05-21T10:10:13Z
pathway
PW:0001691
organic chemical homeostasis pathway
Those pathways involved in the proper balance of inorganic chemical levels, uptake and transport, utilization and storage, as demanded by the needs of cells tissues and organs. Disruption of inorganic chemical homeostasis can have harmful consequences. Collectively they represent a broad class of substances that do not contain carbon. Chemical elements are also included.
VPetri
2015-05-21T10:15:12Z
pathway
PW:0001692
inorganic chemical homeostasis pathway
Those pathways that involve the balanced generation and utilization of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet or SAM). SAM is a universal methyl donor and at the cross roads of metabolism, gene expression regulation and cellular signaling.
VPetri
2015-05-21T10:22:56Z
pathway
AdoMet homeostasis pathway
SAM homeostasis pathway
PW:0001693
S-adenosylmethionine homeostasis pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of valdecoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-02T14:19:37Z
pathway
PW:0001694
valdecoxib drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of valdecoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdecoxib
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of valdecoxib, an antirheumatic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-02T14:22:34Z
pathway
PW:0001695
valdecoxib pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of valdecoxib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Currently, the prodrug parecoxib is being used as valdecoxib has been removed from the market because its side effects risks.
VPetri
2015-06-02T14:23:07Z
pathway
SMP:00116
PW:0001696
valdecoxib pharmacodynamics pathway
The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the digestive system.
VPetri
2015-06-02T14:57:48Z
pathway
PW:0001697
digestive system disease pathway
VPetri
2015-06-02T15:02:05Z
pathway
PW:0001698
liver disease pathway
true
VPetri
2015-06-02T15:14:11Z
pathway
PW:0001699
urogenital disease pathway
VPetri
2015-06-02T15:15:04Z
pathway
PW:0001700
urologic disease pathway
VPetri
2015-06-02T15:22:18Z
pathway
PW:0001701
skin and connective tissue disease pathway
Alterations in the biosynthetic pathway of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) lead to its excessive accumulation in the urine, resulting in several phenotypes.
VPetri
2015-06-04T14:21:31Z
french type sialuria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00216
SMP:00217
PW:0001702
french type sialuria pathway
Saccharopinuria, also known as hyperlysinemia type II, is an autosomal recessive condition due to alteration in metabolic pathways of lysine and its derivatives.
VPetri
2015-06-04T14:47:14Z
alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase deficiency pathway
hyperlysinemia type II pathway
saccharopine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
saccharopinuria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00239
SMP:00528
hyperlysinemia type II disease pathway
PW:0001703
saccharopinuria pathway
Saccharopinuria, also known as hyperlysinemia type II, is an autosomal recessive condition due to alteration in metabolic pathways of lysine and its derivatives.
OMIM:268700
A disorder due to alteration in the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway.
VPetri
2015-06-04T14:55:12Z
pathway
SMP:00519
PW:0001704
ribose 5-phosphate isomerase deficiency pathway
A disorder due to alteration in the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway.
OMIM:608611
An autosomal recessive disorder due to alterations in peroxisomal metabolic pathways manifesting in hearing loss and impaired vision.
VPetri
2015-06-04T15:06:28Z
HMSN type IV pathway
HSMN IV pathway
Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis pathway
Refsum's disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00451
PW:0001705
Refsum disease pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder due to alterations in peroxisomal metabolic pathways manifesting in hearing loss and impaired vision.
MeSH:D012035
An inherited disorder affecting the red blood cells, resulting from alteration in the pyruvate metabolic pathway and manifesting in hemolytic anemia.
VPetri
2015-06-04T15:13:31Z
PK deficiency pathway
hemolytic anemia due to red cell pyruvate kinase deficiency pathway
pyruvate kinase deficiency of erythrocyte pathway
pyruvate kinase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00559
PW:0001706
pyruvate kinase deficiency of red cells pathway
An inherited disorder affecting the red blood cells, resulting from alteration in the pyruvate metabolic pathway and manifesting in hemolytic anemia.
OMIM:266200
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enalapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T11:07:43Z
pathway
PW:0001707
enalapril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enalapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enalapril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of enalapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T11:08:30Z
pathway
SMP:00593
PW:0001708
enalapril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of enalapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enalapril
The pathway of enalapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T11:08:57Z
pathway
SMP:00148
PW:0001709
enalapril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of enalapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enalapril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ramipril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T11:32:35Z
pathway
PW:0001710
ramipril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ramipril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramipril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ramipril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T11:35:30Z
pathway
SMP:00597
PW:0001711
ramipril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ramipril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramipril
The pathway of ramipril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T11:35:53Z
pathway
SMP:00154
PW:0001712
ramipril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ramipril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramipril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T11:42:25Z
pathway
PW:0001713
quinapril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of quinapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinapril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of quinapril, an ACE inhibitor. Quinapril is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite, quinaprilat, in the liver. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T11:42:57Z
pathway
SMP:00596
PW:0001714
quinapril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of quinapril, an ACE inhibitor. Quinapril is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite, quinaprilat, in the liver. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinapril
The pathway of quinapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T11:43:30Z
pathway
SMP:00153
PW:0001715
quinapril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of quinapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinapril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of perindopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:06:43Z
pathway
PW:0001716
perindopril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of perindopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perindopril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of perindopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:07:06Z
pathway
PW:0001717
perindopril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of perindopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perindopril
The pathway of perindopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:07:48Z
pathway
SMP:00152
PW:0001718
perindopril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of perindopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perindopril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lisinopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:12:47Z
pathway
PW:0001719
lisinopril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lisinopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisinopril
The pathway of lisinopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:13:16Z
pathway
SMP:00150
PW:0001720
lisinopril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of lisinopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisinopril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:14:14Z
pathway
PW:0001721
lisinopril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisinopril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of benazepril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:16:42Z
pathway
PW:0001722
benazepril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of benazepril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benazepril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of benazepril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:17:37Z
pathway
SMP:00591
PW:0001723
benazepril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of benazepril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benazepril
The pathway of benazepril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:18:19Z
pathway
SMP:00145
PW:0001724
benazepril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of benazepril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benazepril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of trandolapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:22:58Z
pathway
PW:0001725
trandolapril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of trandolapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trandolapril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of trandolapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:23:39Z
pathway
SMP:00599
PW:0001726
trandolapril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of trandolapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trandolapril
The pathway of trandolapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:24:28Z
pathway
SMP:00157
PW:0001727
trandolapril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of trandolapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trandolapril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cilazapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:29:14Z
pathway
PW:0001728
cilazapril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cilazapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilazapril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cilazapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:30:49Z
pathway
SMP:00592
PW:0001729
cilazapril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cilazapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilazapril
The pathway of cilazapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-06-05T13:31:57Z
pathway
SMP:00147
PW:0001730
cilazapril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of cilazapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilazapril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ticlopidine, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-09T15:59:42Z
pathway
PW:0001731
ticlopidine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ticlopidine, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticlopidine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ticlopidine, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-09T16:01:52Z
pathway
SMP:00611
PW:0001732
ticlopidine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ticlopidine, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticlopidine
The pathway of ticlopidine-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug can irreversibly block the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-09T16:02:09Z
pathway
SMP:00261
PW:0001733
ticlopidine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ticlopidine-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug can irreversibly block the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticlopidine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors drugs - beta-agonists. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta-agonists are used to stimulate these responses. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T09:29:27Z
pathway
PW:0001734
adrenergic beta receptor drug pathway - beta agonist
true
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors drugs - beta-agonists. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta-agonists are used to stimulate these responses. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:19874988
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta receptor antagonists are used to inhibit these responses and they are either selective or non-selective. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T09:46:07Z
pathway
PW:0001735
adrenergic beta receptor antagonist drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta receptor antagonists are used to inhibit these responses and they are either selective or non-selective. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_blocker
vpetri
2015-06-12T09:47:29Z
pathway
PW:0001736
adrenergic beta receptor agonist drug pathway
true
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of selective adrenergic beta receptors blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta-1 receptor antagonists are used to inhibit these responses. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T09:58:00Z
pathway
PW:0001737
adrenergic beta receptor selective antagonist drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of selective adrenergic beta receptors blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta-1 receptor antagonists are used to inhibit these responses. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_blocker
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of non-selective adrenergic beta receptors blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta receptor antagonists are used to inhibit these responses. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T09:59:01Z
pathway
PW:0001738
adrenergic beta receptor non-selective antagonist drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of non-selective adrenergic beta receptors blockers. Adrenergic beta receptors, in response to epinephrine or norepinephrine couple to the Gs alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein to elicit several responses. Beta receptor antagonists are used to inhibit these responses. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_blocker
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of timolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. It binds and inhibits the beta 1 receptor and is used in for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:07:11Z
pathway
PW:0001739
timolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of timolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. It binds and inhibits the beta 1 receptor and is used in for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of timolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:09:17Z
pathway
PW:0001740
timolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of timolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timolol
The pathway of timolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:09:57Z
pathway
SMP:00659
PW:0001741
timolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of timolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tirofiban, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:22:21Z
pathway
PW:0001742
tirofiban drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tirofiban, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirofiban
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tirofiban, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:22:51Z
pathway
PW:0001743
tirofiban pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tirofiban, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirofiban
The pathway of tirofiban-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tirofiban is a reversible inhibitor of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:23:14Z
pathway
SMP:00267
PW:0001744
tirofiban pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of tirofiban-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tirofiban is a reversible inhibitor of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirofiban
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tobramycine - an anti-bacterial antibiotic, used primarily for the treatment of Gram-negative infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:30:17Z
pathway
PW:0001745
tobramycin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tobramycine - an anti-bacterial antibiotic, used primarily for the treatment of Gram-negative infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobramycin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tobramycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:30:32Z
pathway
PW:0001746
tobramycin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tobramycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobramycin
The pathway of tobramycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Kanamycin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis and is used in the treatment of Gram-negative infections. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:30:49Z
pathway
SMP:00711
PW:0001747
tobramycin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of tobramycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Kanamycin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis and is used in the treatment of Gram-negative infections. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobramycin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tolmetin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:46:51Z
pathway
PW:0001748
tolmetin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tolmetin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolmetin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tolmetin, an antirheumatic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:47:07Z
pathway
PW:0001749
tolmetin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tolmetin, an antirheumatic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolmetin
The pathway of tolmetin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tolmetin is thought to inhibit cyclooxygenases and thus block prostaglandin synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-06-12T10:47:22Z
pathway
SMP:00704
PW:0001750
tolmetin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of tolmetin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tolmetin is thought to inhibit cyclooxygenases and thus block prostaglandin synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolmetin
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of pyruvate metabolism. The pyruvate metabolic pathway is at the intersection of pathways important for glucose and energy homeostasis. Alterations involve several and important components.
vpetri
2015-06-12T11:11:45Z
inborn error of pyruvate metabolism disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001751
inborn error of pyruvate metabolism pathway
vpetri
2015-06-12T11:15:48Z
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency pathway
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00212
PW:0001752
pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency pathway
vpetri
2015-06-12T11:17:23Z
pathway
SMP:00334
PW:0001753
pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 deficiency pathway
vpetri
2015-06-12T11:18:37Z
pathway
SMP:00551
PW:0001754
pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 deficiency pathway
vpetri
2015-06-12T11:19:20Z
pathway
SMP:00550
PW:0001755
pyruvate dehydrogenase E3 deficiency pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, folding and/or degradation of peptides and proteins, including the synthesis of protein/peptide/amino-acid based hormones.
VPetri
2015-07-14T08:11:09Z
pathway
PW:0001756
peptide and protein metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, folding and/or degradation of peptide and protein hormones, and those derived from them.
VPetri
2015-07-14T08:15:56Z
pathway
PW:0001757
peptide and protein hormone metabolic pathway
The insulin precursor, preproinsulin is subject to several processing steps in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus before ending as the mature zinc-insulin hexamer stored in secretory granules. The expression of insulin is confined to the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
VPetri
2015-07-14T08:27:18Z
pathway
Insulin processing
preproinsulin processing pathway
PW:0001758
insulin biosynthetic pathway
The insulin precursor, preproinsulin is subject to several processing steps in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus before ending as the mature zinc-insulin hexamer stored in secretory granules. The expression of insulin is confined to the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
GO:0030070
PMID:24843567
Reactome:R-HSA-264876
The preproglucagon processing pathway gives rise to several peptide hormones in a tissue and cell specific manner. A subset, including glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide-2, and oxyntomodulin, are better characterized. The function of other preproglucagon derived peptides, remains to be established.
VPetri
2015-07-14T08:47:05Z
pathway
PW:0001759
preproglucagon processing pathway
The preproglucagon processing pathway gives rise to several peptide hormones in a tissue and cell specific manner. A subset, including glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide-2, and oxyntomodulin, are better characterized. The function of other preproglucagon derived peptides, remains to be established.
PMID:25834231
The processing of preproglucagon precursor that gives to the glucagon hormone in the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
VPetri
2015-07-14T08:49:32Z
pathway
PW:0001760
glucagon biosynthetic pathway
The processing of preproglucagon precursor that gives to the glucagon hormone in the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
PMID:25834231
The processing of the preproglucagon precursor that gives rise to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the intestinal L cells and discrete sets of neurons.
VPetri
2015-07-14T08:52:58Z
pathway
GLP-1 biosynthetic pathway
PW:0001761
glucagon-like peptide-1 biosynthetic pathway
The processing of the preproglucagon precursor that gives rise to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the intestinal L cells and discrete sets of neurons.
PMID:25834231
The processing of the preproglucagon precursor that gives rise to glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) in the intestinal L cell and discrete sets of neurons.
VPetri
2015-07-14T08:55:18Z
pathway
GLP-2 biosynthetic pathway
PW:0001762
glucagon-like peptide-2 biosynthetic pathway
The processing of the preproglucagon precursor that gives rise to glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) in the intestinal L cell and discrete sets of neurons.
PMID:25834231
The processing of the preproglucagon precursor that gives rise to oxyntomodulin in the intestinal L cells and discrete sets of neurons.
VPetri
2015-07-14T09:07:01Z
pathway
PW:0001763
oxyntomodulin biosynthetic pathway
The processing of the preproglucagon precursor that gives rise to oxyntomodulin in the intestinal L cells and discrete sets of neurons.
PMID:25834231
The signaling pathway initiated by a radical. The reactivity of free radicals renders them potentially hazardous but it can also positively contribute to many biological processes. The generation, utilization and neutralization of radicals is tightly regulated. Disturbance in the levels and regulation of radicals leads to pathological states including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and aging.
VPetri
2015-07-29T09:05:15Z
pathway
PW:0001764
radical mediated signaling pathway
The signaling pathway initiated by a radical. The reactivity of free radicals renders them potentially hazardous but it can also positively contribute to many biological processes. The generation, utilization and neutralization of radicals is tightly regulated. Disturbance in the levels and regulation of radicals leads to pathological states including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and aging.
PMID:22396858
Superoxide and the radicals for which it is a precursor participate in several reactions and processes important in immunity and epigenetics.
VPetri
2015-07-29T09:21:54Z
pathway
PW:0001765
superoxide mediated signaling pathway
Superoxide and the radicals for which it is a precursor participate in several reactions and processes important in immunity and epigenetics.
PMID:26029480
RNA molecules such as ribosomal and transfer RNA, rRNA and tRNA respectively, undergo many modifications to achieve functionality. Among the many modifications, there are those introduced by iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster-containing enzymes. Most have radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) domains that use SAM to produce 5-adenosyl radical; the intermediate allows them to mediate a vast range of chemical transformations.
VPetri
2015-07-29T10:12:30Z
pathway
PW:0001766
radical SAM enzyme mediated RNA processing pathway
RNA molecules such as ribosomal and transfer RNA, rRNA and tRNA respectively, undergo many modifications to achieve functionality. Among the many modifications, there are those introduced by iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster-containing enzymes. Most have radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) domains that use SAM to produce 5-adenosyl radical; the intermediate allows them to mediate a vast range of chemical transformations.
PMID:25477525
PMID:25533083
The radical SAM enzymes use their iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster(s) generate a radical using the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the substrate. The intermediate radical allows these enzymes to mediate a vast range of chemical transformations important for co-factor and lipid metabolism, peptide and RNA modification.
VPetri
2015-07-29T10:33:14Z
pathway
PW:0001767
radical SAM enzyme mediated metabolic pathway
The radical SAM enzymes use their iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster(s) generate a radical using the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the substrate. The intermediate radical allows these enzymes to mediate a vast range of chemical transformations important for co-factor and lipid metabolism, peptide and RNA modification.
PMID:25477525
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of docetaxel - an antineoplastiic agent. It is an anti-mitotic drug whose cytotoxicity affects tumor cells but can also extend to other dividing cells. In some cases, the drug could cause severe side effects and deaths due to its toxicity have been reported. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-03T15:18:34Z
pathway
PW:0001768
docetaxel drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of docetaxel - an antineoplastiic agent. It is an anti-mitotic drug whose cytotoxicity affects tumor cells but can also extend to other dividing cells. In some cases, the drug could cause severe side effects and deaths due to its toxicity have been reported. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docetaxel
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of docetaxel. Docetaxel is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-03T15:25:13Z
pathway
PW:0001769
docetaxel pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of docetaxel. Docetaxel is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docetaxel
The pathway of docetaxel-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Docetaxel is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-03T15:25:54Z
pathway
SMP:00435
PW:0001770
docetaxel pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of docetaxel-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Docetaxel is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docetaxel
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tenofovir, an antirfetroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection and hepatitis B. It is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-03T15:46:00Z
pathway
PW:0001771
tenofovir drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tenofovir, an antirfetroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection and hepatitis B. It is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenofovir
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tenofovir - a nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-03T15:46:14Z
pathway
SMP:00630
PW:0001772
tenofovir pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tenofovir - a nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenofovir
The pathway of tenofovir-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tenofovir is a nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-03T15:46:43Z
pathway
SMP:00419
PW:0001773
tenofovir pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of tenofovir-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tenofovir is a nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenofovir
A pathway triggered by administration of docetaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug. Docetaxel inhibits mitotic cell division and its cytotoxicity extends to all dividing cells, not just tumor cells. Severe side effects and even death cases have been reported.
VPetri
2015-08-07T13:42:12Z
pathway
PW:0001774
docetaxel response pathway
A pathway triggered by administration of docetaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug. Docetaxel inhibits mitotic cell division and its cytotoxicity extends to all dividing cells, not just tumor cells. Severe side effects and even death cases have been reported.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docetaxel
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from impaired pyruvate metabolism. An absent or decreased activity of pyruvate carboxylase results in an altered pyruvate pathway.
VPetri
2015-08-07T14:14:22Z
pyruvate carboxylase deficiency disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00350
PW:0001775
pyruvate carboxylase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from impaired pyruvate metabolism. An absent or decreased activity of pyruvate carboxylase results in an altered pyruvate pathway.
PMIM:266150
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of purine and/or pyrimidine metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways.
VPetri
2015-08-07T14:20:56Z
inborn error of purine-pyrimidine metabolism disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001776
inborn error of purine-pyrimidine metabolism pathway
A rather rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency resulting from decreased T-cell function. Disruption of purine nucleoside phosphorylase results in an altered purine salvage pathway.
VPetri
2015-08-07T14:23:48Z
PNP deficiency pathway
deficiency of inosine phosphorylase pathway
pathway
SMP:00210
PW:0001777
purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency pathway
A rather rare autosomal recessive immunodeficiency resulting from decreased T-cell function. Disruption of purine nucleoside phosphorylase results in an altered purine salvage pathway.
OMIM:613179
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to mutations in propionyl CoA carboxylase genes resulting in alteration of amino acid metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2015-08-07T14:37:35Z
ketotic glycinemia pathway
ketotic hyperglycinemia pathway
propionic acidemia disease pathway
propionic aciduria pathway
propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00236
PW:0001778
propionic acidemia pathway
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to mutations in propionyl CoA carboxylase genes resulting in alteration of amino acid metabolic pathways.
OMIM:606054
A rare recessive metabolic disorder arising from alteration in the purine metabolic pathway.
VPetri
2015-08-07T14:45:31Z
pathway
SMP:00537
myo
myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
PW:0001779
adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency pathway
A rare recessive metabolic disorder arising from alteration in the purine metabolic pathway.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate_deaminase_deficiency_type_1
VPetri
2015-08-07T15:52:54Z
hyperoxaluria disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001780
hyperoxaluria pathway
A genetic disorder characterized by the excretion of large amounts of oxalate and present in several forms depending on the alteration of the glyoxalate metabolic pathway.
VPetri
2015-08-07T15:53:23Z
primary hyperoxaluria disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001781
primary hyperoxaluria pathway
A genetic disorder characterized by the excretion of large amounts of oxalate and present in several forms depending on the alteration of the glyoxalate metabolic pathway.
MeSH:D006960
Hyperoxaluria results from alteration in the glyoxylate metabolic pathway. Type 1 is due to mutations in the alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) enzyme.
VPetri
2015-08-07T15:58:55Z
primary hyperoxaluria type 1 disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00352
PW:0001782
primary hyperoxaluria type 1 pathway
Hyperoxaluria results from alteration in the glyoxylate metabolic pathway. Type 1 is due to mutations in the alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) enzyme.
OMIM:259900
Hyperoxaluria results from alteration in the glyoxylate metabolic pathway. Type 2 is due to mutations in the glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) enzyme.
VPetri
2015-08-07T16:03:23Z
primary hyperoxaluria type 2 disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00558
PW:0001783
primary hyperoxaluria type 2 pathway
Hyperoxaluria results from alteration in the glyoxylate metabolic pathway. Type 2 is due to mutations in the glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR) enzyme.
OMIM:260000
A group of metabolic conditions due to alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway in bone marrow, the liver or both. They are further classified depending on the enzymes that are deficient or the site.
VPetri
2015-08-07T16:23:02Z
porphyria disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001784
porphyria pathway
A group of metabolic conditions due to alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway in bone marrow, the liver or both. They are further classified depending on the enzymes that are deficient or the site.
MeSH:D011164
One of several liver porphyrias, all resulting from alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Here, the deficient enzyme is protoporphyrinogen oxidase.
VPetri
2015-08-10T12:58:26Z
porphyria variegata disease pathway
protocoproporphyria pathway
protoporphyrinogen oxidase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00346
PW:0001785
variegate porphyria pathway
One of several liver porphyrias, all resulting from alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Here, the deficient enzyme is protoporphyrinogen oxidase.
MeSH:D017094
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tranexamic acid, an inhibitor of enzymes involved in fibrinolysis and as such, effective in the treatment of certain bleeding disorders It is also used in surgery to prevent excessive bleeding. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T13:41:25Z
pathway
PW:0001786
tranexamic acid drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tranexamic acid, an inhibitor of enzymes involved in fibrinolysis and as such, effective in the treatment of certain bleeding disorders It is also used in surgery to prevent excessive bleeding. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranexamic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tranexamic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T13:43:10Z
pathway
PW:0001787
tranexamic acid pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tranexamic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranexamic_acid
The pathway of tranexamic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is an inhibitor of plasminogen and used to treat bleeding conditions and in surgery to prevent excessive bleeding Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T13:43:36Z
pathway
SMP:00287
PW:0001788
tranexamic acid pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of tranexamic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is an inhibitor of plasminogen and used to treat bleeding conditions and in surgery to prevent excessive bleeding Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranexamic_acid
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that target the renin-angiotensin system, such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists.
VPetri
2015-08-10T14:22:48Z
pathway
PW:0001789
renin-angiotensin system drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of triamterene, a sodium channel blocker used to lower blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T14:37:45Z
pathway
PW:0001790
triamterene drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of triamterene, a sodium channel blocker used to lower blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triamterene
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of triamterene. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T14:39:15Z
pathway
PW:0001791
triamterene pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of triamterene. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triamterene
The pathway of triamterene-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the epithelial sodium channels and is used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T14:39:36Z
pathway
SMP:00132
PW:0001792
triamterene pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of triamterene-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the epithelial sodium channels and is used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triamterene
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tenoxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T14:58:08Z
pathway
PW:0001793
tenoxicam drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tenoxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenoxicam
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tenoxicam, an antirheumatic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T14:58:38Z
pathway
PW:0001794
tenoxicam pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of tenoxicam, an antirheumatic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenoxicam
The pathway of tenoxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tenoxicam is thought to inhibit cyclooxygenases and thus block prostaglandin synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T14:59:07Z
pathway
SMP:00706
PW:0001795
tenoxicam pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of tenoxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Tenoxicam is thought to inhibit cyclooxygenases and thus block prostaglandin synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenoxicam
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of essential hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T15:06:23Z
pathway
PW:0001796
telmisartan drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of essential hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telmisartan
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of telmisartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T15:06:58Z
pathway
PW:0001797
telmisartan pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of telmisartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telmisartan
The pathway of telmisartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T15:07:26Z
pathway
SMP:00164
PW:0001798
telmisartan pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of telmisartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telmisartan
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T15:18:18Z
pathway
PW:0001799
sulindac drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sulindac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic inflammatory conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulindac
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of sulindac, an anti-inflammatory drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-10T15:18:43Z
pathway
PW:0001800
sulindac pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of sulindac, an anti-inflammatory drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulindac
The pathway of sulindac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sulindac is thought to interfere with prostaglandin synthesis.
VPetri
2015-08-10T15:19:11Z
pathway
SMP:00094
PW:0001801
sulindac pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of sulindac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sulindac is thought to interfere with prostaglandin synthesis.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulindac
A pathway triggered by administration of doxorubicin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin is primarily manifested in its cardiotoxic effect that can lead to heart failure, Possible causes are reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired iron homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction.
VPetri
2015-08-18T13:42:18Z
pathway
PW:0001802
doxorubicin response pathway
A pathway triggered by administration of doxorubicin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin is primarily manifested in its cardiotoxic effect that can lead to heart failure, Possible causes are reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired iron homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction.
PMID:25895646
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of streptomycin, a bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-19T15:13:23Z
pathway
PW:0001803
streptomycin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of streptomycin, a bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin
Streptomycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and as such is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
VPetri
2015-08-19T15:17:47Z
pathway
SMP:00259
PW:0001804
streptomycin pharmacodynamics pathway
Streptomycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and as such is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin
A group of autosomal recessive disorders resulting from alterations in amino acid metabolism, mostly due to deficiency of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase. The enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
VPetri
2015-08-19T15:26:47Z
Følling's disease pathway
PKU pathway
phenylalaninemia pathway
phenylketonuria disease pathway
pathway
Phenylketonuria
PW:0001805
phenylketonuria pathway
A group of autosomal recessive disorders resulting from alterations in amino acid metabolism, mostly due to deficiency of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase. The enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
OMIM:261600
Reactome:R-HSA-2160456
SMP:00206
An inherited disorder resulting from alteration in the urea cycle metabolic pathway.
VPetri
2015-08-20T08:14:07Z
deficiency of citrulline phosphorylase pathway
ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00205
ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency pathway
PW:0001806
ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency pathway
An inherited disorder resulting from alteration in the urea cycle metabolic pathway.
MeSH:D020163
A progressive atrophy of the choroid and retina resulting from alterations in amino acid metabolic pathways involving ornithine aminotransferase enzyme.
VPetri
2015-08-20T08:19:38Z
pathway
SMP:00363
ornithine aminotransferase deficiency pathway
PW:0001807
gyrate atrophy pathway
A progressive atrophy of the choroid and retina resulting from alterations in amino acid metabolic pathways involving ornithine aminotransferase enzyme.
OMIM:258870
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the glycine metabolic pathway.
VPetri
2015-08-20T08:25:59Z
PW:0001934
non-ketotic hyperglycinemia pathway
nonketotic hyperglycinemia disease pathway
nonketotic hyperglycinemia pathway
pathway
SMP:00223
SMP:00485
PW:0001808
nonketotic hyperglycinemia pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the glycine metabolic pathway.
OMIM:605899
A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations purine-pyrimidine and/or amino acid metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2015-08-20T08:35:52Z
pathway
MMSDH deficiency pathway
SMP:00384
PW:0001809
methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations purine-pyrimidine and/or amino acid metabolic pathways.
OMIM:614105
An inherited condition resulting from alterations in the metabolic pathway whereby methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is converted into succinyl-CoA.
VPetri
2015-08-20T08:42:09Z
methylmalonic acidemia disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00200
methylmalonic aciduria disease pathway
PW:0001810
methylmalonic acidemia pathway
An inherited condition resulting from alterations in the metabolic pathway whereby methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is converted into succinyl-CoA.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylmalonic_acidemia
A form of methylmalonic aciduria disease pathway involving cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the methionine and homocysteine metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2015-08-20T08:50:16Z
methylmalonic aciduria, cobalamin-related disease pathway
methylmalonic aciduria, cobalamin-related, disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00201
PW:0001811
methylmalonic aciduria, cobalamin-related pathway
A form of methylmalonic aciduria disease pathway involving cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the methionine and homocysteine metabolic pathways.
OMIM:613646
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from defects in mevalonate kinase, one of the two kinases sequentially phosphorylating mevalonate to isopentenyl pyrophosphate in the isoprenoid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways.
VPetri
2015-08-20T09:03:28Z
mevalonate kinase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00509
SMP:00510
hyper-IgD syndrome pathway
hyperimmunoglobulinemia D disease pathway
mevalonic aciduria disease pathway
PW:0001812
mevalonic aciduria pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from defects in mevalonate kinase, one of the two kinases sequentially phosphorylating mevalonate to isopentenyl pyrophosphate in the isoprenoid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways.
OMIM:610377
A condition resulting from alterations in the electron transport chain metabolic pathway involving the NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex I.
VPetri
2015-08-20T09:20:06Z
pathway
PW:0001813
mitochondrial complex I deficiency pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the electron transport chain metabolic pathway involving the NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex I.
OMIM:252010
A condition resulting from alterations in the electron transport chain metabolic pathway involving the succinate dehydrogenase complex II.
VPetri
2015-08-20T09:20:28Z
isolated mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II deficiency pathway
isolated succinate-CoQ reductase deficiency pathway
isolated succinate-coenzyme Q reductase deficiency pathway
isolated succinate-ubiquinone reductase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00548
PW:0001814
mitochondrial complex II deficiency pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the electron transport chain metabolic pathway involving the succinate dehydrogenase complex II.
OMIM:252011
A condition resulting from alterations in the electron transport chain metabolic pathway involving complex III.
VPetri
2015-08-20T09:21:16Z
pathway
PW:0001815
mitochondrial complex III deficiency pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the electron transport chain metabolic pathway involving complex III.
OMIM:124000
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of metal metabolism. The mutations can disrupt one or several pathways.
VPetri
2015-08-20T09:35:09Z
inborn error of metal metabolism disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001816
inborn error of metal metabolism pathway
A disorder resulting from alterations in the molybdenum biosynthetic pathway.
VPetri
2015-08-20T09:36:31Z
MOCOD pathway
combined deficiency of sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase pathway
pathway
SMP:00203
PW:0001817
molybdenum cofactor deficiency pathway
A disorder resulting from alterations in the molybdenum biosynthetic pathway.
OMIM:252150
A group of lysosomal storage diseases resulting from alterations in the glycosaminoglycans degradation pathway.
VPetri
2015-08-20T09:52:01Z
mucopolysaccharidoses disease pathway
pathway
Mucopolysaccharidoses
PW:0001818
mucopolysaccharidoses pathway
A group of lysosomal storage diseases resulting from alterations in the glycosaminoglycans degradation pathway.
Reactome:R-HSA-2206281
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of stavudine, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. It belongs to the family of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T10:07:49Z
pathway
PW:0001819
stavudine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of stavudine, an anti-viral drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. It belongs to the family of nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavudine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of stavudine, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T10:09:32Z
pathway
PW:0001820
stavudine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of stavudine, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavudine
The pathway of stavudine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Stavudine is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Stavudine, in its active triphosphate form, inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T10:09:52Z
pathway
SMP:00745
PW:0001821
stavudine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of stavudine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Stavudine is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Stavudine, in its active triphosphate form, inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavudine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of spironolactone - a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T10:29:12Z
pathway
PW:0001822
spironolactone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of spironolactone - a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spironolactone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of spironolactone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T10:29:27Z
pathway
PW:0001823
spironolactone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of spironolactone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spironolactone
The pathway of spironolactone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug inhibits the effects of aldosterone by competing with its receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T10:29:44Z
pathway
SMP:00134
PW:0001824
spironolactone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of spironolactone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug inhibits the effects of aldosterone by competing with its receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spironolactone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of spirapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T10:49:54Z
pathway
PW:0001825
spirapril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of spirapril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirapril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of spirapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T10:50:08Z
pathway
SMP:00598
PW:0001826
spirapril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of spirapril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirapril
The pathway of spirapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T10:50:24Z
pathway
SMP:00156
PW:0001827
spirapril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of spirapril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirapril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sotalol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. It binds and inhibits the beta 1 and beta 2 receptors and is used for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T11:09:58Z
pathway
PW:0001828
sotalol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sotalol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. It binds and inhibits the beta 1 and beta 2 receptors and is used for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotalol
The pathway of sotalol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta 1 and beta 2. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T11:10:35Z
pathway
SMP:00660
PW:0001829
sotalol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of sotalol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta 1 and beta 2. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotalol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sotalol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-20T11:11:16Z
pathway
PW:0001830
sotalol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sotalol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotalol
An iron homeostasis pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Either iron deficiency or iron overload contributes to the development of numerous conditions, from anemia to inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular, infection and neurodegenerative diseases.
VPetri
2015-08-21T08:55:23Z
pathway
PW:0001831
altered iron homeostasis pathway
An iron homeostasis pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Either iron deficiency or iron overload contributes to the development of numerous conditions, from anemia to inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular, infection and neurodegenerative diseases.
PMID:26805813
VPetri
2015-08-21T08:57:45Z
pathway
PW:0001832
altered metal homeostasis pathway
An inorganic chemical homeostasis pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
VPetri
2015-08-21T08:58:09Z
pathway
PW:0001833
altered inorganic chemical homeostasis pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of roxatidine acetate - a histamine H2 specific receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-24T15:00:43Z
pathway
PW:0001834
roxatidine acetate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of roxatidine acetate - a histamine H2 specific receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxatidine_acetate
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of roxatidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-24T15:03:13Z
pathway
PW:0001835
roxatidine acetate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of roxatidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxatidine_acetate
The pathway of roxatidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a specific antagonist H2 receptor and it is used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-24T15:03:34Z
pathway
SMP:00734
PW:0001836
roxatidine acetate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of roxatidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a specific antagonist H2 receptor and it is used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxatidine_acetate
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of risedronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-24T15:20:24Z
pathway
PW:0001837
risedronate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of risedronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risedronic_acid
The pathway of risedronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Risedronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-24T15:25:37Z
pathway
SMP:00112
PW:0001838
risedronate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of risedronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Risedronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:15932344
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of risedronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-24T15:25:46Z
pathway
PW:0001839
risedronate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of risedronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:15932344
A condition of elevated levels of homocysteine usually due to alteration in folate metabolic pathways. Homocysteine is an intermediate in the methionine metabolic cycle. It can be remethylated to methionine or it can follow the transsulfuration pathway.
VPetri
2015-08-24T16:01:46Z
hyperhomocysteinemia disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001840
hyperhomocysteinemia pathway
A condition of elevated levels of homocysteine usually due to alteration in folate metabolic pathways. Homocysteine is an intermediate in the methionine metabolic cycle. It can be remethylated to methionine or it can follow the transsulfuration pathway.
MeSH:D020138
An autosomal recessive condition downstream of homocysteine and involving alterations in the transsulfuration pathway. Usually, it is due to defects in the first enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, cystathione beta synthase.
VPetri
2015-08-24T16:06:13Z
CBS deficiency pathway
cystathionine synthase deficiency pathway
homocystinuria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00177
SMP:00515
cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency pathway
PW:0001841
homocystinuria pathway
An autosomal recessive condition downstream of homocysteine and involving alterations in the transsulfuration pathway. Usually, it is due to defects in the first enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, cystathione beta synthase.
OMIM:236200
Damage to mitochondria will promote mitophagy, the mitochondrial autophagy pathway. It exhibits features common to macroautophagy or the regular autophagy, and also features that are distinct. Under more sustained stress, the cell will promote apoptosis. Translocation of cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of the mitochondrial inner membrane, to the outer membrane, provides a signal of mitochondrial dysfunction.
VPetri
2015-08-26T13:40:45Z
pathway
Mitophagy
mitophagy pathway
PW:0001842
mitochondrial autophagy pathway
Damage to mitochondria will promote mitophagy, the mitochondrial autophagy pathway. It exhibits features common to macroautophagy or the regular autophagy, and also features that are distinct. Under more sustained stress, the cell will promote apoptosis. Translocation of cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of the mitochondrial inner membrane, to the outer membrane, provides a signal of mitochondrial dysfunction.
GO:0000423
PMID:22743996
PMID:23065344
PMID:25673287
PMID:25840011
Reactome:R-HSA-5205647
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ranitidine acetate - a histamine H2 specific receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-28T10:10:08Z
pathway
PW:0001843
ranitidine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ranitidine acetate - a histamine H2 specific receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ranitidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-28T10:12:00Z
pathway
PW:0001844
ranitidine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ranitidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidine
The pathway of ranitidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a specific antagonist H2 receptor and it is used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-28T10:12:18Z
pathway
SMP:00230
PW:0001845
ranitidine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ranitidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a specific antagonist H2 receptor and it is used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-28T10:19:13Z
pathway
PW:0001846
rabeprazole drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of rabeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabeprazole
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of rabeprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-28T10:22:11Z
pathway
SMP:00616
PW:0001847
rabeprazole pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of rabeprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabeprazole
The pathway of rabeprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Rabeprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-28T10:22:28Z
pathway
SMP:00229
PW:0001848
rabeprazole pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of rabeprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Rabeprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabeprazole
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of quinidine, a class I antiarrhythmic agent that can increase cardiac action potential. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-28T12:49:25Z
pathway
PW:0001849
quinidine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of quinidine, a class I antiarrhythmic agent that can increase cardiac action potential. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinidine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of quinidine, a class I antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-28T13:01:36Z
pathway
PW:0001850
quinidine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of quinidine, a class I antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinidine
The pathway of quinidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Its primary action is blocking the fast inward sodium current. However, it can impact on other currents and channels, such as the slow inward calcium, the rapid and slow components of the delayed potassium, and the inward potassium rectifier currents, and the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-08-28T13:02:15Z
pathway
SMP:00323
PW:0001851
quinidine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of quinidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Its primary action is blocking the fast inward sodium current. However, it can impact on other currents and channels, such as the slow inward calcium, the rapid and slow components of the delayed potassium, and the inward potassium rectifier currents, and the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinidine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of propanolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T10:17:07Z
pathway
PW:0001852
propranolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of propanolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propranolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of propanolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T10:17:49Z
pathway
PW:0001853
propranolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of propanolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propranolol
The pathway of propanolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T10:18:20Z
pathway
SMP:00307
PW:0001854
propranolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of propanolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propranolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of procaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. It also has anti--inflammatory and mood enhancing effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T10:27:50Z
pathway
novocaine drug pathway
PW:0001855
procaine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of procaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. It also has anti--inflammatory and mood enhancing effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procaine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of procaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T10:31:17Z
pathway
novocaine pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0001856
procaine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of procaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procaine
The pathway of procaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T10:32:11Z
pathway
SMP:00402
novocaine pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0001857
procaine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of procaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procaine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of procainamide, a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug. There are many adverse side effects and the cytotoxicity of the drug is documented. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T10:40:14Z
pathway
PW:0001858
procainamide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of procainamide, a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug. There are many adverse side effects and the cytotoxicity of the drug is documented. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procainamide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of procainamide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T10:47:25Z
pathway
PW:0001859
procainamide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of procainamide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procainamide
The pathway of procainamide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that can also elicit serious cytotoxic effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T10:47:57Z
pathway
SMP:00324
PW:0001860
procainamide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of procainamide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that can also elicit serious cytotoxic effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procainamide
A pathway triggered by administration of procainamide, a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug. The cytotoxic effects impact on lymphocytes and interfere with pacemaker, among others. Many of the toxic effects may result from acetylation of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T10:48:36Z
pathway
PW:0001861
procainamide response pathway
A pathway triggered by administration of procainamide, a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug. The cytotoxic effects impact on lymphocytes and interfere with pacemaker, among others. Many of the toxic effects may result from acetylation of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procainamide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prednisone - a synthetic glucocorticoid that is particularly effective as a immunosuppressant drug. Both short- and long-term effects can occur. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T11:08:42Z
pathway
PW:0001862
prednisone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prednisone - a synthetic glucocorticoid that is particularly effective as a immunosuppressant drug. Both short- and long-term effects can occur. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednisone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of prednisone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T11:11:33Z
pathway
SMP:00631
PW:0001863
prednisone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of prednisone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednisone
The pathway of prednisone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T11:12:03Z
pathway
SMP:00440
PW:0001864
prednisone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of prednisone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednisone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of piroxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions and to relieve pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T12:07:27Z
pathway
PW:0001865
piroxicam drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of piroxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions and to relieve pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piroxicam
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of piroxicam, an anti-inflammatory drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T12:08:24Z
pathway
PW:0001866
piroxicam pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of piroxicam, an anti-inflammatory drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piroxicam
The pathway of piroxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-01T12:09:08Z
pathway
SMP:00077
PW:0001867
piroxicam pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of piroxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piroxicam
An inborn metabolic disorder resulting from alterations in the methionine cycle/metabolic pathway.
VPetri
2015-09-01T13:13:56Z
MAT I/III deficiency pathway
MAT deficiency pathway
isolated persistent hypermethioninemia pathway
methionine adenosyltransferase I/III deficiency pathway
methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00221
PW:0001868
hypermethioninemia pathway
An inborn metabolic disorder resulting from alterations in the methionine cycle/metabolic pathway.
OMIM:250850
An inherited condition resulting from impaired lipid metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2015-09-01T13:18:45Z
ACADM deficiency pathway
MCADH deficiency pathway
medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
pathway
MCAD deficiency pathway
SMP:00542
PW:0001869
medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
An inherited condition resulting from impaired lipid metabolic pathways.
OMIM:201450
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in branched-chain amino acid metabolic pathways. It has several forms and a range of phenotypes.
VPetri
2015-09-01T13:26:10Z
branched chain ketoaciduria pathway
dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
ketoacidemia pathway
pathway
SMP:00199
PW:0001870
maple syrup urine disease pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in branched-chain amino acid metabolic pathways. It has several forms and a range of phenotypes.
OMIM:248600
A disorder resulting from an impaired transport pathway of positively charged amino acids.
VPetri
2015-09-01T14:04:21Z
LPI pathway
dibasic amino aciduria II pathway
hyperdibasic aminoaciduria pathway
lysinuric protein intolerance disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00197
SMP:00585
PW:0001871
lysinuric protein intolerance pathway
A disorder resulting from an impaired transport pathway of positively charged amino acids.
OMIM:222700
Those conditions resulting from alterations in pathways involving genes on the X-chromosome in humans or in other species.
VPetri
2015-09-01T14:25:18Z
pathway
PW:0001872
X-linked genetic disease pathway
Those conditions resulting from alterations in pathways involving genes on the X-chromosome in humans or in other species.
MeSH:D040181
Those conditions resulting from alterations in pathways involving genes on the Y-chromosome in humans or in other species.
VPetri
2015-09-01T14:27:37Z
pathway
PW:0001873
Y-linked genetic disease pathway
Those conditions resulting from alterations in pathways involving genes on the Y-chromosome in humans or in other species.
MeSH:D050174
A rare autosomal condition resulting from an impaired amino acid metabolism.
VPetri
2015-09-01T14:54:06Z
isovaleric acid CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
isovaleric acidemia disease pathway
isovaleric aciduria pathway
isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00238
SMP:00524
isovaleric aciduria disease pathway
PW:0001874
isovaleric acidemia pathway
A rare autosomal condition resulting from an impaired amino acid metabolism.
OMIM:243500
A condition resulting from impaired amino acid metabolism.
VPetri
2015-09-01T15:01:33Z
pathway
SMP:00523
PW:0001875
isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of plasmalogen, a type of ether phospholipid found in many tissues, particularly in the cardiovascular, immune and nervous system.
VPetri
2015-09-01T15:50:36Z
pathway
SMP:00479
PW:0001876
plasmalogen metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of plasmalogen, a type of ether phospholipid found in many tissues, particularly in the cardiovascular, immune and nervous system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmalogen
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of plasmalogen.
VPetri
2015-09-01T15:54:44Z
pathway
Plasmalogen biosynthesis
PW:0001877
plasmalogen biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of plasmalogen.
Reactome:R-HSA-75896
SMP:00479
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmalogen
Genetic disorders involving intellectual disabilty resulting from alterations in pathways whose component genes are located on the X chromosome.
VPetri
2015-09-02T13:15:41Z
X-linked mental retardation disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001878
X-linked intellectual disability pathway
Genetic disorders involving intellectual disabilty resulting from alterations in pathways whose component genes are located on the X chromosome.
MeSH:D038901
An inherited disorder with several psychomotor phenotypes resulting from altered purine metabolism, particularly the salvage pathway, due to defects in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) gene, located on the X chromosome.
VPetri
2015-09-02T13:22:28Z
HG-PRT deficiency pathway
X-linked hyperuricemia pathway
complete hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency pathway
deficiency of IMP pyrophosphorylase pathway
hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00364
PW:0001879
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome pathway
An inherited disorder with several psychomotor phenotypes resulting from altered purine metabolism, particularly the salvage pathway, due to defects in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) gene, located on the X chromosome.
OMIM:300322
A condition associated with impaired renal tubular transport.
VPetri
2015-09-02T13:37:10Z
iminoglycinuria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00193
PW:0001880
iminoglycinuria pathway
A condition associated with impaired renal tubular transport.
OMIM:242600
A genetic metabolic disorder due to impaired bone alkaline phosphatase activity and manifesting in a range of phenotypes.
VPetri
2015-09-02T13:40:54Z
hypophosphatasia disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00503
PW:0001881
hypophosphatasia pathway
A genetic metabolic disorder due to impaired bone alkaline phosphatase activity and manifesting in a range of phenotypes.
MeSH:D007014
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pirenzepine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of peptic ulcers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-02T13:55:25Z
pathway
PW:0001882
pirenzepine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pirenzepine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of peptic ulcers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirenzepine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pirenzepine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-02T14:09:38Z
pathway
PW:0001883
pirenzepine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of pirenzepine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-02T14:10:01Z
pathway
SMP:00246
PW:0001884
pirenzepine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pentazocine, an opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-02T14:34:35Z
pathway
PW:0001885
pentazocine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pentazocine, an opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentazocine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pentazocine, an opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-02T14:38:00Z
pathway
PW:0001886
pentazocine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pentazocine, an opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentazocine
The pathway of pentazocine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pentazocine is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to more severe pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-02T14:38:28Z
pathway
SMP:00686
PW:0001887
pentazocine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of pentazocine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pentazocine is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to more severe pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentazocine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-02T15:07:16Z
pathway
PW:0001888
pantoprazole drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantoprazole
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pantoprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-02T15:08:25Z
pathway
SMP:00615
PW:0001889
pantoprazole pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pantoprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantoprazole
The pathway of pantoprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pantoprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-02T15:09:00Z
pathway
SMP:00228
PW:0001890
pantoprazole pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of pantoprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pantoprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantoprazole
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of streptomycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-02T15:31:20Z
pathway
PW:0001891
streptomycin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of streptomycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomycin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of calcium channel blockers - agents used as antihypertensive drugs. They are further classified as dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine drugs, and both classes are rather selective. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:14:36Z
pathway
PW:0001892
calcium channel blocker drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of calcium channel blockers - agents used as antihypertensive drugs. They are further classified as dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine drugs, and both classes are rather selective. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers - agents often used to treat angina and relatively selective for myocardium. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:31:04Z
pathway
PW:0001893
non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers - agents often used to treat angina and relatively selective for myocardium. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers - agents derived from dihydropyridine and used to reduce arterial pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:31:33Z
pathway
PW:0001894
dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers - agents derived from dihydropyridine and used to reduce arterial pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker developed for the treatment of hypertension but now used to prevent vasospasm. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:48:59Z
pathway
PW:0001895
nimodipine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker developed for the treatment of hypertension but now used to prevent vasospasm. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimodipine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:50:07Z
pathway
PW:0001896
nisoldipine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisoldipine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nitrendipine, a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:51:00Z
pathway
PW:0001897
nitrendipine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nitrendipine, a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrendipine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nimodipine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:54:17Z
pathway
PW:0001898
nimodipine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nimodipine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimodipine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nisoldipine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:54:36Z
pathway
PW:0001899
nisoldipine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nisoldipine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisoldipine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nitrendipine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:54:51Z
pathway
PW:0001900
nitrendipine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nitrendipine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrendipine
The pathway of nimodipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:55:14Z
pathway
SMP:00380
PW:0001901
nimodipine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nimodipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimodipine
The pathway of nisoldipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:55:29Z
pathway
SMP:00381
PW:0001902
nisoldipine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nisoldipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisoldipine
The pathway of nitrendipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T10:55:47Z
pathway
SMP:00382
PW:0001903
nitrendipine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nitrendipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrendipine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nizatidine - a histamine H2 specific receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T11:32:49Z
pathway
PW:0001904
nizatidine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nizatidine - a histamine H2 specific receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizatidine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nizatidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T11:33:48Z
pathway
PW:0001905
nizatidine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nizatidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizatidine
The pathway of nizatidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a histamine H2 receptor specific antagonist used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T11:34:19Z
pathway
SMP:00233
PW:0001906
nizatidine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nizatidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a histamine H2 receptor specific antagonist used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizatidine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T11:42:02Z
pathway
PW:0001907
olmesartan drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmesartan
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of olmesartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T11:42:20Z
pathway
PW:0001908
olmesartan pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of olmesartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmesartan
The pathway of olmesartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T11:42:47Z
pathway
SMP:00163
PW:0001909
olmesartan pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of olmesartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmesartan
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nebivolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T12:21:35Z
pathway
PW:0001910
nebivolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nebivolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebivolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nebivolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T12:22:06Z
pathway
PW:0001911
nebivolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nebivolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebivolol
The pathway of nebivolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T12:22:47Z
pathway
SMP:00366
PW:0001912
nebivolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nebivolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebivolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of naproxen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T12:33:24Z
pathway
PW:0001913
naproxen drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of naproxen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naproxen
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of naproxen. The drug is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T12:33:57Z
pathway
PW:0001914
naproxen pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of naproxen. The drug is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naproxen
The pathway of naproxen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Naproxen is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T12:34:29Z
pathway
SMP:00120
PW:0001915
naproxen pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of naproxen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Naproxen is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naproxen
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of naltrexone, an antagonist of opioid receptors used in the treatment of substance dependence. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T12:42:29Z
pathway
PW:0001916
naltrexone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of naltrexone, an antagonist of opioid receptors used in the treatment of substance dependence. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naltrexone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of naltrexone, an antagonist of opioid receptors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T12:43:21Z
pathway
PW:0001917
naltrexone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of naltrexone, an antagonist of opioid receptors. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naltrexone
The pathway of naltrexone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of mu opioid receptor and to a lesser and much lesser extent, the kappa and delta opioid receptors, respectively. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T12:43:53Z
pathway
SMP:00687
PW:0001918
naltrexone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of naltrexone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of mu opioid receptor and to a lesser and much lesser extent, the kappa and delta opioid receptors, respectively. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naltrexone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nalbuphine, a semi-synthetic opioid used an analgesic for the relief of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T13:11:07Z
pathway
PW:0001919
nalbuphine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nalbuphine, a semi-synthetic opioid used an analgesic for the relief of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalbuphine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nalbuphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T13:29:00Z
pathway
PW:0001920
nalbuphine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nalbuphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalbuphine
The pathway of nalbuphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T13:29:06Z
pathway
SMP:00691
PW:0001921
nalbuphine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nalbuphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalbuphine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nabumetone, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes, preferentially COX-2 type. The drug is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T13:44:05Z
pathway
PW:0001922
nabumetone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nabumetone, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes, preferentially COX-2 type. The drug is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabumetone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nabumetone. The drug is rapidly metabolized in the liver to 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl, its major active metabolite. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T13:44:16Z
pathway
PW:0001923
nabumetone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nabumetone. The drug is rapidly metabolized in the liver to 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl, its major active metabolite. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabumetone
The pathway of nabumetone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Nabumetone is an inhibitor of COX-2 enzyme used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T13:45:11Z
pathway
SMP:00114
PW:0001924
nabumetone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nabumetone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Nabumetone is an inhibitor of COX-2 enzyme used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabumetone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of metolazone - a blocker of sodium -chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. The drug is used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T14:03:11Z
pathway
PW:0001925
metolazone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of metolazone - a blocker of sodium -chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. The drug is used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metolazone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of metolazone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T14:03:31Z
pathway
PW:0001926
metolazone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of metolazone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metolazone
The pathway of metolazone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the sodium-chloride symporter and is used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T14:04:00Z
pathway
SMP:00105
PW:0001927
metolazone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of metolazone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the sodium-chloride symporter and is used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metolazone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of metoprolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and several other conditions involving a faster than normal heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T14:34:30Z
pathway
PW:0001928
metoprolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of metoprolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and several other conditions involving a faster than normal heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoprolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of metoprolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T14:35:32Z
pathway
PW:0001929
metoprolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of metoprolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoprolol
The pathway of metoprolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-17T14:35:54Z
pathway
SMP:00302
PW:0001930
metoprolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of metoprolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoprolol
A condition resulting from alterations in the proline amino acid metabolic pathway and involving the enzyme proline oxidase.
VPetri
2015-09-17T15:21:03Z
hyperprolinemia disease pathway
hyperprolinemia pathway
pathway
SMP:00361
hyperprolinemia type I disease pathway
PW:0001931
hyperprolinemia type I pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the proline amino acid metabolic pathway and involving the enzyme proline oxidase.
OMIM:239510
A rare condition resulting from alterations in the proline amino acid metabolic pathway leading to high levels of proline and the related compound pyrroline-5-carboxylase in the circulation.
VPetri
2015-09-17T15:25:18Z
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
hyperprolinemia type II disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00360
PW:0001932
hyperprolinemia type II pathway
A rare condition resulting from alterations in the proline amino acid metabolic pathway leading to high levels of proline and the related compound pyrroline-5-carboxylase in the circulation.
OMIM:239510
A condition resulting from alterations in the various aspects of cholesterol metabolism or transport along with environmental or other diseases related aspects and manifesting in high levels of circulating cholesterol.
VPetri
2015-09-18T09:19:58Z
hypercholesterolemia disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00209
PW:0001933
hypercholesterolemia pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the various aspects of cholesterol metabolism or transport along with environmental or other diseases related aspects and manifesting in high levels of circulating cholesterol.
MeSH:D006937
VPetri
2015-09-18T09:26:59Z
pathway
SMP:00485
PW:0001934
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia disease pathway
true
A condition spanning a spectrum of manifestations that may also cause hypoglycemia resulting from alterations in glucose homeostasis and insulin related pathways.
VPetri
2015-09-18T09:39:35Z
hyperinsulinism disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001935
hyperinsulinism pathway
A condition spanning a spectrum of manifestations that may also cause hypoglycemia resulting from alterations in glucose homeostasis and insulin related pathways.
MeSH:D006946
A group of inherited disorders resulting from alterations in the lysine metabolic pathway.
VPetri
2015-09-18T09:46:36Z
hyperlysinemia disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00527
familial hyperlysinemia disease pathway
type I lysinemia disease pathway
PW:0001936
hyperlysinemia pathway
A group of inherited disorders resulting from alterations in the lysine metabolic pathway.
OMIM:238700
VPetri
2015-09-18T10:06:02Z
pathway
PW:0001937
<new term>
true
VPetri
2015-09-18T10:10:54Z
HPRT deficiency pathway
partial hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency pathway
pathway
HPRT-related gout disease pathway
SMP:00365
PW:0001938
Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of methadone, an acyclic analog of morphine and heroin acting on the same opioid receptors and used in the management of severe, chronic pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T14:15:14Z
pathway
PW:0001939
methadone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of methadone, an acyclic analog of morphine and heroin acting on the same opioid receptors and used in the management of severe, chronic pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methadone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of methadone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T14:17:58Z
pathway
SMP:00624
PW:0001940
methadone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of methadone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methadone
The pathway of methadone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Methadone binds the mu-opioid receptor of sensory neurons triggering downstream cascades that activate potassium channels while inactivating calcium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T14:18:23Z
pathway
SMP:00408
PW:0001941
methadone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of methadone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Methadone binds the mu-opioid receptor of sensory neurons triggering downstream cascades that activate potassium channels while inactivating calcium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methadone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mercaptopurine, an immunosuppressive drug used in the treatment of leukemia, Crohn's disease and colitis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T14:28:40Z
pathway
PW:0001942
mercaptopurine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mercaptopurine, an immunosuppressive drug used in the treatment of leukemia, Crohn's disease and colitis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercaptopurine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mercaptopurine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T14:30:23Z
pathway
SMP:00609
PW:0001943
mercaptopurine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mercaptopurine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercaptopurine
The pathway of mercaptopurine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used as an immunosuppressive and its cytotoxic effects result from its interference with nucleic acids synthesis and function. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T14:30:57Z
pathway
SMP:00428
PW:0001944
mercaptopurine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of mercaptopurine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used as an immunosuppressive and its cytotoxic effects result from its interference with nucleic acids synthesis and function. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercaptopurine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mepivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T14:49:04Z
pathway
PW:0001945
mepivacaine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mepivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mepivacaine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mepivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T14:50:59Z
pathway
PW:0001946
mepivacaine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mepivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mepivacaine
The pathway of mepivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It acts mainly as a blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T14:51:24Z
pathway
SMP:00399
PW:0001947
mepivacaine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of mepivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It acts mainly as a blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mepivacaine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T15:10:18Z
pathway
PW:0001948
meloxicam drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of piroxicam. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T15:11:04Z
pathway
PW:0001949
meloxicam pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of piroxicam. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam
The pathway of meloxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T15:11:35Z
pathway
SMP:00106
PW:0001950
meloxicam pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of meloxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meloxicam
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mefenamic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat mild to moderate pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T15:17:42Z
pathway
PW:0001951
mefenamic acid drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mefenamic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat mild to moderate pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mefenamic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mefenamic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T15:18:18Z
pathway
PW:0001952
mefenamic acid pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mefenamic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mefenamic_acid
The pathway of mefenamic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-22T15:18:58Z
pathway
SMP:00109
PW:0001953
mefenamic acid pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of mefenamic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mefenamic_acid
Nuclear eukaryotic DNA replication takes place in the context of the cell cycle during the S-phase. The fast and accurate replication of DNA requires the presence and the coordinated function of a complex of proteins known as the replisome. The exact composition of the replisome in higher organisms still has to be fully determined. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Human mtDNA is a small, circular molecule that resides in the matrix and, depending on cell type, can exist as a few to several thousands copies. mtDNA has its own replicative machinery.
VPetri
2015-09-24T12:48:55Z
pathway
DNA Replication
cell cycle DNA replication
PW:0001954
eukaryotic DNA replication pathway
Nuclear eukaryotic DNA replication takes place in the context of the cell cycle during the S-phase. The fast and accurate replication of DNA requires the presence and the coordinated function of a complex of proteins known as the replisome. The exact composition of the replisome in higher organisms still has to be fully determined. Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Human mtDNA is a small, circular molecule that resides in the matrix and, depending on cell type, can exist as a few to several thousands copies. mtDNA has its own replicative machinery.
GO:0044786
PMID:19665592
Reactome:R-HSA-69306
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA
VPetri
2015-09-24T12:49:02Z
pathway
PW:0001955
bacterial DNA replication pathway
Nuclear eukaryotic DNA replication takes place in the context of the cell cycle during the S-phase. The fast and accurate replication of DNA requires the presence and the coordinated function of a complex of proteins known as the replisome. The exact composition of the replisome in higher organisms still has to be fully determined.
VPetri
2015-09-24T13:01:49Z
pathway
nuclear DNA replication
PW:0001956
nuclear DNA replication pathway
Nuclear eukaryotic DNA replication takes place in the context of the cell cycle during the S-phase. The fast and accurate replication of DNA requires the presence and the coordinated function of a complex of proteins known as the replisome. The exact composition of the replisome in higher organisms still has to be fully determined.
GO:0033260
PMID:19665592
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication
Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Human mtDNA is a small, circular molecule that resides in the matrix and, depending on cell type, can exist as a few to several thousands copies. mtDNA has its own replicative machinery.
VPetri
2015-09-24T13:02:10Z
pathway
mitochondrial DNA replication
mtDNA replication pathway
PW:0001957
mitochondrial DNA replication pathway
Mitochondria contain their own DNA. Human mtDNA is a small, circular molecule that resides in the matrix and, depending on cell type, can exist as a few to several thousands copies. mtDNA has its own replicative machinery.
GO:0006264
PMID:25499735
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA
A mitophagy pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mitochondrial damage and altered mitophagy pathway have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging, such as Parkinson, Huntington and Alzheimer diseases.
VPetri
2015-09-24T13:15:47Z
pathway
altered mitophagy pathway
PW:0001958
altered mitochondrial autophagy pathway
A mitophagy pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mitochondrial damage and altered mitophagy pathway have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging, such as Parkinson, Huntington and Alzheimer diseases.
PMID:22743996
The various pathways and mechanisms that assure the proper function and abundance of mitochondria within cells. In addition to being the powerhouse of the cell as the place of oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are also the site of other important metabolic pathways and play essential roles in calcium storage and signaling and apoptosis, among others.
VPetri
2015-09-24T13:29:28Z
pathway
PW:0001959
mitochondria homeostasis pathway
The various pathways and mechanisms that assure the proper function and abundance of mitochondria within cells. In addition to being the powerhouse of the cell as the place of oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are also the site of other important metabolic pathways and play essential roles in calcium storage and signaling and apoptosis, among others.
PMID:21928343
PMID:24486129
Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and aging.
VPetri
2015-09-24T13:39:26Z
pathway
PW:0001960
altered mitochondria homeostasis pathway
Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and aging.
PMID:21928343
The interplay of mitochondria fission and fusion and mitochondria trafficking to properly respond to cellular needs. Mitochondria tend to form reticular networks, regulated through the coordination of fission, fusion and redistribution.
VPetri
2015-09-24T13:45:12Z
pathway
PW:0001961
mitochondria dynamics pathway
The interplay of mitochondria fission and fusion and mitochondria trafficking to properly respond to cellular needs. Mitochondria tend to form reticular networks, regulated through the coordination of fission, fusion and redistribution.
PMID:21683788
Mitochondria are essential organelles that provide most of the ATP fuel for the cell, are the site of several important metabolic pathways and play essential roles in calcium storage, signaling and apoptosis. Of the many proteins involved, only 13 are encoded in the mammalian mitochondrial DNA. The remaining ~99% of mitochondrial proteins are translocated from the cytosol via a complex, multicomponent pathway system. Mitochondria-encoded proteins are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix into the inner mitochondrial membrane by a single system.
VPetri
2015-09-24T14:05:05Z
pathway
Mitochondrial protein import
protein targeting to mitochondrion
PW:0001962
mitochondrial protein import pathway
Mitochondria are essential organelles that provide most of the ATP fuel for the cell, are the site of several important metabolic pathways and play essential roles in calcium storage, signaling and apoptosis. Of the many proteins involved, only 13 are encoded in the mammalian mitochondrial DNA. The remaining ~99% of mitochondrial proteins are translocated from the cytosol via a complex, multicomponent pathway system. Mitochondria-encoded proteins are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix into the inner mitochondrial membrane by a single system.
GO:0006626
PMID:22178138
PMID:24561263
PMID:25633533
Reactome:R-HSA-1268020
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T14:41:17Z
pathway
PW:0001963
lansoprazole drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansoprazole
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lansoprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors pharmacologically related to omeprazole. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T14:42:36Z
pathway
SMP:00614
PW:0001964
lansoprazole pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lansoprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors pharmacologically related to omeprazole. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansoprazole
The pathway of lansoprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Lansoprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors pharmacologically related to omperazole, used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T14:43:07Z
pathway
SMP:00227
PW:0001965
lansoprazole pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of lansoprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Lansoprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors pharmacologically related to omperazole, used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansoprazole
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ketorolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T15:07:52Z
pathway
PW:0001966
ketorolac drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ketorolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketorolac
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ketorolac. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T15:11:19Z
pathway
PW:0001967
ketorolac pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ketorolac. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketorolac
The pathway of ketorolac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T15:11:58Z
pathway
SMP:00098
PW:0001968
ketorolac pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ketorolac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketorolac
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ketoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also has analgesic and antipyretic effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T15:23:47Z
pathway
PW:0001969
ketoprofen drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ketoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also has analgesic and antipyretic effects. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketoprofen
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ketoprofen. The drug is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T15:27:32Z
pathway
PW:0001970
ketoprofen pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ketoprofen. The drug is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketoprofen
The pathway of ketoprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ketoprofen is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T15:27:52Z
pathway
SMP:00085
PW:0001971
ketoprofen pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ketoprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ketoprofen is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketoprofen
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of isradipine, a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T15:45:27Z
pathway
PW:0001972
isradipine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of isradipine, a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isradipine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of isradipine. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T15:46:04Z
pathway
PW:0001973
isradipine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of isradipine. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isradipine
The pathway of isradipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a calcium channel blocker, particularly the L-type channel, used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-24T15:46:34Z
pathway
SMP:00378
PW:0001974
isradipine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of isradipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a calcium channel blocker, particularly the L-type channel, used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isradipine
A stress response pathway to mitochondrial DNA depletion or accumulation of misfolded protein in the matrix or intermembrane space. Mitochondrial-to-nucleus signaling results in the increased expression of genes important for mitochondrial protein homeostasis. UPRmt can promote increased lifespan but the mechanisms are not well understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to normal aging, but mild distress can extend lifespan by almost 50% in organisms ranging from yeast to worms, flies and mice.
VPetri
2015-09-25T09:07:21Z
pathway
UPRmt pathway
mitochondrial unfolded protein response
PW:0001975
mitochondrial unfolded protein response pathway
A stress response pathway to mitochondrial DNA depletion or accumulation of misfolded protein in the matrix or intermembrane space. Mitochondrial-to-nucleus signaling results in the increased expression of genes important for mitochondrial protein homeostasis. UPRmt can promote increased lifespan but the mechanisms are not well understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to normal aging, but mild distress can extend lifespan by almost 50% in organisms ranging from yeast to worms, flies and mice.
GO:0034514
PMID:22445420
PMID:25857997
Disorders caused by alterations in the amino acid transport pathways across cell membranes.
VPetri
2015-09-25T10:11:59Z
pathway
PW:0001976
inborn error amino acid transport disorder pathway
Disorders caused by alterations in the amino acid transport pathways across cell membranes.
MeSH:D020157
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by alterations in the transport of neutral amino acids in the intestine and proximal renal tubules. The condition is associated with psychosis and mental retardation.
VPetri
2015-09-25T10:14:47Z
pathway
SMP:00189
PW:0001977
Hartnup disease pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by alterations in the transport of neutral amino acids in the intestine and proximal renal tubules. The condition is associated with psychosis and mental retardation.
MeSH:D006250
OMIM:234500
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in the histidine metabolic pathway and characterized by increased levels of histidine in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine.
VPetri
2015-09-25T10:49:47Z
histidinemia disease pathway
histidinuria pathway
pathway
SMP:00191
PW:0001978
histidinemia pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in the histidine metabolic pathway and characterized by increased levels of histidine in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine.
OMIM:235800
The pathway involved in a progressive neurologic disorder resulting from a deficiency of homocarnosinase.
VPetri
2015-09-25T10:57:34Z
OMIM:236130
HOMOCARNOSINASE DEFICIENCY PATHWAY
homocarnosinosis disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00385
PW:0001979
homocarnosinosis pathway
The pathway involved in a progressive neurologic disorder resulting from a deficiency of homocarnosinase.
OMIM:212200
A group of metabolic conditions due to alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway in the liver. They are further classified depending on the enzymes that are deficient or the site.
VPetri
2015-09-25T11:04:44Z
hepatic porphyria disease pathway
pathway
PW:0001980
hepatic porphyria pathway
A group of metabolic conditions due to alterations in the heme biosynthetic pathway in the liver. They are further classified depending on the enzymes that are deficient or the site.
MeSH:D017094
An autosomal dominant liver porphyria due to deficiency in the coproporphyrinogen oxidase gene.
VPetri
2015-09-25T11:10:32Z
coproporphyrinogen oxidase deficiency pathway
hereditary coproporphyria disease pathway
hereditary coproporphyria porphyria pathway
pathway
SMP:00342
PW:0001981
hereditary coproporphyria pathway
An autosomal dominant liver porphyria due to deficiency in the coproporphyrinogen oxidase gene.
MeSH:D046349
OMIM:121300
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Irbesartan is one of several angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-28T15:08:55Z
pathway
PW:0001982
irbesartan drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Irbesartan is one of several angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irbesartan
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of irbesartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-28T15:11:18Z
pathway
PW:0001983
irbesartan pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of irbesartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irbesartan
The pathway of irbesartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-28T15:11:43Z
pathway
SMP:00161
PW:0001984
irbesartan pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of irbesartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irbesartan
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of imipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depression. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-28T15:24:56Z
pathway
PW:0001985
imipramine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of imipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depression. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imipramine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of imipramine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-28T15:27:29Z
pathway
SMP:00625
PW:0001986
imipramine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of imipramine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imipramine
The pathway of imipramine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depression and its effect results from inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitter reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-28T15:28:05Z
pathway
SMP:00422
PW:0001987
imipramine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of imipramine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depression and its effect results from inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitter reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imipramine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ibutilide, an antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-28T15:52:56Z
pathway
PW:0001988
ibutilide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ibutilide, an antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibutilide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ibutilide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-28T15:54:57Z
pathway
PW:0001989
ibutilide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ibutilide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibutilide
The pathway of ibutilide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-09-28T15:55:26Z
pathway
SMP:00332
PW:0001990
ibutilide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ibutilide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibutilide
A group of inherited metabolic disorders resulting from alterations in the glycogen metabolic pathway.
VPetri
2015-09-29T15:05:20Z
pathway
Glycogen storage diseases
PW:0001991
glycogen storage disease pathway
A group of inherited metabolic disorders resulting from alterations in the glycogen metabolic pathway.
MeSH:D006008
Reactome:R-HSA-3229121
One of the two forms of the type I glycogen storage disease pathway involving glucose-6-phosphate, here due to mutations in glucose-6-phosphatase. It is characterized by the accumulation of glycogen in particular organs and tissues.
VPetri
2015-09-29T15:12:57Z
glycogen storage disease pathway, type IA
pathway
Glycogen storage disease type Ia (G6PC)
Von Gierke disease pathway
glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency pathway
hepatorenal glycogen storage disease pathway
PW:0001992
glycogen storage disease type Ia pathway
One of the two forms of the type I glycogen storage disease pathway involving glucose-6-phosphate, here due to mutations in glucose-6-phosphatase. It is characterized by the accumulation of glycogen in particular organs and tissues.
OMIM:232200
Reactome:R-HSA-3274531
SMP:00374
SMP:00581
One of the two forms of the type I glycogen storage disease pathway involving glucose-6-phosphate, here due to mutations affecting the glucose-6-phosphate transporter. It is characterized by the accumulation of glycogen in particular organs and tissues.
VPetri
2015-09-29T15:19:58Z
glucose-6-phosphate transport defect pathway
glycogen storage disease pathway, type IB
pathway
Glycogen storage disease type Ib (SLC37A4)
PW:0001993
glycogen storage disease type Ib pathway
One of the two forms of the type I glycogen storage disease pathway involving glucose-6-phosphate, here due to mutations affecting the glucose-6-phosphate transporter. It is characterized by the accumulation of glycogen in particular organs and tissues.
OMIM:232220
Reactome:R-HSA-3229133
SMP:00573
A type of glycogen disease pathway that involves the glycogen debranching enzyme. There are further subdivisions, to delineate the clinical manifestations.
VPetri
2015-09-29T15:37:11Z
amylo 1,6 glucosidase deficiency pathway
deficiency of debranching enzyme pathway
deficiency of dextrin pathway
glycogen storage disease pathway, type III
pathway
Cori disease pathway
SMP:00553
PW:0001994
glycogen storage disease type III pathway
A type of glycogen disease pathway that involves the glycogen debranching enzyme. There are further subdivisions, to delineate the clinical manifestations.
OMIM:232400
A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving glycogen branching enzyme 1.
VPetri
2015-09-29T15:47:11Z
Branching-transferase deficiency glycogenosis pathway
amylopectinosis pathway
brancher deficiency glycogenosis pathway
deficiency of 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme pathway
glycogen storage disease pathway, type IV.
pathway
Andersen disease pathway
Glycogen storage disease type IV (GBE1)
PW:0001995
glycogen storage disease type IV pathway
A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving glycogen branching enzyme 1.
OMIM:232500
Reactome:R-HSA-3878781
SMP:00554
A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving the liver phosphorylase.
VPetri
2015-09-29T15:50:38Z
glycogen storage disease pathway, type VI
hepatic glycogen phosphorylase deficiency pathway
hepatophosphorylase deficiency glycogenosis pathway
pathway
Hers disease pathway
SMP:00555
PW:0001996
glycogen storage disease type VI pathway
A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving the liver phosphorylase.
OMIM:232700
A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving muscle phosphofructokinase.
VPetri
2015-09-29T15:55:27Z
glycogen storage disease pathway, type VII
muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency pathway
phosphofructokinase myopathy pathway
pathway
SMP:00531
Tarui disease pathway
PW:0001997
glycogen storage disease type VII pathway
A type of glycogen storage disease pathway involving muscle phosphofructokinase.
OMIM:232800
The events leading to fission of mitochondria. Fission allows mitochondria to divide and grow and also to isolate and remove defective organelles.
VPetri
2015-10-01T14:42:58Z
pathway
PW:0001998
mitochondria fission pathway
The events leading to fission of mitochondria. Fission allows mitochondria to divide and grow and also to isolate and remove defective organelles.
PMID:21683788
The events leading to fusion of mitochondria.
VPetri
2015-10-01T14:43:29Z
pathway
PW:0001999
mitochondria fusion pathway
The events leading to fusion of mitochondria.
PMID:21683788
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ibandronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-01T14:58:18Z
pathway
PW:0002000
ibandronate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ibandronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibandronic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ibandronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-01T15:00:55Z
pathway
PW:0002001
ibandronate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ibandronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibandronic_acid
The pathway of ibandronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ibandronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-01T15:01:20Z
pathway
SMP:00079
PW:0002002
ibandronate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ibandronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Ibandronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibandronic_acid
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydrochlorothiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-01T15:18:39Z
pathway
PW:0002003
hydrochlorothiazide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydrochlorothiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydrochlorothiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-01T15:25:14Z
pathway
PW:0002004
hydrochlorothiazide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydrochlorothiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide
The pathway of hydrochlorothiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-01T15:25:40Z
pathway
SMP:00100
PW:0002005
hydrochlorothiazide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of hydrochlorothiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of gliclazide, a second generation sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-01T15:51:04Z
pathway
PW:0002006
gliclazide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of gliclazide, a second generation sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliclazide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of gliclazide, an anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-01T15:51:42Z
pathway
PW:0002007
gliclazide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of gliclazide, an anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliclazide
The pathway of gliclazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-01T15:52:31Z
pathway
SMP:00461
PW:0002008
gliclazide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of gliclazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliclazide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of glyburide, a second generation sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug is also known as glibenclamide. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-02T12:51:10Z
pathway
glibenclamide drug pathway
PW:0002009
glyburide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of glyburide, a second generation sulfonylurea anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug is also known as glibenclamide. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glibenclamide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of glyburide, an anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug is also known is glibenclamide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-02T12:53:26Z
pathway
glibenclamide pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0002010
glyburide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of glyburide, an anti-diabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug is also known is glibenclamide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glibenclamide
The pathway of glyburide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glyburide is also known as glibenclamide. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-02T12:54:21Z
pathway
SMP:00460
glibenclamide pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0002011
glyburide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of glyburide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glyburide is also known as glibenclamide. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glibenclamide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of gentamicin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-02T13:01:00Z
pathway
PW:0002012
gentamicin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of gentamicin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial protein synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicin
The pathway of gentamicin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Gentamicin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis and is used in the treatment of several infections caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-02T13:01:25Z
pathway
SMP:00254
PW:0002013
gentamicin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of gentamicin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Gentamicin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis and is used in the treatment of several infections caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of furosemide - a blocker of luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter used for the treatment of hypertension and edema. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-02T13:13:00Z
pathway
PW:0002014
furosemide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of furosemide - a blocker of luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter used for the treatment of hypertension and edema. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furosemide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of furosemide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-02T13:13:30Z
pathway
PW:0002015
furosemide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of furosemide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furosemide
The pathway of furosemide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Furosemide is used in the treatment of hypertension and edema. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-02T13:13:35Z
pathway
SMP:00115
PW:0002016
furosemide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of furosemide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Furosemide is used in the treatment of hypertension and edema. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furosemide
A rather common autosomal dominant porphyria resulting from defects in hydroxymethybilane synthase in the heme biosynthetic pathway.
VPetri
2015-10-02T13:27:53Z
acute intermittent porphyria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00344
PW:0002017
acute intermittent porphyria pathway
A rather common autosomal dominant porphyria resulting from defects in hydroxymethybilane synthase in the heme biosynthetic pathway.
OMIM:176000
A rare metabolic disease due to alterations in the glycerol metabolic pathway resulting from defects in the glycerol kinase enzyme.
VPetri
2015-10-02T13:36:38Z
GK deficiency pathway
GKD pathway
hyperglycerolemia disease pathway
hyperglycerolemia pathway
pathway
SMP:00187
glycerol kinase deficiency pathway
PW:0002018
glycerol kinase deficiency pathway
A rare metabolic disease due to alterations in the glycerol metabolic pathway resulting from defects in the glycerol kinase enzyme.
OMIM:307030
A condition resulting from alterations in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway.
VPetri
2015-10-02T13:41:53Z
pyroglutamic aciduria pathway
pathway
5-oxoprolinemia disease pathway
5-oxoprolinuria disease pathway
SMP:00143
SMP:00337
PW:0002019
glutathione synthase deficiency pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway.
OMIM:266130
The lysosomal storage disease pathways affecting the nervous system.
VPetri
2015-10-02T13:53:10Z
pathway
PW:0002020
nervous system lysosomal storage disease pathway
true
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of galactosylceramidase leading to intralysosomal accumulation of galactolipids such as galactosylceramides and psychosine.
VPetri
2015-10-02T13:56:44Z
Krabbe's disease pathway
Krabbe's leukodystrophy pathway
beta galactocerebrosidase deficiency pathway
diffuse globoid body sclerosis pathway
galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase deficiency pathway
globoid cell leukodystrophy disease pathway
globoid cell leukodystrophy pathway
pathway
SMP:00348
PW:0002021
Krabbe disease pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fosinopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-10-07T15:23:24Z
pathway
PW:0002022
fosinopril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fosinopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosinopril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fosinopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-10-07T15:23:52Z
pathway
SMP:00594
PW:0002023
fosinopril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fosinopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosinopril
The pathway of fosinopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-10-07T15:24:20Z
pathway
SMP:00149
PW:0002024
fosinopril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of fosinopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosinopril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of forasartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-10-07T15:29:44Z
pathway
PW:0002025
forasartan drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of forasartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forasartan
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of forasartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-10-07T15:30:27Z
pathway
PW:0002026
forasartan pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of forasartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forasartan
The pathway of forasartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-10-07T15:30:58Z
pathway
SMP:00160
PW:0002027
forasartsn pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of forasartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forasartan
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fluoxetine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. The drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-10-07T15:41:52Z
pathway
PW:0002028
fluoxetine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fluoxetine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. The drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoxetine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fluoxetine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2015-10-07T15:43:05Z
pathway
SMP:00646
PW:0002029
fluoxetine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fluoxetine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoxetine
The pathway of fluoxetine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and its effect results from selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2015-10-07T15:43:32Z
pathway
SMP:00426
PW:0002030
fluoxetine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of fluoxetine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and its effect results from selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoxetine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of flecainide, a drug used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T14:41:46Z
pathway
PW:0002031
flecainide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of flecainide, a drug used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flecainide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of flecainide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T14:42:16Z
pathway
PW:0002032
flecainide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of flecainide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flecainide
The pathway of flecainide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antiarrhythmic agent that acts by blocking sodium and possibly other channels in cardiomyocytes. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T14:42:57Z
pathway
SMP:00331
PW:0002033
flecainde pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of flecainide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antiarrhythmic agent that acts by blocking sodium and possibly other channels in cardiomyocytes. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flecainide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic used to treat sudden, severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T14:55:41Z
pathway
PW:0002034
fentanyl drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic used to treat sudden, severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T14:56:28Z
pathway
PW:0002035
fentanyl pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl
The pathway of fentonyl-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a synthetic opioid analgesic acting as a strong inhibitor of mu receptors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T14:56:56Z
pathway
SMP:00415
PW:0002036
fentanyl pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of fentonyl-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a synthetic opioid analgesic acting as a strong inhibitor of mu receptors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of famotidine - a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T15:28:34Z
pathway
PW:0002037
famotidine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of famotidine - a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famotidine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of famotidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T15:29:39Z
pathway
PW:0002038
famotidine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of famotidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famotidine
The pathway of famotidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T15:30:03Z
pathway
SMP:00231
PW:0002039
famotidine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of famotidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famotidine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of etodolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T15:37:06Z
pathway
PW:0002040
etodolac drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of etodolac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etodolac
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of etodolac. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T15:37:30Z
pathway
PW:0002041
etodolac pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of etodolac. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etodolac
The pathway of etodolac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with a preference for COX-2 enzyme. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-08T15:38:18Z
pathway
SMP:00084
PW:0002042
etodolac pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of etodolac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with a preference for COX-2 enzyme. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etodolac
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of etacrinic acid, a loop diuretic used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T12:53:12Z
pathway
PW:0002043
etacryninc acid drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of etacrinic acid, a loop diuretic used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etacrynic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of etacrynic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T12:54:08Z
pathway
PW:0002044
etacrynic acid pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of etacrynic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etacrynic_acid
The pathway of etacrynic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug acts by inhibiting sodium-potassium-chloride contransport in the ascending loop of Henle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T12:54:43Z
pathway
SMP:00097
PW:0002045
etacrynic acid pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of etacrynic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug acts by inhibiting sodium-potassium-chloride contransport in the ascending loop of Henle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etacrynic_acid
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of esmolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and several other conditions involving a faster than normal heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T13:02:48Z
pathway
PW:0002046
esmolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of esmolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and several other conditions involving a faster than normal heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of esmolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T13:03:48Z
pathway
PW:0002047
esmolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of esmolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmolol
The pathway of esmolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T13:04:05Z
pathway
SMP:00301
PW:0002048
esmolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of esmolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of escitalopram, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. The drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T13:35:53Z
pathway
PW:0002049
escitalopram drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of escitalopram, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. The drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escitalopram
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of escitalopram. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T13:36:39Z
pathway
PW:0002050
escitalopram pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of escitalopram. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escitalopram
The pathway of escitalopram-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and its effect results from selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T13:37:11Z
pathway
SMP:00425
PW:0002051
escitalopram pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of escitalopram-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and its effect results from selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escitalopram
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of erythromycin, an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth and used for the treatment of several bacterial infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T13:41:00Z
pathway
PW:0002052
erythromycin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of erythromycin, an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth and used for the treatment of several bacterial infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of erythromycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial growth. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T13:41:32Z
pathway
PW:0002053
erythromycin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of erythromycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial growth. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin
The pathway of ertthromycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with bacterial growth via incompletely understood mechanisms. It is used for the treatment of several bacterial infections. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T13:43:02Z
pathway
SMP:00250
PW:0002054
erythromycin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ertthromycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with bacterial growth via incompletely understood mechanisms. It is used for the treatment of several bacterial infections. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of eptifibatide, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T14:39:22Z
pathway
PW:0002055
eptifibatide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of eptifibatide, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eptifibatide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of eptifibatide, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T14:39:42Z
pathway
PW:0002056
eptifibatide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of eptifibatide, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eptifibatide
The pathway of eftifibatide-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The platelet aggregation inhibitor belongs to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor class. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T14:40:02Z
pathway
SMP:00266
PW:0002057
eptifibatide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of eftifibatide-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The platelet aggregation inhibitor belongs to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor class. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eptifibatide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of eprosartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T14:51:01Z
pathway
PW:0002058
eprosartan drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of eprosartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eprosartan
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of eprosartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T14:51:36Z
pathway
PW:0002059
eprosartan pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of eprosartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eprosartan
The pathway of eprosartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-09T14:52:03Z
pathway
SMP:00159
PW:0002060
eprosartan pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of eprosartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eprosartan
The transport of mitochondria to sites of high energy demand, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial distribution at synaptic terminals and active growth cones is crucial for the proper function of neurons. Impaired transport and other aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the pathology of major neurodegenerative disorders.
VPetri
2015-10-13T13:04:52Z
pathway
mitochondria trafficking pathway
PW:0002061
mitochondria transport pathway
The transport of mitochondria to sites of high energy demand, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial distribution at synaptic terminals and active growth cones is crucial for the proper function of neurons. Impaired transport and other aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the pathology of major neurodegenerative disorders.
PMID:21683788
PMID:24687278
Defects in mitochondrial dynamics are associated with the pathology of major neurodegenerative disorders.
VPetri
2015-10-13T13:55:48Z
pathway
PW:0002062
altered mitochondria dynamics pathway
Defects in mitochondrial dynamics are associated with the pathology of major neurodegenerative disorders.
PMID:19808793
PMID:24687278
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of disulfiram, a drug used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism and also cocaine dependence. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-13T14:16:26Z
pathway
PW:0002063
disulfiram drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of disulfiram, a drug used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism and also cocaine dependence. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfiram
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of disulfiram. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-13T14:16:53Z
pathway
PW:0002064
disulfiram pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of disulfiram. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfiram
The pathway of disulfiram-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug inhibits the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and also appears to prevent the breakdown of dopamine. Disulfiram is used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism and also cocaine dependence. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-13T14:17:28Z
pathway
SMP:00429
PW:0002065
disulfiram pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of disulfiram-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug inhibits the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and also appears to prevent the breakdown of dopamine. Disulfiram is used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism and also cocaine dependence. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfiram
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of disopyramide, a drug used in the treatment of arrhythmia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-13T14:51:54Z
pathway
PW:0002066
disopyramide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of disopyramide, a drug used in the treatment of arrhythmia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disopyramide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of disopyramide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-13T14:53:46Z
pathway
PW:0002067
disopyramide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of disopyramide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disopyramide
The pathway of disopyramide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a sodium channel blocker used in the treatment of arrhythmia. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-13T14:54:17Z
pathway
SMP:00325
PW:0002068
disopyramide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of disopyramide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a sodium channel blocker used in the treatment of arrhythmia. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disopyramide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dipyridamole, a drug that inhibits the formation of blood clots via inhibition of platelet aggregation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-13T15:01:37Z
pathway
PW:0002069
dipyridamole drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dipyridamole, a drug that inhibits the formation of blood clots via inhibition of platelet aggregation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipyridamole
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dipyridamole. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-13T15:02:16Z
pathway
PW:0002070
dipyridamole pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dipyridamole. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipyridamole
The pathway of dipyridamole-target nteraction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Dipyridamole inhibits he formation of blood clots via inhibition of platelet aggregation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-13T15:02:49Z
pathway
SMP:00264
PW:0002071
dipyridamole pharmacodyamics pathway
The pathway of dipyridamole-target nteraction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Dipyridamole inhibits he formation of blood clots via inhibition of platelet aggregation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipyridamole
Those reactions involved in the synthesis of lactose, the major sugar in milk.
VPetri
2015-10-15T09:55:53Z
pathway
Lactose synthesis
lactose biosynthetic process
PW:0002072
lactose biosynthetic pathway
Those reactions involved in the synthesis of lactose, the major sugar in milk.
GO:0005989
Reactome:R-HSA-5653890
SMP:00444
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose
A mitochondria transport pathway that deviates from what its normal could should be. Impaired transport and other aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the pathology of major neurodegenerative disorders.
VPetri
2015-10-15T10:16:16Z
pathway
PW:0002073
altered mitochondria transport pathway
A mitochondria transport pathway that deviates from what its normal could should be. Impaired transport and other aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the pathology of major neurodegenerative disorders.
PMID:24687278
A mitochondria fusion pathway that deviates from what its normal could should be.
VPetri
2015-10-15T10:29:12Z
pathway
PW:0002074
altered mitochondria fusion pathway
A mitochondria fusion pathway that deviates from what its normal could should be.
PMID:21683788
A mitochondria fission pathway that deviates from what its normal could should be.
VPetri
2015-10-15T10:29:33Z
pathway
PW:0002075
altered mitochondria fission pathway
A mitochondria fission pathway that deviates from what its normal could should be.
PMID:21683788
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of diltiazem- a benzothiazepine L-type calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T08:40:13Z
pathway
PW:0002076
diltiazem drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of diltiazem- a benzothiazepine L-type calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diltiazem
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diltiazem, an L-type calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T08:44:58Z
pathway
PW:0002077
diltiazem pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diltiazem, an L-type calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diltiazem
The pathway of diltiazem-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an L-type calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T08:45:23Z
pathway
SMP:00359
PW:0002078
diltiazem pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of diltiazem-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an L-type calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diltiazem
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of diflunisal, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T08:51:21Z
pathway
PW:0002079
diflunisal drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of diflunisal, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diflunisal
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diflunisal. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T08:53:13Z
pathway
PW:0002080
diflunisal pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diflunisal. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diflunisal
The pathway of diflunisal-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Diflunisal is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T08:53:42Z
pathway
SMP:00289
PW:0002081
diflunisal pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of diflunisal-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Diflunisal is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diflunisal
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of didanosine - an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T09:07:05Z
pathway
PW:0002082
didanosine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of didanosine - an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didanosine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of didanosine, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Didanosine triphosphate is the active form of the drug which is intracellularly metabolized. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T09:11:49Z
pathway
PW:0002083
didanosine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of didanosine, a drug used for the treatment of HIV. Didanosine triphosphate is the active form of the drug which is intracellularly metabolized. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didanosine
The pathway of didanosine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Didanosine is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Didanosine, in its active triphosphate form, inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T09:12:37Z
pathway
SMP:00739
PW:0002084
didanosine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of didanosine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Didanosine is a drug used for the treatment of HIV infection. Didanosine, in its active triphosphate form, inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didanosine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat arthritis and other joint diseases.
VPetri
2015-10-21T09:33:48Z
pathway
PW:0002085
diclofenac drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat arthritis and other joint diseases.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diclofenac
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diclofenac. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T09:37:15Z
pathway
PW:0002086
diclofenac pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diclofenac. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diclofenac
The pathway of diclofenac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used for the treatment of various joint diseases and in pain management. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T09:37:41Z
pathway
SMP:00093
PW:0002087
diclofenac pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of diclofenac-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used for the treatment of various joint diseases and in pain management. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diclofenac
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of desipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of depression and attention deficit disorder. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T09:52:53Z
pathway
PW:0002088
desipramine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of desipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of depression and attention deficit disorder. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desipramine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of desipramine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T10:01:19Z
pathway
SMP:00626
PW:0002089
desipramine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of desipramine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desipramine
The pathway of desipramine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depression and its effect results from inhibition of norepinephrine and to a lesser extent serotonin neurotransmitter reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-21T10:01:48Z
pathway
SMP:00423
PW:0002090
desipramine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of desipramine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depression and its effect results from inhibition of norepinephrine and to a lesser extent serotonin neurotransmitter reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desipramine
A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies that affect galactose metabolism and manifest as elevated galactose levels in the blood.
VPetri
2015-10-21T10:18:44Z
galactosemias disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002091
galactosemias pathway
A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies that affect galactose metabolism and manifest as elevated galactose levels in the blood.
MeSH:D005693
A galactosemia resulting from defects in the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase enzyme GALT.
VPetri
2015-10-21T10:22:32Z
GALT deficiency pathway
classic galactosemia pathway
galactose-1-phosphate uridylyl transferase deficiency pathway
pathway
Defective GALT can cause GALCT
PW:0002092
galactosemia pathway
A galactosemia resulting from defects in the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase enzyme GALT.
OMIM:230400
Reactome:R-HSA-5609978
SMP:00182
A galactosemia resulting from defects in the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase enzyme GALE.
VPetri
2015-10-21T10:23:26Z
UDP-galactose-4-epimerase deficiency pathway
galactose epimerase deficiency pathway
galactosemia III pathway
pathway
Defective GALE can cause Epimerase-deficiency galactosemia (EDG)
PW:0002093
GALE deficiency pathway
A galactosemia resulting from defects in the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase enzyme GALE.
OMIM:230350
Reactome:R-HSA-5609977
SMP:00496
A galactosemia resulting from defects in the galactokinase enzyme GALK1.
VPetri
2015-10-21T10:23:54Z
GALK deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00495
PW:0002094
galactokinase deficiency pathway
A galactosemia resulting from defects in the galactokinase enzyme GALK1.
OMIM:230200
A condition caused by alterations in gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism due to defects in the 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase enzyme.
VPetri
2015-10-21T10:54:18Z
gamma aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency pathway
pathway
GABA transaminase deficiency pathway
SMP:00351
PW:0002095
GABA aminotransferase deficiency pathway
A condition caused by alterations in gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism due to defects in the 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase enzyme.
OMIM:613163
Those symptoms associated with conditions affecting the muscles, neuromuscular junctions or peripheral nerves.
VPetri
2015-10-21T11:09:16Z
neuromuscular manifestation disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002096
neuromuscular manifestation of disease pathway
Those symptoms associated with conditions affecting the muscles, neuromuscular junctions or peripheral nerves.
MeSH:D020879
A disorder manifested by a diminished skeletal muscle tone.
VPetri
2015-10-21T11:12:28Z
pathway
PW:0002097
muscle hypotonia disorder pathway
A disorder manifested by a diminished skeletal muscle tone.
MeSH:D009123
A severe autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from defects in the fumarate hydratase enzyme and manifesting in early-onset hypotonia, psychomotor and brain abnormalities.
VPetri
2015-10-21T11:14:36Z
fumaric aciduria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00547
fumarase deficiency pathway
PW:0002098
fumaric aciduria pathway
A severe autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from defects in the fumarate hydratase enzyme and manifesting in early-onset hypotonia, psychomotor and brain abnormalities.
OMIM:606812
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of fructose metabolism.
VPetri
2015-10-21T11:27:44Z
inborn error of fructose metabolism disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002099
inborn error of fructose metabolism pathway
Those diseases that are caused by inborn errors of fructose metabolism.
MeSH:D015318
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in fructose metabolism due to defects in the enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
VPetri
2015-10-21T11:29:17Z
fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00562
PW:0002100
fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in fructose metabolism due to defects in the enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
MeSH:D015319
OMIM:229700
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in fructose metabolism and due to defects in the fructose-1-phosphate aldolase enzyme.
VPetri
2015-10-21T11:32:59Z
fructose intolerance pathway
pathway
Hereditary fructose intolerance
PW:0002101
hereditary fructose intolerance syndrome pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in fructose metabolism and due to defects in the fructose-1-phosphate aldolase enzyme.
MeSH:D005633
OMIM:229600
Reactome:R-HSA-5657560
SMP:00725
Those disorders resulting from alterations in steroid metabolic pathways due to inborn genetic mutations.
VPetri
2015-10-21T12:53:22Z
inborn error of steroid metabolism disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002102
inborn error of steroid metabolism pathway
Those disorders resulting from alterations in steroid metabolic pathways due to inborn genetic mutations.
MeSH:D043202
An X-linked inherited metabolic disorder resulting from alterations in lipid metabolic pathways. It is due to defects in alpha-galactosidase leading to accumulation of glycosphingolipids in blood vessels.
VPetri
2015-10-21T12:58:48Z
pathway
SMP:00525
PW:0002103
Fabry disease pathway
An X-linked inherited metabolic disorder resulting from alterations in lipid metabolic pathways. It is due to defects in alpha-galactosidase leading to accumulation of glycosphingolipids in blood vessels.
MeSH:D000795
OMIM:301500
Movement disorders classified by patterns of inheritance and age of onset.
VPetri
2015-10-21T13:09:09Z
dystonia disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002104
dystonia pathway
Movement disorders classified by patterns of inheritance and age of onset.
MeSH:D020821
A condition resulting from alterations in the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for the activity of many enzymes. Diet and supplements, such as administration of L-Dopa, may diminish the outcomes of the condition.
VPetri
2015-10-22T12:42:09Z
dopa responsive dystonia disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00486
PW:0002105
dopa responsive dystonia pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for the activity of many enzymes. Diet and supplements, such as administration of L-Dopa, may diminish the outcomes of the condition.
PMID:19234759
A rare autosomal recessive disorder likely resulting from alteration in cholesterol metabolism. Desmosterol, a precursor of cholesterol, is present in elevated amounts.
VPetri
2015-10-22T12:54:48Z
desmosterolosis disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00386
PW:0002106
desmosterolosis pathway
A rare autosomal recessive disorder likely resulting from alteration in cholesterol metabolism. Desmosterol, a precursor of cholesterol, is present in elevated amounts.
OMIM:602398
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent used in the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-27T14:31:11Z
pathway
PW:0002107
cyclophosphamide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent used in the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclophosphamide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cyclophosphamide. It is a prodrug that has to be converted to its metabolite - 4-hydroxy cyclophosphamide, to exhibit chemotherapeutic activity. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-27T14:31:46Z
pathway
SMP:00604
PW:0002108
cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cyclophosphamide. It is a prodrug that has to be converted to its metabolite - 4-hydroxy cyclophosphamide, to exhibit chemotherapeutic activity. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclophosphamide
The pathway of cyclophosphamide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The alkylating drug is used for the treatment of several cancer types but its toxicity can have severe adverse effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-27T14:33:02Z
pathway
SMP:00447
PW:0002109
cyclophosphamide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of cyclophosphamide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The alkylating drug is used for the treatment of several cancer types but its toxicity can have severe adverse effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclophosphamide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cimetidine - a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-27T14:42:28Z
pathway
PW:0002110
cimetidine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cimetidine - a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acid disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimetidine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cimetidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-27T14:42:51Z
pathway
SMP:00617
PW:0002111
cimetidine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cimetidine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimetidine
The pathway of cimetidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-27T14:43:19Z
pathway
SMP:00232
PW:0002112
cimetidine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of cimetidine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of various acid disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimetidine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of non- selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor drugs.
VPetri
2015-10-27T14:51:09Z
pathway
PW:0002113
non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of non- selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor drugs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_N06#N06A_Antidepressants
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to treat various forms of depression. Some are non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors, others are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The category also includes monoamine oxidase inhibitors and drug classified as others.
VPetri
2015-10-27T14:52:17Z
pathway
PW:0002114
antidepressant drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to treat various forms of depression. Some are non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors, others are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The category also includes monoamine oxidase inhibitors and drug classified as others.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_N06#N06A_Antidepressants
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of selective serotonin uptake inhibitor drugs.
VPetri
2015-10-27T15:02:12Z
pathway
PW:0002115
selective serotonin uptake inhibitor drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of selective serotonin uptake inhibitor drugs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_N06#N06A_Antidepressants
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of citalopram, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. The drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-27T15:06:39Z
pathway
PW:0002116
citalopram drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of citalopram, an antidepressant used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. The drug is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citalopram
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of citalopram. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-27T15:07:23Z
pathway
SMP:00627
PW:0002117
citalopram pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of citalopram. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citalopram
The pathway of citalopram-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and its effect results from selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-27T15:07:46Z
pathway
SMP:00424
PW:0002118
citalopram pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of citalopram-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of major depressive disorders and its effect results from selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citalopram
Histamine signaling is important for the central and to some extent the peripheral nervous systems and is also involved in the immune responses. Histamine signaling engages four G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In the immune system/inflammatory it involves receptors H2 and H4. H2 couples to Galphas.
VPetri
2015-10-28T14:35:28Z
pathway
SMP:00335
PW:0002119
histamine signaling pathway, immunological
Histamine signaling is important for the central and to some extent the peripheral nervous systems and is also involved in the immune responses. Histamine signaling engages four G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). In the immune system/inflammatory it involves receptors H2 and H4. H2 couples to Galphas.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine
Histamine is a nitrogenous compound derived from histidine whose signaling plays important roles in the nervous and immune systems.
VPetri
2015-10-28T14:41:48Z
pathway
PW:0002120
histamine signaling pathway
Histamine is a nitrogenous compound derived from histidine whose signaling plays important roles in the nervous and immune systems.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that increase water excretion and are used in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure and certain kidney disorders. They are further categorized by type. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T11:30:44Z
pathway
PW:0002121
diuretic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that increase water excretion and are used in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure and certain kidney disorders. They are further categorized by type. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuretic
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of chlorothalidone - a blocker of sodium -chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. The drug is used for the treatment of hypertension and also as an adjuvant drug for treating edema. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T11:40:14Z
pathway
PW:0002122
chlorthalidone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of chlorothalidone - a blocker of sodium -chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. The drug is used for the treatment of hypertension and also as an adjuvant drug for treating edema. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlortalidone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of chlorthalidone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T12:28:30Z
pathway
PW:0002123
chlorthalidone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of chlorthalidone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlortalidone
The pathway of chlorthalidone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the sodium-chloride symporter and is used in the treatment of hypertension and as an adjuvant for treating edema. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T12:29:10Z
pathway
SMP:00122
PW:0002124
chlorthalidone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of chlorthalidone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the sodium-chloride symporter and is used in the treatment of hypertension and as an adjuvant for treating edema. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlortalidone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of captopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T13:08:06Z
pathway
PW:0002125
captopril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of captopril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captopril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of captopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T13:08:35Z
pathway
PW:0002126
captopril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of captopril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captopril
The pathway of captopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T13:09:00Z
pathway
SMP:00146
PW:0002127
captopril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of captopril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and also for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captopril
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of candsartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T13:42:44Z
pathway
PW:0002128
candesartan drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of candsartan, an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candesartan
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of candesartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T13:43:12Z
pathway
PW:0002129
candesartan pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of candesartan. The drug is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candesartan
The pathway of candesartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T13:43:43Z
pathway
SMP:00158
PW:0002130
candesartan pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of candesartan-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an antagonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candesartan
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of capecitabine, an agent used in the treatment of several cancers. Capecitabine is a prodrug that is enzymatically converted to 5-fluorouracil which inhibits the activity of thymidylate synthase necessary for the de novo DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T14:00:49Z
pathway
PW:0002131
capecitabine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of capecitabine, an agent used in the treatment of several cancers. Capecitabine is a prodrug that is enzymatically converted to 5-fluorouracil which inhibits the activity of thymidylate synthase necessary for the de novo DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capecitabine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of capecitabine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T14:02:57Z
pathway
SMP:00607
PW:0002132
capecitabine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of capecitabine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capecitabine
The pathway of capecitabine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Capecitabine is used in the treatment of numerous cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T14:03:33Z
pathway
SMP:00469
PW:0002133
capecitabine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of capecitabine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Capecitabine is used in the treatment of numerous cancers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capecitabine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of buoranolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T14:16:38Z
pathway
SMP:00670
PW:0002134
bupranolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of buoranolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupranolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bupranolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T14:17:23Z
pathway
PW:0002135
bupranolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bupranolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupranolol
The pathway of buopranolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-10-29T14:17:57Z
pathway
SMP:00670
PW:0002136
bupranolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of buopranolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupranolol
A classical pathway of mitochondrial protein import that delivers matrix resident and some of the inner membrane proteins. The precursor proteins are synthesized with an amino terminal peptide extension - the presequence. Translocase complexes, chaperones and processing enzymes cooperate in the process.
VPetri
2015-10-30T09:05:51Z
pathway
PW:0002137
presequence pathway of mitochondrial protein import
A classical pathway of mitochondrial protein import that delivers matrix resident and some of the inner membrane proteins. The precursor proteins are synthesized with an amino terminal peptide extension - the presequence. Translocase complexes, chaperones and processing enzymes cooperate in the process.
PMID:22178138
PMID:24561263
The carrier pathway delivers many of the inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. These proteins are synthesized without a presequence.
VPetri
2015-10-30T09:41:54Z
pathway
PW:0002138
carrier pathway of mitochondrial protein import
The carrier pathway delivers many of the inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. These proteins are synthesized without a presequence.
PMID:22178138
PMID:24561263
The mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly pathway (MIA) delivers the resident proteins of this mitochondrial localization.
VPetri
2015-10-30T09:51:48Z
pathway
PW:0002139
intermembrane space assembly pathway of mitochondrial protein import
The mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly pathway (MIA) delivers the resident proteins of this mitochondrial localization.
PMID:22178138
PMID:24561263
The mitochondrial protein import thereby beta-barrel proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane are sorted and assembled.
VPetri
2015-10-30T10:06:56Z
pathway
PW:0002140
beta-barrel pathway of mitochondrial protein import
The mitochondrial protein import thereby beta-barrel proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane are sorted and assembled.
PMID:22178138
PMID:24561263
The mitochondrial protein import thereby alpha-helical proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane are sorted and assembled.
VPetri
2015-10-30T10:07:37Z
pathway
PW:0002141
alpha-helical insertion pathway of mitochondrial protein import
The mitochondrial protein import thereby alpha-helical proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane are sorted and assembled.
PMID:22178138
PMID:24561263
A rare congenital disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway. The neonatal form exhibits several phenotypes and can result in death.
VPetri
2015-11-02T08:59:19Z
PW:0002219
inborn error of urea cycle disease pathway
urea cycle disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002142
inborn error of urea cycle pathway
A rare congenital disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway. The neonatal form exhibits several phenotypes and can result in death.
MeSH:D056806
The condition represents a group of disorders due to argininosuccinate synthase deficiency. The enzyme is a component of the urea cycle pathway.
VPetri
2015-11-02T09:04:28Z
citrullinemia disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00001
citrullinemia type I disease pathway
PW:0002143
citrullinemia pathway
The condition represents a group of disorders due to argininosuccinate synthase deficiency. The enzyme is a component of the urea cycle pathway.
MeSH:D020159
OMIM:215700
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the hepatic mitochondrial enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1.
VPetri
2015-11-02T09:11:32Z
pathway
PW:0002144
carbamoyl phosphate synthase I deficiency pathway
true
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the hepatic mitochondrial enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1.
MeSH:D020165
OMIM:23730
A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the argininosuccinate lyase enzyme.
VPetri
2015-11-02T09:16:25Z
argininosuccinic aciduria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00003
PW:0002145
argininosuccinic aciduria pathway
A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the argininosuccinate lyase enzyme.
MeSH:D056807
OMIM:207900
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots by directly inhibiting thrombin. Thrombin is a serine protease involved in coagulation-related reactions. The drugs are further classified depending on how they interact with thrombin. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T11:47:17Z
pathway
PW:0002146
direct thrombin inhibitor drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots by directly inhibiting thrombin. Thrombin is a serine protease involved in coagulation-related reactions. The drugs are further classified depending on how they interact with thrombin. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_thrombin_inhibitor
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Bivalirudin binds to both the catalytic site and anion-binding exosite of thrombin and as classified as a bivalent inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T11:55:17Z
pathway
PW:0002147
bivalirudin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Bivalirudin binds to both the catalytic site and anion-binding exosite of thrombin and as classified as a bivalent inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalirudin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bivalirudin, a bivalent direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T11:55:54Z
pathway
PW:0002148
bivalirudin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bivalirudin, a bivalent direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalirudin
The pathway of bivalirudin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a bivalent direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T11:56:16Z
pathway
SMP:00277
PW:0002149
bivalirudin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of bivalirudin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a bivalent direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalirudin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit blood clot formation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T14:59:12Z
pathway
PW:0002150
antiplatelet drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit blood clot formation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiplatelet_drug
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that prevent the coagulation of blood. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:04:52Z
pathway
PW:0002151
anticoagulant drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that prevent the coagulation of blood. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that can dissolve blood clots. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:07:56Z
pathway
PW:0002152
thrombolytic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that can dissolve blood clots. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombolytic_drug
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bumetanide - a blocker of luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter used for the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:18:26Z
pathway
PW:0002153
bumetanide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bumetanide - a blocker of luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter used for the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumetanide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bumetanide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:22:40Z
pathway
PW:0002154
bumetanide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bumetanide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumetanide
The pathway of bumetanide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Bumetanide is used in the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:23:10Z
pathway
SMP:00088
PW:0002155
bumetanide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of bumetanide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug blocks the luminal sodium-potassium-chloride symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Bumetanide is used in the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumetanide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bisoprolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and several other conditions involving a faster than normal heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:38:43Z
pathway
PW:0002156
bisoprolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bisoprolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and several other conditions involving a faster than normal heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisoprolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bisoprolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:39:13Z
pathway
PW:0002157
bisoprolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bisoprolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisoprolol
The pathway of bisoprolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:39:42Z
pathway
SMP:00300
PW:0002158
bisoprolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of bisoprolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisoprolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used in the treatment of conditions affecting the sensory organs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:53:41Z
pathway
PW:0002159
sensory organ drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used in the treatment of conditions affecting the sensory organs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_system
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of betaxolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:58:15Z
pathway
PW:0002160
betaxolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of betaxolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betaxolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of betaxolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:58:47Z
pathway
PW:0002161
betaxolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of betaxolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betaxolol
The pathway of betaxolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-02T15:59:06Z
pathway
SMP:00299
PW:0002162
betaxolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of betaxolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betaxolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of moexipril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-03T08:54:16Z
pathway
PW:0002163
moexipril drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of moexipril - an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moexipril
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of moexipril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-03T08:54:58Z
pathway
SMP:00595
PW:0002164
moexipril pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of moexipril, an ACE inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moexipril
The pathway of moexipril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-03T08:59:40Z
pathway
SMP:00151
PW:0002165
moexipril pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of moexipril-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moexipril
A form of congenital hyperplasia resulting from defects in the CYP17A1 gene.
VPetri
2015-11-04T15:18:23Z
pathway
SMP:00372
PW:0002166
17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency pathway
A form of congenital hyperplasia resulting from defects in the CYP17A1 gene.
OMIM:202110
A form of congenital hyperplasia resulting from defects in the CYP21A2 gene.
VPetri
2015-11-04T15:18:29Z
pathway
SMP:00373
PW:0002167
21-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency pathway
A form of congenital hyperplasia resulting from defects in the CYP21A2 gene.
OMIM:201910
A form of congenital hyperplasia resulting from defects in the CYP11B1 gene.
VPetri
2015-11-04T15:26:22Z
pathway
SMP:00575
PW:0002168
11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency pathway
A form of congenital hyperplasia resulting from defects in the CYP11B1 gene.
OMIM:202010
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of acebutolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and arrhythmias. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T14:15:32Z
pathway
PW:0002169
acebutolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of acebutolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension and arrhythmias. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acebutolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of acebutolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T14:16:01Z
pathway
PW:0002170
acebutolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of acebutolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acebutolol
The pathway of acebutolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T14:16:26Z
pathway
SMP:00296
PW:0002171
acebutolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of acebutolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acebutolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of alendronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T14:21:53Z
pathway
PW:0002172
alendronate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of alendronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alendronic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of alendronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T14:23:01Z
pathway
PW:0002173
alendronate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of alendronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alendronic_acid
The pathway of alendronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Alendronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T14:24:02Z
pathway
SMP:00095
PW:0002174
alendronate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of alendronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Alendronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alendronic_acid
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pamidronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T14:27:46Z
pathway
PW:0002175
pamidronate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pamidronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamidronic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pamidronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T14:28:18Z
pathway
PW:0002176
pamidronate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pamidronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamidronic_acid
The pathway of pamidronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pamidronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T14:28:42Z
pathway
SMP:00117
PW:0002177
pamidronate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of pamidronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Pamidronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamidronic_acid
VPetri
2015-11-05T15:04:00Z
pathway
PW:0002178
skin disease pathway
VPetri
2015-11-05T15:04:15Z
pathway
PW:0002179
connective tissue disease pathway
Those skin diseases that contain a genetic component, usually resulting from inborn error of metabolism.
VPetri
2015-11-05T15:05:48Z
pathway
PW:0002180
genetic skin disease pathway
Those skin diseases that contain a genetic component, usually resulting from inborn error of metabolism.
MeSH:D012873
A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in collagen metabolism and due to defects in the prolidase PEPD gene. The condition is manifested in skin ulcers and mental retardation.
VPetri
2015-11-05T15:09:14Z
pathway
SMP:00207
PW:0002181
prolidase deficiency pathway
A rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in collagen metabolism and due to defects in the prolidase PEPD gene. The condition is manifested in skin ulcers and mental retardation.
MeSH:D056732
OMIM:170100
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. The drug inhibits the hydrogen potassium ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T15:16:44Z
pathway
PW:0002182
esomeprazole drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. It is administered for the treatment of acid-related disorders. The drug inhibits the hydrogen potassium ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esomeprazole
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of esomeprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T15:17:17Z
pathway
SMP:00612
PW:0002183
esomeprazole pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of esomeprazole, a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esomeprazole
The pathway of esomeprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Esomeprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-05T15:18:00Z
pathway
SMP:00225
PW:0002184
esomeprazole pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of esomeprazole-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Esomeprazole is a compound in the class of proton pump inhibitors used in the treatment of acid-related disorders. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esomeprazole
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lysine, an essential amino acid.
VPetri
2015-11-06T08:49:59Z
pathway
PW:0002185
lysine metabolic pathway
true
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of lysine, an essential amino acid.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of chlorothiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T08:33:21Z
pathway
PW:0002186
chlorothiazide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of chlorothiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorothiazide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of chlorothiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T08:34:05Z
pathway
PW:0002187
chlorothiazide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of chlorothiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorothiazide
The pathway of chlorothiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T08:34:28Z
pathway
SMP:00078
PW:0002188
chlorothiazide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of chlorothiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorothiazide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of buprenorphine, a semi-synthetic opioid and a mixed partial agonist opioid receptor modulator used to treat opioid addiction and to control moderate to acute pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T08:43:27Z
pathway
PW:0002189
buprenorphine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of buprenorphine, a semi-synthetic opioid and a mixed partial agonist opioid receptor modulator used to treat opioid addiction and to control moderate to acute pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buprenorphine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of buprenorphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T08:44:04Z
pathway
PW:0002190
buprenorphine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of buprenorphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buprenorphine
The pathway of buprenorphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective, mixed agonist-antagonist opioid receptor modulator. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T08:44:27Z
pathway
SMP:00684
PW:0002191
buprenorphine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of buprenorphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective, mixed agonist-antagonist opioid receptor modulator. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buprenorphine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bupivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:07:22Z
pathway
PW:0002192
bupivacaine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bupivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivacaine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bupivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:09:18Z
pathway
PW:0002193
bupivacaine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bupivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivacaine
The pathway of bupivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It acts mainly as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:09:52Z
pathway
SMP:00393
PW:0002194
bupivacaine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of bupivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It acts mainly as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivacaine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bendroflumethiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:30:16Z
pathway
PW:0002195
bendroflumethiazide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bendroflumethiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendroflumethiazide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bendroflumethiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:30:32Z
pathway
PW:0002196
bendroflumethiazide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bendroflumethiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendroflumethiazide
The pathway of bendroflumethiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:30:49Z
pathway
SMP:00090
PW:0002197
bendroflumethiazide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of bendroflumethiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendroflumethiazide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of azithromycin, an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth and used for the treatment of several bacterial infections and a number of sexually transmitted infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:40:37Z
pathway
PW:0002198
azithromycin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of azithromycin, an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth and used for the treatment of several bacterial infections and a number of sexually transmitted infections. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of azithromycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial growth. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:40:54Z
pathway
PW:0002199
azithromycin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination of azithromycin - an antibiotic that interferes with bacterial growth. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycin
The pathway of azithromycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with bacterial growth and is used for the treatment of several bacterial infections and a number of sexually transmitted infections. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:41:22Z
pathway
SMP:00247
PW:0002200
azithromycin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of azithromycin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with bacterial growth and is used for the treatment of several bacterial infections and a number of sexually transmitted infections. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azithromycinb
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of azathioprine, an immunosupressive drug used in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine, thus inhibiting DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:50:24Z
pathway
PW:0002201
azathioprine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of azathioprine, an immunosupressive drug used in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine, thus inhibiting DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azathioprine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of azathioprine, a meracptopurine prodrug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:50:54Z
pathway
PW:0002202
azathioprine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of azathioprine, a meracptopurine prodrug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azathioprine
The pathway of azathioprine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is an immunosupressive drug that inhibits DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-09T09:51:11Z
pathway
SMP:00427
PW:0002203
azathioprine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of azathioprine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is an immunosupressive drug that inhibits DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azathioprine
An inherited condition resulting from alterations in lysine metabolism. Mutations in the DHTKD1 gene, encoding an enzyme involved in the lysine degradation pathway, have been associated with the condition.
VPetri
2015-11-10T08:53:07Z
2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00719
PW:0002204
2-aminoadipic 2-oxoadipic aciduria pathway
An inherited condition resulting from alterations in lysine metabolism. Mutations in the DHTKD1 gene, encoding an enzyme involved in the lysine degradation pathway, have been associated with the condition.
OMIM:204750
An autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder with several phenotypes and due to mutations in the L2HGDH gene (the L-type), D2HGDH and IDH2 genes (the D-type). A combined L- and D-type has also been observed and has been attributed to mutations in the SLC25A1 gene.
VPetri
2015-11-10T09:02:17Z
2-hydroxyglutaricaciduria disease pathway
2-hydroxyglutaricaciduria pathway
pathway
SMP:00136
PW:0002205
2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria pathway
An autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder with several phenotypes and due to mutations in the L2HGDH gene (the L-type), D2HGDH and IDH2 genes (the D-type). A combined L- and D-type has also been observed and has been attributed to mutations in the SLC25A1 gene.
OMIM:236792
OMIM:600721
OMIM:613657
OMIM:615182
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the brain and peripheral vessels and manifested in infancy. Genetic studies identify defects in the ETHE1 gene, a mitochondrial resident gene product, thus pointing to implications in many aspects of mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis.
VPetri
2015-11-10T09:38:05Z
ethylmalonic encephalopathy disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00181
PW:0002206
ethylmalonic encephalopathy pathway
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the brain and peripheral vessels and manifested in infancy. Genetic studies identify defects in the ETHE1 gene, a mitochondrial resident gene product, thus pointing to implications in many aspects of mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis.
OMIM:602473
Conditions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
VPetri
2015-11-10T09:55:32Z
pathway
PW:0002207
autonomic nervous system disease pathway
Conditions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
MeSH:D001342
A condition resulting from alterations in the pathways of norepinephrine and epinephrine biosynthesis due to defects in the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH). DBH catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, in turn the precursor to epinephrine.
VPetri
2015-11-10T09:57:28Z
dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00498
PW:0002208
dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the pathways of norepinephrine and epinephrine biosynthesis due to defects in the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene (DBH). DBH catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, in turn the precursor to epinephrine.
OMIM:223360
PMID:19342614
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting in alterations in glycine, choline and folate metabolism and due to mutations in DMGDH gene.
VPetri
2015-11-10T10:08:49Z
pathway
SMP:00242
SMP:00484
PW:0002209
dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting in alterations in glycine, choline and folate metabolism and due to mutations in DMGDH gene.
OMIM:605850
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in pyrimidine degradation pathway due to mutations in dihydropyrimidine gene (DPYD). DPYD catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in pyrimidine bases (uracil and thymine) catabolism.
VPetri
2015-11-10T10:22:12Z
pathway
SMP:00179
PW:0002210
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in pyrimidine degradation pathway due to mutations in dihydropyrimidine gene (DPYD). DPYD catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in pyrimidine bases (uracil and thymine) catabolism.
MeSH:D054067
OMIM:274270
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in pyrimidine degradation pathway due to mutations in dihydropyrimidinase gene (DPYS). DPYS catalyzes the second step in pyrimidine bases (uracil and thymine) catabolism.
VPetri
2015-11-10T10:29:04Z
pathway
SMP:00178
PW:0002211
dihydropyrimidinase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in pyrimidine degradation pathway due to mutations in dihydropyrimidinase gene (DPYS). DPYS catalyzes the second step in pyrimidine bases (uracil and thymine) catabolism.
OMIM:222748
A very rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in glycerolipid metabolism due to defects in the glycerate kinase (GLYCTK) gene.
VPetri
2015-11-10T10:41:14Z
D-glycericacidemia disease pathway
pathway
D-glyceric aciduria disease pathway
SMP:00529
PW:0002212
D-glycericacidemia pathway
A very rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in glycerolipid metabolism due to defects in the glycerate kinase (GLYCTK) gene.
OMIM:220120
Conditions resulting from genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport pathways of kidney tubules.
VPetri
2015-11-11T15:21:59Z
inborn error of renal tubular transport disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002213
inborn error of renal tubular transport pathway
Conditions resulting from genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport pathways of kidney tubules.
MeSH:D015499
An autosomal condition resulting from impaired epithelial transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the proximal renal tubule. It is further classified based on differences in the genetic basis of the disorder.
VPetri
2015-11-11T15:22:06Z
cystinuria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00723
PW:0002214
cystinuria pathway
An autosomal condition resulting from impaired epithelial transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the proximal renal tubule. It is further classified based on differences in the genetic basis of the disorder.
MeSH:D003555
OMIM:220100
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in creatine metabolism due to mutations in the GAMT gene.
VPetri
2015-11-11T15:42:12Z
pathway
GAMT deficiency pathway
SMP:00188
SMP:00504
creatine deficiency syndrome pathway due to GMAT deficiency
PW:0002215
guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in creatine metabolism due to mutations in the GAMT gene.
OMIM:612736
An autosomal recessive condition due to defects in the uroporphyrinogen III synthase gene.
VPetri
2015-11-11T15:48:23Z
erythropoietic porphyria disease pathway
pathway
Gunther disease pathway
SMP:00345
PW:0002216
erythropoietic porphyria pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the transport of cystine across the lysosomal membrane due to defects in the lysosomal cystine transporter, cystinosin (CTNS).
VPetri
2015-11-12T08:12:25Z
cystinosis disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002217
cystinosis pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the transport of cystine across the lysosomal membrane due to defects in the lysosomal cystine transporter, cystinosin (CTNS).
MeSH:D003554
OMIM:219800
A variant of the classic nephropathic cystinosis type.
VPetri
2015-11-12T08:18:06Z
ocular non-nephropathic cystinosis pathway
pathway
SMP:00722
PW:0002218
ocular nonnephropathic cystinosis pathway
A variant of the classic nephropathic cystinosis type.
OMIM:219750
Conditions resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway.
VPetri
2015-11-12T09:15:04Z
pathway
PW:0002219
urea cycle disease pathway
true
Conditions resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway.
MeSH:D056806
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the hepatic mitochondrial enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1.
VPetri
2015-11-12T09:18:07Z
PW:0002144
carbamoyl phosphate synthase I deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00002
carbamoyl synthetase deficiency pathway
PW:0002220
carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of aprotinin, an antifibrinolytic inhibitor of trypsin and other serine proteases, used to reduce bleeding during surgery. Once withdrawn from the market, it has been reintroduced. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T09:49:08Z
pathway
PW:0002221
aprotinin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of aprotinin, an antifibrinolytic inhibitor of trypsin and other serine proteases, used to reduce bleeding during surgery. Once withdrawn from the market, it has been reintroduced. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprotinin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of aprotinin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T09:49:23Z
pathway
PW:0002222
aprotinin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of aprotinin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprotinin
The pathway of aprotinin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor of trypsin, chymotrypsin and others. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T09:49:44Z
pathway
SMP:00288
PW:0002223
aprotinin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of aprotinin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor of trypsin, chymotrypsin and others. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aprotinin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of arbekacin, an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T10:06:47Z
pathway
PW:0002224
arbekacin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of arbekacin, an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbekacin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of arbekacin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T10:07:48Z
pathway
PW:0002225
arbekacin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of arbekacin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbekacin
The pathway of arbekacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Arbekacin inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. The drug is used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T10:08:10Z
pathway
SMP:00713
PW:0002226
arbekacin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of arbekacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Arbekacin inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. The drug is used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbekacin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T10:29:44Z
pathway
PW:0002227
argatrobran drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argatroban
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T10:30:50Z
pathway
PW:0002228
argatrobran pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argatroban
The pathway of argatroban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T10:31:14Z
pathway
SMP:00276
PW:0002229
argatroban pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of argatroban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argatroban
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of atenotolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T10:40:52Z
pathway
PW:0002230
atenolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of atenotolol, a selective beta adrenergic type 1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of atenolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T10:41:27Z
pathway
PW:0002231
atenolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of atenolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenolol
The pathway of atenolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-12T10:41:57Z
pathway
SMP:00298
PW:0002232
atenolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of atenolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective antagonist of beta adrenergic type 1 receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atenolol
The various conditions affecting any segment of the gastrointestinal tract resulting from alterations in one or several pathways.
VPetri
2015-11-17T08:19:56Z
pathway
PW:0002233
gastrointestinal disease pathway
The various conditions affecting any segment of the gastrointestinal tract resulting from alterations in one or several pathways.
MeSH:D005767
A condition resulting from inadequate levels of folic acid in the diet and manifested as various forms of anemia. In certain tissues, the condition is indistinguishable from vitamin B deficiency.
VPetri
2015-11-17T08:23:18Z
pathway
PW:0002234
folic acid deficiency pathway
A condition resulting from inadequate levels of folic acid in the diet and manifested as various forms of anemia. In certain tissues, the condition is indistinguishable from vitamin B deficiency.
MeSH:D005494
The group of syndromes resulting from failure of normal intestinal absorption of nutrients.
VPetri
2015-11-17T08:26:19Z
pathway
PW:0002235
malabsorption syndrome pathway
The group of syndromes resulting from failure of normal intestinal absorption of nutrients.
MeSH:D008286
An autosomal recessive condition likely due to alterations in folate transport and exhibiting the symptoms of folate deficiency.
VPetri
2015-11-17T08:30:57Z
hereditary folate malabsorption disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00724
PW:0002236
hereditary folate malabsorption pathway
An autosomal recessive condition likely due to alterations in folate transport and exhibiting the symptoms of folate deficiency.
OMIM:229050
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of penbutolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Penbutolol is a sympathomimetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-17T09:12:59Z
pathway
PW:0002237
penbutolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of penbutolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Penbutolol is a sympathomimetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penbutolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of penbutolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-17T09:13:41Z
pathway
PW:0002238
penbutolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of penbutolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penbutolol
The pathway of penbutolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-17T09:14:09Z
pathway
SMP:00305
PW:0002239
penbutolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of penbutolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penbutolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxeprenolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used for the treatment of angina, high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms. The drug has some intrinsic sympathomimetic properties. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-17T09:17:29Z
pathway
PW:0002240
oxeprenolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxeprenolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used for the treatment of angina, high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms. The drug has some intrinsic sympathomimetic properties. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxprenolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxeprenolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-17T09:22:23Z
pathway
PW:0002241
oxeprenolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxeprenolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxprenolol
The pathway of oxeprenolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-17T09:22:46Z
pathway
SMP:00304
PW:0002242
oxeprenolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of oxeprenolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxprenolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to cause reversible loss of sensation and generally administered to facilitate surgery.
VPetri
2015-11-18T15:14:45Z
pathway
PW:0002243
anesthetic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to cause reversible loss of sensation and generally administered to facilitate surgery.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthetic
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of prilocaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-18T15:30:29Z
pathway
PW:0002244
prilocaine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of prilocaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilocaine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of prilocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-18T15:30:55Z
pathway
PW:0002245
prilocaine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of prilocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilocaine
The pathway of prilocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug exerts its effects by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-18T15:31:22Z
pathway
SMP:00401
PW:0002246
prilocaine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of prilocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug exerts its effects by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prilocaine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ropivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-18T15:37:03Z
pathway
PW:0002247
ropivacaine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ropivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropivacaine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ropivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-18T15:37:32Z
pathway
PW:0002248
ropivacaine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ropivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropivacaine
The pathway of ropivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug exerts its effects by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-18T15:38:30Z
pathway
SMP:00404
PW:0002249
ropivacaine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ropivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug exerts its effects by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropivacaine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of torasemide, a diuretic drug mainly used in the management of edema associated with congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T09:50:53Z
pathway
torsemide drug pathway
PW:0002250
torasemide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of torasemide, a diuretic drug mainly used in the management of edema associated with congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torasemide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of torasemide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T09:52:08Z
pathway
torsemide pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0002251
torasemide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of torasemide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torasemide
The pathway of torasemide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T09:52:31Z
pathway
SMP:00118
torsemide pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0002252
torasemide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of torasemide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torasemide
Autosomal recessive conditions resulting from alterations in biotin metabolism.
VPetri
2015-11-20T10:05:33Z
pathway
PW:0002253
multiple carboxylase deficiency pathway
Autosomal recessive conditions resulting from alterations in biotin metabolism.
MeSH:D009100
A late onset form of multiple carboxylase deficiency due to defects in the biotin recycling biotinidase enzyme.
VPetri
2015-11-20T10:16:33Z
pathway
SMP:00174
PW:0002254
biotinidase deficiency pathway
A late onset form of multiple carboxylase deficiency due to defects in the biotin recycling biotinidase enzyme.
MeSH:D028921
OMIM:253260
The neonatal form of multiple carboxylase deficiency due to defects in holocarboxylase synthetase, the enzyme catalyzing the covalent attachment of biotin to biotin-dependent carboxylases.
VPetri
2015-11-20T10:23:25Z
Biotin-(propionyl-CoA-carboxylase) ligase deficiency pathway
multiple carboxylase deficiency (neonatal onset) pathway
pathway
SMP:00564
PW:0002255
holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency pathway
The neonatal form of multiple carboxylase deficiency due to defects in holocarboxylase synthetase, the enzyme catalyzing the covalent attachment of biotin to biotin-dependent carboxylases.
MeSH:D028922
OMIM:253270
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of reteplase - one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Plasminogen is a key player in the fibrinolytic cascade pathway of blood clots breakdown. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T10:47:08Z
pathway
PW:0002256
reteplase drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of reteplase - one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Plasminogen is a key player in the fibrinolytic cascade pathway of blood clots breakdown. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reteplase
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of reteplase, one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T10:47:34Z
pathway
PW:0002257
reteplase pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of reteplase, one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reteplase
The pathway of reteplase-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Reteplase is one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Reteplase is used to treat heart attack. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T10:47:55Z
pathway
SMP:00285
PW:0002258
reteplase pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of reteplase-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Reteplase is one of several recombinant tissue plasminogen activators. Reteplase is used to treat heart attack. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reteplase
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nadolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T10:56:45Z
pathway
PW:0002259
nadolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of nadolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nadolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T10:57:38Z
pathway
PW:0002260
nadolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of nadolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadolol
The pathway of nadolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T10:58:36Z
pathway
SMP:00303
PW:0002261
nadolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of nadolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pindolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Pindolol is a sympathomimetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T11:03:13Z
pathway
PW:0002262
pindolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of pindolol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Pindolol is a sympathomimetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindolol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pindolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T11:08:36Z
pathway
PW:0002263
pindolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of pindolol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindolol
The pathway of pindolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T11:08:55Z
pathway
SMP:00306
PW:0002264
pindolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of pindolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindolol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of teniposide, a drug used to treat childhood leukemia. The drug inhibits DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T11:41:47Z
pathway
PW:0002265
teniposide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of teniposide, a drug used to treat childhood leukemia. The drug inhibits DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:19149581
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teniposide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of teniposide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T11:46:47Z
pathway
SMP:00602
PW:0002266
teniposide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of teniposide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:19149581
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teniposide
The pathway of teniposide-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of certain cancers and its mode of action is believed to be inhibition of DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-20T11:47:05Z
pathway
SMP:00443
PW:0002267
teniposide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of teniposide-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of certain cancers and its mode of action is believed to be inhibition of DNA synthesis. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:19149581
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teniposide
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of zoledronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T08:18:48Z
pathway
PW:0002268
zoledronate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of zoledronate - a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoledronic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of zoledronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T08:20:34Z
pathway
PW:0002269
zoledronate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of zoledronate, a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoledronic_acid
The pathway of zoledronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Zoledronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T08:21:01Z
pathway
SMP:00107
PW:0002270
zoledronate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of zoledronate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Zoledronate is a nitrogenous bisphosphonate drug used to treat bone diseases. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoledronic_acid
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of eplrenone, a drug used as an adjunct in the management of chronic heart failure. enetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T08:31:02Z
pathway
PW:0002271
eplerenone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of eplrenone, a drug used as an adjunct in the management of chronic heart failure. enetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eplerenone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of eplerenone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T08:31:29Z
pathway
PW:0002272
eplerenone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of eplerenone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eplerenone
The pathway of eplerenone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Eplerenone is an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor and indicated for the reduction of cardiovascular death risk in people with heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T08:31:58Z
pathway
SMP:00135
PW:0002273
eplerenone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of eplerenone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Eplerenone is an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor and indicated for the reduction of cardiovascular death risk in people with heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eplerenone
A rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in leucine metabolism.
VPetri
2015-11-23T08:42:36Z
3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency pathway
3MG-CoA hydratase deficiency pathway
MGA type I pathway
MGA1 pathway
type I 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria disease pathway
type I 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria pathway
pathway
SMP:00139
PW:0002274
3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 1 pathway
A rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in leucine metabolism.
OMIM:250950
A syndrome consisting of early-onset bilateral optic atrophy associated with later-onset spasticity and cognitive deficit.
VPetri
2015-11-23T08:46:19Z
3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III pathway
Costeff optic atrophy syndrome pathway
Costeff syndrome pathway
Iraqi-Jewish optic atrophy plus pathway
MGA3 pathway
autosomal recessive optic atrophy plus syndrome pathway
autosomal recessive optic atrophy type 3 pathway
infantile optic atrophy with chorea and spastic paraplegia pathway
type III 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria disease pathway
type III 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria pathway
pathway
Costeff syndrome disease pathway
SMP:00140
PW:0002275
3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 3 pathway
A syndrome consisting of early-onset bilateral optic atrophy associated with later-onset spasticity and cognitive deficit.
OMIM:258502
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alteration in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway.
VPetri
2015-11-23T08:58:22Z
pathway
SMP:00167
PW:0002276
adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alteration in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway.
OMIM:103050
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine.
VPetri
2015-11-23T09:03:16Z
alkaptonuria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00169
PW:0002277
alkaptonuria pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine.
MeSH:D000474
OMIM:203500
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fenoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and mild pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T10:30:11Z
pathway
PW:0002278
fenoprofen drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fenoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and mild pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoprofen
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fenoprofen. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T10:44:04Z
pathway
PW:0002279
fenoprofen pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fenoprofen. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoprofen
The pathway of fenoprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and mild pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T10:44:26Z
pathway
SMP:00696
PW:0002280
fenoprofen pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of fenoprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and mild pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoprofen
One of the subgroups of the Therapeutic Chemical Classification System developed by WHO for grouping drugs acting as antidotes, chelators, detoxifying agents, and others. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of such agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T10:58:52Z
pathway
PW:0002281
various drug pathway
One of the subgroups of the Therapeutic Chemical Classification System developed by WHO for grouping drugs acting as antidotes, chelators, detoxifying agents, and others. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of such agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_V03
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of naloxone, a medication used to reverse the effects opioids overdose. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T11:03:29Z
pathway
PW:0002282
naloxone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of naloxone, a medication used to reverse the effects opioids overdose. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naloxone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of naloxone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T11:04:42Z
pathway
PW:0002283
naloxone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of naloxone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naloxone
The pathway of naloxone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Naloxone is a mu-opioid receptor competitive antagonist. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T11:05:05Z
pathway
SMP:00688
PW:0002284
naloxone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of naloxone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Naloxone is a mu-opioid receptor competitive antagonist. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naloxone
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of porphyrins. Porphyrins represent a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds. Many are naturally occurring and one best example is the red blood cell heme pigment.
VPetri
2015-11-23T11:36:53Z
pathway
Metabolism of porphyrins
porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process
PW:0002285
porphyrin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of porphyrins. Porphyrins represent a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds. Many are naturally occurring and one best example is the red blood cell heme pigment.
GO:0006778
Reactome:R-HSA-189445
SMP:00024
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cilostazol, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T14:28:24Z
pathway
PW:0002286
cilostazol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cilostazol, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilostazol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cilostazol, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T14:29:36Z
pathway
PW:0002287
cilostazol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cilostazol, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilostazol
The pathway of cilostazol-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 3. The increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) and subsequent increase in active protein kinase A (PKA) leads to inhibition of platelet aggregation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-23T14:30:02Z
pathway
SMP:00263
PW:0002288
cilostazol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of cilostazol-interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 3. The increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) and subsequent increase in active protein kinase A (PKA) leads to inhibition of platelet aggregation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilostazol
A rare inherited metabolic condition due to alterations in the activity of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase.
VPetri
2015-11-23T15:11:20Z
PW:0002550
malonic aciduria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00198
SMP:00502
malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency pathway
PW:0002289
malonic aciduria pathway
A rare inherited metabolic condition due to alterations in the activity of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase.
OMIM:248360
A rare autosomal condition resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the arginase enzyme.
VPetri
2015-11-23T15:23:30Z
deficiency of canavanase pathway
hyperargininemia disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00357
arginase deficiency pathway
argininemia disease pathway
PW:0002290
hyperargininemia pathway
A rare autosomal condition resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway and due to defects in the arginase enzyme.
MeSH:D020162
OMIM:207800
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of carnitine. Carnitine is derived from lysine and methionine and is important for fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial matrix.
VPetri
2015-11-23T15:38:05Z
pathway
Carnitine metabolism
carnitine metabolic process
PW:0002291
carnitine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of carnitine. Carnitine is derived from lysine and methionine and is important for fatty acid transport into the mitochondrial matrix.
GO:0009437
Reactome:R-HSA-200425
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitine
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of carnitine. It involves the amino acids lysine and methionine and it largely occurs in the kidney and liver.
VPetri
2015-11-23T15:40:25Z
pathway
Carnitine synthesis
carnitine biosynthetic process
PW:0002292
carnitine biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of carnitine. It involves the amino acids lysine and methionine and it largely occurs in the kidney and liver.
GO:0045329
Reactome:R-HSA-71262
SMP:00465
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitine
Those metabolic reactions resulting in the breakdown of carnitine.
VPetri
2015-11-23T15:42:39Z
pathway
carnitine catabolic process
PW:0002293
carnitine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions resulting in the breakdown of carnitine.
GO:0042413
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnitine
A condition resulting from alterations in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway and due to defects in the enzyme catalyzing the final steps.
VPetri
2015-11-24T08:45:20Z
AICAR Transformylase Inosine Monophosphate Cyclohydrolase Deficiency Pathway
AICAR Transformylase/IMP Cyclohydrloase Deficiency Pathway
pathway
SMP:00168
PW:0002294
AICA-ribosuria pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway and due to defects in the enzyme catalyzing the final steps.
OMIM:608688
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used in the treatment of epilepsy or seizure. Some can also act as mood stabilizers.
VPetri
2015-11-24T09:53:06Z
pathway
PW:0002295
antiepileptic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used in the treatment of epilepsy or seizure. Some can also act as mood stabilizers.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_N03
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fosphenytoin, a drug used in the treatment of acute convulsive epileptic seizure. Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-24T09:56:33Z
pathway
PW:0002296
fosphenytoin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fosphenytoin, a drug used in the treatment of acute convulsive epileptic seizure. Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosphenytoin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fosphenytoin, a prodrug used for the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-24T09:57:13Z
pathway
SMP:00618
PW:0002297
fosphenytoin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fosphenytoin, a prodrug used for the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosphenytoin
The pathway of fosphenytoin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used for the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-11-24T09:57:45Z
pathway
SMP:00326
PW:0002298
fosphenytoin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of fosphenytoin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Fosphenytoin is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used for the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fosphenytoin
A condition due to defects in glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT). As a component of methionine, homocysteine and folate metabolism among others, the defective enzyme potentially disrupts many metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2015-11-24T10:44:24Z
hypermethioninemia due to GNMT deficiency pathway
hypermethioninemia due to glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00222
PW:0002299
glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency pathway
A condition due to defects in glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT). As a component of methionine, homocysteine and folate metabolism among others, the defective enzyme potentially disrupts many metabolic pathways.
OMIM:606664
The lysosomal storage disease pathways affecting the nervous system.
VPetri
2015-11-24T13:55:10Z
PW:0002020
pathway
PW:0002300
nervous system lysosomal storage disease pathway
The lysosomal storage disease pathways affecting the nervous system.
MeSH:D020140
A group of inherited metabolic disorders resulting in abnormal accumulation of sphingolipids in the central nervous system and also visceral organs due to defects in their degradation pathway.
VPetri
2015-11-24T14:00:39Z
sphingolipidoses disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002301
sphingolipidosis pathway
A group of inherited metabolic disorders resulting in abnormal accumulation of sphingolipids in the central nervous system and also visceral organs due to defects in their degradation pathway.
MeSH:D013106
A condition characterized by elevated serum bile acid concentration that can be due to defects in any of several genes.
VPetri
2015-11-24T14:37:58Z
familial hypercholanemia disease pathway
pathway
FHCA disease pathway
SMP:00317
PW:0002302
familial hypercholanemia pathway
A condition characterized by elevated serum bile acid concentration that can be due to defects in any of several genes.
OMIM:607748
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of indometacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain and to reduce fever. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-02T14:30:20Z
pathway
PW:0002303
indometacin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of indometacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and is used in the treatment of inflammation and pain and to reduce fever. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indometacin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of indometacin. The drug is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-02T14:35:10Z
pathway
PW:0002304
indometacin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of indometacin. The drug is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indometacin
The pathway of indometacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Indometcin is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-02T14:35:36Z
pathway
SMP:00104
PW:0002305
indometacin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of indometacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Indometcin is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indometacin
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in several metabolic pathways due to defects in the GCDH gene.
VPetri
2015-12-02T14:50:47Z
glutaric acidemia I pathway
glutaric aciduria I pathway
glutaric aciduria type I disease pathway
glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00185
SMP:00186
PW:0002306
glutaric aciduria type I pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in several metabolic pathways due to defects in the GCDH gene.
OMIM:231670
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levobunolol, a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of glaucoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-03T09:47:52Z
pathway
PW:0002307
levobunolol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levobunolol, a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of glaucoma. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.drugs.com/pro/levobunolol.html
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levobunolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-03T09:49:13Z
pathway
PW:0002308
levobunolol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levobunolol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
http://www.drugs.com/pro/levobunolol.html
The pathway of levobunolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective antagonist of beta adrenergic used in the treatment of glaucoma. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-03T09:49:46Z
pathway
SMP:00666
PW:0002309
levobunolol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of levobunolol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective antagonist of beta adrenergic used in the treatment of glaucoma. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
http://www.drugs.com/pro/levobunolol.html
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of desipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, insomnia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-03T10:07:30Z
pathway
PW:0002310
doxepin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of desipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, insomnia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxepin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of doxepin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-03T10:07:54Z
pathway
SMP:00641
PW:0002311
doxepin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of doxepin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxepin
The pathway of doxepin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, insomnia. Its effects result from inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitter reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-03T10:08:21Z
pathway
PW:0002312
doxepin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of doxepin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, insomnia. Its effects result from inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitter reuptake. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxepin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of indometacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes. It is commonly used to reduce fever, pain and swelling in wide range of conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-04T08:50:23Z
pathway
indomethacin drug pathway
PW:0002313
indometacin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of indometacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes. It is commonly used to reduce fever, pain and swelling in wide range of conditions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indometacin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of indometacin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-04T08:50:52Z
pathway
indomethacin pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0002314
indometacin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of indometacin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indometacin
The pathway of indometacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Indometacin is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes and commonly used to reduce fever, pain and swelling in a wide range of conditions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-04T08:51:14Z
pathway
SMP:00104
indomethacin pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0002315
indometacin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of indometacin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Indometacin is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes and commonly used to reduce fever, pain and swelling in a wide range of conditions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indometacin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of psychoactive drugs that can induce an improvement in the mental or physical activity. While such drugs are used as prescription medicine they can also be abused and some substances in this category are illicit.
VPetri
2015-12-07T08:26:41Z
pathway
PW:0002316
psychostimulant drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of psychoactive drugs that can induce an improvement in the mental or physical activity. While such drugs are used as prescription medicine they can also be abused and some substances in this category are illicit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoactive_drug
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of caffeine, a psychostimulant of the methylxanthine class. It can confer some protective effects against some conditions. It is largely considered safe but the pure powdered caffeine, available as dietary supplement, can be lethal in higher amounts. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T08:35:37Z
pathway
PW:0002317
caffeine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of caffeine, a psychostimulant of the methylxanthine class. It can confer some protective effects against some conditions. It is largely considered safe but the pure powdered caffeine, available as dietary supplement, can be lethal in higher amounts. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of caffeine, a widely used stimulant of the central nervous system. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T08:36:05Z
pathway
SMP:00028
PW:0002318
caffeine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of caffeine, a widely used stimulant of the central nervous system. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine
The pathway of caffeine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Caffeine is an antagonist of adenosine receptors of all types. As such, it stimulates vasomotor and respiratory centers and also promotes neurotransmitter release. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T08:36:29Z
pathway
PW:0002319
caffeine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of caffeine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Caffeine is an antagonist of adenosine receptors of all types. As such, it stimulates vasomotor and respiratory centers and also promotes neurotransmitter release. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of trichlormethiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T08:58:05Z
pathway
PW:0002320
trichlormethiazide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of trichlormethiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichlormethiazide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of trichlormethiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T08:58:51Z
pathway
PW:0002321
trichlormethiazide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of trichlormethiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichlormethiazide
The pathway of trichlormethiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is thought to block reabsorption of chloride and possibly sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T08:59:19Z
pathway
SMP:00121
PW:0002322
trichlormethiazide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of trichlormethiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is thought to block reabsorption of chloride and possibly sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichlormethiazide
A rare autosomal condition resulting from alterations in several metabolic pathways and due to defects in the HMGCL gene.
VPetri
2015-12-07T09:04:52Z
pathway
SMP:00138
PW:0002323
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency pathway
A rare autosomal condition resulting from alterations in several metabolic pathways and due to defects in the HMGCL gene.
OMIM:246450
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in neurotransmitter metabolism and due to defects in the AADC gene.
VPetri
2015-12-07T09:10:03Z
aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency pathway
pathway
Dopa decarboxylase deficiency pathway
SMP:00170
PW:0002324
aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in neurotransmitter metabolism and due to defects in the AADC gene.
OMIM:608643
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that prevent the coagulation of blood acting as vitamin K inhibitors . Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T09:44:07Z
pathway
PW:0002325
vitamin K antagonist drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that prevent the coagulation of blood acting as vitamin K inhibitors . Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_B01#B01AA_Vitamin_K_antagonists
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of heparin group drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots by activating the antithrombin III (AT) thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T09:52:28Z
pathway
PW:0002326
heparin group drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of heparin group drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots by activating the antithrombin III (AT) thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of heparin, a naturally occurring anticoagulant produced by basophils and mast cells. Heparin, and its low molecular weight derivative, bind to and activates the thrombin enzyme inhibitor antithrombin III. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T09:55:54Z
pathway
PW:0002327
heparin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of heparin, a naturally occurring anticoagulant produced by basophils and mast cells. Heparin, and its low molecular weight derivative, bind to and activates the thrombin enzyme inhibitor antithrombin III. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of heparin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T09:56:15Z
pathway
PW:0002328
heparin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of heparin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin
The pathway of heparin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Heparin is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that binds to and activates the thrombin inhibitor antithrombin III (AT). Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T09:56:34Z
pathway
SMP:00274
PW:0002329
heparin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of heparin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Heparin is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that binds to and activates the thrombin inhibitor antithrombin III (AT). Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin derivative. The drug is an anticoagulant that activates the thrombin inhibitor antithrombin III (AT). Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T09:57:16Z
pathway
PW:0002330
enoxaparin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin derivative. The drug is an anticoagulant that activates the thrombin inhibitor antithrombin III (AT). Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoxaparin_sodium
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of enoxaparin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T09:58:01Z
pathway
PW:0002331
enoxaparin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of enoxaparin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoxaparin_sodium
The pathway of enoxaparin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin derivative anticoagulant that binds to and activates the thrombin inhibitor antithrombin III (AT). Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-07T09:58:21Z
pathway
SMP:00272
PW:0002332
enoxaparin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of enoxaparin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin derivative anticoagulant that binds to and activates the thrombin inhibitor antithrombin III (AT). Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoxaparin_sodium
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fosphenytoin, an anti-seizure medication also used for certain heart arrhythmias. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-08T14:31:07Z
pathway
PW:0002333
phenytoin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fosphenytoin, an anti-seizure medication also used for certain heart arrhythmias. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenytoin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of phenytoin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-08T14:31:47Z
pathway
PW:0002334
phenytoin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of phenytoin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenytoin
The pathway of phenytoin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used as an anti-seizure medication and also for certain heart arrhythmias. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-08T14:32:08Z
pathway
SMP:00327
PW:0002335
phenytoin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of phenytoin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used as an anti-seizure medication and also for certain heart arrhythmias. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenytoin
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used in the treatment of arrythmias. Some beta receptor and channel blockers may also act as antiarrhythmic agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-08T14:42:44Z
pathway
PW:0002336
antiarrhythmic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used in the treatment of arrythmias. Some beta receptor and channel blockers may also act as antiarrhythmic agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiarrhythmic_agent
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mexiletine, a drug used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Mexiletine is a non-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker of the Class IB antiarrhythimc drugs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-08T14:55:08Z
pathway
PW:0002337
mexiletine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of mexiletine, a drug used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Mexiletine is a non-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker of the Class IB antiarrhythimc drugs. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexiletine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mexiletine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-08T14:56:42Z
pathway
PW:0002338
mexiletine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mexiletine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexiletine
The pathway of mexiletine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-08T14:57:08Z
pathway
SMP:00329
PW:0002339
mexiletine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of mexiletine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker antiarrhythmic agent. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexiletine
Those conditions, acquired, familial or congenital, affecting the skeletal muscle and/or smooth muscle.
VPetri
2015-12-09T14:33:52Z
pathway
PW:0002340
muscular disease pathway
Those conditions, acquired, familial or congenital, affecting the skeletal muscle and/or smooth muscle.
MeSH:D009135
A disorder manifested by abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone.
VPetri
2015-12-09T14:40:52Z
pathway
PW:0002341
muscle hypertonia disorder pathway
A disorder manifested by abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone.
MeSH:D009122
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper motor neuron dysfunction.
VPetri
2015-12-09T14:42:18Z
pathway
PW:0002342
muscle spasticity disorder pathway
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper motor neuron dysfunction.
MeSH:D009128
A rather common condition resulting from alterations in folate metabolism and due to defects in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene.
VPetri
2015-12-09T14:55:11Z
pathway
SMP:00340
PW:0002343
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency pathway
A rather common condition resulting from alterations in folate metabolism and due to defects in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene.
OMIM:236250
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of etoposide, a cytotoxic anticancer drug in the topoisomerase inhibitor class. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-09T15:29:06Z
pathway
PW:0002344
etoposide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of etoposide, a cytotoxic anticancer drug in the topoisomerase inhibitor class. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etoposide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of etoposide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-09T15:30:50Z
pathway
SMP:00601
PW:0002345
etoposide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of etoposide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etoposide
The pathway of etoposide-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Etoposide is a cytotoxic anticancer drug in the topoisomerase inhibitor class. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-09T15:31:33Z
pathway
SMP:00442
PW:0002346
etoposide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of etoposide-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Etoposide is a cytotoxic anticancer drug in the topoisomerase inhibitor class. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etoposide
An autosomal recessive condition due to defects in the acid lipase gene.
VPetri
2015-12-10T13:50:15Z
pathway
SMP:00508
PW:0002347
cholesterol ester storage disease pathway
An autosomal recessive condition due to defects in the acid lipase gene.
MeSH:D015217
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lornoxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-15T08:39:08Z
pathway
PW:0002348
lornoxicam drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lornoxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lornoxicam
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lornoxicam. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-15T08:40:05Z
pathway
PW:0002349
lornoxicam pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lornoxicam. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lornoxicam
The pathway of lornoxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used to relieve various types of pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-15T08:40:11Z
pathway
SMP:00700
PW:0002350
lornoxicam pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of lornoxicam-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used to relieve various types of pain. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lornoxicam
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor 2, overexpressed in certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-15T09:22:35Z
pathway
PW:0002351
trastuzumab drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor 2, overexpressed in certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trastuzumab
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of trastuzumab. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-15T09:23:00Z
pathway
PW:0002352
trastuzumab pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of trastuzumab. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trastuzumab
The pathway of trastuzumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor 2, overexpressed in certain cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-15T09:23:32Z
pathway
SMP:00476
PW:0002353
trastuzumab pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of trastuzumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor 2, overexpressed in certain cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trastuzumab
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used as antiparasitic agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability.
VPetri
2015-12-15T09:52:01Z
pathway
PW:0002354
antiparasitic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used as antiparasitic agents. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_P01
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of artemether, an antimalarial agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-15T09:56:16Z
pathway
PW:0002355
artemether drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of artemether, an antimalarial agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemether
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of artemether. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-15T09:56:40Z
pathway
SMP:00651
PW:0002356
artemether pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of artemether. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemether
The pathway of artemether-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Artemether is used to treat malaria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-15T09:57:04Z
pathway
PW:0002357
artemether pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of artemether-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Artemether is used to treat malaria. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemether
A group of mental disorders whose onset is in the developmental period.
VPetri
2015-12-15T14:21:38Z
pathway
PW:0002358
neurodevelopmental disorder pathway
A group of mental disorders whose onset is in the developmental period.
MeSH:D065886
An autosomal recessive condition characterized by developmental delay and mental retardation due to defects in the GATM gene.
VPetri
2015-12-15T14:23:55Z
arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00362
SMP:00507
PW:0002359
AGAT deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive condition characterized by developmental delay and mental retardation due to defects in the GATM gene.
OMIM:612718
Condition resulting from genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport functions of the kidney tubules.
VPetri
2015-12-15T14:36:19Z
fanconi syndrome pathway
pathway
Fanconi-Bickel syndrome pathway
SMP:00572
PW:0002360
Fanconi syndrome pathway
Condition resulting from genetic defects in the selective or non-selective transport functions of the kidney tubules.
MeSH:D015499
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of remifentanil, a synthetic opioid analgesic used in general anesthesia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T08:00:08Z
pathway
PW:0002361
remifentanil drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of remifentanil, a synthetic opioid analgesic used in general anesthesia. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remifentanil
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of remifentanil. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T08:01:50Z
pathway
PW:0002362
remifentanil pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of remifentanil. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remifentanil
The pathway of remifentanil-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a synthetic opioid analgesic used in general anesthesia. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T08:02:16Z
pathway
SMP:00416
PW:0002363
remifentanil pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of remifentanil-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a synthetic opioid analgesic used in general anesthesia. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remifentanil
A heterogeneous group of disorders triggered by alterations in mitochondria metabolism and resulting in dysfunction in muscle and nervous system.
VPetri
2015-12-17T08:13:19Z
pathway
PW:0002364
mitochondrial encephalomyopathy pathway
A heterogeneous group of disorders triggered by alterations in mitochondria metabolism and resulting in dysfunction in muscle and nervous system.
MeSH:D017237
A severe autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in the p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase RRM2B.
VPetri
2015-12-17T08:21:58Z
pathway
MNGIE syndrome pathway
SMP:00202
PW:0002365
mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome pathway
A severe autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in the p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase RRM2B.
OMIM:612075
Conditions affecting any segment of the intestine.
VPetri
2015-12-17T08:33:48Z
pathway
PW:0002366
intestinal disease pathway
Conditions affecting any segment of the intestine.
MeSH:D007410
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used in the treatment of various cancers. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T09:05:30Z
pathway
PW:0002367
antineoplastic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used as immunostimulants. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T09:05:55Z
pathway
PW:0002368
immunostimulant drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used as immunostimulants. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunostimulant
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used as immunosupressants. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T09:06:23Z
pathway
PW:0002369
immunosuppressant drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs used as immunosupressants. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_L04
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of various types of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T09:16:14Z
pathway
PW:0002370
monoclonal antibody drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of various types of cancer. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody#Cancer_treatment
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cetuximab, a chimeric (mouse/human) monoclonal antibody that interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T09:38:50Z
pathway
PW:0002371
cetuximab drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cetuximab, a chimeric (mouse/human) monoclonal antibody that interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetuximab
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cetuximab. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T09:39:25Z
pathway
PW:0002372
cetuximab pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cetuximab. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetuximab
The pathway of cetuxiumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T09:39:48Z
pathway
SMP:00474
PW:0002373
cetuximab pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of cetuxiumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetuximab
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of panitumumab, a human monoclonal antibody that interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T09:45:33Z
pathway
PW:0002374
panitumumab drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of panitumumab, a human monoclonal antibody that interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panitumumab
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of panitumumab. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T09:46:12Z
pathway
PW:0002375
panitumumab pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of panitumumab. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panitumumab
The pathway of panitumumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-17T09:47:04Z
pathway
SMP:00475
PW:0002376
panitumumab pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of panitumumab-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug interferes with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is used for the treatment of certain cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panitumumab
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydroflumethiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T08:49:37Z
pathway
PW:0002377
hydroflumethiazide drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydroflumethiazide, a drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/hydroflumethiazide
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydroflumethiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T08:51:01Z
pathway
PW:0002378
hydroflumethiazide pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydroflumethiazide. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/hydroflumethiazide
The pathway of hydroflumethiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T08:52:11Z
pathway
SMP:00108
PW:0002379
hydroflumethiazide pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of hydroflumethiazide-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug reduces sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/hydroflumethiazide
An autosomal dominant condition resulting from alterations in amino acid metabolism due to defects in the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) gene.
VPetri
2015-12-21T08:57:39Z
hawkinsinuria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00190
PW:0002380
hawkinsinuria pathway
An autosomal dominant condition resulting from alterations in amino acid metabolism due to defects in the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) gene.
OMIM:140350
Autosomal recessive neurodegenrative disorder resulting from alterations in lysosomal membrane transport due to defects in the SLC17A5 gene.
VPetri
2015-12-21T09:13:22Z
pathway
SMP:00240
Salla disease pathway
infantile sialic acid storage disease pathway
PW:0002381
sialic acid storage disease pathway
Autosomal recessive neurodegenrative disorder resulting from alterations in lysosomal membrane transport due to defects in the SLC17A5 gene.
MeSH:D029461
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dobutamine, a drug used in the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T09:41:20Z
pathway
PW:0002382
dobutamine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dobutamine, a drug used in the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobutamine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dobutamine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T09:41:51Z
pathway
PW:0002383
dobutamine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dobutamine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobutamine
The pathway of dobutamine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an agonist of beta 1 adrenergic receptor used in the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T09:42:11Z
pathway
SMP:00662
PW:0002384
dobutamine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of dobutamine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is an agonist of beta 1 adrenergic receptor used in the treatment of heart failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobutamine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of clomipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, major depressive disorder. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T10:00:09Z
pathway
PW:0002385
clomipramine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of clomipramine, an antidepressant used in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, major depressive disorder. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clomipramine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of clomipramine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T10:00:36Z
pathway
SMP:00639
PW:0002386
clomipramine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of clomipramine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clomipramine
The pathway of clomipramine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is categorized as a non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T10:01:06Z
pathway
PW:0002387
clomipramine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of clomipramine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is categorized as a non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clomipramine
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in fructose metabolism and associated with defects in the ketohexokinase (KHK) gene.
VPetri
2015-12-21T15:13:10Z
fructosuria disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00561
PW:0002388
fructosuria pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in fructose metabolism and associated with defects in the ketohexokinase (KHK) gene.
OMIM:229800
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of felbamate - an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T15:20:39Z
pathway
PW:0002389
felbamate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of felbamate - an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felbamate
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of felbamate. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T15:22:30Z
pathway
SMP:00633
PW:0002390
felbamate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of felbamate. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felbamate
The pathway of felbamate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is used for the treatment of severe epilepsy due to its adverse effects, particularly hepatic failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-21T15:22:53Z
pathway
PW:0002391
felbamate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of felbamate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is used for the treatment of severe epilepsy due to its adverse effects, particularly hepatic failure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felbamate
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tioguanine, a drug used to treat several leukemia types, ulcerative colitis and some autoimmune diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-29T12:59:05Z
pathway
thioguanine drug pathway
PW:0002392
tioguanine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tioguanine, a drug used to treat several leukemia types, ulcerative colitis and some autoimmune diseases. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tioguanine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tioguanine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-29T12:59:53Z
pathway
SMP:00647
thioguanine pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0002393
tioguanine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of tioguanine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tioguanine
The pathway of teniposide-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of several leukemia types, ulcerative colitis and some autoimmune diseases. Derivatives of tioguanine exert several cytotoxic effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2015-12-29T13:00:41Z
pathway
SMP:00430
thioguanine pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0002394
tioguanine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of teniposide-target interactions and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of several leukemia types, ulcerative colitis and some autoimmune diseases. Derivatives of tioguanine exert several cytotoxic effects. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tioguanine
The endocytosis and the exocytosis pathway that delivers, takes up and recycles cellular material. Efficient coupling between exocytosis and endocytosis pathways is essential for synaptic transmission.
VPetri
2016-01-06T10:48:59Z
pathway
PW:0002395
cellular trafficking cycle pathway
The endocytosis and the exocytosis pathway that delivers, takes up and recycles cellular material. Efficient coupling between exocytosis and endocytosis pathways is essential for synaptic transmission.
PMID:21304549
The exocytosis pathway whereby cellular material is delivered in the extracellular space outside the cell. There are two main types of exocytosis: calcium-triggered, regulated and constitutive. They are also represented in the more specific protein exocytosis pathway.
VPetri
2016-01-06T10:58:07Z
pathway
exocytosis
PW:0002396
exocytosis pathway
The exocytosis pathway whereby cellular material is delivered in the extracellular space outside the cell. There are two main types of exocytosis: calcium-triggered, regulated and constitutive. They are also represented in the more specific protein exocytosis pathway.
GO:0006887
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocytosis
A signal-independent exocytic pathway employed by all cell types.
VPetri
2016-01-06T11:17:50Z
pathway
constitutive secretory pathway
PW:0002397
constitutive exocytosis pathway
A signal-independent exocytic pathway employed by all cell types.
GO:0045054
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocytosis
A signal-dependent exocytic pathway employed by particular cell types. For instance, the release of hormones and neurotransmitters by neuroendocrine cells is mediated by regulated exocytosis.
VPetri
2016-01-06T11:19:37Z
pathway
regulated exocytosis
PW:0002398
regulated exocytosis pathway
A signal-dependent exocytic pathway employed by particular cell types. For instance, the release of hormones and neurotransmitters by neuroendocrine cells is mediated by regulated exocytosis.
GO:0045055
PMID:24062727
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocytosis
The endosomal system is at the crossroads of endocytosis and secretory pathways. As the endosome goes through the maturation process various trafficking events are initiated. Material internalized from the plasma membrane or synthesized is sorted along two routes: a degradative pathway to the lysosome or an export pathway. Cargo delivery to the plasma membrane is via the recycling export pathway while delivery to the trans Golgi network (TGN) is via the retrograde export pathway. An important system for selective cargo sorting is the retromer.
VPetri
2016-01-12T14:39:23Z
pathway
PW:0002399
endosomal sorting pathway
The endosomal system is at the crossroads of endocytosis and secretory pathways. As the endosome goes through the maturation process various trafficking events are initiated. Material internalized from the plasma membrane or synthesized is sorted along two routes: a degradative pathway to the lysosome or an export pathway. Cargo delivery to the plasma membrane is via the recycling export pathway while delivery to the trans Golgi network (TGN) is via the retrograde export pathway. An important system for selective cargo sorting is the retromer.
PMID:18726175
PMID:23148298
PMID:24492709
PMID:25619244
The lysosome is the final destination of endosomal degradative and autophagy pathways. Fusion of late endosomes and mature autophagosome with the lysosome form the endolysosome or autolysosome, respectively, where cargo is actively degraded.
VPetri
2016-01-12T15:06:00Z
pathway
PW:0002400
degradative endosome sorting pathway
The lysosome is the final destination of endosomal degradative and autophagy pathways. Fusion of late endosomes and mature autophagosome with the lysosome form the endolysosome or autolysosome, respectively, where cargo is actively degraded.
PMID:20034776
PMID:24492709
Chaperone-mediated autophagy is a specific and selective pathway whereby chaperone complexes recognize substrates bearing a recognition sequence forming a chaperone/substrate complex recognized by translocators.
VPetri
2016-01-12T15:11:02Z
pathway
PW:0002401
chaperone mediated autophagy pathway
Chaperone-mediated autophagy is a specific and selective pathway whereby chaperone complexes recognize substrates bearing a recognition sequence forming a chaperone/substrate complex recognized by translocators.
PMID:24281265
Cellular autophagy involves the mechanisms whereby dysfunctional components, proteins or organelles, are targeted to the lysosomes for destruction. Three main pathways are known: macroautophagy generally referred to as autophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. A fourth is the autophagy pathway for the removal of damaged mitochondria whose features are both shared with regular autophagy and distinct.
VPetri
2016-01-12T15:12:29Z
pathway
Autophagy
PW:0002402
cellular autophagy pathway
Cellular autophagy involves the mechanisms whereby dysfunctional components, proteins or organelles, are targeted to the lysosomes for destruction. Three main pathways are known: macroautophagy generally referred to as autophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. A fourth is the autophagy pathway for the removal of damaged mitochondria whose features are both shared with regular autophagy and distinct.
GO:0006914
Reactome:R-HSA-9612973
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy
A cellular autophagy pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered cellular autophagy has been associated with a range of human conditions and disorders.
VPetri
2016-01-12T15:16:34Z
pathway
PW:0002403
altered cellular autophagy
A cellular autophagy pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered cellular autophagy has been associated with a range of human conditions and disorders.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy
Chaperone mediated autophagy declines with aging and can also be due to alterations in protein stability and gene structure. Altered chaperone mediated autophagy has been associated with conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases.
VPetri
2016-01-12T15:27:10Z
pathway
PW:0002404
altered chaperone mediated autophagy
Chaperone mediated autophagy declines with aging and can also be due to alterations in protein stability and gene structure. Altered chaperone mediated autophagy has been associated with conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases.
PMID:24281265
A form of autophagy whereby the cytoplasmic material is directly engulfed in the lysosome.
VPetri
2016-01-12T15:33:22Z
pathway
PW:0002405
microautophagy pathway
A form of autophagy whereby the cytoplasmic material is directly engulfed in the lysosome.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy
The endosome export pathway delivers cargo to the trans Golgi network (TGN) or the plasma membrane via the retrograde and recycling pathways, respectively. An important cargo sorting system for the export pathway, primarily via the retrograde, but also the recycling pathways, is the retromer complex.
VPetri
2016-01-12T15:35:30Z
pathway
PW:0002406
endosome export pathway
The endosome export pathway delivers cargo to the trans Golgi network (TGN) or the plasma membrane via the retrograde and recycling pathways, respectively. An important cargo sorting system for the export pathway, primarily via the retrograde, but also the recycling pathways, is the retromer complex.
PMID:24492709
PMID:25619244
The retrograde export pathway is major route to recycle components of the secretory apparatus and to diverge from lysosomal degradation components derived from endocytosis.
VPetri
2016-01-12T15:39:19Z
pathway
PW:0002407
retrograde export pathway
The retrograde export pathway is major route to recycle components of the secretory apparatus and to diverge from lysosomal degradation components derived from endocytosis.
PMID:24492709
The recycling export pathway routes receptors and other proteins back to the plasma membrane.
VPetri
2016-01-12T15:40:13Z
pathway
PW:0002408
recycling export pathway
The recycling export pathway routes receptors and other proteins back to the plasma membrane.
PMID:24492709
Early to late endosome maturation pathway is a state of flux associated with changes in component composition, such as particular Rab proteins and lipids such as phosphoinositides, increase in the number of intraluminal vesicles, luminal acidification and movement along microtubules. Along this continuum, sorting and trafficking of cargo takes place.
VPetri
2016-01-13T09:48:16Z
pathway
PW:0002409
endosome maturation pathway
Early to late endosome maturation pathway is a state of flux associated with changes in component composition, such as particular Rab proteins and lipids such as phosphoinositides, increase in the number of intraluminal vesicles, luminal acidification and movement along microtubules. Along this continuum, sorting and trafficking of cargo takes place.
PMID:21878991
PMID:24709024
Any alteration in the proceedings of endocytosis or exocytosis.
VPetri
2016-01-13T10:40:41Z
pathway
PW:0002410
altered cellular trafficking cycle pathway
Any alteration in the proceedings of endocytosis or exocytosis.
PMID:21304549
Any alteration of an aspect pertinent to endocytosis pathway.
VPetri
2016-01-13T10:50:26Z
pathway
PW:0002411
altered endocytosis pathway
Any alteration of an aspect pertinent to endocytosis pathway.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocytosis
Alterations in the endosomal sorting pathway can dramatically impact on the proper delivery of cargo. Defects in retromer function have been linked to human conditions such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
VPetri
2016-01-13T10:58:00Z
pathway
PW:0002412
altered endosomal sorting pathway
Alterations in the endosomal sorting pathway can dramatically impact on the proper delivery of cargo. Defects in retromer function have been linked to human conditions such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
PMID:25619244
Alterations in the endosome export pathway can dramatically impact on cellular fate. Defects in retromer function have been linked to human conditions such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
VPetri
2016-01-13T11:54:19Z
pathway
PW:0002413
altered endosome export pathway
Alterations in the endosome export pathway can dramatically impact on cellular fate. Defects in retromer function have been linked to human conditions such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
PMID:25619244
PMID:25701813
In the endosomal pathway, endosomal maturation couples to sorting of material and its appropriate delivery or degradation, promoted by specific transport along and dynamics of cytoskeleton and associated molecular motors.
VPetri
2016-01-13T13:23:41Z
pathway
PW:0002414
endosomal pathway
In the endosomal pathway, endosomal maturation couples to sorting of material and its appropriate delivery or degradation, promoted by specific transport along and dynamics of cytoskeleton and associated molecular motors.
PMID:24709024
PMID:24727350
PMID:24769370
Any alteration of an aspect pertinent to endosomal pathway. Defects in endosomal sorting and export have been associated with human conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases.
VPetri
2016-01-13T13:44:31Z
pathway
PW:0002415
altered endosomal pathway
Any alteration of an aspect pertinent to endosomal pathway. Defects in endosomal sorting and export have been associated with human conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases.
PMID:25701813
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylserine, an essential component of the membrane, also with roles in signaling.
VPetri
2016-01-13T14:01:58Z
pathway
phosphatidylserine metabolic process
PW:0002416
phosphatidylserine metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylserine, an essential component of the membrane, also with roles in signaling.
GO:0006658
PMID:22960354
PMID:24747366
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). Phosphorylation of PtdIns can occur at the 3, 4, and/or 5 position of the inositol ring using one or multiple phosphate groups. These phosphorylated forms of PtdIns are known as phosphoinositides.
VPetri
2016-01-13T14:16:36Z
pathway
PI Metabolism
phosphatidylinositol metabolic process
PW:0002417
phosphatidylinositol metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). Phosphorylation of PtdIns can occur at the 3, 4, and/or 5 position of the inositol ring using one or multiple phosphate groups. These phosphorylated forms of PtdIns are known as phosphoinositides.
GO:0046488
Reactome:R-HSA-1483255
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol#Phosphoinositides
Reversible phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol at the 3, 4, and/or 5 position of the inositol ring with one or more phosphate groups by the action of phosphatidylinositol kinases and phosphatases gives rise to several different phosphoinositides (PIs) whose various distribution is important to cellular membrane identity. PIs are involved in various transport and trafficking, signaling and metabolic pathways. As such, alteration of PIs metabolism is implicated in a wide range of human diseases.
VPetri
2016-01-13T15:02:52Z
pathway
SMP:00463
phosphatidylinositol phosphate metabolic pathway
PW:0002418
phosphoinositide metabolic pathway
Reversible phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol at the 3, 4, and/or 5 position of the inositol ring with one or more phosphate groups by the action of phosphatidylinositol kinases and phosphatases gives rise to several different phosphoinositides (PIs) whose various distribution is important to cellular membrane identity. PIs are involved in various transport and trafficking, signaling and metabolic pathways. As such, alteration of PIs metabolism is implicated in a wide range of human diseases.
PMID:23899561
VPetri
2016-01-13T15:23:01Z
pathway
PW:0002419
altered glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway
VPetri
2016-01-13T15:24:14Z
pathway
PW:0002420
altered phosphatidylinositol metabolic pathway
Phosphoinositides are involved in a wide range of biological processes and alterations in their metabolism have been associated with a spectrum of human conditions.
VPetri
2016-01-13T15:25:28Z
pathway
PW:0002421
altered phosphoinositide metabolic pathway
Phosphoinositides are involved in a wide range of biological processes and alterations in their metabolism have been associated with a spectrum of human conditions.
PMID:23899561
PMID:25510381
Chemical synapses require the induction and assembly of pre- and postsynaptic structures.
VPetri
2016-01-14T11:04:55Z
pathway
PW:0002422
synaptic differentiation pathway
Chemical synapses require the induction and assembly of pre- and postsynaptic structures.
PMID:15194107
The cycle of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and neurotransmitter release and the subsequent endocytosis and recycling of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals.
VPetri
2016-01-14T11:34:57Z
PW:0001072
pathway
Neurotransmitter release cycle
synaptic vesicle cycle
PW:0002423
synaptic vesicle cycle pathway
The cycle of synaptic vesicle exocytosis and neurotransmitter release and the subsequent endocytosis and recycling of synaptic vesicles at nerve terminals.
GO:0099504
KEGG:04721
PMID:15217342
PMID:25339369
Reactome:R-HSA-112310
The endocytosis of synaptic vesicles, their recycling and refilling for another round of exocytosis. Two recycling pathways are documented: a fast endocytosis, also referred to as 'kiss-and-run' which is thought to be clathrin-independent, and a slower route, that is clathrin-dependent.
VPetri
2016-01-14T11:48:34Z
pathway
synaptic vesicle endocytosis
PW:0002424
synaptic vesicle endocytosis pathway
The endocytosis of synaptic vesicles, their recycling and refilling for another round of exocytosis. Two recycling pathways are documented: a fast endocytosis, also referred to as 'kiss-and-run' which is thought to be clathrin-independent, and a slower route, that is clathrin-dependent.
GO:0048488
PMID:15217342
PMID:22763746
PMID:25339369
The release pathway of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles.
VPetri
2016-01-14T11:49:08Z
pathway
synaptic vesicle exocytosis
PW:0002425
synaptic vesicle exocytosis pathway
The release pathway of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles.
GO:0016079
PMID:15217342
PMID:25339369
Any alteration in the proceedings regulatory pathways important for brain function.
VPetri
2016-01-14T12:04:55Z
pathway
PW:0002426
altered regulatory pathway pertinent to the brain
Alterations in any of the various aspects pertinent to the release, endocytosis or trafficking/recycling of synaptic vesicles.
VPetri
2016-01-14T12:05:43Z
pathway
PW:0002427
altered synaptic vesicle cycle pathway
Alterations in any of the various aspects pertinent to the release, endocytosis or trafficking/recycling of synaptic vesicles.
PMID:22763746
Alterations in any of the mechanisms underlying the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles.
VPetri
2016-01-14T12:07:00Z
pathway
PW:0002428
altered synaptic vesicle endocytosis pathway
Alterations in any of the mechanisms underlying the endocytosis of synaptic vesicles.
PMID:22763746
Prior to exocytosis and following endocytosis, synaptic vesicles go through several trafficking steps that prepare them for neurotransmitter release.
VPetri
2016-01-14T12:43:27Z
pathway
synaptic vesicle transport
PW:0002429
synaptic vesicle trafficking pathway
Prior to exocytosis and following endocytosis, synaptic vesicles go through several trafficking steps that prepare them for neurotransmitter release.
GO:0048489
PMID:25339369
The retromer complex is an important system for the selective cargo sorting for the endosome export pathways, primarily via the retrograde, but also the recycling pathway.
VPetri
2016-01-14T14:45:23Z
pathway
PW:0002430
retromer-mediated pathway
The retromer complex is an important system for the selective cargo sorting for the endosome export pathways, primarily via the retrograde, but also the recycling pathway.
PMID:24492709
PMID:25619244
Alterations in retromer-mediated pathway can affect both the sorting and the export pathways subsequent to sorting. Defects in retromer function have been linked to human conditions such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
VPetri
2016-01-14T14:56:54Z
pathway
PW:0002431
altered retromer-mediated pathway
Alterations in retromer-mediated pathway can affect both the sorting and the export pathways subsequent to sorting. Defects in retromer function have been linked to human conditions such as the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
PMID:25619244
Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is a major route for synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
VPetri
2016-01-15T08:37:57Z
pathway
PW:0002432
clathrin-dependent synaptic vesicle endocytosis
Clathrin-dependent endocytosis is a major route for synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
GO:0150007
PMID:22763746
Alterations in any of the mechanisms underlying the clathrin-dependent endocytosis of synaptic vesicles.
VPetri
2016-01-15T08:41:20Z
pathway
PW:0002433
altered clathrin-dependent synaptic vesicle endocytosis
Alterations in any of the mechanisms underlying the clathrin-dependent endocytosis of synaptic vesicles.
PMID:22763746
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots. They are further classified depending on the blood clotting processes they affect. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-25T14:43:05Z
pathway
PW:0002434
other antithrombotic drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots. They are further classified depending on the blood clotting processes they affect. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_B01#B01AX_Other_antithrombotic_agents
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombotic
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide factor Xa inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-25T14:48:41Z
pathway
PW:0002435
fondaparinux drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide factor Xa inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondaparinux
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fondaparinux. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-25T14:50:39Z
pathway
PW:0002436
fondaparinux pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of fondaparinux. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondaparinux
The pathway of fondaparinux-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide factor Xa inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-25T14:51:01Z
pathway
SMP:00273
PW:0002437
fondaparinux pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of fondaparinux-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide factor Xa inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondaparinux
Congenital structural deformities caused by alterations in a number of pathways.
VPetri
2016-01-25T15:15:01Z
congenital limb deformities disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002438
congenital limb deformities pathway
Congenital structural deformities caused by alterations in a number of pathways.
MeSH:D017880
An X-linked dominant disorder with a range of phenotypes and reduced activities of several enzymes in a number of metabolic pathways.
VPetri
2016-01-25T15:18:57Z
congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects disease pathway
pathway
CHILD syndrome pathway
SMP:00387
PW:0002439
congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects pathway
An X-linked dominant disorder with a range of phenotypes and reduced activities of several enzymes in a number of metabolic pathways.
OMIM:308050
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levobupivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine compared to which, it has a longer duration of action and is associated with less vasodilation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-25T15:24:47Z
pathway
PW:0002440
levobupivacaine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levobupivacaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine compared to which, it has a longer duration of action and is associated with less vasodilation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levobupivacaine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levobupivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-25T15:25:19Z
pathway
PW:0002441
levobupivacaine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levobupivacaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levobupivacaine
The pathway of levobupivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine compared to which, it has a longer duration of action and is associated with less vasodilation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-25T15:25:52Z
pathway
SMP:00397
PW:0002442
levobupivacaine phgarmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of levobupivacaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine compared to which, it has a longer duration of action and is associated with less vasodilation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levobupivacaine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to alleviate pain and which act on the nervous system in a way similar to opiate. They can be natural opiates, like morphine or codeine, endogenous opioid peptide, like endorphins, semi- or fully synthetic opioids, or drugs that chemically are not of the opioid class but act as agonists of opioid receptors. Others can act as antagonists or mixed agonists/antagonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T09:21:13Z
pathway
PW:0002443
opioid drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to alleviate pain and which act on the nervous system in a way similar to opiate. They can be natural opiates, like morphine or codeine, endogenous opioid peptide, like endorphins, semi- or fully synthetic opioids, or drugs that chemically are not of the opioid class but act as agonists of opioid receptors. Others can act as antagonists or mixed agonists/antagonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxycodone, a semi-synthetic opioid and a narcotic analgesic indicated for relief of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T09:38:47Z
pathway
PW:0002444
oxycodone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxycodone, a semi-synthetic opioid and a narcotic analgesic indicated for relief of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycodone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxycodone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T09:39:26Z
pathway
PW:0002445
oxycodone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxycodone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycodone
The pathway of oxycodone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is thought to act on different opioid receptors in different situations. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T09:39:50Z
pathway
SMP:00409
PW:0002446
oxycodone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of oxycodone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It is thought to act on different opioid receptors in different situations. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxycodone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydromorphone, a derivative of the morphine family and a potent analgesic opioid drug and a narcotic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T09:49:25Z
pathway
PW:0002447
hydromorphone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydromorphone, a derivative of the morphine family and a potent analgesic opioid drug and a narcotic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydromorphone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydromorphone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T09:49:55Z
pathway
PW:0002448
hydromorphone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydromorphone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydromorphone
The pathway of hydromorphone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a mu-receptor agonist whose major effects are on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T09:50:17Z
pathway
SMP:00410
PW:0002449
hydromorphone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of hydromorphone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a mu-receptor agonist whose major effects are on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydromorphone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydrocodone, a narcotic analgesic synthesized from codeine and used for relief of moderate to severe pain. It is also used as an antitussive to treat cough. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T10:01:04Z
pathway
PW:0002450
hydrocodone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of hydrocodone, a narcotic analgesic synthesized from codeine and used for relief of moderate to severe pain. It is also used as an antitussive to treat cough. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocodone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydrocodone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T10:01:36Z
pathway
PW:0002451
hydrocodone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of hydrocodone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocodone
The pathway of hydrocodone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It primarily acts on the mu-opioid receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T10:02:08Z
pathway
SMP:00411
PW:0002452
hydrocodone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of hydrocodone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It primarily acts on the mu-opioid receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocodone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxymorphone, a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T10:08:10Z
pathway
PW:0002453
oxymorphone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxymorphone, a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymorphone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxymorphone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T10:08:39Z
pathway
PW:0002454
oxymorphone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxymorphone. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymorphone
The pathway of oxymorphone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It acts on the mu-opioid receptor and to a lesser extent, the delta receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-26T10:09:04Z
pathway
SMP:00412
PW:0002455
oxymorphone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of oxymorphone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. It acts on the mu-opioid receptor and to a lesser extent, the delta receptor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymorphone
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of salicylic acid derived from salicin, an anti-inflammatory agent produced in willow bark. It is best known for its use in anti-acne products. As a drug, it is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Its salts and esters are known as salicylates. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-27T10:17:10Z
pathway
PW:0002456
salicylic acid drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of salicylic acid derived from salicin, an anti-inflammatory agent produced in willow bark. It is best known for its use in anti-acne products. As a drug, it is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Its salts and esters are known as salicylates. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of salicylic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-27T10:18:52Z
pathway
PW:0002457
salicylic acid pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of salicylic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylic_acid
The pathway of salicylic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Salicylic acid is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-27T10:19:29Z
pathway
SMP:00709
PW:0002458
salicylic acid pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of salicylic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Salicylic acid is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation and to reduce fever. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylic_acid
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions related to skin, hair and nails. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-27T10:35:16Z
pathway
PW:0002459
dermatological drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used for the treatment of conditions related to skin, hair and nails. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatology
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sodium salicylate, a sodium salt of salicylic acid, used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-27T10:45:07Z
pathway
PW:0002460
sodium salicylate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of sodium salicylate, a sodium salt of salicylic acid, used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_salicylate
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sodium salicylate. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-27T10:45:51Z
pathway
PW:0002461
sodium salicylate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of sodium salicylate. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_salicylate
The pathway of salicylic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sodium salicylate is used as an analgesic and antipyretic. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-27T10:46:29Z
pathway
SMP:00708
PW:0002462
sodium salicylate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of salicylic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Sodium salicylate is used as an analgesic and antipyretic. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_salicylate
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of carbamazepine, a drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-29T08:38:19Z
pathway
PW:0002463
carbamazepine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of carbamazepine, a drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamazepine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of carbamazepine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-29T08:40:30Z
pathway
SMP:00634
PW:0002464
carbamazepine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of carbamazepine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamazepine
The pathway of carbamazepine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Carbamazepine is used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. The drug stabilizes the inactivated state of voltage-gated sodium channels and can also act as a GABA receptor agonist. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-29T08:41:33Z
pathway
PW:0002465
carbamazepine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of carbamazepine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Carbamazepine is used in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. The drug stabilizes the inactivated state of voltage-gated sodium channels and can also act as a GABA receptor agonist. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamazepine
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in steroid metabolism due to defects in HSD11B2 gene.
VPetri
2016-01-29T09:12:36Z
pathway
SMP:00717
PW:0002466
apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in steroid metabolism due to defects in HSD11B2 gene.
OMIM:218030
A hereditary, usually autosomal dominant condition, resulting from alterations in glucose transport, affecting the nervous system and exhibiting a wide phenotypic variability.
VPetri
2016-01-29T09:19:23Z
pathway
SMP:00580
PW:0002467
Glut1 deficiency syndrome pathway
A hereditary, usually autosomal dominant condition, resulting from alterations in glucose transport, affecting the nervous system and exhibiting a wide phenotypic variability.
OMIM:606777
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of felodipine, a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-29T09:37:07Z
pathway
PW:0002468
felodipine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of felodipine, a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felodipine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of felodipine. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-29T09:37:50Z
pathway
SMP:00619
PW:0002469
felodipine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of felodipine. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felodipine
The pathway of felodipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-01-29T09:38:42Z
pathway
PW:0002470
felodipine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of felodipine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of high blood pressure. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felodipine
A condition resulting from alterations in the methionine cycle/metabolism.
VPetri
2016-02-02T11:18:05Z
hypermethioninemia disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00341
PW:0002471
hypermethioninemia pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to treat various forms of depression.
VPetri
2016-02-02T11:56:12Z
pathway
PW:0002472
other antidepressant drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of compounds used to treat various forms of depression.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_N06#N06AX_Other_antidepressants
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of venlafaxine, a drug used in the treatment of major depressive, anxiety and panic disorders. The drug inhibits the reuptake of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, epinephrine and dopamine. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-02T11:58:15Z
pathway
PW:0002473
venlafaxine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of venlafaxine, a drug used in the treatment of major depressive, anxiety and panic disorders. The drug inhibits the reuptake of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, epinephrine and dopamine. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venlafaxine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of venlafaxine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-02T11:58:44Z
pathway
SMP:00636
PW:0002474
venlafaxine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of venlafaxine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venlafaxine
The pathway of venlafaxiine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug inhibits the reuptake of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, epinephrine and dopamine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-02T11:59:11Z
pathway
PW:0002475
venlafaxine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of venlafaxiine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug inhibits the reuptake of key neurotransmitters such as serotonin, epinephrine and dopamine. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venlafaxine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of rosiglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug. In several countries the drug was withdrawn from the market due to its side effects.
VPetri
2016-02-02T12:09:15Z
pathway
PW:0002476
rosiglitazone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of rosiglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug. In several countries the drug was withdrawn from the market due to its side effects.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosiglitazone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of rosiglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug. In several countries the drug was withdrawn from the market due to its side effects.
VPetri
2016-02-02T12:10:48Z
pathway
SMP:00653
PW:0002477
rosiglitazone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of rosiglitazone, an anti-diabetic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug. In several countries the drug was withdrawn from the market due to its side effects.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosiglitazone
The pathway of rosiglitazone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug. In several countries rosiglitazone was withdrawn from the market due to its side effects.
VPetri
2016-02-02T12:11:39Z
pathway
PW:0002478
rosiglitazone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of rosiglitazone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug. In several countries rosiglitazone was withdrawn from the market due to its side effects.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosiglitazone
The various conditions affecting any part of the biliary tract including the bile ducts, resulting from alterations in one or several pathways.
VPetri
2016-02-03T15:17:33Z
pathway
PW:0002479
biliary tract disease pathway
The various conditions affecting any part of the biliary tract including the bile ducts, resulting from alterations in one or several pathways.
MeSH:D001660
A condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum which can be mechanical in nature as in blockage of the duct system or metabolic, resulting from alterations in bile formation due to genetic or environmental factors.
VPetri
2016-02-03T15:22:30Z
pathway
PW:0002480
cholestasis pathway
A condition where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum which can be mechanical in nature as in blockage of the duct system or metabolic, resulting from alterations in bile formation due to genetic or environmental factors.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestasis
Autosomal recessive disorders resulting from alterations in bile acid synthesis due to defects in one or several enzymes. Type 1 is due to mutations in the HSD3B7 gene, type 2 is due to mutations in the AKR1D1 gene, type 3 is due to mutations in the CYP7B1 gene.
VPetri
2016-02-03T15:27:23Z
pathway
SMP:00314
SMP:00318
PW:0002481
congenital bile acid synthesis defect pathway
Autosomal recessive disorders resulting from alterations in bile acid synthesis due to defects in one or several enzymes. Type 1 is due to mutations in the HSD3B7 gene, type 2 is due to mutations in the AKR1D1 gene, type 3 is due to mutations in the CYP7B1 gene.
OMIM:235555
OMIM:607765
OMIM:613812
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of chloroprocaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-04T14:08:03Z
pathway
PW:0002482
chloroprocaine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of chloroprocaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroprocaine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of chloroprocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-04T14:08:34Z
pathway
PW:0002483
chloroprocaine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of chloroprocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroprocaine
The pathway of chloroprocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-04T14:09:11Z
pathway
SMP:00394
PW:0002484
chloroprocaine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of chloroprocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroprocaine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prednisolone - a synthetic glucocorticoid used to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and also allergic reactions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-04T14:20:48Z
pathway
PW:0002485
prednisolone drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prednisolone - a synthetic glucocorticoid used to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and also allergic reactions. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednisolone
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-04T14:21:17Z
pathway
SMP:00632
PW:0002486
prednisolone pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of prednisolone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednisolone
The pathway of prednisolone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. used to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and also allergic reactions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-04T14:21:42Z
pathway
SMP:00441
PW:0002487
prednisolone pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of prednisolone-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. used to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and also allergic reactions. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prednisolone
true
Melatonin, in human and other organisms derived from tryptophan, is a monoamine with antioxidant properties and involved in the synchronization of the circadian rhythms. Melatonin signals through three receptors types of which two are present in humans and other mammals. They are G protein coupled receptors (GPCR).
VPetri
2016-02-05T12:33:57Z
pathway
PW:0002489
melatonin signaling pathway
Melatonin, in human and other organisms derived from tryptophan, is a monoamine with antioxidant properties and involved in the synchronization of the circadian rhythms. Melatonin signals through three receptors types of which two are present in humans and other mammals. They are G protein coupled receptors (GPCR).
PMID:17198536
PMID:17298593
PMID:18766165
Glycine signaling is primarily inhibitory. The glycine receptor is ligand-gated ion channel that exerts its effects via chloride currents.
VPetri
2016-02-05T13:27:11Z
pathway
PW:0002490
glycine signaling pathway
Glycine signaling is primarily inhibitory. The glycine receptor is ligand-gated ion channel that exerts its effects via chloride currents.
PMID:20438799
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alteration in leukotriene C4 synthesis due to defects in the LTC4 synthase gene.
VPetri
2016-02-09T11:43:14Z
LTC4 synthase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00353
PW:0002491
leukotriene C4 synthase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alteration in leukotriene C4 synthesis due to defects in the LTC4 synthase gene.
OMIM:614037
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of phenindione. The drug is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-09T11:48:44Z
pathway
PW:0002492
phenindione drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of phenindione. The drug is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenindione
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of phenindione. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-09T11:49:26Z
pathway
PW:0002493
phenindione pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of phenindione. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenindione
The pathway of phenindione-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Phenindione is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-09T11:49:53Z
pathway
SMP:00655
PW:0002494
phenindione pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of phenindione-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Phenindione is used as anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenindione
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dicoumarol. Dicoumarol is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-09T11:55:13Z
pathway
dicumarol drug pathway
PW:0002495
dicoumarol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dicoumarol. Dicoumarol is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicoumarol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dicoumarol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-09T11:55:49Z
pathway
dicumarol pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0002496
dicoumarol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dicoumarol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicoumarol
The pathway of dicoumarol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Dicoumarol is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-09T11:56:13Z
pathway
SMP:00270
SMP:00656
dicumarol pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0002497
dicoumarol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of dicoumarol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Dicoumarol is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that antagonizes the vitamin K dependent clotting pathway. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicoumarol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors agonists. The drugs can be either selective or non-selective. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-10T10:19:22Z
PW:0001736
pathway
PW:0002498
adrenergic beta receptor agonist drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of adrenergic beta receptors agonists. The drugs can be either selective or non-selective. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-adrenergic_agonist
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of selective adrenergic beta receptors agonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-10T10:22:29Z
pathway
PW:0002499
adrenergic beta receptor selective agonist drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of selective adrenergic beta receptors agonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-adrenergic_agonist
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of non-selective adrenergic beta receptors agonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-10T10:23:09Z
pathway
PW:0002500
adrenergic beta receptor non-selective agonist drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of non-selective adrenergic beta receptors agonists. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-adrenergic_agonist
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of isoprenaline, a non-selective beta adrenergic agonist used for the treatment of heart block and slow heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-10T10:36:44Z
pathway
PW:0002501
isoprenaline drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of isoprenaline, a non-selective beta adrenergic agonist used for the treatment of heart block and slow heart rate. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenaline
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of isoprenaline. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-10T10:39:36Z
pathway
PW:0002502
isoprenaline pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of isoprenaline. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenaline
The pathway of isoprenaline-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective beta adrenergic agonist used for the treatment of heart block and slow heart rate. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-10T10:40:01Z
pathway
SMP:00663
PW:0002503
isoprenaline pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of isoprenaline-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a non-selective beta adrenergic agonist used for the treatment of heart block and slow heart rate. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenaline
Those conditions resulting from alterations in one or several pathways and affecting the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are the site of synthesis for a variety of hormones.
VPetri
2016-02-10T10:56:23Z
pathway
PW:0002504
adrenal gland disease pathway
Those conditions resulting from alterations in one or several pathways and affecting the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are the site of synthesis for a variety of hormones.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland
An X-linked disorder resulting from disturbances in the metabolism of very long chain fatty acids due to defects in the ABCD1 gene.
VPetri
2016-02-10T10:59:15Z
pathway
SMP:00516
PW:0002505
adrenoleukodystrophy pathway
An X-linked disorder resulting from disturbances in the metabolism of very long chain fatty acids due to defects in the ABCD1 gene.
MeSH:D000326
A rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from alteration in long-fatty acid oxidation and due to defects in the SLC25A20 gene.
VPetri
2016-02-12T08:39:07Z
pathway
SMP:00517
PW:0002506
carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency
A rare autosomal recessive condition resulting from alteration in long-fatty acid oxidation and due to defects in the SLC25A20 gene.
OMIM:212138
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid - an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-12T08:51:42Z
pathway
PW:0002507
mycophenolic acid drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid - an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycophenolic_acid
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mycophenolic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-12T08:52:36Z
pathway
SMP:00652
PW:0002508
mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of mycophenolic acid. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycophenolic_acid
The pathway of mycophenolic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Mycophenolic acid is used as an immunosuppressant to prevent organ rejection in transplantation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-12T08:53:23Z
pathway
PW:0002509
mycophenolic acid pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of mycophenolic acid-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Mycophenolic acid is used as an immunosuppressant to prevent organ rejection in transplantation. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycophenolic_acid
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of catecholamines. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are among the most abundant.
VPetri
2016-02-16T11:08:22Z
pathway
catecholamine catabolic process
PW:0002510
catecholamine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of catecholamines. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are among the most abundant.
GO:0042424
PMID:19342614
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of dopamine. Dopamine degradation can be initiated by two enzymes. Dopamine can spontaneously oxidize and in the process, radicals are being produced. Storage of newly synthesized dopamine or degradation of excess cytosolic dopamine prevents oxidation of dopamine.
VPetri
2016-02-16T11:10:38Z
pathway
dopamine catabolic process
PW:0002511
dopamine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of dopamine. Dopamine degradation can be initiated by two enzymes. Dopamine can spontaneously oxidize and in the process, radicals are being produced. Storage of newly synthesized dopamine or degradation of excess cytosolic dopamine prevents oxidation of dopamine.
GO:0042420
PMID:24548101
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of epinephrine.
VPetri
2016-02-16T11:10:56Z
pathway
epinephrine degradation pathway
PW:0002512
epinephrine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of epinephrine.
GO:0038003
PMID:19342614
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of norepinephrine.
VPetri
2016-02-16T11:11:13Z
pathway
norepinephrine catabolic process
PW:0002513
norepinephrine degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of norepinephrine.
GO:0042422
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepinephrine#Degradation
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tiaprofenic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, especially arthritic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-16T12:29:58Z
pathway
PW:0002514
tiaprofenic acid drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of tiaprofenic acid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, especially arthritic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiaprofenic_acid
VPetri
2016-02-16T12:32:55Z
pathway
PW:0002515
tiaprofenic acid pharmacokinetics pathway
VPetri
2016-02-16T12:34:04Z
pathway
SMP:00705
PW:0002516
tiaprofenic acid pharmacodynamics pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4) and then triiodothyronine (T3). T3 is the active thyroid hormone that stimulates cellular metabolism.
VPetri
2016-02-19T09:00:47Z
pathway
TSH biosynthetic pathway
thyrotropin biosynthetic pathway
PW:0002517
thyroid-stimulating hormone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4) and then triiodothyronine (T3). T3 is the active thyroid hormone that stimulates cellular metabolism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid-stimulating_hormone
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH is a tripeptidal hormone produced in the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary.
VPetri
2016-02-19T09:00:54Z
pathway
TRH biosynthetic pathway
thyroliberin biosynthetic pathway
thyrotropin-releasing factor biosynthetic pathway
PW:0002518
thyrotropin-releasing hormone biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH is a tripeptidal hormone produced in the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone
Somatostatin, known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, is a peptide hormone that regulates cell proliferation, neurotransmission and the endocrine system.
VPetri
2016-02-19T09:22:05Z
pathway
PW:0002519
somatostatin biosynthetic pathway
Somatostatin, known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, is a peptide hormone that regulates cell proliferation, neurotransmission and the endocrine system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatin
Thyroglobulin, produced by the follicular cells of thyroid gland is used to produce the thyroid hormones via a number of steps. Thyroglobulin contains some 100-120 tyrosine residues, of which only a small fraction is used to produce thyroid hormones. Usually there are 5 to 6 molecules of either thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) derived from each molecule of thyroglobulin.
VPetri
2016-02-19T09:39:47Z
pathway
PW:0002520
thyroglobulin processing pathway
Thyroglobulin, produced by the follicular cells of thyroid gland is used to produce the thyroid hormones via a number of steps. Thyroglobulin contains some 100-120 tyrosine residues, of which only a small fraction is used to produce thyroid hormones. Usually there are 5 to 6 molecules of either thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) derived from each molecule of thyroglobulin.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroglobulin
The major thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) or tetraidothyronine and triiodothyronine (T3) are the major thyroid hormones produced via processing of thyroglobulin precursor. T3 is the active hormone and is derived from T4 by the action of deiodinases.
VPetri
2016-02-19T09:46:16Z
pathway
SMP:00716
PW:0002521
thyroid hormone biosynthetic pathway
The major thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) or tetraidothyronine and triiodothyronine (T3) are the major thyroid hormones produced via processing of thyroglobulin precursor. T3 is the active hormone and is derived from T4 by the action of deiodinases.
PMID:21913492
PMID:24251883
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of arthritis and dental pain and also as a pre-operative solution. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-22T15:27:36Z
pathway
PW:0002522
flurbiprofen drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of arthritis and dental pain and also as a pre-operative solution. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flurbiprofen
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of flurbiprofen. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-22T15:30:18Z
pathway
PW:0002523
flurbiprofen pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of flurbiprofen. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flurbiprofen
The pathway of flurbiprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of arthritis and dental pain and also as a pre-operative solution. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-22T15:30:45Z
pathway
SMP:00697
PW:0002524
flurbiprofen pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of flurbiprofen-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is used in the treatment of arthritis and dental pain and also as a pre-operative solution. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flurbiprofen
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ethylmorphine, an opiate narcotic analgesic mostly used to treat dry cough and as an ophtalmologic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-22T15:38:55Z
pathway
PW:0002525
ethylmorphine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of ethylmorphine, an opiate narcotic analgesic mostly used to treat dry cough and as an ophtalmologic agent. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylmorphine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ethylmorphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-22T15:43:57Z
pathway
PW:0002526
ethylmorphine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of ethylmorphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylmorphine
The pathway of ethylmorphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-22T15:44:28Z
pathway
SMP:00681
PW:0002527
ethylmorphine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of ethylmorphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylmorphine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of magnesium salicylate, used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-23T15:51:27Z
pathway
PW:0002528
magnesium salicylate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of magnesium salicylate, used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_salicylate
VPetri
2016-02-23T15:55:32Z
pathway
PW:0002529
magnesium salicylate pharmacokinetics pathway
VPetri
2016-02-23T15:56:08Z
pathway
SMP:00698
PW:0002530
magnesium salicylate pharmacodynamics pathway
Inherited conditions characterized by a loss of myelin in the central nervous system.
VPetri
2016-02-24T09:57:15Z
pathway
PW:0002531
hereditary central nervous system demyelinating disease pathway
Inherited conditions characterized by a loss of myelin in the central nervous system.
MeSH:D020279
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in cerebroside metabolism due to defects in the cerebroside sulfatase enzyme.
VPetri
2016-02-24T09:59:33Z
Scholz cerebral sclerosis pathway
arylsulfatase A deficiency pathway
deficiency of cerebroside-sulfatase pathway
metachromatic leukodystrophy disease pathway
sulfatide lipoidosis pathway
pathway
MLD pathway
SMP:00347
PW:0002532
metachromatic leukodystrophy pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in cerebroside metabolism due to defects in the cerebroside sulfatase enzyme.
MeSH:D007966
OMIM:25010
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cocaine, a drug of few medical uses, mostly as a local anesthetic during surgery. Cocaine is highly addictive due to its effects on the reward system in the brain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-24T10:09:11Z
pathway
PW:0002533
cocaine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of cocaine, a drug of few medical uses, mostly as a local anesthetic during surgery. Cocaine is highly addictive due to its effects on the reward system in the brain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cocaine, a drug of limited medical uses. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-24T10:10:10Z
pathway
PW:0002534
cocaine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of cocaine, a drug of limited medical uses. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine
The pathway of cocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Cocaine has few medical uses, mostly as local anesthetic during surgery. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-24T10:10:35Z
pathway
SMP:00395
PW:0002535
cocaine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of cocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Cocaine has few medical uses, mostly as local anesthetic during surgery. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lidocaine, an important class 1b antiarrhythmic drug also used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-24T10:24:47Z
pathway
PW:0002536
lidocaine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of lidocaine, an important class 1b antiarrhythmic drug also used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidocaine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lidocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-24T10:26:31Z
pathway
SMP:00620
PW:0002537
lidocaine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of lidocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidocaine
The pathway of lidocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Lidocaine is an important class 1b antiarrhythmic drug also used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-24T10:26:58Z
pathway
SMP:00328
SMP:00398
PW:0002538
lidocaine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of lidocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Lidocaine is an important class 1b antiarrhythmic drug also used as a local anesthetic. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidocaine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxybuprocaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic, particularly in ophtalmology and otolaryngology. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-25T08:41:40Z
pathway
PW:0002539
oxybuprocaine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of oxybuprocaine, a drug used as a local anesthetic, particularly in ophtalmology and otolaryngology. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxybuprocaine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxybuprocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-25T08:42:31Z
pathway
PW:0002540
oxybuprocaine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of oxybuprocaine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxybuprocaine
The pathway of oxybuprocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-25T08:43:00Z
pathway
SMP:00400
PW:0002541
oxybuprocaine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of oxybuprocaine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxybuprocaine
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dihydromorphine, a semi-synthetic opioid used for the management of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-25T08:55:34Z
pathway
PW:0002542
dihydromorphine drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dihydromorphine, a semi-synthetic opioid used for the management of moderate to severe pain. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydromorphine
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dihydrolmorphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-25T08:56:15Z
pathway
PW:0002543
dihydromorphine pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dihydrolmorphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydromorphine
The pathway of dihydromorphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-02-25T08:56:41Z
pathway
SMP:00689
PW:0002544
dihydromorphine pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of dihydromorphine-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydromorphine
A disturbance that leads to changes in the body's normal balance of acids and bases resulting in deviation from the normal pH range. The imbalance is due to changes in renal or ventilation function. The changes can lead to an excess of acid, acidosis or acidaemia, or to an excess of vases, alkalosis or alkalemia.
VPetri
2016-02-26T09:11:42Z
pathway
PW:0002545
acid-base imbalance pathway
A disturbance that leads to changes in the body's normal balance of acids and bases resulting in deviation from the normal pH range. The imbalance is due to changes in renal or ventilation function. The changes can lead to an excess of acid, acidosis or acidaemia, or to an excess of vases, alkalosis or alkalemia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%E2%80%93base_imbalance
Those metabolic changes resulting in an excess of acids in the system causing a decrease in the normal pH range.
VPetri
2016-02-26T09:28:29Z
pathway
PW:0002546
acidosis pathway
Those metabolic changes resulting in an excess of acids in the system causing a decrease in the normal pH range.
MeSH:D000138
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%E2%80%93base_imbalance
Those metabolic changes resulting in an excess of bases in the system causing an increase in the normal pH range.
VPetri
2016-02-26T09:28:55Z
pathway
PW:0002547
alkalosis pathway
Those metabolic changes resulting in an excess of bases in the system causing an increase in the normal pH range.
MeSH:D000471
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%E2%80%93base_imbalance
An acidosis caused by alteration in lactic acid metabolism.
VPetri
2016-02-26T09:33:07Z
pathway
SMP:00313
PW:0002548
lactic acidosis pathway
An acidosis caused by alteration in lactic acid metabolism.
MeSH:D000140
An acidosis caused by alteration in the ketone bodies metabolic pathway due to defects in the 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 enzyme.
VPetri
2016-02-26T09:35:50Z
SCOT deficiency pathway
ketoacidosis due to SCOT deficiency pathway
succinyl-CoA:acetoacetate transferase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00569
succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase deficiency pathway
PW:0002549
succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid transferase deficiency pathway
An acidosis caused by alteration in the ketone bodies metabolic pathway due to defects in the 3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1 enzyme.
OMIM:245050
A rare acidosis resulting from defects in malonyl-CoA decarboxylase enzyme.
VPetri
2016-02-26T09:45:10Z
pathway
SMP:00502
malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency pathway
PW:0002550
malonic aciduria pathway
true
A rare acidosis resulting from defects in malonyl-CoA decarboxylase enzyme.
OMIM:248360
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levacetylmethadol, a synthetic opioid, similar in structure to methadone, used for the treatment and management of opioid dependence. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-03-02T08:31:34Z
pathway
<new synonym>
levomethadyl acetate drug pathway
PW:0002551
levacetylmethadol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levacetylmethadol, a synthetic opioid, similar in structure to methadone, used for the treatment and management of opioid dependence. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levacetylmethadol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levacetylmethadol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-03-02T08:33:17Z
pathway
levomethadyl acetate pharmacokinetics pathway
PW:0002552
levacetylmethadol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levacetylmethadol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levacetylmethadol
The pathway of levacetylmethadol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug acts as a mu-receptor agonist. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-03-02T08:34:15Z
pathway
SMP:00677
levomethadyl acetate pharmacodynamics pathway
PW:0002553
levacetylmethadol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of levacetylmethadol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug acts as a mu-receptor agonist. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levacetylmethadol
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levorphanol, an opioid used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Primarily an agonist of the mu opioid receptor, levorphanol acts as an agonist or antagonist for several other receptors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-03-02T08:45:44Z
pathway
PW:0002554
levorphanol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of levorphanol, an opioid used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Primarily an agonist of the mu opioid receptor, levorphanol acts as an agonist or antagonist for several other receptors. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levorphanol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levorphanol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-03-02T08:46:34Z
pathway
PW:0002555
levorphanol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of levorphanol. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levorphanol
The pathway of levorphanol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug acts primarily as a mu-receptor agonist, but it can be an agonist or antagonist for several other receptors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-03-02T08:46:58Z
pathway
SMP:00673
PW:0002556
levorphanol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of levorphanol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug acts primarily as a mu-receptor agonist, but it can be an agonist or antagonist for several other receptors. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levorphanol
An inherited condition resulting from alteration in lipid metabolism due to defects in lipase or apolipoprotein functions.
VPetri
2016-03-02T09:00:27Z
Fredrickson type I hyperlipoproteinemia pathway
Fredrickson type I lipemia pathway
familial LPL deficiency pathway
familial chylomiconemia syndrome pathway
familial hyperlipoproteinemia type I pathway
hypercholesterinemic xanthomatosis pathway
hyperchylomicronemia pathway
hyperlipoproteinemia type I disease pathway
hyperlipoproteinemia type I pathway
mixed hyperglyceridemia pathway
pathway
SMP:00530
PW:0002557
familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency pathway
An inherited condition resulting from alteration in lipid metabolism due to defects in lipase or apolipoprotein functions.
MeSH:D008072
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of heroin, an opioid painkiller and a narcotic. Chemically is 3,6-diacetyl ester of morphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-03-02T09:09:20Z
pathway
PW:0002558
heroin drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of heroin, an opioid painkiller and a narcotic. Chemically is 3,6-diacetyl ester of morphine. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of heroin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
VPetri
2016-03-02T09:09:48Z
pathway
SMP:00623
PW:0002559
heroin pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of heroin. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin
The pathway of heroin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Heroin is an opioid painkiller and a narcotic. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
VPetri
2016-03-02T09:10:31Z
pathway
SMP:00407
PW:0002560
heroin pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of heroin-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Heroin is an opioid painkiller and a narcotic. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in the transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine metabolism.
VPetri
2016-03-07T10:24:56Z
cystathionase deficiency pathway
cystathione gamma-lyase deficiency syndrome pathway
gamma-cystathionase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00514
PW:0002561
cystathioninuria pathway
An autosomal recessive condition resulting from alterations in the transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine metabolism.
OMIM:219500
An inherited condition resulting from alterations in glutathione metabolism.
VPetri
2016-03-07T10:33:20Z
gamma-glutamyltransferase deficiency pathway
gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00501
PW:0002562
glutathionuria disease pathway
An inherited condition resulting from alterations in glutathione metabolism.
OMIM:231950
An inherited condition resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway.
VPetri
2016-03-07T10:40:11Z
hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinemia syndrome pathway
pathway
HHH syndrome pathway
SMP:00506
PW:0002563
ornithine translocase deficiency pathway
An inherited condition resulting from alterations in the urea cycle pathway.
OMIM:238970
Those metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation of phytanic acid, a branched chain fatty acid. Phytanic acid alpha-oxidation in the peroxisome results in pristanic acid, which can then follow a beta degradation pathway.
VPetri
2016-03-07T10:52:11Z
pathway
SMP:00450
PW:0002564
phytanic acid degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation of phytanic acid, a branched chain fatty acid. Phytanic acid alpha-oxidation in the peroxisome results in pristanic acid, which can then follow a beta degradation pathway.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytanic_acid
An inherited condition resulting from alterations in carnosine metabolism due to defects in the enzyme carnosinase and manifested in neurological disorders.
VPetri
2016-03-07T11:05:38Z
aminoacyl-histidine dipeptidase deficiency pathway
carnosinase deficiency pathway
carnosinemia disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00493
PW:0002565
carnosinemia pathway
An inherited condition resulting from alterations in carnosine metabolism due to defects in the enzyme carnosinase and manifested in neurological disorders.
OMIM:212200
An autosomal recessive disorder leading to the formation of urinary stones.
vpetri
2016-03-10T08:24:31Z
pathway
SMP:00535
PW:0002566
adenine phoshoribosyltransferase deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder leading to the formation of urinary stones.
OMIM:614723
Conditions leading to the formation of stones in any part of the urinary tract.
vpetri
2016-03-10T08:29:31Z
pathway
PW:0002567
urolithiasis pathway
Conditions leading to the formation of stones in any part of the urinary tract.
MeSH:D052878
An autosomal condition resulting from alterations in cysteine metabolism due to defects in the enzyme mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase.
vpetri
2016-03-10T08:36:18Z
mixed disulfiduria pathway
pathway
SMP:00499
PW:0002568
mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria pathway
An autosomal condition resulting from alterations in cysteine metabolism due to defects in the enzyme mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase.
PMID:16719781
PMID:23759691
A rare condition resulting from possible alterations in amino acid metabolism for which the causative genes are a matter of debate.
vpetri
2016-03-10T08:46:25Z
pathway
SMP:00521
SMP:00522
PW:0002569
3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria pathway
A rare condition resulting from possible alterations in amino acid metabolism for which the causative genes are a matter of debate.
PMID:11446412
PMID:16466957
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diphenoxylate, a drug of the phenulpiperidine sries used for the treatment of diarrhea. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-03-28T09:11:54Z
pathway
PW:0002570
diphenoxylate drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diphenoxylate, a drug of the phenulpiperidine sries used for the treatment of diarrhea. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenoxylate
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diphenoxylate. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-03-28T09:13:04Z
pathway
PW:0002571
diphenoxylate pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of diphenoxylate. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenoxylate
The pathway of diphenoxylate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Diphenoxylate is used for the treatment of diarrhea. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-03-28T09:13:43Z
pathway
SMP:00675
PW:0002572
diphenoxylate pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of diphenoxylate-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Diphenoxylate is used for the treatment of diarrhea. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenoxylate
A condition resulting from alterations in glucose metabolism and homeostasis leading to abnormally low blood glucose levels.
vpetri
2016-03-28T09:22:01Z
hypoglycemia disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002573
hypoglycemia pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in glucose metabolism and homeostasis leading to abnormally low blood glucose levels.
MeSH:D007003
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in long chain fatty acid oxidation due to defects in the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) enzyme.
vpetri
2016-03-28T09:23:52Z
carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency type I pathway
pathway
SMP:00538
PW:0002574
carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency pathway
An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from alterations in long chain fatty acid oxidation due to defects in the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) enzyme.
OMIM:255120
The reactions thereby dopamine can spontaneously oxidize under aerobic conditions. In the process, radicals are being formed that can potentially exert noxious effects. Oxidation of dopamine gives rise to three quinone species that can form adducts with proteins or be precursor to the neuromelanin pigment (NM). NM, which accumulates with age, but is diminished in Parkinson disease patients may confer protective roles, particularly as a metal chelator.
vpetri
2016-03-29T11:14:20Z
pathway
PW:0002575
dopamine oxidation pathway
The reactions thereby dopamine can spontaneously oxidize under aerobic conditions. In the process, radicals are being formed that can potentially exert noxious effects. Oxidation of dopamine gives rise to three quinone species that can form adducts with proteins or be precursor to the neuromelanin pigment (NM). NM, which accumulates with age, but is diminished in Parkinson disease patients may confer protective roles, particularly as a metal chelator.
PMID:24548101
An inheritied condition resulting from alterations in the degradation of branched-chain amino acid due to defects in the alpha subunit of methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase (MCCC1). MCCC is a biotin-requiring enzyme in the mitochondria.
vpetri
2016-03-31T15:17:59Z
pathway
3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase type I deficiency pathway
SMP:00237
PW:0002576
3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency pathway
An inheritied condition resulting from alterations in the degradation of branched-chain amino acid due to defects in the alpha subunit of methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase (MCCC1). MCCC is a biotin-requiring enzyme in the mitochondria.
OMIM:210200
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcrotonyl-CoA_carboxylase
An inheritied condition resulting from alterations in the degradation of branched-chain amino acid due to defects in the beta subunit of methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase (MCCC2). MCCC is a biotin-requiring enzyme in the mitochondria.
vpetri
2016-03-31T15:29:38Z
pathway
3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase type II deficiency pathway
PW:0002577
3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency pathway
An inheritied condition resulting from alterations in the degradation of branched-chain amino acid due to defects in the beta subunit of methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase (MCCC2). MCCC is a biotin-requiring enzyme in the mitochondria.
OMIM:210210
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcrotonyl-CoA_carboxylase
vpetri
2016-04-01T13:15:49Z
pathway
PW:0002578
altered neurotrophic factor signaling pathway
A brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway that deviates from what it normal course should be. Impaired BDNF signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of conditions such as Huntington Disease (HD) and depression.
vpetri
2016-04-01T13:16:24Z
pathway
altered BDNF signaling pathway
PW:0002579
altered brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway
A brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway that deviates from what it normal course should be. Impaired BDNF signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of conditions such as Huntington Disease (HD) and depression.
PMID:24668475
PMID:25221473
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis and utilization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). There are several routes leading to NAD biosynthesis from various sources. NAD, in addition to its well known role as a cofactor in redox reactions, also serves as a substrate for several classes of enzymes.
vpetri
2016-06-01T13:58:17Z
NAD metabolic pathway
pathway
SMP:00124
SMP:00129
PW:0002580
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis and utilization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). There are several routes leading to NAD biosynthesis from various sources. NAD, in addition to its well known role as a cofactor in redox reactions, also serves as a substrate for several classes of enzymes.
PMID:18020963
PMID:20007326
PMID:26785480
Those metabolic reactions involved in the utilization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD, in addition to its well known role as a cofactor in redox reactions, also serves as a substrate for several classes of enzymes. These include the sirtuin deacetylases, the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose transferases/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, and the cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) synthases.
vpetri
2016-06-01T14:17:00Z
NAD utilization pathway
pathway
PW:0002581
nicotinamide adenine nucleotide utilization pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the utilization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD, in addition to its well known role as a cofactor in redox reactions, also serves as a substrate for several classes of enzymes. These include the sirtuin deacetylases, the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose transferases/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, and the cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) synthases.
PMID:18020963
PMID:20007326
PMID:26785480
Mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation of proteins is carried out by members of the PARP family. Proteins with particular domains or modules are involved in the recognition of modified proteins while others reverse the modification. Protein ADP-ribosylation plays important roles in DNA damage repair, cell-cycle, transcription and cell death pathways.
vpetri
2016-06-02T15:13:11Z
pathway
PW:0002582
ADP-ribosylation pathway, mono and poly-ribosylation
Mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation of proteins is carried out by members of the PARP family. Proteins with particular domains or modules are involved in the recognition of modified proteins while others reverse the modification. Protein ADP-ribosylation plays important roles in DNA damage repair, cell-cycle, transcription and cell death pathways.
PMID:25828806
PMID:26091342
Cyclic ADP-ribosylation leads to the formation of second messengers with important roles in calcium signaling.
vpetri
2016-06-02T15:16:07Z
pathway
PW:0002583
ADP-ribosylation pathway, cyclic ribosylation
Cyclic ADP-ribosylation leads to the formation of second messengers with important roles in calcium signaling.
PMID:25828806
Sirtuins belong to the class III deacetylases that carry out NAD-dependent deacetylation and other activities. They are sensors of NAD/NAM ratio and play important roles in cellular homeostasis.
vpetri
2016-06-02T15:20:46Z
pathway
PW:0002584
Sirtuin mediated pathway
Sirtuins belong to the class III deacetylases that carry out NAD-dependent deacetylation and other activities. They are sensors of NAD/NAM ratio and play important roles in cellular homeostasis.
PMID:27154583
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of carvedilol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of mild to severe congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-06T15:41:55Z
pathway
PW:0002585
carvedilol drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of carvedilol - a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker, used in the treatment of mild to severe congestive heart failure. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carvedilol
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of carvedilol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-06T15:42:27Z
pathway
PW:0002586
carvedilol pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of carvedilol. The drug is a non-selective adrenergic beta receptor blocker. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carvedilol
The pathway of carvedilol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta belonging to the third generation of blockers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-06T15:43:08Z
pathway
SMP:00367
PW:0002587
carvedilol pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of carvedilol-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is non-selective blocker of adrenergic receptor beta belonging to the third generation of blockers. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carvedilol
Those conditions affecting the skeletal system and elements associated with it, arising from deregulation in a number of pathways.
vpetri
2016-06-09T08:50:25Z
pathway
PW:0002588
bone disease pathway
Those conditions affecting the skeletal system and elements associated with it, arising from deregulation in a number of pathways.
MeSH:D001847
A heterogeneous group of conditions with recessive, dominant, and X-linked forms.
vpetri
2016-06-09T08:55:12Z
chondrodysplasia punctata disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002589
chondrodysplasia punctata pathway
A heterogeneous group of conditions with recessive, dominant, and X-linked forms.
MeSH:D002806
Those conditions resulting from the abnormal development of cartilage and bone.
vpetri
2016-06-09T08:59:39Z
osteochondrodysplasia disease pathway
pathway
PW:0002590
osteochondrodysplasia pathway
Those conditions resulting from the abnormal development of cartilage and bone.
MeSH:D010009
The better characterized form of chondrodysplasia punctata due to defects in the Ebp gene involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway.
vpetri
2016-06-09T09:18:28Z
CDPXD pathway
CONRADI-HUNERMANN SYNDROME pathway
CONRADI-HUNERMANN-HAPPLE SYNDROME pathway
CPXD pathway
HAPPLE SYNDROME pathway
X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata 2 disease pathway
pathway
SMP:00388
PW:0002591
X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata 2 pathway
The better characterized form of chondrodysplasia punctata due to defects in the Ebp gene involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway.
OMIM:302960
The vitamin K cycle is an essential aspect of its metabolism. The carboxylation of glutamate residues in vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins, necessary for their function, requires a reduced form of vitamin K as a cofactor. The resulting oxidized compound is converted back to the reduced form via a two-step reduction reaction. Natural and synthetic antagonists block the cycle and thus, the VKD protein modification. VKD proteins include coagulation factors; antagonists are used as anti-coagulation, anti-thrombotic agents.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:03:18Z
pathway
PW:0002592
vitamin K cycle pathway
The vitamin K cycle is an essential aspect of its metabolism. The carboxylation of glutamate residues in vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins, necessary for their function, requires a reduced form of vitamin K as a cofactor. The resulting oxidized compound is converted back to the reduced form via a two-step reduction reaction. Natural and synthetic antagonists block the cycle and thus, the VKD protein modification. VKD proteins include coagulation factors; antagonists are used as anti-coagulation, anti-thrombotic agents.
PMID:24489112
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:42:24Z
pathway
PW:0002593
dabigatran drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:44:12Z
pathway
PW:0002594
dabigatran pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pathway of dabigatran-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:45:00Z
pathway
PW:0002595
dabigatran pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of dabigatran-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct thrombin inhibitor. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots by directly inhibiting activated factor X (Xa). Factor X is a serine protease and essential component of coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:48:18Z
pathway
PW:0002596
direct factors Xa inhibitor drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of drugs that reduce or prevent the formation of blood clots by directly inhibiting activated factor X (Xa). Factor X is a serine protease and essential component of coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:26150723
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Xa_inhibitor
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of apixaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:53:21Z
pathway
PW:0002597
apixaban drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of apixaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of edoxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:54:21Z
pathway
PW:0002598
edoxaban drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of edoxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of rivaroxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:54:49Z
pathway
PW:0002599
rivaroxaban drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of rivaroxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of apixaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:55:12Z
pathway
PW:0002600
apixaban pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of apixaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pathway of apixaban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:55:37Z
pathway
PW:0002601
apixaban pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of apixaban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of edoxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:56:05Z
pathway
PW:0002602
edoxaban pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of edoxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pathway of edoxaban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:56:29Z
pathway
PW:0002603
edoxaban pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of edoxaban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of rivaroxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:57:09Z
pathway
PW:0002604
rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of rivaroxaban, a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
PMID:26150723
The pathway of rivaroxaban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-06-23T13:57:36Z
pathway
PW:0002605
rivaroxaban pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of rivaroxaban-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. The drug is a direct inhibitor of activated factor X (Xa) of the coagulation cascade. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
PMID:26150723
Proteases, the vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteases in particular, can activate a specific class of G protein-coupled receptors harboring an internally tethered ligand. The four protease-activated receptors (PARs) are involved in numerous physiologically relevant processes and can also play a role in disease-related aspects. PARs can be cleaved at different sites by different proteases to elicit distinct signaling responses, referred to as biased signaling.
vpetri
2016-07-01T10:00:11Z
pathway
PW:0002606
protease mediated signaling pathway
Proteases, the vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteases in particular, can activate a specific class of G protein-coupled receptors harboring an internally tethered ligand. The four protease-activated receptors (PARs) are involved in numerous physiologically relevant processes and can also play a role in disease-related aspects. PARs can be cleaved at different sites by different proteases to elicit distinct signaling responses, referred to as biased signaling.
PMID:24860547
PMID:24990498
PMID:27068977
Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1/F2R) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 2, thrombin, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR1 signaling plays many roles in the immune, cardiovascular and nervous system.
vpetri
2016-07-01T10:39:21Z
pathway
protease mediated signaling via F2R
protease mediated signaling via PAR1
PW:0002607
protease mediated signaling via protease-activated receptor 1
Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1/F2R) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 2, thrombin, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR1 signaling plays many roles in the immune, cardiovascular and nervous system.
PMID:25986685
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2/F2RL1) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 10, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR2 signaling plays important roles in the cardiovascular and immune systems.
vpetri
2016-07-01T10:45:55Z
pathway
protease mediated signaling via F2RL1
protease mediated signaling via PAR2
PW:0002608
protease mediated signaling via protease-activated receptor 2
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2/F2RL1) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 10, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR2 signaling plays important roles in the cardiovascular and immune systems.
PMID:25120239
PMID:27006943
Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4/F2RL3) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 2, thrombin, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR4 signaling plays important roles in the inflammatory response.
vpetri
2016-07-01T10:52:17Z
pathway
protease mediated signaling via F2RL3
protease mediated signaling via PAR4
PW:0002609
protease mediated signaling via protease-activated receptor 4
Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4/F2RL3) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 2, thrombin, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR4 signaling plays important roles in the inflammatory response.
PMID:25664811
Protease-activated receptor 3 (PAR3/F2RL2) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 2, thrombin, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR3 is thought to not signal autonomously and require heterodimerization with other PARs.
vpetri
2016-07-01T10:59:48Z
pathway
protease mediated signaling via F2RL2
protease mediated signaling via PAR3
PW:0002610
protease mediated signaling via protease-activated receptor 3
Protease-activated receptor 3 (PAR3/F2RL2) is primarily a target of coagulation factor 2, thrombin, but other proteases can prompt or disarm it. PAR3 is thought to not signal autonomously and require heterodimerization with other PARs.
PMID:18264801
PMID:22117049
Alterations in the hemostatic system can result in a series of pathological conditions. They are caused by alterations in the coagulation cascade and/or anticoagulant pathways that regulate it.
vpetri
2016-07-14T15:33:07Z
pathway
PW:0002611
altered hemostasis pathway
Alterations in the hemostatic system can result in a series of pathological conditions. They are caused by alterations in the coagulation cascade and/or anticoagulant pathways that regulate it.
PMID:12787532
PMID:26018600
Alterations in the anticoagulant system are associated with various conditions.
vpetri
2016-07-14T15:38:34Z
pathway
PW:0002612
altered natural anticoagulant pathway
Alterations in the anticoagulant system are associated with various conditions.
PMID:23031460
Alterations in the coagulation cascade have been associated with several conditions. Deficiencies in factors F5 and F8, the essential cofactors of the intrinsic tenase and thrombinase complexes, lead to parahemophilia and hemophilia A, respectively.
vpetri
2016-07-14T15:40:03Z
pathway
PW:0002613
altered coagulation cascade pathway
Alterations in the coagulation cascade have been associated with several conditions. Deficiencies in factors F5 and F8, the essential cofactors of the intrinsic tenase and thrombinase complexes, lead to parahemophilia and hemophilia A, respectively.
PMID:19765210
Mutations in protein C (Proc) and its cofactor, protein S (Pros1) are associated with several deficiencies.
vpetri
2016-07-14T15:44:32Z
pathway
PW:0002614
altered protein C anticoagulant pathway
Mutations in protein C (Proc) and its cofactor, protein S (Pros1) are associated with several deficiencies.
PMID:12787532
The glyoxalase pathway is the main detoxifying route to protect against the harmful effects of methylglyoxal (MG). The highly reactive dicarbonyl compound is primarily a by-product of glycolysis, but it can also result as a by-product of fatty acid and protein metabolism. MG is also known as pyruvaldehyde or 2-oxopropanol.
vpetri
2016-08-08T09:55:16Z
pathway
2-oxo propanol degradation pathway
SMP:00459
methylglyoxal degradation pathway
pyruvaldehyde degradation pathway
PW:0002615
glyoxalase metabolic pathway
The glyoxalase pathway is the main detoxifying route to protect against the harmful effects of methylglyoxal (MG). The highly reactive dicarbonyl compound is primarily a by-product of glycolysis, but it can also result as a by-product of fatty acid and protein metabolism. MG is also known as pyruvaldehyde or 2-oxopropanol.
PMID:23763312
PMID:25709564
A fibrinolysis pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Several congenital and acquired disorders of fibrinolysis are reported.
vpetri
2016-08-17T13:50:09Z
pathway
PW:0002616
altered fibrinolysis pathway
A fibrinolysis pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Several congenital and acquired disorders of fibrinolysis are reported.
PMID:25294122
A condition resulting from alterations in the gluconeogenesis pathway due to defects in the cytosolic PCK1 gene.
vpetri
2016-08-17T14:03:09Z
PCK deficiency pathway
PCK1 deficiency pathway
PEPCK deficiency pathway
pathway
SMP:00560
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency 1 pathway
PW:0002617
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency pathway
A condition resulting from alterations in the gluconeogenesis pathway due to defects in the cytosolic PCK1 gene.
OMIM:261680
Alterations in platelet-derived growth factor signaling are implicated in cancer development.
vpetri
2016-08-19T08:48:00Z
pathway
altered PDGF signaling pathway
PW:0002618
altered platelet-derived growth factor signaling pathway
Alterations in platelet-derived growth factor signaling are implicated in cancer development.
PMID:26153649
An oxidative stress response pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Alterations in stress response pathway are associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and various forms of cancer.
vpetri
2016-09-06T09:17:00Z
pathway
PW:0002619
altered oxidative stress response pathway
A cellular detoxification pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be.
vpetri
2016-09-08T08:24:13Z
pathway
PW:0002620
altered cellular detoxification pathway
Deregulation of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nfe2l2, also known as Nrf2) signaling pathway has been associated with several conditions, including neurodegeneration and cancer.
vpetri
2016-09-08T08:27:47Z
pathway
PW:0002621
altered nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 signaling pathway
Deregulation of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nfe2l2, also known as Nrf2) signaling pathway has been associated with several conditions, including neurodegeneration and cancer.
PMID:26122708
PMID:26419687
PMID:27192495
Several endogenous small proteins are involved in the antioxidant response. Subsequently they need to be reduced back for another round of response, The reductase enzymes catalyze the reaction in an NADPH-dependent manner. The expression of these and of NADPH-producing enzymes is under the control of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 signaling pathway.
vpetri
2016-09-08T08:38:56Z
pathway
PW:0002622
endogenous antioxidant pathway
Several endogenous small proteins are involved in the antioxidant response. Subsequently they need to be reduced back for another round of response, The reductase enzymes catalyze the reaction in an NADPH-dependent manner. The expression of these and of NADPH-producing enzymes is under the control of nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 signaling pathway.
PMID:23397885
PMID:24647116
PMID:26122708
vpetri
2016-09-08T09:00:37Z
pathway
PW:0002623
glutathione antioxidant pathway
vpetri
2016-09-08T09:03:33Z
pathway
PW:0002624
thioredoxin antioxidant pathway
vpetri
2016-09-08T09:04:03Z
pathway
PW:0002625
peroxiredoxin antioxidant pathway
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death that is triggered by conditions or molecules that inhibit the Gpx4 function. Loss of function of glutathione peroxidase GPX4 results in accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS).
vpetri
2016-09-29T13:20:59Z
pathway
PW:0002626
ferroptosis pathway
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death that is triggered by conditions or molecules that inhibit the Gpx4 function. Loss of function of glutathione peroxidase GPX4 results in accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS).
PMID:26653790
PMID:26725301
PMID:27048822
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor used in the treatment of several cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-09-29T13:30:17Z
pathway
PW:0002627
bortezomib drug pathway
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics pathway of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor used in the treatment of several cancer types. Genetic variations can result in changes in drug availability and can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bortezomib
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bortezomib. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
vpetri
2016-09-29T13:32:31Z
pathway
PW:0002628
bortezomib pharmacokinetics pathway
The pathway of processing - absorption, distribution, metabolism or elimination - of bortezomib. Genetic variations can result in changes in the availability of the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bortezomib
The pathway of bortezomib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Bortezomib is used in the treatment of several cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
vpetri
2016-09-29T13:33:02Z
pathway
PW:0002629
bortezomib pharmacodynamics pathway
The pathway of bortezomib-target interaction and of the biochemical or physiological responses to drug. Bortezomib is used in the treatment of several cancer types. Genetic variations can cause differences in the response of the organism to the drug.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bortezomib
Paraquat, a chemical used as a herbicide and a powerful oxidant, is highly toxic to the mammalian system. Toxicity depends on delivery routes: the highest is via inhalation, followed by the oral route, with the dermal route being moderately toxic. It has been shown that there is a connection between paraquat use and Parkinson disease (PD) in farm workers.
vpetri
2016-09-29T13:46:37Z
pathway
PW:0002630
paraquat response pathway
Paraquat, a chemical used as a herbicide and a powerful oxidant, is highly toxic to the mammalian system. Toxicity depends on delivery routes: the highest is via inhalation, followed by the oral route, with the dermal route being moderately toxic. It has been shown that there is a connection between paraquat use and Parkinson disease (PD) in farm workers.
PMID:18161502
PMID:22024235
Several systems are involved in the uptake of iron. They require the action of ferric reductases as the form of iron crossing the membrane is the ferrous Fe(II).
vpetri
2016-10-06T14:27:38Z
pathway
PW:0002631
iron uptake pathway
Several systems are involved in the uptake of iron. They require the action of ferric reductases as the form of iron crossing the membrane is the ferrous Fe(II).
PMID:25661197
PMID:26725301
A single system is involved in the efflux of iron from many cell types. As the iron crossing the membrane is the ferrous Fe(II), several oxidases carry out the formation of ferric Fe(III) which can be bound by the transferrin carrier.
vpetri
2016-10-06T14:30:53Z
pathway
PW:0002632
iron efflux pathway
A single system is involved in the efflux of iron from many cell types. As the iron crossing the membrane is the ferrous Fe(II), several oxidases carry out the formation of ferric Fe(III) which can be bound by the transferrin carrier.
PMID:26437604
PMID:26596411
Heme and iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) biosynthetic pathways are the major routes of iron utilization.
vpetri
2016-10-13T14:58:57Z
pathway
PW:0002633
iron utilization pathway
Heme and iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) biosynthetic pathways are the major routes of iron utilization.
PMID:25661197
The steps involved in the assembly and delivery of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters (ISC) to Fe-S proteins. The mitochondrial ISC and the connected cytosolic assembly (CIA) pathways provide for the biogenesis of all Fe-S proteins. The Fe-S proteins participate in a broad range of important cellular processes.
vpetri
2016-10-13T15:53:44Z
pathway
PW:0002634
iron-sulfur cluster protein biogenesis pathway
The steps involved in the assembly and delivery of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters (ISC) to Fe-S proteins. The mitochondrial ISC and the connected cytosolic assembly (CIA) pathways provide for the biogenesis of all Fe-S proteins. The Fe-S proteins participate in a broad range of important cellular processes.
PMID:25583461
PMID:26099175
The mitochondrial pathway consists of the synthesis of [2Fe-2S] clusters on scaffold proteins, cluster transfer and formation of mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] proteins, and the synthesis of 4Fe-4S] clusters and the formation of [4Fe-4S] proteins. The first two steps are required for the mitochondrial export and the biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. This arm of the pathway is usually referred to as the 'core'.
vpetri
2016-10-14T11:25:35Z
Reactome:R-HSA-1362409
pathway
Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis
PW:0002635
mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster protein biogenesis pathway
The mitochondrial pathway consists of the synthesis of [2Fe-2S] clusters on scaffold proteins, cluster transfer and formation of mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] proteins, and the synthesis of 4Fe-4S] clusters and the formation of [4Fe-4S] proteins. The first two steps are required for the mitochondrial export and the biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. This arm of the pathway is usually referred to as the 'core'.
PMID:25583461
PMID:26099175
The cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster protein assembly pathway is dependent upon the core mitochondrial assembly and export pathways. The pathway is structurally distinct from the mitochondrial system.
vpetri
2016-10-14T11:41:08Z
pathway
PW:0002636
cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster protein assembly pathway
The cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster protein assembly pathway is dependent upon the core mitochondrial assembly and export pathways. The pathway is structurally distinct from the mitochondrial system.
PMID:25583461
PMID:26099175
The core mitochondrial iron-sulfur assembly and export pathways are crucial for the assembly of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. Despite knowledge of the export system, the species that is actually transported remains to be determined. The exported molecule is usually termed X-S.
vpetri
2016-10-14T11:54:27Z
pathway
PW:0002637
mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster export pathway
The core mitochondrial iron-sulfur assembly and export pathways are crucial for the assembly of cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. Despite knowledge of the export system, the species that is actually transported remains to be determined. The exported molecule is usually termed X-S.
PMID:25583461
PMID:26099175
The molecular aspects of transport and intracellular trafficking of cofactors and prosthetic groups.
vpetri
2016-10-20T10:43:26Z
pathway
PW:0002638
cofactor transport pathway
Heme is a prosthetic group found in proteins important for many and diverse metabolic pathways. Import and export of heme into and from cells are important for proper heme homeostasis.
vpetri
2016-10-20T10:49:06Z
pathway
PW:0002639
heme transport pathway
Heme is a prosthetic group found in proteins important for many and diverse metabolic pathways. Import and export of heme into and from cells are important for proper heme homeostasis.
PMID:24926267
PMID:26100009
Acrolein is a reactive unsaturated aldehyde that is a dietary and environmental pollutant and can also be metabolically generated. It exerts severe toxic effects through production of DNA and protein adducts and disruption of important cellular pathways. Acrolein is thought to play a role in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and immune disorders.
vpetri
2016-10-20T13:11:04Z
pathway
PW:0002640
acrolein response pathway
Acrolein is a reactive unsaturated aldehyde that is a dietary and environmental pollutant and can also be metabolically generated. It exerts severe toxic effects through production of DNA and protein adducts and disruption of important cellular pathways. Acrolein is thought to play a role in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and immune disorders.
PMID:25628402
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 1, which is expressed on monocytes.
gthayman
2023-03-11T19:20:01Z
pathway
toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway
PW:0002641
Toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 1, which is expressed on monocytes.
GO:0034130
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 2, which is expressed constitutively on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, and can be induced in some other cell types, including epithelial cells.
gthayman
2023-03-11T19:42:20Z
pathway
Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Cascade
toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
PW:0002642
Toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 2, which is expressed constitutively on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, and can be induced in some other cell types, including epithelial cells.
GO:0034134
Reactome:R-HSA-181438
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 3, expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium and macrophages.
gthayman
2023-03-13T17:07:12Z
pathway
Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade
toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
PW:0002643
Toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 3, expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium and macrophages.
GO:0034138
Reactome:R-HSA-168164
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 4, well known for its sensitivity to bacterial lipopolysaccharides.
gthayman
2023-03-13T17:13:25Z
pathway
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade
toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
PW:0002644
Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 4, well known for its sensitivity to bacterial lipopolysaccharides.
GO:0034142
Reactome:R-HSA-166016
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 5, the receptor for flagellin, expressed on epithelial cells as well as on macrophages and dendritic cells.
gthayman
2023-03-13T17:20:35Z
pathway
Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) Cascade
toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
PW:0002645
Toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 5, the receptor for flagellin, expressed on epithelial cells as well as on macrophages and dendritic cells.
GO:0034146
Reactome:R-HSA-168176
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 6, which appears to participate in discriminating the subtle differences between dipalmitoyl and tripalmitoyl cysteinyl residues
gthayman
2023-03-20T17:06:59Z
pathway
toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway
PW:0002646
Toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 6, which appears to participate in discriminating the subtle differences between dipalmitoyl and tripalmitoyl cysteinyl residues
GO:0034150
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 7, which senses ssRNA oligonucleotides from RNA viruses.
gthayman
2023-03-20T17:19:32Z
pathway
Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade
toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway
PW:0002647
Toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 7, which senses ssRNA oligonucleotides from RNA viruses.
GO:0034154
Reactome:R-HSA-168181
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 8, which senses ssRNA oligonucleotides from RNA viruses.
gthayman
2023-03-20T17:42:48Z
pathway
Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade
toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway
PW:0002648
Toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 8, which senses ssRNA oligonucleotides from RNA viruses.
GO:0034158
Reactome:R-HSA-168181
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 9, which recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA motifs of bacterial or viral origin.
gthayman
2023-03-20T17:46:02Z
pathway
Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade
toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
PW:0002649
Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to the endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 9, which recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA motifs of bacterial or viral origin.
GO:0034162
Reactome:R-HSA-168138
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand such as a bacterial lipoprotein or peptide binding to a cotranslationally formed heterodimeric TLR1:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
gthayman
2023-03-27T13:35:35Z
pathway
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade
toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway
PW:0002650
Toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand such as a bacterial lipoprotein or peptide binding to a cotranslationally formed heterodimeric TLR1:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
GO:0038123
Reactome:R-HSA-168179
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand such as a bacterial cell wall component binding to a heterodimeric TLR6:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
gthayman
2023-03-27T13:53:58Z
pathway
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade
toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway
PW:0002651
Toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand such as a bacterial cell wall component binding to a heterodimeric TLR6:TLR2 complex, followed by transmission of the signal by the activated receptor, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
GO:0038124
Reactome:R-HSA-168188
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 10, causing homodimerization. It is expressed as a highly N-glycosylated protein detectable in B cells and dendritic cells
gthayman
2023-03-27T14:00:27Z
pathway
Toll Like Receptor 10 (TLR10) Cascade
toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
PW:0002652
Toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 10, causing homodimerization. It is expressed as a highly N-glycosylated protein detectable in B cells and dendritic cells
GO:0034166
Reactome:R-HSA-168142
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the breakdown, interconversion and synthesis of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. Only plants and microorganisms employ all processes.
gthayman
2023-03-27T14:29:14Z
pathway
Sulfur amino acid metabolism
PW:0002653
sulfur amino acid metabolic pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving the breakdown, interconversion and synthesis of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine. Only plants and microorganisms employ all processes.
GO:0000096
Reactome:R-HSA-1614635
Those metabolic reactions involved in oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is oxidized to acetate. This is then condensed with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA.
gthayman
2023-08-23T15:47:32Z
pathway
Ethanol oxidation
PW:0002654
ethanol oxidation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is oxidized to acetate. This is then condensed with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA.
GO:0006069
Reactome:R-HSA-71384
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glucose, also known as dextrose. It is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
gthayman
2023-08-23T17:00:34Z
pathway
Glucose metabolism
glucose metabolic process
PW:0002655
glucose metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glucose, also known as dextrose. It is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
GO:0006006
Reactome:R-HSA-70326
Those reactions involved in the biosynthesis of DNA.
gthayman
2023-08-24T15:46:08Z
pathway
DNA biosynthetic process
Synthesis of DNA
PW:0002656
DNA biosynthetic pathway
Those reactions involved in the biosynthesis of DNA.
GO:0071897
Reactome:R-HSA-69239
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of fructose.
gthayman
2023-08-24T16:18:10Z
pathway
Fructose catabolism
fructose catabolic process
PW:0002657
fructose degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of fructose.
GO:0006001
Reactome:R-HSA-70350
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of galactose.
gthayman
2023-08-24T16:23:52Z
pathway
Galactose catabolism
galactose catabolic process
PW:0002658
galactose degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of galactose.
GO:0019388
Reactome:R-HSA-70370
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of proline.
gthayman
2023-08-24T16:33:51Z
pathway
Proline catabolism
proline catabolic process
PW:0002659
proline degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of proline.
GO:0006562
Reactome:R-HSA-70688
Those reactions involved in extending an existing DNA strand by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand.
gthayman
2023-08-24T16:43:23Z
pathway
DNA strand elongation
PW:0002660
DNA strand elongation pathway
Those reactions involved in extending an existing DNA strand by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand.
GO:0022616
Reactome:R-HSA-69190
The pathway in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; it begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, followed by DNA unwinding.
gthayman
2023-08-24T16:57:50Z
pathway
DNA replication initiation
PW:0002661
DNA replication initiation pathway
The pathway in which DNA-dependent DNA replication is started; it begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by the origin recognition complex, followed by DNA unwinding.
GO:0006270
Reactome:R-HSA-68952
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glycerophospholipids.
gthayman
2023-08-24T17:09:55Z
pathway
Glycerophospholipid catabolism
glycerophospholipid catabolic process
PW:0002662
glycerophospholipid degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of glycerophospholipids.
GO:0046475
Reactome:R-HSA-6814848
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of choline.
gthayman
2023-08-24T17:15:50Z
pathway
Choline catabolism
choline catabolic process
PW:0002663
choline degradation pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of choline.
GO:0042426
Reactome:R-HSA-6798163
A pathway of protein modification via removal of conjugated ubiquitin.
gthayman
2023-08-24T17:25:28Z
pathway
Deubiquitination
protein deubiquitination
PW:0002664
deubiquitination pathway
A pathway of protein modification via removal of conjugated ubiquitin.
GO:0016579
Reactome:R-HSA-5688426
Those metabolic reactions involving the fat-soluble vitamins. These include vitamins A, D, E and K.
gthayman
2023-08-25T16:38:34Z
pathway
Metabolism of fat-soluble vitamins
fat-soluble vitamin metabolic process
PW:0002665
fat-soluble vitamin metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involving the fat-soluble vitamins. These include vitamins A, D, E and K.
GO:0006775
Reactome:R-HSA-6806667
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of fructose.
gthayman
2023-08-25T16:54:51Z
pathway
Fructose metabolism
fructose metabolic process
PW:0002666
fructose metabolic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of fructose.
GO:0006000
Reactome:R-HSA-5652084
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of fructose.
gthayman
2023-08-25T17:01:45Z
pathway
Fructose biosynthesis
fructose biosynthetic process
PW:0002667
fructose biosynthetic pathway
Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of fructose.
GO:0046370
Reactome:R-HSA-5652227
The reactions involved in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA).
gthayman
2023-08-25T17:12:14Z
pathway
RA biosynthesis pathway
retinoic acid biosynthetic pathway
PW:0002668
retinoic acid biosynthetic pathway
The reactions involved in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA).
GO:0002138
Reactome:R-HSA-5365859
gthayman
2023-11-09T13:44:19Z
pathway
Selenocysteine synthesis
selenocysteine biosynthetic process
PW:0002669
selenocysteine biosynthetic pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, which is not sulfated and is not found covalently attached to proteins as a proteoglycan. This includes any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
gthayman
2023-11-09T14:26:03Z
pathway
Hyaluronan metabolism
hyaluronan metabolic process
PW:0002670
hyaluronan metabolic pathway
The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, which is not sulfated and is not found covalently attached to proteins as a proteoglycan. This includes any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
GO:0030212
Reactome:R-HSA-2142845
A cellular senescence pathway associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family, which can be caused by oncogenic mutations in RAS or RAF proteins, or by oncogenic mutations in growth factor receptors, such as EGFR, that act upstream of RAS/RAF/MAPK cascade.
gthayman
2023-11-09T15:23:41Z
pathway
Oncogene Induced Senescence
oncogene-induced cell senescence
PW:0002671
oncogene-induced cell senescence pathway
A cellular senescence pathway associated with the dismantling of a cell as a response to oncogenic stress, such as the activation of the Ras oncogenic family, which can be caused by oncogenic mutations in RAS or RAF proteins, or by oncogenic mutations in growth factor receptors, such as EGFR, that act upstream of RAS/RAF/MAPK cascade.
GO:0090402
Reactome:R-HSA-2559585
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. In response to exposure to elevated temperature, cells activate a number of cytoprotective mechanisms known collectively as the "heat shock response".
gthayman
2023-11-09T15:40:27Z
pathway
Cellular response to heat stress
cellular response to heat�
PW:0002672
cellular response to heat stress pathway
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. In response to exposure to elevated temperature, cells activate a number of cytoprotective mechanisms known collectively as the "heat shock response".
GO:0034605
Reactome:R-HSA-3371556
true
true
true
true
true
true
true
true
true