saved-by: kirill
autogenerated-by: DAG-Edit version 1.419 rev 3
DAG-Edit 1.419 rev 3
version: $Revision: 1.13 $
05:01:2007 09:19
kirill
rex.obo
date: Thu Jan 04 14:25:43 GMT 2007
1.0
definition
database_cross_reference
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
rex.obo
BY
can be determined by
rex.obo
disjoint_from
disjoint from
rex.obo
inverse_of
inverse of
rex.obo
is_a
is a
rex.obo
is_reverse_of
is reverse of
rex.obo
part_of
Part of
rex.obo
REX:0000000
physico-chemical process ontology
A phenomenon by which change takes place in a system. In physiological systems, a process may be chemical, physical or both.
rex.obo
physico-chemical process
REX:0000001
process
A phenomenon by which change takes place in a system. In physiological systems, a process may be chemical, physical or both.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04858.html
A process involving the interconversion of chemical species.
rex.obo
REX:0000002
chemical reaction
A process involving the interconversion of chemical species.
ISBN:0865426848
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01033.html
The change of one nuclide into another with a different proton number or nucleon number.
rex.obo
REX:0000003
nuclear transformation
The change of one nuclide into another with a different proton number or nucleon number.
ISBN:0865426848
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04240.html
A spontaneous nuclear transformation.
rex.obo
REX:0000004
nuclear decay
A spontaneous nuclear transformation.
ISBN:0865426848
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04227.html
Nuclear decay involving a splitting into more nuclei or the emission of particles.
rex.obo
REX:0000005
nuclear disintegration
Nuclear decay involving a splitting into more nuclei or the emission of particles.
ISBN:0865426848
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04228.html
A nuclear transformation in which the nucleus captures an orbital electron.
rex.obo
REX:0000006
electron capture
A nuclear transformation in which the nucleus captures an orbital electron.
ISBN:0865426848
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01980.html
Nuclear decay in which a beta particle is emitted or in which orbital electron capture occurs.
rex.obo
REX:0000007
beta-decay
Nuclear decay in which a beta particle is emitted or in which orbital electron capture occurs.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00572.html
A reaction between two light nuclei resulting in the production of a nuclear species heavier than either initial nucleus.
rex.obo
nuclear fusion
REX:0000008
nuclear fusion reaction
A reaction between two light nuclei resulting in the production of a nuclear species heavier than either initial nucleus.
ISBN:0865426848
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04232.html
Capture of a particle by a nucleus followed by immediate emission of gamma radiation.
rex.obo
REX:0000009
radiative capture
Capture of a particle by a nucleus followed by immediate emission of gamma radiation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05061.html
A process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle.
rex.obo
REX:0000010
capture
A process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00796.html
For a nucleus a change from one quantized energy state into another or a nuclear transformation.
rex.obo
REX:0000011
nuclear transition
For a nucleus a change from one quantized energy state into another or a nuclear transformation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04241.html
Nuclear decay in which particles or electromagnetic radiation are emitted or the nucleus undergoes spontaneous fission or electron capture.
rex.obo
REX:0000012
radioactive decay
Nuclear decay in which particles or electromagnetic radiation are emitted or the nucleus undergoes spontaneous fission or electron capture.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05083.html
Nuclear fission which occurs without the addition of particles or energy to the nucleus.
rex.obo
fission
REX:0000013
spontaneous fission
Nuclear fission which occurs without the addition of particles or energy to the nucleus.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05887.html
rex.obo
REX:0000014
subatomic process
The division of a nucleus into two or more parts with masses of equal order of magnitude, usually accompanied by the emission of neutrons, gamma radiation and, rarely, small charged nuclear fragments.
rex.obo
REX:0000015
nuclear fission
The division of a nucleus into two or more parts with masses of equal order of magnitude, usually accompanied by the emission of neutrons, gamma radiation and, rarely, small charged nuclear fragments.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04229.html
Fission caused by thermal neutrons.
rex.obo
REX:0000016
thermal fission
Fission caused by thermal neutrons.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06302.html
Radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted.
rex.obo
REX:0000017
alpha-decay
Radioactive decay in which an alpha particle is emitted.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00005.html
rex.obo
REX:0000018
gamma-decay
rex.obo
REX:0000019
gamma emission
rex.obo
REX:0000020
internal conversion
rex.obo
REX:0000021
internal pair production
rex.obo
beta emission
beta negative emission
beta- emission
negative beta decay
REX:0000022
electron emission
rex.obo
beta positive emission
beta+ emission
positive beta decay
REX:0000023
positron emission
rex.obo
REX:0000024
induced fission
A transformation of a nucleus which occurs (i) when another nuclear particle approaches closely enough to be influenced by the mutual attractive nuclear force between them or (ii) when affected by an electromagnetic force of sufficient strength.
rex.obo
REX:0000025
nuclear reaction
A transformation of a nucleus which occurs (i) when another nuclear particle approaches closely enough to be influenced by the mutual attractive nuclear force between them or (ii) when affected by an electromagnetic force of sufficient strength.
http://www.iupac.org/ACD/V7_karol/N.html#anchor425553
Process causing the transition of a system from one state to another of higher energy.
rex.obo
REX:0000026
excitation
Process causing the transition of a system from one state to another of higher energy.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02248.html
The production of an excited state by the absorption of ultraviolet, visible, or infrared radiation.
rex.obo
REX:0000027
photoexcitation
The production of an excited state by the absorption of ultraviolet, visible, or infrared radiation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04613.html
The transfer of an electron from one molecular entity to another, or between two localized sites in the same molecular entity.
rex.obo
REX:0000028
electron transfer
The transfer of an electron from one molecular entity to another, or between two localized sites in the same molecular entity.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02011.html
A reaction in which the electron transfer takes place with no or very weak (4-16 kJ/mol) electronic interaction between the reactants in the transition state.
rex.obo
REX:0000029
outer-sphere electron transfer
A reaction in which the electron transfer takes place with no or very weak (4-16 kJ/mol) electronic interaction between the reactants in the transition state.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04351.html
A reaction in which the electron transfer takes place with significant (>20 kJ/mol) electronic interaction between the donor and acceptor centres in the transition state.
rex.obo
REX:0000030
inner-sphere electron transfer
A reaction in which the electron transfer takes place with significant (>20 kJ/mol) electronic interaction between the donor and acceptor centres in the transition state.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03052.html
An electron transfer resulting from an electronic state produced by the resonant interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
rex.obo
REX:0000031
photoinduced electron transfer
An electron transfer resulting from an electronic state produced by the resonant interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04617.html
Photoexcitation and subsequent events which lead from one to another state of a molecular entity through radiation and radiationless transitions. No chemical change results.
rex.obo
REX:0000032
photophysical process
Photoexcitation and subsequent events which lead from one to another state of a molecular entity through radiation and radiationless transitions. No chemical change results.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04647.html
A chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet, visible, or infrared radiation.
rex.obo
photoreaction
REX:0000033
photochemical reaction
A chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet, visible, or infrared radiation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04585.html
The cleavage of one or more covalent bonds in a molecular entity resulting from absorption of light.
rex.obo
REX:0000034
photolysis
The cleavage of one or more covalent bonds in a molecular entity resulting from absorption of light.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04624.html
Ionization of any species by photons.
rex.obo
REX:0000035
photoionization
Ionization of any species by photons.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04620.html
Catalytic reaction involving light absorption by a catalyst or by a substrate.
rex.obo
REX:0000036
photocatalysis
Catalytic reaction involving light absorption by a catalyst or by a substrate.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04580.html
Catalytic reaction involving production of a catalyst by absorption of light.
rex.obo
REX:0000037
photoassisted catalysis
Catalytic reaction involving production of a catalyst by absorption of light.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04579.html
Luminescence arising from photoexcitation.
rex.obo
REX:0000038
photoluminescence
Luminescence arising from photoexcitation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04623.html
A photophysical process in which an excited state of one molecular entity (the donor) is deactivated to a lower-lying state by transferring energy to a second molecular entity (the acceptor) which is thereby raised to a higher energy state.
rex.obo
energy transfer
REX:0000039
excitation energy transfer
A photophysical process in which an excited state of one molecular entity (the donor) is deactivated to a lower-lying state by transferring energy to a second molecular entity (the acceptor) which is thereby raised to a higher energy state.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02116.html
Transfer of excitation energy by radiative deactivation of a donor molecular entity and reabsorption of the emitted light by an acceptor molecular entity.
rex.obo
REX:0000040
radiative energy transfer
Transfer of excitation energy by radiative deactivation of a donor molecular entity and reabsorption of the emitted light by an acceptor molecular entity.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05063.html
A mechanism of excitation transfer which can occur between molecular entities separated by distances considerably exceeding the sum of their van der Waals radii.
rex.obo
dipole-dipole excitation transfer
REX:0000041
Forster excitation transfer
A mechanism of excitation transfer which can occur between molecular entities separated by distances considerably exceeding the sum of their van der Waals radii.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/F02488.html
Excitation transfer occurring as a result of an electron exchange mechanism. It requires an overlap of the wavefunctions of the energy donor and the energy acceptor.
rex.obo
electron exchange excitation transfer
REX:0000042
Dexter excitation transfer
Excitation transfer occurring as a result of an electron exchange mechanism. It requires an overlap of the wavefunctions of the energy donor and the energy acceptor.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01654.html
Luminescence which occurs essentially only during the irradiation of a substance by electromagnetic radiation.
rex.obo
REX:0000043
fluorescence
Luminescence which occurs essentially only during the irradiation of a substance by electromagnetic radiation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/F02453.html
Luminescence involving change in spin multiplicity.
rex.obo
REX:0000044
phosphorescence
Luminescence involving change in spin multiplicity.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04569.html
Reduction reactions induced by light.
rex.obo
REX:0000045
photoreduction
Reduction reactions induced by light.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04650.html
A combined process of photon absorption by an atom followed by spontaneous photon emission.
rex.obo
REX:0000046
atomic fluorescence
A combined process of photon absorption by an atom followed by spontaneous photon emission.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00494.html
Oxidation reactions induced by light.
rex.obo
REX:0000047
photooxidation
Oxidation reactions induced by light.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04640.html
The complete transfer of one or more electrons to a molecular entity.
rex.obo
reduction
REX:0000048
electronation
The complete transfer of one or more electrons to a molecular entity.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05222.html
The complete removal of one or more electrons from a molecular entity.
rex.obo
oxidation
REX:0000049
de-electronation
The complete removal of one or more electrons from a molecular entity.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04362.html
The incorporation of molecular oxygen into a molecular entity induced by light.
rex.obo
REX:0000050
photooxygenation
The incorporation of molecular oxygen into a molecular entity induced by light.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04641.html
rex.obo
REX:0000051
catalytic reaction
A chemical reaction in which a product (or a reaction intermediate) also functions as a catalyst.
rex.obo
REX:0000052
autocatalytic reaction
A chemical reaction in which a product (or a reaction intermediate) also functions as a catalyst.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00525.html
A reaction in which one or more reactive reaction intermediates are continuously regenerated, usually through a repetitive cycle of elementary steps (the 'propagation step').
rex.obo
REX:0000053
chain reaction
A reaction in which one or more reactive reaction intermediates are continuously regenerated, usually through a repetitive cycle of elementary steps (the 'propagation step').
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00960.html
A sequence of reactions such as shown in equations [1]-[3], leading from A to B: [1] A + e- --> A.- ; [2] A.- --> B.- ; [3] B.- + A --> B + A.- ; an analogous sequence involving radical cations (A.+, B.+) is also observed.
rex.obo
electron-transfer catalysis
REX:0000054
electron-transfer induced chain reaction
A sequence of reactions such as shown in equations [1]-[3], leading from A to B: [1] A + e- --> A.- ; [2] A.- --> B.- ; [3] B.- + A --> B + A.- ; an analogous sequence involving radical cations (A.+, B.+) is also observed.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02012.html
A reaction for which no reaction intermediates have been detected or need to be postulated in order to describe the chemical reaction on a molecular scale.
rex.obo
REX:0000055
elementary reaction
A reaction for which no reaction intermediates have been detected or need to be postulated in order to describe the chemical reaction on a molecular scale.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02035.html
A chemical reaction with at least one reaction intermediate and involving at least two consecutive elementary reactions.
rex.obo
consecutive reactions
REX:0000056
stepwise reaction
A chemical reaction with at least one reaction intermediate and involving at least two consecutive elementary reactions.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05970.html
A chemical reaction for which the expression for the rate of disappearance of a reactant (or rate of appearance of a product) involves rate constants of more than a single elementary reaction.
rex.obo
REX:0000057
composite reaction
A chemical reaction for which the expression for the rate of disappearance of a reactant (or rate of appearance of a product) involves rate constants of more than a single elementary reaction.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01211.html
An elementary reaction, constituting one of the stages of a stepwise reaction in which a reaction intermediate (or, for the first step, the reactants) is converted into the next reaction intermediate (or, for the last step, the products) in the sequence of intermediates between reactants and products.
rex.obo
REX:0000058
reaction step
An elementary reaction, constituting one of the stages of a stepwise reaction in which a reaction intermediate (or, for the first step, the reactants) is converted into the next reaction intermediate (or, for the last step, the products) in the sequence of intermediates between reactants and products.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05178.html
rex.obo
REX:0000059
chain reaction step
A reaction or process generating free radicals (or some other reactive reaction intermediates) which then induce a chain reaction.
rex.obo
initiation
REX:0000060
chain initiation
A reaction or process generating free radicals (or some other reactive reaction intermediates) which then induce a chain reaction.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03042.html
When in a chain reaction there is a net increase in the number of chain carriers there is said to be chain branching.
rex.obo
REX:0000061
chain branching
When in a chain reaction there is a net increase in the number of chain carriers there is said to be chain branching.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00948.html
Sometimes chain branching is brought about by an intermediate which has a long lifetime compared with an ordinary free radical. If this intermediate can break down in different ways, only one of which leads to branching, there may be a relatively slow increase in the number of radicals, and there is said to be degenerate chain branching.
rex.obo
REX:0000062
degenerate chain branching
Sometimes chain branching is brought about by an intermediate which has a long lifetime compared with an ordinary free radical. If this intermediate can break down in different ways, only one of which leads to branching, there may be a relatively slow increase in the number of radicals, and there is said to be degenerate chain branching.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01557.html
The steps in a chain reaction in which reactive intermediates are destroyed or rendered inactive, thus ending the chain.
rex.obo
termination
REX:0000063
chain termination
The steps in a chain reaction in which reactive intermediates are destroyed or rendered inactive, thus ending the chain.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06274.html
An elementary step in a chain reaction in which one chain carrier is converted into another. The conversion can be a unimolecular reaction or a bimolecular reaction with a reactant molecule.
rex.obo
chain-propagating reaction
propagating reaction
REX:0000064
chain propagation
An elementary step in a chain reaction in which one chain carrier is converted into another. The conversion can be a unimolecular reaction or a bimolecular reaction with a reactant molecule.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00959.html
A chain reaction which includes a propagation step or steps in which there is an increase in the number of active intermediates.
rex.obo
REX:0000065
branching chain reaction
A chain reaction which includes a propagation step or steps in which there is an increase in the number of active intermediates.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00723.html
An elementary reaction the rate constant for which exerts a strong effect - stronger than that of any other rate constant - on the overall rate.
rex.obo
rate-determining step
rate-limiting
REX:0000066
rate-controlling step
An elementary reaction the rate constant for which exerts a strong effect - stronger than that of any other rate constant - on the overall rate.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05139.html
The step of a stepwise reaction, in which the product distribution is determined. The product-determining step may be identical to, or occur later than, the rate-controlling step on the reaction coordinate.
rex.obo
REX:0000067
product-determining step
The step of a stepwise reaction, in which the product distribution is determined. The product-determining step may be identical to, or occur later than, the rate-controlling step on the reaction coordinate.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04862.html
A set of one or more (possibly experimentally inseparable) reaction steps leading to and/or from a detectable or presumed reaction intermediate.
rex.obo
REX:0000068
reaction stage
A set of one or more (possibly experimentally inseparable) reaction steps leading to and/or from a detectable or presumed reaction intermediate.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05177.html
Composite reactions, in which processes like A --> Y and B --> Z occur in parallel.
rex.obo
simultaneous reactions
REX:0000069
parallel reactions
Composite reactions, in which processes like A --> Y and B --> Z occur in parallel.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05680.html
Composite reactions, occurring in forward and reverse directions: A + B <=> Z.
rex.obo
REX:0000070
opposing reactions
Composite reactions, occurring in forward and reverse directions: A + B <=> Z.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04302.html
rex.obo
REX:0000071
biomacromolecule-catalysed reaction
rex.obo
enzyme-catalysed reaction
REX:0000072
enzymatic reaction
rex.obo
catalytic antibody reaction
REX:0000073
abzymatic reaction
PUBMED:12022469
PUBMED:12041740
PUBMED:12044032
rex.obo
deoxyribozyme-catalysed reaction
REX:0000074
deoxyribozymatic reaction
PUBMED:12749730
rex.obo
REX:0000075
nucleic acid-catalysed reaction
PUBMED:12831882
PUBMED:12869701
PUBMED:13678961
rex.obo
ribozyme-catalysed reaction
REX:0000076
ribozymatic reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000077
protein-catalysed reaction
The action of a catalyst.
rex.obo
REX:0000078
catalysis
The action of a catalyst.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00874.html
The catalysis of a chemical reaction by a series of Bronsted acids HA (which may include the solvated hydrogen ion). The acids HA are unchanged by the overall reaction.
rex.obo
REX:0000079
general acid catalysis
The catalysis of a chemical reaction by a series of Bronsted acids HA (which may include the solvated hydrogen ion). The acids HA are unchanged by the overall reaction.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02609.html
The catalysis of a chemical reaction by a series of Bronsted bases (which may include the lyate ion).
rex.obo
REX:0000080
general base catalysis
The catalysis of a chemical reaction by a series of Bronsted bases (which may include the lyate ion).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02610.html
The acceleration of a reaction by a unique catalyst, rather than by a family of related substances.
rex.obo
REX:0000081
specific catalysis
The acceleration of a reaction by a unique catalyst, rather than by a family of related substances.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05796.html
Catalysis in which only one phase is involved.
rex.obo
REX:0000082
homogeneous catalysis
Catalysis in which only one phase is involved.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html
Catalysis occurring at or near an interface between phases.
rex.obo
REX:0000083
heterogeneous catalysis
Catalysis occurring at or near an interface between phases.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html
rex.obo
REX:0000084
noncatalytic reaction
A chemical reaction caused by absorption of thermal energy.
rex.obo
REX:0000085
thermal reaction
A chemical reaction caused by absorption of thermal energy.
EBI:kid
The uncatalysed cleavage of one or more covalent bonds resulting from exposure of a compound to a raised temperature, or a process in which such cleavage is an essential part.
rex.obo
REX:0000086
thermolysis
The uncatalysed cleavage of one or more covalent bonds resulting from exposure of a compound to a raised temperature, or a process in which such cleavage is an essential part.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06326.html
The conversion of a substrate into a particular product, irrespective of reagents or mechanisms involved.
rex.obo
REX:0000087
transformation
The conversion of a substrate into a particular product, irrespective of reagents or mechanisms involved.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06446.html
Transformation of the general type: AX + Y --> AY + X.
rex.obo
REX:0000088
substitution
Transformation of the general type: AX + Y --> AY + X.
EBI:kid
rex.obo
REX:0000089
addition
A reaction in which two or more unsaturated molecules (or parts of the same molecule) combine with the formation of a cyclic adduct in which there is a net reduction of the bond multiplicity.
rex.obo
REX:0000090
cycloaddition
A reaction in which two or more unsaturated molecules (or parts of the same molecule) combine with the formation of a cyclic adduct in which there is a net reduction of the bond multiplicity.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01496.html
A chemical reaction resulting in a single reaction product from two or three reacting chemical species, with formation of two new chemical bonds to the same atom in one of the reactant molecular entities.
rex.obo
1/1/addition
REX:0000091
alpha-addition
A chemical reaction resulting in a single reaction product from two or three reacting chemical species, with formation of two new chemical bonds to the same atom in one of the reactant molecular entities.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00001.html
In an elimination two groups (called eliminands) are lost most often from two different centres (1/2/elimination or 1/3/elimination, etc.) with concomitant formation of an unsaturation in the molecule (double bond, triple bond) or formation of a new ring.
rex.obo
REX:0000092
elimination
In an elimination two groups (called eliminands) are lost most often from two different centres (1/2/elimination or 1/3/elimination, etc.) with concomitant formation of an unsaturation in the molecule (double bond, triple bond) or formation of a new ring.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02038.html
A transformation of the general type: R-Z(X)(Y)-R' --> R-Z-R' + XY [or X + Y, or X(+) + X(-)]
rex.obo
REX:0000093
alpha-elimination
A transformation of the general type: R-Z(X)(Y)-R' --> R-Z-R' + XY [or X + Y, or X(+) + X(-)]
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00007.html
rex.obo
molecular rearrangement
REX:0000094
rearrangement
In the intramolecular rearrangement, the atoms and groups that are common to a reactant and a product never separate into independent fragments during the rearrangement stage.
rex.obo
true molecular rearrangement
REX:0000095
intramolecular rearrangement
In the intramolecular rearrangement, the atoms and groups that are common to a reactant and a product never separate into independent fragments during the rearrangement stage.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03997.html
In an intermolecular rearrangement, a migrating group is completely free from the parent molecule and is re-attached to a different position in a subsequent step.
rex.obo
apparent rearrangement
REX:0000096
intermolecular rearrangement
In an intermolecular rearrangement, a migrating group is completely free from the parent molecule and is re-attached to a different position in a subsequent step.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03997.html
A molecular rearrangement in which the principal product is indistinguishable (in the absence of isotopic labelling) from the principal reactant.
rex.obo
REX:0000097
degenerate rearrangement
A molecular rearrangement in which the principal product is indistinguishable (in the absence of isotopic labelling) from the principal reactant.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01559.html
A chemical reaction, the principal product of which is isomeric with the principal reactant.
rex.obo
isomerisation
REX:0000098
isomerization
A chemical reaction, the principal product of which is isomeric with the principal reactant.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03295.html
A chemical reaction or transformation of the general type: X-Z + Y --> X-Y-Z, in which the connecting atom or group Y replaces the bond joining the parts X and Z of the reactant XZ.
rex.obo
REX:0000099
insertion
A chemical reaction or transformation of the general type: X-Z + Y --> X-Y-Z, in which the connecting atom or group Y replaces the bond joining the parts X and Z of the reactant XZ.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03058.html
A transformation in which an atom or group Y connected to two other atoms or groups X and Z is lost from a molecule, leading to a product in which X is bonded to Z, e.g. X-Y-Z --> X-Z + Y.
rex.obo
REX:0000100
extrusion
A transformation in which an atom or group Y connected to two other atoms or groups X and Z is lost from a molecule, leading to a product in which X is bonded to Z, e.g. X-Y-Z --> X-Z + Y.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02311.html
A form of cycloaddition across the terminal atoms of a fully conjugated system with formation of two new sigma-bonds to a single atom of the ('monocentric') reagent. There is formal loss of one pi-bond in the substrate and an increase in coordination number of the relevant atom of the reagent.
rex.obo
REX:0000101
cheletropic reaction
A form of cycloaddition across the terminal atoms of a fully conjugated system with formation of two new sigma-bonds to a single atom of the ('monocentric') reagent. There is formal loss of one pi-bond in the substrate and an increase in coordination number of the relevant atom of the reagent.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01014.html
rex.obo
REX:0000102
cheletropic elimination
rex.obo
REX:0000103
biochemical reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000104
biotransformation reaction
GO:0006810
rex.obo
REX:0000105
biological transport
GO:0006118
rex.obo
REX:0000106
biological electron transfer
Enzymatic redox reaction.
EC:1
GO:0016491
rex.obo
oxidase reaction
reductase reaction
REX:0000107
oxidoreductase reaction
Enzymatic redox reaction.
EBI:kid
EC:2
GO:0016740
rex.obo
REX:0000108
transferase reaction
EC:3
GO:0016787
rex.obo
REX:0000109
hydrolase reaction
EC:4
GO:0016829
rex.obo
REX:0000110
lyase reaction
EC:5
GO:0016853
rex.obo
REX:0000111
isomerase reaction
EC:6
GO:0016874
rex.obo
REX:0000112
ligase reaction
EC:3.6
rex.obo
REX:0000113
acid anhydride hydrolase reaction
EC:3.6.1
rex.obo
REX:0000114
phosphorus-containing anhydride hydrolase reaction
NTP + H2O --> NDP + phosphate
EC:3.6.1.15
GO:0017111
rex.obo
nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase reaction
REX:0000115
nucleoside-triphosphatase reaction
NTP + H2O --> NDP + phosphate
EC:3.6.1.15
NTP + H2O --> NMP + diphosphate
EC:3.6.1.19
GO:0047429
rex.obo
nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphohydrolase reaction
REX:0000116
nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase reaction
NTP + H2O --> NMP + diphosphate
EC:3.6.1.19
rex.obo
REX:0000117
nucleoside triphosphate (di)phosphohydrolase reaction
X=Y + Z --> X-Y-Z
rex.obo
REX:0000118
synthase reaction
X=Y + Z --> X-Y-Z
EBI:kid
rex.obo
REX:0000119
transmembrane transport
The carriage of a solute across a biological membrane from low to high concentration which requires the expenditure of (metabolic) energy.
rex.obo
REX:0000120
active transport
The carriage of a solute across a biological membrane from low to high concentration which requires the expenditure of (metabolic) energy.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00112.html
Diffusion across a biological membrane through the participation of specific transporting agents (transporters) or carriers.
TC:1
rex.obo
REX:0000121
facilitated diffusion
Diffusion across a biological membrane through the participation of specific transporting agents (transporters) or carriers.
ISBN:0198506732
A diffusion across a membrane in the absence of any specific transporting agent or carrier.
rex.obo
passive diffusion
REX:0000122
simple diffusion
A diffusion across a membrane in the absence of any specific transporting agent or carrier.
ISBN:0198506732
GO:0015399
TC:3
rex.obo
REX:0000123
primary active transport
rex.obo
REX:0000124
secondary active transport
GO:0015405
TC:3.A
rex.obo
REX:0000125
diphosphate-bond-hydrolysis-driven transport
GO:0015451
TC:3.B
rex.obo
REX:0000126
decarboxylation-driven transport
GO:0015452
TC:3.C
rex.obo
REX:0000127
methyl-transfer-driven transport
GO:0015453
TC:3.D
rex.obo
REX:0000128
oxidoreduction-driven transport
GO:0015454
TC:3.E
rex.obo
REX:0000129
light-driven transport
TC:5
rex.obo
transmembrane electron transport
REX:0000130
transmembrane electron transfer
TC:5.A
rex.obo
REX:0000131
two-electron transmembrane electron transfer
TC:5.B
rex.obo
REX:0000132
one-electron transmembrane electron transfer
The process of coupled solute translocation in which two solutes equilibrate across an osmotic barrier, the translocation of solute being coupled to the translocation of the other in the opposite direction.
GO:0015297
rex.obo
countertransport
REX:0000133
antiport
The process of coupled solute translocation in which two solutes equilibrate across an osmotic barrier, the translocation of solute being coupled to the translocation of the other in the opposite direction.
ISBN:0198506732
The process of solute translocation in which two solutes equilibrate across an osmotic barrier, and the translocation of one solute is coupled to the translocation of the other in the same direction.
GO:0015293
rex.obo
cotransport
REX:0000134
symport
The process of solute translocation in which two solutes equilibrate across an osmotic barrier, and the translocation of one solute is coupled to the translocation of the other in the same direction.
ISBN:0198506732
rex.obo
REX:0000135
solute transport
Any process in which a substance to be transported across a biological membrane undergoes covalent modification prior crossing the membrane.
rex.obo
REX:0000136
group translocation
Any process in which a substance to be transported across a biological membrane undergoes covalent modification prior crossing the membrane.
ISBN:0198506732
rex.obo
REX:0000137
photobiochemical reaction
PUBMED:12867466
rex.obo
REX:0000138
intermembrane electron transfer
rex.obo
REX:0000139
one-electron transfer
rex.obo
REX:0000140
two-electron transfer
Any stabilizing interaction of a solute (or solute moiety) and the solvent or a similar interaction of solvent with groups of an insoluble material.
rex.obo
REX:0000141
solvation
Any stabilizing interaction of a solute (or solute moiety) and the solvent or a similar interaction of solvent with groups of an insoluble material.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05747.html
The formation of a covalent bond, the two shared electrons of which have come from only one of the two parts of the molecular entity linked by it, as in the reaction of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct.
rex.obo
REX:0000142
coordination
The formation of a covalent bond, the two shared electrons of which have come from only one of the two parts of the molecular entity linked by it, as in the reaction of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01329.html
The cleavage of a covalent bond so that both bonding electrons remain with one of the two fragments between which the bond is broken (A:B --> A + :B).
rex.obo
REX:0000143
unimolecular heterolysis
The cleavage of a covalent bond so that both bonding electrons remain with one of the two fragments between which the bond is broken (A:B --> A + :B).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/H02809.html
The formation of a covalent bond by the combination or recombination of two radicals (A. + .B -> A:B).
rex.obo
REX:0000144
colligation
The formation of a covalent bond by the combination or recombination of two radicals (A. + .B -> A:B).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01153.html
A unimolecular reaction involving homolysis of a bond (not forming part of a cyclic structure) in a molecular entity containing an even number of (paired) electrons results in the formation of two radicals (A:B --> A. + .B).
rex.obo
REX:0000145
unimolecular homolysis
A unimolecular reaction involving homolysis of a bond (not forming part of a cyclic structure) in a molecular entity containing an even number of (paired) electrons results in the formation of two radicals (A:B --> A. + .B).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/H02851.html
rex.obo
REX:0000146
homolysis
rex.obo
REX:0000147
heterolysis
A transformation by which one molecular entity (the substrate) is converted into another by the formation of one (and only one) two-centre bond between the substrate and another molecular entity and which involves no other changes in connectivity in the substrate.
rex.obo
REX:0000148
attachment
A transformation by which one molecular entity (the substrate) is converted into another by the formation of one (and only one) two-centre bond between the substrate and another molecular entity and which involves no other changes in connectivity in the substrate.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00512.html
The reverse of an attachment.
rex.obo
REX:0000149
detachment
The reverse of an attachment.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01625.html
The assembling of separate molecular entities into any aggregate, especially of oppositely charged free ions into ion pairs or larger and not necessarily well-defined clusters of ions held together by electrostatic attraction.
rex.obo
REX:0000150
association
The assembling of separate molecular entities into any aggregate, especially of oppositely charged free ions into ion pairs or larger and not necessarily well-defined clusters of ions held together by electrostatic attraction.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00472.html
The separation of a molecular entity into two or more molecular entities (or any similar separation within a polyatomic molecular entity).
rex.obo
REX:0000151
dissociation
The separation of a molecular entity into two or more molecular entities (or any similar separation within a polyatomic molecular entity).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01801.html
The generation of one or more ions. It may occur, e.g. by loss of an electron from a neutral molecular entity, by the unimolecular heterolysis of such an entity into two or more ions, or by a heterolytic substitution reaction involving neutral molecules.
rex.obo
REX:0000152
ionization
The generation of one or more ions. It may occur, e.g. by loss of an electron from a neutral molecular entity, by the unimolecular heterolysis of such an entity into two or more ions, or by a heterolytic substitution reaction involving neutral molecules.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03183.html
The transfer of an electron to a molecular entity, resulting in a molecular entity of (algebraically) increased negative charge.
rex.obo
REX:0000153
electron attachment
The transfer of an electron to a molecular entity, resulting in a molecular entity of (algebraically) increased negative charge.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01979.html
The reverse of an electron attachment.
rex.obo
REX:0000154
electron detachment
The reverse of an electron attachment.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01987.html
rex.obo
REX:0000155
electronic transition
An electronic transition which does not involve a change in the spin part of the wavefunction.
rex.obo
REX:0000156
spin-allowed electronic transition
An electronic transition which does not involve a change in the spin part of the wavefunction.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05861.html
A transition which involves a change in both the electronic and vibrational quantum numbers of a molecular entity, as opposed to purely electronic or purely vibrational transitions.
rex.obo
REX:0000157
vibronic transition
A transition which involves a change in both the electronic and vibrational quantum numbers of a molecular entity, as opposed to purely electronic or purely vibrational transitions.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/V06618.html
An electronic transition in which a large fraction of an electronic charge is transferred from one region of a molecular entity, called the electron donor, to another, called the electron acceptor (intramolecular CT) or from one molecular entity to another (intermolecular CT).
rex.obo
CT transition
REX:0000158
charge-transfer transition
An electronic transition in which a large fraction of an electronic charge is transferred from one region of a molecular entity, called the electron donor, to another, called the electron acceptor (intramolecular CT) or from one molecular entity to another (intermolecular CT).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01008.html
An electronic transition described approximately as a promotion of an electron from a 'bonding' pi orbital to an 'antibonding' sigma orbital designated as sigma*. Such transitions generally involve high transition energies and appear close to or mixed with Rydberg transitions.
rex.obo
pi-->sigma* transition
REX:0000159
pi-sigma* transition
An electronic transition described approximately as a promotion of an electron from a 'bonding' pi orbital to an 'antibonding' sigma orbital designated as sigma*. Such transitions generally involve high transition energies and appear close to or mixed with Rydberg transitions.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S04387.html
An electronic transition described approximately as promotion of an electron from a 'bonding' sigma orbital to an 'antibonding' sigma orbital designated as sigma*. Such transitions generally involve high transition energies, and appear close to or mixed with Rydberg transitions.
rex.obo
sigma-->sigma* transition
REX:0000160
sigma-sigma* transition
An electronic transition described approximately as promotion of an electron from a 'bonding' sigma orbital to an 'antibonding' sigma orbital designated as sigma*. Such transitions generally involve high transition energies, and appear close to or mixed with Rydberg transitions.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05435.html
An electronic transition in a metal complex that corresponds to excitation populating an electronic state in which considerable electron transfer from a ligand to a metal centre has occurred.
rex.obo
LMCT transition
REX:0000161
ligand to metal charge transfer transition
An electronic transition in a metal complex that corresponds to excitation populating an electronic state in which considerable electron transfer from a ligand to a metal centre has occurred.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03520.html
An electronic transition of a metal complex that corresponds to excitation populating an electronic state in which considerable electron transfer from the metal to a ligand has occurred.
rex.obo
MLCT transition
REX:0000162
metal to ligand charge transfer transition
An electronic transition of a metal complex that corresponds to excitation populating an electronic state in which considerable electron transfer from the metal to a ligand has occurred.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03868.html
An electronic transition of a bi- or polynuclear metal complex that corresponds to excitation populating an electronic state in which considerable electron transfer between two metal centres has occurred.
rex.obo
MMCT transition
REX:0000163
metal to metal charge transfer transition
An electronic transition of a bi- or polynuclear metal complex that corresponds to excitation populating an electronic state in which considerable electron transfer between two metal centres has occurred.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03869.html
Electron transfer (thermal or photoinduced) between two metal sites differing only in oxidation state. Quite often such electron transfer reverses the oxidation states of the sites. The term is frequently extended to the case of metal-to-metal charge transfer between non-equivalent metal centres.
rex.obo
REX:0000164
intervalence charge transfer
Electron transfer (thermal or photoinduced) between two metal sites differing only in oxidation state. Quite often such electron transfer reverses the oxidation states of the sites. The term is frequently extended to the case of metal-to-metal charge transfer between non-equivalent metal centres.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03125.html
An electronic transition described approximately as promotion of an electron from a 'bonding' orbital to a Rydberg orbital.
rex.obo
REX:0000165
Rydberg transition
An electronic transition described approximately as promotion of an electron from a 'bonding' orbital to a Rydberg orbital.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05432.html
rex.obo
REX:0000166
microscopic process
rex.obo
REX:0000167
macroscopic process
A reaction with a molecularity of one.
rex.obo
REX:0000168
unimolecular reaction
A reaction with a molecularity of one.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03989.html
A reaction with a molecularity of two.
rex.obo
REX:0000169
bimolecular reaction
A reaction with a molecularity of two.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03989.html
A reaction with a molecularity of three.
rex.obo
REX:0000170
termolecular reaction
A reaction with a molecularity of three.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03989.html
A change in the nature of a phase or in the number of phases as a result of some variation in externally imposed conditions, such as temperature, pressure, activity of a component or a magnetic, electric or stress field.
rex.obo
REX:0000171
phase transition
A change in the nature of a phase or in the number of phases as a result of some variation in externally imposed conditions, such as temperature, pressure, activity of a component or a magnetic, electric or stress field.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04537.html
A transition between disordered and ordered arrays of atomic magnetic moments.
rex.obo
REX:0000172
magnetic transition
A transition between disordered and ordered arrays of atomic magnetic moments.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03690.html
The spreading or scattering of a gaseous or liquid material.
rex.obo
REX:0000173
diffusion
The spreading or scattering of a gaseous or liquid material.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01716.html
A process that results in the interconversion of molecular entities.
rex.obo
REX:0000174
microscopic chemical event
A process that results in the interconversion of molecular entities.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01033.html
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03910.html
A transition that occurs between a fully-ordered crystalline solid and an isotropic liquid. Mesomorphic transitions can occur (i) from a crystal to a liquid crystal (ii) from a liquid crystal to another liquid crystal and (iii) from a liquid crystal to an isotropic liquid.
rex.obo
REX:0000175
mesomorphic transition
A transition that occurs between a fully-ordered crystalline solid and an isotropic liquid. Mesomorphic transitions can occur (i) from a crystal to a liquid crystal (ii) from a liquid crystal to another liquid crystal and (iii) from a liquid crystal to an isotropic liquid.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03847.html
A reversible transition of a solid crystalline phase at a certain temperature and pressure (the inversion point) to another phase of the same chemical composition with a different crystal structure.
rex.obo
enantiotropic transition
REX:0000176
polymorphic transition
A reversible transition of a solid crystalline phase at a certain temperature and pressure (the inversion point) to another phase of the same chemical composition with a different crystal structure.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04748.html
The conversion of a solid to a liquid by the application of heat and/or pressure.
rex.obo
REX:0000177
melting
The conversion of a solid to a liquid by the application of heat and/or pressure.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03821.html
The physical process by which a liquid substance is converted to a gas or vapour.
rex.obo
REX:0000178
evaporation
The physical process by which a liquid substance is converted to a gas or vapour.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02227.html
The formation of a crystalline solid from a solution, melt vapour or a different solid phase, generally by the lowering of the temperature or by evaporation of a solvent.
rex.obo
REX:0000179
crystallization
The formation of a crystalline solid from a solution, melt vapour or a different solid phase, generally by the lowering of the temperature or by evaporation of a solvent.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01434.html
The direct transition of a solid to a vapour without passing through a liquid phase.
rex.obo
REX:0000180
sublimation
The direct transition of a solid to a vapour without passing through a liquid phase.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S06069.html
A transition that occurs at boundaries between phases.
rex.obo
REX:0000181
interphase transition
A transition that occurs at boundaries between phases.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03119.html
The sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution in which the material is present in amounts greater than its solubility in the liquid.
rex.obo
REX:0000182
precipitation
The sedimentation of a solid material (a precipitate) from a liquid solution in which the material is present in amounts greater than its solubility in the liquid.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04795.html
A process in a phase transition in which nuclei of a new phase are first formed, followed by the propagation of the new phase at a faster rate.
rex.obo
REX:0000183
nucleation and growth
A process in a phase transition in which nuclei of a new phase are first formed, followed by the propagation of the new phase at a faster rate.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04244.html
A diffusional reaction in a multi-component system in which structural and compositional changes occur in regions immediately adjacent to the advancing interface. The parent phase remains unchanged until swept over by the interface; the transition is complete in regions over which the interface has passed.
rex.obo
REX:0000184
discontinuous precipitation
A diffusional reaction in a multi-component system in which structural and compositional changes occur in regions immediately adjacent to the advancing interface. The parent phase remains unchanged until swept over by the interface; the transition is complete in regions over which the interface has passed.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01782.html
A diffusional reaction in a multi-component system in which atoms are transported to the growing nuclei by diffusion over relatively large distances in the parent phase and during which the mean composition of the parent phase changes continuously towards its equilibrium value.
rex.obo
REX:0000185
continuous precipitation
A diffusional reaction in a multi-component system in which atoms are transported to the growing nuclei by diffusion over relatively large distances in the parent phase and during which the mean composition of the parent phase changes continuously towards its equilibrium value.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01306.html
The formation and growth of aggregates ultimately leading to phase separation by the formation of precipitates of larger than colloidal size.
rex.obo
REX:0000186
agglomeration
The formation and growth of aggregates ultimately leading to phase separation by the formation of precipitates of larger than colloidal size.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00182.html
In a system formed by a solvent, an association colloid and at least one other component (the solubilizate), the incorporation of this other component into or on the micelles.
rex.obo
solubilization
REX:0000187
micellar solubilization
In a system formed by a solvent, an association colloid and at least one other component (the solubilizate), the incorporation of this other component into or on the micelles.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03887.html
The process of one material (absorbent) being retained by another (absorbate).
rex.obo
REX:0000188
absorption
The process of one material (absorbent) being retained by another (absorbate).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00036.html
The transition of a suspension of solid particles in a liquid (sol) to an apparent solid, jelly-like material (gel).
rex.obo
REX:0000189
sol-gel transition
The transition of a suspension of solid particles in a liquid (sol) to an apparent solid, jelly-like material (gel).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05731.html
The process by which nuclei are formed in solution.
rex.obo
REX:0000190
nucleation
The process by which nuclei are formed in solution.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04243.html
The condensation of a single chemical compound in solution.
rex.obo
REX:0000191
homogeneous nucleation
The condensation of a single chemical compound in solution.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04243.html
The simultaneous condensation of more than one compound in solution.
rex.obo
REX:0000192
simultaneous nucleation
The simultaneous condensation of more than one compound in solution.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04243.html
The condensation of a compound in solution on a foreign substance.
rex.obo
REX:0000193
heterogeneous nucleation
The condensation of a compound in solution on a foreign substance.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04243.html
The totality of changes occurring at or near a single electrode during the passage of current.
rex.obo
REX:0000194
electrode process
The totality of changes occurring at or near a single electrode during the passage of current.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01959.html
For an electrode process at a given potential the current is controlled by the kinetics of a number of steps which include the transport of reactants to and from the interface and the interfacial reaction itself. The latter, which is called the electrode reaction, must always include at least one elementary step in which charge is transferred from one phase to the other, but may also involve purely chemical steps within the interfacial region.
rex.obo
REX:0000195
electrode reaction
For an electrode process at a given potential the current is controlled by the kinetics of a number of steps which include the transport of reactants to and from the interface and the interfacial reaction itself. The latter, which is called the electrode reaction, must always include at least one elementary step in which charge is transferred from one phase to the other, but may also involve purely chemical steps within the interfacial region.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01960.html
Electron transfer process in which the reacting system remains on a single electronic surface in passing from reactants to products.
rex.obo
REX:0000196
adiabatic electron transfer
Electron transfer process in which the reacting system remains on a single electronic surface in passing from reactants to products.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00142.html
Electron transfer process in which the reacting system has to cross over between different electronic surfaces in passing from reactants to products.
rex.obo
REX:0000197
diabatic electron transfer
Electron transfer process in which the reacting system has to cross over between different electronic surfaces in passing from reactants to products.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01659.html
An increase in the concentration of a dissolved substance at the interface of a condensed and a liquid phase due to the operation of surface forces. Adsorption can also occur at the interface of a condensed and a gaseous phase.
rex.obo
REX:0000198
adsorption
An increase in the concentration of a dissolved substance at the interface of a condensed and a liquid phase due to the operation of surface forces. Adsorption can also occur at the interface of a condensed and a gaseous phase.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00155.html
The converse of adsorption, i.e. the decrease in the amount of adsorbed substance.
rex.obo
REX:0000199
desorption
The converse of adsorption, i.e. the decrease in the amount of adsorbed substance.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01620.html
The process in which expulsion of a previously adsorbed component from the interfacial layer is effected by subsequent stronger adsorption of another component.
rex.obo
REX:0000200
desorption (by displacement)
The process in which expulsion of a previously adsorbed component from the interfacial layer is effected by subsequent stronger adsorption of another component.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01621.html
Adsorption with dissociation into two or more fragments, both or all of which are bound to the surface of the adsorbent.
rex.obo
dissociative chemisorption
REX:0000201
dissociative adsorption
Adsorption with dissociation into two or more fragments, both or all of which are bound to the surface of the adsorbent.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01803.html
rex.obo
REX:0000202
associative desorption
Reactive adsorption (and its reverse, reactive desorption) resembles dissociative adsorption (and its reverse, associative desorption) but one fragment adds to an adsorbate rather than to a surface site.
rex.obo
REX:0000203
reactive adsorption
Reactive adsorption (and its reverse, reactive desorption) resembles dissociative adsorption (and its reverse, associative desorption) but one fragment adds to an adsorbate rather than to a surface site.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05181.html
Reverse of reactive adsorption.
rex.obo
REX:0000204
reactive desorption
Reverse of reactive adsorption.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05183.html
rex.obo
non-dissociative chemisorption
REX:0000205
associative adsorption
rex.obo
interface process
REX:0000206
surface process
Adsorption in which the forces involved are intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces) of the same kind as those responsible for the imperfection of real gases and the condensation vapours, and which do not involve a significant change in the electronic orbital patterns of the species involved.
rex.obo
physical adsorption
van der Waals adsorption
REX:0000207
physisorption
Adsorption in which the forces involved are intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces) of the same kind as those responsible for the imperfection of real gases and the condensation vapours, and which do not involve a significant change in the electronic orbital patterns of the species involved.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04667.html
Adsorption which results from chemical bond formation (strong interaction) between the adsorbent and the adsorbate in a monolayer on the surface.
rex.obo
chemical adsorption
REX:0000208
chemisorption
Adsorption which results from chemical bond formation (strong interaction) between the adsorbent and the adsorbate in a monolayer on the surface.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01048.html
Oxidative or reductive chemisorption where 'reductive' and 'oxidative' refer to electron gain or loss on species in the solid.
rex.obo
REX:0000209
charge-transfer adsorption
Oxidative or reductive chemisorption where 'reductive' and 'oxidative' refer to electron gain or loss on species in the solid.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01002.html
Adsorption such that the adsorption space accommodates more than one layer of molecules, and not all adsorbed molecules are in contact with the surface layer of the adsorbent.
rex.obo
REX:0000210
multilayer adsorption
Adsorption such that the adsorption space accommodates more than one layer of molecules, and not all adsorbed molecules are in contact with the surface layer of the adsorbent.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M04050.html
Within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, a reaction beginning on one excited state 'potential-energy surface' and ending, as a result of radiationless transition, on another surface, usually that of the ground state.
rex.obo
non-adiabatic photoreaction
REX:0000211
diabatic photoreaction
Within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, a reaction beginning on one excited state 'potential-energy surface' and ending, as a result of radiationless transition, on another surface, usually that of the ground state.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01660.html
Within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, a reaction of an excited state species that occurs on a single 'potential-energy surface'.
rex.obo
REX:0000212
adiabatic photoreaction
Within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, a reaction of an excited state species that occurs on a single 'potential-energy surface'.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00145.html
rex.obo
REX:0000213
electrochemical reaction
The deposition of dissolved or suspended material by an electric field on an electrode.
rex.obo
REX:0000214
electrodeposition
The deposition of dissolved or suspended material by an electric field on an electrode.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01955.html
rex.obo
electrocrystallization
REX:0000215
electro-crystallization
The acceleration of a chemical reaction in solution by the addition of a surfactant at a concentration higher than its critical micelle concentration so that the reaction can proceed in the environment of surfactant aggregates (micelles).
rex.obo
REX:0000216
micellar catalysis
The acceleration of a chemical reaction in solution by the addition of a surfactant at a concentration higher than its critical micelle concentration so that the reaction can proceed in the environment of surfactant aggregates (micelles).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03885.html
Catalysis by a Lewis base, involving formation of a Lewis adduct as a reaction intermediate.
rex.obo
REX:0000217
nucleophilic catalysis
Catalysis by a Lewis base, involving formation of a Lewis adduct as a reaction intermediate.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04250.html
The decrease in rate of reaction brought about by the addition of a substance (inhibitor), by virtue of its effect on the concentration of a reactant, catalyst or reaction intermediate.
rex.obo
REX:0000218
inhibition
The decrease in rate of reaction brought about by the addition of a substance (inhibitor), by virtue of its effect on the concentration of a reactant, catalyst or reaction intermediate.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03034.html
Irreversible inhibition of an enzyme due to its catalysis of the reaction of an artificial substrate.
rex.obo
suicide inhibition
REX:0000219
mechanism-based inhibition
Irreversible inhibition of an enzyme due to its catalysis of the reaction of an artificial substrate.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03805.html
The reduction in rate due to reduction or loss of activity of a catalyst, caused by adsorption of poison which is not greatly preferred to adsorption of reactant.
rex.obo
REX:0000220
competitive inhibition
The reduction in rate due to reduction or loss of activity of a catalyst, caused by adsorption of poison which is not greatly preferred to adsorption of reactant.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01200.html
rex.obo
REX:0000221
activation
When some of the energy required for a reaction is provided by a preceding exothermic chemical reaction there is said to be chemical activation.
rex.obo
REX:0000222
chemical activation
When some of the energy required for a reaction is provided by a preceding exothermic chemical reaction there is said to be chemical activation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01017.html
An added substance that increases the rate of a catalysed reaction is known as an activator, and the effect is called activation.
rex.obo
REX:0000223
activation of catalysis
An added substance that increases the rate of a catalysed reaction is known as an activator, and the effect is called activation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00093.html
rex.obo
REX:0000224
inhibition of catalysis
rex.obo
REX:0000225
reversible enzyme inhibition
rex.obo
complete inhibition
simple inhibition
REX:0000226
linear enzyme inhibition
rex.obo
REX:0000227
mixed inhibition
rex.obo
REX:0000228
non-competitive inhibition
rex.obo
REX:0000229
uncompetitive inhibition
rex.obo
REX:0000230
reversible enzyme activation
In essential activation, the free enzyme without activator bound to it has no activity and does not bind substrate.
rex.obo
compulsory activation
specific activation
REX:0000231
essential activation
In essential activation, the free enzyme without activator bound to it has no activity and does not bind substrate.
ISBN:1855781581
rex.obo
non-essential activation
partial activation
REX:0000232
hyperbolic activation
rex.obo
REX:0000233
enzyme inhibition
rex.obo
REX:0000234
irreversible enzyme inhibition
rex.obo
REX:0000235
modification of reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000236
modification of catalysis
rex.obo
competitive inhibition
REX:0000237
competitive enzyme inhibition
rex.obo
REX:0000238
modification of enzyme catalysis
Any process leading to increase of enzymatic activity.
rex.obo
REX:0000239
enzyme activation
Any process leading to increase of enzymatic activity.
EBI:kid
rex.obo
REX:0000240
irreversible enzyme activation
Conversion of inactive precursors (zymogens) into active enzymes by limited proteolysis.
rex.obo
proteolytic activation
REX:0000241
zymogen activation
Conversion of inactive precursors (zymogens) into active enzymes by limited proteolysis.
PUBMED:9568890
rex.obo
REX:0000242
enzyme activation by phosphate group transfer
rex.obo
REX:0000243
irreversible modification of enzyme catalysis
rex.obo
REX:0000244
reversible modification of enzyme catalysis
rex.obo
partial inhibition
REX:0000245
hyperbolic inhibition
rex.obo
REX:0000246
non-competitive inhibition by protons
rex.obo
REX:0000247
reversible inhibition of catalysis
rex.obo
REX:0000248
irreversible inhibition of catalysis
The action of catalytic poison.
rex.obo
REX:0000249
catalytic poisoning
The action of catalytic poison.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04706.html
Weak and reversible adsorption of a poison, such that removal of the poison from the fluid phase results in restoration of the original catalytic activity.
rex.obo
REX:0000250
temporary poisoning
Weak and reversible adsorption of a poison, such that removal of the poison from the fluid phase results in restoration of the original catalytic activity.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06270.html
The process of converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into a polymer.
rex.obo
REX:0000251
polymerization
The process of converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into a polymer.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04740.html
Polymerization by a repeated condensation process.
rex.obo
polycondensation
REX:0000252
condensation polymerization
Polymerization by a repeated condensation process.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01237.html
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04722.html
A (usually stepwise) reaction in which two or more reactants (or remote reactive sites within the same molecular entity) yield a single main product with accompanying formation of water or of some other small molecule, e.g. ammonia, ethanol, acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide.
rex.obo
condensation
REX:0000253
condensation reaction
A (usually stepwise) reaction in which two or more reactants (or remote reactive sites within the same molecular entity) yield a single main product with accompanying formation of water or of some other small molecule, e.g. ammonia, ethanol, acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01238.html
A polymerization in which a cyclic monomer yields a monomeric unit which is acyclic or contains fewer cycles than the monomer.
rex.obo
REX:0000254
ring-opening polymerization
A polymerization in which a cyclic monomer yields a monomeric unit which is acyclic or contains fewer cycles than the monomer.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05396.html
Polymerization in which a polymer molecule is formed from a mixture of stereoisomeric monomer molecules by incorporation of only one stereoisomeric species.
rex.obo
REX:0000255
stereoselective polymerization
Polymerization in which a polymer molecule is formed from a mixture of stereoisomeric monomer molecules by incorporation of only one stereoisomeric species.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05989.html
A chain reaction in which the growth of a polymer chain proceeds exclusively by reaction(s) between monomer(s) and reactive site(s) on the polymer chain with regeneration of the reactive site(s) at the end of each growth step.
rex.obo
REX:0000256
chain polymerization
A chain reaction in which the growth of a polymer chain proceeds exclusively by reaction(s) between monomer(s) and reactive site(s) on the polymer chain with regeneration of the reactive site(s) at the end of each growth step.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00958.html
Chain polymerization occurring with the formation of small molecules.
rex.obo
REX:0000257
condensative chain polymerization
Chain polymerization occurring with the formation of small molecules.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00958.html
The abstraction, by the radical end of a growing chain-polymer, of an atom from another molecule. The growth of the polymer chain is thereby terminated but a new radical, capable of chain propagation and polymerization, is simultaneously created.
rex.obo
REX:0000258
chain transfer
The abstraction, by the radical end of a growing chain-polymer, of an atom from another molecule. The growth of the polymer chain is thereby terminated but a new radical, capable of chain propagation and polymerization, is simultaneously created.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00963.html
A chain polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are ions or ion pairs.
rex.obo
REX:0000259
ionic polymerization
A chain polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are ions or ion pairs.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03178.html
A chain polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are radicals.
rex.obo
REX:0000260
radical polymerization
A chain polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are radicals.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05075.html
A chain polymerization from which chain transfer and chain termination are absent.
rex.obo
REX:0000261
living polymerization
A chain polymerization from which chain transfer and chain termination are absent.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03597.html
An ionic polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are anions.
rex.obo
REX:0000262
anionic polymerization
An ionic polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are anions.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00361.html
An ionic polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are cations.
rex.obo
REX:0000263
cationic polymerization
An ionic polymerization in which the kinetic-chain carriers are cations.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00910.html
The polymerization of a monomer by a free radical or ionic chain reaction initiated by photoexcitation.
rex.obo
REX:0000264
photoinduced polymerization
The polymerization of a monomer by a free radical or ionic chain reaction initiated by photoexcitation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04618.html
The photoproduction of a free radical or ion capable of initiating a chain reaction such as a polymerization.
rex.obo
REX:0000265
photoinitiation
The photoproduction of a free radical or ion capable of initiating a chain reaction such as a polymerization.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04619.html
A polymerization in which the growth of polymer chains proceeds by addition reactions between molecules of all degrees of polymerization.
rex.obo
REX:0000266
polyaddition
A polymerization in which the growth of polymer chains proceeds by addition reactions between molecules of all degrees of polymerization.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04720.html
Polymerization processes requiring a photon for the propagation step.
rex.obo
REX:0000267
photopolymerization
Polymerization processes requiring a photon for the propagation step.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04648.html
A polymerization in which the number of cyclic structures in the constitutional units of the resulting macromolecules is larger than in the monomer molecules.
rex.obo
REX:0000268
cyclopolymerization
A polymerization in which the number of cyclic structures in the constitutional units of the resulting macromolecules is larger than in the monomer molecules.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01505.html
Polymerization in which a homopolymer is formed.
rex.obo
REX:0000269
homopolymerization
Polymerization in which a homopolymer is formed.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/H02855.html
Polymerization in which a copolymer is formed.
rex.obo
REX:0000270
copolymerization
Polymerization in which a copolymer is formed.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01336.html
Polymerization in which a graft copolymer is formed.
rex.obo
REX:0000271
graft copolymerization
Polymerization in which a graft copolymer is formed.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02676.html
A copolymerization which is a ring-opening polymerization with respect to at least one monomer.
rex.obo
REX:0000272
ring-opening copolymerization
A copolymerization which is a ring-opening polymerization with respect to at least one monomer.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05395.html
A copolymerization which is an ionic polymerization.
rex.obo
REX:0000273
ionic copolymerization
A copolymerization which is an ionic polymerization.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03176.html
A copolymerization which is a living polymerization.
rex.obo
REX:0000274
living copolymerization
A copolymerization which is a living polymerization.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03596.html
A copolymerization which is a radical polymerization.
rex.obo
REX:0000275
radical copolymerization
A copolymerization which is a radical polymerization.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05071.html
The process of converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into an oligomer.
rex.obo
REX:0000276
oligomerization
The process of converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into an oligomer.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04285.html
The formation of an addition oligomer, having uniform end groups X' ... X'', by a chain reaction in which a chain transfer limits the length of the polymer ('telomer') produced.
rex.obo
REX:0000277
telomerization
The formation of an addition oligomer, having uniform end groups X' ... X'', by a chain reaction in which a chain transfer limits the length of the polymer ('telomer') produced.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06260.html
Adsorption initiated by light absorbed either by the adsorbate or by the adsorbent. Often it is considered as a chemical step (primary) in a heterogeneous photocatalytic reaction.
rex.obo
REX:0000278
photoadsorption
Adsorption initiated by light absorbed either by the adsorbate or by the adsorbent. Often it is considered as a chemical step (primary) in a heterogeneous photocatalytic reaction.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04577.html
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
Desorption of an adsorbate as a result of exposure to light.
rex.obo
REX:0000279
photodesorption
Desorption of an adsorbate as a result of exposure to light.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04577.html
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04596.html
Catalysis occurring under the action of quanta of ionizing radiation absorbed by the radiocatalytic substance (radiocatalyst).
rex.obo
REX:0000280
radiocatalysis
Catalysis occurring under the action of quanta of ionizing radiation absorbed by the radiocatalytic substance (radiocatalyst).
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
Desorption of a substrate from solid or liquid interfaces induced by absorption of high-energy radiation by the solid or liquid adsorbent.
rex.obo
REX:0000281
radiodesorption
Desorption of a substrate from solid or liquid interfaces induced by absorption of high-energy radiation by the solid or liquid adsorbent.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
Adsorption of a substance at solid or liquid interfaces induced by absorption of high-energy radiation by the solid or liquid adsorbent.
rex.obo
REX:0000282
radioadsorption
Adsorption of a substance at solid or liquid interfaces induced by absorption of high-energy radiation by the solid or liquid adsorbent.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
Radiocatalysis under the action of large radiation fluxes that simultaneously heat the system as a consequence of the absorption of radiation energy.
rex.obo
REX:0000283
radiothermal catalysis
Radiocatalysis under the action of large radiation fluxes that simultaneously heat the system as a consequence of the absorption of radiation energy.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
A chemical reaction caused by absorption of high-energy radiation.
rex.obo
REX:0000284
radiochemical reaction
A chemical reaction caused by absorption of high-energy radiation.
EBI:kid
The cleavage of one or several bonds resulting from exposure to high-energy
radiation.
rex.obo
REX:0000285
radiolysis
The cleavage of one or several bonds resulting from exposure to high-energy
radiation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05112.html
Radiolysis of a radioactive material resulting directly or indirectly from its radioactive decay.
rex.obo
REX:0000286
autoradiolysis
Radiolysis of a radioactive material resulting directly or indirectly from its radioactive decay.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00534.html
A spontaneous transition between two isomeric states of a nucleus.
rex.obo
REX:0000287
isomeric transition
A spontaneous transition between two isomeric states of a nucleus.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03293.html
The simultaneous formation of an electron and a positron as a result of the interaction of a photon of sufficient energy (> 1.02 MeV) with the field of a particle.
rex.obo
pair production
REX:0000288
electron-positron pair production
The simultaneous formation of an electron and a positron as a result of the interaction of a photon of sufficient energy (> 1.02 MeV) with the field of a particle.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04398.html
Ionization of any species by causing interaction of the sample (which may be dissolved in a solvent matrix) and a beam of neutral atoms having high translational energy.
rex.obo
REX:0000289
fast atom bombardment ionization
Ionization of any species by causing interaction of the sample (which may be dissolved in a solvent matrix) and a beam of neutral atoms having high translational energy.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/F02327.html
Spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment.
rex.obo
REX:0000290
luminescence
Spontaneous emission of radiation from an electronically or vibrationally excited species not in thermal equilibrium with its environment.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03641.html
Luminescence arising from excitation by high energy particles or radiation.
rex.obo
REX:0000291
radioluminescence
Luminescence arising from excitation by high energy particles or radiation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05111.html
Luminescence decaying more slowly than that expected from the rate of decay of the emitting state.
rex.obo
REX:0000292
delayed luminescence
Luminescence decaying more slowly than that expected from the rate of decay of the emitting state.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01580.html
rex.obo
REX:0000293
delayed fluorescence
Emission of radiation resulting from a chemical reaction.
rex.obo
REX:0000294
chemiluminescence
Emission of radiation resulting from a chemical reaction.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01045.html
Luminescence produced by electrode reactions.
rex.obo
ECL
electrochemiluminescence
electroluminescence
REX:0000295
electrogenerated chemiluminescence
Luminescence produced by electrode reactions.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01966.html
Luminescence resulting from the rubbing together of the surface of certain solids.
rex.obo
REX:0000296
triboluminescence
Luminescence resulting from the rubbing together of the surface of certain solids.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06499.html
Luminescence induced by sound waves.
rex.obo
REX:0000297
sonoluminescence
Luminescence induced by sound waves.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05767.html
Luminescence produced by living systems.
rex.obo
REX:0000298
bioluminescence
Luminescence produced by living systems.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00659.html
Luminescence arising from a reaction between species trapped in a rigid matrix and released as a result of an increase in temperature.
rex.obo
REX:0000299
thermoluminescence
Luminescence arising from a reaction between species trapped in a rigid matrix and released as a result of an increase in temperature.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06325.html
Luminescence observed when certain solids are subjected to a change in pressure.
rex.obo
REX:0000300
piezoluminescence
Luminescence observed when certain solids are subjected to a change in pressure.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04672.html
Any loss of energy by an excited molecular entity.
rex.obo
REX:0000301
deactivation
Any loss of energy by an excited molecular entity.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01528.html
The loss of electronic excitation energy without photon emission or chemical change.
rex.obo
non-radiative decay
radiationless decay
REX:0000302
radiationless deactivation
The loss of electronic excitation energy without photon emission or chemical change.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05056.html
Radiative deactivation of an excited state; transfer of energy from a molecular entity to an electromagnetic field.
rex.obo
REX:0000303
emission
Radiative deactivation of an excited state; transfer of energy from a molecular entity to an electromagnetic field.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02056.html
An isoenergetic radiationless transition between two electronic states having different multiplicities. It often results in a vibrationally excited molecular entity in the lower electronic state, which then usually deactivates to its lowest vibrational level.
rex.obo
REX:0000304
intersystem crossing
An isoenergetic radiationless transition between two electronic states having different multiplicities. It often results in a vibrationally excited molecular entity in the lower electronic state, which then usually deactivates to its lowest vibrational level.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03123.html
An isoenenergetic radiationless transition between two electronic states of the same multiplicity. When the transition results in a vibrationally excited molecular entity in the lower electronic state, this usually undergoes deactivation to its lowest vibrational level, provided the final state is not unstable to dissociation.
rex.obo
REX:0000305
internal conversion (in photophysics)
An isoenenergetic radiationless transition between two electronic states of the same multiplicity. When the transition results in a vibrationally excited molecular entity in the lower electronic state, this usually undergoes deactivation to its lowest vibrational level, provided the final state is not unstable to dissociation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03102.html
A transition between two states of a system without photon emission or absorption.
rex.obo
non-radiative transition
REX:0000306
radiationless transition
A transition between two states of a system without photon emission or absorption.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05057.html
A transition between two states of a molecular entity, the energy difference being emitted or absorbed as photons.
rex.obo
REX:0000307
radiative transition
A transition between two states of a molecular entity, the energy difference being emitted or absorbed as photons.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05065.html
The process in which the first excited singlet state becomes populated by a thermally activated radiationless transition from the first excited triplet state. Since in this case the populations of the singlet and triplet states are in thermal equilibrium, the lifetimes of delayed fluorescence and the concomitant phosphorescence are equal.
rex.obo
REX:0000308
E-type delayed fluorescence
The process in which the first excited singlet state becomes populated by a thermally activated radiationless transition from the first excited triplet state. Since in this case the populations of the singlet and triplet states are in thermal equilibrium, the lifetimes of delayed fluorescence and the concomitant phosphorescence are equal.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01579.html
The process in which the first excited singlet state is populated by interaction of two molecules in the triplet state (triplet-triplet annihilation) thus producing one molecule in the excited singlet state. In this biphotonic process the lifetime of delayed fluorescence is half the value of the concomitant phosphorescence.
rex.obo
REX:0000309
P-type delayed fluorescence
The process in which the first excited singlet state is populated by interaction of two molecules in the triplet state (triplet-triplet annihilation) thus producing one molecule in the excited singlet state. In this biphotonic process the lifetime of delayed fluorescence is half the value of the concomitant phosphorescence.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01579.html
The process in which the first excited singlet state becomes populated by recombination of radical ions with electrons or by recombination of radical ions of opposite charge.
rex.obo
REX:0000310
recombination fluorescence
The process in which the first excited singlet state becomes populated by recombination of radical ions with electrons or by recombination of radical ions of opposite charge.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01579.html
Triplet-triplet or singlet-singlet annihilation to form one molecular entity in its excited singlet state and another molecular entity in its electronic ground state.
rex.obo
REX:0000311
P-type delayed luminescence
Triplet-triplet or singlet-singlet annihilation to form one molecular entity in its excited singlet state and another molecular entity in its electronic ground state.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01580.html
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence involving reversible intersystem crossing.
rex.obo
REX:0000312
E-type delayed luminescence
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence involving reversible intersystem crossing.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01580.html
A process in which, under the influence of a suitable driving force (e.g. provided by photoexcitation), electronic charge moves in a direction that increases the difference in local charges between donor and acceptor sites.
rex.obo
REX:0000313
charge separation
A process in which, under the influence of a suitable driving force (e.g. provided by photoexcitation), electronic charge moves in a direction that increases the difference in local charges between donor and acceptor sites.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00999.html
Reverse of charge separation.
rex.obo
REX:0000314
charge recombination
Reverse of charge separation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C00998.html
Separation of the constituents of an ion pair into free ions.
rex.obo
REX:0000315
ion pair dissociation
Separation of the constituents of an ion pair into free ions.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/D01801.html
The recombination of a pair of ions R(+) and Z(-) formed from ionization of RZ.
rex.obo
ion pair return
REX:0000316
ion-pair return
The recombination of a pair of ions R(+) and Z(-) formed from ionization of RZ.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03233.html
If the ions are paired as a tight ion pair and recombine without prior separation into a loose ion pair this is called internal ion-pair return.
rex.obo
internal return
REX:0000317
internal ion-pair return
If the ions are paired as a tight ion pair and recombine without prior separation into a loose ion pair this is called internal ion-pair return.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/I03107.html
If the ions are paired as a loose ion pair and form the covalent chemical species via a tight ion pair, this is called external ion-pair return.
rex.obo
external return
REX:0000318
external ion-pair return
If the ions are paired as a loose ion pair and form the covalent chemical species via a tight ion pair, this is called external ion-pair return.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02286.html
The reaction of two transient species produced from a common precursor in solution with each other.
rex.obo
REX:0000319
geminate recombination
The reaction of two transient species produced from a common precursor in solution with each other.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02603.html
Geminate recombination occurring before any separation of two transient species by diffusion has occurred.
rex.obo
REX:0000320
primary geminate recombination
Geminate recombination occurring before any separation of two transient species by diffusion has occurred.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02603.html
If the mutually reactive entities have been separated, and come together by diffusion, this is termed secondary geminate recombination.
rex.obo
REX:0000321
secondary geminate recombination
If the mutually reactive entities have been separated, and come together by diffusion, this is termed secondary geminate recombination.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02603.html
Transfer of excitation from an electronically excited donor in a singlet state to produce an electronically excited acceptor in a triplet state.
rex.obo
REX:0000322
singlet-triplet energy transfer
Transfer of excitation from an electronically excited donor in a singlet state to produce an electronically excited acceptor in a triplet state.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05701.html
Two atoms or molecular entities both in an excited electronic state interact often (usually upon collision) to produce one atom or molecular entity in an excited electronic state and another in its ground electronic state.
rex.obo
annihilation
energy pooling
excitation energy annihilation
exciton annihilation
REX:0000323
excitation annihilation
Two atoms or molecular entities both in an excited electronic state interact often (usually upon collision) to produce one atom or molecular entity in an excited electronic state and another in its ground electronic state.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00366.html
rex.obo
REX:0000324
singlet-singlet annihilation
Two atoms or molecular entities both in a triplet state often interact (usually upon collision) to produce one atom or molecular entity in an excited singlet state and another in its ground singlet state. This is often, but not always, followed by delayed fluorescence.
rex.obo
REX:0000325
triplet-triplet annihilation
Two atoms or molecular entities both in a triplet state often interact (usually upon collision) to produce one atom or molecular entity in an excited singlet state and another in its ground singlet state. This is often, but not always, followed by delayed fluorescence.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06505.html
rex.obo
REX:0000326
particle-antiparticle pair production
Absorption which results in the transition from the singlet ground state of the molecule into singlet excited states and leads to the UV/visible absorption spectrum.
rex.obo
REX:0000327
singlet-singlet absorption
Absorption which results in the transition from the singlet ground state of the molecule into singlet excited states and leads to the UV/visible absorption spectrum.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05696.html
Absorption which takes place with the transition from the singlet ground state of the molecule to triplet states and results in the singlet-triplet absorption spectrum.
rex.obo
REX:0000328
singlet-triplet absorption
Absorption which takes place with the transition from the singlet ground state of the molecule to triplet states and results in the singlet-triplet absorption spectrum.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05700.html
The transfer of energy from an electromagnetic field to an entity (molecular or otherwise).
rex.obo
absorption (of electromagnetic radiation)
light absorption
REX:0000329
photoabsorption
The transfer of energy from an electromagnetic field to an entity (molecular or otherwise).
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
Absorption which takes place with the transition from the lowest triplet state of the molecule to higher triplet states thus leading to the triplet-triplet absorption spectrum.
rex.obo
REX:0000330
triplet-triplet absorption
Absorption which takes place with the transition from the lowest triplet state of the molecule to higher triplet states thus leading to the triplet-triplet absorption spectrum.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06504.html
If a system is disturbed from its state of equilibrium it relaxes to that state, and the process is referred to as relaxation.
rex.obo
REX:0000331
relaxation
If a system is disturbed from its state of equilibrium it relaxes to that state, and the process is referred to as relaxation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05285.html
Excitation resulting from successive or simultaneous absorption of two photons by an atom or molecular entity.
rex.obo
REX:0000332
two-photon excitation
Excitation resulting from successive or simultaneous absorption of two photons by an atom or molecular entity.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06541.html
The simultaneous two-photon absorption.
rex.obo
REX:0000333
biphotonic excitation
The simultaneous two-photon absorption.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06541.html
rex.obo
REX:0000334
proton-antiproton pair production
rex.obo
REX:0000335
neutron-antineutron pair production
An interaction between a particle and its antiparticle in which they both disappear.
rex.obo
REX:0000336
annihilation
An interaction between a particle and its antiparticle in which they both disappear.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00366.html
Movement of material from one location in solution to another as might arise either from differences in electrical or chemical potential at the two locations, or from movement of a volume element of solution.
rex.obo
REX:0000337
mass transfer
Movement of material from one location in solution to another as might arise either from differences in electrical or chemical potential at the two locations, or from movement of a volume element of solution.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
The motion of colloidal particles in an electric field.
rex.obo
REX:0000338
electrophoresis
The motion of colloidal particles in an electric field.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02022.html
rex.obo
REX:0000339
chelatase reaction
EC:4.99.1.1
GO:0004325
rex.obo
REX:0000340
ferrochelatase reaction
EC:4.99.1.3
rex.obo
REX:0000341
sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase reaction
EC:6.6.1.1
rex.obo
REX:0000342
magnesium chelatase reaction
EC:6.6.1.2
rex.obo
REX:0000343
cobaltochelatase reaction
EC:6.6.1
rex.obo
REX:0000344
ATP-hydrolysing chelatase reaction
If the equilibrium mixture of a chemical reaction is disturbed by a sudden change, especially of some external parameter (such as temperature, pressure or electrical field strength), the system will readjust itself to a new position of the chemical equilibrium or return to the original position, if the perturbation is temporary. The readjustment is known as chemical relaxation.
rex.obo
REX:0000345
chemical relaxation
If the equilibrium mixture of a chemical reaction is disturbed by a sudden change, especially of some external parameter (such as temperature, pressure or electrical field strength), the system will readjust itself to a new position of the chemical equilibrium or return to the original position, if the perturbation is temporary. The readjustment is known as chemical relaxation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01035.html
The loss of vibrational excitation energy by a molecular entity through energy transfer to the environment caused by collisions. The molecular entity relaxes into vibrational equilibrium with its environment.
rex.obo
REX:0000346
vibrational relaxation
The loss of vibrational excitation energy by a molecular entity through energy transfer to the environment caused by collisions. The molecular entity relaxes into vibrational equilibrium with its environment.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/V06615.html
Fluorescence from the primary excited atomic or molecular species at the wavelength of the exciting radiation (no relaxation within the excited manifold).
rex.obo
REX:0000347
resonance fluorescence
Fluorescence from the primary excited atomic or molecular species at the wavelength of the exciting radiation (no relaxation within the excited manifold).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05335.html
A process in which a change in direction or energy of an incident radiation is caused by interaction with a particle, a system of particles, or a photon.
rex.obo
REX:0000348
scattering
A process in which a change in direction or energy of an incident radiation is caused by interaction with a particle, a system of particles, or a photon.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05487.html
The redirection of a light beam due to interactions with molecules (Rayleigh and Raman scattering) and aerosols (Mie scattering).
rex.obo
REX:0000349
light scattering
The redirection of a light beam due to interactions with molecules (Rayleigh and Raman scattering) and aerosols (Mie scattering).
http://goldbook.iupac.org/L03525.html
Radiation may be scattered by its transmission through a medium containing particles. If the scatter results in no significant change in the wavelength relative to the primary radiation it is called elastic scattering. In cases where the scattering centres are small compared to the wavelength of the radiation the elastic scattering is called Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering if this condition is not fulfilled.
rex.obo
REX:0000350
elastic light scattering
Radiation may be scattered by its transmission through a medium containing particles. If the scatter results in no significant change in the wavelength relative to the primary radiation it is called elastic scattering. In cases where the scattering centres are small compared to the wavelength of the radiation the elastic scattering is called Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering if this condition is not fulfilled.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E01917.html
The scattering of light by particles and molecules which are much smaller than the wavelength of the light. In the ideal case, the process is one of pure dipole and induced dipole interactions with the electric field of the
light wave.
rex.obo
REX:0000351
Rayleigh scattering
The scattering of light by particles and molecules which are much smaller than the wavelength of the light. In the ideal case, the process is one of pure dipole and induced dipole interactions with the electric field of the
light wave.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05160.html
The scattering of electromagnetic radiation by spherical particles of any size r, relative to the wavelength, lambda.
rex.obo
REX:0000352
Mie scattering
The scattering of electromagnetic radiation by spherical particles of any size r, relative to the wavelength, lambda.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03919.html
The elastic scattering of a photon by an electron which afterwards occurs as a free electron. Part of the energy and momentum of the incident photon is transferred to the electron and the remaining part is carried away by the scattered photon.
rex.obo
Compton effect
REX:0000353
Compton scattering
The elastic scattering of a photon by an electron which afterwards occurs as a free electron. Part of the energy and momentum of the incident photon is transferred to the electron and the remaining part is carried away by the scattered photon.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01218.html
http://www.neutron.anl.gov/
rex.obo
REX:0000354
neutron scattering
rex.obo
REX:0000355
electron scattering
rex.obo
REX:0000356
elastic electron scattering
rex.obo
REX:0000357
inelastic electron scattering
rex.obo
REX:0000358
inelastic light scattering
PUBMED:963597
rex.obo
REX:0000359
elastic neutron scattering
rex.obo
REX:0000360
inelastic neutron scattering
rex.obo
REX:0000361
X-ray scattering
DOI:10.1107/S0567739480001155
rex.obo
REX:0000362
elastic X-ray scattering
rex.obo
REX:0000363
inelastic X-ray scattering
rex.obo
REX:0000364
elastic scattering
rex.obo
REX:0000365
inelastic scattering
rex.obo
Raman scattering
REX:0000366
Raman light scattering
rex.obo
Brillouin scattering
REX:0000367
Brillouin light scattering
A reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change is positive.
rex.obo
REX:0000368
endothermic reaction
A reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change is positive.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02095.html
A reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change is negative.
rex.obo
REX:0000369
exothermic reaction
A reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change is negative.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02269.html
A reaction for which the overall standard Gibbs energy change is negative.
rex.obo
exoergic reaction
REX:0000370
exergonic reaction
A reaction for which the overall standard Gibbs energy change is negative.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02262.html
rex.obo
REX:0000371
exothermic process
rex.obo
REX:0000372
endothermic process
A process occurring in a thermally insulated system, so that there is no flow of heat to or from the surroundings.
rex.obo
REX:0000373
adiabatic process
A process occurring in a thermally insulated system, so that there is no flow of heat to or from the surroundings.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00141.html
rex.obo
REX:0000374
migration
The (usually intramolecular) transfer of an atom or group during the course of a molecular rearrangement.
rex.obo
REX:0000375
atom migration
The (usually intramolecular) transfer of an atom or group during the course of a molecular rearrangement.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03920.html
The movement of a bond to a new position within the same molecular entity.
rex.obo
REX:0000376
bond migration
The movement of a bond to a new position within the same molecular entity.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03920.html
A combination of migration and insertion. The term is mainly used in organometallic chemistry.
rex.obo
REX:0000377
migratory insertion
A combination of migration and insertion. The term is mainly used in organometallic chemistry.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/M03924.html
The subsequent precipitation of a chemically different species upon the surface of an initial precipitate usually, but not necessarily, including a common ion.
rex.obo
REX:0000378
postprecipitation
The subsequent precipitation of a chemically different species upon the surface of an initial precipitate usually, but not necessarily, including a common ion.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04773.html
The reaction of triplet molecular oxygen with radicals formed photochemically.
rex.obo
REX:0000379
type I photooxygenation
The reaction of triplet molecular oxygen with radicals formed photochemically.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
The reaction of photochemically produced singlet molecular oxygen with molecular entities to give rise to oxygen containing molecular entities.
rex.obo
REX:0000380
type II photooxygenation
The reaction of photochemically produced singlet molecular oxygen with molecular entities to give rise to oxygen containing molecular entities.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
The photooxygenation reaction proceeding by electron transfer to produce the superoxide radical anion as the reactive species.
rex.obo
REX:0000381
type III photooxygenation
The photooxygenation reaction proceeding by electron transfer to produce the superoxide radical anion as the reactive species.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
A reaction initiated by photosensitization.
rex.obo
REX:0000382
photosensitized reaction
A reaction initiated by photosensitization.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
The process by which a photochemical change or photophysical process occurs in one (molecular) entity as a result of initial absorption of radiation by another
(molecular) entity called a photosensitizer. In mechanistic photochemistry, the term is limited to cases in which the photosensitizer is not consumed in the reaction.
rex.obo
REX:0000383
photosensitization
The process by which a photochemical change or photophysical process occurs in one (molecular) entity as a result of initial absorption of radiation by another
(molecular) entity called a photosensitizer. In mechanistic photochemistry, the term is limited to cases in which the photosensitizer is not consumed in the reaction.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
Catalysis occurring by the simultaneous or sequential action of light and thermal energy.
rex.obo
REX:0000384
photothermocatalysis
Catalysis occurring by the simultaneous or sequential action of light and thermal energy.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
A (photo)catalytic phenomenon that occurs in circumstances when the system is also heated by light.
rex.obo
REX:0000385
thermophotocatalysis
A (photo)catalytic phenomenon that occurs in circumstances when the system is also heated by light.
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
Catalysis occurring by the action of thermal energy.
rex.obo
REX:0000386
thermocatalysis
Catalysis occurring by the action of thermal energy.
EBI:kid
Radiocatalysis taking place under the e?ect of the simultaneous action of quanta of light and ionizing radiation. There is also the case when the ionizing radiation alone causes the emission of light that is chemically active (e.g., as may occur in the Cherenkov light emission).
rex.obo
REX:0000387
photoradiocatalysis
Radiocatalysis taking place under the e?ect of the simultaneous action of quanta of light and ionizing radiation. There is also the case when the ionizing radiation alone causes the emission of light that is chemically active (e.g., as may occur in the Cherenkov light emission).
http://www.photoenergy.org/ijp/glossary.pdf
A reaction which involves the enthalpy change.
rex.obo
REX:0000388
thermochemical reaction
A reaction which involves the enthalpy change.
EBI:kid
GO:0045289
rex.obo
luciferase
REX:0000389
luciferin monooxygenase reaction
EC:1.13.12.5
GO:0050248
rex.obo
REX:0000390
Renilla-luciferin 2-monooxygenase reaction
EC:1.13.12.6
GO:0047712
rex.obo
REX:0000391
Cypridina-luciferin 2-monooxygenase reaction
EC:1.13.12.7
GO:0047077
rex.obo
REX:0000392
Photinus-luciferin 4-monooxygenase (ATP-hydrolysing) reaction
EC:1.13.12.8
GO:0050397
rex.obo
REX:0000393
Watasenia-luciferin 2-monooxygenase reaction
EC:1.13.12.13
rex.obo
REX:0000394
Oplophorus-luciferin 2-monooxygenase reaction
EC:1.14.99.21
GO:0047098
rex.obo
REX:0000395
Latia-luciferin monooxygenase (demethylating) reaction
EC:1.14.14.3
GO:0047646
rex.obo
bacterial luciferase
REX:0000396
alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked) reaction
Any oxidoreductase reaction in which dioxygen is the electron acceptor.
rex.obo
REX:0000397
oxygenase reaction
Any oxidoreductase reaction in which dioxygen is the electron acceptor.
ISBN:0198506732
Oxidoreductase reaction involving incorporation of both atoms of dioxygen into the donor.
rex.obo
REX:0000398
dioxygenase reaction
Oxidoreductase reaction involving incorporation of both atoms of dioxygen into the donor.
EBI:kid
Any oxidoreductase reaction that brings about the incorporation of only one atom of oxygen from dioxygen into the donor.
GO:0004497
rex.obo
REX:0000399
monooxygenase reaction
Any oxidoreductase reaction that brings about the incorporation of only one atom of oxygen from dioxygen into the donor.
ISBN:0198506732
EC:1.13.11
GO:0016702
rex.obo
REX:0000400
single donor dioxygenase reaction
EC:1.13.12
GO:0016703
rex.obo
internal monooxygenase reaction
REX:0000401
single donor monooxygenase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000402
paired donor monooxygenase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000403
paired donor dioxygenase reaction
A chemical degradation reaction that is caused by thermal energy. The term pyrolysis generally refers to an inert environment.
rex.obo
REX:0000404
pyrolysis
A chemical degradation reaction that is caused by thermal energy. The term pyrolysis generally refers to an inert environment.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04961.html
A chemical reaction in which the oxidation of one reactant is coupled to the reduction of a second reactant.
rex.obo
oxidation-reduction
oxidoreduction
REX:0000405
redox reaction
A chemical reaction in which the oxidation of one reactant is coupled to the reduction of a second reactant.
ISBN:0198506732
ATP + H2O --> AMP + diphosphate
EC:3.6.1.8
GO:0047693
rex.obo
ATP diphosphohydrolase (diphosphate-forming)
REX:0000406
ATP diphosphatase reaction
ATP + H2O --> AMP + diphosphate
EC:3.6.1.8
ATP + H2O --> ADP + phosphate
GO:0016887
rex.obo
REX:0000407
ATPase reaction
ATP + H2O --> ADP + phosphate
GO:0016887
GO:0042626
rex.obo
REX:0000408
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transport
ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) --> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in)
EC:3.6.3.9
GO:0005391
rex.obo
ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+/K+-exchanging)
REX:0000409
Na+/K+-exchanging ATPase reaction
ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) --> ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in)
EC:3.6.3.9
Na+(in) --> Na+(out)
rex.obo
REX:0000410
Na+ export
Na+(in) --> Na+(out)
EBI:kid
K+(out) --> K+(in)
rex.obo
REX:0000411
K+ import
K+(out) --> K+(in)
EBI:kid
ATP + H2O + K+(out) --> ADP + phosphate + K+(in)
EC:3.6.3.12
GO:0008556
rex.obo
ATP phosphohydrolase (K+-importing)
REX:0000412
K+-transporting ATPase reaction
ATP + H2O + K+(out) --> ADP + phosphate + K+(in)
EC:3.6.3.12
Generally, reaction with a solvent, or with a lyonium ion or lyate ion, involving the rupture of one or more bonds in the reacting solute. More specifically the term is used for substitution, elimination and fragmentation reactions in which a solvent species is the nucleophile.
rex.obo
REX:0000413
solvolysis
Generally, reaction with a solvent, or with a lyonium ion or lyate ion, involving the rupture of one or more bonds in the reacting solute. More specifically the term is used for substitution, elimination and fragmentation reactions in which a solvent species is the nucleophile.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05762.html
Solvolysis by water.
rex.obo
REX:0000414
hydrolysis
Solvolysis by water.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/H02902.html
rex.obo
REX:0000415
solvolytic elimination
rex.obo
REX:0000416
solvolytic substitution
rex.obo
REX:0000417
nucleophilic solvolytic substitution
rex.obo
REX:0000418
nucleophilic solvolysis
A reaction, elementary or stepwise, in which one atom or group in a molecular entity is replaced by another atom or group.
rex.obo
REX:0000419
substitution reaction
A reaction, elementary or stepwise, in which one atom or group in a molecular entity is replaced by another atom or group.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/S06078.html
A heterolytic reaction in which the reagent supplying the entering group acts as an electrophile.
rex.obo
REX:0000420
electrophilic substitution reaction
A heterolytic reaction in which the reagent supplying the entering group acts as an electrophile.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02020.html
A heterolytic reaction in which the reagent supplying the entering group acts as a nucleophile.
rex.obo
REX:0000421
nucleophilic substitution reaction
A heterolytic reaction in which the reagent supplying the entering group acts as a nucleophile.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/N04249.html
A reaction proceeding by the movement of pairs of electrons from areas of high electron density (nucleophiles) to areas of low electron density (electrophiles), or from filled orbitals to empty orbitals.
rex.obo
REX:0000422
polar reaction
A reaction proceeding by the movement of pairs of electrons from areas of high electron density (nucleophiles) to areas of low electron density (electrophiles), or from filled orbitals to empty orbitals.
ISBN:0387985409
rex.obo
free-radical substitution
REX:0000423
homolytic substitution reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000424
heterolytic substitution reaction
rex.obo
SN2 mechanism
REX:0000425
bimolecular nucleophilic substitution
rex.obo
SN1 mechanism
REX:0000426
unimolecular nucleophilic substitution
A chemical reaction of two or more reacting molecular entities, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components, with formation of two chemical bonds and a net reduction in bond multiplicity in at least one of the reactants.
rex.obo
REX:0000427
addition reaction
A chemical reaction of two or more reacting molecular entities, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components, with formation of two chemical bonds and a net reduction in bond multiplicity in at least one of the reactants.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00133.html
rex.obo
REX:0000428
heterolytic addition reaction
rex.obo
free-radiacl addition
REX:0000429
homolytic addition reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000430
electrophilic addition
rex.obo
REX:0000431
nucleophilic addition
rex.obo
simultaneous addition
REX:0000432
pericyclic addition reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000433
pericyclic reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000434
elimination reaction
The insertion of a metal of a metal complex into a covalent bond involving formally an overall two-electron loss on one metal or a one-electron loss on each of two metals.
rex.obo
REX:0000435
oxidative addition
The insertion of a metal of a metal complex into a covalent bond involving formally an overall two-electron loss on one metal or a one-electron loss on each of two metals.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/O04367.html
The reverse of oxidative addition.
rex.obo
REX:0000436
reductive elimination
The reverse of oxidative addition.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05223.html
rex.obo
SE1 mechanism
REX:0000437
unimolecular electrophilic substitution
rex.obo
SE2 mechanism
REX:0000438
bimolecular electrophilic substitution
rex.obo
REX:0000439
electrocyclic reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000440
sigmatropic rearrangement
rex.obo
REX:0000441
ene reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000442
electrocyclic ring closing
rex.obo
REX:0000443
electrocyclic ring opening
The reverse of oxidation.
rex.obo
REX:0000444
reduction
The reverse of oxidation.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/R05222.html
rex.obo
REX:0000445
oxidation
The incorporation of molecular oxygen into a substrate.
rex.obo
REX:0000446
oxygenation
The incorporation of molecular oxygen into a substrate.
EBI:kid
rex.obo
REX:0000447
dehydrogenase reaction
Oxidation of an organic compound by the removal of one or more hydrogen atoms.
rex.obo
REX:0000448
dehydrogenation
Oxidation of an organic compound by the removal of one or more hydrogen atoms.
ISBN:0198506732
Reduction of an organic compound by the addition of the hydrogen atoms or dihydrogen.
rex.obo
REX:0000449
hydrogenation
Reduction of an organic compound by the addition of the hydrogen atoms or dihydrogen.
ISBN:0198506732
rex.obo
photochemical hydrogenation
REX:0000450
photohydrogenation
rex.obo
photochemical electronation
REX:0000451
photoelectronation
rex.obo
REX:0000452
solvent transport
The spontaneous net flow of solvent by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane from a phase where the solvent has a higher chemical potential to one where the solvent has a lower chemical potential.
rex.obo
REX:0000453
osmosis
The spontaneous net flow of solvent by diffusion through a semipermeable membrane from a phase where the solvent has a higher chemical potential to one where the solvent has a lower chemical potential.
ISBN:0198506732
The motion of a liquid through a membrane as a consequence of the application of an electric field across the membrane.
rex.obo
electro-endosmosis
electrosmosis
REX:0000454
electro-osmosis
The motion of a liquid through a membrane as a consequence of the application of an electric field across the membrane.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/E02016.html
rex.obo
REX:0000455
membrane process
rex.obo
REX:0000456
biological membrane process
Any movement of substances or electrons across a biological membrane.
rex.obo
REX:0000457
biological membrane transport
Any movement of substances or electrons across a biological membrane.
EBI:kid
rex.obo
REX:0000458
transport
GO:0006944
rex.obo
REX:0000459
biological membrane fusion
rex.obo
REX:0000460
pseudo-catalytic reaction
Increase the rate of the reaction by one of the reactant that is present in nearly constant concentration but is consumed during the process.
rex.obo
REX:0000461
pseudo-catalysis
Increase the rate of the reaction by one of the reactant that is present in nearly constant concentration but is consumed during the process.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04924.html
rex.obo
REX:0000462
general acid pseudo-catalysis
rex.obo
REX:0000463
general base pseudo-catalysis
EC:4.99.1.2
GO:0018836
rex.obo
REX:0000464
alkylmercury lyase reaction
EC:1.1
rex.obo
REX:0000465
alcohol:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction
ethanol + NAD+ --> acetaldehyde + NADH + H+
EC:1.1.1.1
rex.obo
ethanol dehydrogenase
REX:0000466
ethanol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction
ethanol + NAD+ --> acetaldehyde + NADH + H+
EBI:kid
ethanol --> acetaldehyde + 2 e- + 2 H+
rex.obo
REX:0000467
ethanol dehydrogenation
ethanol --> acetaldehyde + 2 e- + 2 H+
EBI:kid
NAD+ + 2 e- + H+ --> NADH
rex.obo
REX:0000468
NAD+ reduction
NAD+ + 2 e- + H+ --> NADH
EBI:kid
EC:1.1.1
rex.obo
REX:0000469
alcohol:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000470
alcohol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction
EC:1.1.1.2
rex.obo
REX:0000471
alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000472
donor:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000473
donor:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000474
donor:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction
NADP+ + 2 e- + H+ --> NADPH
rex.obo
REX:0000475
NADP+ reduction
NADP+ + 2 e- + H+ --> NADPH
EBI:kid
NAD(P)+ + 2 e- + H+ --> NAD(P)H
rex.obo
REX:0000476
NAD(P)+ reduction
NAD(P)+ + 2 e- + H+ --> NAD(P)H
EBI:kid
methanol + NAD+ --> formaldehyde + NADH + H+
rex.obo
methanol dehydrogenase
methanol:NAD+ oxidoreductase
REX:0000477
methanol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction
methanol + NAD+ --> formaldehyde + NADH + H+
EC:1.1.1.244
methanol --> formaldehyde + 2 e- + 2 H+
rex.obo
REX:0000478
methanol dehydrogenation
methanol --> formaldehyde + 2 e- + 2 H+
EBI:kid
an aromatic alcohol + NADP+ --> an aromatic aldehyde + NADPH + H+
rex.obo
aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
aryl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
REX:0000479
aryl-alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction
an aromatic alcohol + NADP+ --> an aromatic aldehyde + NADPH + H+
EC:1.1.1.91
propan-2-ol + NADP+ --> acetone + NADPH + H+
rex.obo
isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP+)
propan-2-ol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
REX:0000480
propan-2-ol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction
propan-2-ol + NADP+ --> acetone + NADPH + H+
EC:1.1.1.80
an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ --> an aromatic aldehyde + NADH + H+
rex.obo
REX:0000481
aryl-alcohol:NAD+ dehydrogenase reaction
an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ --> an aromatic aldehyde + NADH + H+
EC:1.1.1.90
an alcohol + NAD+ --> an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+
rex.obo
REX:0000482
aliphatic alcohol:NAD+ dehydrogenase
an alcohol + NAD+ --> an aldehyde or ketone + NADH + H+
EC:1.1.1.1
3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ --> 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADPH + H+
rex.obo
3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase
REX:0000483
3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol:NADP+ dehydrogenase reaction
3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ --> 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NADPH + H+
EC:1.1.1.97
3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol --> 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 2 e- + 2 H+
rex.obo
REX:0000484
3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenation
3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol --> 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + 2 e- + 2 H+
EBI:kid
R-CH(OH)-R' --> R-C(O)-R' + 2 e- + 2 H+
rex.obo
REX:0000485
alcohol dehydrogenation
R-CH(OH)-R' --> R-C(O)-R' + 2 e- + 2 H+
EBI:kid
R-CH2OH --> R-C(O)H + 2 e- + 2 H+
rex.obo
REX:0000486
primary alcohol dehydrogenation
R-CH2OH --> R-C(O)H + 2 e- + 2 H+
EBI:kid
R-CH(OH)-R' --> R-C(O)-R' + 2 e- + 2 H+
rex.obo
REX:0000487
secondary alcohol dehydrogenation
R-CH(OH)-R' --> R-C(O)-R' + 2 e- + 2 H+
EBI:kid
propan-2-ol --> acetone + 2 e- + 2 H+
rex.obo
REX:0000488
propan-2-ol dehydrogenation
propan-2-ol --> acetone + 2 e- + 2 H+
EBI:kid
rex.obo
REX:0000489
aryl-alcohol:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction
The formation or presence of bonds between two or more separate binding sites within the same ligand and a single central atom.
rex.obo
REX:0000490
chelation
The formation or presence of bonds between two or more separate binding sites within the same ligand and a single central atom.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01012.html
rex.obo
REX:0000491
donor:hemoprotein oxidoreductase reaction
EC:1.1.2
rex.obo
REX:0000492
alcohol:cytochrome dehydrogenase reaction
EC:1.1.3
rex.obo
REX:0000493
alcohol:oxygen dehydrogenase reaction
EC:1.1.5
rex.obo
REX:0000494
alcohol:quinone dehydrogenase reaction
EC:1.2
rex.obo
REX:0000495
carbonyl:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction
EC:1.2.1
rex.obo
REX:0000496
carbonyl:NAD(P)+ dehydrogenase reaction
EC:1.2.2
rex.obo
REX:0000497
carbonyl:cytochrome dehydrogenase reaction
EC:1.2.3
rex.obo
REX:0000498
carbonyl:oxygen dehydrogenase reaction
EC:1.2.7
rex.obo
REX:0000499
carbonyl:ferredoxin dehydrogenase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000500
donor:iron protein oxidoreductase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000501
donor:iron-sulfur protein oxidoreductase reaction
EC:1.6
rex.obo
REX:0000502
NAD(P)H:acceptor dehydrogenase reaction
EC:1.6.1
rex.obo
REX:0000503
NAD(P)H:NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase reaction
EC:1.6.2
rex.obo
REX:0000504
NAD(P)H:hemoprotein dehydrogenase reaction
EC:1.6.3
rex.obo
REX:0000505
NAD(P)H:oxygen dehydrogenase reaction
NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 --> NAD(P)+ + H2O2
rex.obo
NAD(P)H oxidase
NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase
REX:0000506
NAD(P)H oxidase reaction
NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 --> NAD(P)+ + H2O2
EC:1.6.3.1
EC:1.6.5
rex.obo
REX:0000507
NAD(P)H:quinone dehydrogenase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000508
donor:cytochrome oxidoreductase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000509
donor:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000510
donor:quinone oxidoreductase reaction
EC:1.16
rex.obo
REX:0000511
metal oxidoreductase reaction
EC:1.16.1
rex.obo
REX:0000512
metal:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction
EC:1.16.3
rex.obo
REX:0000513
metal:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction
4 Fe(2+) + 4 H+ + O2 --> 4 Fe(3+) + 2 H2O
EC:1.16.3.1
rex.obo
Fe(II):oxygen oxidoreductase
ferroxidase
REX:0000514
ferroxidase reaction
4 Fe(2+) + 4 H+ + O2 --> 4 Fe(3+) + 2 H2O
EC:1.16.3.1
EC:1.16.8
rex.obo
REX:0000515
metal:flavin oxidoreductase reaction
2 cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + FMN --> 2 cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + FMNH2
EC:1.16.8.1
rex.obo
cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase
cob(II)yrinic acid-a,c-diamide:FMN oxidoreductase
REX:0000516
cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide reductase reaction
2 cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + FMN --> 2 cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + FMNH2
EC:1.16.8.1
rex.obo
REX:0000517
donor:flavin oxidoreductase reaction
Hg2+ + NADPH --> Hg + NADP+ + H+
EC:1.16.1.1
rex.obo
Hg:NADP+ oxidoreductase
mercury(II) reductase
REX:0000518
NADPH:mercury oxidoreductase reaction
Hg2+ + NADPH --> Hg + NADP+ + H+
EBI:kid
rex.obo
REX:0000519
NAD(P)H:metal oxidoreductase reaction
cyanocob(III)alamin + NADPH + H+ --> cob(I)alamin + cyanide + NADP+
EC:1.16.1.6
rex.obo
cyanocobalamin reductase (cyanide-eliminating)
REX:0000520
NADPH:cyanocobalamin oxidoreductase reaction
cyanocob(III)alamin + NADPH + H+ --> cob(I)alamin + cyanide + NADP+
EBI:kid
transferrin[Fe(III)]2 + NADH + H+ --> transferrin[Fe(II)]2 + NAD+
EC:1.16.1.2
rex.obo
REX:0000521
NADH:diferric-transferrin oxidoreductase reaction
transferrin[Fe(III)]2 + NADH + H+ --> transferrin[Fe(II)]2 + NAD+
EBI:kid
2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADH + H+ --> 2 cob(II)alamin + NAD+
EC:1.16.1.3
rex.obo
aquacobalamin reductase
REX:0000522
NADH:aquacobalamin oxidoreductase reaction
2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADH + H+ --> 2 cob(II)alamin + NAD+
EBI:kid
cob(II)alamin + NADH + H+ --> 2 cob(I)alamin + NAD+
EC:1.16.1.4
rex.obo
cob(II)alamin reductase
REX:0000523
NADH:cob(II)alamin oxidoreductase reaction
cob(II)alamin + NADH + H+ --> 2 cob(I)alamin + NAD+
EBI:kid
2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADPH + H+ --> 2 cob(II)alamin + NADP+
EC:1.16.1.5
rex.obo
aquacobalamin reductase (NADPH)
REX:0000524
NADPH:aquacobalamin oxidoreductase reaction
2 aquacob(III)alamin + NADPH + H+ --> 2 cob(II)alamin + NADP+
EBI:kid
2 Fe(III) + NADH + H+ --> 2 Fe(II) + NAD+
EC:1.16.1.7
rex.obo
ferric-chelate reductase
iron chelate reductase
REX:0000525
NADH:ferric-chelate oxidoreductase reaction
2 Fe(III) + NADH + H+ --> 2 Fe(II) + NAD+
EBI:kid
2 [methionine synthase]-cob(II)alamin + NADPH + H+ + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine --> 2 [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin + 2 S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+
EC:1.16.1.8
rex.obo
[methionine synthase] reductase
REX:0000526
NADPH:[methionine synthase] oxidoreductase reaction
2 [methionine synthase]-cob(II)alamin + NADPH + H+ + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine --> 2 [methionine synthase]-methylcob(I)alamin + 2 S-adenosylhomocysteine + NADP+
EBI:kid
rex.obo
REX:0000527
hemoprotein oxidoreductase reaction
EC:1.9.3
rex.obo
REX:0000528
hemoprotein:oxygen oxidoreductase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000529
hemoprotein:nitrate oxidoreductase reaction
ferrocytochrome + nitrate --> ferricytochrome + nitrite
EC:1.9.6.1
rex.obo
ferrocytochrome:nitrate oxidoreductase
nitrate reductase (cytochrome)
REX:0000530
ferrocytochrome:nitrate reductase reaction
ferrocytochrome + nitrate --> ferricytochrome + nitrite
EC:1.9.6.1
4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 --> 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O
EC:1.9.3.1
rex.obo
cytochrome-c oxidase
ferrocytochrome-c:oxygen oxidoreductase
REX:0000531
cytochrome-c oxidase reaction
4 ferrocytochrome c + O2 --> 4 ferricytochrome c + 2 H2O
EC:1.9.3.1
rex.obo
REX:0000532
NADPH:metal oxidoreductase reaction
rex.obo
REX:0000533
NADH:metal oxidoreductase reaction
EC:1.12
rex.obo
dihydrogenase reaction
REX:0000534
hydrogenase reaction
H2 + NAD(P)+ --> H+ + NAD(P)H
EC:1.12.1
rex.obo
REX:0000535
hydrogen:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase reaction
H2 + NAD(P)+ --> H+ + NAD(P)H
EBI:kid
H2 + NAD+ --> H+ + NADH
EC:1.12.1.2
rex.obo
hydrogen dehydrogenase
hydrogen:NAD+ oxidoreductase
REX:0000536
hydrogen:NAD+ oxidoreductase reaction
H2 + NAD+ --> H+ + NADH
EC:1.12.1.2
H2 + NADP+ --> H+ + NADPH
EC:1.12.1.3
rex.obo
hydrogen dehydrogenase (NADP+)
hydrogen:NADP+ oxidoreductase
REX:0000537
hydrogen:NADP+ oxidoreductase reaction
H2 + NADP+ --> H+ + NADPH
EC:1.12.1.3
EC:1.12.2
rex.obo
REX:0000538
hydrogen:cytochrome oxidoreductase reaction
2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 --> 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3
EC:1.12.2.1
rex.obo
H2:ferricytochrome c3 oxidoreductase
cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase
REX:0000539
hydrogen:ferricytochrome-c3 oxidoreductase reaction
2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 --> 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3
EC:1.12.2.1
EC:1.12.5
rex.obo
REX:0000540
hydrogen:quinone oxidoreductase reaction
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 --> divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
EC:1.14.13.81
GO:0048529
rex.obo
REX:0000541
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase reaction
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + 3 NADPH + 3 H+ + 3 O2 --> divinylprotochlorophyllide + 3 NADP+ + 5 H2O
GO:0048529
H2 + oxidized ferredoxin --> reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
EC:1.12.7.2
rex.obo
REX:0000542
hydrogen:ferredoxin oxidoreductase reaction
H2 + oxidized ferredoxin --> reduced ferredoxin + 2 H+
EC:1.12.7.2
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 --> 13(1)-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
rex.obo
REX:0000543
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester hydroxylase reaction
magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 --> 13(1)-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + H2O
EC:1.14.13.81
13(1)-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 --> 13(1)-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + 2 H2O
rex.obo
REX:0000544
13(1)-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester dehydrogenase reaction
13(1)-hydroxy-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 --> 13(1)-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADP+ + 2 H2O
EC:1.14.13.81
13(1)-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 --> divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
rex.obo
REX:0000545
13(1)-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester cyclase reaction
13(1)-oxo-magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester + NADPH + H+ + O2 --> divinylprotochlorophyllide + NADP+ + 2 H2O
EC:1.14.13.81
The process by which a particle or a set of particles crosses a barrier on its potential-energy surface without having the energy required to surmount this barrier.
rex.obo
quantum tunneling
quantum tunnelling
quantum-mechanical tunnelling
tunneling
REX:0000546
tunnelling
The process by which a particle or a set of particles crosses a barrier on its potential-energy surface without having the energy required to surmount this barrier.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/T06531.html
rex.obo
REX:0000547
proton tunnelling
rex.obo
REX:0000548
electron tunnelling
A concerted process where the proton and the electron tunnel at the same time but independently of each other.
rex.obo
PTET
concerted proton tunneling-electron tunneling
REX:0000549
concerted proton tunnelling-electron tunnelling
A concerted process where the proton and the electron tunnel at the same time but independently of each other.
PUBMED:12589565
Elementary chemical process undergone by an electronically excited molecular entity and yielding a primary photoproduct.
rex.obo
primary photochemical process
primary photochemical reaction
REX:0000550
primary photoreaction
Elementary chemical process undergone by an electronically excited molecular entity and yielding a primary photoproduct.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04836.html
Dissociation occurring by tunnelling from a 'bound' to an 'unbound' vibronic state.
rex.obo
REX:0000551
predissociation
Dissociation occurring by tunnelling from a 'bound' to an 'unbound' vibronic state.
http://goldbook.iupac.org/P04808.html