format-version: 1.2
ontology: uberon/subsets/musculoskeletal-minimal.obo

[Term]
id: AAO:0000002
name: alary cartilage
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, cup-shaped cartilage that are dorsal to the septomaxillae and anterior to the oblique cartilage. The anterior, convex face of each alary cartilage is synchondrotically fused to the superior prenasal cartilage and the ventral edge is fused to the superior margin of the crista intermedia." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "alinasal cartilage" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilago alaris" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilago alaris nasi" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilago cupullaris" RELATED []
synonym: "copula anterior" RELATED []
synonym: "naseflngelknorpel" RELATED []
synonym: "processus alaris" RELATED []
synonym: "second upper labial" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000003
name: alary process of premaxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorsal process that extends toward the nasal bone. The posterior (inner) face of each alary process is concave and is invested dorsomedially by the superior prenasal cartilage and ventromedially by the inferior prenasal cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "dorsal process of premaxilla" RELATED []
synonym: "pars dorsalis of premaxilla" RELATED []
synonym: "pars facialis of premaxilla" RELATED []
synonym: "pars frontalis of premaxilla" RELATED []
synonym: "pars prenasalis of premaxilla" RELATED []
synonym: "premaxillary spine" RELATED []
synonym: "processus ascendens of premaxilla" RELATED []
synonym: "processus frontalis of premaxilla" RELATED []
synonym: "processus nasalis of premaxilla" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000006
name: alveolar foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Foramen for the R. alveolaris of Nerve VII and the alveolar artery." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "inferior dental foramen" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000273 ! lower jaw opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000012
name: angulosplenial coronoid process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Point of insertion of the adductor mandibulae musculature." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000966 ! angulosplenial

[Term]
id: AAO:0000015
name: anterior maxillary process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Process that extends anteriorly from the planum triangulare and invests the medial face of the pars facialis of the maxilla." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000016
name: anterior nasal wall
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, vertical, and relatively straight plates that form the anterior limit of the nasal capsule." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "prenasal wall" RELATED []
synonym: "solum anterius" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000017
name: anterior process of pars palatina of maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000413 ! pars palatina of maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000018
name: anterior ramus of pterygoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a triradiate pterygoid, the process that extends anteriorly towards the maxilla." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "ramus maxillaris of pterygoid" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000020
name: anterolateral process of frontoparietal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal

[Term]
id: AAO:0000022
name: antorbital process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000400 ! pars facialis of maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000031
name: ascending process of palatoquadrate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
synonym: "apophyse ascendens" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilage craniofacial" RELATED []
synonym: "oberste abteilung des zweiten visceralbogens" RELATED []
synonym: "pedicle" RELATED []
synonym: "pediculus" RELATED []
synonym: "processus ascendens of palatoquadrate" RELATED []
synonym: "schlafenflugelknorpel" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000032
name: auditory muscles
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: AAO:0000036
name: basal process of palatoquadrate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Process that extends medially from the ventromedial corner of the palatoquadrate cartilage and articulates or fuses to the anterior wall of the otic capsule via the basitrabecular process." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "processus basalis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: has AAO:0000292 ! medial ramus of pterygoid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000037
name: basicranial fenestra
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ventral opening of the neurocranium." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000038
name: basimandibulare
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000050
name: braincase and auditory apparatus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "The part of the skull that encloses the brain and surrounds the inner ear." [AAO:LAP]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull

[Term]
id: AAO:0000051
name: braincase and otic capsule opening
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000050 ! braincase and auditory apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000052
name: braincase and otic capsule skeleton
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000050 ! braincase and auditory apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000059
name: capsular process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Narrow process of the skeletal support that projects forward." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000565 ! skeletal support for eminentia olfactoria

[Term]
id: AAO:0000061
name: cartilage bridge
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000068
name: cartilago ectochoanalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Lateral cartilaginous border of the fenestra endochoanalis." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000069
name: cartilago infranarina
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000074
name: cartilago orbitalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
synonym: "dorsale randspange" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000078
name: cartilago prootico-occipitalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000079
name: cartilago retronarina
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000080
name: caudal-sacral region
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Region of the vertebral column posterior to the sacrum consisting of two to four vertebrae. The last of these vertebrae is distinguished by the possession of a well-developed haemal arch; it supports the posterior part of the cloaca and marks the posterior limit of the trunk." [AAO:Duellman_and_Treub_1994]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: AAO:0000101
name: hyale
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000103
name: coronoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000104
name: coronoid teeth
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: AAO:0000110
name: crista contacta
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Thin, horizontal ridge that extends medially from the corpus of the septomaxilla; it lays on the lamina inferior." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000645 ! corpus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000111
name: crista dentalis of maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000396 ! pars dentalis of maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000112
name: crista dentalis of premaxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
synonym: "dental ridge of premaxilla" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000397 ! pars dentalis of premaxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000113
name: crista intermedia
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, oblique plates of cartilage located ventral to the alary cartilages. The dorsomedial margin of each crista intermedia is fused to the transitional zone between the septum nasi and the tectum nasi, whereas the ventrolateral margin bears two laminae, the lamina superior and the lamina inferior." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000115
name: crista lateralis of premaxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000117
name: crista subnasalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ventral crest of the paries nasi." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "subnasal crest" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000118
name: crista supraorbitalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Short and blunt process that extends posteriorly from the posteromedial margin of the postnasal wall, on the anterodorsal corner of the orbit above the medial orbitonasal foramen." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000125
name: dentary teeth
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: AAO:0000131
name: dilatatio alaris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Flange that extends ventrally from about the middle portion of the margo mandibularis." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "ventral flange of anterior ramus of pterygoid" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000280 ! margo mandibularis of pterygoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000132
name: dorsal plate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000155
name: extremitas anterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Large anterior outgrowth of the septomaxilla that is directed into the space between the alary cartilage and the lamina inferior." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "anterior ramus" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000556 ! septomaxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000160
name: fenestra dorsalis nasi
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000161
name: fenestra endochoanalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Opening on the ventral aspect of the nasal capsule. It contains the apertura nasalis interna." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "fenestra exochoanalis" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000162
name: fenestra endonarina communis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Opening on the anterolateral aspect of the nasal capsule. It contains the apertura nasalis externa." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "apertura nasalis externa" RELATED []
synonym: "fenestra narina" RELATED []
synonym: "narial fenestra" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000164
name: fenestra lateralis nasi
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Opening on the lateral side of the nasal capsule." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "fenestra infraconchalis" RELATED []
synonym: "fenestra retronarina" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000166
name: fenestra nasobasalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small opening at the anterior tip of the nasal capsule, on the floor of the cavum inferius. It is located medially to the base of the inferior prenasal cartilage and serves for the passage of the ramus medialis narium and arteria orbitonasalis." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "basal fenestra" RELATED []
synonym: "fenestra basalis nasi" RELATED []
synonym: "foramen apicale" RELATED []
synonym: "foramen epiphaniale" RELATED []
synonym: "nasobasal fenestra" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000167
name: fenestra nasolateralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Elongated opening located on the lateral side of the nasal capsule." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000170
name: fenestra precerebralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000171
name: fenestra prechoanalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Large opening of the nasal floor anterior to the fenestra endochoanalis." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000177
name: flange of quadratojugal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000532 ! quadratojugal

[Term]
id: AAO:0000178
name: footplate of pars media plectri
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Independent, horizontal bar of cartilage located on the anterior part of the fenestra ovalis in front of the pars interna plectri." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "fenestral plate" RELATED []
synonym: "interstapediale" RELATED []
synonym: "otostapes" RELATED []
synonym: "pars otica columellae" RELATED []
synonym: "pseudooperculum" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000408 ! pars media plectri

[Term]
id: AAO:0000179
name: foramen acusticum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
synonym: "acoustic foramen" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000180
name: foramen acusticum anterius
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000179 ! foramen acusticum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000181
name: foramen acusticum maius
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000180 ! foramen acusticum anterius

[Term]
id: AAO:0000182
name: foramen acusticum minus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000180 ! foramen acusticum anterius

[Term]
id: AAO:0000183
name: foramen acusticum posterius
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000179 ! foramen acusticum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000185
name: foramen endolymphaticum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
synonym: "endolymphatic foramen" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000189
name: foramen orbitonasale laterale
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000190
name: foramen orbitonasale mediale
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
synonym: "canalis orbitonasalis" RELATED []
synonym: "canalis orbitonasalis medialis" RELATED []
synonym: "foramen orbitonasale" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000192
name: foramen perilymphaticum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000193
name: foramen perilymphaticum accessorium
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000192 ! foramen perilymphaticum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000195
name: foramen perilymphaticus inferius
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
synonym: "foramen pro aquaeducto cochleae" RELATED []
synonym: "inferior perilymphatic foramen" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000192 ! foramen perilymphaticum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000207
name: frontoparietal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A anuran dermal bone that usually is paired and roofs the braincase." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "fronto-parietaux" RELATED []
synonym: "os fronto-parietale" RELATED []
synonym: "parietaux" RELATED []
synonym: "parietofrontal" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000208
name: frontoparietal constriction
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal

[Term]
id: AAO:0000209
name: frontoparietal fontanelle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorsal opening of the neurocranium." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000224
name: hyobranchial muscles
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: AAO:0000226
name: hyolaryngeal complex
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Complex formed by two units, the hyoid and laryngeal apparatuses, which are both derived from the larval hyobranchial skeleton." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000234
name: inferior prenasal cartilage
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Elongate cartilage that extends anteroventrally from the solum nasi to abut the ventral portion of the posterior aspect of the alary process of the premaxilla. It was first discribed by Wiedersheim in 1876." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "inferior prenasal process" RELATED []
synonym: "processus prenasalis inferior" RELATED []
synonym: "processus prenasalis inferior lateralis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000237
name: infrarostral cartilage
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Larval lower jaw lies anterior to Meckels cartilage." [AAO:EJS]
synonym: "infralabial cartilage" RELATED []
synonym: "mentomeckelian cartilage" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000254
name: lamella alaris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorsal plate of the squamosal." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "horizontal arm of squamosal" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001695 ! squamous part of temporal bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000255
name: lamina anterior of pars facialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000400 ! pars facialis of maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000259
name: lamina inferior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Lateral expansion of the crista intermedia that serves as the floor of the cavum medium." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "lamina inferior cristae intermediae" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000260
name: lamina nariochoanalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Free, dorsal margin of the lamina inferior." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000263
name: lamina precerebralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior face of septum nasi." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000264
name: lamina superior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Lateral expansion of the crista intermedia that serves as the roof of the cavum medium." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "lamina superior cristae intermediae" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000273
name: lower jaw opening
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000280
name: margo mandibularis of pterygoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ventrally directed margin that connects the anterior and posterior rami of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000281
name: margo orbitalis of maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorsal margin of the maxilla between the frontal and zygomatico-maxillary processes." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000282
name: margo orbitalis of pterygoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Margin that connects the anterior and medial rami of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000283
name: margo orbitalis of squamosal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior margin of the squamosal that takes part in the formation of the orbit." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000254 ! lamella alaris

[Term]
id: AAO:0000284
name: margo tympanicus of pterygoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Margin that connects the posterior and medial rami of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000287
name: maxillary teeth
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: AAO:0000288
name: maxillopalatine
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A compound bone consisting of maxilla and palatine, can also contain a prefrontal and/or lacrimal; present in adult Gymnophiona." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: is_formed_by UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla
relationship: is_formed_by UBERON:0004748 ! autopalatine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 ! skeleton of upper jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000290
name: medial inferior prenasal cartilage
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000291
name: medial orbitonasal foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Opening on the postnasal wall for the medial branch (= ramus medialis nasi) of the ophthalmicus nerve." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000292
name: medial ramus of pterygoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a triradiate pterygoid, the process that extends medially towards the otic capsule." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "ramus interior of pterygoid" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000295
name: median symphysis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000301
name: mentomeckelian
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, cylindrical, and small bones of endochondral origin that lie anteromedial to the anterior end of Meckel's cartilage. The precursors of the mentomeckelian bones are the larval infrarostral cartilages." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "dentale" RELATED []
synonym: "Pars mentalis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000309
name: narial muscles
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: AAO:0000316
name: nasal opening
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0006332 ! nasal capsule

[Term]
id: AAO:0000323
name: nasopremaxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A compound bone consisting of premaxilla, nasal and sometimes septomaxilla in adult members of Caeciliidae and Typhlonectidae." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 ! skeleton of upper jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000329
name: oblique cartilage
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Semi-circular cartilaginous sheet that lies lateral to the side of the septum nasi." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "cartilago obliqua" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilago obliqua nasi" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilago obliquo" RELATED []
synonym: "dorsal process" RELATED []
synonym: "lamina obliqua" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000332
name: oculomotor foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000333
name: olfactory foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000316 ! nasal opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000341
name: optic fenestra
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000344
name: orbitonasal foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Foramen that forms a passage for one of the branches of the trigeminal nerve into the nasal region." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000347
name: os articulare
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ossified posterior articular portion of Meckel's cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003107 ! Meckel's cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000348
name: os basale
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000363
name: otic ligament
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000364
name: otic plate of pterygoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Osseous expansion of the posterior and medial rami of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000365
name: otic process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
relationship: part_of AAO:0001000 ! palatoquadrate and suspensorium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000367
name: otic ramus of squamosal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ramus (process) that extends medially toward the otic capsule." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "posterior ramus" RELATED []
synonym: "ramus paroticus" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000254 ! lamella alaris

[Term]
id: AAO:0000368
name: otoccipital
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Fused prootic and exoccipital bones." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000374
name: palatine process of pars palatina of premaxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
synonym: "median palatal squame " RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000414 ! pars palatina of premaxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000375
name: palatine process of the pars facialis of the maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000400 ! pars facialis of maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000376
name: palatine teeth
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: AAO:0000380
name: palatoquadrate articular process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000381
name: paranasal commissure
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cartilaginous bridge that extends posteriorly to the anterolateral corner of the posterior nasal wall." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "commissura lateralis nasi" RELATED []
synonym: "connection between lamina nariochoanalis and postnasal wall" RELATED []
synonym: "processus lingularis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000384
name: parasagittal crest
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal

[Term]
id: AAO:0000386
name: cultriform process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Process that extends anteriorly from the orbitotemporal region." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "pars medialis" RELATED []
synonym: "rostrum" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004745 ! parasphenoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000387
name: subotic ala
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, lateral processes that, when present, support the otic capsules ventrally." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "processus lateralis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004745 ! parasphenoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000388
name: parasphenoid teeth
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: AAO:0000389
name: paries nasi
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, elongate, ventrolaterally-orieted cartilaginous structures that extend to the premaxilla-maxilla articulation." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000394
name: pars articularis of mandibular arch
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior end of Meckel's cartilage that forms the articular head of the mandibular arch." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003107 ! Meckel's cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000396
name: pars dentalis of maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Tooth-bearing part of the maxilla." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "crista dentalis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000397
name: pars dentalis of premaxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Tooth-bearing part of the premaxilla." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000399
name: pars externa plectri
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
synonym: "extracolumellare" RELATED []
synonym: "extrapediale" RELATED []
synonym: "extraplectral" RELATED []
synonym: "extrastapes" RELATED []
synonym: "hyostapes" RELATED []
synonym: "medio-stapedial" RELATED []
synonym: "pars quadrata columellae" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000443 ! plectral apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000400
name: pars facialis of maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000401
name: pars facialis of maxillopalatine
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000288 ! maxillopalatine

[Term]
id: AAO:0000406
name: pars interna plectri
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Plate-like structure that lies in the fenestra ovalis. It arises within the membrana opercularis in the posterior part of the fenestra." [AOO:LAP]
synonym: "operculum auris" RELATED []
synonym: "operculum fenestrae ovalis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000443 ! plectral apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000408
name: pars media plectri
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000443 ! plectral apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000413
name: pars palatina of maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Lingual ledge on the inner surface of the maxilla." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "lamina horizontalis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000414
name: pars palatina of premaxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Lingual ledge on the inner surface of the premaxilla." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000431
name: pila antotica
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000432
name: pila metoptica
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000433
name: pineal foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal

[Term]
id: AAO:0000434
name: planum antorbitale
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000437
name: planum conchale
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000438
name: planum internasale
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000440
name: planum terminale
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Vertical plate of cartilage that is fused posterodorsally to the oblique cartilage and anteriorly to the lamina inferior." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "pars terminalis" RELATED []
synonym: "terminal plate" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000441
name: planum triangulare
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cartilaginous, distal expansion of the lamina orbitonasalis that invests the pars facialis of the maxilla medially." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000443
name: plectral apparatus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Complex sound-conducting anatomical structure." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000446
name: posterior condyle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000515 ! pseudoangular

[Term]
id: AAO:0000448
name: posterior maxillary process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Process that extends posteriorly from the planum triangulare and invests the maxilla laterally and the anterior ramus of the pterygoid medially." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000449
name: posterior maxillary process dorsal process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000448 ! posterior maxillary process

[Term]
id: AAO:0000450
name: posterior mental process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000451
name: posterior ramus of pterygoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a triradiate pterygoid, the process that extends posterolaterally towards the jaw articulation." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000521 ! pterygoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000453
name: posterolateral vomerine process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002396 ! vomer

[Term]
id: AAO:0000454
name: postnasal wall
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, anteriorly concave structures that form the posterior limit of nasal capsule. It consists of two parts: a ventral piece, the lamina orbitonasalis, and a dorsal plate that is part of the tectum nasi." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000458
name: prearticular
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Osseous element of intramembranous origin that extends along the lingual margin of Meckel's cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000459
name: prearticular coronoid process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Point of insertion of the masticatory musculature." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000458 ! prearticular

[Term]
id: AAO:0000464
name: premaxillary teeth
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: AAO:0000467
name: preorbital process of the pars facialis of the maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000400 ! pars facialis of maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000486
name: processus ascendens plectri
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cartilaginous or ligamentous connection between the pars externa plectri and the crista parotica." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "laterohyale" RELATED []
synonym: "processus ascendens columellae" RELATED []
synonym: "processus dorsalis columellae" RELATED []
synonym: "processus superior columellae" RELATED []
synonym: "suprastapediale" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000399 ! pars externa plectri

[Term]
id: AAO:0000492
name: processus infrafenestralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior part of the corpus of the septomaxilla; the posterior surface of the processus infrafenestralis is in contact with the oblique cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "dorsal crest" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000645 ! corpus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000493
name: processus internus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000515 ! pseudoangular

[Term]
id: AAO:0000494
name: processus lingualis of pterygoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorsolateral process of the of the medial ramus of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000292 ! medial ramus of pterygoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000500
name: processus posterior of maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior, toothless portion of the maxilla by which it usually comes in contact with the quadratojugal." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000505
name: processus pterygoideus of maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior end of the pars palatina of the maxilla that is in contact with the anterior ramus of the pterygoid." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000413 ! pars palatina of maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000509
name: processus suprafenestralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000645 ! corpus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000512
name: processus zygomatico-maxillaris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterodorsal extension of the maxilla by which it establishes contact with the squamosal." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000515
name: pseudoangular
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: is_formed_by UBERON:0004744 ! articular/anguloarticular
relationship: is_formed_by UBERON:0011079 ! angular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000516
name: pseudobasal process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000518
name: pseudodentary
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Compound bone of adult Gymnophiona, consisting of dentary, coronoid and mentomeckelian." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: is_formed_by AAO:0000103 ! coronoid
relationship: is_formed_by AAO:0000301 ! mentomeckelian
relationship: is_formed_by UBERON:0004742 ! dentary
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000519
name: pseudodentary teeth
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: AAO:0000521
name: pterygoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Palatal bones of intramembranous origin that lie anterior to the otic capsules, lateral to the orbits, and medial to the maxillae." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "pterygoidien" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003108 ! suspensorium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000523
name: pterygoid process of palatoquadrate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Process that extends anteriorly from the anterolateral margin of the palatoquadrate and articulates or synchondrotically fuses to the posterior end of the posterior maxillary process." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000524
name: pterygoquadrate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003108 ! suspensorium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000527
name: quadrate process of palatoquadrate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000532
name: quadratojugal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired intramembranous bones that completes the maxillary arch posteriorly; they appear at the end of, or just after, metamorphosis." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "jugau" RELATED []
synonym: "os jugale" RELATED []
synonym: "quadratjochbeine" RELATED []
synonym: "quadrato-jugals" RELATED []
synonym: "quadrato-maxillare" RELATED []
synonym: "quadratojugale" RELATED []
synonym: "tympano maleaux" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 ! skeleton of upper jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000539
name: recessus marsupiatus of premaxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000540
name: recessus vaginiformis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000543
name: retroarticular process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Point of insertion of the m. interhuoideus posterior." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000515 ! pseudoangular

[Term]
id: AAO:0000547
name: rostral process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001681 ! nasal bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000556
name: septomaxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, intramembranous bones located within the nasal capsules and embedded in the nasal cartilages; it is pierced by the ductus nasolacrimalis." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "internasale" RELATED []
synonym: "intranasal" RELATED []
synonym: "lacrimale" RELATED []
synonym: "le cornet" RELATED []
synonym: "nariale" RELATED []
synonym: "nasale" RELATED []
synonym: "os internasale" RELATED []
synonym: "os nariale" RELATED []
synonym: "septomaxillary" RELATED []
synonym: "turbinale" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000563
name: seydels palatal process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000068 ! cartilago ectochoanalis

[Term]
id: AAO:0000565
name: skeletal support for eminentia olfactoria
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Elevation of the dorsal surface of the solum nasi medial to the fenestra endochoanalis that provides support for the eminentia olfactoria." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000569
name: solum nasi
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Unpaired, horizontal plate that forms the floor of the nasal capsule." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "nasal floor" RELATED []
synonym: "planum basale" RELATED []
synonym: "solum nasale" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000572
name: sphenethmoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that forms the anterior portion of the braincase and forms from one ossification center on each side of the orbital cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "orbitosphenoid" RELATED []
synonym: "orbitotemporal" RELATED []
synonym: "Os sphenethmoidale" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000573
name: splenial
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000580
name: stylus of pars media plectri
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
synonym: "columella" RELATED []
synonym: "columella auris" RELATED []
synonym: "columellare" RELATED []
synonym: "interstapediale" RELATED []
synonym: "mediostapediale" RELATED []
synonym: "mesostapediale" RELATED []
synonym: "os columellare" RELATED []
synonym: "os intermedium" RELATED []
synonym: "stapes" RELATED []
synonym: "stelidium" RELATED []
synonym: "stilus columellare" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000408 ! pars media plectri

[Term]
id: AAO:0000581
name: sulcus dentalis of maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Groove located between the pars dentalis and the bases of the maxillary teeth." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000582
name: sulcus dentalis of premaxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000583
name: sulcus for Meckels cartilage
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000012 ! angulosplenial coronoid process

[Term]
id: AAO:0000586
name: superior prenasal cartilage
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, elongate cartilages that extend anteroventrally to abut the dorsomedial margin of the posterior face of the alary process of the premaxilla. The function of these cartilages is to transmit the movement of the premaxilla to the alary cartilages during the closure of the apertura nasalis externa." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000587
name: supraangular
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000590
name: supraorbital flange
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000207 ! frontoparietal

[Term]
id: AAO:0000591
name: suprasphenoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Endochondral ossification of the dorsomedial portion of the braincase." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000597
name: symphysis maxillaris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000599
name: taenia tecti marginalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000601
name: tectum nasi
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Roof of the nasal capsule." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "tectum nasale" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000605
name: tentacular foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000621 ! upper jaw opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000610
name: trochlear foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000619
name: tympanosquamosal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Central, funnel-shaped, ossified portion of the tympanic annulus fused to the squamosal bone." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003108 ! suspensorium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000621
name: upper jaw opening
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000628
name: ventral ramus of squamosal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Longest of the three squamosal rami; it invests the dorsolateral margin of the palatoquadrate. The distal end of the ventral ramus invests the quadrate and articulates with the quadratojugal." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "processus posterolateralis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001695 ! squamous part of temporal bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000634
name: vomerine canal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002396 ! vomer

[Term]
id: AAO:0000639
name: zygomatic ramus of squamosal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ramus (process) that forms part of the posterior margin of the orbit." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000254 ! lamella alaris

[Term]
id: AAO:0000640
name: arcus praeoccipitalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Skeletal structure that separates the inferior and superior perilymphatic foramina." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000641
name: mandibular teeth
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: AAO:0000642
name: maxillopalatine teeth
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: AAO:0000644
name: processus lingularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Rod-shaped process that extends caudally from the inferior edge of the planum terminale." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "lingular process" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000645
name: corpus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
alt_id: AAO:0010459
def: "Basal part of the septomaxilla." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "centrum" RELATED []
synonym: "pars horizontalis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000556 ! septomaxilla
relationship: part_of AAO:0000998 ! suprarostral cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000646
name: margo libera
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior, rounded portion of the corpus of the septomaxilla." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000645 ! corpus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000647
name: crista interna
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Sharp ridge that extends medially from the basal part of the processus infrafenestralis; it separates the diverticulum proncipale from the diverticulum medium." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000492 ! processus infrafenestralis

[Term]
id: AAO:0000648
name: crista praeopercularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Synchondrotic or synostotic connection between the footplate of the pars media plectri and the ventral margin of the fenestra ovalis." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000408 ! pars media plectri

[Term]
id: AAO:0000649
name: anterior process of vomer
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Process that extends anterolaterally toward the maxilla-premaxilla articulation." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002396 ! vomer

[Term]
id: AAO:0000650
name: processus frontalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterio portion of the maxilla that may contact the nasal and take part in the formation of a groove for the nasolacrimal duct." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "processus praeorbitalis of the pars facialis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000651
name: lamina anterior of maxilla
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Most anterior part of the maxilla, which is in contact with the premaxilla." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000652
name: fossa maxillaris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Depression lacated on the inner surface of the maxilla between the palatine process and the pars palatina." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: AAO:0000653
name: pars glenoidalis of quadratojugal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Portion of the quadratojugal that makes contact dorsally with the distal portion of the squamosal." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000532 ! quadratojugal

[Term]
id: AAO:0000654
name: pars jugalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior part of the quadratojugal that is in contact with the processus posterior of the maxilla." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000532 ! quadratojugal

[Term]
id: AAO:0000655
name: processus dorsalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorsal process of the lamella alaris located at the anterior end of the margo orbitalis; a narrow ligament that runs from the frontoparietal is attached to it." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000254 ! lamella alaris

[Term]
id: AAO:0000656
name: processus posterodorsalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior process of the lamella alaris." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000254 ! lamella alaris

[Term]
id: AAO:0000657
name: dentigerous process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Tooth-bearing process of the vomer." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "torus dentigerous" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002396 ! vomer

[Term]
id: AAO:0000658
name: prechoanal process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Process that extends laterally from the anterior process; its bifurcation from the postchoanal process occurs at the level of the dentigerous process." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "processus choanalis anterior" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002396 ! vomer

[Term]
id: AAO:0000659
name: postchoanal process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Process that extends laterally from the anterior process; its bifurcation from the prechoanal process occurs at the level of the dentigerous process." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "processus choanalis posterior" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002396 ! vomer

[Term]
id: AAO:0000660
name: margo choanalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Margin between the prechoanal and postchoanal process. It bounds the fenestra endochoanalis." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002396 ! vomer

[Term]
id: AAO:0000661
name: crista vomeri
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ridge on the dorsal surface of the vomer that runs from the anterior to the postchoanal processes of the vomer; it takes part in the fixation of the bone to the lateral margin of the solum nasi." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002396 ! vomer

[Term]
id: AAO:0000662
name: processus posterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior projection of the median part of the parsphenoid, which may extend over the posterior margins of the subotic alae." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004745 ! parasphenoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000663
name: parahyoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000664
name: hyoid plate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Azygous or paired bone that occurs on the ventral surface of the hyoid plate." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000668
name: hypoglossal sinus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000670
name: anterior process of hyoid apparatus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000671
name: anterolateral process of hyoid plate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Processes that flank the hyales laterally and extend anterolaterally from the anterolateral margin of the hyoid plate. They are formed as a result of new cartilaginous growth lateral to the basibranchial." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "processus alaris" RELATED []
synonym: "processus anterolateralis" RELATED []
synonym: "processus lateralis anterior" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000664 ! hyoid plate

[Term]
id: AAO:0000672
name: posterolateral process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterolateral margin of the hyoid plate. These processes are formed as a result of new cartilaginous growth lateral to the basibranchial and hypobranchial plate." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000664 ! hyoid plate

[Term]
id: AAO:0000673
name: posteromedial process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cartilaginous, paired processes that extend posterolaterally from the posterior margin of the hyoid plate. These processes invest the laryngeal apparatus and are ossified in the adult." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "cornua posteriores" RELATED []
synonym: "hyoid" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000664 ! hyoid plate

[Term]
id: AAO:0000676
name: bronchial process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired processes that extend posteroventrally from the anterolateral margins of the cricoid ring." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "processus trachealis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000677
name: lateral process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000678
name: esophageal process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Median process located on the posterior end of the cricoid cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "spina oesophagea" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000681
name: hyoid apparatus opening
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000682
name: hyoid apparatus skeleton
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000683
name: sinus nervi hypoglossi
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Depression that houses the hypoglossus nerve and is located between the anterolateral process and the proximal part of the hyale." [AAO:Rocek_2003]
is_a: AAO:0000681 ! hyoid apparatus opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000685
name: foramen nervi hypoglossi
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Foramen that houses the hypoglossus nerve and is located between the anterolateral process and the proximal part of the hyale." [AAO:Rocek_2003]
synonym: "foramen laterale" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000681 ! hyoid apparatus opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000687
name: processus confluens
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Strip of cartilage that forms the lateral margin of the foramen nervi hypoglossi." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "processus alaris" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000101 ! hyale

[Term]
id: AAO:0000688
name: prominentia apicalis dorsalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior end of the arytenoid cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "prominentia apicalis anterior" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000689
name: prominentia apicalis ventralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior (cardiac) end of the arytenoid cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "prominentia apicalis posterior" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000692
name: pedicel
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired stalks located dorsolateral to the vertebral centrum that provide support to the lateral margins of the neural arch laminae." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000694
name: atlantal cotyle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior, single or paired concave facets for articulation with the condyle(s) of the urostyle." [AAO:Francis_1934]
synonym: "cavitas glenoidalis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000696
name: posterior intervertebral notch
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Indentation on the anterior margin of the pedicel. When two vertebrae articulate, the anterior notch of one vertebra and the posterior notch of the other create a bilateral intervertebral space." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000701
name: intervertebral space
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Space formed by the anterior and posterior intervertebral notches. The intervertebral spaces accommodate the spinal nerves as they emerge from the spinal canal." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "intervertebral space" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0010276 ! vertebral column opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000704
name: anterior intervertebral notch
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Indentation on the posterior margin of the pedicel. When two vertebrae articulate, the anterior notch of one vertebra and the posterior notch of the other create a bilateral intervertebral space." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000706
name: diapophysis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired processes that arise near the midpoint of the neural arch lamina, for the attachment of the tuberculum of two-headed ribs. Also called transverse processes. In anurans, the term diapophysis is used in reference to the modified transverse processes of the sacral vertebra elaborated for support of the pelvic girdle." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994, AAO:Pugener_2002]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000707
name: pleurapophysis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired processes that represent the rib attachments to the vertebra plus the ribs." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000711
name: procoelous
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Holochordal vertebral centra that are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly; they bear a condyle on the posterior end for the articulation with the posterior adjacent vertebral centrum, forming a ball-and-socket joint that allows extensive motion in most directions." [AAO:Pugener_2002, AAO:Trueb_1973]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000712
name: opisthocoelous
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ectochordal or stegochordal vertebral centra that are convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly; they bear a condyle on the anterior end for the articulation with the posterior adjacent vertebral centrum, forming a ball-and-socket joint that allows extensive motion in most directions." [AAO:Pugener_2002, AAO:Trueb_1973]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000713
name: epichordal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Vertebral centrum that originates from ossification of the dorsal portion of the perichordal tube; the resulting element tends to be depressed in cross section." [AAO:Kluge_and_Farris_1969]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000714
name: perichordal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Vertebral centrum that originates from ossification of the entire perichordal tube; the resulting element is cylindrical in cross section and may have an open (notochord retained) or solid center." [AAO:Kluge_and_Farris_1969]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000715
name: heterocoelous
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Vertebral centrum that bears saddle-shaped articular surfaces at both ends, having a convexity in the right-left axis and a concavity in the dorsoventral axis. This morphology allows great lateral and vertical flexion." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000716
name: acoelous
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Vertebral centrum with flat ends. Between successive vertebrae there is a fibrocartilaginous intervertebral body with a gel-like core, the nucleus pulposus, which is derived from the embryonic notochord. Acoelous vertebrae seem especially suited to receive and distribute compressive forces within the vertebral column." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000717
name: amphicoelous
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ectochordal, biconcave or terminally flat vertebral centrum. This design seems to allow limited motion in most directions. An intervertebral body (which may or may not be independent from the adjacent centra) fills the cavity between successive centra. The intervertebral body usually is formed by soft material that may be derived, at least in part, from the embryonic notochord." [AAO:Pugener_2002, AAO:Trueb_1973]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000718
name: ectochordal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Spool-shaped vertebral centrum with an open center in which the notochord lies." [AAO:Griffiths_1959]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000719
name: holochordal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Spool-shaped vertebral centrum with a solid center. All traces of the notochord dissapear." [AAO:Griffiths_1959]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000720
name: stegochordal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Vertebral centrum that is depressed dorsoventrally and solid. All traces of the notochord dissapear." [AAO:Griffiths_1959]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000722
name: tuberculum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorsal head of a bicapitate rib. It articulates with the diapophysis." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: AAO:0000723
name: capitulum of rib
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ventral head of a bicapitate rib. It articulates with the parapophysis." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: AAO:0000727
name: haemal arch lamina
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired plates that form the haemal arch. The lateral margin of each lamina is firmly attached to the ventral surface of the caudal vertebral centrum and the medial end fuses to the medial end of the opposite lamina." [AAO:Pugener_2002]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006065 ! hemal arch

[Term]
id: AAO:0000728
name: nucal keel
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Longitudinal process found in all cervical vertebrae, except the atlas, for the attachment of dorsal head musculature." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000730
name: foramen nutritium
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Opening on the lateral side of the vertebra for the passage of blood vessels." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0010276 ! vertebral column opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000735
name: mid-dorsal keel
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ridge-shaped structure present on the dorsomedial surface of the neural arch lamina; this structure is produced at the point of junction of the contralateral sides of each neural arch." [AAO:Pugener_2002]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: AAO:0000736
name: crista ventralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ridge on the ventral aspect of the humeral shaft that extends from the level of the glenoid head to about one-third to one-half the lenfth of the shaft. It serves for the attachment of the mm pectoralis and supra-coracoideus." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "crista ventralis humeri" RELATED []
synonym: "deltoid crest" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000743
name: sacral condyle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior, paired convex facets for articulation with the cotyle(s) of the urostyle." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003690 ! sacrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000744
name: urostyle cotyle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior, single or paired concave facets for articulation with the sacral condyle(s)." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "fossa condyloidea ossis coccygei" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003106 ! urostyle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000745
name: webbing of bone
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In anurans, pair of bony plates that connect the posteromedial margins of the sacral diapophyses with the lateral margins of the anterior portion of the urostyle." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: AAO:0000746
name: urostyle ridge
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Longitudinal crest on the dorsal side of the urostyle formed by the caudal neural arches." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007]
synonym: "crista ossi coccygei" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003106 ! urostyle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000748
name: suprascapula
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, cartilaginous elements located in the dorsolateral shoulder region. Each suprascapula is a flat broad blade that extends medially." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "adscapulum" RELATED []
synonym: "episcapulum" RELATED []
synonym: "omolita" RELATED []
synonym: "scapula major" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000935 ! scapular area

[Term]
id: AAO:0000752
name: pars acromialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Prominent structure (anteromedial head) that forms the anterior section of the ventral margin of the scapula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000753
name: pars glenoidalis of scapula
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Concave structure (posteromedial head) that forms the posterior head of the ventral margin of the scapula. The pars glenoidalis articulates with the humerus, and comprises the dorsal portion of the glenoid fossa." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000754
name: pectoral girdle skeleton
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000755
name: pectoral girdle opening
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000756
name: crista dorsalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small hooked process on the dorsal aspect of the humeral shaft; it does not extend on to the glenoid head. The m subscapularis is inserted on it." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "crista dorsalis humeri" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000757
name: zonal area
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "All those parts of the pectoral girdle ventral and medial to the glenoid fossa." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000754 ! pectoral girdle skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000759
name: omosternum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Proximal portion of the prezonal element of the pectoral girdle. It may be a flat, midventral cartilaginous structure or a calcified or bony element elaborated into a stylum." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "episternum" RELATED []
synonym: "interclavicle" RELATED []
synonym: "prezonal element" RELATED []
synonym: "prezonal sternum" RELATED []
synonym: "sternum superior" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000937 ! prezonal element

[Term]
id: AAO:0000760
name: procoracoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cartilaginous, paired structures located on the anterolateral portions of the zonal area of the pectoral girdle." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "precoracoid" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000936 ! zonal element

[Term]
id: AAO:0000762
name: epicoracoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, flat cartilaginous arches that compose the central portion of the zonal area, unites the clavicle and coracoid of each half of the pectoral girdle, and form the medial margins of the pectoral fenestrae." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "coracoid cartilage" RELATED []
synonym: "corpus sterni" RELATED []
synonym: "entosternal" RELATED []
synonym: "infracoracoid" RELATED []
synonym: "sterni ossa media" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000936 ! zonal element

[Term]
id: AAO:0000763
name: epicoracoid bridge
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A pair of cartilaginous expansions (one from each epicoracoid cartilage) that project anteriorly. They articulate anteriorly with the omosternum." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "procoracoid bridge" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000762 ! epicoracoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000767
name: pelvic girdle opening
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000771
name: acetabular depression
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Central, most concave portion of the acetabulum, which remains open." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: AAO:0000767 ! pelvic girdle opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000773
name: ilial ridge
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Longitudinal crest on the dorsal side of the shaft of the ilium." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "ala ossis ilei" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000774 ! ilial shaft

[Term]
id: AAO:0000774
name: ilial shaft
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior rod that articulates with the sacrum." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001273 ! ilium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000775
name: ilial corpus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior body of the ilium that forms the anterior half of the acetabulum." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001273 ! ilium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000776
name: glenoid foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Opening on the glenoid fossa." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: AAO:0000755 ! pectoral girdle opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000777
name: epicoracoid horn
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A pair of cartilaginous expansions (one from each epicoracoid cartilage) that project posteriorly. They articulate with the sternum by means of grooves, pouches or fossae in the dorsal surface of the sternum and provide a site for the insertion of a pair of muscles derived from the m. rectus abdominis." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000762 ! epicoracoid

[Term]
id: AAO:0000778
name: supracoracoid foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Opening on the scapulocoracoid bone through which passes the n. supracoracoideus and the corresponding artery and vein." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "foramen supracoracoideum" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000755 ! pectoral girdle opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000779
name: pectoral fenestra
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ovoid space on the pectoral girdle limited anteriorly by the procoracoid, medially by the epicoracoid, and posteriorly by the coracoid." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "fenestra between procoracoid and coracoid" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000755 ! pectoral girdle opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0000780
name: incisura coracoidea
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Notch that separates the cartilaginous regions of the procoracoid and coracoid." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000935 ! scapular area

[Term]
id: AAO:0000783
name: fovea capitis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ovoid roughened pit, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and serves as a site of attachment for ligaments." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000784
name: ulnar condyle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Semi-elliptical ball located at the lower end of the humerus, adjacent to the humeral ball." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "medial condyle" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000785
name: trochlear groove of humerus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Furrow between the humeral head and the ulnar condyle." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000786
name: fossa cubitalis ventralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Depresion on the distal end of the humerus, just anterior to the humeral head, in which the end of the radius fits when the forelimb is flexed." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000787
name: collum antibrachii
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a fused radio-ulna, the proximal portion of the compound bone (where the sulcus longitudinalis is barely evident or absent) is a cylindrical pillar." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000792
name: anterior ramus of cleithrum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Subdivision of the cleithrum that extends along the anterior edge of the suprascapula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000793
name: anomocoelous
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Stegochordal slightly biconcave or flat terminally vertebral centrum. Each intervertebral cartilage is subdivided anteriorly and posteriorly, producing a free intervertebral element between adjacent vertebrae. This element subsequently ossifies and remains free." [AAO:Trueb_1973]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000794
name: displasiocoelous
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Vertebral column in which the first seven vertebrae have holochordal centra and the intervertebral cartilages are posteriorly subdivided in the procoelous manner. The eighth presacral vertebra has a holochordal centrum and the intervertebral cartilage is subdivided in the opisthocoelous manner. Thus, the first seven presacral vertebrae are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly, whereas the eighth is biconcave." [AAO:Trueb_1973]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000796
name: imbricate neural arch
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Overlapping neural arches that obscure the spinal cord dorsally." [AAO:Trueb_1973]
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: AAO:0000797
name: non-imbricate neural arch
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Neural arches that do not overlap, thus exposing the spinal cord dorsally." [AAO:Trueb_1973]
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: AAO:0000798
name: presacral shield
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorsal, dermal plate of bone that overlies the presacral vertebrae. Such shield usually has irregular, sculptured surfaces, frequently is broadly expanded, and may be composed of several separate plates." [AAO:Trueb_1973]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009568 ! trunk region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: AAO:0000799
name: cartilago paraglenoidalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Strip of cartilage that separates the coracoid from the scapula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000935 ! scapular area

[Term]
id: AAO:0000800
name: intercotylar space
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Space between the atlantal cotyles." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "spatium interglenoidale" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000801
name: caput glenoidale
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Convex articular facet of the vertebral centrum for the articulation with the adjacent centrum." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000802
name: fossa glenoidalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Concave articular facet of the vertebral centrum for the articulation with the adjacent centrum." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000803
name: sulcus articularis lateralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the lateral canal between the carina distalis and the carina medialis." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006062 ! articular process of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000804
name: sulcus articularis medialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the medial canal between the carina medialis and the carina proximalis." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006062 ! articular process of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000805
name: carina proximalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the proximal ridge." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006062 ! articular process of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000806
name: carina medialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the medial ridge." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006062 ! articular process of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000807
name: carina distalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a zygapophysis that has ridges and sulci, the distal ridge." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006062 ! articular process of vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000808
name: parasagittal processes
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, posteriorly directed process at the posterior margin of each neural arch lamina." [AAO:Cannatella_1985]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: AAO:0000809
name: accessory articulation
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, additional vertebral articulations located medial to the intervertebral space, adjacent to the vertebral centrum." [AAO:Cannatella_1985]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: AAO:0000810
name: fissura sagittalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Medial groove in the longitudinal ridge of the urostyle formed by the incomplete dorsal fusion of the caudal neural arches." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000746 ! urostyle ridge

[Term]
id: AAO:0000811
name: glenoid end of clavicle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Lateral end of the clavicle, which usually lies in close proximity to the pars acromialis of the scapula, and occassionally may fuse to it." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "extremitas glenoidalis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000813
name: sulcus pro cartilagine praecoracoidealis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Canal on the posterior aspect of the clavicle that accomodates the anterior margin of the procoracoid cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000814
name: glenoid head of coracoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Lateral end of the coracoid, which forms the medial portion of the glenoid fossa." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "intumescentia glenoidalis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004743 ! coracoid bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000815
name: sternal head of coracoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Medial end of the coracoid, which is synchondrotically fused to the epicoracoid cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "pars epicoracoidealis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004743 ! coracoid bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000816
name: margo fenestralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior margin of the coracoid, which forms the posterior edge of the pectoral fenestra." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004743 ! coracoid bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000817
name: margo posterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior margin of the coracoid." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004743 ! coracoid bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000818
name: margo anterior of scapula
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior margin of the scapula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000819
name: margo clavicularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Inferior margin of the pars acromialis of the scapula, which articulates with the clavicule." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000820
name: margo posterior of scapula
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior margin of the scapula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000821
name: margo suprascapularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Superior margin of the scapula, which articulates with the suprascapula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000822
name: pars suprascapularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Superior portion of the scapula, which is thinner than the rest of the shaft." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000823
name: sinus interglenoidalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Notch or indentation between the pars glenoidalis and pars acromialis of the scapula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000824
name: tenuitas cristaeformis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Leading (anterior) portion of the scapula, which is thinner than the rest of the shaft." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000825
name: crista longitudinalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Longitudinal ridge on the medial (inner) face of the scapula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000827
name: margo anterior of cleithrum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Anterior margin of the anterior ramus of the cleithrum." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000828
name: margo posterior of cleithrum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Posterior margin of the posterior ramus of the cleithrum." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000829
name: margo scapularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Lateral margin of the suprascapula, which articulates with the scapula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000830
name: margo vertebralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Medial margin of the suprascapula, which lies dorsal to the vertebral column." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000831
name: spina acromioidea
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small process of the lamina recurvata that extends laterally toward the scapular-suprascapular articulation." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000832
name: anterior lamina recurvata
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Portion of the anterior ramus of the cleithrum that invest the anterior margin of the suprascapula, extending onto its dorsal surface." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000833
name: sinus dorsalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Notch or indentation between the anterior and posterior rami of the cleithrum." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000834
name: posterior lamina recurvata
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Portion of the posterior ramus of the cleithrum that invests the posterior margin of the suprascapula, extending onto its dorsal surface." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000835
name: glenoid head
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Hemispherical ball on the proximal end of the humerus that fits into the glenoid cavity of the pectoral girdle to form the shoulder joint." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "caput humeri" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000836
name: crista lateralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ridge on the lateral aspect of the humeral shaft located just anterior to the radial (lateral) epicondyle." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000837
name: crista medialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ridge on the medial aspect of the humeral shaft that extends from the level of the middle portion of the shaft to ulnar (medial) epicondyle." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000839
name: crista radii
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small ridge on the lateral aspect of the radial shaft, located at the level of the collum antibrachii." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000840
name: capitulum of radius
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Lateral portion of the proximal (upper) articular surface of the radius that consists of an eminence with a rounded apex." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000841
name: capitulum radii
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small eminence on the distal articular head of the radius." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000842
name: capitulum ulnae
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small eminence on the distal articular head of the ulna." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna

[Term]
id: AAO:0000844
name: sulcus longitudinalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a fused radio-ulna, longitudinal furrow that demarcates the area of fusion of both elements. This sulcus is deep in the distal portion of the compound bone, but barely evident or absent at the proximal end." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006715 ! radio-ulna

[Term]
id: AAO:0000846
name: element Y of fore mesopodium
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Oval carpal element that is located on the anteromedial side of the radiale and the anterolateral side of the ulnare. Anteriorly, it articulates with carpals 1 through 4 (or 2 through 5 according to some authors). It is also recognized as centrale by some authors. This element originates from one, two, or three condensation centers. Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 2(1), carpal 3(2), the ulnare, or other elements." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000862
name: pubo-ischium
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Composite element formed by the fusion of the ischium and pubis." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "ilio-pubis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000865
name: epileon
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorsal extremity of the ilial shaft, which remains cartilaginous." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000774 ! ilial shaft

[Term]
id: AAO:0000866
name: agger limitans anterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Shelf-like expansion of the ilial corpus that forms the anterior border of the acetabulum." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial corpus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000867
name: agger limitans anterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Shelf-like expansion of the ischium that forms the posterior border of the acetabulum." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001274 ! ischium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000868
name: supra-acetabular expansion
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorsal portion of the ilial corpus, located above the acetabulum." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "dorsal acetabular expansion" RELATED []
synonym: "pars ascendens ilei" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial corpus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000869
name: ilial protuberance
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small, dorsolaterally projecting knob located just anterior to the supra-acetabular expansion and about the level of the anterior border of the acetabulum." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "dorsal protuberance" RELATED []
synonym: "tuber superior" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000774 ! ilial shaft

[Term]
id: AAO:0000870
name: preacetabular expansion
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ventral portion of the ilial corpus, located anteroventral to the acetabulum." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "pars descendens ilei" RELATED []
synonym: "ventral acetabular expansion" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial corpus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000871
name: fossula tuberis superioris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small depression dorsal to the proximal portion of the collum ilei and ventral to the ilial protuberance." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial corpus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000872
name: collum ilei
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cyllindrical pillar that originates anterior to the acetabulum and extends to the ilial shaft." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial corpus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000873
name: pars cylindriformis ilei
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Elongate, cylindrical structure on the ventral side of the shaft of the ilium that extends through its entire length." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000774 ! ilial shaft

[Term]
id: AAO:0000874
name: crista ischii
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Crest on the posterior side of the ischium, which may also extend to the posteroventral aspect of pubis." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001274 ! ischium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000875
name: spina pelvis posterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small, rounded process on the anterodorsal margin of the ischium, just posterior to the area of articulation with the ilium." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001274 ! ischium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000876
name: spina pelvis anterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small, rounded process on the anteroventral margin of the preacetabular expansion of the ilial corpus." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000775 ! ilial corpus

[Term]
id: AAO:0000877
name: intumescentia bilateralis inferior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small protuberance on the ischium, located close to its posteroventral margin." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001274 ! ischium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000878
name: intumescentia bilateralis superior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small protuberance on the ischium, located at the level of the superior margin of the acetabulum and close to its posterior margin." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001274 ! ischium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000879
name: incisura terminalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small indentation on the posterior margin of the ischium, ventral to the intumescentia bilateralis superior." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001274 ! ischium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000880
name: crista hypertrophica
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Large protuberance on the dorsal aspect of the ischium that extends from the ischio-ilium articulation to the spina pelvis posterior." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001274 ! ischium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000882
name: interilial region
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Area of convergence of the ilial shafts. When the preacetabular ilium is narrow, the interilial configuration is V-shaped or narrowly rounded, whereas when the interilial region is broadly expanded the interilial configuration is U-shaped." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001273 ! ilium

[Term]
id: AAO:0000883
name: recessus coccygealis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Area dorsal to the pelvic girdle symphysis, between the dorsal portions of the ilial corpora, where lies the posterior terminus of the urostyle." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000774 ! ilial shaft

[Term]
id: AAO:0000884
name: epipubis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small prepubic element formed by a plate of cartilage (which may calcify in the adult) that is synchondrotically united with the pubis." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000885
name: postpubis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired cartilaginous rods that lie within the copulatory organ (or so-called tail) and are attached to the posteroventral part of the pelvic girdle." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "Nobelian bone" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000886
name: ypsiloid cartilage
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Y-shaped cartilage lying in the middle line, anterior to the pubo-ischium with which it articulates. It lies dorsal to the rectus abdominis muscle with which it articulates." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "abdominal sternum" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilago epipubes" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilago marsupial" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilago ypsiloidea" RELATED []
synonym: "cartilago ypsiloides" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000894
name: femoral ridge
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Low crest that arises just behind the acetabular head and extends distally for about one-third the length of the femoral shaft." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "crista femoris" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: AAO:0000895
name: trochlear groove of femur
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Canal on the posteroventral surface of the acetabular head, which articulates with the ischial process on the rim of the acetabulum." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006767 ! head of femur

[Term]
id: AAO:0000896
name: foveal depression
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ovoid roughened pit situated on the dorsal and anteroventral surface of the acetabular head wherein the ligaments attaching the bone to the acetabulum are inserted." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006767 ! head of femur

[Term]
id: AAO:0000898
name: trochanteric crest
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired ridges on the ventral surface of the femoral shaft that run toward the femoral trochanter; the posterior crest is less developed." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: AAO:0000903
name: tibial crest
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Ridge that arises from the dorso-masial side of the extensor surface of the tibia. It receives the insertion of the tendon of the extensor ilio-tibialis muscle." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia

[Term]
id: AAO:0000904
name: apophysis distalis of tibiofibula
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Swelling on the extensor surface of the distal head of the tibiofibula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006714 ! tibiofibula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000905
name: caput ossis cruris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Proximal head of the tibiofibula that articulates with the distal head of the femur." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006714 ! tibiofibula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000906
name: sulcus pro musculo extensori cruris brevis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small canal on the proximal head of to the tibiofibula, lateral to the apophysis distalis, for the insertion of the cruris brevis muscle." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006714 ! tibiofibula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000907
name: eminentia arcuata
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small crest on the extensor surface of the proximal head of the tibiofibula (tibial side)." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006714 ! tibiofibula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000908
name: sulcus distalis ossis cruris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a fused tibiofibula, longitudinal furrow in the distal portion of the compound bone that demarcates the area of fusion of both elements." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006714 ! tibiofibula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000909
name: sulcus proximalis ossis cruris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "In a fused tibiofibula, longitudinal furrow in the proximal portion of the compound bone that demarcates the area of fusion of both elements." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006714 ! tibiofibula

[Term]
id: AAO:0000916
name: apophysis proximalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Swelling on the extensor surface of the proximal compound head of the tibiale and fibulare." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000917
name: apophysis distalis of tibiale fibulare
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Swelling on the extensor surface of the distal compound head of the tibiale and fibulare." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000921
name: element Y of hind mesopodium
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Oval tarsal element that is located on the anteromedial side of the tibiale. Anteriorly, it articulates with the proximal prehallux, tarsals 1, 2, and 3." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000922
name: prehallux
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "One to three or four elements located ventral and medial to the metatarsal of digit I. When more than one elements are present, they are smaller than the proximal prehallux." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000923
name: intermedium (hind)
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small, wedge-shaped tarsal element of which the thiner edge projects between the tibia and fibula, thus separating the distal ends of this two bones. Distally, it articulates with the centrale, fibulare, and tibiale." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000935
name: scapular area
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dorso-lateral portion of the pectoral girdle." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "pars scapularis" RELATED []
synonym: "scapula et adscapulum" RELATED []
synonym: "scapula-suprascapula area" RELATED []
synonym: "scapulum et episcapulum" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000754 ! pectoral girdle skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000936
name: zonal element
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "All those parts of the pectoral girdle in the central region of the zonal area." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000757 ! zonal area

[Term]
id: AAO:0000937
name: prezonal element
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "All those parts of the pectoral girdle that lie anterior to the zonal area." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000757 ! zonal area

[Term]
id: AAO:0000938
name: postzonal element
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "All those parts of the pectoral girdle that lies posterior to the zonal area." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000757 ! zonal area

[Term]
id: AAO:0000941
name: arciferal girdle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Pectoral girdle in which the epicoracoid cartilages are elaborated into posteriorly directed epicoracoid horns. Most arciferal pectoral girdles are characterized by fusion of the epicoracoid cartilages in the interclavicle region. Posterior to the clavicles, the epicoracoids usually are free and overlapping." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000942
name: firmisternal girdle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Pectoral girdle that lacks epicoracoid horns. The sternum is fused to the pectoral arch, and the epicoracoid cartilages of each half of the girdle are fused to one another. The midzonal length of the girdle is shorter than that of an arciferal girdle, but pre- and postzonal elements tend to be longer." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000943
name: pseudofirmisternal girdle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Modified arciferal pectoral girdle in which the fusion of the epicoracoid cartilages in the interclavicle region is extended posteriorly. Thus, the cartilages no longer overlap freely, and functionally a partially firmisternal condition is created." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000944
name: pseudoarciferal girdle
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Modified firmisternal pectoral girdle in which the epicoracoid cartilages are partly free and overlapping; however, the epicoracoids are fused to one another and the sternum postermodially." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: AAO:0000945
name: inscriptional rib
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Three pairs of cartilaginous elements posterior to the sternum that lie in the myosepta of the ventral trunk musculature." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "abdominal ribs" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000938 ! postzonal element

[Term]
id: AAO:0000948
name: articular process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired processes located on the anterior end of the cricoid cartilage." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "processus articularis anterior" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0000949
name: posterior ramus of cleithrum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Laminar subdivision of the cleithrum that extends along the ventral (lateral) midbody of the suprascapula." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: AAO:0000950
name: os triangulare
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Small, broadly triangular bar of bone lying across the ventral side of the pharynx at the junction of the M. genio-hyoideus and the M. rectus cervicis superficialis." [AAO:Francis_1934]
synonym: "basi-branchial II" RELATED []
synonym: "os thyroideum" RELATED []
synonym: "os triquetum" RELATED []
synonym: "sternum" RELATED []
synonym: "urohyal" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000682 ! hyoid apparatus skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000951
name: anterior radial
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, horn-like processes of basibranchial I that protrude in an antero-dorso-lateral direction, being more or less embedded in the tongue musculature. These elements contitute the hypohyals." [AAO:Francis_1934]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000682 ! hyoid apparatus skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000952
name: posterior radial
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, horn-like processes of basibranchial I that protrude in an antero-dorso-lateral direction, being more or less embedded in the tongue musculature. They arise secondarily during metamorphosis, and are therefore not strictly part of the visceral skeleton." [AAO:Francis_1934]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000682 ! hyoid apparatus skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000953
name: ceratobranchials II--IV
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired bars that articulate with hypobranchial II. Reduction of loss of these elements is common in salamanders." [AAO:LAP]
synonym: "epibranchials" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000682 ! hyoid apparatus skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000954
name: hypobranchial I
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired bar that articulates with basibranchial I. It forms the anterior portion of the posterior cornu of the hyoid." [AAO:Francis_1934]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000682 ! hyoid apparatus skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000955
name: ceratobranchial I
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired bar that articulates with, or is fused to, hypobranchial I. It forms the posterior portion of the posterior cornu of the hyoid." [AAO:Francis_1934]
synonym: "epibranchial" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000682 ! hyoid apparatus skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000956
name: hypobranchial II
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired bar that articulates anteriorly with basibranchial I and posteriorly with ceratobranchials II--IV." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000682 ! hyoid apparatus skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000957
name: basihyal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Paired, anterior element that articulates medially with basibranchial I and posterolaterally with the paired hypohyals." [AAO:LAP]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000682 ! hyoid apparatus skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0000965
name: basale commune (carpal)
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Amalgamation of distal carpals 1 and 2." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001481 ! distal carpal bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0000966
name: angulosplenial
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone of anuran lower jaw investing lingual and ventral surfaces of Meckel's cartilage; forming coronoid process and articulating with palatoquadrate posteriorly." [AAO:EJS]
synonym: "angular" RELATED []
synonym: "goniale" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0000998
name: suprarostral cartilage
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Larval upper jaws articulate with trabecular horns." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0001000
name: palatoquadrate and suspensorium
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0001002
name: basale commune (tarsal)
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Amalgamation of distal tarsals 1 and 2." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone

[Term]
id: AAO:0010005
name: muscular process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0001000 ! palatoquadrate and suspensorium

[Term]
id: AAO:0010018
name: M. glutaeus magnus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates from the superior process of the ilium and inserts on the aponeuronis of the M. cruralis." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010022
name: M. tensor fasciae latae
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the ventro-lateral aspect of the ala ossis ilei and the ventral surface of the iliacus externus. Inserts on the lateral surface of the cruralis, the dorso-lateral surface of the gluteus magnus, and on the aponeurosis of the cruralis." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010027
name: M. sartorius
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the ventral pelvic rim, the pubic region, and the ventral surface of the adductor longus. The insertion bifurcates distally; the ventral portion attaches to the aponeurosis of the cruralis and the dorsal part attaches to the distal attachment of the gracilis major, the semitendinosus, and to the aponeurosis of the cruralis." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010032
name: M. semitendinosus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates by two tendons: one on the postero-ventral aspect of the pelvic rim, the other, a dorsal tendon from the postero-dorsal pelvic rim under the ventral edge of M. semimembranosus. Inserts on the ventral surface of the tibiofibula." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010038
name: intrinsic
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscles within the eye (bulbus oculi)." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0004277 ! eye muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010045
name: centrale 1
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Distal-most centrale when two are present." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010047
name: M. quadratus femoris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the ventro-lateral border of the ischium and inserts on the ventro-medial surface of the femur at the base of caput femoris." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010049
name: M. gemellus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates from the dorso-lateral margin of the ischium and inserts on the medial surface of the femur." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010060
name: centrale (fore)
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Rectangular cartilage or bone between the distal basal commune and the proximal intermedium." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010061
name: anterior quadratocranial commissure
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cartilage that bridges palatoquadrate to ethmoid region." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0001000 ! palatoquadrate and suspensorium

[Term]
id: AAO:0010065
name: M. gracilis major
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates by a broad tendon from the postero-ventral surface of the pelvic rim and inserts by two tendons. One broad tendon inserts on the knee aponeurosis, and in part on the ventro-medial surface of the tibiofibula. The other long tendon inserts on the posterior surface of the tibiofibula just below the proximal head." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010067
name: M. gracilis minor
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates from the pelvic rim just ventral to the anus and merges with M. gracilis major. M. gracilis minor also attaches to the skin." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010068
name: M. semimembranosus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the ventro-lateral surface of the ischium below the anus and inserts on the ventro-medial aspect of the femur and the head of the tibiofibula by a stout tendon, which is formed by the ventral origin of the plantaris longus." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010069
name: intermedium (fore)
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Quadrangular cartilage or bone lying between the preaxial radiale and the postaxial ulnare in the proximal level of the mesopodium." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010070
name: M. ileo-fibularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates from the ventral border of the ala ossis ilei just posterior to the origin of M. glutaeus maximus. Insterts in the aponeurosis covering the knee joint." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010072
name: M. pyriformis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the dorso-lateral border of the distal urostyle and inserts on the dorsal surface of the crista femoris. This muscle inserts between the M. ilio-fibularis/M. glutaeus magnus and M. semimembranosus." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010073
name: centrale 2
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "The proximal-most rectangular cartilage or bone when two centralelia are present." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010074
name: M. ileo-femoralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates from the postero-ventral surface of the ala ossis ilei and from the insertion tendon of M. ileo-fibularis. Inserts along the dorso-medial border of the femur." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010076
name: M. iliacus internus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle originates on the ventral border of the ala ossis ilei to insert on the dorso-medial surface of the femur." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010078
name: M. iliacus externus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the ventral and lateral surfaces of the ala ossis ilei and inserts on the postero-dorsal face of the caput femoris." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010082
name: M. pulmonum proprius
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates along the connective tissue covering the dorsal surface of the lung and inserts on the dorsal surface of the femur. Muscle found only in Pipa." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010084
name: M. tibialis posticus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the entire medial surface of the shaft of the tibiofibula. Inserts on the tibiale by a long tendon proximo-lateral to the insertion of the medial belly of M. tibialis anticus longus." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010087
name: M. tibialis anticus longus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the ventro-lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur. Its tendon extends in a groove over the knee in the lateral surface of the tibiofibular head, and penetrates the M. peroneus tendon. Insertion is by a lateral and medial head on the dorso-lateral surface of the fibulare and the medial border of the proximal end of the tibiale respectively." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010089
name: M. extensor cruris brevis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates by a slender tendon from the ventral surface of the medial condyle of the femur and passes over the knee to insert as a fleshy belly on the ventro-lateral surface of the tibiofibula." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010090
name: M. tibialis anticus brevis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates from the dorso-lateral surface of the tibiofibula and inserts on the proximo-medial surface of the tibiale dorsal to the medial head of M. tibialis anticus longus." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010092
name: basitrabecular process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A process of the otic capsule that will bridge to the palatoquadrate basal process." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0001000 ! palatoquadrate and suspensorium

[Term]
id: AAO:0010094
name: quadratoethmoid process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Process that projects from anterior margin of commissure as site of attachment for quadratoethmoid ligament." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0010061 ! anterior quadratocranial commissure

[Term]
id: AAO:0010097
name: M. tarsalis posticus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the medial border of the ligamentum calcanei and inserts along the ventral surface of the tibiale." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010098
name: M. plantaris profundus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the medial half of the ligamentum calcanei and inserts along the dorsal surface of the aponeurosis plantaris and extends to the level of the base of the prehallux." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010099
name: musculus rectus superior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cranial nerve III innervated; dorsal in the rectus group." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001601 ! extra-ocular muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010101
name: musculus rectus inferior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cranial nerve III innervated; ventral in the rectus group." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001601 ! extra-ocular muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010113
name: musculus rectus medialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cranial nerve III innervated; medial in the rectus group." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001601 ! extra-ocular muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010117
name: musculus obliquus inferior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cranial nerve III innverated; ventral in the obliquus group." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001601 ! extra-ocular muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010118
name: quadrato-orbital commissure
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cartilage that bridges palatoquadrate muscular process to dorsal orbitonasal plate." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0001000 ! palatoquadrate and suspensorium

[Term]
id: AAO:0010125
name: musculus levator bulbi
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Cranial nerve V innervated; ventral to the eye." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001601 ! extra-ocular muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010136
name: M. cruralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates from the anterior surface of the hip joint capsule between the iliacus internus and the pectineus. Inserts by an aponeurosis attaching to the condyles of the femur and on the head of the cruris. This continues over the cruris to cover the tibialis anticus longus and peroneus to insert on the dorsal surface of those muscles." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010144
name: odontoids
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Toothlike processes found on the mandible of some anurans; can be formed by dentary or dentary + mentomeckelian bones; odontoids lack enamel and dentine present in true teeth." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: AAO:0010145
name: operculum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Plate of cartilage occluding fenestra ovalis." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004637 ! otic capsule

[Term]
id: AAO:0010146
name: lacrimal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Investing bone associated with nasolacrimal duct and lying between pars facialis of maxilla and prefrontal and sometimes nasal." [AAO:EJS]
synonym: "ectethmoid" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010194
name: mediale
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A recurrent variant of salamanders; a rhomboidal cartilage lying immediately postaxial from the centrale or centrale 1." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010205
name: postminimus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A rounded cartilage lying in the postaxial margin of the mesopodium, adjacent to distal tarsal 5 and the distal end of the fibulare." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010220
name: orbital region
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "An anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye." [AAO:EJS]
xref: UBERON:0001697 "external ear"
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull

[Term]
id: AAO:0010240
name: Nobleian rods
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Rods that support the intromittent organ of male Ascaphus." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010261
name: eminentia capitata
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: AAO:0010262
name: capitulum
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006715 ! radio-ulna

[Term]
id: AAO:0010371
name: dorsal hyoid arch skeleton
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005884 ! hyoid arch skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010372
name: ventral hyoid arch skeleton
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005884 ! hyoid arch skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010447
name: M. extensor digitorum communis longus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "It arises on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus by two heads: the lateral one arises by a thin tendon in common with the m.extensor carpi ulnaris with fibers proximally fused. The internal one arises by a short tendon in common with proximally fused fibers of the m. extensor carpi radialis. It divides distally in two heads: the external head inserts with a long and thin tendon on the metacarpal V, at the same point of insertion of the m. abductor brevis dorsalis digiti V; the internal one inserts by a thin tendon on the proximal region of the metacarpal IV, between the m. extensor brevis superficialis digiti IV and the m. extensor brevis medius digiti IV (Pristimantis bogotensis)." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010458
name: ala
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000998 ! suprarostral cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0010523
name: M. plantaris longus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates by two heads, one from the dorso-distal border of the aponeurosis covering the knee and the other from two tendinous branches along the medial border of the knee joint. Inserts by a thick, broad tendon to form the aponeurosis plantaris." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010525
name: frontoparietal fenestra
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0010528
name: articular process of palatoquadrate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0010558
name: quadrato-ethmoid ligament
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010559
name: retroarticular process of the palatoquadrate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0001000 ! palatoquadrate and suspensorium

[Term]
id: AAO:0010560
name: anterior process of the palatoquadrate
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0001000 ! palatoquadrate and suspensorium

[Term]
id: AAO:0010562
name: suboccular foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0010563
name: craniopalatine foramina
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0010564
name: carotid foramina
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0010565
name: pila preoptica
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010566
name: prootic foramen
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: AAO:0000051 ! braincase and otic capsule opening

[Term]
id: AAO:0010576
name: prenasal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A dermal bone that forms anterior to the premaxillae between the maxillae and articulates with the nasals posteriorly." [AAO:LT]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010583
name: basibranchial I
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Bilaterally unpaired ventral element with which articulates with lateral paired elements." [AAO:DBW]
synonym: "Copula I" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0004740 ! basibranchial

[Term]
id: AAO:0010585
name: basibranchial II
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Unpaired medial element that articulates with the anterior basibrachial I (if present)." [AAO:EJS]
synonym: "Copula II" RELATED []
synonym: "urohyal" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0004740 ! basibranchial

[Term]
id: AAO:0010618
name: constrictor laryngis externus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Involved in the movement of the arytenoid cartilages." [AAO:BMZ]
synonym: "hyolaryngus" RELATED []
synonym: "sphincter anterior" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000224 ! hyobranchial muscles

[Term]
id: AAO:0010620
name: dilatator laryngis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Involved in the movement of the arytenoid cartilages." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: AAO:0000224 ! hyobranchial muscles

[Term]
id: AAO:0010621
name: constrictor laryngis anterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Involved in the movement of the arytenoid cartilages." [AAO:BMZ]
synonym: "sphincter posterior" RELATED []
is_a: AAO:0000224 ! hyobranchial muscles

[Term]
id: AAO:0010629
name: sesamoid
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
alt_id: AAO:0010630
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010650
name: cephalodorsosubpharyngeus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "One of the principal muscles used in swallowing." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: AAO:0000224 ! hyobranchial muscles

[Term]
id: AAO:0010651
name: levator bulbi
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "One of the principal muscles used in swallowing." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: AAO:0000224 ! hyobranchial muscles

[Term]
id: AAO:0010654
name: rectus cervicis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Retracts the hyoid and, therefore, the tongue." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: AAO:0000224 ! hyobranchial muscles

[Term]
id: AAO:0010657
name: subhyoideus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Deep, visceral muscle associated with tongue movement." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: AAO:0000224 ! hyobranchial muscles

[Term]
id: AAO:0010659
name: subarcualis rectus I
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Deep, visceral muscle associated with tongue movement." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: AAO:0000224 ! hyobranchial muscles

[Term]
id: AAO:0010664
name: m. intertransversarius capitus superior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Involved in the movement of the head." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0004465 ! musculature of neck

[Term]
id: AAO:0010666
name: m. rectus capitis posterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Involved in the movement of the head." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0004465 ! musculature of neck

[Term]
id: AAO:0010667
name: m. intertransversarius capitis inferior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Involved in the movement of the head." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0004465 ! musculature of neck

[Term]
id: AAO:0010673
name: m. rhomboideus anterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates on the posterior surface of the frontoparietal and the anterior part of the dorsal fascia. Inserts on the ventral surface of the anteromedial corner of the suprascapula." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010684
name: proximal-most prehallical element
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000922 ! prehallux

[Term]
id: AAO:0010685
name: distal-most prehallical element
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000922 ! prehallux

[Term]
id: AAO:0010689
name: m. levator scapulae
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates as three muscle bellies from the prootic-occipital region and inserts on the medial side of the suprascapula." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010690
name: fetal teeth
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Type of deciduous dentition found in foetuses and altricial juveniles of some caecilians." [AAO:HM]
is_a: UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: AAO:0010691
name: m. opercularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which arises from the dorsal m. levator scapulae and extends between the operculum and suprascapula." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010692
name: m. cucullaris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates on the prootic and the otic ramus of the squamosal and inserts on the anterior border of the suprascapula." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010694
name: m. rhomboideus posterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates from the transverse process of presacral vertebrae IV and insert on the dorso-medial surface of the suprascapula." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010695
name: m. serratus superior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates from the transverse process of presacral vertebrae IV and inserts on the dorso-medial surface of the suprascapula beneath the insertion M. rhomboideus posterior." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010698
name: m. serratus medius
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates from the transverse process of presacral vertebrae III and inserts on the central and medial surface of the suprascapula." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010699
name: m. serratus inferior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates as a posterior and anterior head. The posterior head originates from the transverse process and cartilaginous epiphysis of presacral vertebra IV. The anterior head originates on the same parts of presacral vertebrae III. Both insert on the medial surface of the suprascapula near its postero-ventral edge." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010700
name: levator mandibulae externus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Responsible for the closing of the jaw." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010701
name: m. latissimus dorsi
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates from the ventral surface of the dorsal fascia and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010704
name: levator mandibulae longus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Responsible for the closing of the jaw." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010707
name: m. dorsalis scapulae
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates on the lateral surface of the suprascapulae and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010708
name: levator mandibulae articularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which is responsible for the closing of the jaw." [AAO:BMZ]
synonym: "m. adductor mandibulae anterior articularis" RELATED []
synonym: "m. adductor mandibulae externus minor" RELATED []
synonym: "m. adductor mandibulae posterior" RELATED []
synonym: "m. adductor mandibulae posterior articularis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010709
name: levator mandibulae lateralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Responsible for the closing of the jaw." [AAO:BMZ]
synonym: "m. adductor mandibulae posterior articularis" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010710
name: m. interscapularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates from the ventro-medial surface of the suprascapula and inserts on the ventral surface of the scapula." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010711
name: levator mandibulae externus superficialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Responsible for the closing of the jaw." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010712
name: levator mandibulae externus profundus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which is responsible for the closing of the jaw." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010713
name: m. sternoepicoracoideus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates on the anterior border of the distal part of the sternal horn and inserts antero-medially on the postero-dorsal surface of the epicoracoid cartilage." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010714
name: m. anconeus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle originating as three heads which converge and insert on the proximal end of the olecranon process of the radioulna. The long head arises from the posterior and upper border of the glenoid cavity on the joint capsule. The inner head originates on the proximo-medial head of the humerus. The outer head originates on the lateral surface of the humerus." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010715
name: depressor mandibulae
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which is responsible for the opening of the jaw." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010719
name: dilated medial process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003648 ! metacarpal bone of digit 4

[Term]
id: AAO:0010724
name: levator quadrati
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Responsible for the closing of the jaw." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010725
name: M. coracoradialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates from the omosternum and epicoracoid cartilage and inserts on the proximal radioulna." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010728
name: opercular element
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Round, flat bone or cartilage that lies in the fenestra ovalis and articulates with the columella." [AAO:DBW]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010729
name: M. coracobrachialis longus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates as a long belly from the dorsal coracoid near the sternum and inserts on the shaft of the humerus." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010730
name: pterygoideus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010731
name: M. coracobrachialis brevis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates on the dorsal surface of the coracoid and scapula and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010734
name: M. flexor carpi ulnaris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Muscle which originates from the medial condyle of the humerus and inserts on the carpus." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010737
name: M. palmaris longus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the palmar aponeurosis." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010738
name: M. palmaris profundis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the ulnar aspect of the radioulna and inserts on the palmar aponeurosis." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010739
name: M. flexor antibrachii medialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the radial aspect of the radioulna." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010741
name: M. ulnocarpalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates along distal third of the ulna and inserts on the ulnare." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010742
name: interhyoideus posterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010743
name: M. flexor antibrachii lateralis superficialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates as a superior and inferior head. The superior head originates on the outer edge of the humerus and the inferior head originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Both bellies converge to form a tendon, which inserts on the carpus and the extensor tendon of digit I." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010744
name: M. flexor antibrachii lateralis profundus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the lower ridge of the radioulna." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010745
name: M. coccygeosacralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the lateral surface of the urostyle and inserts on the neural arch of the sacrum or on the sacral diapophysis." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010746
name: T-shaped terminal phalanx
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx

[Term]
id: AAO:0010747
name: submentalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010748
name: M. coccygeoiliacus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the lateral surface of the urostyle and passes ventral to the sacral diapophysis to insert on the anterior and medial surfaces of the ilial shaft." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010749
name: M. iliolumbaris
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the anterior and lateral aspect of the ilial shaft and inserts on the transverse processes of presacral vertebrae IV-VII." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010758
name: M. coccygeocutaneus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates from the posterior tip of the urostyle and inserts on the cloacal musculature and the overlying skin." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: AAO:0010772
name: M. dorsalis trunci
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the postero-dorsal edge of the postzygopophyses and insert on the dorsal surface of the neural arch of the posterior, adjacent vertebra." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0008778 ! epaxial musclulature

[Term]
id: AAO:0010783
name: m. oblique externus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Originates on the posterior margin of the suprascapula and the epaxial fascia and inserts ventrally on the lateral fascia of the M. rectus abdominus and the ilial shaft." [AAO:MEJ]
is_a: UBERON:0008777 ! hypaxial musclulature

[Term]
id: AAO:0010784
name: m. oblique internus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A muscular sheet in which the fibers run in right angles to those of the m. oblique externus, slanting downward anteriorly. This is one of three sheets composing the flank musculature." [AAO:BJB]
is_a: UBERON:0008777 ! hypaxial musclulature

[Term]
id: AAO:0010785
name: m. transversus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0008777 ! hypaxial musclulature

[Term]
id: AAO:0010786
name: pars subvertebralis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0008777 ! hypaxial musclulature

[Term]
id: AAO:0010787
name: pars transversalis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0008777 ! hypaxial musclulature

[Term]
id: AAO:0010789
name: m. rectus abdominis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0008777 ! hypaxial musclulature

[Term]
id: AAO:0010790
name: m. rectus abdominis superficialis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0010789 ! m. rectus abdominis

[Term]
id: AAO:0010792
name: m. rectus abdominis profundus
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0010789 ! m. rectus abdominis

[Term]
id: AAO:0010793
name: m. ypsiloideus anterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Hypaxial muscle in which contraction elevates the ypsiloid cartilage; originates from the anterior edge of the lateral process of the ypsiloid cartilage and insert on the anteriorly adjacent inscription." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0008777 ! hypaxial musclulature

[Term]
id: AAO:0010797
name: m. ypsiloideus posterior
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Contraction depresses the ypsiloid cartilage; arises from the anterodorsal edge of the pubis deep to the m. rectus abdominis profundus and spreads anteriorly in a fan shape to insert on the lateral edges of the shaft and the posterior edges of the lateral processes of the ypsiloid cartilage ." [AAO:BMZ]
is_a: UBERON:0008777 ! hypaxial musclulature

[Term]
id: AAO:0010820
name: suboccular arch
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0010821
name: hyoquadrate process
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A projection on the suboccular arch, ventral to the muscular process, that serves as the articulation point for the lateral process of the ceratohyal of the hyobranchial skeleton." [AAO:AMM]
is_a: UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0010824
name: processus triangularis
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: AAO:0010827
name: anterior prenasal cartilage
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006813 ! nasal skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010828
name: commissura terminales
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000682 ! hyoid apparatus skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010831
name: occipito-petrosal
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Fusion of the occipital segment or occipital ring and otic capsule (Francis, 1934)." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0000052 ! braincase and otic capsule skeleton

[Term]
id: AAO:0010832
name: occipital segment
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Metameric segment forming the back of the skull." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity
relationship: part_of AAO:0010831 ! occipito-petrosal

[Term]
id: AAO:0010834
name: Supraoccipital
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "Median, unpaired bone that can form the dorsal margin of the foramen magnum." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: AAO:0010832 ! occipital segment

[Term]
id: AAO:0010836
name: Posterolateral Supplementary Element
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A muscle slip arising from the ventral surface of the mandible by means of the ligament near the site of mandibular articulation. The fibers pass anteromedially and attach upon the ventral surfaces of the principal element of the m. intermandibularis (Tyler, 1971)." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010931 ! intermandibularis

[Term]
id: AAO:0010837
name: Apical Supplementary Element
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A muscle slip arising from the lingual surface of the mandible on each side of the m. submentalis. The fibers pass posteromedially and attach upon the median raphe of the principal element (Tyler, 1971)." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010931 ! intermandibularis

[Term]
id: AAO:0010838
name: Anterolateral Supplementary Element
namespace: amphibian_anatomy
def: "A muscle slip arising from the lingual surface of the mandible on the anterior portion of the bone. The fibers pass anteriorly, parallel to the mandible, and attach upon the ventral surface of the m. submentalis (Tyler, 1971)." [AAO:EJS]
is_a: UBERON:0010931 ! intermandibularis

[Term]
id: CL:0000092
name: osteoclast
namespace: cell
def: "A specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes. This cell has the following markers: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5-positive, PU.1-positive, c-fos-positive, nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit-positive, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A-positive and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-positive." [GO_REF:0000031, GOC:add, GOC:tfm, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:10428500, PMID:15055519, PMID:17380158]
comment: Morphology: Highly vesicular; markers: Surface: RANK, cFMS (MCSF receptor); Secreted: cathepsin K and TRAP (tartate resistant acid phosphatase); transcription factors: PU.1, cFOS, MITF, NFkB (p52); role or process: tissue remodelling: bone resorption; lineage: hematopoietic, myeloid.
synonym: "chondroclast" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000968
xref: FMA:66781
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: CL:0000188
name: skeletal muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: BTO:0004392
xref: FMA:9727
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: CL:0000189
name: slow muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A muscle cell that develops tension more slowly than a fast-twitch fiber." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0323052908]
synonym: "slow muscle fiber" EXACT [ISBN:0815316208]
xref: FMA:84448
is_a: CL:0002372 ! myotube
relationship: develops_from CL:0000857 ! slow muscle myoblast

[Term]
id: CL:0000190
name: fast muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A muscle cell that can develop high tension rapidly. It is usually innervated by a single alpha neuron ." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0323052908]
synonym: "glycolytic muscle fiber" EXACT []
is_a: CL:0002372 ! myotube
relationship: develops_from CL:0000858 ! fast muscle myoblast

[Term]
id: CL:0000214
name: synovial cell
namespace: cell
def: "A meso-epithelial cell that lies between the cartilaginous fibers in the synovial membrane of a joint and produces hyaluronic acid." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0721662544, PMID:17942474]
synonym: "hyaluronic acid secreting cell" EXACT []
synonym: "synoviocyte" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0003652
xref: FMA:66786
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002018 ! synovial membrane

[Term]
id: CL:0000355
name: muscle stem cell
namespace: cell
def: "A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types. Distinct cell type from satellite cell." [PMID:18282570]
xref: FMA:86767
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: CL:0000358
name: sphincter associated smooth muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A smooth muscle cell that is part of a sphincter. A sphincter is a typically circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning." [GOC:cjm]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle

[Term]
id: CL:0000388
name: tendon cell
namespace: cell
def: "A fibrocyte that is part of a tendon." [GOC:tfm]
synonym: "muscle attachment cell" EXACT []
synonym: "tenocyte" RELATED []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000043 ! tendon

[Term]
id: CL:0000515
name: skeletal muscle myoblast
namespace: cell
def: "A myoblast that differentiates into skeletal muscle fibers." [SANBI:mhl]
synonym: "skeletal myoblast" EXACT []
xref: FMA:84799
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: CL:0000556
name: megakaryocyte
namespace: cell
def: "A giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow; mature blood platelets are released from its cytoplasm." [ISBN:0721601464, MESH:D008533]
comment: Megakaryocytes are reportedly CD181-positive and CD182-positive.
synonym: "megacaryocyte" EXACT []
synonym: "megalocaryocyte" EXACT []
synonym: "megalokaryocyte" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000843
xref: FMA:83555
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow

[Term]
id: CL:0000557
name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell
namespace: cell
def: "A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is committed to the granulocyte and monocyte lineages. These cells are CD123-positive, and do not express Gata-1, Gata2 but do express C/EBPa, and Pu.1." [GO_REF:0000031, GOC:amm, GOC:dsd, GOC:tfm, http://www.copewithcytokines.de, ISBN:0721601464, MESH:D055014, PMCID:PMC2213186, PMCID:PMC548021, PMID:16551251]
comment: Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:0000042)(PMID: 19243617). GMPs are reportedly CD34-positive, CD38-positive, CD45RA-positive, and CD123-positive.
synonym: "CFU-C , Colony forming unit in culture" BROAD [http://www.copewithcytokines.de]
synonym: "CFU-GM" EXACT [ISBN:0721601464, PMCID:PMC2213186, PMCID:PMC548021]
synonym: "colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage" EXACT [ISBN:0721601464, PMCID:PMC2213186, PMCID:PMC548021]
synonym: "GMP" EXACT [ISBN:0721601464, PMCID:PMC2213186, PMCID:PMC548021]
synonym: "granulocyte-macrophage progenitor" EXACT [ISBN:0721601464, PMCID:PMC2213186, PMCID:PMC548021]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow

[Term]
id: CL:0000588
name: odontoclast
namespace: cell
def: "A specialized osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum." [GOC:add, MESH:A.11.329.679]
xref: BTO:0002516
xref: FMA:83027
is_a: CL:0000092 ! osteoclast

[Term]
id: CL:0000589
name: cochlear inner hair cell
namespace: cell
def: "A bulbous cell that is medially placed in one row in the organ of Corti. In contrast to the outer hair cells, the inner hair cells are fewer in number, have fewer sensory hairs, and are less differentiated." [MESH:A.08.663.650.250.250]
synonym: "inner hair cell" BROAD []
xref: BTO:0003667
xref: FMA:62365
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002227 ! spiral organ of cochlea

[Term]
id: CL:0000594
name: skeletal muscle satellite cell
namespace: cell
def: "An elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblast that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fibres. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration." [GOC:tfm, MESH:A.11.635.500.700]
is_a: CL:0000188 ! skeletal muscle cell

[Term]
id: CL:0000633
name: Hensen cell
namespace: cell
def: "A tall supporting cell that is arranged in rows adjacent to the last row of outer phalangeal cells. This cell type constitutes the outer border of the organ of Corti." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0721662544]
synonym: "cell of Hensen" EXACT []
synonym: "external limiting cell of organ of Corti" EXACT []
synonym: "Hensen's cell" EXACT []
xref: FMA:79799
is_a: CL:0002490 ! organ of Corti supporting cell

[Term]
id: CL:0000635
name: Deiter's cell
namespace: cell
def: "The outer phalangeal cells of the organ of Corti. This cell holds the base of the hair cell in a cup-shaped depression." [GOC:tfm, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/156177/Deiters-cell, ISBN:0721662544]
synonym: "Deiters cell" EXACT []
synonym: "outer phalangeal cell" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75725
is_a: CL:0002165 ! phalangeal cell

[Term]
id: CL:0000778
name: mononuclear osteoclast
namespace: cell
def: "A specialized mononuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of bone, precursor of multinuclear osteoclasts." [GOC:add, GOC:tfm, PMID:12713016, PMID:15055519, PMID:17380158, PMID:9415452]
comment: Morphology: mononuclear, highly vesicular.
is_a: CL:0000092 ! osteoclast

[Term]
id: CL:0000779
name: multinuclear osteoclast
namespace: cell
def: "A specialized multinuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of bone." [GOC:add, PMID:12713016, PMID:9415452]
comment: Morphology: multinucleated, highly vesicular.
synonym: "multinucleated osteoclast" EXACT []
is_a: CL:0000092 ! osteoclast
relationship: develops_from CL:0000778 ! mononuclear osteoclast

[Term]
id: CL:0000780
name: multinuclear odontoclast
namespace: cell
def: "A specialized multinuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum." [GOC:add, PMID:9415452]
comment: Morphology: multinucleated, highly vesicular; location: roots of deciduous (milk) teeth.
synonym: "multinucleated odontoclast" EXACT []
is_a: CL:0000588 ! odontoclast
is_a: CL:0000779 ! multinuclear osteoclast
relationship: develops_from CL:0000781 ! mononuclear odontoclast

[Term]
id: CL:0000781
name: mononuclear odontoclast
namespace: cell
def: "A specialized mononuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum." [GOC:add, PMID:9415452]
comment: Morphology: Mononuclear, highly vesicular; location: roots of deciduous (milk) teeth.
is_a: CL:0000588 ! odontoclast
is_a: CL:0000778 ! mononuclear osteoclast

[Term]
id: CL:0000857
name: slow muscle myoblast
namespace: cell
def: "A skeletal muscle myoblast that differentiates into slow muscle fibers." [SANBI:mhl]
is_a: CL:0000515 ! skeletal muscle myoblast

[Term]
id: CL:0000858
name: fast muscle myoblast
namespace: cell
def: "A skeletal muscle myoblast that differentiates into fast muscle fibers." [SANBI:mhl]
is_a: CL:0000515 ! skeletal muscle myoblast

[Term]
id: CL:0002001
name: CD34-positive, CD38-positive granulocyte monocyte progenitor
namespace: cell
def: "A granulocyte monocyte progenitor is CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL-3receptor-alpha-positive and is CD45RA-negative." [GOC:tfm, PMID:12615892, PMID:19022770]
comment: Markers are for human cells. According to different research groups, CD45RA is present or absent on this cell population.
is_a: CL:0000557 ! granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-01-13T03:19:22Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002002
name: Kit-positive granulocyte monocyte progenitor
namespace: cell
def: "A granulocyte monocyte progenitor that is Kit-positive, CD34-positive, Fc-gamma receptor II/II-positive, and is Sca-1-negative, Il7ra-negative, Cxc3r1-negative, and CD90-negative." [GOC:tfm, http://www.immgen.org/index_content.html, PMID:12615892, PMID:16322423, PMID:19022770, PMID:19273628]
comment: Markers are found on mouse cells.
is_a: CL:0000557 ! granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-01-13T03:19:28Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002026
name: CD34-negative, CD41-positive, CD42-positive megakaryocyte cell
namespace: cell
def: "A megakaryocyte progenitor cell that is CD34-negative, CD41-positive and CD42-positive." [GOC:ak, GOC:tfm, PMID:15232614]
comment: Markers are commonly associated with human cells.
is_a: CL:0000556 ! megakaryocyte
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-04-26T03:59:22Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002027
name: CD9-positive, CD41-positive megakaryocyte cell
namespace: cell
def: "A megakaryocyte cell with is CD9-positive and CD41-positive." [GOC:tfm]
comment: Markers are commonly associated with mouse cells.
is_a: CL:0000556 ! megakaryocyte
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-04-27T10:39:07Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002092
name: bone marrow cell
namespace: cell
def: "A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0618947256]
xref: BTO:0004850
xref: FMA:83621
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-07-22T04:48:15Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002163
name: internal pillar cell of cochlea
namespace: cell
def: "A rod-shpaed cell that forms a single row adjacent to and supporting the inner hair cells." [GOC:tfm, http://www.theodora.com/anatomy/the_internal_ear_or_labyrinth.html]
xref: FMA:75722
xref: FMA:75726
is_a: CL:1000191 ! pillar cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-08-25T11:05:21Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002164
name: external pillar cell of cochlea
namespace: cell
def: "A rod-shaped cell found in 3 or 4 rows that lie adjacent to and support the outer hair cells." [GOC:tfm, http://www.theodora.com/anatomy/the_internal_ear_or_labyrinth.html]
xref: FMA:75727
is_a: CL:1000191 ! pillar cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-08-25T11:05:23Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002165
name: phalangeal cell
namespace: cell
def: "A supporting cell that is attached to the basement membrane and forms rows that support the hair cells." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0618947256]
xref: FMA:79800
is_a: CL:0002490 ! organ of Corti supporting cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-08-25T01:29:07Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002166
name: epithelial cell of Malassez
namespace: cell
def: "An epithelial cell that remains from the disintegration of the epithelial root sheath involved in the development of teeth." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0517223651, ISBN:0815129521]
synonym: "epithelial cell rests of Malassez " EXACT []
synonym: "epithelial debris of Malassez" EXACT []
xref: FMA:62987
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-08-26T08:51:27Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002172
name: interdental cell
namespace: cell
def: "A  long, spindle-shaped supporting cells arranged in parallel rowsthat secretes components of the tectorial membrane and potassium ions into the endolymph." [GOC:tfm, MP:0004482, PMID:2111803]
xref: FMA:79797
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002276 ! lamina of spiral limbus
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-08-25T02:02:48Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002210
name: red muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A slow muscle cell that contains high levels of myoglobin and oxygen storing proteins giving the cell a red appearance." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0517223651]
synonym: "oxidative muscle fiber" EXACT []
synonym: "red muscle fiber" EXACT []
xref: FMA:84448
is_a: CL:0002372 ! myotube
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-02T03:20:03Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002211
name: type I muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A slow muscle cell that has large amounts of myoglobin, stores energy as triglycerides, generates ATP by the oxidative method and is resistant to fatigue." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0517223651]
synonym: "slow twitch fiber" EXACT []
synonym: "slow twitch muscle cell" EXACT []
synonym: "type 1 muscle cell" EXACT []
synonym: "type 1 muscle fiber" EXACT []
synonym: "type I muscle fiber" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001812
xref: FMA:84413
is_a: CL:0000189 ! slow muscle cell
is_a: CL:0002210 ! red muscle cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-02T03:24:05Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002212
name: type II muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A fast muscle fiber cell that stores energy in the form of glycogen and creatine phosphate." [GOC:tfm]
synonym: "type 2 muscle cell" EXACT []
synonym: "type 2 muscle fiber" EXACT []
synonym: "type II muscle fiber" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001813
xref: FMA:84414
is_a: CL:0000190 ! fast muscle cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-02T03:28:45Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002213
name: white muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A muscle cell with low content of myoglobin and other oxygen storing proteins. This muscle cell has a white appearance." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0517223651]
xref: FMA:84449
is_a: CL:0000190 ! fast muscle cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-02T03:28:48Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002214
name: type IIa muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A type II muscle cell that contain  large amounts of myoglobin, have many mitochondria and very many blood capillaries. Type II A cells are red, have a very high capacity for generating ATP by oxidative metabolic processes, split ATP at a very rapid rate, have a fast contraction velocity and are resistant to fatigue." [GOC:tfm]
synonym: "fast twitch A" EXACT []
synonym: "fatigue resistant fast twitch muscle cell" EXACT []
synonym: "type 2a muscle cell" EXACT []
synonym: "type 2a muscle fiber" EXACT []
synonym: "type IIa muscle fiber" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001813
xref: FMA:84415
is_a: CL:0002210 ! red muscle cell
is_a: CL:0002212 ! type II muscle cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-02T03:31:38Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002215
name: type IIb muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A type II muscle cell that contains a low content of myoglobin, relatively few mitochondria, relatively few blood capillaries and large amounts glycogen. Type II B fibres are white, geared to generate ATP by anaerobic metabolic processes, not able to supply skeletal muscle fibres continuously with sufficient ATP, fatigue easily, split ATP at a fast rate and have a fast contraction velocity." [GOC:tfm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_muscle, ISBN:0517223651]
synonym: "type 2b muscle cell" EXACT []
synonym: "type 2b muscle fiber" EXACT []
synonym: "type IIb muscle fiber" EXACT []
xref: FMA:84416
is_a: CL:0002212 ! type II muscle cell
is_a: CL:0002213 ! white muscle cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-02T03:31:42Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002216
name: intermediate muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "An intermediate muscle cell that has characteristics of both fast and slow muscle cells." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:84450
is_a: CL:0002372 ! myotube
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-02T03:51:17Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002243
name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil
namespace: cell
def: "A circular smooth muscle cell of the iris, innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), and acting to contract the pupil. This muscle cell derives from neuroectoderm. This smooth muscle cell results from transformation of epithelial cells to smooth muscle cells." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0721662544, ISBN:0721694128]
synonym: "smooth muscle fiber of sphincter of pupil" EXACT []
synonym: "smooth muscle fibre of sphincter of pupil" RELATED []
xref: FMA:70611
is_a: CL:0000358 ! sphincter associated smooth muscle cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001607 ! sphincter pupillae
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-08T08:53:42Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002301
name: type B synovial cell
namespace: cell
def: "A synovial cell type that resembles fibroblasts,has  abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum but contains fewer vacuoles and vesicles. This cell type secretes glycoproteins and hyaluronic acid." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0517223651]
xref: FMA:66788
is_a: CL:0000214 ! synovial cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-13T03:39:14Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002302
name: type A synovial cell
namespace: cell
def: "A synovial cell that is macrophage-like, characterized by surface ruffles or lamellipodia, plasma membrane invaginations and associated micropinocytotic vesicles, Golgi apparatus and little granular endoplasmic reticulum." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0517223651]
synonym: "type A synoviocyte" EXACT []
xref: FMA:66787
is_a: CL:0000214 ! synovial cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-13T03:39:17Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002366
name: myometrial cell
namespace: cell
def: "A smooth muscle cell of the myometrium that enlarges and stretches during pregnancy, and contracts in response to oxytocin." [GOC:tfm, PMID:11429640]
synonym: "myometrium smooth muscle cell" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0004519
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001296 ! myometrium
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-23T03:46:34Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002372
name: myotube
namespace: cell
alt_id: CL:0000369
def: "A myotube is a multinucleated cells that is formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse." [GOC:tfm, ISBN:0323052908]
synonym: "myotubule" EXACT []
synonym: "single cell sarcomere" EXACT []
synonym: "skeletal muscle fiber" EXACT []
is_a: CL:0000188 ! skeletal muscle cell
relationship: develops_from CL:0000515 ! skeletal muscle myoblast
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-09-24T01:13:01Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002486
name: strial intermediate cell
namespace: cell
def: "A melanocyte located between the epithelial marginal cell layer and the mesodermal basal cell layer within the intrastrial space; the predominant cellular component of the electrogenic machinery that generates an endocochlear potential (80-100 mV) ." [GOC:tfm, MP:0000048]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002282 ! stria vascularis of cochlear duct
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-12-03T03:29:15Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002490
name: organ of Corti supporting cell
namespace: cell
def: "A supporting cell of the organ of Corti." [GOC:tfm, MP:0004300]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002227 ! spiral organ of cochlea
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2010-12-06T03:09:01Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002539
name: aortic smooth muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A smooth muscle cell of the aorta." [GOC:tfm]
xref: BTO:0004577
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004178 ! aorta smooth muscle tissue
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2011-02-28T01:42:12Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002540
name: mesenchymal stem cell of the bone marrow
namespace: cell
def: "A mesenchymal stem cell that is part of the bone marrow." [GOC:tfm]
is_a: CL:0002092 ! bone marrow cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2011-02-28T01:47:47Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002556
name: fibroblast of periodontium
namespace: cell
def: "A fibroblast of the periodontium." [GOC:tfm]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001758 ! periodontium
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2011-02-28T05:19:48Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002564
name: nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc
namespace: cell
def: "A connective tissue cell of the nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc." [GOC:tfm]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002242 ! nucleus pulposus
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2011-03-02T02:12:23Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002572
name: vertebral mesenchymal stem cell
namespace: cell
def: "A mesenchymal stem cell of the vertebrae." [GOC:tfm]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2011-03-01T10:40:27Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002602
name: annulus pulposus cell
namespace: cell
synonym: "anulus pulposus cell" EXACT []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004715 ! annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2011-03-06T06:50:53Z

[Term]
id: CL:0002673
name: tongue muscle cell
namespace: cell
def: "A skeletal muscle cell that is part of the tongue." [GOC:tfm, PMID:18816858]
is_a: CL:0000188 ! skeletal muscle cell
created_by: tmeehan
creation_date: 2011-08-16T03:10:02Z

[Term]
id: CL:0005015
name: inner phalangeal cell
namespace: cell
def: "An auditory epithelial support cell that surrounds the nerve fibers and synapses of the auditory inner hair cells." [CL:CVS]
xref: FMA:79801
is_a: CL:0002165 ! phalangeal cell

[Term]
id: CL:1000191
name: pillar cell
namespace: cell
def: "A rod-like cell in the inner ear, having their heads joined and their bases on the basilar membrane widely separated so as to form a spiral tunnel known as the tunnel of Corti." [GOC:tfm, PMID:12417662]
synonym: "cochlear pillar cell" RELATED []
synonym: "pillar cell of cochlea" EXACT []
synonym: "pillar cell of corti" EXACT []
synonym: "rod cell of Corti" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75722
is_a: CL:0002490 ! organ of Corti supporting cell

[Term]
id: CL:1000368
name: transitional myocyte of anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: cell
def: "A transitional myocyte that is part of the anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:263166
is_a: CL:1000481 ! transitional myocyte of atrioventricular bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005986 ! left branch of atrioventricular bundle

[Term]
id: CL:1000369
name: transitional myocyte of septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: cell
def: "A transitional myocyte that is part of the septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:263168
is_a: CL:1000481 ! transitional myocyte of atrioventricular bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005986 ! left branch of atrioventricular bundle

[Term]
id: CL:1000370
name: transitional myocyte of left branch of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: cell
def: "A transitional myocyte that is part of the left branch of atrioventricular bundle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:263170
is_a: CL:1000481 ! transitional myocyte of atrioventricular bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005986 ! left branch of atrioventricular bundle

[Term]
id: CL:1000371
name: transitional myocyte of right branch of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: cell
def: "A transitional myocyte that is part of the right branch of atrioventricular bundle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:263172
is_a: CL:1000481 ! transitional myocyte of atrioventricular bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005987 ! right branch of atrioventricular bundle

[Term]
id: CL:1000372
name: transitional myocyte of atrial part of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: cell
def: "A transitional myocyte that is part of the atrial part of atrioventricular bundle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:263174
is_a: CL:1000481 ! transitional myocyte of atrioventricular bundle

[Term]
id: CL:1000373
name: transitional myocyte of ventricular part of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: cell
def: "A transitional myocyte that is part of the ventricular part of atrioventricular bundle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:263176
is_a: CL:1000481 ! transitional myocyte of atrioventricular bundle

[Term]
id: CL:1000374
name: transitional myocyte of posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: cell
def: "A transitional myocyte that is part of the posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:263178
is_a: CL:1000481 ! transitional myocyte of atrioventricular bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005986 ! left branch of atrioventricular bundle

[Term]
id: CL:1000375
name: myocardial endocrine cell of septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: cell
def: "A myocardial endocrine cell that is part of the septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:263180
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005986 ! left branch of atrioventricular bundle

[Term]
id: CL:1000409
name: myocyte of sinuatrial node
namespace: cell
def: "A muscle cell that is part of the sinuatrial node." [FMA:67102, GOC:tfm]
synonym: "myocyte of sinoatrial node" EXACT [FMA:67102]
synonym: "SA nodal myocyte" EXACT [FMA:67102]
synonym: "sinuatrial node myocyte" EXACT [FMA:67102]
xref: FMA:67102
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002351 ! sinoatrial node

[Term]
id: CL:1000410
name: myocyte of atrioventricular node
namespace: cell
def: "A muscle cell that is part of the atrioventricular node." [FMA:67106, GOC:tfm]
synonym: "atrioventricular node myocyte" EXACT [FMA:67106]
synonym: "AV nodal myocyte" EXACT [FMA:67106]
xref: FMA:67106
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002352 ! atrioventricular node

[Term]
id: CL:1000445
name: myoepithelial cell of dilator pupillae
namespace: cell
def: "A myoepithelial cell that is part of the dilatator pupillae." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:70619
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001608 ! dilatator pupillae

[Term]
id: CL:1000477
name: pacemaker cell of sinuatrial node
namespace: cell
def: "A nodal myocyte that is part of the sinuatrial node." [GOC:tfm]
synonym: "pacemaker cell of sinoatrial node" EXACT []
xref: FMA:83383
is_a: CL:1000409 ! myocyte of sinuatrial node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002351 ! sinoatrial node

[Term]
id: CL:1000478
name: transitional myocyte of sinuatrial node
namespace: cell
def: "A transitional myocyte that is part of the sinuatrial node." [GOC:tfm]
synonym: "transitinal myocyte of sinoatrial node" EXACT []
xref: FMA:83384
is_a: CL:1000409 ! myocyte of sinuatrial node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002351 ! sinoatrial node

[Term]
id: CL:1000479
name: purkinje myocyte of atrioventricular node
namespace: cell
def: "A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular node." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:83386
is_a: CL:1000410 ! myocyte of atrioventricular node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002352 ! atrioventricular node

[Term]
id: CL:1000481
name: transitional myocyte of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: cell
def: "A transitional myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular bundle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:83388
xref: FMA:83885
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002353 ! atrioventricular bundle

[Term]
id: CL:1000484
name: purkinje myocyte of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: cell
def: "A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular bundle." [GOC:tfm]
xref: FMA:83393
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002353 ! atrioventricular bundle

[Term]
id: CL:1000702
name: kidney pelvis smooth muscle cell
namespace: cell
xref: KUPO:0001113
is_a: CL:1000979 ! ureter smooth muscle cell
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004227 ! kidney pelvis smooth muscle

[Term]
id: CL:1000979
name: ureter smooth muscle cell
namespace: cell
xref: KUPO:0001118
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006855 ! ureter muscle layer

[Term]
id: TAO:0000015
name: dermopalatine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral region of the palate and is located ventral to the autopalatine. The dermopalatine is bilaterally paired and usually bears teeth." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: In ostariophysans, the dermopalatine is absent.
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011085 ! dorsal pharyngeal arch 1

[Term]
id: TAO:0000103
name: supramaxilla
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is located on the dorsal margin of the maxilla, usually at the dorso-posterior region of maxilla. The supramaxilla is a paired bone." [TAO:ga_tg]
comment: The supramaxilla may be present as one or two bones.
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000104
name: suprapreopercle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is located dorsal to the preopercle or lies on the antero-dorsal corner of the opercle, and encloses the upper section of the preopercular canal. The suprapreopercle is paired." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: Synonyms:\nsupraopercle (Roberts 1969)\nsupraopercular bone (Buckup 1998)
synonym: "supraopercle" EXACT []
synonym: "supraopercular bone" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000116
name: macula lagena
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: TAO:0000127
name: antorbital
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone positioned as the first bone of the infraorbital series. The antorbital articulates with the lacrimal or infraorbital 1 anteroventrally and the supraorbital posterodorsally. The antorbital is a paired bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The antorbital in some teleosts fuses with the lacrimal. The antorbital contains the end branch of the infraorbital canal or neuromasts for the infraorbital canal in basal teleosts such as elopiformes, some osteoglossomorphs and fossil basal teleosts.
synonym: "adnasal" EXACT [TAO:Goodrich_1930, TAO:Regan_1923]
synonym: "lateral rostral" EXACT [TAO:Jollie_1984]
synonym: "perorbital" EXACT [TAO:Bridge_1877]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000167
name: anal fin skeleton
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Median fin skeleton that is located posterior to the anus." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001123 ! median fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000169
name: basisphenoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "An endochondral bone that is located ventral to the pterosphenoid and dorsal to the parasphenoid. Basisphenoid is a median bone that is usually Y-shaped." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003111 ! sphenoid region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000171
name: interhyal bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates dorsally with the hyosymplectic cartilage or the articulation of the hyomandibula and symplectic." [TAO:wd]
comment: It articulates ventrally with the posterior end of the posterior ceratohyal.
synonym: "stylohyal" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001892 ! interhyal element
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001511 ! interhyal cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001841 ! interhyal-epihyal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0000177
name: caudal oblique
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000195
name: dorsal depressor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000648 ! dorsal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000196
name: dorsal hypohyal bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the anterior ceratohyal posteriorly and the ventral hypohyal bone ventrally." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "dorsohyal" EXACT []
synonym: "upper hypohyal" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001400 ! ceratohyal cartilage
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001868 ! hypohyal cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001843 ! ceratohyal-dorsal hypohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001845 ! dorsal hypohyal-ventral hypohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001847 ! dorsal hypohyal-urohyal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0000201
name: dorsal transverse
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "transversus dorsalis" EXACT []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000203
name: rhinosphenoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "An endochondral bone which is located anterior to the orbitosphenoid and medial to the paired lateral ethmoid. Rhinosphenoid is a median bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003111 ! sphenoid region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000205
name: external ventral flexor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000628 ! caudal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000216
name: infracarinalis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: TAO:0000221
name: internal levator
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000224
name: quadrate ventral process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the ventral, posteriorly-oriented bony extension of the quadrate." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006597 ! quadrate

[Term]
id: TAO:0000226
name: lateral ethmoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that separates the olfactory region from the orbit, extends medially to meet its fellow medially below the frontal bones and is bordered by the mesethmoid anteriorly. It may articulate with the autopalatine and infraorbital 1 laterally. The lateral ethmoid is paired." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006604 ! lamina orbitonasalis
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001608 ! autopalatine-lateral ethmoid joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001679 ! mesethmoid-lateral ethmoid joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001941 ! orbitosphenoid-lateral ethmoid joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0002032 ! lateral ethmoid-frontal joint
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000230
name: longitudinal hypochordal
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000628 ! caudal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000236
name: mandibular muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "mandibular muscles" EXACT PLURAL []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004467 ! musculature of pharynx

[Term]
id: TAO:0000239
name: mesocoracoid bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that articulates laterally with the medial surface of the cleithrum and ventro-medially with the scapula and coracoid. Meoscoracoid bone is a small, arch-like bone that develops from the mesocoracoid cartilage. Mesocoracoid bone is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001537 ! mesocoracoid cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000240
name: metapterygoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that forms the posteriormost element of the palatal complex. It overlies the quadrate and symplectic, posteriorly it articulates with the hyomandibula and anteriorly with the entopterygoid and ectopterygoid. It curves dorsally to form the posteroventral surface of the orbit. The metapterygoid is paired." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001803 ! quadrate-metapterygoid joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001979 ! hyomandibula-metapterygoid joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011085 ! dorsal pharyngeal arch 1

[Term]
id: TAO:0000250
name: opercle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that forms the postero-dorsal part of the opercular series. The opercle articulates with the hyomandibula antero-dorsally and with the subopercle ventrally. The opercle is a paired bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The opercle is usually a large, flat bone that may be partially covered by the posterior region of the preopercle.
synonym: "opercles" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "operculare" EXACT []
synonym: "operculum" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001710 ! opercle-interopercle joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0002282 ! preopercle-opercle joint
relationship: part_of TAO:0001401 ! dorsal hyoid arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000261
name: pharyngohyoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000263
name: precaudal vertebra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Post-Weberian vertebrae lacking hemal spines (Weitzman, 1962), refers generally to the anterior vertebral region bounding the abdominal cavity. Alternate but not quite synonymous terms are abdominal or trunk vertebrae, which bear parapophyses and ribs. In many actinopterygians dorsal to the posterior abdominal cavity there are transitional vertebrae lacking ribs but also without hemal spines or sometimes even enclosed hemal arches. The primary definition would identify these vertebrae as precaudal. Bird and Mabee, 2003." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "abdominal vertebrae" EXACT []
synonym: "precaudal vertebrae" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "trunk vertebrae" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0000264
name: preopercle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is part of the opercular series and bears the preopercular sensory canal. The preopercle is a paired bone and typically L-shaped, with the horizontal limb overlying the interopercle and the vertical limb overlying the opercle." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "preopercles" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "preoperculum" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: overlaps TAO:0002282 ! preopercle-opercle joint
relationship: part_of TAO:0001401 ! dorsal hyoid arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000268
name: anal fin proximal radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Rod-like internal median skeletal support bones of the anal fin, which articulate with the distal radials." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "basal radial of anal fin" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal anal-fin radial" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001671 ! anal fin radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0001420 ! anal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0000269
name: inferior ventral flexor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000628 ! caudal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000271
name: radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Radials are the internal skeletal supports of the median and paired fins." [TAO:wd]
comment: Radials may be cartilaginous or bony; always present at the base of fins; typically support lepidotrichia.
synonym: "actinost" RELATED []
synonym: "radials" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0000283
name: sternohyoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000236 ! mandibular muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000284
name: subopercle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is part of the opercular series, lying below the opercle. The subopercle is paired and is typically a thin bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "subopercles" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001401 ! dorsal hyoid arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000285
name: superficial adductor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007269 ! pectoral appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000286
name: superficial lateralis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: TAO:0000287
name: superior dorsal flexor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000628 ! caudal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000288
name: supracarinalis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: TAO:0000289
name: preopercle horizontal limb
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A dermal bone that is the lower, horizontal portion of the preopercle bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "preopercle horizontal arm" EXACT []
synonym: "preopercle lower limb" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0000264 ! preopercle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000300
name: ventral hypohyal bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the ceratohyal bone posteriorly and the dorsal hypohyal bone dorsally." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "lower hypohyal" EXACT []
synonym: "ventrohyal" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001400 ! ceratohyal cartilage
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001868 ! hypohyal cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001844 ! ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001845 ! dorsal hypohyal-ventral hypohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001846 ! inter-ventral hypohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001848 ! ventral hypohyal-urohyal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0000311
name: adductor mandibulae complex
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: develops_from TAO:0007049 ! adductor mandibulae
relationship: part_of TAO:0000236 ! mandibular muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000313
name: anal inclinator
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0001154 ! anal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000315
name: asteriscus
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "lagenar otolith" EXACT []
synonym: "lagenolith" EXACT []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: TAO:0000316
name: basihyal bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that is median and is the anterior-most bone of the ventral hyoid arch." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "basihyoid" EXACT []
synonym: "glossohyal" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001891 ! basihyal element
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001510 ! basihyal cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0000321
name: caudal levator
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000323
name: mesethmoid bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that extends forward from the frontal bones and articulates posterolaterally with the lateral ethmoids and the vomer and parasphenoid ventrally. The mesethmoid is an unpaired median bone." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "ethmoid" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001405 ! ethmoid cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005945 ! neurocranial trabecula
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001676 ! mesethmoid-premaxillary joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001677 ! mesethmoid-nasal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001678 ! mesethmoid-frontal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001679 ! mesethmoid-lateral ethmoid joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001680 ! mesethmoid-vomer joint
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000336
name: preopercle vertical limb
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A dermal bone that is the upper, vertical portion of the preopercle bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "ascending arm of preopercle" EXACT []
synonym: "preopercle upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "preopercle vertical arm " EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0000264 ! preopercle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000337
name: basioccipital posterodorsal region
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone which is the posterodorsal region of the basioccipital bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001692 ! basioccipital bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0000341
name: dorsal flexor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000628 ! caudal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000342
name: dorsal inclinator
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000648 ! dorsal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000348
name: exoccipital posteroventral region
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone which is the posterodorsal region of the basioccipital bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001693 ! exoccipital bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0000349
name: epaxialis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: TAO:0000350
name: epipleural
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epipleurals lie below the horizontal septum and are posteroventrally directed. There are ossified epipleurals in certain ostariophysans. In many lower elopocephalan teleosts including ostariophysans the epipleural bones develop an anterodorsal branch so that they are forked proximally." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000526 ! intermuscular bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0000356
name: gill raker
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is a projection present on the inner surface of a branchial arch." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "gill rakers" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "gill-raker" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000362
name: hypaxialis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: TAO:0000363
name: hypobranchial bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates medially with a median skeletal element and laterally with a ceratobranchial cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001893 ! hypobranchial element
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001522 ! hypobranchial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0000364
name: hypural
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Laterally flattened haemal spine of an ural vertebra that lacks its arch and supports a few principal caudal lepidotrichia distally. A hypural may articulate or fuse with its ural centrum proximally or may lie ventral to the notochord. A hypural is an unpaired median bone that ossifies perichondrally. (Modified from Monod, 1968 and Arratia and Schultze, 1992)." [TAO:GA_TG, ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "hyp" EXACT []
synonym: "hypuralia" EXACT []
synonym: "hypurals" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: TAO:0001364 ! hemal spine
relationship: part_of TAO:0002067 ! upper hypural set
relationship: part_of TAO:0002068 ! lower hypural set
relationship: part_of TAO:0002162 ! ural vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0000371
name: internal pharyngoclavicularis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000373
name: dorsal fin actinotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Actinotrichium that is part of the dorsal fin skeleton." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of TAO:0001124 ! dorsal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000375
name: anal fin actinotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Actinotrichium that is part of the anal fin skeleton." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of TAO:0000167 ! anal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000376
name: infraorbital
namespace: teleost_anatomy
alt_id: TAO:0000489
def: "Dermal bone that is located anterior, ventral or posterior to the eye. Infraorbital bones may or may not contain the infraorbital sensory canal. Infraorbital bones are numbered starting with the anteriormost element of the series." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "circumorbital series" EXACT []
synonym: "infraorbital series" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000384
name: levator arcus palatini
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000236 ! mandibular muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000410
name: postcleithrum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone placed postero-medially to the supracleithrum and/or cleithrum." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
comment: Commonly, the postcleithra form a bilateral series including one to three flat, thin postcleithra of variable shapes (in teleosts). Basal teleosts may have a series up to seven postcleithra (see Arratia 1984 and 1997 and references herein).
synonym: "postclavicle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000419
name: pterosphenoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that sutures with the orbitosphenoid anteriorly, the frontal bone dorsally and the sphenotic and prootic posteriorly. The pterosphenoid forms part of the orbitosphenoid region. The pterosphenoid bears foramina that accommodate branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves. The pterosphenoid is a paired bone." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "alisphenoid" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001515 ! taenia marginalis posterior
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001831 ! pterosphenoid-orbitosphenoid joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0002033 ! prootic-pterosphenoid joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0002217 ! parasphenoid-pterosphenoid joint
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003111 ! sphenoid region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000422
name: retroarticular
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "The retroarticular is a cartilage bone that forms at the posteroventral tip of Meckel's cartilage where the interoperculomandibular ligament attaches (5.1 mm NL). In the adult it is basically triangular in shape. The retroarticular is ligamentously connected to the interopercle and preopercle posteriorly and abuts the ventral shelf of the dentary anteriorly." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003107 ! Meckel's cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: TAO:0000429
name: scaphium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural arch and Weberian ossicle that is reduced in size relative to other neural arches. Scaphium has a process which articulates with the first centrum." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "second Weberian ossicle" EXACT []
synonym: "Weberian ossicle 2" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000461 ! Weberian ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0000437
name: caudal fin actinotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Actinotrichium that is part of the caudal fin skeleton." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000438
name: parhypural
namespace: teleost_anatomy
alt_id: TAO:0000562
def: "Haemal spine of last hemal arch that is pierced by the haemal canal through which the caudal vessels pass or haemal arch of preural centrum 1. Its distal part commonly supports lepidotrichia. The parhypural is an unpaired median haemal spine." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The parhypural is frequently confused with the arch plus spine of preural centrum 1.
synonym: "hemal spine of preural centrum 1" EXACT []
synonym: "parahypural" EXACT []
synonym: "parhyural" EXACT []
synonym: "phy" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001364 ! hemal spine
relationship: part_of TAO:0000557 ! preural 1 vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0000439
name: superficial pelvic abductor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007270 ! pelvic appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000442
name: supraneural bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that is median and located in the dorsal skeletogenous septum between the cranium and the dorsal fin." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "predorsal" EXACT []
synonym: "predorsal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "sn" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000452
name: urohyal
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tendon bone that forms in the tendon of the sternohyoid muscles ventral to the anterior end of copula 1. The urohyal associates by ligaments to the ventral hypohyals or it articulates with the ventral hypohyals. The urohyal is an unpaired bone." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
comment: The urohyal forms as a single ossification in most teleosts, or as a paired ossification.
synonym: "parurohyal" EXACT [TAO:Arratia_Schultze_1990]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001847 ! dorsal hypohyal-urohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001848 ! ventral hypohyal-urohyal joint
relationship: part_of TAO:0001402 ! ventral hyoid arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000455
name: ventral flexor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000628 ! caudal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000461
name: Weberian ossicle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bone that is an element associated with a Weberian vertebra." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "Weberian ossicles" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001871 ! Weberian ossicle set

[Term]
id: TAO:0000462
name: abductor hyohyoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000463
name: adductor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000465
name: adductor operculi
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000466
name: anal depressor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0001154 ! anal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000474
name: intercalar
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Small membrane bone homologous with a cartilage bone in more basal fishes (Patterson, 1977). Situated between the exoccipital and the pterotic at point of attachment of short ligament that originates on the ventral arm of the posttemporal." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "opisthotic" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0007842 ! membrane bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 ! otic region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000476
name: branchiostegal ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is a flattened element that supports the branchiostegal membrane. Branchiostegal rays are generally present in a series articulating ventrally or ventro-medially with the anterior and posterior ceratobranchials whereas the most posterior ray articulates with the subopercle. The branchiostegal ray is paired." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: Although the branchiostegals are articulated or attached to the hyoid arch, they belong to the opercular series. Branchiostegal rays are of variable shape and number and their homology is problematic. Usually they are numbered from anterior to posterior elements, instead from posterior to anteriorly considering that the last element of the series is consistently associated to the subopercle. For a survey of branchiostegal rays see Mc Allister (1968).
synonym: "branchiostegal rays" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001849 ! epihyal-branchiostegal ray joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001850 ! ceratohyal-branchiostegal ray joint
relationship: part_of TAO:0001402 ! ventral hyoid arch
relationship: part_of TAO:0002101 ! branchiostegal ray series

[Term]
id: TAO:0000488
name: ceratobranchial bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that is bilaterally paired and forms part of the ventral branchial arches." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001898 ! ceratobranchial element
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001516 ! ceratobranchial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0000492
name: coracoradialis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007269 ! pectoral appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000495
name: infraorbital 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the fifth bone of the infraorbital series." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "dermosphenotic" RELATED []
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0000497
name: pelvic adductor profundus
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007270 ! pelvic appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000498
name: dilator operculi
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000236 ! mandibular muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000499
name: dorsal arrector
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007269 ! pectoral appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000500
name: dorsal erector
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000648 ! dorsal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000503
name: dorsal oblique branchial muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "dorsal oblique branchial muscles" EXACT PLURAL []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000504
name: dorsal retractor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000507
name: epineural
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Some or all epineural bones ossify free from the neural arches in most teleosts. In some lower teleosts, e.g., Leptolepis, Hiodon, elopiforms and albuliforms, ossification proceeds from the attachment point of the ligament to the arch, and the epineural is a process of the neural arch. In many lower teleosts epineurals are forked proximally." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000526 ! intermuscular bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0000508
name: pelvic fin radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pelvic fin radials are internal skeletal supports of the pelvic fin." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pelvic actinost" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvic radial" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000271 ! radial
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010711 ! pelvic fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000510
name: external levatores
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000522
name: inferior hyohyoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000525
name: intercalarium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural arch and Weberian ossicle that has been modified in shape relative to other neural arches. Intercalarium includes three parts: an anterolateral process (the manubrium) which is embedded in the interossicular ligament and the ascending and articulating processes." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "third Weberian ossicle" EXACT []
synonym: "Weberian ossicle 3" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000461 ! Weberian ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001093 ! second cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0000526
name: intermuscular bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Axial bone which is a segmental ossification that forms in the myoseptum." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: Intermuscular bones are found in teleosts fishes only.
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000527
name: pharyngobranchial bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone of the branchial arches located medial to the epibranchials." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "infrapharyngobranchial" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001909 ! pharyngobranchial element
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001533 ! pharyngobranchial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0000528
name: interradialis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0000628 ! caudal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000537
name: levator operculi
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000544
name: pectoral fin actinotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Actinotrichium that is part of the pectoral fin." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010710 ! pectoral fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000549
name: posttemporal
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone of the secondary pectoral girdle that attaches the girdle to the skull. Its dorsal process attaches to the epiotic or epioccipital, the ventral process to the intercalar and the body articulates with the supracleithrum. The postotic sensory canal or lateral line runs within or lateral to bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The posttemporal is commonly a Y-shaped bone with two elongate processes. The dorsal process may be equal or longer than the ventral process or the opposite. The ventral process may be absent in some teleosts.
synonym: "post-temporal" EXACT []
synonym: "postemporal" EXACT []
synonym: "suprascapula" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: overlaps TAO:0002059 ! posttemporal-parietal joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 ! otic region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000557
name: preural 1 vertebra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Last caudal vertebra identified as the point at which the caudal vessels bifurcate, leaving the protection of the haemal arches of the caudal vertebrae and running laterally to the hypurals. This vertebra bears, commonly, a well-developed haemal arch and its spine (parhypural)." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The haemal arch may be fused to the centrum or not. In contrast, the neural arch and spine may be well developed, or rudimentary or absent in different teleost subgroups.
synonym: "penultimate vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "preural centrum 1" EXACT []
synonym: "pu1" EXACT []
synonym: "second last vertebra" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000734 ! preural vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0000564
name: pelvic abductor profundus
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007270 ! pelvic appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000576
name: pterotic
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that articulates with the autosphenotic anteriorly, the parietal dorsomedially, the prootic ventrally (and the intercalar occasionally), and the epiotic and exoccipital posteriorly. The pterotic encloses the horizontal semicircular canal of the inner ear. The lower edge of the pterotic contributes to the hyomandibular facet. The pterotic is paired." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "autopterotic" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005410 ! cartilaginous otic capsule
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001711 ! frontal-pterotic joint
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 ! otic region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000578
name: anterior ceratohyal
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the hypohyal cartilage or bone, dorsal and ventral hypohyals, and posterior ceratohyal posteriorly." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "anterohyal" EXACT []
synonym: "ceratohyal" EXACT []
synonym: "ceratohyal anterior" EXACT []
synonym: "ceratohyal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "distal ceratohyal" EXACT []
synonym: "rostral ceratohyal" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001400 ! ceratohyal cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001842 ! epihyal-ceratohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001843 ! ceratohyal-dorsal hypohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001844 ! ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001850 ! ceratohyal-branchiostegal ray joint
relationship: part_of TAO:0001402 ! ventral hyoid arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0000585
name: kinethmoid cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Cranial cartilage which is a small median cartilage located between the premaxillae and anterodorsal to the ethmoid." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0000586
name: preural 2 vertebra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra anterior to preural centrum 1; sometimes termed the 'antepenultimate' vertebra. Mabee and Bird, 2001." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "antepenultimate vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "preural centrum 2" EXACT []
synonym: "pu2" EXACT []
synonym: "third last vertebra" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000734 ! preural vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0000587
name: sphenotic
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that sutures with the pterosphenoid anteriorly, the prootic ventrally, the frontal bone dorso-medially, and the pterotic dorso-posteriorly. Occasionally the sphenotic sutures with the parietal bone. The sphenotic separates the orbital from the otic region. The sphenotic bears a large antero-lateral or lateral or ventro-lateral process that borders the postero-dorsal margin of the orbit. The sphenotic is a paired bone." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: The lower edge of the sphenotic may contribute to the hyomandibular facet depending on the fish group.
synonym: "autosphenotic" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001515 ! taenia marginalis posterior
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006605 ! tectum synoticum
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 ! otic region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000592
name: superficial pelvic adductor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007270 ! pelvic appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000594
name: supracleithrum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that articulates dorsally with the posttemporal and ventrally with the cleithrum. Supracleithrum is part of the secondary pectoral girdle and commonly, carries part of the lateral line canal." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
comment: The dorsalmost postcleithrum or postcleithrum 1 may lie medial to the ventral part of the supracleithrum. The postotic canal or lateral line may run close to the dorsal margin or in the upper third or in the lowest third of the bone depending on the fish group.
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000596
name: pelvic fin actinotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Actinotrichium that is part of the pelvic fin." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010711 ! pelvic fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000602
name: uroneural
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural arch that extends along the dorso-lateral surface of the last preural centra and/or ural centra and the notochord (Arratia & Schultze, 1992). An uroneural develops as a modification of the neural arch of an ural centrum (Patterson, 1968). The series of uroneurals may include from 7 to 1 elements that are numbered from rostrad to caudad. An uroneural is a paired membrane bone." [TAO:Arratia_Schultze_1992, TAO:Patterson_1968]
comment: The presence of modified ural neural arches or uroneurals is interpreted as a synapomorphy of Teleostei. Uroneurals present some modifications in certain teleost subgroups and such specialized structures are named pleurostyle (e.g., ostarioclupeomorphs) and stegural (e.g., salmonids).
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000606
name: ventral oblique branchial muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "ventral oblique branchial muscles" EXACT PLURAL []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000608
name: ventral transverse
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000612
name: protractor hyoidei
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Muscle located on ventral side of the head, linking the ventral hyoid arch to the dentary. Innervated by ramus mandibularis V and ramus hyoides VII." [TAO:wd]
comment: Source: Winterbottom, R. 1973. A Descriptive Synonymy of the Striated Muscles of the Teleostei. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. 125 (1973), pp. 225-317.
synonym: "geniohyoideus" EXACT []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000614
name: abductor profundus
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007269 ! pectoral appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000615
name: adductor arcus palatini
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000616
name: adductor profundus
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007269 ! pectoral appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000617
name: anal erector
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of TAO:0001154 ! anal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000623
name: basipterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that is paired and supports the pelvic fin. The basipterygium has a posteromedial process called the ischiac process (Wietzman 1962)." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pelvic bone" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001539 ! basipterygium cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001939 ! inter-basipterygium joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000627
name: posterior ceratohyal
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates anteriorly with the anterior ceratohyal." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: Posterohyal is used in Rapp Py Daniel (1997).
synonym: "caudal ceratohyal" EXACT []
synonym: "epihyal" EXACT []
synonym: "posterohyal" EXACT []
synonym: "proximal ceratohyal" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001400 ! ceratohyal cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001841 ! interhyal-epihyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001842 ! epihyal-ceratohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001849 ! epihyal-branchiostegal ray joint
relationship: part_of TAO:0001402 ! ventral hyoid arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0000628
name: caudal fin musculature
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "tail fin" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0007271 ! limb/fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000637
name: claustrum cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Postcranial axial cartilage and Weberian ossicle that is located dorsal to the scaphium. The claustrum cartilage is bilaterally paired." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "first Weberian ossicle" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001457 ! postcranial axial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0000646
name: anal fin distal radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Rod-like internal median skeletal support bones of the anal fin, which articulate with the lepidotrichia distally." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "distal anal fin radial" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001671 ! anal fin radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0001420 ! anal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0000648
name: dorsal fin musculature
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0007271 ! limb/fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000651
name: dorsal pelvic arrector
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007270 ! pelvic appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000656
name: ectopterygoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that forms the lateral border of the palate and articulates with the quadrate posteriorly, the entopterygoid medially and the dermopalatine and/or autopalatine antero-laterally. The ectopterygoid is a paired bone." [TAO:ga_tg, ZFIN:curator]
comment: The ectopterygoid is often toothed.
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011085 ! dorsal pharyngeal arch 1

[Term]
id: TAO:0000657
name: entopterygoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that forms the ventro-medial part of the palate and the antero-ventral and ventral wall of the orbit. The entopterygoid is a paired bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "endopterygoid" EXACT []
synonym: "mesopterygoid" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011085 ! dorsal pharyngeal arch 1

[Term]
id: TAO:0000658
name: epibranchial bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dorsal branchial arch bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial cartilage or bone and medially with pharyngobranchial cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001904 ! epibranchial element
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001527 ! epibranchial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0000660
name: epural
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A free, modified neural spine of a preural or a ural vertebra that is placed between the last developed neural spine of a preural centrum and the dorsal axis (= anterior margin of first uroneural) of the caudal skeleton . An epural commonly supports one or more dorsal procurrent rays. An epural is an unpaired median perichondrally ossified bone." [TAO:Arratia and Schultze_1992]
comment: The origin of the epurals is unclear, three hypotheses have been proposed: 1) The epurals are modified radials or dorsal radials; 2) the epurals are detached neural spines and may support fin rays; and 3) the epurals are a serial homologue of the supraneuralia. At least in teleosts the epural is a detached neural spine. For details see Schultze and Arratia (1989) and Arratia and Schultze (1992).
synonym: " epiural apophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "epiural" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001076 ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000662
name: external pharyngoclavicularis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000663
name: extrascapula
namespace: teleost_anatomy
alt_id: TAO:0001413
def: "Dermal canal-bearing bone placed at the dorso-posterior region of the skull roof, lying on the posterior region of the pterotic and parietals, or the pterotic and epioccipital, or on the pterotic, epioccipital and occipital bones." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
comment: When it is present, the paired series of extrascapular bones may include one pair or two pairs or two pairs plus a median one. The most lateral is named lateral extrascapula and is the bone where the intersection of the otic, postotic and extrascapular or supratemporal canals occur. The medial and median extrascapulars carry the extrascapular or supratemporal canal.
synonym: "extrascapular" EXACT []
synonym: "extrascapular bone" EXACT []
synonym: "scale bone" EXACT []
synonym: "supratemporal" EXACT []
synonym: "tabular" EXACT [TAO:Harrington_1955, TAO:Weitzman_1962]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000672
name: hyomandibula
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the neurocranium dorsally and the opercle posteriorly." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: In most teleosts, there is a symplectic, and the hyomandibula articulates with it anteroventrally.
synonym: "hyomandibular" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001422 ! hyosymplectic cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001801 ! quadrate-hyomandibula joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001947 ! hyomandibular-otic region joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001979 ! hyomandibula-metapterygoid joint
relationship: part_of TAO:0001401 ! dorsal hyoid arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0000674
name: interopercle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is part of the opercular series. It is located ventro-medially to the preopercle and anterior to the subopercle. It is joined to the posterior part of the lower jaw (retroarticular) by a ligament. The interopercle is paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "interopercles" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001710 ! opercle-interopercle joint
relationship: part_of TAO:0001401 ! dorsal hyoid arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000685
name: superficial abductor
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007269 ! pectoral appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000691
name: supraorbital bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is part of the dorsal or upper border or antero-dorsal border of the orbit. The supraorbital bone may contact the orbital margin of the frontal bone medially, the antorbital antero-ventrally and the dermosphenotic posteriorly. The supraorbital bone does not carry sensory canals. The supraorbital bone is paired." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The supraorbital bone may be present as two or one bone in extant teleosts, although many of the advanced forms lack the bone.
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0000692
name: symplectic
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the hyomandibula and the quadrate." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: When the interhyal bone or cartilage is present it articulates at the articulation of the hyomandibula and symplectic.
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001422 ! hyosymplectic cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001401 ! dorsal hyoid arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0000698
name: tripus
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone, membrane bone, and Weberian ossicle that is an element of third vertebra. Anteriorly it attaches to the interosseus ligament and posteriorly it extends as a transformator process embedded in the tunica externa of the swimbladder." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "fourth Weberian ossicle" EXACT []
synonym: "Weberian ossicle 4" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000461 ! Weberian ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0007842 ! membrane bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001169 ! vertebra 3

[Term]
id: TAO:0000699
name: entopterygoid vertical strut
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the dorsally directed, vertical process of the entopterygoid. The strut sometimes articulates with the orbitosphenoid." [TAO:wd]
comment: Fink and Fink 1981, present in gymnotoids.
synonym: "endopterygoid vertical strut" EXACT []
synonym: "mesopterygoid vertical strut" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000657 ! entopterygoid

[Term]
id: TAO:0000701
name: ventral arrector
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007269 ! pectoral appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000704
name: ventral pelvic arrector
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007270 ! pelvic appendage musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000715
name: adductor hyohyoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0000718
name: epaxial region somite 27
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000729
name: epaxial region somite 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000734
name: preural vertebra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal vertebra that is one of the last caudal vertebrae anterior to the ural vertebrae that with its neural and haemal spines supports the procurrent caudal fin rays or lepidotrichia. The numbering of preural vertebrae is from caudal to rostral direction." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The term preural vertebra was created by Nybelin (1963) for those vertebrae supporting caudal procurrent rays. For additional information see Arratia and Schultze (1992). Their neural and hemal arches may or may not be fused to their corresponding autocentrum. Fusion or separation of certain neural and/or haemal arches of preural centra is characteristic or certain teleosts subgroup. The boundary between preural and ural region is determined by the bifurcation of the four or five blood vessels running inside the hemal arches of the preural vertebrae (primary caudal artery, two secondary arterial trunks, primary caudal vein, and secondary subvertebral vein) (for details see Schultze & Arratia, 1989). The bifurcation of the caudal artery and vein was proposed as a landmark to homologize preural centrum 1 throughout actinopterygians (Nybelin, 1963).
synonym: "caudal fin vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "specialized centra/vertebrae" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000735
name: hemal postzygapophysis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Paired, ventromedially directed processes on the posterior ends of the centra, ligamentously joined to the hemal postzygapophyses of the immediately posterior vertebra. The most posterior caudal vertebrae lack hemal postzygapophyses." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "haemal postzygapophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "hemal postygopophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "hemal postzygapophyses" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006065 ! hemal arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0000739
name: epaxial region somite 11
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000740
name: epaxial region somite 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000741
name: epaxial region somite 14
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000742
name: epaxial region somite 17
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000743
name: epaxial region somite 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000744
name: epaxial region somite 22
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000745
name: epaxial region somite 25
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000746
name: epaxial region somite 28
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000747
name: epaxial region somite 30
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000748
name: epaxial region somite 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000749
name: epaxial region somite 9
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000751
name: epaxial region somite 8
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000767
name: hypaxial region somite 11
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000768
name: hypaxial region somite 14
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000769
name: hypaxial region somite 17
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000770
name: hypaxial region somite 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000771
name: hypaxial region somite 22
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000772
name: hypaxial region somite 25
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000774
name: hypaxial region somite 28
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000775
name: hypaxial region somite 30
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000776
name: hypaxial region somite 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000777
name: hypaxial region somite 9
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000859
name: specialized hemal arch and spine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "ha(pu)" EXACT []
synonym: "hemal arches (preural)" EXACT [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-011008-1]
synonym: "specialized haemal arch and spine" EXACT []
synonym: "specialized hemal arches and spines" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000862
name: caudal fin skeleton
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Median fin skeleton located on the posterior end of the organism." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001123 ! median fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0000864
name: epaxial region somite 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000865
name: epaxial region somite 12
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000866
name: epaxial region somite 15
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000867
name: epaxial region somite 18
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000868
name: epaxial region somite 20
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000869
name: epaxial region somite 23
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000870
name: epaxial region somite 26
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000872
name: epaxial region somite 29
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000873
name: epaxial region somite 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000874
name: epaxial region somite 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. immel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000891
name: hypaxial region somite 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000892
name: hypaxial region somite 12
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000894
name: hypaxial region somite 15
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000895
name: hypaxial region somite 18
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000896
name: hypaxial region somite 20
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000897
name: hypaxial region somite 23
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000898
name: hypaxial region somite 26
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000899
name: hypaxial region somite 29
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000900
name: hypaxial region somite 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000901
name: hypaxial region somite 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000902
name: hypural musculature
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "hypural muscles" EXACT PLURAL []
relationship: part_of TAO:0000628 ! caudal fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0000911
name: transverse process of neural arch 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that is the anterodorsally oriented process of the third neural arch." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "anterodorsal process of neural arch 3" EXACT []
synonym: "transverse process of the third vertebra" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001394 ! neural arch 3

[Term]
id: TAO:0000925
name: hypaxial region somite 10
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000936
name: dorsal fin distal radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Rod-like internal median skeletal support bones of the dorsal fin, which articulate with the lepidotrichia distally." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001672 ! dorsal fin radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0000937
name: hypaxial region somite 13
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000946
name: hypaxial region somite 16
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000947
name: dorsal fin proximal radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Rod-like internal median skeletal support bones of the dorsal fin, which articulate with the distal radials." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "basal radial of dorsal fin" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001672 ! dorsal fin radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0000957
name: hypaxial region somite 19
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000968
name: hypaxial region somite 21
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000979
name: hypaxial region somite 24
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000986
name: hypaxial region somite 27
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000987
name: hypaxial region somite 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000988
name: hypaxial region somite 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000989
name: hypaxial region somite 8
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0000991
name: epaxial region somite 10
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001001
name: epaxial region somite 13
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001012
name: epaxial region somite 16
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001023
name: epaxial region somite 19
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001028
name: hypurapophysis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Lateral process, spine-like or crest-like, at the lateral wall of the haemal arch of the parhypural that serves for insertion of the hypochordal longitudinal muscle. The process may contribute to the lateral protection of the parhypural foramen (where the caudal blood vessels exit the hemal arch) and the hypural foramen (where a caudal heart may be present). The hypurapophysis is paired." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: The structure, the processus parhypurale, was given the name of hypurapophysis by Nursall (1963). Additional processes may be present on the lateral walls of hypurals 1 and 2 in some teleost subgroups. They are named primary, secondary hypurapophyses, etc.
synonym: "hypurapophyses" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "parhypurapophyses" EXACT []
synonym: "parhypurapophyses processes" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000438 ! parhypural

[Term]
id: TAO:0001030
name: epaxial region somite 21
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001040
name: epaxial region somite 24
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Somite-derived body wall muscle present dorsal to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001060
name: basidorsal
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Basidorsals are bilaterally paired cartilages on the dorsolateral side of the notochord which are replaced by ossified neural arches or dorsal arcocentra. In otophysan fishes, basidorsal 1, bd2, bd3, and bd4 give rise to parts of the Weberian apparatus." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "arcualia" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001457 ! postcranial axial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001123
name: median fin skeleton
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "axial fin skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "unpaired fin skeleton" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001124
name: dorsal fin skeleton
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001123 ! median fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001137
name: ventral tooth row
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth row that is the ventralmost row of teeth on ceratobranchial 5 bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001139
name: mediodorsal tooth row
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth row that is the mediodorsal row of teeth on ceratobranchial 5 bone, located between the dorsal tooth row and ventral tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001140
name: dorsal tooth row
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth row that is the dorsalmost row of teeth on ceratobranchial 5 bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001141
name: tooth 1V
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is the anteriormost tooth in the ventral tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001137 ! ventral tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001142
name: tooth 5V
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is the posteriormost tooth in the ventral tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001137 ! ventral tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001143
name: tooth 4V
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is posterior to tooth 3V and anterior to tooth 5V in the ventral tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001137 ! ventral tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001144
name: tooth 2V
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is posterior to tooth 1V and anterior to tooth 3V in the ventral tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001137 ! ventral tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001145
name: tooth 3V
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is posterior to tooth 2V and anterior to tooth 4V in the ventral tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001137 ! ventral tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001146
name: tooth 1MD
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is the anteriormost tooth in the mediodorsal tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001139 ! mediodorsal tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001147
name: tooth 2MD
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is posterior to tooth 1MD and anterior to tooth 3MD in the mediodorsal tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001139 ! mediodorsal tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001148
name: tooth 1D
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is the anteriormost tooth in the dorsal tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001140 ! dorsal tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001150
name: tooth 2D
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is the posteriormost tooth in the dorsal tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001140 ! dorsal tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001151
name: tooth 4MD
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is the posteriormost tooth in the mediodorsal tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001139 ! mediodorsal tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001152
name: tooth 3MD
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial 5 tooth which is posterior to tooth 2MD and anterior to tooth 4MD in the mediodorsal tooth row." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001139 ! mediodorsal tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001154
name: anal fin musculature
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0007271 ! limb/fin musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0001160
name: dorsal scute
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is a bony plate that forms in dorsal midline of body margin between the skull and dorsal fin." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001163
name: supraneural 7 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001164
name: supraneural 6 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "sn6" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001165
name: supraneural 5 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "sn5" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001166
name: supraneural 9 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001169
name: vertebra 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 2." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001170
name: vertebra 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 5." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001940 ! vertebra 4-vertebra 5 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001171
name: os suspensorium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone and Weberian ossicle that is an element of the fourth vertebra that curves ventrally around the anterior head of the swim bladder." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "fifth Weberian ossicle" EXACT []
synonym: "Weberian ossicle 5" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000461 ! Weberian ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001170 ! vertebra 4

[Term]
id: TAO:0001172
name: roofing cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Cartilaginous larval structure dorsal to the four anterior-most vertebrae, which forms the connection between neural arches and supraneurals in the Weberian apparatus. Bird and Mabee, 2003." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001457 ! postcranial axial cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001191 ! supraneural 2 bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001192 ! supraneural 3 bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001188
name: Weberian apparatus
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of the anteriormost vertebrae and associated structures that connect the swim bladder to the inner ear." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: Vertebra 1-4, and sometimes vertebra 5 in some catfishes, are part of the Weberian apparatus. Weberian apparatus is present in Otophysi.
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: TAO:0001190
name: Weberian vertebra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is part of the Weberian apparatus." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: Weberian vertebra are usually vertebra 1-4. Present in Otophysi.
synonym: "Weberian vertebrae" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
relationship: part_of TAO:0001188 ! Weberian apparatus

[Term]
id: TAO:0001191
name: supraneural 2 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Supraneural bone located dorsal to vertebra 2." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: In otophysans, supraneural 2 bone is part of the neural complex.
synonym: "small supraneural" EXACT [TAO:doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00014.x]
synonym: "sn2" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001869 ! supraneural 2 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001192
name: supraneural 3 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Supraneural bone that is located dorsal to vertebrae 3 and 4." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: In otophysans, supraneural 3 bone is part of the neural complex and fuses in development with neural arches 3 and 4.
synonym: "large supraneural" EXACT [TAO:doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00014.x]
synonym: "sn3" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001870 ! supraneural 3 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001193
name: supraneural 8 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001220
name: copula
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is ventral, median, and associated with more than one pharyngeal arch in the pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "basibranchial copula" EXACT []
synonym: "copulae" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001221
name: anterior copula
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Copula that is ventral, median, and associated with pharyngeal arches 3-5." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "anterior basibranchial copula " EXACT []
synonym: "copula 1" EXACT []
synonym: "copula 2" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001220 ! copula

[Term]
id: TAO:0001222
name: posterior copula
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Copula that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arches 4 and 5 (pharyngeal arches 6-7)." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "copula 2" EXACT []
synonym: "copula 3" RELATED []
synonym: "posterior basibranchial copula" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior copula" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001220 ! copula

[Term]
id: TAO:0001223
name: basibranchial 1 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Basibranchial bone that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arch 1 (pharyngeal arch 3). Typically develops in the anterior copula cartilage." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001915 ! basibranchial 1 element
is_a: UBERON:0004740 ! basibranchial
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001864 ! basibranchial 1 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001224
name: basibranchial 2 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Basibranchial bone that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arch 2 (pharyngeal arch 4). Typically develops in the anterior copula cartilage." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001916 ! basibranchial 2 element
is_a: UBERON:0004740 ! basibranchial
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001874 ! basibranchial 2 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001225
name: basibranchial 3 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Basibranchial bone that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arch 3 (pharyngeal arch 5). Typically develops in the anterior copula cartilage." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001917 ! basibranchial 3 element
is_a: UBERON:0004740 ! basibranchial
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001876 ! basibranchial 3 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001226
name: basibranchial 4 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Basibranchial bone that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arch 4 (pharyngeal arch 6). Develops in posterior copula cartilage or basibranchial 4 cartilage." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001918 ! basibranchial 4 element
is_a: UBERON:0004740 ! basibranchial
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001865 ! basibranchial 4 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001228
name: gill arch 1 skeleton
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "branchial arch 1" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 3 skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral arch 3" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001229
name: gill arch 5 skeleton
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "branchial arch 5 skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 7 skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral arch 7 skeleton" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001230
name: gill arch 4 skeleton
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "branchial arch 4 skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 6 skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral arch 6 skeleton" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001231
name: gill arch 2 skeleton
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "branchial arch 2 skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 4 skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral arch 4 skeleton" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001232
name: gill arch 3 skeleton
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "branchial arch 3 skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 5 skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "visceral arch 5 skeleton" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001233
name: hypobranchial 1 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Hypobranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with a median skeletal element medially and with a ceratobranchial 1 element laterally. Develops in hypobranchial 1 cartilage." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000363 ! hypobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001894 ! hypobranchial 1 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001524 ! hypobranchial 1 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001234
name: hypobranchial 4 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Hypobranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with a median skeletal element medially and with a ceratobranchial 4 element laterally. Develops in hypobranchial 4 cartilage." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000363 ! hypobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001897 ! hypobranchial 4 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001523 ! hypobranchial 4 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001235
name: hypobranchial 3 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Hypobranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with a median skeletal element medially and with a ceratobranchial 3 element laterally. Develops in hypobranchial 3 cartilage." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000363 ! hypobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001896 ! hypobranchial 3 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001526 ! hypobranchial 3 cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001863 ! inter-hypobranchial 3 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001236
name: hypobranchial 2 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Hypobranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with a median skeletal element medially and with a ceratobranchial 2 element laterally. Develops in hypobranchial 2 cartilage." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000363 ! hypobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001895 ! hypobranchial 2 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001525 ! hypobranchial 2 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001237
name: ceratobranchial 1 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with epibranchial 1 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000488 ! ceratobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001899 ! ceratobranchial 1 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001520 ! ceratobranchial 1 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001239
name: ceratobranchial 5 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial bone that is the most posterior, bilaterally paired ventral pharyngeal arch bone." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: Synonym 'lower pharyngeal' from Weitzman, 1962.\nSynonym 'inferior pharyngeal bone' from Saxena, S.C. (1960). The cranial musculature of a hill-stream cyprinid fish Garra mullya (Sykes). Proceedings of the National Institute of Science in India. 26B(4): 176-188.\nSynonym 'pharyngeal arch' from Eastman, J.T. (1971). The pharyngeal bone musculature of the carp, Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Morphology. 134(2): 131-140.
synonym: "inferior pharyngeal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "lower pharyngeal" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000488 ! ceratobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001903 ! ceratobranchial 5 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001521 ! ceratobranchial 5 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001240
name: ceratobranchial 4 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with epibranchial 4 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000488 ! ceratobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001902 ! ceratobranchial 4 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001519 ! ceratobranchial 4 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001241
name: ceratobranchial 3 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with epibranchial 3 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000488 ! ceratobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001901 ! ceratobranchial 3 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001518 ! ceratobranchial 3 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001242
name: ceratobranchial 2 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with epibranchial 2 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000488 ! ceratobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001900 ! ceratobranchial 2 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001517 ! ceratobranchial 2 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001243
name: epibranchial 1 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 1 cartilage or bone and medially with pharyngobranchial cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000658 ! epibranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001905 ! epibranchial 1 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001528 ! epibranchial 1 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001244
name: epibranchial 5 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and located at the articulation of epibranchial 4 cartilage or bone and the posterior tip of ceratobranchial 4 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "accessory cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "interbranchial" EXACT []
synonym: "interbranchial IV" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001527 ! epibranchial cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001229 ! gill arch 5 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001245
name: epibranchial 4 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 4 cartilage or bone and medially with pharyngobranchial cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000658 ! epibranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001908 ! epibranchial 4 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001531 ! epibranchial 4 cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001860 ! epibranchial 4-upper pharyngeal toothplate joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001246
name: epibranchial 2 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 2 cartilage or bone and medially with pharyngobranchial cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000658 ! epibranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001906 ! epibranchial 2 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001530 ! epibranchial 2 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001247
name: epibranchial 3 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 3 cartilage or bone and medially with pharyngobranchial cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000658 ! epibranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001907 ! epibranchial 3 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001529 ! epibranchial 3 cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001861 ! epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 3 joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001862 ! epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 4 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001250
name: pharyngobranchial 2 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngobranchial bone, located medial to the epibranchials and posteriorly adjacent to pharyngobranchial 1 element." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "infrapharyngobranchial 2" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000527 ! pharyngobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001911 ! pharyngobranchial 2 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001536 ! pharyngobranchial 2 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001251
name: pharyngobranchial 4 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Most posterior pharyngobranchial cartilage, located medial to the epibranchials." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "infrapharyngobranchial 4 cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "infrapharyngobranchials" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: TAO:0001533 ! pharyngobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001913 ! pharyngobranchial 4 element
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001862 ! epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 4 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001252
name: pharyngobranchial 3 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngobranchial bone, located medial to the epibranchials and posteriorly adjacent to pharyngobranchial 2 element." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "infrapharyngobranchial 3" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000527 ! pharyngobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001912 ! pharyngobranchial 3 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001534 ! pharyngobranchial 3 cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001861 ! epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 3 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001253
name: neural arch 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural arch that is the second after the neurocranium." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0001274
name: coronomeckelian
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tendon bone located on the median side of the lower jaw, dorsal to Meckel's cartilage and medial to the angular. The coronomeckelian forms as an ossification of the tendon of the adductor mandibulae muscle. The coronomeckelian is a paired bone." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "sesamoid articular" EXACT []
synonym: "sesamoid coronoid" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004763 ! endochondral bone tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001275
name: sublingual
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that is the median element of the ventral hyoid arch, generally lying between the paired ventral hypohyals." [TAO:je]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001279
name: branchiostegal ray 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Branchiostegal ray that is the anterior-most ray in the adult." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000476 ! branchiostegal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001280
name: branchiostegal ray 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Branchiostegal ray that is the third anterior-most ray in the adult." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000476 ! branchiostegal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001281
name: branchiostegal ray 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Branchiostegal ray that is the second anterior-most ray in the adult." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000476 ! branchiostegal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001324
name: enteric musculature
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0001333
name: sublingual dorsal and ventral fused
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Sublingual that is the single element resulting from the fusion of the sublingual dorsal ossification and sublingual ventral ossification." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001275 ! sublingual
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001475 ! sublingual dorsal ossification
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001476 ! sublingual ventral ossification

[Term]
id: TAO:0001335
name: supradorsal
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Supradorsals are small paired nodules of cartilage positioned at the distal ends of neural arches and the proximal end of neural spines (Arratia et al., 2001)." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001457 ! postcranial axial cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0001361
name: basiventral
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Basiventrals are bilaterally paired cartilages lateral to the notochord which are replaced by ossified parapophyses or hemal arches." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "arcualia" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001457 ! postcranial axial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001363
name: neural complex
namespace: teleost_anatomy
alt_id: TAO:0001398
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of supraneural 2 bone and supraneural 3 bone and their extensions, and which is part of the Weberian apparatus." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "Weberian supraneural" EXACT []
relationship: part_of TAO:0001188 ! Weberian apparatus

[Term]
id: TAO:0001364
name: hemal spine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Hemal spines are extensions of hemal arches in the ventral skeletogenous septum of the caudal region." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "haemal spine" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006065 ! hemal arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0001382
name: epibranchial bone uncinate process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchials 1-3 in adults are compound elements formed by the fusion of epibranchial cartilages and the so-called uncinate processes. Posteromedially directed uncinate processes develop on the posterior edge of epibranchials 1-3. These appear as separate centers of chondrification (6.2 mm) that later fuse laterally to the posterior edges of the epibranchial cartilages (6.8 mm)." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000658 ! epibranchial bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001392
name: parapophysis 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Parapophysis that is the lateral projections from the first centrum in cyprinids, absent in catostomids, and absent in characiphysans (Fink and Fink, 1996)." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "basipophysis 1" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral process 1" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0003109 ! parapophysis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001393
name: parapophysis 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Parapophysis that is lateral projection from the second centrum, absent in Siluriformes (Fink and Fink, 1996)." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "basipophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral process 2" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0003109 ! parapophysis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001093 ! second cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001394
name: neural arch 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural arch 3 is expanded and fused to supraneural 3 as part of a neural complex roofing and protecting the neural canal." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
relationship: part_of TAO:0001169 ! vertebra 3

[Term]
id: TAO:0001395
name: neural arch 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural arch 4 is expanded and fused to supraneural 3 as part of the neural complex. A reduced neural spine projects from the posterior margin of the neural complex." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
relationship: part_of TAO:0001170 ! vertebra 4

[Term]
id: TAO:0001396
name: parapophysis + rib of vertebra 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "The parapophysis + rib, fused to the centrum, extends laterally then angles anteroventrally. A thin plate, the os suspensorium fuses to its median surface." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "fourth pleural rib plus parapophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "fourth rib plus parapophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "parapophysis/rib" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001170 ! vertebra 4

[Term]
id: TAO:0001397
name: post-Weberian supraneural
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Posterior to the Weberian apparatus, otophysan supraneurals form as median, unpaired, rod- or platelike elements, as in other actinopterygians." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001400
name: ceratohyal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is bilaterally paired and the largest cartilaginous component of the ventral hyoid arch." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001841 ! interhyal-epihyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001846 ! inter-ventral hypohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001847 ! dorsal hypohyal-urohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001848 ! ventral hypohyal-urohyal joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001849 ! epihyal-branchiostegal ray joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001850 ! ceratohyal-branchiostegal ray joint
relationship: part_of TAO:0001402 ! ventral hyoid arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0001401
name: dorsal hyoid arch
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "dorsal visceral arch 2" EXACT []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003108 ! suspensorium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005884 ! hyoid arch skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001402
name: ventral hyoid arch
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "ventral visceral arch 2" EXACT []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005884 ! hyoid arch skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001403
name: supraethmoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that first appears as paired ossifications in the membrane (dermis) dorsolateral to the ethmoid cartilage and anterolateral to the lateral ethmoids, later having the appearance of one butterfly-shaped element. Fused to the anterodorsal margin of the mesethmoid. Bordered anteriorly by the kinethmoid and posteriorly by the frontal." [TAO:GA_TG]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001404
name: preethmoid bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Small rounded to egg-shaped cartilage bone that sits in an anterolateral depression on the prevomer. Articulates with the autopalatine in all cypriniforms." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001405 ! ethmoid cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001405
name: ethmoid cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Chondrocranium cartilage that is initially plate-like and formed from the anterior fusion of the trabecula crani. The ethmoid cartilage is paired." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "ethmoid plate" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001406
name: kinethmoid bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Sesamoid bone located in the premaxillary-ethmoid ligament, between the mesethmoid and the premaxilla. The kinethmoid is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG, ZFIN:curator]
comment: The kinethmoid is part of the protrusion mechanism of the upper jaw and is restricted to cypriniform fishes.
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001407
name: infraorbital 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the second bone of the infraorbital series." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001408
name: infraorbital 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the third bone of the infraorbital series." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001409
name: infraorbital 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the fourth bone of the infraorbital series." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001412
name: epiotic
namespace: teleost_anatomy
alt_id: TAO:0000659
def: "Endochondral bone that borders that medial edge of the posttemporal fossa. The epiotics are sutured to parietals and supraoccipital dorsally, the exoccipitals ventrally and the pterotics laterally. The epiotic is a paired bone." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "epioccipital" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005410 ! cartilaginous otic capsule
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 ! otic region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001415
name: pelvic radial 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000508 ! pelvic fin radial
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001541 ! pelvic radial 2 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001416
name: pelvic radial 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000508 ! pelvic fin radial
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001540 ! pelvic radial 3 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001417
name: pelvic radial 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000508 ! pelvic fin radial
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001542 ! pelvic radial 1 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001418
name: dorsal fin lepidotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Lepidotrichium which is part of the dorsal fin." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "dorsal fin lepidotrichia" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "dorsal fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001554 ! lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of TAO:0001124 ! dorsal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001419
name: dorsal fin pterygiophore
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A range of seven to nine rod-like internal median skeletal support structures of the dorsal fin, comprised of both bone and cartilage and found between vertebrae 11 and 18." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "dorsal fin support" EXACT []
relationship: part_of TAO:0001124 ! dorsal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001420
name: anal fin pterygiophore
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A range of twelve to fourteen rod-like internal median skeletal support structures of the anal fin, comprised of both bone and cartilage and found between vertebrae 14 and 21." [ZFIN:curator]
relationship: part_of TAO:0000167 ! anal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001421
name: anal fin lepidotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Lepidotrichium which is part of the anal fin." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "anal fin lepidotrichia" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "anal fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001554 ! lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of TAO:0000167 ! anal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001422
name: hyosymplectic cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the chondrocranium dorsally, the opercle bone posteriorly, and the palatoquadrate cartilage anteriorly." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "symplectic cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001401 ! dorsal hyoid arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0001425
name: basal plate cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009635 ! parachordal cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001432
name: anterior sclerotic bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Sclerotic bone that is located anterior to the eye." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0010297 ! endochondral scleral ossicle

[Term]
id: TAO:0001433
name: posterior sclerotic bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Sclerotic bone that is located posterior to the eye." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0010297 ! endochondral scleral ossicle

[Term]
id: TAO:0001456
name: pectoral fin endoskeletal disc
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A plate-like chondrogenic condensation within the pectoral fin, which subdivides into individual radials by decomposition of extracellular matrix in the inter-radial mesenchyme (Grandel and Schulte-Merker, 1998)." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "fin plate cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0007390 ! pectoral appendage cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001457
name: postcranial axial cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Cartilage which is part of the axial skeleton." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilaginous element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001475
name: sublingual dorsal ossification
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Sublingual that is the dorsal element paired with the sublingual ventral ossification." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001275 ! sublingual
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001532 ! sublingual dorsal cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001476
name: sublingual ventral ossification
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Sublingual that is the ventral element paired with the sublingual dorsal ossification." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001275 ! sublingual
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001545 ! sublingual ventral cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001502
name: epiphyseal bar
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bilaterally paired medial bar of cartilage formed at midorbit through medial chondrification from triangles of cartilage that later form the junction of the taeniae marginales anterior, taeniae marginales posterior and the epiphyseal bar." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001504
name: occipital arch cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Cranial cartilage which is a paired anterodorsal projection of the posterior end of the parachordal cartilage. It lies lateral to the notochord, just anterior to the posterior tip of the otic capsule. The bilaterally paired occipital arch cartilages fuse anterodorsally to the posterior edges of the auditory capsules and meet medially as the tectum synoticum (by 12 dpf)." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001505
name: taenia marginalis anterior
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Cartilage bar (bilaterally paired) that grows anteroventrally from the epiphyseal bar to join the anterolatera1 edge of the ethmoid plate." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "orbital cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003111 ! sphenoid region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001508
name: trabecula communis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Cartilage formed via medial fusion between bilaterally paired trabecula crani." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005945 ! neurocranial trabecula

[Term]
id: TAO:0001510
name: basihyal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "copula 1" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001891 ! basihyal element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001511
name: interhyal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
alt_id: TAO:0000218
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates dorsally with the hyosymplectic cartilage or the articulation of the hyomandibula and symplectic." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: It articulates ventrally with the posterior end of the ceratohyal cartilage or the posterior ceratohyal.
synonym: "stylohyal" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001892 ! interhyal element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001841 ! interhyal-epihyal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001515
name: taenia marginalis posterior
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Cartilage bar (bilaterally paired) that is first visible as an anterior extension of the auditory capsule. It grows anteriorly toward the middle of the orbit where it is connected to its mate on the other side by the epiphyseal bar." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "orbital cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003111 ! sphenoid region

[Term]
id: TAO:0001516
name: ceratobranchial cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that forms the largest skeletal element of the ventral branchial arches." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001898 ! ceratobranchial element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001517
name: ceratobranchial 2 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with epibranchial 2 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001516 ! ceratobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001900 ! ceratobranchial 2 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001518
name: ceratobranchial 3 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with epibranchial 3 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001516 ! ceratobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001901 ! ceratobranchial 3 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001519
name: ceratobranchial 4 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with epibranchial 4 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001516 ! ceratobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001902 ! ceratobranchial 4 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001520
name: ceratobranchial 1 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with epibranchial 1 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001516 ! ceratobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001899 ! ceratobranchial 1 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001521
name: ceratobranchial 5 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ceratobranchial cartilage that is the most posterior, bilaterally paired ventral pharyngeal arch cartilage." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001516 ! ceratobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001903 ! ceratobranchial 5 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001522
name: hypobranchial cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates medially with a median skeletal element and laterally with a ceratobranchial cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: The hypobranchial cartilage usually articulates medially with a basibranchial bone or cartilage.
is_a: TAO:0001893 ! hypobranchial element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001523
name: hypobranchial 4 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Hypobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 4 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001522 ! hypobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001897 ! hypobranchial 4 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001524
name: hypobranchial 1 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Hypobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 1 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001522 ! hypobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001894 ! hypobranchial 1 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001525
name: hypobranchial 2 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Hypobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 2 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001522 ! hypobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001895 ! hypobranchial 2 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001526
name: hypobranchial 3 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Hypobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 3 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001522 ! hypobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001896 ! hypobranchial 3 element
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001863 ! inter-hypobranchial 3 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001527
name: epibranchial cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial cartilage or bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001904 ! epibranchial element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001528
name: epibranchial 1 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 1 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001527 ! epibranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001905 ! epibranchial 1 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001529
name: epibranchial 3 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 3 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001527 ! epibranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001907 ! epibranchial 3 element
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001861 ! epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 3 joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001862 ! epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 4 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001530
name: epibranchial 2 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 2 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001527 ! epibranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001906 ! epibranchial 2 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001531
name: epibranchial 4 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 4 cartilage or bone." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001527 ! epibranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001908 ! epibranchial 4 element
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001860 ! epibranchial 4-upper pharyngeal toothplate joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001532
name: sublingual dorsal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Sublingual cartilage that is the dorsal element paired with the sublingual ventral cartilage." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001544 ! sublingual cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001533
name: pharyngobranchial cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Paired cartilages that project medially from the medial tips of epibranchials." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001909 ! pharyngobranchial element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001534
name: pharyngobranchial 3 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngobranchial cartilage, located medial to the epibranchials and posteriorly adjacent to pharyngobranchial 2 element." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001533 ! pharyngobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001912 ! pharyngobranchial 3 element
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001861 ! epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 3 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001535
name: median fin cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001457 ! postcranial axial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001536
name: pharyngobranchial 2 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngobranchial cartilage, located medial to the epibranchials and posteriorly adjacent to pharyngobranchial 1 element." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001533 ! pharyngobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001911 ! pharyngobranchial 2 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001537
name: mesocoracoid cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin cartilage that is part of the embryonic primary pectoral girdle from which the mesocoracoid bone will ossify endochondrally." [TAO:GA_TG, ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0007390 ! pectoral appendage cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001538
name: pelvic radial cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Small cartilage that forms at the posterior edge of the basipterygium." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0007391 ! pelvic appendage cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001539
name: basipterygium cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bilaterally paired small, rodlike cartilages on the ventral surface of the abdomen (present at 7.9 mm). Their posterior tips expand laterally, forming L-shaped cartilages. Medially, a posterior spur of cartilage develops, which will later ossify as the ischiac process (Weitzman 1962)." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0007391 ! pelvic appendage cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001939 ! inter-basipterygium joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001540
name: pelvic radial 3 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Small cartilage that forms at the posterior and medial edge of the basipterygium." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001538 ! pelvic radial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001541
name: pelvic radial 2 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Small cartilage with a long posterior process and a shorter lateral one that forms at the posterior edge of the basipterygium, between radial cartilages 1 and 2." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001538 ! pelvic radial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001542
name: pelvic radial 1 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Small cartilage that forms at the posterior and lateral edge of the basipterygium." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: TAO:0001538 ! pelvic radial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001544
name: sublingual cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is the median cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch, generally lying between the paired ventral hypohyals." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001545
name: sublingual ventral cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Sublingual cartilage that is the ventral element paired with the sublingual dorsal cartilage." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001544 ! sublingual cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001546
name: neural spine 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural spine that is associated with the fourth vertebra." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001076 ! spinous process of vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001547
name: abdominal scute
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is a bony plate that forms in the midline of ventral body margin between pectoral girdle and anal fin. Scutes may be present both anterior to and posterior to the pelvic girdle and fin." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001548
name: intercalarium ascending process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000525 ! intercalarium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001550
name: caudal fin lepidotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Lepidotrichium which is part of the caudal fin." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "caudal fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001554 ! lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001551
name: pectoral fin lepidotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Lepidotrichium which is part of the pectoral fin, forming the pectoral fin skeleton and articulating with the pectoral radials. A pectoral lepidotrichium is composed of two hemitrichia that surround bundles of actinotrichia distally." [TAO:GA_TG, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Each pectoral lepidotrichium may be unsegmented (e.g., spine), segmented but unbranched (e.g., leading ray) or segmented and branched. Definition of lepidotrichium by Schultze and Arratia (1989: 217). For additional information about lepidotrichia see Arratia et al. 2001 and Arratia 2008.
synonym: "pectoral fin lepidotrichia" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "pectoral fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001554 ! lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010710 ! pectoral fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001552
name: pelvic fin lepidotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Lepidotrichium which is part of the pelvic fin." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "pelvic fin lepidotrichia" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "pelvic fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001554 ! lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010711 ! pelvic fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001553
name: manubrium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "intercalarium anterior process" EXACT [TAO:Bird and Mabee 2003]
synonym: "intercalarium horizontal process" EXACT [TAO:Fink and Fink 1981]
synonym: "manubrium incudus" EXACT [TAO:Bird 2003]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0000525 ! intercalarium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001554
name: lepidotrichium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is rod-like, formed and usually contained in a fin membrane, and jointed to or adjacent to distal radials. Lepidotrichia are formed from paired hemitrichia surrounding actinotrichia. There are usually two more lepidotrichia than distal radials." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001560
name: hypural 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000364 ! hypural

[Term]
id: TAO:0001561
name: hypural 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000364 ! hypural

[Term]
id: TAO:0001562
name: hypural 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000364 ! hypural

[Term]
id: TAO:0001563
name: hypural 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000364 ! hypural

[Term]
id: TAO:0001564
name: hypural 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000364 ! hypural

[Term]
id: TAO:0001577
name: premaxilla ascending process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process of the premaxilla that extends posteriorly and overlays the mesethmoid." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla

[Term]
id: TAO:0001578
name: anterior dorsomedial process of autopalatine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "In cypriniforms the anterior portion of the palatine has a dorsomedial process which abuts against the mesethmoid. Such a process is not present in other ostariophysans or in other primitive teleosts." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004748 ! autopalatine

[Term]
id: TAO:0001579
name: ural vertebra 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ural vertebra that is the second vertebra posterior to preural centrum 1. It may bear a rudimentary neural arch and sometimes a rudimentary spine or the neural arch and spine are completely absent and it may articulate or fuse with hypural 2 (polyural terminology). Ural vertebra 2 is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: Ural vertebrae 2 may be defined also as the second ural vertebrae bearing hypurals 3 or 3 and 4 or 3 plus more dorsal hypurals (diural terminology).
is_a: TAO:0002162 ! ural vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001581
name: ural centrum 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A vertebral centrum that is located immediately posterior to ural centrum 1. Ural centrum 2 is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: Ural centrum 2 (polyural terminology) may articulate or fuse with its neural arch dorsally or the neural arch may be absent, and with hypural 2 ventrally. Ural centrum 2 may be defined also as the second ural centrum bearing hypurals 3 or 3 and 4 or 3, 4 and more dorsal hypurals (diural terminology).
is_a: TAO:0002085 ! ural centrum
relationship: part_of TAO:0001579 ! ural vertebra 2

[Term]
id: TAO:0001582
name: non-Weberian precaudal vertebra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000263 ! precaudal vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001583
name: preural centrum 1+ ural centrum 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Urostyle that is the result of fusion of preural centrum 1 with the first ural centrum (of polyural terminology)." [TAO:GA_TG]
is_a: UBERON:0003106 ! urostyle

[Term]
id: TAO:0001584
name: caudal procurrent ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal fin lepidotrichium that form part of the anterior dorsal and ventral series of lepidotrichia of the caudal fin that may be associated with a neural spine or an epural or an uroneural (dorsal series) and with a haemal spine of a preural vertebra (ventral series). Caudal procurrent rays are shorter than the caudal principal rays. A caudal procurrent ray is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:Arratia_2008, TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "caudal precurrent ray" EXACT []
synonym: "caudal procurrent lepidotrichium" EXACT []
synonym: "caudal spiny ray" EXACT []
synonym: "rudimentary ray" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001550 ! caudal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001585
name: caudal principal ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal fin lepidotrichium that is adjacent to a branched ray. Caudal principal rays may be segmented but unbranched and the main element forming the dorsal or ventral leading margin of the caudal fin or a ray that may be only segmented-and-branched and forms part of the middle-posterior region of the fin. A caudal principal ray is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
comment: Counts of caudal principal rays are taken as the number of branched rays plus two adjacent unbranched rays and counts are typically reported as, for example: 1,8,7,1 (1 unbranched and 8 branched upper rays, 7 branched and 1 unbranched lower rays). A caudal principal caudal ray may be associated with one or more hypurals or with hemal spines of preural centra 1 and 2 (Schultze and Arratia, 1989; Arratia, 2008). In basal teleosts the number of caudal principal rays is about 20. A decreasing of the number of the branched-and segmented rays is observed in more advanced teleosts (see Schultze and Arratia, 1989; Arratia, 1991, 2008).
synonym: "caudal fin principal ray" EXACT []
synonym: "caudal principal lepidotrichium" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001550 ! caudal fin lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of TAO:0002164 ! caudal principal ray set

[Term]
id: TAO:0001586
name: pectoral fin radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin radials are the internal skeletal supports of the pectoral fin which develop from the pectoral fin endoskeletal disc, supports the pectoral lepidotrichia or fin rays and connects the lepidotrichia with the primary pectoral girdle." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: There are two paired series of pectoral radials, the proximal and the distal ones that may have variable shapes and sizes.
synonym: "pectoral actinost" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000271 ! radial
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001456 ! pectoral fin endoskeletal disc
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010710 ! pectoral fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001587
name: pectoral fin proximal radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin radial which develops from the pectoral fin endoskeletal disc, supports a few pectoral lepidotrichia or fin rays and connects the lepidotrichia and distal radials with the primary pectoral girdle (scapula and coracoid)." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: Two to four flat or slightly rod-like proximal pectoral radials, bilaterally, can be found in teleosts. Pectoral proximal radials are commonly hour-glass or rectangular shaped. The presence of four pectoral proximal radials is interpreted as a synapomorphy of teleosts (Patterson 1977, Arratia 1999).
is_a: TAO:0001586 ! pectoral fin radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0001588
name: pectoral fin distal radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin radial that sometimes ossifies, develops from the pectoral fin endoskeletal disc, and is located at the proximal region of a lepidotrichium, between its hemitrichia. Pectoral fin distal radial is paired." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: A variable number of pectoral distal radials may be present in each pectoral fin. They are commonly small elements, rod-like, round or square shaped.
is_a: TAO:0001586 ! pectoral fin radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0001589
name: propterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "The propterygium is the lateralmost or anteriormost basal cartilage that originates from the pectoral fin endoskeletal disc. The bases of the pectoral lepidotrichium 1 plus the propterygium articulates with the scapula." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The cartilaginous propterygium may partially ossify and fuse to the base of the pectoral hemilepidotrichium 1 in teleosts, but remains as a separate element in non-teleostean fishes.
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001456 ! pectoral fin endoskeletal disc
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010710 ! pectoral fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001592
name: claustrum bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone, membrane bone, and Weberian ossicle that is located dorsal to the scaphium. The claustrum bone is bilaterally paired." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "first Weberian ossicle" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000461 ! Weberian ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0007842 ! membrane bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0000637 ! claustrum cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001603
name: maxilla ascending process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the upper portion of the maxilla that rests on the posterior surface of the lateral portion of the premaxilla." [TAO:wd]
comment: Synonyms maxilla ascending arm used in Zanata and Vari 2005, and maxilla upper arm used in Weitzman 1962
synonym: "maxilla ascending arm" EXACT []
synonym: "maxilla upper arm" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: TAO:0001604
name: lateral ethmoid palatine process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Lateral bony projection proximal to lateral ethmoid-palatine joint, and located anterior to orbital region and posterior to olfactory region." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "antorbital process" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000226 ! lateral ethmoid

[Term]
id: TAO:0001606
name: caudal scute
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is a median bony plate forming anterior to procurrent caudal fin rays." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001607
name: basipterygoid process of parasphenoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the paired process of the parasphenoid that articulates with the suspensorium." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "basipterygoid process" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004745 ! parasphenoid

[Term]
id: TAO:0001608
name: autopalatine-lateral ethmoid joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the autopalatine and lateral ethmoid and bones. Autopalatine-lateral ethmoid joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001609
name: pharyngobranchial 2 bone uncinate process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bony projection that is part of the pharyngobranchial 2 bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001250 ! pharyngobranchial 2 bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001610
name: quadrate dorsal process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "An endochondral bone that is the dorsally-oriented bony extension of the quadrate, extending from the anterior portion of the bone." [TAO:wd]
comment: Term from Weitzman, 1962 and Sidlauskas and Vari, 2008.
synonym: "quadrate superior arm" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006597 ! quadrate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001611
name: quadrate posterodorsal process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the posterior extension of the quadrate and located dorsal to the quadrate ventral process." [TAO:wd]
comment: Term from Weitzman, 1962 and Sidlauskas and Vari, 2008.
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006597 ! quadrate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001613
name: dorsal fin middle radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dorsal fin radial that is the rod-like internal median skeletal support bone of the dorsal fin located between the dorsal fin proximal radial and dorsal fin distal radial." [TAO:wd]
comment: Synonym dorsal fin medial radial from Weitzman, 1962.
synonym: "dorsal fin medial radial" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001672 ! dorsal fin radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0001614
name: anal fin middle radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anal fin radial that is the rod-like internal median skeletal support bone of the anal fin located between the anal fin proximal radial and anal fin distal radial." [TAO:wd]
comment: Synonym anal fin medial radial from Weitzman, 1962.
synonym: "anal fin medial radial" EXACT []
synonym: "medial anal-fin radial" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001671 ! anal fin radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0001420 ! anal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0001615
name: sphenotic spine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process of the sphenotic. The process may project antero-laterally or laterally or ventro-laterally and it has different development in different fish groups. The sphenotic spine is paired." [TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "sphenotic process" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000587 ! sphenotic

[Term]
id: TAO:0001616
name: lateral ethmoid wing
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Superficial and lateral bony projection anterior to orbital region. Sometimes with superficial ornamentation where in direct contact with skin." [TAO:wd]
comment: Synonym of lateral ethmoid wing: lateral ethmoid ventral wing (characiforms).
synonym: "lateral ethmoid ventral wing" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000226 ! lateral ethmoid

[Term]
id: TAO:0001623
name: type 1 odontode
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Odontode that is attached to dermal bone." [TAO:wd]
comment: Term from Schaefer & Buitrago-Suarez 2002.
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001626
name: premaxillary tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the premaxilla." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla

[Term]
id: TAO:0001627
name: maxillary tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the maxilla." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: TAO:0001628
name: dentary tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the dentary." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001952 ! dentary tooth row
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004742 ! dentary

[Term]
id: TAO:0001632
name: ectopterygoid tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the ectopterygoid bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0000656 ! ectopterygoid

[Term]
id: TAO:0001633
name: entopterygoid tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the entopterygoid bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "mesopterygoid tooth" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: TAO:0001634
name: pharyngobranchial 1 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Most anterior pharyngobranchial cartilage, located medial to the epibranchials." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "infrapharyngobranchial 1 cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001533 ! pharyngobranchial cartilage
is_a: TAO:0001910 ! pharyngobranchial 1 element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001635
name: pharyngobranchial 1 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Most anterior pharyngobranchial bone, located medial to the epibranchials." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "infrapharyngobranchial 1 bone" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000527 ! pharyngobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001910 ! pharyngobranchial 1 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001634 ! pharyngobranchial 1 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001636
name: pharyngobranchial 4 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Most posterior pharyngobranchial bone, located medial to the epibranchials." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "infrapharyngobranchial 4 bone" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000527 ! pharyngobranchial bone
is_a: TAO:0001913 ! pharyngobranchial 4 element
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001251 ! pharyngobranchial 4 cartilage
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001862 ! epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 4 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001640
name: notochordal ossification
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Perichordal bone that surrounds the anterior tip of the notochord." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008909 ! perichordal bone tissue

[Term]
id: TAO:0001647
name: pharyngeal tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone of the pharyngeal arches usually bearing teeth." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pharyngeal toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001648
name: basihyal tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal tooth plate that lies dorsal to the basihyal cartilage or bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "basihyal toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001647 ! pharyngeal tooth plate
relationship: part_of TAO:0001402 ! ventral hyoid arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0001649
name: basihyal tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the basihyal tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001648 ! basihyal tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001650
name: pharyngobranchial 2 tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal tooth plate that lies ventral to pharyngobranchial 2 bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pharyngobranchial 2 toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0002015 ! pharyngobranchial tooth plate
relationship: part_of TAO:0001231 ! gill arch 2 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001651
name: pharyngobranchial 2 tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the pharyngobranchial 2 tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001650 ! pharyngobranchial 2 tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001652
name: pharyngobranchial 3 tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal tooth plate that lies ventral to pharyngobranchial 3 bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0002015 ! pharyngobranchial tooth plate
relationship: part_of TAO:0001232 ! gill arch 3 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001653
name: pharyngobranchial 3 tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is part of the pharyngobranchial 3 tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001652 ! pharyngobranchial 3 tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001654
name: upper pharyngeal 4 tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal tooth plate that lies ventral to pharyngobranchial 4, and located anterior to upper pharyngeal 5 tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "upper pharyngeal 4 toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001647 ! pharyngeal tooth plate
relationship: part_of TAO:0001230 ! gill arch 4 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001655
name: upper pharyngeal 4 tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the upper pharyngeal 4 tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001654 ! upper pharyngeal 4 tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001656
name: upper pharyngeal 5 tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal toothplate that lies ventral to pharyngobranchial 4, and located posterior to upper pharyngeal 4 tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "upper pharyngeal 5 toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001647 ! pharyngeal tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001657
name: upper pharyngeal 5 tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the upper pharyngeal 5 tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001656 ! upper pharyngeal 5 tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001658
name: upper pharyngeal tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal tooth plate that lies ventral to pharyngobranchials 3 and 4." [TAO:wd]
comment: This represents the condition found in catfishes.
synonym: "upper pharyngeal toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001647 ! pharyngeal tooth plate
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001860 ! epibranchial 4-upper pharyngeal toothplate joint
relationship: part_of TAO:0001229 ! gill arch 5 skeleton
relationship: part_of TAO:0001230 ! gill arch 4 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001659
name: upper pharyngeal tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the upper pharyngeal tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001658 ! upper pharyngeal tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001660
name: basibranchial tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is part of the basibranchial tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001661 ! basibranchial tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001661
name: basibranchial tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal tooth plate that lies dorsal to basibranchials 1-3." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "basibranchial 1-3 toothplates" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "basibranchial toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001647 ! pharyngeal tooth plate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001662
name: basibranchial 4 tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal tooth plate that lies dorsal to basibranchial 4 bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "basibranchial 4 toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001647 ! pharyngeal tooth plate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001663
name: basibranchial 4 tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the basibranchial 4 tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001662 ! basibranchial 4 tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001664
name: basibranchial 2 tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal tooth plate that lies dorsal to basibranchial 2 bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "basibranchial 2 toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001647 ! pharyngeal tooth plate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001665
name: basibranchial 2 tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth that is attached to the basibranchial 2 tooth plate." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of TAO:0001664 ! basibranchial 2 tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0001666
name: rudimentary neural arch
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural arch on the urostyle. It does not support a neural spine. Sanger and McCune 2002." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003106 ! urostyle

[Term]
id: TAO:0001671
name: anal fin radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anal fin radials are internal skeletal supports of the anal fin." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000271 ! radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0001672
name: dorsal fin radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dorsal fin radials are internal skeletal supports of the dorsal fin." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000271 ! radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0001673
name: coronoid process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004742 ! dentary

[Term]
id: TAO:0001674
name: infraorbital 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the sixth bone of the infraorbital series." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "dermosphenotic" RELATED []
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001675
name: mesethmoid cornu
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bony projection that extends from the mesethmoid anteriorly. Mesethmoid cornua are paired processes each articulating with its ipsilateral premaxilla and both cornua bounding a median mesethmoid cleft." [TAO:pem]
synonym: "cornu" EXACT []
synonym: "cornua" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000323 ! mesethmoid bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001676
name: mesethmoid-premaxillary joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the mesethmoid and premaxilla. Mesethmoid-premaxillary joint is paired." [TAO:pem]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001677
name: mesethmoid-nasal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the mesethmoid and nasal. Mesethmoid-nasal joint is paired." [TAO:pem]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001678
name: mesethmoid-frontal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the mesethmoid and frontal. Mesethmoid-frontal joint is paired." [TAO:pem]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001679
name: mesethmoid-lateral ethmoid joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the mesethmoid and lateral ethmoid. Mesethmoid-lateral ethmoid joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001680
name: mesethmoid-vomer joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the mesethmoid and vomer. Mesethmoid-vomer joint is unpaired." [TAO:pem]
synonym: "mesethmoid-prevomer joint" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001681
name: cornu mesial process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bony projection that is mesially-directed and off the anteromedial corner of each mesethmoid cornu." [TAO:pem]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001675 ! mesethmoid cornu

[Term]
id: TAO:0001683
name: transcapular ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ligament that is attached to supracleithrum and basioccipital." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "Baudelot's ligament" EXACT []
synonym: "transscapular ligament" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001684
name: ossified transcapular ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Membrane bone that is fused to supracleithrum and is jointed to basioccipital and exoccipital." [TAO:pem]
synonym: "ossified Baudelot's ligament" EXACT []
synonym: "ossified transscapular ligament" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0007842 ! membrane bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001685
name: lateral ethmoid-ectopterygoid ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Lateral ethmoid-ectopterygoid ligament is a ligament that connects the lateral ethmoid to the ectopterygoid." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001687
name: interopercular-mandibular ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Interopercular-mandibular ligament is a ligament that connects the interopercle to an element of the lower jaw, typically the retroarticular." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "interopercular-retroarticular ligament" EXACT []
synonym: "interoperculo-mandibular ligament" EXACT []
synonym: "interoperculomandibular ligament" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001688
name: palatine cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "palatine cartilage - cartilage that is separate from and anterior to the pterygoquadrate cartilage." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001689
name: pterygoquadrate cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "pterygoquadrate cartilage - cartilage that is separate from and posterior to the palatine cartilage." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001690
name: anterior cartilage of palatine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "anterior cartilage of palatine - cartilage that caps the anterior end of the autopalatine bone. It is typically present in adults." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001688 ! palatine cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001691
name: posterior cartilage of palatine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "posterior cartilage of palatine - cartilage that caps the posterior end of the autopalatine bone. It is typically present in adults." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001688 ! palatine cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001692
name: median premaxilla
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is located in the middle of the upper jaw, independently formed by fusion of tooth bases attached to soft tissue in the middle portion of the upper lip. The median premaxilla bears teeth in adults." [TAO:wd]
comment: Recorded in trichomycterid subfamilies Stegophilinae and Vandelliinae (Baskin, 1973). submitted by Mario de Pinna.
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001693
name: protractor operculi
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Muscle located in the lateral region of the cheek, linking the lateral surface of opercle with the posterolateral margin of the suspensorium (usually the preopercle)." [TAO:wd]
comment: Occurs in most members of the Trichomycteridae, except in basal Copionodontinae and Trichogeninae (de Pinna, 1992).
is_a: TAO:0001953 ! cranial muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0001694
name: humerovertebral ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ligament that links the tip of the postcleithral process of the cleithrum with either the vertebral column (at the vertebral parapophysis or rib of the sixth vertebra) or with the soft tissue around the postcleithral region." [TAO:wd]
comment: Recorded in siluriform families Aspredinidae, Amblycipitidae, Akysidae, Sisoridae and Erethistidae (dePinna 1996). Submitted by Mario de Pinna.
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001695
name: mediopharyngobranchial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage, elongate and usually bifurcated posteriorly, located anteriorly on the upper branchial arches, attached to the anterior tips of the first infrapharyngobranchials. It supports rows of gill rakers on each side and is not homologous to other structures in the teleost gill-arch skeleton. One or two mediopharyngobranchials may be present." [TAO:wd]
comment: Recorded in several Clupeoidei (Nelson, 1967). Submitted by Mario de Pinna.
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001696
name: gongyloid cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage present on the dorsal surface of the middle portion of the upper branchial arches, dorsal to the point of contact between the second and third infrapharyngobranchials. It is round or cylyndrical in shape. Not homologous to the mediopharyngobranchial." [TAO:wd]
comment: Recorded in Pristigasteridae and Engraulidae, of Clupeiformes, apparently also present in Chanos, of Gonorynchiformes (Di Dario, 2002).
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001697
name: transverse radial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone, which may be ossified or not in adults, located immediately anteriorly to the pterygiophore series of the anal fin. The structure is usually cylindrical, and its plane of symmetry is transverse to that of pterygiophores and fin rays." [TAO:wd]
comment: Recorded in some Cetopsidae, Clariidae and Austroglanididae (Siluriformes) (De Pinna et al., 2007).
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001698
name: anal-fin stay
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone located posterior to the last anal fin pterygiophore. The anal fin stay is a median bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "anal fin stay" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0000167 ! anal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001699
name: dorsal-fin stay
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone located posterior to the last dorsal fin pterygiophore. The dorsal fin stay is a median bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "dorsal fin stay" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001124 ! dorsal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001700
name: caudal-fin stay
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is located anterior to the caudal fin procurrent rays. Caudal fin stays are unpaired median bones." [TAO:wd]
comment: Development of caudal fin stays appears uncertain according to several authors (e.g., Zanata and Vari 2005, Vari 1995).
synonym: "caudal fin stay" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001701
name: basibranchial 5 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Basibranchial bone that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arch 5 (pharyngeal arch 7). Develops in posterior copula cartilage or basibranchial 5 cartilage." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001919 ! basibranchial 5 element
is_a: UBERON:0004740 ! basibranchial
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001866 ! basibranchial 5 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001702
name: infraorbital 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the seventh bone of the infraorbital series." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001703
name: infraorbital 8
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the eighth bone of the infraorbital series." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001704
name: infraorbital 9
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the ninth bone of the infraorbital series." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001705
name: infraorbital 10
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the tenth bone of the infraorbital series." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001706
name: infraorbital 11
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the eleventh bone of the infraorbital series." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001707
name: infraorbital 12
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the twelfth bone of the infraorbital series." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001708
name: dermosphenotic
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Infraorbital that is the last bone of the infraorbital series, carrying the infraorbital canal, and sometimes also the supraorbital, temporal, and/or preopercular canals. The dermosphenotic is sometimes sutured or fused completely to the skull, e.g. to the autosphenotic." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "infraorbital 5" RELATED []
synonym: "infraorbital 6" RELATED []
synonym: "infraorbital 7" RELATED []
synonym: "infraorbital 8" RELATED []
is_a: TAO:0000376 ! infraorbital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001710
name: opercle-interopercle joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the opercle and interopercle. Opercle-interopercle joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001711
name: frontal-pterotic joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the frontal and pterotic. Frontal-pterotic joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001713
name: caudal principal ray 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is the dorsalmost caudal principal ray of the caudal fin." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001714
name: caudal principal ray 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 1." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001715
name: caudal principal ray 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 2." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001716
name: caudal principal ray 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 3." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001717
name: caudal principal ray 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 4." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001718
name: caudal principal ray 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 5." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001719
name: caudal principal ray 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 6." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001720
name: caudal principal ray 8
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 7." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001721
name: caudal principal ray 9
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 8." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001722
name: caudal principal ray 10
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 9." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001723
name: caudal principal ray 11
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 10." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001724
name: caudal principal ray 12
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 11." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001725
name: caudal principal ray 13
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 12." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001726
name: caudal principal ray 14
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 13." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001727
name: caudal principal ray 15
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 14." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001728
name: caudal principal ray 16
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 15." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001729
name: caudal principal ray 17
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 16." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001730
name: caudal principal ray 18
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 17." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001731
name: caudal principal ray 19
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal principal ray that is ventrally adjacent to caudal principal ray 18." [TAO:wd]
comment: For reference, see Weitzman and Fink 1985 Figure 8.
is_a: TAO:0001585 ! caudal principal ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001732
name: vertebra 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 4." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
relationship: overlaps TAO:0001940 ! vertebra 4-vertebra 5 joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0002054 ! vertebra 5-vertebra 6 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001733
name: mesethmoid ventral diverging lamella
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bony projection that is the posterolaterally oriented projection on the ventral region of the mesethmoid. Mesethmoid ventral diverging lamellae are paired and posteriorly contact the lateral ethmoid bones." [TAO:wd]
comment: Reference: Weitzman 1962.
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000323 ! mesethmoid bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001734
name: posterior process of basipterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the posteriorly oriented, paired projection of the basipterygium." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "ischiac process" EXACT []
synonym: "ischiatic process" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000623 ! basipterygium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001735
name: scapular foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen that is located in the scapula. The scapular foramen is paired and formed by a ring of bone." [TAO:wd]
comment: Weitzman 1962.
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001737
name: coracoid foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen that is located in the coracoid." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001739
name: anterior cranial fontanel
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Fontanel that is located between the contralateral frontals and anterior to the epiphyseal bar." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "anterior fontanel" EXACT []
synonym: "frontal fontanel" EXACT []
synonym: "frontal fontanelle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002221 ! fontanelle

[Term]
id: TAO:0001740
name: posterior cranial fontanel
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Fontanel that is located posterior to the epiphyseal bar, and typically located between the contralateral frontals and parietals (if present) and bordered posteriorly by the supraoccipital." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "parietal fontanel" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior fontanel" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior fontanelle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002221 ! fontanelle

[Term]
id: TAO:0001741
name: trigeminofacial foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen through which branches of cranial nerves V (trigeminal) and VII (facial) exit." [TAO:wd]
comment: i]In some vertebrates there are separate trigeminal foramen and facial foramen.
synonym: "trigemino-facialis foramen" EXACT []
synonym: "trigeminofacial nerve foramen" EXACT []
synonym: "trigeminofacialis foramen" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001742
name: auditory foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen through which cranial nerve VIII (auditory) exits." [TAO:wd]
comment: Reference: Weitzman 1962.
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001747
name: lateral mesethmoid wing
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bony projection located on the anteroventral region of the mesethmoid which articulates with the premaxilla." [TAO:wd]
comment: Synonyms: mesethmoid lateral wing (Zanata and Vari 2005) lateral ethmoid wing (Weitzman 1962) premaxillary articular process (Fink and Fink 1996).
synonym: "lateral ethmoid wing" EXACT []
synonym: "mesethmoid lateral wing" EXACT []
synonym: "premaxillary articular process" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000323 ! mesethmoid bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001748
name: superficial ophthalmic nerve foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen through which the superficial ophthalmic nerve passes." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001749
name: dentary-anguloarticular joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the dentary and anguloarticular. Dentary-anguloarticular joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001750
name: rib of vertebra 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the sixth centrum." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "sixth pleural rib" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: TAO:0001751
name: rib of vertebra 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the fifth centrum." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "fifth pleural rib" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: TAO:0001752
name: pre-narial cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "The pre-narial cartilage is a cartilage that is located anterior to the anterior naris." [TAO:wd]
comment: Chen 1994.
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001753
name: posttemporal fossa
namespace: teleost_anatomy
comment: Chen 1994 gives these two synonyms: "temporal fossa", Gauba 1967; and "temporal groove", Mahajan 1966.
synonym: "temporal fossa" EXACT []
synonym: "temporal groove" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa

[Term]
id: TAO:0001754
name: dorsal fin lepidotrichium 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001418 ! dorsal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001755
name: dorsal fin lepidotrichium 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001418 ! dorsal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001756
name: dorsal fin lepidotrichium 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001418 ! dorsal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001757
name: dorsal fin lepidotrichium 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001418 ! dorsal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001758
name: dorsal fin lepidotrichium 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001418 ! dorsal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001759
name: dorsal fin lepidotrichium 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001418 ! dorsal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001760
name: dorsal fin lepidotrichium 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001418 ! dorsal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001761
name: pectoral fin lepidotrichium 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin lepidotrichium 1 is the leading or marginal ray of the fin and articulates with the scapula. Lepidotrichium 1 is commonly segmented but unbranched but occasionally may be a massive strong unsegmented element (e.g., spine)." [TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "pectoral fin ray 1" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001551 ! pectoral fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001762
name: pectoral fin lepidotrichium 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin lepidotrichium that, in a linear sequence, is the second most anterior pectoral ray that it is usually branched and segmented." [TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "pectoral fin ray 2" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001551 ! pectoral fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001763
name: pectoral fin lepidotrichium 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin lepidotrichium that, in a linear sequence, is the third most anterior pectoral ray that it is usually branched and segmented." [TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "pectoral fin ray 3" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001551 ! pectoral fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001764
name: pectoral fin lepidotrichium 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin lepidotrichium that, in a linear sequence, is the fourth most anterior pectoral ray that it is usually branched and segmented." [TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "pectoral fin ray 4" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001551 ! pectoral fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001765
name: pectoral fin lepidotrichium 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin lepidotrichium that, in a linear sequence, is the fifth most anterior pectoral ray that it is usually branched and segmented." [TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "pectoral fin ray 5" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001551 ! pectoral fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001766
name: pectoral fin lepidotrichium 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin lepidotrichium that, in a linear sequence, is the sixth most anterior pectoral ray that it is usually branched and segmented." [TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "pectoral fin ray 6" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001551 ! pectoral fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001767
name: pectoral fin lepidotrichium 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin lepidotrichium that, in a linear sequence, is the seventh most anterior pectoral ray that it is usually branched and segmented." [TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "pectoral fin ray 7" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001551 ! pectoral fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001768
name: retractor tentaculi
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bilaterally paired dorsal hyoid arch muscle that retracts the maxillary barbel." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001953 ! cranial muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0001769
name: anal fin lepidotrichium 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001421 ! anal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001770
name: anal fin lepidotrichium 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001421 ! anal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001771
name: anal fin lepidotrichium 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001421 ! anal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001772
name: anal fin lepidotrichium 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001421 ! anal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001773
name: anal fin lepidotrichium 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001421 ! anal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001774
name: anal fin lepidotrichium 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001421 ! anal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001775
name: anal fin lepidotrichium 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001421 ! anal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001776
name: pelvic fin lepidotrichium 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001552 ! pelvic fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001777
name: pelvic fin lepidotrichium 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001552 ! pelvic fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001778
name: pelvic fin lepidotrichium 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001552 ! pelvic fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001779
name: pelvic fin lepidotrichium 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001552 ! pelvic fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001780
name: pelvic fin lepidotrichium 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001552 ! pelvic fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001781
name: pelvic fin lepidotrichium 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001552 ! pelvic fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001782
name: pelvic fin lepidotrichium 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001552 ! pelvic fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001783
name: supraoccipital crest
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is part of the supraoccipital. It is a posteriorly directed and unpaired median projection off the posterior margin of the supraoccipital bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The supraoccipital crest may be small and restricted to the dorsal part of the supraoccipital, or may be large and long and extending ventrally to the dorsal margin of the foramen magnum. The supraoccipital crest may be a large process extending above the skull roof in some teleostean subgroups.
synonym: "supraoccipital process" EXACT []
synonym: "supraoccipital spine" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004747 ! supraoccipital

[Term]
id: TAO:0001784
name: autopalatine-vomer joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates autopalatine and vomer bones. Autopalatine-vomer joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001785
name: branched dorsal fin ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001418 ! dorsal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001786
name: unbranched dorsal fin ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001418 ! dorsal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001787
name: pectoral fin spine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral-fin lepidotrichium 1 with mostly co-ossified and unsegmented hemitrichia that form a stiff and usually thick shaft and enlarged basal processes that moveably articulate with the pectoral girdle. The pectoral fin spine may also result from the fusion of several lepidotrichia that form a stiff shaft." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
synonym: "pectoral spine" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001551 ! pectoral fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001788
name: pelvic splint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is located near the lateral margin of the pelvic fin, and lateral to pelvic-fin lepidotrichium 1." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010711 ! pelvic fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001789
name: dorsal fin spine 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dorsal-fin lepidotrichium 1 with co-ossified and unsegmented hemitrichia that form a stiff shaft and enlarged base that moveably articulates with first (anteriormost) dorsal-fin pterygiophore." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "dorsal spine 1" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0002261 ! dorsal fin spine

[Term]
id: TAO:0001790
name: dorsal fin spine 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dorsal-fin lepidotrichium 2 with co-ossified and unsegmented hemitrichia that form a stiff shaft and enlarged base that moveably articulates with second dorsal-fin pterygiophore." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "dorsal spine 2" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0002261 ! dorsal fin spine

[Term]
id: TAO:0001792
name: pharyngobranchial 3 bone uncinate process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bony projection that is part of the pharyngobranchial 3." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001252 ! pharyngobranchial 3 bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001793
name: pharyngobranchial 4 bone uncinate process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bony projection that is part of the pharyngobranchial 4." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "infrapharyngobranchial 4 bone uncinate process" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001636 ! pharyngobranchial 4 bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001794
name: orbitosphenoid-prootic joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates orbitosphenoid and prootic bones. Orbitosphenoid-prootic joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001795
name: ceratohyal foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen in the anterior ceratohyal for passage of the hyoidean artery." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "bericiform foramen" EXACT []
synonym: "beryciform foramen" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001796
name: epibranchial 2 bone uncinate process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial uncinate process that is part of epibranchial 2 bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001382 ! epibranchial bone uncinate process
relationship: part_of TAO:0001246 ! epibranchial 2 bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001797
name: epibranchial 1 bone uncinate process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial uncinate process that is part of epibranchial 1 bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001382 ! epibranchial bone uncinate process
relationship: part_of TAO:0001243 ! epibranchial 1 bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001798
name: epicentral
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Intermuscular bone that articulates with the vertebral centrum." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000526 ! intermuscular bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001800
name: cephalic rib
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Modified epicentral intermuscular bone that connects the back of the skull with the pectoral girdle." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001798 ! epicentral

[Term]
id: TAO:0001801
name: quadrate-hyomandibula joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates quadrate and hyomandibula bones. Quadrate-hyomandibula joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001802
name: quadrate-anguloarticular joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates quadrate and anguloarticular bones. Quadrate-articular joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001803
name: quadrate-metapterygoid joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates quadrate and metapterygoid bones. Quadrate-metapterygoid joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001804
name: olfactory nerve foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen for the passage of the olfactory nerve or cranial nerve 1." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001805
name: articular bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that is located posterior to the dentary, medial to the angular and antero-dorsal to the retroarticular forming the lower jaw. The articular bears a dorso-posterior articular facet for the condyle of the quadrate. The articular is a paired bone." [TAO:wd]
comment: The articular fuses with the angular bone in clupeocephalans forming the anguloarticular.
synonym: "articular" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003107 ! Meckel's cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: TAO:0001807
name: preepiotic fossa
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Fossa that is a concavity on the dorsolateral surface of the skull roof found at least partially on the epiotic (epioccipital)." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "preepioccipital fossa" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa

[Term]
id: TAO:0001808
name: facial foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen through which cranial nerve VII (facial) exits." [TAO:wd]
comment: This is the anterior opening of the trigeminofacialis (or trigeminal-facialis) chamber.
synonym: "anterior opening trigeminofacialis chamber" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001809
name: trigeminal foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen through which cranial nerve V (trigeminal) exits." [TAO:wd]
comment: This is the posterior opening of trigeminofacialis (or trigeminal-facialis) chamber.
synonym: "posterior opening of trigeminofacialis chamber " EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001815
name: nuchal plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is a bony expansion in the integument anterior to or flanking the dorsal fin that is part of and at the distal end of a supraneural or dorsal fin proximal radial." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0002063 ! nuchal plate series

[Term]
id: TAO:0001816
name: anterior nuchal plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Nuchal plate that is unpaired and part of the supraneural and in contact, or not, with the supraoccipital crest anteriorly and middle nuchal plate posteriorly." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "first nuchal plate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001815 ! nuchal plate
relationship: part_of TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001817
name: middle nuchal plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Nuchal plate that is unpaired and part of dorsal fin proximal radial 1 and usually in contact with the anterior nuchal plate and paired posterior nuchal plates." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "median nuchal plate" EXACT []
synonym: "second nuchal plate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001815 ! nuchal plate
relationship: part_of TAO:0001818 ! dorsal fin proximal radial 1

[Term]
id: TAO:0001818
name: dorsal fin proximal radial 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000947 ! dorsal fin proximal radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0001819
name: dorsal fin proximal radial 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000947 ! dorsal fin proximal radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0001820
name: posterior nuchal plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Paired nuchal plate that is part of dorsal fin proximal radial 2 and usually in contact with the middle nuchal plate." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "third nuchal plate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001815 ! nuchal plate
relationship: part_of TAO:0001819 ! dorsal fin proximal radial 2

[Term]
id: TAO:0001821
name: notochord posterior region
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Portion of tissue that is part of the caudal fin." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001822
name: epibranchial 3 bone uncinate process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial uncinate process that is part of epibranchial 3 bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001382 ! epibranchial bone uncinate process
relationship: part_of TAO:0001247 ! epibranchial 3 bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001823
name: epibranchial 4 bone uncinate process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Epibranchial uncinate process that is part of epibranchial 4 bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001382 ! epibranchial bone uncinate process
relationship: part_of TAO:0001245 ! epibranchial 4 bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001825
name: urohyal lateral process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is part of the urohyal; it is the posterolaterally directed process located on the ventrolateral margin of urohyal. Urohyal lateral process is paired." [TAO:wd]
comment: Synonyms: urohyal lateral lamella (Toledo-Piza 2007; Zanata and Vari 2005)\nurohyal ventral wing (Castro and Vari 2004).
synonym: "urohyal lateral lamella" EXACT []
synonym: "urohyal ventral wing" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000452 ! urohyal

[Term]
id: TAO:0001826
name: urohyal median process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is part of the urohyal; it is the posterodorsally directed and median process located on the dorsal margin of the urohyal." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000452 ! urohyal

[Term]
id: TAO:0001827
name: premaxillary-maxillary ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ligament that connects the premaxilla to the maxilla." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001828
name: primordial ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ligament that connects the maxilla with the lower jaw." [TAO:wd]
comment: Synonym articular-maxillary ligament (Alexander 1964).
synonym: "articular-maxillary ligament" EXACT []
synonym: "ligamentum primordiale " EXACT []
synonym: "maxillo-mandibular ligament" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001829
name: dorsal caudal procurrent ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
alt_id: TAO:0005262
def: "Caudal procurrent ray that forms part of the anterior dorsal series of lepidotrichia of the caudal fin and may be associated with a neural spine or a epural or a uroneural. A pair of hemitrichia forms each ray." [TAO:Arratia_2008, TAO:wd]
synonym: "caudal fin dorsal procurrent ray" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal procurrent caudal-fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001584 ! caudal procurrent ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001830
name: ventral caudal procurrent ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
alt_id: TAO:0005263
def: "Caudal procurrent ray that forms part of the anterior ventral series of lepidotrichia of the caudal fin that may be associated with a neural spine or a epural or an uroneural (dorsal series) and with a hemal spine of a preural vertebra (ventral series). A caudal procurrent ray is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:Arratia_2008, TAO:wd]
synonym: "caudal fin ventral caudal procurrent ray" EXACT []
synonym: "precurrent ray" EXACT []
synonym: "rudimentary ray" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral procurrent caudal-fin ray" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral procurrent ray" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001584 ! caudal procurrent ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0001831
name: pterosphenoid-orbitosphenoid joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the pterosphenoid and orbitosphenoid. Pterosphenoid-orbitosphenoid joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001832
name: parasphenoid-basioccipital joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the parasphenoid and basioccipital. Parasphenoid-basioccipital joint is unpaired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001833
name: premaxillary tooth row
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth row that is on the premaxilla." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001840
name: tip
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical point that is the apex of a projection or anything long and tapered; can be bony or cartilage" [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection

[Term]
id: TAO:0001841
name: interhyal-epihyal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the interhyal and epihyal bones, or interhyal and ceratohyal cartilages. Interhyal-epihyal joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001842
name: epihyal-ceratohyal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the epihyal and ceratohyal bones. Epihyal-ceratohyal joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001843
name: ceratohyal-dorsal hypohyal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the ceratohyal and dorsal hypohyal bones. Ceratohyal-dorsal hypohyal joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001844
name: ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the ceratohyal and ventral hypohyal bones. Ceratohyal-ventral hypohyal joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001845
name: dorsal hypohyal-ventral hypohyal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the dorsal hypohyal and ventral hypohyal bones. Dorsal hypohyal-ventral hypohyal joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001846
name: inter-ventral hypohyal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the contralateral ventral hypohyal bones or the contralateral ceratobranchial cartilages. Inter-ventral hypohyal joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001847
name: dorsal hypohyal-urohyal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the dorsal hypohyal and urohyal bones. Dorsal hypohyal-urohyal joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001848
name: ventral hypohyal-urohyal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the ventral hypohyal and urohyal bones. Ventral hypohyal-urohyal joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001849
name: epihyal-branchiostegal ray joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the epihyal and branchiostegal ray bones. Epihyal-branchiostegal ray joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001850
name: ceratohyal-branchiostegal ray joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the ceratohyal and branchiostegal ray bones. Ceratohyal-branchiostegal ray joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001852
name: postcleithrum 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Postcleithrum that anteriorly articulates with the supracleithrum and/or the cleithrum of the pectoral girdle; most dorsal element in a series of postcleithra." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000410 ! postcleithrum

[Term]
id: TAO:0001853
name: postcleithrum 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Postcleithrum that articulates dorsally with postcleithrum 1, ventrally with postcleithrum 3, and anteriorly with cleithrum." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000410 ! postcleithrum

[Term]
id: TAO:0001854
name: postcleithrum 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Postcleithrum that articulates dorsally with postcleithrum 2 and, sometimes, anteriorly with cleithrum." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000410 ! postcleithrum

[Term]
id: TAO:0001855
name: hyomandibular condyle for the opercle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process on the dorso-posterior margin of the hyomandibula cartilage or bone that articulates with a depression on the antero-dorsal margin of the opercle." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "opercular process of hyomandibular" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0002259 ! condyle
relationship: part_of TAO:0000672 ! hyomandibula
relationship: part_of TAO:0001422 ! hyosymplectic cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001856
name: gill ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Gill ray is a slender, usually rod-like cartilage within a gill filament and ligamentously tied to its associated pharyngeal arch bone or cartilage." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001857
name: hyoidean artery
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "An artery that passes along the ventral portions of the hyoid arch; supplies oxygenated blood to the pseudobranch." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004467 ! musculature of pharynx

[Term]
id: TAO:0001858
name: suprapharyngobranchial
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A pharyngobranchial bone that articulates with the neurocranium dorsally and epibranchial 1 and pharyngobranchial 2 ventrally; lies dorsal to other elements of the dorsal portions of the branchial arches." [TAO:wd]
comment: Articulates with the exoccipital or prootic depending on taxon.
synonym: "branchial spiracle" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000527 ! pharyngobranchial bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001859
name: pharyngobranchial 1 tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal tooth plate that lies ventral to pharyngobranchial 1 bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pharyngobranchial 1 toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0002015 ! pharyngobranchial tooth plate
relationship: part_of TAO:0001228 ! gill arch 1 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001860
name: epibranchial 4-upper pharyngeal toothplate joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the epibranchial 4 cartilage or bone and upper pharyngeal toothplate. Epibranchial 4-upper pharyngeal toothplate joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001861
name: epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 3 joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the epibranchial 3 cartilage or bone and pharyngobranchial 3 cartilage or bone. Epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 3 joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001862
name: epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 4 joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the epibranchial 3 cartilage or bone and pharyngobranchial 4 cartilage or bone. Epibranchial 3-pharyngobranchial 4 joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001863
name: inter-hypobranchial 3 joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the left and right hypobranchial 3 cartilages or bones. Inter-hypobranchial 3 joint is unpaired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001864
name: basibranchial 1 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arch 1 (pharyngeal arch 3)." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001915 ! basibranchial 1 element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001221 ! anterior copula

[Term]
id: TAO:0001865
name: basibranchial 4 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arch 4 (pharyngeal arch 6)." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001918 ! basibranchial 4 element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001222 ! posterior copula

[Term]
id: TAO:0001866
name: basibranchial 5 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arch 5 (pharyngeal arch 7)." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001919 ! basibranchial 5 element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001222 ! posterior copula

[Term]
id: TAO:0001867
name: post-ceratobranchial cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is ventral, median, and at or posterior to the juncture of the bilaterally paired ceratobranchial 5 cartilage or bone." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "basibranchial 6" EXACT []
synonym: "copula 4" EXACT []
synonym: "pericardial cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001868
name: hypohyal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates posteriorly with the ceratohyal cartilage." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001869
name: supraneural 2 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Postcranial axial cartilage located dorsal to vertebra 2." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001457 ! postcranial axial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001870
name: supraneural 3 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Postcranial axial cartilage located dorsal to vertebrae 3 and 4." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001457 ! postcranial axial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001871
name: Weberian ossicle set
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of the Weberian ossicles." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of TAO:0001188 ! Weberian apparatus

[Term]
id: TAO:0001874
name: basibranchial 2 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arch 2 (pharyngeal arch 4)." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001916 ! basibranchial 2 element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001221 ! anterior copula

[Term]
id: TAO:0001876
name: basibranchial 3 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is ventral, median, and associated with branchial arch 3 (pharyngeal arch 5)." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001917 ! basibranchial 3 element
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001221 ! anterior copula

[Term]
id: TAO:0001877
name: neural arch 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural arch that is the anteriormost neural arch." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0001878
name: rib of vertebra 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the second centrum." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: TAO:0001879
name: rib of vertebra 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the first centrum." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: TAO:0001880
name: rib of vertebra 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the third centrum." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: TAO:0001881
name: rib of vertebra 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Rib that articulates with the parapophysis of the fourth centrum." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: TAO:0001882
name: parapophysis + rib of vertebra 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001883
name: parapophysis + rib of vertebra 3 + rib of vertebra 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001884
name: accessory neural arch
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural arch that is located posterior to the neurocranium and anterior to neural arch 1. The accessory neural arch is not associated with a vertebral centrum." [TAO:wd]
comment: Definition from de Pinna and Grande (2003).
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0001885
name: neural spine 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural spine that is associated with the first vertebra." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001076 ! spinous process of vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001886
name: neural spine 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural spine that is associated with the second vertebra." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001076 ! spinous process of vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001887
name: neural spine 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural spine that is associated with the third vertebra." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001076 ! spinous process of vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001888
name: supraneural 1 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Supraneural bone located dorsal to vertebra 1." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001889 ! supraneural 1 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001889
name: supraneural 1 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Postcranial axial cartilage located dorsal to vertebra 1." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001457 ! postcranial axial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001891
name: basihyal element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is median and is the anterior-most element of the ventral hyoid arch." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001402 ! ventral hyoid arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0001892
name: interhyal element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is bilaterally paired and articulates dorsally with the hyosymplectic cartilage or the articulation of the hyomandibula and symplectic." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001402 ! ventral hyoid arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0001893
name: hypobranchial element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is bilaterally paired and articulates medially with a median skeletal element and laterally with a ceratobranchial element." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001894
name: hypobranchial 1 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is ventral, bilaterally paired and articulates with a median skeletal element medially and with a ceratobranchial 1 element laterally." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001893 ! hypobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001228 ! gill arch 1 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001895
name: hypobranchial 2 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is ventral, bilaterally paired and articulates with a median skeletal element medially and with a ceratobranchial 2 element laterally." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001893 ! hypobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001231 ! gill arch 2 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001896
name: hypobranchial 3 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is ventral, bilaterally paired and articulates with a median skeletal element medially and with a ceratobranchial 3 element laterally." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001893 ! hypobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001232 ! gill arch 3 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001897
name: hypobranchial 4 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is ventral, bilaterally paired and articulates with a median skeletal element medially and with a ceratobranchial 4 element laterally." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001893 ! hypobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001230 ! gill arch 4 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001898
name: ceratobranchial element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is bilaterally paired and forms part of the ventral branchial arches." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of TAO:0002103 ! ceratobranchial series

[Term]
id: TAO:0001899
name: ceratobranchial 1 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001898 ! ceratobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001228 ! gill arch 1 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001900
name: ceratobranchial 2 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001898 ! ceratobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001231 ! gill arch 2 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001901
name: ceratobranchial 3 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001898 ! ceratobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001232 ! gill arch 3 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001902
name: ceratobranchial 4 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001898 ! ceratobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001230 ! gill arch 4 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001903
name: ceratobranchial 5 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001898 ! ceratobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001229 ! gill arch 5 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001904
name: epibranchial element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial element." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of TAO:0002102 ! epibranchial series

[Term]
id: TAO:0001905
name: epibranchial 1 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001904 ! epibranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001228 ! gill arch 1 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001906
name: epibranchial 2 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001904 ! epibranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001231 ! gill arch 2 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001907
name: epibranchial 3 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001904 ! epibranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001232 ! gill arch 3 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001908
name: epibranchial 4 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001904 ! epibranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001230 ! gill arch 4 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001909
name: pharyngobranchial element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element of the branchial arches located medial to the epibranchials." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001910
name: pharyngobranchial 1 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Most anterior pharyngobranchial element, located medial to the epibranchials." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001909 ! pharyngobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001228 ! gill arch 1 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001911
name: pharyngobranchial 2 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngobranchial element, located medial to the epibranchials and posteriorly adjacent to pharyngobranchial 1 element." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001909 ! pharyngobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001231 ! gill arch 2 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001912
name: pharyngobranchial 3 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngobranchial element, located medial to the epibranchials and posteriorly adjacent to pharyngobranchial 2 element." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001909 ! pharyngobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001232 ! gill arch 3 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001913
name: pharyngobranchial 4 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Most posterior pharyngobranchial element, located medial to the epibranchials." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "infrapharyngobranchial 4 element" RELATED []
is_a: TAO:0001909 ! pharyngobranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001230 ! gill arch 4 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001914
name: basibranchial element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001915
name: basibranchial 1 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is median and associated with branchial arch 1." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001914 ! basibranchial element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001916
name: basibranchial 2 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is median and associated with branchial arch 2." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001914 ! basibranchial element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001917
name: basibranchial 3 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is median and associated with branchial arch 3." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001914 ! basibranchial element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001918
name: basibranchial 4 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is median and associated with branchial arch 4." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001914 ! basibranchial element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001919
name: basibranchial 5 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is median and associated with branchial arch 5." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001914 ! basibranchial element

[Term]
id: TAO:0001922
name: inter-frontal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint between the left and right frontal bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001923
name: aortic canal
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Canal that houses the dorsal aorta." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001924
name: occipital artery foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramina that allow passage of occipital arteries." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001925
name: spiracular canal
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen for passage of nerve supplying otic lateral line." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001926
name: posterior myodome
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Fossa or chamber on posterior portion of orbital region of neurocranium that serves as attachment site for posterior extrinsic eye muscles." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa

[Term]
id: TAO:0001927
name: anterior myodome
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Fossa or chamber on anterior portion of orbital region of neurocranium that serves as attachment site for anterior extrinsic eye musculature." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa

[Term]
id: TAO:0001928
name: articular fossa of opercle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Fossa of opercle that articulates with hyomandibular condyle for opercle." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa

[Term]
id: TAO:0001929
name: epioccipital posterior process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process of the epioccipital that extends posteriorly, is laminar in form and is usually attached to Weberian apparatus." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001412 ! epiotic

[Term]
id: TAO:0001930
name: accessory vomerine tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is located lateral to vomer off midline of palate. Accessory vomerine tooth plate bears teeth and may be present as one or more pairs." [TAO:wd]
comment: Accessory vomerine tooth plate is not synonymous with dermopalatine tooth plate, palatine tooth plate, or pterygoid tooth plate.
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001931
name: infranuchal scute
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is an elongated plate associated with a ligment running between posterior nuchal plate and rib on vertebra 6. Infranuchal scute is paired and develops from its associated ligament and sensory canal tubular ossicle." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system

[Term]
id: TAO:0001932
name: sensory canal tubular ossicle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is ring-shaped or cylindrical and surrounds a sensory canal." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0001934
name: rostral plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is located on midline of snout in skin above mesethmoid and lateral ethmoid bones. Rostral plate bears type 1 odontodes and is unpaired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001939
name: inter-basipterygium joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the left and right basipterygium cartilage or bone. Inter-basipterygium joint is unpaired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pelvic girdle symphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvic symphysis" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001940
name: vertebra 4-vertebra 5 joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint between the centra, and sometimes the neural arches or parapophyses of vertebra 4 and vertebra 5." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001941
name: orbitosphenoid-lateral ethmoid joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the orbitosphenoid cartilage or bone and lateral ethmoid cartilage or bone. Orbitosphenoid-lateral ethmoid joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001942
name: autopalatine-maxillary joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the autopalatine cartilage or bone and maxilla." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001943
name: metapterygoid-autopalatine ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ligament that connects the metapterygoid to the autopalatine." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001944
name: lateral ethmoid-autopalatine ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Lateral ethmoid-autopalatine ligament is a ligament that connects the lateral ethmoid to the autopalatine." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001945
name: mesethmoid-premaxillary ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Mesethmoid-premaxillary ligament is a ligament that connects the mesethmoid to the premaxilla." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001946
name: mesethmoid-maxillary ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Mesethmoid-maxillary ligament is a ligament that connects the mesethmoid to the maxilla." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001947
name: hyomandibular-otic region joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the hyomandibular cartilage or bone and otic region cartilage or sphenotic bone, and often pterotic bone and prootic bone. Hyomandibular-otic region joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001948
name: anal-fin hook
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is part of the anal fin lepidotrichium." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "anal fin hook" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001421 ! anal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001949
name: caudal-fin hook
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is part of the caudal fin lepidotrichium." [TAO:wd]
comment: Caudal fin hook is found in some characiform fishes.
synonym: "caudal fin hook" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001550 ! caudal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001950
name: inter-premaxillary joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the left and right premaxillary bones. Inter-premaxillary joint is unpaired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001952
name: dentary tooth row
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth row that is on the dentary." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001953
name: cranial muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: TAO:0001954
name: axial muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: TAO:0001956
name: epibranchial 1 bone proximal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal cartilage that is part of and at the proximal end of epibranchial 1 bone, and that usually articulates with a pharyngobranchial element. Epibranchial 1 bone proximal cartilage is paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "epibranchial 1 anterior cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "epibranchial 1 mesial cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001243 ! epibranchial 1 bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001528 ! epibranchial 1 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001957
name: epibranchial 2 bone proximal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal cartilage that is part of and at the proximal end of epibranchial 2 bone, and that usually articulates with a pharyngobranchial element. Epibranchial 2 bone proximal cartilage is paired." [TAO:w]
synonym: "epibranchial 2 anterior cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "epibranchial 2 mesial cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001246 ! epibranchial 2 bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001530 ! epibranchial 2 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001958
name: ceratobranchial 3 bone distal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharynbeal cartilage that is part of and at the distal end of ceratobranchial 3 bone, and that usually articulates with epibranchial 3 element. Ceratobranchial 3 bone distal cartilage is paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "ceratobranchial 3 bone lateral cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "ceratobranchial 3 bone posterior cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001241 ! ceratobranchial 3 bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001518 ! ceratobranchial 3 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001959
name: ceratobranchial 4 bone proximal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal cartilage that is part of and at the proximal end of ceratobranchial 4 bone, and that usually articulates with basibranchial 4 element. Ceratobranchial 4 proximal cartilage is paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "ceratobranchial 4 bone anterior cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "ceratobranchial 4 bone mesial cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001240 ! ceratobranchial 4 bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001519 ! ceratobranchial 4 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001960
name: ceratobranchial 4 bone distal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal cartilage that is part of and at the distal end of ceratobranchial 4 bone, and that usually articulates with epibranchial 4 element. Ceratobranchial 4 distal cartilage is paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "ceratobranchial 4 bone lateral cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "ceratobranchial 4 bone posterior cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001240 ! ceratobranchial 4 bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001519 ! ceratobranchial 4 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001961
name: ceratobranchial 5 bone distal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal cartilage that is part of and at the distal end of ceratobranchial 5 bone. Ceratobranchial 5 bone distal cartilage is paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "ceratobranchial 5 bone lateral cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "ceratobranchial 5 bone posterior cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001239 ! ceratobranchial 5 bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001521 ! ceratobranchial 5 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001962
name: hypobranchial 1 bone distal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal cartilage that is part of and at the distal end of hypobranchial 1 bone, and that usually articulates with ceratobranchial 1 element. Hypobranchial 1 bone distal cartilage is paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "hypobranchial 1 bone lateral cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "hypobranchial 1 bone posterior cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001233 ! hypobranchial 1 bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001524 ! hypobranchial 1 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001963
name: hypobranchial 2 bone distal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal cartilage that is part of and at the distal end of hypobranchial 2 bone, and that usually articulates with ceratobranchial 2 element. Hypobranchial 2 bone distal cartilage is paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "hypobranchial 2 bone lateral cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "hypobranchial 2 bone posterior cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001236 ! hypobranchial 2 bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001525 ! hypobranchial 2 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001964
name: epibranchial 3 bone uncinate process cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal cartilage that is part of and at the distal end of epibranchial bone 3 uncinate process. epibranchial bone 3 uncinate process cartilage is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001822 ! epibranchial 3 bone uncinate process

[Term]
id: TAO:0001965
name: epibranchial 4 bone uncinate process cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal cartilage that is part of and at the distal end of epibranchial bone 4 uncinate process. Epibranchial bone 4 uncinate process cartilage is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001823 ! epibranchial 4 bone uncinate process

[Term]
id: TAO:0001966
name: epibranchial 5 element
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001904 ! epibranchial element
relationship: part_of TAO:0001229 ! gill arch 5 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001967
name: orbit
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical space that is the concavity containing the eye." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbit

[Term]
id: TAO:0001971
name: parapophysis 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Parapophysis that is the lateral projection from the fourth centrum. Parapophysis 4 is bilaterally paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0003109 ! parapophysis
relationship: part_of TAO:0001170 ! vertebra 4

[Term]
id: TAO:0001972
name: intercostal ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ligament that connects one rib to another." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0001974
name: subtemporal fossa
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa

[Term]
id: TAO:0001978
name: maxillary tooth row
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Tooth row that is on the maxilla." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row

[Term]
id: TAO:0001979
name: hyomandibula-metapterygoid joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the hyomandibula bone and metapterygoid bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001980
name: vertebra 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 5." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
relationship: overlaps TAO:0002054 ! vertebra 5-vertebra 6 joint
relationship: overlaps TAO:0002055 ! vertebra 6 - vertebra 7 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001981
name: vertebra 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 6." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
relationship: overlaps TAO:0002055 ! vertebra 6 - vertebra 7 joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0001982
name: vertebra 8
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 7." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001983
name: centrum 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Centrum that is part of vertebra 1." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001984
name: centrum 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Centrum that is part of vertebra 2." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001093 ! second cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0001985
name: centrum 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Centrum that is part of vertebra 3." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of TAO:0001169 ! vertebra 3

[Term]
id: TAO:0001986
name: centrum 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Centrum that is part of vertebra 4." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of TAO:0001170 ! vertebra 4

[Term]
id: TAO:0001987
name: centrum 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Centrum that is part of vertebra 5." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of TAO:0001732 ! vertebra 5

[Term]
id: TAO:0001988
name: centrum 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Centrum that is part of vertebra 6." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of TAO:0001980 ! vertebra 6

[Term]
id: TAO:0001989
name: mandibular-hyoid median cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage that is a spherical mass of cartilage located between the mandibular symphysis and ventral hyoid arch. Mandibular-hyoid median cartilage is unpaired." [TAO:wd]
comment: Schaefer, S. 1990. (Anatomy and relationships of the scoloplacid catfishes. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 142: 167-210) described this structure in certain catfishes and applied the name hyomandibular cartilage. To avoid possible confusion of this structure with the hyomandibular cartilage (or bone) of the suspensorium, the term mandibular-hyoid median cartilage is used here.
synonym: "hyomandibular cartilage sensu Schaefer (1990)" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0001991
name: lateral bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Membrane bone extending between a transverse process of the second proximal dorsal-fin radial and the pleural rib of the sixth vertebra. Lateral bone is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0007842 ! membrane bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001992
name: branched anal fin ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anal fin lepidotrichium that is distally branched." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "anal fin branched ray" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001421 ! anal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001993
name: branched pectoral fin ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin lepidotrichium that is distally branched and segmented." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pectoral fin branched ray" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001551 ! pectoral fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001994
name: gill raker row
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of adjacent gill rakers constituting a row and is part of a ceratobranchial or epibranchial element of the branchial arches. Gill raker row is paired." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0001997
name: parietal-supraoccipital
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Compound dermal and endochondral bone that results from the fusion of the paired dermal parietal bones and the median endodermal supraoccipital. Forms the dorso-posterior element of the dermatocranium." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: A parietal-supraoccipital or parieto-supraoccipital bone is an element present in Siluriformes.
synonym: "parieto-supraoccipital" EXACT []
synonym: "supraoccipital" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004747 ! supraoccipital
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004865 ! teleost parietal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0001998
name: posttemporal-supracleithrum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that results from the fusion of the dermal posttemporal and the dermal supracleithrum. Forms the upper skeletal element of the pectoral girdle between the cleithrum and neurocranium. Posttemporal-supracleithrum is paired." [TAO:wd]
comment: A posttemporo-supracleithrum is a bone present in Siluriformes. There are different opinions if this is the result of an ontogenetic or a phylogenetic fusion or the loss or one or other bone.
synonym: "postemporo-supracleithrum" EXACT []
synonym: "posttemporal" EXACT []
synonym: "posttemporo-supracleithrum" EXACT []
synonym: "supracleithrum" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0000549 ! posttemporal
relationship: develops_from TAO:0000594 ! supracleithrum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: TAO:0001999
name: posterior cleithral process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process arising from the posterior or postero-dorsal margin of the cleithrum dorsally adjacent to the insertion of the pectoral fin. Posterior cleithral process is paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "humeral process" EXACT []
synonym: "postcleithral process" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004741 ! cleithrum

[Term]
id: TAO:0002000
name: posterior dentation of pectoral fin spine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is tooth-like or thorn-like and arising from the posteriorly-facing margin of the abducted pectoral spine." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pectoral fin spine posterior dentation" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior denticle of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior serration of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior thorn of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior tooth of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001787 ! pectoral fin spine

[Term]
id: TAO:0002001
name: anterior dentation of pectoral fin spine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is tooth- or thorn-like and arising from the anteriorly-facing margin of the abducted pectoral spine. Anterior dentation of pectoral fin spine is usually present on the proximal and/or middle section of the pectoral fin spine." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "anterior denticle of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior serration of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior thorn of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior tooth of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "pectoral fin spine anterior dentation" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001787 ! pectoral fin spine

[Term]
id: TAO:0002002
name: anterior distal serration of pectoral fin spine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is retrorse, thorn-like and arising from the anteriorly-facing margin of the abducted pectoral spine. Anterior distal serration of pectoral fin spine is usually present on the distal section of the pectoral fin spine." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "anterior denticle of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior serration of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior thorn of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior tooth of pectoral fin spine" EXACT []
synonym: "pectoral fin spine anterior distal serration" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001787 ! pectoral fin spine

[Term]
id: TAO:0002003
name: posterior dentation of dorsal fin spine 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is tooth or thorn-like and arising from the posteriorly-facing margin of the abducted dorsal-fin spine 2." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "dorsal fin spine 2 posterior dentation" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior denticle of dorsal fin spine 2" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior serration of dorsal fin spine 2" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior thorn of dorsal fin spine 2" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior tooth of dorsal fin spine 2" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001790 ! dorsal fin spine 2

[Term]
id: TAO:0002004
name: anterior dentation of dorsal fin spine 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is tooth- or thorn-like and arising from the anteriorly-facing margin of the abducted dorsal-fin spine 2." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "anterior denticle of dorsal fin spine 2" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior serration of dorsal fin spine 2" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior thorn of dorsal fin spine 2" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior tooth of dorsal fin spine 2" EXACT []
synonym: "dorsal fin spine 2 anterior dentation" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection

[Term]
id: TAO:0002005
name: canal plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is ventral to the preopercle and bears a portion of the preopercular sensory canal." [TAO:wd]
comment: The number of canal plates present can be variable.
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002007
name: supraneural 4 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Supraneural dorsal to neural spine 4." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000442 ! supraneural bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0002008
name: neural lamina
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Neural lamina is a median, vertical ridge or bony septum between neural spine 3 and neural spine 4 on the dorsal side of the Weberian vertebra. Neural lamina is unpaired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001190 ! Weberian vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0002009
name: medial cartilage of palatine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal cartilage that caps the medial margin of the palatine at the autopalatine-lateral ethmoid joint." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: develops_from TAO:0001688 ! palatine cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0002011
name: lateral fontanel of frontal
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Fontanel within the frontal bone near the frontal-sphenotic joint. Lateral fontanel of frontal is paired." [TAO:wd]
comment: Original reference: de Pinna MCC, Vari RP. 1995. Monophyly and phylogenetic diagnosis of the family Cetopsidae, with synonymization of the Helogenidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 571: 1-26.
is_a: UBERON:0002221 ! fontanelle

[Term]
id: TAO:0002012
name: dentary foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen located on the dentary for passage of the mandibular nerve." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0002013
name: ascending limb of ceratobranchial 5 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the dorsally directed portion of ceratobranchial 5 bone." [TAO:wd]
comment: An ascending limb of the ceratobranchial is found in Cypriniformes.
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: develops_from TAO:0002014 ! ascending limb of ceratobranchial 5 cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001239 ! ceratobranchial 5 bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0002014
name: ascending limb of ceratobranchial 5 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the dorsally directed portion of ceratobranchial 5 cartilage." [TAO:wd]
comment: An ascending limb of the ceratobranchial is found in Cypriniformes.
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001521 ! ceratobranchial 5 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0002015
name: pharyngobranchial tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone of upper pharyngeal arches associated with pharyngobranchial bones or cartilages, usually bearing teeth." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pharyngobranchial toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002016
name: pharyngobranchial 4 tooth plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal tooth plate that lies ventral to pharyngobranchial 4." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pharyngobranchial 4 toothplate" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0002015 ! pharyngobranchial tooth plate

[Term]
id: TAO:0002017
name: anterior limb of ceratobranchial 5 bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the anterior and medially directed portion of ceratobranchial 5 bone part of ceratobranchial 5 bone." [TAO:wd]
comment: This term applies to cypriniform fishes.
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: develops_from TAO:0002018 ! anterior limb of ceratobranchial 5 cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001239 ! ceratobranchial 5 bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0002018
name: anterior limb of ceratobranchial 5 cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the anterior and medially directed portion of ceratobranchial 5 cartilage." [TAO:wd]
comment: This term applies to cypriniform fishes.
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001521 ! ceratobranchial 5 cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0002019
name: pterotic-posttemporal-supracleithrum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bone that is a fusion of the pterotic, posttemporal, and supracleithrum bones." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "pterotic-supracleithrum" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: TAO:0002020
name: hypomaxilla
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone bearing teeth located between the distal end of the premaxilla and the middle of the maxilla. The hypomaxilla is a paired bone." [TAO:ga_tg]
comment: Hypomaxilla is a bone restricted to some clupeiforms. See Berry (1964) for a detailed account of the distribution of the hypomaxilla within clupeiforms and specifically in Herengula.
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011085 ! dorsal pharyngeal arch 1

[Term]
id: TAO:0002021
name: ascending process of the parasphenoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is the lateral projection of the parasphenoid arising and articulating with the more dorsal portions of the neurocranium, usually at the level of the prootic." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "ascending ramus of the parasphenoid" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004745 ! parasphenoid

[Term]
id: TAO:0002022
name: dermethmoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone of the dorsal surface of the olfactory region. Dermethmoid can be paired or median." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region

[Term]
id: TAO:0002023
name: second preethmoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone found between the preethmoid and maxilla." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region

[Term]
id: TAO:0002026
name: pectoral fin proximal radial 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin proximal radial that is the most anterior or dorsal pectoral fin radial." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
synonym: "first pectoral basal radial" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001587 ! pectoral fin proximal radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0002027
name: pectoral fin proximal radial 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin proximal radial that is the second most anterior or dorsal pectoral fin radial." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
synonym: "second pectoral basal radial" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001587 ! pectoral fin proximal radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0002028
name: pectoral fin proximal radial 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin proximal radial that is the third most anterior or dorsal pectoral fin radial." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
synonym: "third pectoral basal radial" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001587 ! pectoral fin proximal radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0002029
name: pectoral fin proximal radial 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral fin proximal radial that is the fourth most anterior or dorsal pectoral fin radial." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
synonym: "fourth pectoral basal radial" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001587 ! pectoral fin proximal radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0002030
name: ventral keel of coracoid
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process on the ventral surface of the horizontal limb of the coracoid, close to and parallel to the coracoid-cleithrum joint. Ventral keel of coracoid is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004743 ! coracoid bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0002031
name: orbital foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen in the bone or cartilage comprising the anterior wall of the orbit, and through which passes at least the deep ophthalmic branch of cranial nerve V (trigeminal)." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0002032
name: lateral ethmoid-frontal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the lateral ethmoid and frontal. lateral ethmoid-frontal joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0002033
name: prootic-pterosphenoid joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the prootic and pterosphenoid. prootic-pterosphenoid joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0002034
name: prootic-exoccipital joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the prootic and exoccipital. Prootic-exoccipital joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0002038
name: basioccipital-exoccipital joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the basioccipital and exoccipital. Basioccipital-exoccipital joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0002039
name: dilatator fossa
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Fossa located on the neurocranium that is formed from portions of the sphenotic, frontal and pterotic bones." [TAO:wd]
comment: Dilatator fossa is present in some characiform fishes.
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa

[Term]
id: TAO:0002040
name: inter-coracoid joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint between the right and left coracoid bones of the pectoral girdle." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: TAO:0002041
name: parapophysis 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Parapophysis that is the lateral projection from the sixth centrum." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0003109 ! parapophysis
relationship: part_of TAO:0001980 ! vertebra 6

[Term]
id: TAO:0002042
name: parapophysis 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Parapophysis that is the lateral projection from the fifth centrum." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0003109 ! parapophysis
relationship: part_of TAO:0001732 ! vertebra 5

[Term]
id: TAO:0002043
name: posterior limb of parapophysis 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that arises and projects posterolaterally from parapophysis 4. Posterior limb of parapophysis 4 is bilaterally paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "posterior branch of parapophysis 4" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior wing of parapophysis 4" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001971 ! parapophysis 4

[Term]
id: TAO:0002044
name: anterior limb of parapophysis 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that arises and projects anterolaterally from parapophysis 4. Anterior limb of parapophysis 4 is bilaterally paired." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "anterior branch of parapophysis 4" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior wing of parapophysis 4" EXACT []
synonym: "Mullerian ramus" EXACT []
synonym: "Mźllerian ramus" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001971 ! parapophysis 4

[Term]
id: TAO:0002053
name: bony plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is located on or subjacent to the surface anywhere on the body and that is not part of the general complement of scales, dermal bone of the dermatocranium, postcranial axial skeleton or paired fin skeleton. Bony plate may exist singly, or as unpaired or paired clusters or series." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "armor" EXACT []
synonym: "armor plate" EXACT []
synonym: "osteoderms" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002054
name: vertebra 5-vertebra 6 joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint between the centra, and sometimes the neural arches or parapophyses." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0002055
name: vertebra 6 - vertebra 7 joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint between the centra, and sometimes the neural arches or parapophyses of vertebra 6 and vertebra 7." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0002056
name: hypural 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000364 ! hypural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002058
name: Weberian complex centrum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Centrum that is the fusion of centra 2-4." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0002059
name: posttemporal-parietal joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0002061
name: predorsal vertebra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is positioned between the vertebra immediately anterior to the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore to the anteriormost vertebra." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0002062
name: branched caudal fin ray
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Caudal fin lepidotrichium that is distally branched." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001550 ! caudal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002063
name: nuchal plate series
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of more than one type of nuchal plate in an individual." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002064
name: uroneural 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Uroneural that is the anteriormost element of the uroneural series." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0000602 ! uroneural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002065
name: ural centrum 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A vertebral centrum that is immediately posterior to preural vertebra 1. Ural centrum 1 is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
comment: Ural centrum 1 (polyural terminology) may articulate or fuse with its neural arch dorsally or the neural arch may be absent and with hypural 1 ventrally. Ural centrum 1 may be defined also as the first ural centrum bearing hypurals 1 and 2 (diural terminology).
is_a: TAO:0002085 ! ural centrum
relationship: part_of TAO:0002163 ! ural vertebra 1

[Term]
id: TAO:0002066
name: auditory fenestra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Opening in the neurocranium to allow communication between the swimbladder and the inner ear." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0002067
name: upper hypural set
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster including hypural 3 and more dorsal hypurals that supports the dorsal series of principal caudal lepidotrichia or rays. The upper hypural set articulates or fuses to ural centra 3, 4 or 5 (polyural terminology) or ural centrum 2 (diural terminology) depending on the teleost subgroup. The upper hypural set is composed of unpaired median bones." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
comment: The number of hypurals included in the upper hypural set differs among teleostean subgroups. In basal teleosts this may include hypurals 3 to 9 or 10, whereas in more advanced groups this many include hypurals 3 to 5 or even less.
synonym: "upper hypurals" EXACT []
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002068
name: lower hypural set
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster including hypurals 1 and 2 that supports part of the ventral principal caudal lepidotrichia or rays and that separates from the dorsal hypural set through the hypural diastema. The lower hypural set articulates or fuses to ural centra 1 and 2 (polyural terminology) or ural centrum 1 (diural terminology) depending on the teleost subgroup. The lower hypural set is composed of unpaired median bones." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
synonym: "lower hypurals" EXACT []
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002069
name: distal cartilage of posterior process of basipterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is cartilaginous and arises from the distal margin or tip of posterior process of basipterygium and projects posteriorly." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0001539 ! basipterygium cartilage
relationship: part_of TAO:0001734 ! posterior process of basipterygium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002070
name: internal anterior process of basipterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is bony and arises from anteromedial corner of basipterygium and projects anteriorly or anteromedially." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "internal anterior arm of basipterygium" EXACT []
synonym: "internal arm of the basipterygium" EXACT []
synonym: "mesial anterior arm of basipterygium" EXACT []
synonym: "mesial anterior process of basipterygium" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000623 ! basipterygium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002071
name: distal cartilage of internal anterior process of basipterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is cartilaginous and arises from the distal tip of internal anterior process of basipterygium." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000623 ! basipterygium
relationship: part_of TAO:0001539 ! basipterygium cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0002072
name: middle anterior process of basipterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is bony and arises from anterior margin of basipterygium between internal anterior process of basipterygium and external anterior process of basipterygium. Middle anterior process of basipterygium projects anteriorly or anteromedially." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "middle anterior arm of basipterygium" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000623 ! basipterygium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002073
name: distal cartilage of middle anterior process of basipterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is cartilaginous and arises from the distal tip of middle anterior process of basipterygium." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000623 ! basipterygium
relationship: part_of TAO:0001539 ! basipterygium cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0002074
name: external anterior process of basipterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is bony and arises from anterolateral corner of basipterygium and projects anteriorly or anteromedially." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "external anterior arm of basipterygium" EXACT []
synonym: "external arm of basipterygium" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral anterior process of basipterygium" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000623 ! basipterygium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002075
name: distal cartilage of external anterior process of basipterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is cartilaginous and arises from the distal tip of external anterior process of basipterygium." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000623 ! basipterygium
relationship: part_of TAO:0001539 ! basipterygium cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0002076
name: lateral process of basipterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is bony and arises from lateral margin of basipterygium lateral to pelvic fin lepidotrichium 1 and projects laterally or anterolaterally." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "posterolateral process of basipterygium" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0000623 ! basipterygium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002077
name: lateropterygium
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bone that is attached or adjacent to lateral margin of basipterygium and anterior to pelvic fin lepidotrichium 1. The lateropterygium is a paired bone." [TAO:wd]
comment: The lateropterygium is present only in a few teleostean subgroups, e.g., some siluriforms.
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010711 ! pelvic fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002078
name: hypural plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Perichondrally ossified bone that results from the fusion of two or more hypurals and support a variable number of principal caudal lepidotrichia. The hypural plate is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002080
name: spina occipitalis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Process that is a ventral projection from the supraoccipital that extends between the exoccipitals to the dorsal margin of the foramen magnum." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004747 ! supraoccipital

[Term]
id: TAO:0002082
name: basal fulcrum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Bone that precedes the base of a fin. Basal fulcra are large, laterally expanded, and may be paired or unpaired scale-like structures." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: Basal fulcra may precede the median fins or both of the paired and median fins. Basal fulcra may be lanceolate, leaf-like or arrow-like in shape. The series of basal fulcra may be formed by unpaired plus paired elements depending on the fish group. Most teleosts lack basal fulcra. For additional information on basal fulcra see Arratia (2008, 2009).
synonym: "basal fulcra" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002083
name: fringing fulcrum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "fringing fulcra" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002084
name: pleurostyle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Postero-dorsal process of preural vertebra 1 or postero-dorsal process of the compound terminal centrum. The pleurostyle is a paired membrane bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The pleurostyle is currently interpreted as a modified pair of uroneurals that fuse to preural vertebra 1 or compound centrum early in ontogeny. However, it is unclear which pair of the series of uroneurals forms the pleurostyle in different teleost subgroups.
synonym: "uroneural" RELATED []
synonym: "uroneural 1" RELATED []
is_a: TAO:0000602 ! uroneural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002085
name: ural centrum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A vertebral centrum that is posterior to preural vertebra 1 and consequently the most posterior vertebral centra. Ural centrum is a unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: A ural centrum may be formed by a chordacentrum alone, or chordacentrum plus autocentrum or autocentrum alone depending on the teleost subgroup. An ural centrum may articulate or fuse with its neural arch dorsally or the neural arch my be absent and with a hypural ventrally. The term ural centrum was proposed by Nybelin (1963). For the composition and formation of caudal vertebrae and centra see Arratia (1991), Arratia and Schultze (1992) and Arratia et al. (2001).
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002086
name: pelvic axillary process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster consisting of only a bony element or a combination of a bony element and one or more scales, or only modified scales, which lies in a fin fold at the base of the uppermost ray." [TAO:GA_TG]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010711 ! pelvic fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002087
name: pectoral axillary process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pectoral axillary process is an elongate structure formed by one or more additional postcleithra or modified scales or a combination of both, that is firmly attached to a skin fold above the articular condyle of the uppermost pectoral fin ray or lepidotrichium 1." [TAO:GA_TG, TAO:wd]
comment: For additional information see Arratia (1997).
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010710 ! pectoral fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002088
name: interhaemal bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A small bone articulating distally with the haemal arch or a short haemal spine." [TAO:wd]
comment: Definition from Arratia 1999.
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002089
name: gular plate
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone located on the ventral surface of the skull and positioned between the two rami of the lower jaw. Anteriorly the gular attaches to the symphysis of the lower jaw through fibrous connective tissue. The gular is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:ga_tg, TAO:wd]
comment: A gular plate is absent in most extant teleosts.
synonym: "median gular" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002090
name: pro-otic fossa
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "prootic fossa" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa

[Term]
id: TAO:0002091
name: median caudal cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Cartilage associated with hypurals." [TAO:wd]
comment: Definition from Johnson and Patterson 1993.
is_a: TAO:0001457 ! postcranial axial cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0002092
name: rostral cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Median chondrified cartilage bound to premaxillary ascending process by a rostro-premaxilla ligament." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0002094
name: dorsal fin pterygiophore 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dorsal fin pterygiophore that is the anteriormost pterygiophore of the dorsal fin." [TAO:wd]
is_a: TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0002095
name: third posttemporal fossa
namespace: teleost_anatomy
comment: Present in some characiforms.
is_a: TAO:0001753 ! posttemporal fossa

[Term]
id: TAO:0002100
name: rib series
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of more than one rib in an individual." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002101
name: branchiostegal ray series
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of the branchiostegal rays within an individual." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "branchiostegals" RELATED []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002102
name: epibranchial series
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of the epibranchial elements within an individual." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002103
name: ceratobranchial series
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of the ceratobranchial elements within an individual." [TAO:wd]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002109
name: uroneural 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000602 ! uroneural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002110
name: metapterygoid-quadrate fenestra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0002112
name: preural 3 vertebra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "preural centrum 3" EXACT []
synonym: "pu3" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000734 ! preural vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0002115
name: uroneural 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000602 ! uroneural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002120
name: orbitosphenoid septum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002478 ! orbitosphenoid

[Term]
id: TAO:0002123
name: neural arch 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0002127
name: myorhabdoid bone
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Intermuscular bone that is located in the dorsal and ventral forward flexures of the myoseptum." [TAO:wd]
comment: Definition reference:\nPatterson, C., Johnson, G.D. 1995. The intermuscular bones and ligaments of teleostean fishes. Smithosonian Contributions to Zoology 559:1-85.
synonym: "myorhabdoi" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: TAO:0000526 ! intermuscular bone

[Term]
id: TAO:0002129
name: caudal rod
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Multi-tissue structure that is a cartilaginous or collagenous bar supporting the caudal appendage." [TAO:wd]
comment: Definition reference: Albert, JS and WL Fink. 2007. PHYLOGENETIC\nRELATIONSHIPS OF FOSSIL NEOTROPICAL ELECTRIC FISHES\n(OSTEICHTHYES: GYMNOTIFORMES) FROM THE UPPER MIOCENE OF BOLIVIA . Journal\nof Vertebrate Paleontology 27(1):17-25
synonym: "hypural-opisthural rod" EXACT []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002130
name: caudal appendage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Multi-tissue structure that is region of the body posterior to the last anal-fin ray." [TAO:wd]
comment: Comments: This is a gymnotiform structure. The caudal appendage can include vertebrae, a cartilginous rod, pterygiophores, anal-fin rays, and intermuscular bones.\nDefinition reference: Albert, JS and WL Fink. 2007. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF FOSSIL NEOTROPICAL ELECTRIC FISHES (OSTEICHTHYES: GYMNOTIFORMES) FROM THE UPPER MIOCENE OF BOLIVIA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(1):17-25.
synonym: "caudal filament" EXACT []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002132
name: hypural 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000364 ! hypural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002141
name: annular ligament
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ligament that is in the eye and is located at the angle between the cornea and the iris." [ZFA:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: TAO:0002147
name: arrector muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: TAO:0002149
name: vertebra 9
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 8." [TAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0002150
name: vertebra 10
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 9." [TAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0002151
name: vertebra 11
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 10." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0002152
name: vertebra 12
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is posteriorly adjacent to vertebra 11. May have hemal arch and rib." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0002158
name: palatine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Compound endochdondral and dermal bone that results from the fusion of the dermal dermopalatine and the endochondral autopalatine and forms the antero-lateral region of the palate. Commonly, it articulates with the maxilla antero-laterally and with the ethmoidal region medially. The palatine is paired." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: Depending on the teleostean group, the palatine may articulate with the entopterygoid posteriorly. The term palatine is usually used for the more advanced teleosts with a large autopalatine and a small dermopalatine represented by a few teeth.
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from TAO:0000015 ! dermopalatine
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004748 ! autopalatine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011085 ! dorsal pharyngeal arch 1

[Term]
id: TAO:0002159
name: caudal basal fulcrum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Basal fulcrum that precedes a caudal fin lobe." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: Caudal basal fulcra precede the bases of both lobes of the caudal fin or only the dorsal one in basal teleosts. Most teleosts lack basal fulcra on the caudal fin. For additional information on basal fulcra see Arratia (2008, 2009).
synonym: "caudal basal fulcra" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: TAO:0002082 ! basal fulcrum
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002160
name: ural centrum 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A vertebral centrum that is located immediately posterior to ural centrum 2 (polyural terminology). Ural centrum 3 articulates with hypural 3 ventrally. Ural centrum 3 is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: Ural centrum 3 lacks a neural arch in teleosts.
is_a: TAO:0002085 ! ural centrum

[Term]
id: TAO:0002161
name: ural centrum 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A vertebral centrum that is located immediately posterior to ural centrum 3 (polyural terminology) and may fuse to ural centrum 3 early in ontogeny. Ural centrum 4 articulates with hypural 4 ventrally. Ural centrum 4 is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: Ural centrum 4 lacks a neural arch in teleosts.
is_a: TAO:0002085 ! ural centrum

[Term]
id: TAO:0002162
name: ural vertebra
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Vertebra that is incomplete or rudimentary and may bear a rudimentary neural arch and sometimes a rudimentary spine or the neural arch and spine are completely absent. Ural vertebrae are one of the last bony elements of the vertebral column, usually smaller than the preural centra. Ural vertebrae are numbered beginning from anterior (1) to posterior (2, 3, 4, etc.). Ural vertebra is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
is_a: UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002163
name: ural vertebra 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Ural vertebra that is located directly posterior to preural centrum 1. It may bear a rudimentary neural arch and sometimes a rudimentary spine or the neural arch and spine are completely absent and it may articulate or fuse with hypural 1 (polyural terminology). Ural vertebra 1 is an unpaired median bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: Ural vertebrae 1 may be defined also as the first ural vertebrae bearing hypurals 1 and 2 (diural terminology).
is_a: TAO:0002162 ! ural vertebra

[Term]
id: TAO:0002164
name: caudal principal ray set
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster including all segmented-and-branched rays plus one unbranched but segmented ray located at the leading margin in each lobe of the caudal fin (Hubbs and Lagler, 1947) and that associates with endoskeletal elements such as hypurals and hemal spines of preural centra 1 and 2 (Arratia, 2008). Caudal principal rays are counted from the dorsalmost one ventrally. Caudal principal rays are unpaired median bones." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: In basal teleosts the number of caudal principal rays is about 20. A decreasing of the number of the branched-and segmented rays is observed in more advanced teleosts (see Schultze and Arratia, 1989; Arratia, 1991, 2008). The presence of marginal principal caudal rays as long or longer than the branched-and-segmented principal rays is a synapomorphy of teleosts (Arratia, 2008, 2009).
synonym: "branched caudal rays" EXACT []
synonym: "caudal principal lepidotrichia" EXACT PLURAL []
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002165
name: caudal procurrent ray set
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "An anatomical cluster of short rays, shorter than the principal ones, which form the anterior dorsal and ventral series of lepidotrichia of the caudal fin that may be associated with neural spines, epurals and uroneurals (dorsal series) and haemal spines of preural vertebrae (ventral series) (Arratia, 2008). The anteriormost procurrent rays are commonly unsegmented, but the posteriormost ones are usually segmented. The procurrent rays are numbered from caudal to rostral direction. The caudal procurrent ray series is an unpaired median series." [TAO:Arratia_2008, TAO:GA_TG]
synonym: "caudal precurrent rays" EXACT []
synonym: "caudal spiny rays" EXACT []
synonym: "rudimentary rays" EXACT []
relationship: part_of TAO:0000862 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: TAO:0002166
name: pseudourostyle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "An elongate lateral process ventrally placed to the proximal region of the pleurostyle. The pseudourostyle is paired." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: The pseudourostyle occurs only in certain teleost subgroups. It may be well developed in certain characiforms.
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of TAO:0002084 ! pleurostyle

[Term]
id: TAO:0002167
name: stegural
namespace: teleost_anatomy
alt_id: TAO:0002081
def: "Modified neural arch, probably of ural centrum 4, formed by a bony base that may extend along the dorso-lateral surfaces of ural centra and preural centra 1 or 2 and by a well-developed antero-dorsal membranous projection that extends lateral to the base of epural(s) and anterior toward the neural arches and/or spines of preural centra 1 or 2 (Arratia and Schultze, 1992). The stegural is a paired bone." [TAO:GA_TG]
comment: It is unclear if the structure named stegural is homologous among teleost subgroups.
synonym: "uroneural" RELATED []
is_a: TAO:0000602 ! uroneural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002168
name: preural centrum 1 + ural centrum 1 + ural centrum 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Urostyle that is the result of fusion of preural centrum 1 with ural centra 1 and 2." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0003106 ! urostyle

[Term]
id: TAO:0002198
name: head muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Muscle which is part of the head." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "cephalic muscle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: TAO:0002200
name: hypobranchial muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Head muscle that originates on the anterior region of the cleithrum and inserts on the urohyal. The hypobranchial forms initially as left and right parts that later fuse together forming a cone shape." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-080306-33]
synonym: "sternohyoideus" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0002198 ! head muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0002214
name: os suspensorium medial flange
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of TAO:0001171 ! os suspensorium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002217
name: parasphenoid-pterosphenoid joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0002221
name: pericardial muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: TAO:0002249
name: ctenius
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "ctenii" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection

[Term]
id: TAO:0002250
name: epural 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000660 ! epural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002251
name: epural 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000660 ! epural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002252
name: epural 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000660 ! epural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002253
name: pyloric caecum
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "pyloric appendage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection

[Term]
id: TAO:0002257
name: premaxilla dentigerous process
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "premaxilla alveolar process" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla

[Term]
id: TAO:0002258
name: trituration tooth
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: TAO:0002259
name: condyle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Protuberance on a bone that participates in a joint with another bone." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection

[Term]
id: TAO:0002260
name: premaxillary-maxillary joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the premaxilla and maxilla. Premaxillary-maxillary joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0002261
name: dorsal fin spine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001418 ! dorsal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002262
name: anal fin spine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001421 ! anal fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002263
name: epineural 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000507 ! epineural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002264
name: epineural 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000507 ! epineural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002265
name: epineural 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000507 ! epineural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002266
name: epineural 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000507 ! epineural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002267
name: epineural 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000507 ! epineural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002268
name: epineural 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000507 ! epineural

[Term]
id: TAO:0002269
name: interarcual cartilage
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Pharyngeal arch cartilage located between uncinate process of epibranchial 1 and pharyngobranchial 2." [TAO:wd]
comment: An interarcual cartilage is present in percomorph fishes (Johnson and Patterson 1993).
synonym: "IAC" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0011004 ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: TAO:0002270
name: pelvic fin spine
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "pelvic spine" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0001552 ! pelvic fin lepidotrichium

[Term]
id: TAO:0002271
name: ventral caudal procurrent ray 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001830 ! ventral caudal procurrent ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0002272
name: ventral caudal procurrent ray 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001830 ! ventral caudal procurrent ray

[Term]
id: TAO:0002277
name: pectoral fin distal radial 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001588 ! pectoral fin distal radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0002279
name: pectoral fin distal radial 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001588 ! pectoral fin distal radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0002280
name: pectoral fin distal radial 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001588 ! pectoral fin distal radial

[Term]
id: TAO:0002281
name: retractor posttemporalis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001953 ! cranial muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0002282
name: preopercle-opercle joint
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the preopercle and opercle. Preopercle-opercle joint is paired." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: TAO:0002287
name: surangular
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone of the suspensorium." [TAO:wd]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
created_by: wasiladahdul
creation_date: 2011-04-27T10:13:02Z

[Term]
id: TAO:0005074
name: central cardiac conduction system
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Cardiac conduction system, characterized by slow impulse propagation and prolonged refractory periods." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0002350 ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: TAO:0005075
name: peripheral cardiac conduction system
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Portion of the cardiac conduction system, with rapid impulse propagation." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0002350 ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: TAO:0005267
name: erector muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Muscle that moves parts of the body in a superior direction to an erect position. Antagonistic to depressor muscle." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: TAO:0005270
name: depressor muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A muscle that moves body parts into an inferior direction or lowered position. Antagonistic to erector muscle." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: TAO:0005273
name: intestinal mucosal muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "A thin layer of smooth muscle immediately beneath the base of the villi which permits the intestinal mucosa to dynamically move and fold." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-090217-11]
synonym: "intestinal lamina muscularis mucosae" RELATED [http:www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/basics/gi_microanatomy.html]
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: TAO:0005276
name: inclinator muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: TAO:0005279
name: enteric circular muscle
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Smooth muscle of the enteric muscle system in which the cells are aligned perpendicular to the lumen of the gut." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: part_of TAO:0001324 ! enteric musculature

[Term]
id: TAO:0005365
name: dorsal fin pterygiophore 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0005366
name: dorsal fin pterygiophore 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0005367
name: dorsal fin pterygiophore 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0005368
name: dorsal fin pterygiophore 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0005369
name: dorsal fin pterygiophore 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0005370
name: dorsal fin pterygiophore 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0005371
name: dorsal fin pterygiophore 8
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0001419 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore

[Term]
id: TAO:0005372
name: dorsal fin distal radial 1
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000936 ! dorsal fin distal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0002094 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 1

[Term]
id: TAO:0005373
name: dorsal fin distal radial 2
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000936 ! dorsal fin distal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005365 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 2

[Term]
id: TAO:0005374
name: dorsal fin distal radial 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000936 ! dorsal fin distal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005366 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 3

[Term]
id: TAO:0005375
name: dorsal fin distal radial 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000936 ! dorsal fin distal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005367 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 4

[Term]
id: TAO:0005376
name: dorsal fin distal radial 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000936 ! dorsal fin distal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005368 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 5

[Term]
id: TAO:0005377
name: dorsal fin distal radial 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000936 ! dorsal fin distal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005369 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 6

[Term]
id: TAO:0005378
name: dorsal fin distal radial 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000936 ! dorsal fin distal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005370 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 7

[Term]
id: TAO:0005379
name: dorsal fin distal radial 8
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000936 ! dorsal fin distal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005371 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 8

[Term]
id: TAO:0005380
name: dorsal fin proximal radial 3
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000947 ! dorsal fin proximal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005366 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 3

[Term]
id: TAO:0005381
name: dorsal fin proximal radial 4
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000947 ! dorsal fin proximal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005367 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 4

[Term]
id: TAO:0005382
name: dorsal fin proximal radial 5
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000947 ! dorsal fin proximal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005368 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 5

[Term]
id: TAO:0005383
name: dorsal fin proximal radial 6
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000947 ! dorsal fin proximal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005369 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 6

[Term]
id: TAO:0005384
name: dorsal fin proximal radial 7
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000947 ! dorsal fin proximal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005370 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 7

[Term]
id: TAO:0005385
name: dorsal fin proximal radial 8
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000947 ! dorsal fin proximal radial
relationship: part_of TAO:0005371 ! dorsal fin pterygiophore 8

[Term]
id: TAO:0005415
name: inner ear foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Foramen in the inner ear." [ZFIN:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: TAO:0005416
name: sacculoagenar foramen
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0005415 ! inner ear foramen

[Term]
id: TAO:0007005
name: hemal prezygapophysis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
alt_id: TAO:0001380
def: "Hemal prezygapophyses are paired, anteromedially directed processes arising from the bases of hemal arches, ligamentously joined to the hemal postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra. Posterior caudal vertebrae close to the caudal fin lack hemal prezygopophyses." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "haemal prezygapophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "hemal prezygopophysis" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006065 ! hemal arch

[Term]
id: TAO:0007008
name: ventral intermandibularis anterior
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "ventral intermandibulari anterior" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010931 ! intermandibularis

[Term]
id: TAO:0007048
name: ventral intermandibularis posterior
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "ventral intermandibulari posterior" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010931 ! intermandibularis

[Term]
id: TAO:0007049
name: adductor mandibulae
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "dorsal adductor mandibulae" EXACT []
is_a: TAO:0000236 ! mandibular muscle
relationship: part_of TAO:0000236 ! mandibular muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0007050
name: constrictor dorsalis
namespace: teleost_anatomy
is_a: TAO:0000236 ! mandibular muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0007051
name: ventral interhyoideus
namespace: teleost_anatomy
synonym: "ventral interhyoidei" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0007052
name: hyohyoideus
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Is a hyoid muscle that inserts at the most anterior basibranchial and also at the posterior ends of the ceratohyals and functions in jaw closure." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-020703-2]
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0007053
name: dorsal adductor hyomandibulae
namespace: teleost_anatomy
def: "Is a hyoid muscle that attaches to the dorsomedial faces of the hyosymplectics." [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-020703-2]
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: TAO:0009029
name: odontoblast
namespace: teleost_anatomy
xref: CL:0000060
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001754 ! dental pulp

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000032
name: cranial structure
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "skeletal element that is part of a cranium." [UBERON:automatic]
subset: uberon_slim
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
intersection_of: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000041
name: dermal denticle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Multi-tissue structure composed of enameloid, dentine surrounding a pulp cavity, and bone of attachment anchoring the element into the dermis[VSAO]. small outgrowths which cover the skin of many cartilaginous fish including sharks. They are similar in structure to teeth, and teeth may have evolved from denticle-like structures in primitive fish.[citation needed] The placoid scales in sharks are formed of dentine with dermal papillae located in the core. These scales develop from the dermal layer of the skin, which is in contrast to the epidermal development seen the in the elasmoid scales of tetrapods. The shape of denticle varies from species to species and can be used in identification. Studies have found that the denticles create tiny vortices that reduce drag to make swimming more efficient. Denticles also allow sharks to swim silently compared to other fish that generate considerable noise when they ply the water[WP]." [VSAO:0000079, Wikipedia:Dermal_denticle]
comment: TODO check dentin def // Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "placoid scale" EXACT []
xref: VSAO:0000079
is_a: UBERON:0004756 ! dermal skeletal element
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001751 ! dentine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000043
name: tendon
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or integument and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments except that ligaments join one bone to another. Tendons and muscles work together and can only exert a pulling force." [BTO:0000421, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendon, OMD:connective+tissue, OMD:tendon, Wikipedia:Tendon]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sinew" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tendon]
synonym: "tendo" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tendon]
xref: AEO:0000091
xref: BTO:0001356
xref: EFO:0000952
xref: EHDAA2:0003091
xref: EMAPA:25053
xref: EV:0100149
xref: FMA:9721
xref: GAID:276
xref: galen:Tendon
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Achilles-tendon.jpg/200px-Achilles-tendon.jpg
xref: MA:0000115
xref: MESH:A.02.880
xref: ncithesaurus:Tendon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjefJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:256667004
xref: VHOG:0001286
xref: VSAO:0000073
xref: XAO:0000173
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 {source="OG"} ! musculoskeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000061
name: anatomical structure
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:CARO_0000003-CARO_0000024-FBbt_00000001-FBbt_00007001-FMA_67135-FMA_67498-WBbt_0003760-WBbt_0007833-XAO_0003000-XAO_0003041-ZFA_0000037-ZFA_0000496-ZFA_0001094
def: "Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome." [CARO:0000003]
subset: upper_level
synonym: "biological structure" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010825
xref: AEO:0000003
xref: BILA:0000003
xref: CARO:0000003
xref: EHDAA2:0003003
xref: FBbt:00007001
xref: FMA:67135
xref: GAID:781
xref: HAO:0000003
xref: MA:0003000
xref: MESH:A.13
xref: SCTID:362889002
xref: TAO:0000037
xref: TGMA:0001823
xref: XAO:0003000
xref: ZFA:0000037
is_a: UBERON:0000465 ! material anatomical entity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000075
name: subdivision of skeletal system
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0010322
def: "Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "skeletal system part" RELATED []
synonym: "skeletal system subdivision" EXACT [FMA:85544]
xref: FMA:85544
xref: galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure
xref: ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System_Part
xref: SCTID:118966000
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000144
name: trochlea of humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The medial portion of the articular surface of the humerus is named the trochlea, and presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. It is directly inferior to the most prominent anterior humeral fossia, the Coronoid fossia. It articulates with the ulna." [Wikipedia:Trochlea_of_humerus]
synonym: "humeral trochlea" EXACT [FMA:23370]
xref: FMA:23370
xref: SCTID:282817004
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004404 ! distal epiphysis of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000199
name: neck of radius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the narrow part of the shaft of the radius just below the head." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=58913]
synonym: "radial neck" EXACT [FMA:23479]
xref: FMA:23479
xref: galen:NeckOfRadius
xref: SCTID:181942005
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004413 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of radius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000209
name: tetrapod frontal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9613-MA_0001469-ZFA_0000486
def: "In humans: A bone resembling a cockleshell in two portions the squama frontalis, corresponding with the region of the forehead, and an orbital or horizontal portion, the pars orbitalis, which enters into the formation of the roofs of the orbital and nasal cavities." [Wikipedia:Frontal_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: fused in humans, paired in other animals Development notes: In the mouse the parietal originates from cephalic paraxial mesoderm (Jiang 2000; Morriss-Kay 2001), whereas in the chicken it is traced back to either mesodermal (Noden 1978) or neural crest (Couly 1992, 1993).
synonym: "frontal" NARROW [AAO:0000206]
synonym: "frontal bone" NARROW SENSU [FMA:52734, MA:0001466]
synonym: "os frontal" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Frontal_bone]
synonym: "os frontale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Frontal_bone]
xref: AAO:0000206
xref: EMAPA:19016
xref: FMA:52734
xref: GAID:226
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray136.png/200px-Gray136.png
xref: MA:0001466
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.375
xref: ncithesaurus:Frontal_Bone
xref: SCTID:181793006
xref: VHOG:0001324
xref: VSAO:0000208
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001697 ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000210
name: tetrapod parietal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52734-MA_0001466-ZFA_0000514
def: "In humans: bone forming side and roof of cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles." [Wikipedia:Parietal_bone, ZFA:0000514]
comment: Taxon notes: The frontal bone in teleost fish is the homolog of the parietal bone in tetrapods[various]. In many non-mammalian tetrapods, they are bordered to the rear by a pair of postparietal bones that may be solely in the roof of the skull, or slope downwards to contribute to the back of the skull, depending on the species. In the living tuatara, and many fossil species, a small opening, the parietal foramen, lies between the two parietal bones. This opening is the location of a third eye in the midline of the skull, which is much smaller than the two main eyes[WP]
synonym: "frontal bone" NARROW [TAO:0000514]
synonym: "os parietale" RELATED [Wikipedia:Parietal_bone]
synonym: "os parietale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Parietal_bone]
synonym: "parietal" NARROW SENSU [AAO:0000390]
synonym: "parietal bone" NARROW SENSU [FMA:9613]
synonym: "teleost frontal bone" NARROW [TAO:0000514]
xref: AAO:0000390
xref: EMAPA:18715
xref: FMA:9613
xref: GAID:229
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Gray132.png/200px-Gray132.png
xref: MA:0001469
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.651
xref: ncithesaurus:Parietal_Bone
xref: SCTID:181794000
xref: VHOG:0001324
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000218
name: vertebral arch of axis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "vertebral foramen of second cervical vertebra" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24053
is_a: UBERON:0008434 ! cervical vertebral arch
intersection_of: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001093 ! second cervical vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001093 ! second cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000219
name: vertebral foramen of atlas
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy)#Vertebral_foramen]
synonym: "vertebral foramen of first cervical vertebra" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24293
xref: SCTID:281228008
is_a: UBERON:0008429 ! cervical vertebral foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000220
name: atlanto-occipital joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantošccipital membrane; Anterior atlantošccipital membrane; Lateral atlantošccipital" [Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint]
synonym: "articulatio atlanto-occipitalis" EXACT [FMA:24939]
synonym: "articulatio atlantooccipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Atlanto-occipital_joint]
synonym: "craniovertebral joint" EXACT [FMA:24939]
xref: FMA:24939
xref: ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint
xref: ncithesaurus:Atlanto-occipital_Joint-Atlanto
xref: SCTID:361831006
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra
relationship: connects UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000303
name: adductor longus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0000029-FMA_22441
def: "An adductor muscle that attaches to the hip and femur. In humans, it is a part of the adductor group of the thigh, that as the name suggests adducts the thigh. The adductor longus muscle forms the medial wall of the femoral triangle[WP, generalized]." [Wikipedia:Adductor_longus_muscle]
comment: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the iliac portion of the ventral iliac rim and inserts on the lateral surface of the M. adductor magnus." [AAO:0010034]
synonym: "adductor longus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "long adductor muscle" RELATED [BTO:0000029]
synonym: "Musculus adductor longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Adductor_longus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus adductor longus" RELATED [BTO:0000029]
xref: AAO:0010034
xref: BTO:0000029
xref: FMA:22441
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: SCTID:181686003
is_a: UBERON:0004252 ! hindlimb stylopod muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia", notes="linea aspera"} ! femur
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {notes="pubic body just below the pubic crest", source="dbpedia"} ! pubis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000304
name: tendon sheath
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0000051-FMA_76715
def: "A layer of membrane around a tendon. It has 2 layers: synovial sheath + fibrous tendon sheath" [Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath]
comment: TODO: add layer relations
synonym: "vagina tendinis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tendon_sheath]
xref: BTO:0000051
xref: FMA:76715
xref: ncithesaurus:Tendon_Sheath
xref: SCTID:361885006
is_a: UBERON:0002018 ! synovial membrane
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0000043 ! tendon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000311
name: extensor muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0000151-FMA_74561
def: "A muscle that, upon contraction, tends to straighten a joint or limb. The antagonist of a flexor muscle[BTO]. Any of the muscles that increase the angle between members of a limb, as by straightening the elbow or knee or bending the wrist or spine backward. The movement is usually directed backward, with the notable exception of the knee joint. In humans, certain muscles of the hand and foot are named for this function. In the hand these include the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi ulnaris, which run from the humerus (bone of the upper arm) along the back of the forearm to the metacarpal bones at the back of the hand[Britannica]" [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/198909/extensor-muscle]
synonym: "extensor" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000151
xref: FMA:75000
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000312
name: inner cambium layer of periosteum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0000170-FMA_234358
synonym: "cambial layer" EXACT [FMA:234358]
synonym: "cambial layer of periosteum" EXACT [FMA:234358]
synonym: "cambium" EXACT []
synonym: "cambium layer of periosteum" EXACT [FMA:234358]
synonym: "inner cambial layer of periosteum" EXACT [FMA:234358]
synonym: "osteogenic layer of periosteum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Periosteum]
xref: FMA:234358
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002515 {source="FMA"} ! periosteum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000313
name: tibial cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0000207-FMA_33923
def: "Cartilage pertaining to the tibia." [Dorlands_Medical_Dictionary:MerckSource]
comment: TODO
synonym: "cartilage of tibia" EXACT [FMA:33923]
xref: BTO:0000207
xref: FMA:33923
is_a: UBERON:0007391 ! pelvic appendage cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000332
name: yellow bone marrow
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0000635-FMA_74596
synonym: "fat marrow" RELATED [BTO:0000635]
synonym: "medulla ossium flava" RELATED [BTO:0000635]
synonym: "yellow marrow" RELATED [BTO:0000635]
xref: BTO:0000635
xref: FMA:74596
xref: SCTID:5023006
is_a: UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000351
name: nuchal ligament
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0000952-FMA_13427
def: "a fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the upper vertebrľ. As it is required for running, not all animals have a nuchal ligament" [Wikipedia:Nuchal_ligament]
synonym: "ligament of neck" EXACT [FMA:13427]
synonym: "ligamentum nuchae" EXACT [FMA:13427]
synonym: "paxwax" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000952
xref: EMAPA:19207
xref: FMA:13427
xref: SCTID:166962007
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000361
name: red bone marrow
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001160-FMA_74595
synonym: "medulla ossium rubra" RELATED [BTO:0001160]
synonym: "red marrow" RELATED [BTO:0001160]
xref: BTO:0001160
xref: FMA:74595
xref: SCTID:75330005
is_a: UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000366
name: flexor muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001257-FMA_74559
def: "A muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body." [BTO:0001257]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "flexor" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001257
xref: FMA:74559
xref: FMA:74999
xref: TAO:0005271
xref: ZFA:0005271
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000368
name: adductor brevis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001288-FMA_22442
def: "The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately behind the pectineus and adductor longus. It is somewhat triangular in form, and arises by a narrow origin from the outer surfaces of the superior and inferior rami of the pubis, between the gracilis and obturator externus. Its fibers, passing backward, lateralward, and downward, are inserted, by an aponeurosis, into the line leading from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera and into the upper part of the linea aspera, immediately behind the pectineus and upper part of the adductor longus.[WP]." [Wikipedia:Adductor_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "adductor brevis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "Musculus adductos brevis" EXACT [FMA:22442]
xref: BTO:0001288
xref: FMA:22442
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv13lfJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181687007
is_a: UBERON:0004252 ! hindlimb stylopod muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002504 {notes="the lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the femur", source="dbpedia"} ! lesser trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {notes="anterior surface of the inferior ramus and body of the pubis", source="dbpedia"} ! pubis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000370
name: adductor magnus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001312-FMA_22443
def: "An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, the adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh. The portion which arises from the ischiopubic ramus (a small part of the inferior ramus of the pubis, and the inferior ramus of the ischium) is called the 'adductor magnesius portion', and the portion arising from the tuberosity of the ischium is called the 'hamstring portion'. The hamstring portion is not considered part of the hamstring group of muscles, but it is adjacent to it.[WP,generalized]." [Wikipedia:Adductor_magnus_muscle]
comment: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Origin by two heads that are separated by a ventral tendon of the M. semitendinosus. One head originates from the ventral border of the pubic portion of the pelvic rim. The other head originates from the ischiatic border of the pelvic rim. The ventral head fuses with accessory head from the M. semitendinosus and inserts along the ventro-medial border of the femur. The dorsal belly merges with the ventral and accessory heads and inserts along the medial surface of the femur." [AAO:0010040]
synonym: "adductor magnus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus adductor magnus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Adductor_magnus_muscle]
xref: AAO:0010040
xref: BTO:0001312
xref: FMA:22443
xref: galen:AdductorMagnus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvuSd6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181688002
is_a: UBERON:0004252 ! hindlimb stylopod muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia"} ! femur
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {source="dbpedia", notes="tuberosity of the ischium"} ! pubis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000372
name: extensor digitorum brevis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001337-FMA_51140
def: "a muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 2 through 4." [Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "extensor digitorum brevis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus extensor digitorum brevis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_brevis_muscle]
xref: BTO:0001337
xref: FMA:51140
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1241.png/200px-Gray1241.png
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray441.png/200px-Gray441.png
is_a: UBERON:0000311 {source="BTO"} ! extensor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001498 ! muscle of foot
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003221 {source="dbpedia", notes="proximal dorsal region of middle phalanges 2 3 and 4"} ! phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001450 {source="dbpedia", notes="dorsal surface of calcaneus"} ! calcaneus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000378
name: tongue muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001386-FMA_46689
def: "the muscular portion of the tongue." [MP:0004136, Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue]
synonym: "muscle of tongue" EXACT [FMA:46689]
synonym: "musculi linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Muscles_of_tongue]
xref: BTO:0001386
xref: FMA:46689
xref: ncithesaurus:Tongue_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244781004
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000381
name: detrusor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001453-FMA_68018
def: "The outer largely longitudinally arranged musculature of the bladder wall[BTO]. The fibers of the detrusor muscle arise from the posterior surface of the body of the pubis in both sexes (musculi pubovesicales), and in the male from the adjacent part of the prostate and its capsule. These fibers pass, in a more or less longitudinal manner, up the inferior surface of the bladder, over its apex, and then descend along its fundus to become attached to the prostate in the male, and to the front of the vagina in the female. At the sides of the bladder the fibers are arranged obliquely and intersect one another[WP]." [BTO:0001453, Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle]
synonym: "detrusor muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001453]
synonym: "detrusor muscle of bladder" EXACT [EMAPA:28637]
synonym: "detrusor urinae muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle]
synonym: "muscularis propria of the urinary bladder" EXACT [Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle]
synonym: "musculus detrusor vesicae urinariae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Detrusor_urinae_muscle]
synonym: "urinary bladder detrussor smooth muscle" RELATED [MA:0001698]
xref: BTO:0001453
xref: EMAPA:28637
xref: FMA:68018
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_bladder.jpg/200px-Illu_bladder.jpg
xref: MA:0001698
is_a: UBERON:0004228 ! urinary bladder smooth muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {source="dbpedia", notes="posterior surface of the body of the pubis"} ! pubis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000383
name: musculature of body
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001485-FMA_72954
def: "Anatomical system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]." [VSAO:0000033]
comment: AO notes: we place the MA term musculature here, rather than under uberon:musculature, as this seems more appropriate given the structure of MA
synonym: "muscle system" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle system of body" EXACT []
synonym: "muscular system" EXACT [FMA:72954]
synonym: "musculature system" EXACT [BILA:0000088]
synonym: "muskelsystem" RELATED [BTO:0001485]
synonym: "set of all muscles" EXACT [FMA:72954]
synonym: "Set of muscles of body" EXACT [FMA:72954]
synonym: "vertebrate muscular system" EXACT [BTO:0001369]
xref: AAO:0000307
xref: BILA:0000088
xref: BTO:0001369
xref: BTO:0001485
xref: EFO:0000801
xref: FBbt:00005069
xref: FMA:72954
xref: MA:0002888
xref: MAT:0000025
xref: MIAA:0000025
xref: VSAO:0000033
xref: XAO:0004042
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:6040
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000392
name: longissimus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001648-FMA_77178
def: "The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longissimus]
synonym: "musculus longissimus" EXACT [BTO:0001648]
synonym: "musculus longissimus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Longissimus]
xref: BTO:0001648
xref: FMA:77178
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia"} ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia"} ! transverse process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000398
name: sternal cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001721-FMA_32567
synonym: "cartilage of sternum" EXACT [FMA:32567]
synonym: "cartilago costalis" RELATED [BTO:0001721]
xref: BTO:0001721
xref: FMA:32567
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000401
name: mandibular ramus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001751-FMA_52828
def: "The ramus of the mandible (perpendicular portion) is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes[WP]." [Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible]
synonym: "lower ramus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible]
synonym: "mandible ramus" EXACT [MA:0002815]
synonym: "rami mandibulae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible]
synonym: "ramus mandibulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible]
synonym: "ramus mandibulae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Ramus_of_the_mandible]
synonym: "ramus of mandible" EXACT [FMA:52828]
xref: BTO:0001751
xref: EMAPA:25100
xref: FMA:52828
xref: MA:0002815
xref: SCTID:361739000
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000465
name: material anatomical entity
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:CARO_0000006-FBbt_00007016-FMA_67165-ZFA_0001487
def: "Anatomical entity that has mass." [CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: AAO:0010264
xref: AEO:0000006
xref: BILA:0000006
xref: CARO:0000006
xref: EHDAA2:0003006
xref: FBbt:00007016
xref: FMA:67165
xref: HAO:0000006
xref: TAO:0001836
xref: TGMA:0001826
is_a: UBERON:0001062 ! anatomical entity

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000467
name: anatomical system
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:CARO_0000011-XAO_0003002-ZFA_0001439
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00004856-FBbt_00004969-FMA_7149-FMA_72979-MA_0000003-MA_0000014-MIAA_0000033-WBbt_0005730-XAO_0000176
def: "Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity[CARO]. A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task [Wikipedia]." [CARO:0000011, CARO:MAH, Wikipedia:Organ_system]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: upper_level
synonym: "body system" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_14]
synonym: "organ system" EXACT []
synonym: "system" BROAD [GO:0048731]
xref: AAO:0000007
xref: AEO:0000011
xref: BILA:0000011
xref: CARO:0000011
xref: EHDAA2:0001330
xref: EHDAA2:0003011
xref: EHDAA:392
xref: EMAPA:16103
xref: EV:0100000
xref: FBbt:00004856
xref: FMA:7149
xref: galen:AnatomicalSystem
xref: HAO:0000011
xref: MA:0000003
xref: ncithesaurus:Organ_System
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_14
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ
xref: SCTID:278195005
xref: TAO:0001439
xref: TGMA:0001831
xref: WBbt:0005746
xref: XAO:0003002
xref: ZFA:0001439
is_a: UBERON:0000480 ! anatomical group

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000480
name: anatomical group
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:CARO_0000054-XAO_0003001-ZFA_0001512
def: "Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue." [CARO:0000054, CARO:MAH]
subset: upper_level
xref: AAO:0010008
xref: AEO:0000054
xref: BILA:0000054
xref: CARO:0000054
xref: EHDAA2:0003054
xref: HAO:0000054
xref: TAO:0001512
xref: TGMA:0001846
xref: XAO:0003001
xref: ZFA:0001512
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000569
name: ileocecal valve
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum." [Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve]
synonym: "Tulp's valve" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve]
synonym: "valva ileocaecalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ileocecal_valve]
synonym: "valva ileocaecalis (valva ilealis)" EXACT [FMA:15973]
xref: FMA:15973
xref: galen:IleocecalValve
xref: ncithesaurus:Ileocecal_Valve
xref: SCTID:362153007
is_a: UBERON:0004590 {source="Wikipedia"} ! sphincter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000711
name: splenius capitis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The splenius capitis is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchľ, from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebrľ. The fibers of the muscle are directed upward and lateralward and are inserted, under cover of the Sternocleidomastoideus, into the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and into the rough surface on the occipital bone just below the lateral third of the superior nuchal line. The Splenius Capitis muscle is innervated by the dorsal rami of spinal nerves C3-C4. The splenius muscle is a prime mover for head extension. The splenius capitis can also allow lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine." [Wikipedia:Splenius_capitis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus splenius capitis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Splenius_capitis_muscle]
synonym: "splenius capitis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Splenius_capitis_muscle]
xref: FMA:22653
xref: SCTID:244850004
is_a: UBERON:0002252 {source="FMA"} ! splenius
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000351 {source="dbpedia", notes="Ligamentum nuchae spinous process of C7-T6"} ! nuchal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000933
name: pharyngeal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00000487-FMA_46619-MA_0001797
def: "A muscle that forms part of the pharynx." [GO:0043282, Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles]
comment: todo - add asserted children and check logical definition against these; e.g. is stylopharyngeus part of the pharynx?
synonym: "muscle of pharynx" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "musculi pharyngis; tunica muscularis pharyngis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pharyngeal_muscles]
synonym: "musculus pharyngis" RELATED [BTO:0001048]
synonym: "pharynx muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "pharynx muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001048
xref: FMA:46619
xref: GAID:154
xref: MA:0001797
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.800
xref: ncithesaurus:Pharyngeal_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244798004
xref: TAO:0000172
xref: ZFA:0000172
is_a: UBERON:0003831 ! respiratory system muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004467 ! musculature of pharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000950
name: gracilis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00003277-FMA_43882-MA_0002311
def: "The most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. It is thin and flattened, broad above, narrow and tapering below. It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the anterior margins of the lower half of the symphysis pubis and the upper half of the pubic arch." [Wikipedia:Gracilis_muscle]
comment: Editor's note: AAO has minor and major gracilis, which merge together, attaching the pelvic rim to the tibiofibula - this could be grouped with the mammalian gracilis at some level; note the current insertion site is 'tibia' which would be modified for amphibian tibiafibula
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gracilis muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000536]
synonym: "musculus gracilis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gracilis_muscle]
xref: BTO:0000536
xref: FMA:43882
xref: galen:Gracilis
xref: MA:0002311
xref: ncithesaurus:Gracilis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv7If8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181689005
is_a: UBERON:0004252 ! hindlimb stylopod muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000979 {source="dbpedia", notes="pes anserinus"} ! tibia
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001272 {notes="ischiopubic ramus", source="dbpedia"} ! pelvic bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000951
name: rotator muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00003314-FMA_23081
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
xref: FMA:23081
xref: SCTID:244872002
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000975
name: sternum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00004557-FMA_7485-MA_0001331
def: "The sternum or breastbone, in vertebrate anatomy, is a flat bone. It probably first evolved in early tetrapods as an extension of the pectoral girdle; it is not found in fish. In amphibians and reptiles it is typically a shield-shaped structure, often composed entirely of cartilage. It is absent in both turtles and snakes. In birds it is a relatively large bone and typically bears an enormous projecting keel to which the flight muscles are attached. Only in mammals does the sternum take on the elongated, segmented form seen in humans. In some mammals, such as opossums, the individual segments never fuse and remain separated by cartilagenous plates throughout life." [ISBN:3110148986, Wikipedia:Sternum]
comment: Editor note: in EMAPA this is part of the skeleton of pectoral girdle. Here we have a strict spatial disjointness condition between the thorax and appendages so we do not include this
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "breastbone" RELATED [BTO:0001302]
synonym: "vertebrate sternum" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000765
xref: BTO:0001302
xref: EHDAA2:0001914
xref: EHDAA:9561
xref: EMAPA:18344
xref: FMA:7485
xref: GAID:246
xref: galen:Sternum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg/200px-Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg
xref: MA:0001331
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.904.766
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjO6JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:302522007
xref: VHOG:0000856
is_a: UBERON:0003827 ! thoracic segment bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000976
name: humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00004562-FMA_13303-MA_0001356
def: "Paired long bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle to the elbows[AAO, modified]." [AAO:0000679, Wikipedia:Humerus]
comment: homologous to proximal metapterygial mesomere [Hall 2007]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: AAO:0000679
xref: EFO:0001398
xref: EMAPA:18468
xref: EMAPA:19106
xref: FMA:13303
xref: GAID:183
xref: galen:Humerus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Illu_upper_extremity.jpg/200px-Illu_upper_extremity.jpg
xref: MA:0001356
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087.412
xref: ncithesaurus:Humerus
xref: SCTID:181923006
xref: VHOG:0001158
xref: XAO:0003210
is_a: UBERON:0003607 ! forelimb long bone
is_a: UBERON:0004250 ! upper arm bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006245 {evidence="definitional"} ! humerus cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb skeleton
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000979
name: tibia
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00004642-FMA_24476-MA_0001361
def: "Larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates and connects the knee with the ankle bones." [Wikipedia:Tibia]
comment: Does not include the tibia segment of the arthropod leg FBbt:00004642
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "shankbone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Tibia]
synonym: "shinbone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Tibia]
xref: AAO:0000890
xref: BTO:0001252
xref: EFO:0003054
xref: EMAPA:18513
xref: EMAPA:19142
xref: FMA:24476
xref: GAID:204
xref: galen:Tibia
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Gray260.png/200px-Gray260.png
xref: MA:0001361
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.500.883
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibia
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvtq3-ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182061009
is_a: UBERON:0003608 ! hindlimb long bone
is_a: UBERON:0004251 ! lower leg bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010849 ! tibia cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000980
name: trochanter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00004643-FMA_82513
def: "bony prominences near the upper extremity of the femur; there are two in human (greater and lesser trochanters) and three in many other mammalian species (greater, lesser and third); these normally serve as attachment points for hip and thigh muscles[MP]" [Wikipedia:Trochanter]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "femoral trochanter" EXACT [AAO:0000897]
synonym: "trochanter of femur" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000897
xref: FMA:82513
xref: MA:0002821
xref: ncithesaurus:Trochanter
xref: SCTID:182047004
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 {source="MA"} ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000981
name: femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00004644-FMA_9611-MA_0001359
def: "The femur, or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the body) bone of the leg in vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles such as lizards, and amphibians such as frogs. In vertebrates with four legs, the femur is found only in the rear legs. Some species of whales[1], snakes[2], and other non-walking vertebrates have vestigial femurs. One of the earliest known vertebrates to have a femur is the Eusthenopteron, a prehistoric lobe-finned fish from the Late Devonian period." [Wikipedia:Femur]
comment: homologous to proximal metapterygial mesomere [Hall 2007].
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "femoral bone" RELATED [BTO:0001284]
synonym: "os femorale" RELATED [BTO:0001284]
synonym: "os femoris" RELATED [BTO:0001284]
synonym: "os femoris, os longissimum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Femur]
synonym: "thigh bone" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000889
xref: BTO:0001284
xref: EFO:0001396
xref: EMAPA:18514
xref: EMAPA:19143
xref: FMA:9611
xref: GAID:199
xref: galen:Femur
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Gray252.png/200px-Gray252.png
xref: MA:0001359
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.500.247
xref: ncithesaurus:Femur
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182046008
xref: VHOG:0001159
xref: VSAO:0000186
xref: XAO:0003214
is_a: UBERON:0003608 ! hindlimb long bone
is_a: UBERON:0003826 ! upper leg bone
is_a: UBERON:0008202 {source="MA"} ! bone of hip region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010129 {evidence="definitional"} ! femur cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 {source="FMA"} ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0000982
name: skeletal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00004645-FMA_228659-FMA_7490-MA_0000319-MIAA_0000188-XAO_0000171-ZFA_0001596
def: "Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]." [VSAO:0000101, Wikipedia:Joint]
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "articular joint" RELATED [BTO:0001686]
synonym: "articulation" BROAD [VSAO:0000101]
synonym: "joint" BROAD [FMA:7490, VSAO:0000101]
xref: AEO:0000182
xref: BTO:0001686
xref: EFO:0000948
xref: EMAPA:19204
xref: FMA:7490
xref: GAID:102
xref: galen:Joint
xref: MA:0000319
xref: MAT:0000188
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583
xref: MIAA:0000188
xref: ncithesaurus:Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182
xref: SCTID:302536002
xref: TAO:0000367
xref: VHOG:0001276
xref: VSAO:0000101
xref: XAO:0000171
xref: ZFA:0001596
union_of: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
union_of: UBERON:0011134 ! nonsynovial joint
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004770 ! articular system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001010
name: diaphysis of ulna
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "body of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33760]
synonym: "corpus ulnae" EXACT [FMA:33760]
synonym: "shaft of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33760]
synonym: "ulnar diaphysis" EXACT [FMA:33760]
xref: FMA:33760
xref: SCTID:302520004
is_a: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001012
name: head of radius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The head of the radius has a cylindrical form, and on its upper surface is a shallow cup or fovea for articulation with the capitulum (or capitellum) of the humerus. The circumference of the head is smooth; it is broad medially where it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna, narrow in the rest of its extent, which is embraced by the annular ligament. The deepest point in the fovea is not axi-symmetric with the long axis of the radius, creating a cam effect during pronation and supination[WP]." [Wikipedia:Head_of_radius]
synonym: "caput radii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Head_of_radius]
synonym: "radial head" EXACT [FMA:33773]
xref: FMA:33773
xref: galen:HeadOfRadius
xref: SCTID:181941003
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001490 {source="FMA"} ! elbow joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004413 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of radius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001015
name: musculature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A subdivision of the muscular system." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Muscular_system]
comment: AO notes: In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "muscle group" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle system" RELATED []
synonym: "muscles" RELATED []
synonym: "muscles set" EXACT []
synonym: "musculature" EXACT []
synonym: "musculature system" RELATED []
synonym: "musculi" EXACT [FMA:32558, FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of muscles" EXACT [FMA:32558]
synonym: "set of organs" EXACT []
synonym: "set of skeletal muscles" EXACT [MA:0000165]
xref: AAO:0011066
xref: BTO:0000887
xref: EFO:0001949
xref: FMA:32558
xref: MA:0000165
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjmr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000548
xref: VSAO:0005038
xref: WBbt:0005737
xref: ZFA:0000548
property_value: "spatially_disjoint_from" UBERON:0001474
is_a: UBERON:0000480 ! anatomical group
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001028
name: diaphysis of radius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "body of radius" EXACT [FMA:33782]
synonym: "corpus radii" EXACT [FMA:33782]
synonym: "radial diaphysis" EXACT [FMA:33782]
synonym: "shaft of radius" EXACT [FMA:33782]
xref: FMA:33782
xref: SCTID:302518002
is_a: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001035
name: dento-alveolar joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_00005172-FMA_7495-MA_0001499
def: "Fibrous joint in which the periodontal ligament connects a tooth to the alveolar bone of the maxilla or mandible. Examples: Dento-alveolar joint of incisor tooth.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Gomphosis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "dento-alveolar syndesmosis" EXACT [FMA:7495]
synonym: "gomphosis" EXACT [MA:0001499]
synonym: "peg-and-socket joint" EXACT [FMA:7495]
synonym: "socket" BROAD [FMA:7495]
synonym: "syndesmosis dentoalveolaris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:7495, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:7495
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Gray1003.png/200px-Gray1003.png
xref: MA:0001499
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rveAQeZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
is_a: UBERON:0002209 {source="FMA"} ! fibrous joint
is_a: UBERON:0002213 {source="MA"} ! cartilaginous joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: connects UBERON:0004103 ! alveolar ridge
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001062
name: anatomical entity
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FBbt_root_00000000-FMA_62955
def: "Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species." [CARO:MAH, FMA:62955]
subset: upper_level
xref: AAO:0010841
xref: AEO:0000000
xref: BILA:0000000
xref: CARO:0000000
xref: EHDAA2:0002229
xref: FBbt_root:00000000
xref: FMA:62955
xref: HAO:0000000
xref: MA:0000001
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_6
xref: TAO:0100000
xref: TGMA:0001822
xref: ZFA:0100000

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001066
name: intervertebral disk
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_10446-MA_0000110
def: "A pad of fibrocartilage between the articular surfaces of two successive vertebral centra which has nucleus pulposus at its core." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Intervertebral_disk]
comment: Taxon/Terminology notes: strictly speaking the term intervertebral disk [applies to intervertebral cartilage] whose gel-like core is nucleus puloposus, by this definition only in mammals
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "discus intervertebralis" EXACT [FMA:10446, FMA:TA]
synonym: "intervertebral disc" EXACT []
synonym: "intervertebral fibrocartilage" RELATED [BTO:0003625]
synonym: "spinal disc" EXACT [Wikipedia:Spinal_disc]
synonym: "spinal disk" RELATED [BTO:0003625]
xref: BTO:0003625
xref: EFO:0001370
xref: FMA:10446
xref: GAID:105
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray301.png/200px-Gray301.png
xref: MA:0000110
xref: MESH:A.02.165.410
xref: ncithesaurus:Intervertebral_Disc
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv11AcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:244570000
is_a: UBERON:0011135 ! intervertebral cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0011135 ! intervertebral cartilage
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0002242 ! nucleus pulposus
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002242 ! nucleus pulposus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001067
name: vertebral arch joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_10447-MA_0001513
def: "a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one vertebra and the inferior articular process of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment[WP]." [Wikipedia:Zygapophysial_joint]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulationes zygapophysiales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygapophysial_joint]
synonym: "facet joint" EXACT []
synonym: "joint of vertebral arch" EXACT []
synonym: "joint of vertebral articular process" EXACT []
synonym: "spinal facet joint" EXACT [HP:0008482]
synonym: "zygapophyseal joint" EXACT []
synonym: "zygapophysial joint" EXACT []
xref: FMA:10447
xref: GAID:275
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray90.png/200px-Gray90.png
xref: MA:0001513
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.979
xref: ncithesaurus:Facet_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvorHEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:89836005
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
relationship: connects UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
relationship: connects UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001075
name: body of vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_11945-MA_0001457
def: "The body is the largest part of a vertebra, and is more or less cylindrical in shape. Its upper and lower surfaces are flattened and rough, and give attachment to the intervertebral fibrocartilages, and each presents a rim around its circumference. In front, the body is convex from side to side and concave from above downward. Behind, it is flat from above downward and slightly concave from side to side. Its anterior surface presents a few small apertures, for the passage of nutrient vessels. On the posterior surface is a single large, irregular aperture, or occasionally more than one, for the exit of the basi-vertebral veins from the body of the vertebra. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra]
comment: AO notes: VSAO definition states it surrounds notochord but not applicable to post-natal. Editor notes: vertebra classes required generalization for cartilage columns // todo - add subclasses: acoelus, amphicoelus, procoelus, opsithocoelus, heterocoelus; pleurocentrum, intercentrum; todo: add developmental relationships
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "autocentrum" EXACT [ZFA:0000126]
synonym: "centrum" EXACT []
synonym: "centrum of vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "corpus vertebrae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra]
synonym: "corpus vertebrae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_vertebra]
synonym: "corpus vertebrae (vertebrale)" EXACT [FMA:11945]
synonym: "vertebral body" EXACT [FMA:11945]
synonym: "vertebral centrum" EXACT [MA:0001457]
xref: AAO:0000697
xref: FMA:11945
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Corpusvertebrae.png/200px-Corpusvertebrae.png
xref: MA:0001457
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Body
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXU4VpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:361745008
xref: SCTID:362867001
xref: TAO:0000126
xref: VSAO:0000183
xref: ZFA:0000126
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 {source="MA"} ! vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001076
name: spinous process of vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_11948-MA_0001455
def: "The spinous process of a vertebra is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae (in humans), and serves for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. In animals without an erect stance, the process points upward and may slant forward or backward. Spinous processes are exaggerated in some animals, such as the extinct Dimetrodon and Spinosaurus, where they form a sail- or finback." [Wikipedia:Spinous_process]
comment: Editor notes: todo - reconcile AAO def: "Small, posteriorly directed process at the posterior margin of each neural arch lamina; it is not a neural spine." [AAO:0000739]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "neural spine" RELATED []
synonym: "processus spinosus" EXACT []
synonym: "processus spinosus vertebrae" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebra spinous process" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000705
xref: AAO:0000739
xref: EMAPA:25107
xref: FMA:11948
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Processusspinosusvertebrae.png/200px-Processusspinosusvertebrae.png
xref: MA:0001455
xref: SCTID:264259004
xref: TAO:0001336
xref: ZFA:0001336
is_a: UBERON:0006061 ! process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001077
name: transverse process of vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_11949-MA_0001456
def: "The transverse or costal processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Transverse_process]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "processus transversus" EXACT []
synonym: "processus transversus vertebrae" EXACT []
synonym: "transverse process" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebra transverse process" EXACT []
xref: FMA:11949
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Processustransversusvertebrae.PNG/200px-Processustransversusvertebrae.PNG
xref: MA:0001456
xref: SCTID:264238006
is_a: UBERON:0006061 ! process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001078
name: pedicle of vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_11950-MA_0001458
def: "The pedicles are two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the body, at the junction of its posterior and lateral surfaces. They connect the body of the spinal vertebra to the arch. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pedicle_of_vertebral_arch]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pedicle" BROAD []
synonym: "pedicle of vertebral arch" EXACT [FMA:11950]
synonym: "pediculus arcus vertebrae" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "pediculus arcus vertebrae, radix arcus vertebrae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pedicle_of_vertebral_arch]
synonym: "vertebral pedicle" EXACT [FMA:11950]
xref: FMA:11950
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pediculusarcusvertebrae.png/200px-Pediculusarcusvertebrae.png
xref: MA:0001458
xref: ncithesaurus:Pedicle_of_Vertebral_Arch
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYdjdJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:277422007
is_a: UBERON:0006061 ! process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001079
name: superior articular process of vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_11953-MA_0001452
def: "Paired processes at the cephalic end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the prezygapophyses face dorsomedially and articulate with the lateroventrally facing facets of the postzygapophyses of the preceding vertebra." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008]
comment: TODO - add distinct classes for hemal vs neural?
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cranial articular process of vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "neural prezygapophysis" EXACT [ZFA:0001325]
synonym: "neural prezygopophyses" EXACT [ZFA:0001325]
synonym: "prezygapophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "processus articularis superior" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebra cranial articular process" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000703
xref: FMA:11953
xref: http://www.informatics.jax.org/cookbook/figures/figure20.shtml
xref: MA:0001452
xref: SCTID:42424006
xref: TAO:0001325
xref: ZFA:0001325
is_a: UBERON:0006062 ! articular process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001080
name: inferior articular process of vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_11954-MA_0001451
def: "Paired processes at the caudal end of the neural arch. The articular facets of the postzygapophyses face lateroventrally and articulate with the dorsomedially facing facets of the prezygapophyses of the succeeding vertebra." [AAO:LAP]
comment: TODO - add distinct classes for hemal vs neural?
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "caudal articular process of vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "neural postzygapophysis" NARROW [ZFA:0000681]
synonym: "neural postzygopophysis" EXACT [ZFA:0000681]
synonym: "postzygapophysis" EXACT []
synonym: "processus articularis inferior" EXACT []
synonym: "processus obliquus posterior" RELATED [AAO:0000702]
synonym: "vertebra caudal articular process" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000702
xref: FMA:11954
xref: MA:0001451
xref: SCTID:30079000
xref: TAO:0000681
xref: ZFA:0000681
is_a: UBERON:0006062 ! articular process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001083
name: myocardium of ventricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_12151-MA_0000082-ZFA_0005061
def: "Muscular layer of the cardiac ventricle composed of a compact myocardial layer surrounding the trabecular layer." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac muscle of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac ventricle myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart ventricle myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower chamber of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of cardiac ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of heart ventricle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of lower chamber of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of ventricle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "ventricle of heart cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricle of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventricular myocardium" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0003088
xref: FMA:12151
xref: MA:0000082
xref: SCTID:192084000
xref: TAO:0005061
xref: VHOG:0000604
xref: ZFA:0005061
is_a: UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001091
name: calcareous tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_12516-MA_0000348-MIAA_0000041-XAO_0000431-ZFA_0000644-ZFA_0000694
def: "Organ with a cavity which consist of dentine surrounded by enamel. Examples: incisor, molar." [FMA:12516, Wikipedia:Tooth, Wikipedia:Tooth_(animal)]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ceratobranchial 5 tooth" NARROW []
synonym: "dentine containing tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "vertebrate tooth" EXACT []
xref: AEO:0000220
xref: BTO:0000397
xref: EFO:0000839
xref: EHDAA2:0004605
xref: EHDAA:8009
xref: EHDAA:8045
xref: EMAPA:17917
xref: EMAPA:17938
xref: EV:0100063
xref: FMA:12516
xref: GAID:1260
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/200px-Teeth_by_David_Shankbone.jpg
xref: MA:0000348
xref: MAT:0000041
xref: MESH:A.14.254.860
xref: MIAA:0000041
xref: ncithesaurus:Tooth
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjUEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:302214001
xref: TAO:0000694
xref: TAO:0001625
xref: VHOG:0000127
xref: XAO:0000431
xref: ZFA:0000694
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:8782
is_a: UBERON:0003913 ! tooth-like structure
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001751 ! dentine
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001752 ! enamel

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001092
name: first cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_12519-MA_0001421
def: "." [Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy)]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "atlas" EXACT []
synonym: "Atlas (CI)" EXACT []
synonym: "C1" BROAD []
synonym: "C1 vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "cervical atlas" EXACT [MP:0011576]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 1" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000709
xref: EHDAA:10606
xref: FMA:12519
xref: GAID:236
xref: MA:0001421
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.834.151.213
xref: ncithesaurus:C1_Vertebra
xref: TAO:0001167
xref: ZFA:0001167
property_value: "vertebra_number" "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0001093 ! second cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001093
name: second cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_12520-MA_0001422-ZFA_0000092
def: "second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine." [Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy)]
comment: note: not the same as ZFA term 'axis'
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "axis" RELATED INCONSISTENT [MA:0001422]
synonym: "axis (CII)" EXACT []
synonym: "C2" BROAD []
synonym: "C2 vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "cervical axis" EXACT [MP:0004608]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 2" EXACT [MA:0001422]
synonym: "vertebra 2" EXACT [ZFA:0001168]
xref: EHDAA:10608
xref: FMA:12520
xref: GAID:237
xref: MA:0001422
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.834.151.383
xref: ncithesaurus:C2_Vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-zaJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001168
xref: ZFA:0001168
property_value: "vertebra_number" "2" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0001092 {source="FMA"} ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001094
name: sacral vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_12526-XAO_0003078
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sacral segment" EXACT []
synonym: "segment of sacrum" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18336
xref: FMA:12526
xref: galen:SacralVertebra
xref: MA:0000313
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacral_Vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv-ZsXpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:361773005
xref: XAO:0003078
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0003828 ! abdominal segment bone
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006075 ! sacral region of vertebral column
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010745 ! sacral vertebra cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006075 ! sacral region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001095
name: caudal vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_12527-XAO_0003079-ZFA_0000326
def: "bones in the tails or coccyx of mammals. In zebrafish: Vertebra bearing a hemal arch and spine. The most posterior caudal vertebrae support the caudal fin and are referred to as preural vertebrae." [Wikipedia:Caudal_vertebra, ZFIN:curator]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "caudal vertebrae" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "tail vertebra" RELATED [MA:0000310]
xref: EMAPA:18374
xref: MA:0000310
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9IEzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000326
xref: XAO:0003079
xref: ZFA:0000326
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006076 ! caudal region of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006076 ! caudal region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001098
name: incisor tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_12823-MA_0000349
def: "Incisors are the first kind of tooth in heterodont mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and mandible below. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Incisor_tooth]
comment: Humans normally have eight (8) incisors; Among other animals, some other primates, cats and horses have twelve. Rodents have four, while Foxes have nine. Rabbits and hares (lagomorphs) were once considered rodents, but are distinguished by having eight Ń one small pair, called 'peg teeth', is located directly behind the most anterior pair. Incisors are used to bite off tough foods, such as red meat
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "incisor" EXACT [MA:0000349]
xref: BTO:0001741
xref: EHDAA:8011
xref: EHDAA:8047
xref: FMA:12823
xref: GAID:1263
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gray997.png/200px-Gray997.png
xref: MA:0000349
xref: MESH:A.14.254.860.425
xref: ncithesaurus:Incisor
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ch5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:420856006
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001100
name: pectoralis minor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13109-MA_0002355
def: "The Pectoralis minor is a thin, triangular muscle, situated at the upper part of the chest, beneath the Pectoralis major. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pectoralis_minor_muscle]
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus pectoralis minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pectoralis_minor_muscle]
synonym: "pectoralis minor muscle" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0001425
xref: EHDAA:8313
xref: EMAPA:18180
xref: FMA:13109
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pectoralis_minor.png/200px-Pectoralis_minor.png
xref: MA:0002355
xref: ncithesaurus:Pectoralis_Minor
xref: SCTID:181625002
xref: VHOG:0000902
is_a: UBERON:0001495 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0007174 {notes="medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula", source="dbpedia"} ! medial part of scapula
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 {notes="third to fifth ribs near their costal cartilages", source="dbpedia"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001102
name: cartilage of main bronchus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13117-MA_0001846
def: "A cartilage that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "bronchus principalis cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous ring of main bronchus" EXACT [EMAPA:19092]
synonym: "main bronchial cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "main bronchus cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "primary bronchus cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19092
xref: FMA:13117
xref: MA:0001846
is_a: UBERON:0001956 ! cartilage of bronchus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001103
name: diaphragm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13295-MA_0001904
def: "The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs[GO]." [GO:0060539, Wikipedia:Thoracid_diaphragm]
comment: The existence of some membrane separating the pharynx from the stomach can be traced widely among the chordates. Thus amphioxus possesses an atrium by which water exits the pharynx, which has been argued (and disputed) to be homologous to structures in ascidians and hagfishes.[3] The urochordate epicardium separates digestive organs from the pharynx and heart, but the anus returns to the upper compartment to discharge wastes through an outgoing siphon (Thoracic_diaphragm#Comparative_anatomy_and_evolution)
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "diaphragm muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000341]
synonym: "midriff" RELATED [BTO:0000341]
synonym: "phren" RELATED [BTO:0000341]
synonym: "thoracic diaphragm" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000341
xref: EFO:0000937
xref: EHDAA2:0003495
xref: EMAPA:17701
xref: EV:0100376
xref: FMA:13295
xref: GAID:158
xref: MA:0001904
xref: MAT:0000502
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.900.300
xref: ncithesaurus:Diaphragm
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVivz5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181614006
xref: VHOG:0000713
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:8782
is_a: UBERON:0002426 ! chest muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003831 ! respiratory system muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003898 ! skeletal muscle of trunk
is_a: UBERON:0004830 ! respiratory system skeletal muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010084 {evidence="definitional"} ! future diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001105
name: clavicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13321-MA_0001329
def: "In human anatomy, the clavicle or collar bone is classified as a flat bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle. It receives its name from the Latin clavicula ('little key') because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. This movement is palpable. In some people, particularly females who may have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible as it creates a bulge in the skin. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Clavicle]
comment: Taxon notes: The clavicle first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it is associated with the pectoral fin; they also have a bone called the cleithrum. In such fish, the paired clavicles run behind and below the gills on each side, and are joined by a solid symphysis on the fish's underside. They are, however, absent in cartilagenous fish and in the vast majority of living bony fish, including all of the teleosts[ISBN 0-03-910284-X] AO Notes: FMA and MA differ in whether they consider this part of the shoulder. Development notes: In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "clavicula" EXACT [VSAO:0005031]
synonym: "clavicule bone" EXACT [VSAO:0005031]
synonym: "collar bone" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000761
xref: EMAPA:18721
xref: FMA:13321
xref: GAID:182
xref: galen:Clavicle
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pectoral_girdles-en.svg/200px-Pectoral_girdles-en.svg.png
xref: MA:0001329
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087.227
xref: ncithesaurus:Clavicle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjijZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181910004
xref: VHOG:0000849
xref: VSAO:0005031
is_a: UBERON:0002495 {source="FMA"} ! long bone
is_a: UBERON:0003461 {source="MA"} ! shoulder bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010905 {editor="mah", source="ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4"} ! clavicle bone primordium
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0010843 {source="ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4", notes="from secondary cartilage of fusion"} ! clavicle cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="FMA", source="VSAO"} ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001107
name: sternohyoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13341-MA_0002383-ZFA_0000283
def: "The sternohyoid muscle is a thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum, one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles serving to depress the hyoid bone. It is innervated by the ansa cervicalis. The muscle arises from the posterior border of the medial end of the clavicle, the posterior sternoclavicular ligament, and the upper and posterior part of the manubrium sterni. Passing upward and medially, it is inserted by short tendinous fibers into the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
comment: todo - add taxon restriction
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "musculus sternohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternohyoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternohyoidei" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternohyoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
xref: EMAPA:19271
xref: FMA:13341
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sternohyoid_muscle.PNG/200px-Sternohyoid_muscle.PNG
xref: MA:0002383
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternohyoid
is_a: UBERON:0008523 {source="FMA"} ! infrahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002205 {source="dbpedia", notes="manubrium of sternum"} ! manubrium of sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001108
name: omohyoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13342-MA_0002348
def: "The omohyoid muscle is a muscle at the front of the neck that consists of two bellies separated by an intermediate tendon. It belongs to the group of infrahyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle]
comment: interior and superior belly
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus omohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "omohyoid muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "omohyoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "omohyoideus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Omohyoid_muscle]
xref: FMA:13342
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gray1210.png/200px-Gray1210.png
xref: MA:0002348
xref: ncithesaurus:Omohyoid
xref: SCTID:244833001
is_a: UBERON:0008523 {source="FMA"} ! infrahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001109
name: sternothyroid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13343-MA_0002386
def: "The Sternothyreoideus (or Sternothyroid muscle) is shorter and wider than the Sternohyoideus, beneath which it is situated. It arises from the posterior surface of the manubrium sterni, below the origin of the Sternohyoideus, and from the edge of the cartilage of the first rib, and sometimes that of the second rib, it is inserted into the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. This muscle is in close contact with its fellow at the lower part of the neck, but diverges somewhat as it ascends; it is occasionally traversed by a transverse or oblique tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sternothyroid_muscle]
comment: ZFA has structure of same name that is mandibular
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus sternothyroideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sternothyroid_muscle]
synonym: "sterno-hyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternohyoid muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "sternohyoidei" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternohyoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternohyoid_muscle]
xref: EMAPA:19272
xref: FMA:13343
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Sternothyroideus.png/200px-Sternothyroideus.png
xref: MA:0002386
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternothyroid
is_a: UBERON:0008523 {source="FMA"} ! infrahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002205 {source="dbpedia"} ! manubrium of sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001110
name: thyrohyoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13344-MA_0002393
def: "The thyrohyoid muscle is a small, quadrilateral muscle appearing like an upward continuation of the Sternothyreoideus. It belongs to the infrahyoid muscles group. It arises from the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage, and is inserted into the lower border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus thyrohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreohyoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreohyoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyrohyoid muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyrohyoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyrohyoid_muscle]
xref: EMAPA:19273
xref: EMAPA:25143
xref: FMA:13344
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Thyrohyoid_muscle.PNG/200px-Thyrohyoid_muscle.PNG
xref: MA:0002393
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyrohyoid
xref: SCTID:244832006
is_a: UBERON:0008523 {source="FMA"} ! infrahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001111
name: intercostal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13354-MA_0002324
def: "Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. There are three principal layers; the external intercostal muscles, which aid in quiet and forced inhalation. They originate on ribs 1-11 and have their insertion on ribs 2-12. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs, and expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Located around the ribs the internal intercostal muscles, which aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). They originate on ribs 2-12 and have their insertions on ribs 1-11. The internal intercostals are responsible for the depression of the ribs decreasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. the innermost intercostal muscle, the deep layers of the internal intercostal muscles which are separated from them by the neurovascular bundle. Both the external and internal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves, and are provided by the intercostal arteries and intercostal veins. Their fibers run in opposite directions. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Intercostal_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intercostales" RELATED []
xref: EFO:0001368
xref: EHDAA2:0000841
xref: EHDAA:5988
xref: FMA:13354
xref: GAID:159
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray411.png/200px-Gray411.png
xref: MA:0002324
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.900.500
xref: ncithesaurus:Intercostal_Muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQo8QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181746004
xref: VHOG:0000903
is_a: UBERON:0002426 {source="FMA"} ! chest muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010970 {source="EHDAA2"} ! intercostal pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="ribs 2-12"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 {notes="ribs 1-11", source="dbpedia"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001112
name: latissimus dorsi
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13357-MA_0002331
def: "The latissimus dorsi is the larger, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Latissimus_dorsi_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "latissimus dorsi muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus latissimus dorsi" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus latissimus dorsi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Latissimus_dorsi_muscle]
xref: EFO:0003067
xref: EHDAA2:0000932
xref: EHDAA:8307
xref: EMAPA:18178
xref: FMA:13357
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Latissimus_dorsi.png/200px-Latissimus_dorsi.png
xref: MA:0002331
xref: VHOG:0000930
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010982 {source="EHDAA2"} ! latissimus dorsi pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001476 {source="dbpedia"} ! deltoid
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002380 {source="dbpedia"} ! trapezius
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {notes="floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus", source="dbpedia"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0007175 {source="dbpedia", notes="spinous processes of thoracic T7-T12 thoracolumbar fascia iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs inferior angle of scapula"} ! inferior angle of scapula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001121
name: longus colli
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13370-MA_0002341
def: "The Longus colli muscle is a muscle of the human body. The Longus colli is situated on the anterior surface of the vertebral column, between the atlas and the third thoracic vertebra. It is broad in the middle, narrow and pointed at either end, and consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical. The superior oblique portion arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebrľ and, ascending obliquely with a medial inclination, is inserted by a narrow tendon into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas. The inferior oblique portion, the smallest part of the muscle, arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebrľ; and, ascending obliquely in a lateral direction, is inserted into the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrľ. The vertical portion arises, below, from the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebrľ, and is inserted into the front of the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebrľ. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "longi colli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle]
synonym: "longus colli muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle]
synonym: "musculus longus colli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Longus_colli_muscle]
xref: FMA:13370
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Longus_colli.png/200px-Longus_colli.png
xref: MA:0002341
xref: ncithesaurus:Longus_Colli
xref: SCTID:244836009
is_a: UBERON:0003830 ! thoracic segment muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003996 {source="dbpedia"} ! arcus anterior
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="Transverse processes of C-5 to T-3"} ! transverse process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001122
name: scalenus medius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13386-MA_0002370
def: "The Scalenus medius, the largest and longest of the three scalene muscles, arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebrľ. It descendes along the side of the vertebral column to insert by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between the tubercle and the subclavian groove. The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass anterior to it. Because it elevates the upper ribs, the middle scalene muscle is also one of the accessory muscles of respiration. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scalenus_medius]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "medial scalene muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "middle scalene" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus scalenus medius" EXACT [FMA:13386, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus scalenus medius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Scalenus_medius]
synonym: "scalenus medius muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13386
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Scalenus_medius.png/200px-Scalenus_medius.png
xref: MA:0002370
xref: ncithesaurus:Scalenus_Medius
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004601 {source="dbpedia"} ! rib 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002413 {source="dbpedia"} ! cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001123
name: scalenus posterior
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13387-MA_0002369
def: "The Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus), the smallest and most deeply seated of the three Scaleni, arises, by two or three separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower two or three cervical vertebrľ, and is inserted by a thin tendon into the outer surface of the second rib, behind the attachment of the Serratus anterior. It is occasionally blended with the Scalenus medius. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scalenus_posterior]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus scalenus posterior" EXACT [FMA:13387, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus scalenus posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Scalenus_posterior]
synonym: "posterior scalene" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior scalene muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "scalenus dorsalis" EXACT []
synonym: "scalenus dorsalis muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13387
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Scalenus_posterior.png/200px-Scalenus_posterior.png
xref: MA:0002369
xref: ncithesaurus:Scalenus_Dorsalis
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="transverse processes of C4 - C6"} ! transverse process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001124
name: pectoral limb scapula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13394-MA_0001330-ZFA_0000583
def: "In human anatomy, the scapula, omo (Medical Latin), or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). The scapula forms the posterior (back) located part of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scapula]
comment: Alternate definition: A scapula that is connected to a pectoral limb. Taxon notes: present in all tetrapods with even vestiges of anterior limbs, e.g., turtles & birds & mammals. Development notes: chick scapula is of dual origin and segmentally organized[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "shoulder blade" EXACT []
synonym: "tetrapod scapula" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000751
xref: BTO:0001218
xref: EFO:0001400
xref: EMAPA:18722
xref: FMA:13394
xref: GAID:186
xref: galen:Scapula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Pectoral_girdles-en.svg/200px-Pectoral_girdles-en.svg.png
xref: MA:0001330
xref: ncithesaurus:Scapula
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVji0JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:302517007
xref: VHOG:0001398
is_a: UBERON:0003461 ! shoulder bone
is_a: UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006290 {evidence="definitional"} ! scapula cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001125
name: serratus anterior
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13397-MA_0002378
def: "The serratus anterior is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Serratus_anterior_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Boxer's muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus serratus anterior, serratus lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Serratus_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "serratus anterior muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "serratus ventralis" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0001832
xref: EHDAA:9463
xref: EMAPA:18525
xref: FMA:13397
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Serratus_anterior.png/200px-Serratus_anterior.png
xref: MA:0002378
xref: ncithesaurus:Serratus_Ventralis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvWn_D5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181748003
xref: VHOG:0000679
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010986 {source="EHDAA2"} ! serratus anterior pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002380 {source="dbpedia"} ! trapezius
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006849 {notes="costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula", source="dbpedia"} ! scapula
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 {notes="fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs", source="dbpedia"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001126
name: serratus posterior superior
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13401-MA_0002377
def: "The Serratus posterior superior is a thin, quadrilateral muscle, situated at the upper and back part of the thorax. It arises by a thin and broad aponeurosis from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchae, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and upper two or three thoracic vertebrľ and from the supraspinal ligament. Inclining downward and lateralward it becomes muscular, and is inserted, by four fleshy digitations, into the upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs, a little beyond their angles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Serratus_posterior_superior]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "serratus dorsalis cranialis" EXACT []
synonym: "superior serratus posterior" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13401
xref: MA:0002377
xref: ncithesaurus:Serratus_Dorsalis_Cranialis
xref: SCTID:244935007
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001127
name: serratus posterior inferior
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13402-MA_0002376
def: "The Serratus posterior inferior muscle (or posterior serratus) is a muscle of the human body. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Serratus_posterior_inferior]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior serratus posterior" EXACT []
synonym: "serratus dorsalis caudalis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:13402
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Serratus_posterior.PNG/200px-Serratus_posterior.PNG
xref: MA:0002376
xref: ncithesaurus:Serratus_Dorsalis_Caudalis
xref: SCTID:244936008
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001128
name: sternocleidomastoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13407-MA_0002384
def: "In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, also known as sternomastoid and commonly abbreviated as SCM, is a paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. It acts to flex and rotate the head. It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
comment: Editor notes: TODO: sternocleidomastoid = sternomastoid + Cleidomastoideus. Origin: from manubrium sterni (sterno) and clavicle (cleido) and it's insertion at the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus sternocleidomastoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sterno-cleido-mastoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sterno-mastoid" EXACT []
synonym: "sterno-mastoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoid muscle" EXACT [BTO:0005125]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoid muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoidei" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternocleidomastoids" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternomastoid" EXACT []
synonym: "sternomastoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "sternomastoid muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "sternomastoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
synonym: "supraclavicularis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sternocleidomastoid_muscle]
xref: BTO:0005125
xref: EMAPA:25137
xref: FMA:13407
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gray512.png/200px-Gray512.png
xref: MA:0002384
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternocleidomastoid_Muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bMg5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181741009
xref: VHOG:0000853
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010987 ! sterno-mastoid pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001105 {source="dbpedia", notes="manubrium sterni medial portion of the clavicle"} ! clavicle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002205 {source="dbpedia", notes="manubrium sterni medial portion of the clavicle"} ! manubrium of sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001129
name: subscapularis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13413-MA_0002388
def: "The Subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Subscapularis_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus subscapularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subscapularis_muscle]
synonym: "subscapularis muscle" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0001943
xref: EHDAA:8317
xref: EMAPA:18181
xref: FMA:13413
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray411.png/200px-Gray411.png
xref: MA:0002388
xref: ncithesaurus:Subscapularis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rviCRIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:277446000
xref: VHOG:0000850
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {notes="lesser tubercle of humerus", source="dbpedia"} ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001130
name: vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13478-MA_0002416-XAO_0003074-ZFA_0001559
def: "Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3530322&group_id=76834&atid=2257941, UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Vertebral_column]
comment: Editor notes: Note that in contrast to VSAO, this is a subset of the skeletal system, and thus includes intervertebral joints, cartilage and ligaments etc. Some ontologies such as AAO seem to purely refer to the skeleton
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "backbone" NARROW [FMA:13478]
synonym: "columna vertebralis" RELATED [BTO:0000818]
synonym: "spinal column" RELATED [MESH:A.02.835.232.834]
synonym: "spine" BROAD [FMA:13478]
synonym: "vertebral column skeleton" NARROW [AAO:0000699]
xref: AAO:0000699
xref: AAO:0000734
xref: BTO:0000818
xref: EFO:0001369
xref: EHDA:10119
xref: EMAPA:16666
xref: FMA:13478
xref: GAID:106
xref: galen:SpinalColumn
xref: MA:0002416
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.834
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Cord_Column
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Column
xref: NIF_Subcellular:sao1145756102
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2j-CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6GF55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkFEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:44300000
xref: TAO:0001559
xref: VHOG:0001142
xref: VSAO:0000185
xref: XAO:0003074
xref: ZFA:0001559
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011138 {source="cjm"} ! post-cranial axial skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001131
name: vertebral foramen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_13479-MA_0001454
def: "In a typical vertebra, the vertebral foramen is the foramen formed by the anterior segment, and the posterior part, the vertebral arch. The vertebral foramen begins at cervical vertebrae #1 and continues inferior to lumbar vertebrae #5. Within this foramen the spinal cord and associated meninges are housed. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "foramen vertebrale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vertebral_foramen]
synonym: "vertebra neural canal" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000729
xref: FMA:13479
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Foramenvertebrale.png/200px-Foramenvertebrale.png
xref: MA:0001454
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv_EvQZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:280734009
is_a: UBERON:0010276 ! vertebral column opening
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001133
name: cardiac muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_14068-MA_0002441
def: "Muscle composed of cardiac muscle cells that is part of the heart[ZFA]. involuntary striated muscle found in the walls of the heart, specifically the myocardium[Wikipedia]. Tissue which consists of cardiac myocytes surrounded by cardiac endomysium. Examples: Cardiac muscle tissue proper, conducting tissue of heart[FMA]." [FMA:14068]
comment: check relationship with myocardium. part_of in MA - but we also have a more specific class 'cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium'. Check ncit
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0010245
xref: AEO:0000142
xref: BTO:0000199
xref: EHDAA2:0003142
xref: FMA:14068
xref: galen:CardiacMuscle
xref: galen:CardiacMuscleTissue
xref: MA:0002441
xref: ncithesaurus:Heart_Muscle
xref: TAO:0005280
xref: ZFA:0005280
is_a: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001134
name: skeletal muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_14069-MA_0002439
def: "Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm[FMA]. Striated muscle tissue under control of the somatic nervous system. It is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac and smooth muscle. As its name suggests, most skeletal muscle is attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers known as tendons. Skeletal muscle is made up of individual components known as muscle fibers. These fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts. The myofibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells composed of actin and myosin myofibrils repeated as a sarcomere, the basic functional unit of the cell and responsible for skeletal muscle's striated appearance and forming the basic machinery necessary for muscle contraction. The term muscle refers to multiple bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue[WP]." [Wikipedia:Skeletal_striated_muscle]
comment: TODO - add skeletal muscle organ? See GO:0060538 skeletal muscle organ development. Consider FBbt:00005073 - somatic muscle.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "skeletal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "skeletal muscle organ" RELATED []
synonym: "skeletal muscle system" RELATED [BTO:0001103]
synonym: "somatic muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001103]
xref: AAO:0011099
xref: BTO:0001103
xref: EFO:0000888
xref: EHDAA2:0001842
xref: EHDAA:2923
xref: EHDAA:5035
xref: EHDAA:5043
xref: EHDAA:5978
xref: EHDAA:5984
xref: EHDAA:8277
xref: EHDAA:8291
xref: EHDAA:8326
xref: EHDAA:9146
xref: EV:0100377
xref: FMA:14069
xref: GAID:141
xref: MA:0002439
xref: MAT:0000302
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567
xref: MIAA:0000302
xref: ncithesaurus:Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:426215008
xref: TAO:0005277
xref: VHOG:0000319
xref: XAO:0000174
xref: ZFA:0005277
is_a: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000188 ! skeletal muscle cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000188 ! skeletal muscle cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001135
name: smooth muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_14070-MA_0002440
def: "Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. Tissue which consists of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Examples: Arrector muscle of hair, Muscularis mucosae." [Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue]
comment: terminological note: GO uses visceral and smooth interchangeably. However visceral can also be used in the sense of the viscera. Many fly annotations to smooth muscle terms. If we want to be inclusive of insects have to have a general definition of tissue that includes cells.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "involuntary muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "non-striated muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "smooth muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Smooth_muscle_tissue]
synonym: "textus muscularis nonstriatus" EXACT [FMA:14070, FMA:TA]
synonym: "visceral muscle" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "visceral muscle tissue" NARROW SENSU []
xref: AAO:0010244
xref: AEO:0000141
xref: BTO:0001260
xref: EFO:0000889
xref: EHDAA2:0003141
xref: EMAPA:18923
xref: EV:0100378
xref: FBbt:00003525
xref: FMA:14070
xref: GAID:167
xref: galen:SmoothMuscle
xref: galen:SmoothMuscleTissue
xref: MA:0000166
xref: MAT:0000303
xref: MESH:A.02.633.570
xref: MIAA:0000303
xref: ncithesaurus:Smooth_Muscle_Tissue
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvvSS3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0005274
xref: VHOG:0001246
xref: WBbt:0005781
xref: XAO:0000175
xref: ZFA:0005274
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001202
name: pyloric sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_14916-XAO_0000457
def: "A strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion[WP]." [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pyloric valve" EXACT [Wikipedia:Pylorus]
xref: AAO:0011093
xref: EMAPA:19251
xref: FMA:14916
xref: MA:0002952
xref: ncithesaurus:Pyloric_Sphincter
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvly2ZZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:268073008
xref: VHOG:0001466
xref: XAO:0000457
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001203
name: muscularis mucosae of stomach
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_14924-MA_0002684
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lamina muscularis mucosae (tunica mucosa)(gaster)" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina muscularis of gastric mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "muscular coat of stomach" EXACT []
synonym: "stomach muscularis mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "tunica muscularis gastricae" EXACT [FMA:14924, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:14924
xref: MA:0002684
xref: SCTID:64551004
is_a: UBERON:0004222 ! stomach smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001210
name: muscularis mucosae of small intestine
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_15051-MA_0002687
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lamina muscularis mucosae (tunica mucosa)(intestinum tenue)" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina muscularis of small intestine mucous membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "small intestine muscularis mucosa" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15051
xref: MA:0002687
xref: ncithesaurus:Small_Intestinal_Muscularis_Mucosa
xref: SCTID:36401004
is_a: UBERON:0001240 ! muscularis mucosae of intestine
is_a: UBERON:0004239 ! small intestine smooth muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001240 ! muscularis mucosae of intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001220
name: quadratus lumborum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_15569-MA_0002362
def: "The Quadratus lumborum is irregular and quadrilateral in shape, and broader below than above. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Quadratus_lumborum_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "muscle of posterior abdominal wall" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18524
xref: FMA:15569
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gray1124.png/200px-Gray1124.png
xref: MA:0002362
xref: ncithesaurus:Quadratus_Lumborum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvj1wcpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
is_a: UBERON:0002378 ! muscle of abdomen
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {notes="Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae", source="dbpedia"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002414 {notes="Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae", source="dbpedia"} ! lumbar vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001221
name: transversus abdominis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_15570-MA_0002396
def: "The transversus abdominis muscle, also known as the transversalis muscle and transverse abdominal muscle, is a muscle layer of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall which is just deep to (layered below) the internal oblique muscle. It is thought to be a major muscle of the functional core of the human body; although some argue that due to its small cross-sectional area, it cannot generate the forces required to be a prime core stabilizer. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Transversus_abdominis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus transversus abdominis" EXACT [FMA:15570, FMA:TA]
synonym: "transverse abdominal" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0002078
xref: EHDAA:8254
xref: EMAPA:18165
xref: FMA:15570
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_trunk_muscles.jpg
xref: MA:0002396
xref: ncithesaurus:Transversus_Abdominis
xref: VHOG:0000845
is_a: UBERON:0002461 ! anterior abdominal wall muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001239
name: muscularis mucosae of large intestine
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_15655-MA_0002689
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "lamina muscularis of large intestine mucosa" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina muscularis of large intestine mucous membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "large intestine muscularis mucosa" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15655
xref: MA:0002689
xref: ncithesaurus:Large_Intestinal_Muscularis_Mucosa
is_a: UBERON:0001240 ! muscularis mucosae of intestine
is_a: UBERON:0004220 ! large intestine smooth muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001240 ! muscularis mucosae of intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001240
name: muscularis mucosae of intestine
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_15691-MA_0002694
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "intestine muscularis mucosa" EXACT []
xref: FMA:15691
xref: MA:0002694
is_a: UBERON:0004221 ! intestine smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001244
name: internal anal sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_15710-MA_0001534
def: "The Sphincter ani internus (or internal anal sphincter) is a muscular ring which surrounds about 2.5 cm of the anal canal; its inferior border is in contact with, but quite separate from, the Sphincter ani externus. It is about 5 mm thick, and is formed by an aggregation of the involuntary circular fibers of the intestine. Its lower border is about 6 mm from the orifice of the anus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Internal_anal_sphincter]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "circular layer of anal muscularis externa" EXACT []
synonym: "circular layer of muscularis externa of anal canal" EXACT []
synonym: "circular layer of muscularis propria of anal canal" EXACT []
synonym: "circular muscle layer of anal canal" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18266
xref: FMA:15710
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray1079.png/200px-Gray1079.png
xref: MA:0001534
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Anal_Sphincter
is_a: UBERON:0004231 {source="MA"} ! anal region smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004916 ! anal sphincter
is_a: UBERON:0007521 ! smooth muscle sphincter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001269
name: acetabular part of hip bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_16579-MA_0001335
def: "The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Acetabulum]
comment: In reptiles and in birds, the acetabula are deep sockets.[WP] Note that whilst WP defines this as a surface, MA treats it as a bone. There are other FMA classes that may be better suited to representing the surface.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "acetabulum" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000770
xref: EHDAA:10661
xref: FMA:16579
xref: GAID:206
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg/200px-Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg
xref: MA:0001335
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.611.108
xref: ncithesaurus:Acetabulum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJlP9ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001427
xref: SCTID:182027007
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001486 {source="FMA"} ! hip joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001270
name: bony pelvis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_16580-MA_0000532
def: "In humans, the ring of bone formed by the sacrum and the first few coccygeal vertebrae as the roof, the pubis and ischia as the floor and the ilia and the acetabular part of the ischia as the walls." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bony+pelvis]
comment: in FMA, this is part of the axial skeletal system. todo: add taxon-specific part of relations connecting sub-structures to this.
xref: FMA:16580
xref: SCTID:46633002
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001272
name: pelvic bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_16585-ZFA_0000623
def: "The hip bone, innominate bone or coxal bone is a large, flattened, irregularly shaped bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. It has one of the few ball and socket synovial joints in the body Đ the so called hip joint. It meets its fellow on the opposite side in the middle line in front, and together they form the sides and anterior wall of the pelvic cavity. Together with the sacrum and coccyx, it comprises the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Hip_bone]
comment: The hip bone first appears in fishes, where it consists of a simple, usually triangular bone, to which the pelvic fin articulates. The hip bones on each side usually connect with each other at the forward end, and are even solidly fused in lungfishes and sharks, but they never attach to the vertebral column[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "basipterygium" RELATED []
synonym: "bone of pelvic girdle" EXACT []
synonym: "coxal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "hip bone" EXACT []
synonym: "innominate bone" EXACT []
synonym: "os coxae" EXACT [FMA:16585, FMA:TA]
synonym: "os coxae/os ilium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hip_bone]
xref: FMA:16585
xref: GAID:205
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray341.png/200px-Gray341.png
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.611
xref: ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Bone
xref: SCTID:361776002
is_a: UBERON:0007830 ! pelvic girdle bone/zone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001273
name: ilium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_16589-MA_0001336
def: "The ilium is the uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish." [Wikipedia:Ilium_(bone)]
comment: Note that this is_a hip bone in MA. Taxon notes: All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os iliacum" EXACT []
synonym: "os ilii" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000772
xref: EFO:0003049
xref: FMA:16589
xref: GAID:207
xref: galen:Ilium
xref: MA:0001336
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.611.434
xref: ncithesaurus:Ilium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvhwFJ5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182029005
property_value: "dubious_for_taxon" NCBITaxon:8570
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:32443
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0007830 {source="MA"} ! pelvic girdle bone/zone
is_a: UBERON:0008202 {source="MA"} ! bone of hip region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010714 {source="cjm"} ! iliac cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001272 {source="FMA"} ! pelvic bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="VSAO"} ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001274
name: ischium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_16592-MA_0001337
def: "Endochondral bone that is paired, forming the posterior part of the pelvis, articulating with the pubis and ilium." [VSAO:0005006, VSAO:NI, Wikipedia:Ischium]
comment: Note that this is_a hip bone in MA; in FMA it is a zone of bone organ.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os ischii" RELATED [AAO:0000860]
synonym: "os ischii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ischium]
xref: AAO:0000860
xref: FMA:16592
xref: GAID:208
xref: galen:Ischium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg/200px-Illu_pelvic_girdle.jpg
xref: MA:0001337
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.611.548
xref: ncithesaurus:Ischium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlzMKpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182025004
xref: VSAO:0005006
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0007830 {source="MA"} ! pelvic girdle bone/zone
is_a: UBERON:0008202 {source="MA"} ! bone of hip region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006254 {source="cjm"} ! ischial cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001272 ! pelvic bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="VSAO"} ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001275
name: pubis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_16595-MA_0001338
def: "the ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis. it is covered by a layer of fat, which is covered by the mons pubis. It is divisible into a body, a superior ramus and an inferior ramus. The body forms one-fifth of the acetabulum, contributing by its external surface both to the lunate surface and the acetabular fossa. Its internal surface enters into the formation of the wall of the lesser pelvis and gives origin to a portion of the obturator internus. In the female, the pubic bone is anterior to the urethral sponge. The left and right hip bones join at the pubic symphysis. The pubis is the lower limit of the suprapubic region[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pubis_(bone)]
comment: AO notes: isa bone zone in FMA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os pubis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubis_%28bone%29]
synonym: "pubic bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubis_%28bone%29]
synonym: "pubis bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubis_%28bone%29]
xref: AAO:0000861
xref: EMAPA:18728
xref: FMA:16595
xref: galen:Pubis
xref: MA:0001338
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.611.781
xref: ncithesaurus:Pubic_Bone
xref: SCTID:182035005
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0007830 {source="MA"} ! pelvic girdle bone/zone
is_a: UBERON:0008202 {source="MA"} ! bone of hip region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010718 ! pubic cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001272 {source="FMA"} ! pelvic bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="VSAO"} ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001296
name: myometrium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_17743-MA_0000391
def: "middle layer of the uterine wall consisting of smooth muscle cells and supporting stromal and vascular tissue." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myometrium, Wikipedia:Myometrium]
comment: The inner layer of the uterine wall is the endometrium or uterine lining, and the outer layer the serosa or perimetrium. The myometrium stretches (the smooth muscle cells expand in both size and number[1]) during pregnancy to allow for the harboring of the pregnancy, and contracts in a coordinated fashion during the process of labor. After delivery the myometrium contracts to expel the placenta and reduce blood loss.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tunica muscularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Myometrium]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (myometrium)" EXACT []
synonym: "uterine smooth muscle" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000907
xref: EFO:0001970
xref: EMAPA:29923
xref: EV:0100116
xref: FMA:17743
xref: GAID:171
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cervix.jpg/200px-Illu_cervix.jpg
xref: MA:0000391
xref: MESH:A.02.633.570.500
xref: MeSH:D009215
xref: ncithesaurus:Myometrium
xref: SCTID:279879004
xref: VHOG:0001281
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001298
name: psoas major
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_18060-MA_0002358
def: "The psoas major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the side of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis. It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas. In less than 50 per cent of subjects the psoas major is accompanied by the psoas minor. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Psoas_major_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "m. psoas major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Psoas_major_muscle]
synonym: "psoas major muscle" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001877
xref: EMAPA:18169
xref: FMA:18060
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: MA:0002358
xref: ncithesaurus:Psoas_Major
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwU5ZfZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:244952006
is_a: UBERON:0008450 {source="MA"} ! psoas
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001370 {source="dbpedia"} ! gluteus maximus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002504 {notes="in the lesser trochanter of the femur", source="dbpedia"} ! lesser trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {notes="Transverse processes of T12-L5 and the lateral aspects of the discs between them", source="dbpedia"} ! transverse process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001315
name: superior gluteal artery
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_18868-MA_0002054
def: "The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_gluteal_artery]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arteria glutea superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_gluteal_artery]
synonym: "arteria glutealis superior" EXACT []
xref: FMA:18868
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Gray1244.png/200px-Gray1244.png
xref: MA:0002054
xref: ncithesaurus:Gluteal_Artery
xref: SCTID:181354004
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001015 ! musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001325
name: muscle of pelvis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_19086-MA_0000534
def: "Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani," [FMA:19086]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "muscle organ of pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic muscle" EXACT [FMA:19086]
synonym: "pelvis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvis muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:19086
xref: MA:0000534
is_a: UBERON:0003833 {source="MA"} ! abdominal segment muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001326
name: levator ani
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_19087-MA_0002332
def: "The Levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on the side of the pelvis. It is attached to the inner surface of the side of the lesser pelvis, and unites with its fellow of the opposite side to form the greater part of the floor of the pelvic cavity. It supports the viscera in pelvic cavity, and surrounds the various structures which pass through it. In combination with the Coccygeus muscle, it forms the pelvic diaphragm. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Levator_ani]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus levator ani" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_ani]
xref: EMAPA:19165
xref: FMA:19087
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray404.png/200px-Gray404.png
xref: MA:0002332
xref: ncithesaurus:Levator_Ani
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001327
name: coccygeus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_19088-MA_0002277
def: "The Coccygeus is a muscle of the pelvic wall (i.e. peripheral to the pelvic floor), situated behind the levator ani and in front of the sacrospinous ligament. It is a triangular plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, arising by its apex from the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament, and inserted by its base into the margin of the coccyx and into the side of the lowest piece of the sacrum. It assists the Levator ani and Piriformis in closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Coccygeus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coccygeus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "ischiococcygeus" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus coccygeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coccygeus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus ischiococcygeus" EXACT [FMA:19088, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:19088
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray404.png/200px-Gray404.png
xref: MA:0002277
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0009000 {source="dbpedia", notes="Sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine"} ! ischial spine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001339
name: ischiocavernosus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_19730-MA_0002330
def: "The ischiocavernosus muscle is a muscle just below the surface of the perineum, present in both men and women. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ischiocavernosus]
comment: todo - add part_of relationships
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:19730
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ischiocavernosus-female.png/200px-Ischiocavernosus-female.png
xref: MA:0002330
xref: ncithesaurus:Ischiocavernosus
is_a: UBERON:0002379 ! perineal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001350
name: coccyx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_20229-MA_0000696
def: "A collection of caudal vertebrae in the coccygeal region - may be fused[cjm]." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Coccyx]
comment: In MA the subclass hierarchy is cocc V is_a caud V is_a tail bone. Taxon notes: In humans: The coccyx, commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column. Comprising three to five separate or fused vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae) below the sacrum, it is attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx. The term coccyx comes originally from the Greek language and means 'cuckoo', referring to the curved shape of a cuckoo's beak when viewed from the side. [WP,unvetted].
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coccygeal skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000259]
synonym: "coccygeal vertebrae I-IV" EXACT [FMA:20229]
synonym: "coccyx [coccygeal vertebrae i-iv]" EXACT [FMA:20229]
synonym: "coccyx [vertebrae coccygeae i-iv]" EXACT [FMA:20229, FMA:TA]
synonym: "os coccygis" EXACT [FMA:20229, FMA:TA]
synonym: "os coccygis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coccyx]
synonym: "tailbone" RELATED SENSU [FMA:20229]
xref: AAO:0000731
xref: EHDAA2:0000259
xref: FMA:20229
xref: GAID:239
xref: galen:Coccyx
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Gray100.png/200px-Gray100.png
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.834.229
xref: ncithesaurus:Coccyx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv1XqHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182028002
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0006070
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001270 {source="FMA"} ! bony pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001365
name: sacro-iliac joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_21440-MA_0001506
def: "the joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side." [Wikipedia:Sacroiliac_joint]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulatio sacro-iliaca" EXACT []
synonym: "sacroiliac joint" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:19300
xref: FMA:21440
xref: GAID:268
xref: MA:0001506
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.707
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacroiliac_Joint
xref: SCTID:182199004
is_a: UBERON:0011107 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint of pelvic girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001273 ! ilium
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003690 ! sacrum
relationship: connects UBERON:0001273 ! ilium
relationship: connects UBERON:0003690 ! sacrum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001367
name: external anal sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_21930-MA_0001531
def: "The Sphincter ani externus (external anal sphincter) is a flat plane of muscular fibers, elliptical in shape and intimately adherent to the integument surrounding the margin of the anus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sphincter_ani_externus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "external sphincter ani" EXACT []
synonym: "sphincter ani externus" RELATED []
xref: EMAPA:18265
xref: FMA:21930
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Anorectum.gif/200px-Anorectum.gif
xref: MA:0001531
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Anal_Sphincter
is_a: UBERON:0004916 ! anal sphincter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001368
name: obturator externus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22299-MA_0002347
def: "An adductor muscle that attaches to the femur and the pelvis. In humans, the obturator externus muscle is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometimes considered part of the gluteal region. [WP,generalized]." [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
comment: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the ventro-lateral pelvic rim and inserts on the ventral aspect of the femur, medial to the insertion of the pectineus." [AAO:0010043]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "external obturator" EXACT []
synonym: "external obturator" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "external obturatus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "externus obturator" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "M. obturator externus" EXACT [AAO:0010043]
synonym: "musculus obturatorius externus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "obturator externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "obturatorius externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
synonym: "obturatus externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_externus_muscle]
xref: AAO:0010043
xref: FMA:22299
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG/200px-Posterior_Hip_Muscles_1.PNG
xref: MA:0002347
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Externus_Muscle
xref: SCTID:245026009
is_a: UBERON:0011043 {source="FMA"} ! obturator muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002503 {source="FMA"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia", notes="trochanteric fossa of femur"} ! femur
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006803 {source="dbpedia", notes="obturator foramen and obturatory membrane"} ! obturator foramen
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001369
name: iliacus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22310-MA_0002318
def: "The iliacus is a flat, triangular muscle, which fills the iliac fossa. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iliacus_muscle]
comment: AAO has iliacus major and minor, both of which attach to ilium and femur - consider grouping these somehow
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior muscle of pelvic girdle" EXACT []
synonym: "iliacus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliacus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus iliacus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Iliacus_muscle]
xref: EMAPA:19164
xref: FMA:22310
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: MA:0002318
xref: ncithesaurus:Iliacus
is_a: UBERON:0001497 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of pelvic girdle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001370 {source="dbpedia"} ! gluteus maximus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002504 {source="dbpedia", notes="lesser trochanter of femur"} ! lesser trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0011015 {source="dbpedia", notes=""} ! iliac fossa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001370
name: gluteus maximus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22314-MA_0002309
def: "The gluteus maximus (or glutľus maximus) is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. It makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks. It is a broad and thick fleshy mass of a quadrilateral shape, and forms the prominence of the nates. Its large size is one of the most characteristic features of the muscular system in humans, connected as it is with the power of maintaining the trunk in the erect posture. The muscle is remarkably coarse in structure, being made up of fasciculi lying parallel with one another and collected together into large bundles separated by fibrous septa. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "glutaeus maximus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle]
synonym: "gluteus maximus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle]
synonym: "gluteus superficialis" RELATED []
synonym: "m.gluteus maximus" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus gluteus maximus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gluteus_maximus_muscle]
xref: EMAPA:18527
xref: FMA:22314
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG/200px-Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG
xref: MA:0002309
xref: ncithesaurus:Gluteus_Maximus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
is_a: UBERON:0002000 ! gluteal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001298 {source="dbpedia"} ! psoas major
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001369 {source="dbpedia"} ! iliacus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001372 {source="dbpedia"} ! psoas minor
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {notes="Gluteal tuberosity of the femur iliotibial tract", source="dbpedia"} ! femur
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001273 {notes="Gluteal surface of ilium lumbar fascia sacrum sacrotuberous ligament", source="dbpedia"} ! ilium
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003690 {notes="Gluteal surface of ilium lumbar fascia sacrum sacrotuberous ligament", source="dbpedia"} ! sacrum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001371
name: gluteus medius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22315-MA_0002310
def: "The gluteus medius (or glutľus medius), one of the three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis. Its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus, its anterior two-thirds by the gluteal aponeurosis, which separates it from the superficial fascia and integument. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gluteus medius muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle]
synonym: "musculus gluteus medius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle]
synonym: "musculus gluteus medius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_medius_muscle]
xref: EMAPA:19163
xref: FMA:22315
xref: galen:GluteusMedius
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG/200px-Posterior_Hip_Muscles_3.PNG
xref: MA:0002310
xref: ncithesaurus:Gluteus_Medius
is_a: UBERON:0002000 ! gluteal muscle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002503 {source="FMA"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002503 {source="dbpedia", notes="Greater trochanter of the femur"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001273 {source="dbpedia", notes="Gluteal surface of ilium under gluteus maximus"} ! ilium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001372
name: psoas minor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22350-MA_0002359
def: "The psoas minor is a long, slender skeletal muscle that, when present, is placed in front of the psoas major muscle. It is absent in 40% of individuals. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Psoas_minor_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "m. psoas minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Psoas_minor_muscle]
synonym: "psoas minor muscle" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001878
xref: EMAPA:18170
xref: FMA:22350
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gray430.png/200px-Gray430.png
xref: MA:0002359
xref: ncithesaurus:Psoas_Minor
xref: SCTID:244954007
is_a: UBERON:0008450 {source="MA"} ! psoas
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001370 {source="dbpedia"} ! gluteus maximus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001373
name: sartorius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22353-MA_0002368
def: "The Sartorius muscle Đ the longest muscle in the human body Đ is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle." [Wikipedia:Sartorius_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes (via VHOG): "The ambiens of reptiles and the iliotibialis of amphibians are likely homologues of the sartorius." Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, Fourth Edition (2006) McGraw-Hill, p.391 [VHOG:0001192]. No iliotibialis in AAO - M. sartorius has def: "Originates on the ventral pelvic rim, the pubic region, and the ventral surface of the adductor longus. The insertion bifurcates distally; the ventral portion attaches to the aponeurosis of the cruralis and the dorsal part attaches to the distal attachment of the gracilis major, the semitendinosus, and to the aponeurosis of the cruralis." [AAO:0010027]. We do NOT group this AAO class here at this stage until further evidence of shared attachments
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "M. sartorius" RELATED []
synonym: "musculus sartorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sartorius_muscle]
synonym: "sartorius muscle" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001215
xref: EHDAA2:0001776
xref: EHDAA:10583
xref: FMA:22353
xref: galen:Sartorius
xref: MA:0002368
xref: ncithesaurus:Sartorius_Muscle
xref: VHOG:0001192
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0008977 {notes="anteromedial surface of the upper tibia in the pes anserinus", source="dbpedia"} ! pes anserinus of leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001374
name: biceps femoris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22356-MA_0002270
def: "The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back) thigh. As its name implies, it has two parts, one of which (the long head) forms part of the hamstrings muscle group. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Biceps_femoris_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "biceps femoris muscle" EXACT [BTO:0003418]
synonym: "musculus biceps femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Biceps_femoris_muscle]
xref: BTO:0003418
xref: EFO:0001418
xref: FMA:22356
xref: galen:BicepsFemoris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG/200px-Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG
xref: MA:0002270
xref: ncithesaurus:Biceps_Femoris
xref: SCTID:181672002
is_a: UBERON:0004252 ! hindlimb stylopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001377 {source="dbpedia"} ! quadriceps femoris
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0008775 {source="dbpedia", notes="the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle"} ! proximal epiphysis of fibula
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0009989 {source="dbpedia", notes="the head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle"} ! condyle of tibia
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia"} ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001375
name: semitendinosus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22357-MA_0002375
def: "The semitendinosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh; it is one of the hamstrings. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semitendinosus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus semitendinosus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Semitendinosus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus semitendinosus" RELATED [BTO:0001236]
synonym: "semitendinosus muscle" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001236
xref: FMA:22357
xref: galen:Semitendinosus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Semitendinosus_muscle.PNG/200px-Semitendinosus_muscle.PNG
xref: MA:0002375
xref: ncithesaurus:Semitendinosus
xref: SCTID:181685004
is_a: UBERON:0003663 ! hindlimb muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001377 {source="dbpedia"} ! quadriceps femoris
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0008977 {source="dbpedia"} ! pes anserinus of leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001376
name: tensor fasciae latae
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22423-MA_0002391
def: "The tensor fasciae latae or tensor fasciľ latľ is a muscle of the thigh. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tensor_fasciae_latae]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus tensor fasciae latae" EXACT [FMA:22423, FMA:TA]
synonym: "tensor fasciae lata" EXACT []
synonym: "tensor of fascia lata" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22423
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: MA:0002391
xref: ncithesaurus:Tensor_Fasciae_Lata
xref: SCTID:181671009
is_a: UBERON:0002000 ! gluteal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001377
name: quadriceps femoris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22428-MA_0002363
def: "The quadriceps femoris, also called simply the quadriceps, quadriceps extensor, quads, is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur. It is the strongest and leanest muscle in the human body. It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names: Rectus femoris occupies the middle of the thigh, covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the ilium. It is named from its straight course. The other three lie deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the femur, which they cover from the trochanters to the condyles: Vastus lateralis is on the lateral side of the femur (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh). Vastus medialis is on the medial side of the femur (i.e. on the inner part thigh). Vastus intermedius lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh). All four parts of the quadriceps muscle attach to the patella (knee cap) via the quadriceps tendon. The quadriceps is also involved in Lombard's Paradox. The proper plural form of the adjective quadriceps is quadricipes, a form not in general use; instead, quadriceps is used in both singular and plural (i.e. , when referring to both legs). The form quadricep [sic], though common even in professional contexts, is incorrect. The error may derive from a mistaken belief that quadriceps is a plural noun (rather than an adjective in the singular), since English typically forms its plurals with the addition of the letter s to the end of a word stem. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Quadriceps_femoris_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus quadriceps femoris" RELATED [BTO:0001149]
synonym: "musculus quadriceps femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Quadriceps_femoris_muscle]
synonym: "quadricep muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001149]
synonym: "quadriceps" EXACT []
synonym: "quadriceps femoris muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "quadriceps muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001149]
synonym: "quadriceps muscle of the thigh" RELATED [BTO:0001149]
synonym: "quadriceps muscle of thigh" RELATED [BTO:0001149]
xref: BTO:0001149
xref: EFO:0001938
xref: EHDAA2:0001583
xref: EHDAA:8299
xref: EMAPA:19073
xref: EMAPA:19146
xref: FMA:22428
xref: galen:QuadricepsFemoris
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
xref: MA:0002363
xref: ncithesaurus:Quadriceps_Muscle_of_the_Thigh
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjd-JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: VHOG:0000828
is_a: UBERON:0003663 ! hindlimb muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000979 {source="dbpedia", notes="tibial tuberosity"} ! tibia
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001378 {notes="combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles", source="dbpedia"} ! rectus femoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001378
name: rectus femoris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22430-MA_0002365
def: "The Rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. (The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius, and the vastus lateralis. All four combine to form the quadriceps tendon, which inserts into the patella and continues as the patellar ligament. ) The Rectus femoris is situated in the middle of the front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight down to the deep aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Rectus_femoris_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus rectos femoris" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001564
xref: FMA:22430
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rectus_femoris.png/200px-Rectus_femoris.png
xref: MA:0002365
xref: ncithesaurus:Rectus_Femoris
xref: SCTID:181679006
is_a: UBERON:0003663 ! hindlimb muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002463 {source="dbpedia"} ! hamstring muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001269 {notes="anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum", source="dbpedia"} ! acetabular part of hip bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001377 ! quadriceps femoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001379
name: vastus lateralis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22431-MA_0002402
def: "The Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus) is the largest part of the Quadriceps femoris. It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this aponeurosis covers the upper three-fourths of the muscle, and from its deep surface many fibers take origin. A few additional fibers arise from the tendon of the Glutľus maximus, and from the lateral intermuscular septum between the Vastus lateralis and short head of the Biceps femoris. The fibers form a large fleshy mass, which is attached to a strong aponeurosis, placed on the deep surface of the lower part of the muscle: this aponeurosis becomes contracted and thickened into a flat tendon inserted into the lateral border of the patella, blending with the Quadriceps femoris tendon, and giving an expansion to the capsule of the knee-joint. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vastus_lateralis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateralis" BROAD []
synonym: "vastus externus" RELATED [BTO:0001563]
xref: BTO:0001563
xref: EFO:0001937
xref: FMA:22431
xref: galen:VastusLateralis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
xref: MA:0002402
xref: ncithesaurus:Vastus_Lateralis
is_a: UBERON:0003663 ! hindlimb muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001377 ! quadriceps femoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001380
name: vastus medialis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22432-MA_0002403
def: "The vastus medialis, often called the 'teardrop' muscle, is a medially located muscle of the quadriceps. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vastus_medialis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "medialis" BROAD []
xref: BTO:0004913
xref: FMA:22432
xref: galen:VastusMedialis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vastus_medialis.png/200px-Vastus_medialis.png
xref: MA:0002403
is_a: UBERON:0003663 ! hindlimb muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002446 {source="dbpedia"} ! patella
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia"} ! femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001377 ! quadriceps femoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001381
name: semimembranosus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22438-MA_0002371
def: "The semimembranosus is a muscle in the back of the thigh. It is the most medial of the three hamstring muscles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semimembranosus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus semimembranosus" RELATED [BTO:0003177]
xref: BTO:0003177
xref: FMA:22438
xref: galen:Semimembranosus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Semimembranosus_muscle.PNG/200px-Semimembranosus_muscle.PNG
xref: MA:0002371
xref: ncithesaurus:Semimembranosus
is_a: UBERON:0003663 ! hindlimb muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001382
name: pectineus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22440-MA_0002353
def: "An adductor muscle that attaches to the pelvic bone and the femur. In humans, The pectineus muscle is a flat, quadrangular muscle, situated at the anterior part of the upper and medial aspect of the thigh. It can be classified in the medial compartment of thigh (when the function is emphasized) or the anterior compartment of thigh (when the nerve is emphasized). [WP,generalized]." [Wikipedia:Pectineus_muscle]
comment: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the lateral border of the ilium and the anterior margin of the pubis. It inserts on the ventral surface of the femoral shaft." [AAO:0010036]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "M. pectineus" EXACT [AAO:0010036]
synonym: "musculus pectineus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pectineus_muscle]
synonym: "pectineus muscle" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010036
xref: FMA:22440
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG/200px-Anterior_Hip_Muscles_2.PNG
xref: MA:0002353
xref: ncithesaurus:Pectineus
is_a: UBERON:0004252 ! hindlimb stylopod muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011144 {source="Wikipedia"} ! adductor muscle of hip
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000981 {source="dbpedia"} ! femur
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {notes="pectineal line - superior pubic ramus", source="dbpedia"} ! pubis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001383
name: muscle of leg
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22471-MA_0000672
def: "." [Wikipedia:Leg_muscle]
comment: Terminology notes: see notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible confusion over the term 'leg'.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "leg muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "leg muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of hindlimb zeugopod or stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "muscle of upper/lower leg" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000722
xref: MA:0000672
is_a: UBERON:0003663 ! hindlimb muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001385
name: tibialis anterior
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22532-MA_0002395
def: "In human anatomy, the tibialis anterior is a muscle that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. Its acts to invert the foot. It is situated on the lateral side of the tibia; it is thick and fleshy above, tendinous below. This muscle overlaps the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve in the upper part of the leg. [WP,unvetted]. The M. tibialis cranialis is a muscle that flexes the tarsometatarsus. It originates on the craniodistal aspect of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus and inserts on the cranial surface of the tarsometarsus[EvoWiki]." [http://evolutionwiki.org/wiki/M._tibialis_cranialis, Wikipedia:Tibialis_anterior_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior tibialis" RELATED [BTO:0001382]
synonym: "ibialis anticus" RELATED [BTO:0001382]
synonym: "musculus tibialis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tibialis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "tibialis anterior muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001382]
synonym: "tibialis cranialis" EXACT [MA:0002395]
synonym: "tibilais cranialis" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001382
xref: EFO:0001385
xref: FMA:22532
xref: galen:TibialisAnterior
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray1240.png/200px-Gray1240.png
xref: MA:0002395
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibialis_Cranialis
xref: SCTID:181696007
is_a: UBERON:0008230 ! tibialis
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001388 {source="dbpedia"} ! gastrocnemius
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001389 {source="dbpedia"} ! soleus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001667 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibialis posterior
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001448 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot"} ! metatarsal bone
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010721 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot"} ! distal tarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001386
name: extensor digitorum longus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22534-MA_0002295
def: "The Extensor digitorum longus is a pennate muscle, situated at the lateral part of the front of the leg. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "extensor digitorum longus muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000436]
synonym: "musculus extensor digitorum longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_longus_muscle]
xref: BTO:0000436
xref: FMA:22534
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray1241.png/200px-Gray1241.png
xref: MA:0002295
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Digitorum_Longus
is_a: UBERON:0000311 {source="BTO"} ! extensor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003221 {source="dbpedia", notes="Dorsal surface; middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits"} ! phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000979 {notes="Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane", source="dbpedia"} ! tibia
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {notes="Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane", source="dbpedia"} ! fibula
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0009991 {notes="Anterior lateral condyle of tibia anterior shaft of fibula and superior of interosseous membrane", source="dbpedia"} ! lateral condyle of tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001387
name: fibularis longus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22539-MA_0002356
def: "In human anatomy, the peroneus longus (also known as fibularis longus) is a superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle. It is situated at the upper part of the lateral side of the leg, and is the most superficial of the three peroneus muscles. It is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fibularis longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
synonym: "fibularis longus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
synonym: "musculus peroneus longus" EXACT [FMA:22539, FMA:TA]
synonym: "peronaei longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
synonym: "peronaeus longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
synonym: "peroneous longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
synonym: "peroneus longus" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneus longus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneus longus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_longus]
xref: FMA:22539
xref: galen:PeroneusLongus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Gray1240.png/200px-Gray1240.png
xref: MA:0002356
xref: ncithesaurus:Peroneus_Longus
xref: SCTID:361825008
is_a: UBERON:0009132 ! peroneus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001385 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibialis anterior
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001452 {source="dbpedia"} ! distal tarsal bone 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia"} ! fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001388
name: gastrocnemius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22541-MA_0002306
def: "In humans, the gastrocnemius muscle is a very powerful superficial muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg and also called the calf. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing, walking, running and jumping. Along with the soleus muscle it forms the calf muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Gastrocnemius_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gastrocnemius muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000506]
synonym: "m.gastrocnemius" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus gastrocnemius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gastrocnemius_muscle]
xref: BTO:0000506
xref: EFO:0001413
xref: EHDAA2:0000701
xref: EHDAA:8293
xref: FMA:22541
xref: galen:Gastrocnemius
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Gastrocnemius.png/200px-Gastrocnemius.png
xref: MA:0002306
xref: ncithesaurus:Gastrocnemius_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181700004
xref: VHOG:0001193
is_a: UBERON:0004256 ! hindlimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001385 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibialis anterior
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001450 {notes="tendo calcaneus into mid-posteior calcaneus", source="dbpedia"} ! calcaneus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003701 {notes="tendo calcaneus into mid-posteior calcaneus", source="dbpedia"} ! achilles tendon
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0009984 {notes="superior to articular surfaces of lateral condyle of femur and medial condyle of femur", source="dbpedia"} ! medial condyle of femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001665 {source="FMA"} ! triceps surae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001389
name: soleus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22542-MA_0002424
def: "a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf). It runs from just below the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing and walking. It is closely connected to the gastrocnemius muscle and some anatomists consider them to be a single muscle, the triceps surae. Its name is derived from the solefish whose shape it resembles. The soleus is located in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg. Not all mammals have a soleus muscle; one familiar species that lacks the soleus is the dog." [Wikipedia:Soleus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "soleus muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001265]
xref: BTO:0001265
xref: EFO:0001946
xref: FMA:22542
xref: galen:Soleus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
xref: MA:0002424
xref: ncithesaurus:Soleus
xref: SCTID:181702007
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:9611
is_a: UBERON:0004256 ! hindlimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001385 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibialis anterior
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003701 {source="dbpedia"} ! achilles tendon
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia", notes="fibula medial border of tibia"} ! fibula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001665 ! triceps surae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001391
name: popliteus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22590-MA_0002554
def: "The popliteus muscle in the leg is used to unlock the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during a closed chain movement (such as one with the foot in contact with the ground). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Popliteus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "m.popliteus" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus popliteus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Popliteus_muscle]
synonym: "popliteal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "popliteus muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:22590
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gray439.png/200px-Gray439.png
xref: MA:0002554
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0009980 {notes="middle facet of the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle", source="dbpedia"} ! condyle of femur
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000979 {notes="posterior-medial tibia under the tibial condyles", source="dbpedia"} ! tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001392
name: flexor hallucis longus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22593-MA_0002301
def: "The Flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL) is a muscle of the leg. It is one of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. The other deep muscles of the leg are flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior. FHL is the largest and most powerful of these deep muscles. The Flexor hallucis longus is situated on the fibular side of the leg. It arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the body of the fibula, with the exception of 2.5 cm. at its lowest part; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; from an intermuscular septum between it and the Peronľi, laterally, and from the fascia covering the Tibialis posterior, medially. The fibers pass obliquely downward and backward, and end in a tendon which occupies nearly the whole length of the posterior surface of the muscle. This tendon lies in a groove which crosses the posterior surface of the lower end of the tibia, the posterior surface of the talus, and the under surface of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus; in the sole of the foot it runs forward between the two heads of the Flexor hallucis brevis, and is inserted into the base of the last phalanx of the great toe. The grooves on the talus and calcaneus, which contain the tendon of the muscle, are converted by tendinous fibers into distinct canals, lined by a mucous sheath. As the tendon passes forward in the sole of the foot, it is situated above, and crosses from the lateral to the medial side of the tendon of the Flexor digitorum longus, to which it is connected by a fibrous slip. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "flexor hallucis longus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_longus_muscle]
xref: FMA:22593
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray442.png/200px-Gray442.png
xref: MA:0002301
xref: ncithesaurus:Flexor_Hallucis_Longus
is_a: UBERON:0000366 ! flexor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004315 {notes="Plantar surface; base of distal phalanx of hallux", source="dbpedia"} ! distal phalanx of foot digit 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {notes="fibula posterior aspect of middle 1/3", source="dbpedia"} ! fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001400
name: iliocostalis thoracis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22703-MA_0002320
def: "The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis_thoracis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22703
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Iliostalis.png/200px-Iliostalis.png
xref: MA:0002320
is_a: UBERON:0002251 ! iliocostalis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001401
name: longissimus thoracis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22709-MA_0002339
def: "The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longissimus#Longissimus_thoracis]
comment: Editor's note: TODO - add logical definition to determine if AAO class belongs here
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "longissimus dorsi" RELATED [BTO:0001651]
synonym: "musculus longissimus thoracis" RELATED [BTO:0001651]
xref: AAO:0010775
xref: BTO:0001651
xref: FMA:22709
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png
xref: MA:0002339
xref: ncithesaurus:Longissimus_Thoracis
is_a: UBERON:0000392 {source="FMA"} ! longissimus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001402
name: longissimus cervicis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22711-MA_0002337
def: "The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longissimus#Longissimus_cervicis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus longissimus cervicis" RELATED [BTO:0001650]
xref: BTO:0001650
xref: FMA:22711
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png
xref: MA:0002337
xref: ncithesaurus:Longissimus_Cervicis
is_a: UBERON:0000392 ! longissimus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001403
name: longissimus capitis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22714-MA_0002336
def: "The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longissimus#Longissimus_capitis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus longissimus capitis" RELATED [BTO:0001649]
synonym: "trachelomastoid muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001649]
xref: BTO:0001649
xref: FMA:22714
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Longissimus.png/200px-Longissimus.png
xref: MA:0002336
xref: ncithesaurus:Longissimus_Capitis
is_a: UBERON:0000392 ! longissimus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001405
name: spinalis thoracis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22765-MA_0002381
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:22765
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Spinalis.png/200px-Spinalis.png
xref: MA:0002381
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinalis_Thoracis
xref: SCTID:244863005
is_a: UBERON:0011013 {source="FMA"} ! spinalis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001407
name: semispinalis thoracis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22828-MA_0002374
def: "The Semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length. It arises by a series of small tendons from the transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebrľ, and is inserted, by tendons, into the spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus semispinalis thoracis, musculus semispinalis dorsi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi]
synonym: "semispinalis dorsi" EXACT [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi]
synonym: "semispinalis dorsi muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_dorsi]
xref: FMA:22828
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Semispinalis.png/200px-Semispinalis.png
xref: MA:0002374
xref: ncithesaurus:Semispinalis_Thoracis
is_a: UBERON:0011017 {source="FMA"} ! semispinalis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001076 {notes="spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae", source="dbpedia"} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebre"} ! transverse process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001408
name: semispinalis cervicis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22829-MA_0002373
def: "The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebrľ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive. The fasciculus connected with the axis is the largest, and is chiefly muscular in structure. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_cervicis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus semispinalis cervicis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_cervicis]
xref: FMA:22829
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gray384.png/200px-Gray384.png
xref: MA:0002373
xref: ncithesaurus:Semispinalis_Cervicis
is_a: UBERON:0011017 {source="FMA"} ! semispinalis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002413 {source="dbpedia", notes="cervical spinous processes from the axis to the fifth"} ! cervical vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebrĚ?"} ! transverse process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001409
name: semispinalis capitis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_22830-MA_0002372
def: "The Semispinalis capitis (Complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the Splenius, and medial to the Longissimus cervicis and capitis. It arises by a series of tendons from the tips of the transverse processes of the upper six or seven thoracic and the seventh cervical vertebrľ, and from the articular processes of the three cervical above this. The tendons, uniting, form a broad muscle, which passes upward, and is inserted between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone. The medial part, usually more or less distinct from the remainder of the muscle, is frequently termed the Spinalis capitis; it is also named the Biventer cervicis since it is traversed by an imperfect tendinous inscription. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_capitis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus semispinalis capitis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_capitis]
xref: FMA:22830
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gray384.png/200px-Gray384.png
xref: MA:0002372
xref: ncithesaurus:Semispinalis_Capitis
is_a: UBERON:0011017 {source="FMA"} ! semispinalis
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {notes="Transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna", source="dbpedia"} ! transverse process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001423
name: radius bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23463-MA_0001357
def: "The radius is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size. It is a long bone, prism-shaped and slightly curved longitudinally. The radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus, the radial notch and the head of the ulna. The corresponding bone in the lower leg is the tibia.." [Wikipedia:Radius_(bone)]
comment: In four-legged animals, the radius is the main load-bearing bone of the lower forelimb. Its structure is similar in most terrestrial tetrapods, but it may be fused with the ulna in some mammals (such as horses) and reduced or modified in animals with flippers or vestigial forelimbs [ISBN:0-03-910284-X]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "radius" EXACT [MA:0001357]
xref: AAO:0000788
xref: EMAPA:18466
xref: EMAPA:19103
xref: FMA:23463
xref: GAID:185
xref: galen:Radius
xref: MA:0001357
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087.702
xref: ncithesaurus:Radius_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwUsDcZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181940002
xref: VSAO:0005012
is_a: UBERON:0003466 ! lower arm bone
is_a: UBERON:0003607 ! forelimb long bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006286 {evidence="definitional"} ! radius cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 {source="VSAO"} ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001424
name: ulna
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23466-MA_0001358
def: "The ulna is a long bone, prismatic in form. In anatomical position the ulna is placed at the medial side of the forearm closest to the body, parallel with the radius on both arms. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ulna]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: AAO:0000789
xref: EMAPA:18467
xref: EMAPA:19104
xref: FMA:23466
xref: GAID:188
xref: galen:Ulna
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Illu_upper_extremity.jpg/200px-Illu_upper_extremity.jpg
xref: MA:0001358
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087.911
xref: ncithesaurus:Ulna
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwPtIM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181948009
xref: VSAO:0005013
is_a: UBERON:0003466 ! lower arm bone
is_a: UBERON:0003607 ! forelimb long bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006306 {evidence="definitional"} ! ulna cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 {source="VSAO"} ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001427
name: scaphoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23709-MA_0002555
def: "The scaphoid Bone is situated at the radial (radius bone) side of the carpus, or laterally between the hand and the forearm in standard medical posture (thumbs pointing outwards). The scaphoid bone is the largest bone of the proximal row of wrist bones, its long axis being from above downward, lateralward, and forward. It is approximately the size and shape of a medium sized cashew. The bone takes a semi-similar form of a boat. In reptiles, birds, and amphibians, this bone is instead commonly referred to as the radiale, because of its articulation with the radius. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scaphoid]
comment: todo - check AAO placement; in rodents this is fused with the lunate to make the scapholunate
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "navicular bone of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "navicular of hand" RELATED []
synonym: "os carpi radiale" EXACT []
synonym: "os naviculare manus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scaphoid_bone]
synonym: "os scaphoideum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scaphoid_bone]
synonym: "radial carpal bone" RELATED []
synonym: "radiale" RELATED [AAO:0000790, Wikipedia:Scaphoid]
synonym: "scaphoid bone" EXACT []
synonym: "scaphoideum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scaphoid_bone]
xref: AAO:0000790
xref: FMA:23709
xref: GAID:180
xref: galen:Scaphoid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png
xref: MA:0002555
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087.144.650
xref: ncithesaurus:Scaphoid_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAwWe5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181958008
is_a: UBERON:0001480 ! proximal carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001428
name: lunate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23712-MA_0002556
def: "The lunate bone (semilunar bone) is a carpal bone (wrist bone) in the human hand that may be distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. It is situated in the center of the proximal row of the carpus (wrist) region between the fore arm and hand (manus). In standard medical posture, the lunate carpal bone is situated between the lateral Scaphoid bone and medial Triquetral bone. The lunate carpal bone straddles distally the bordering ulna and radius bones and proximally to distal carpus (wrist) Trapezium bone and Trapezoid bone[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lunate_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: articulating with the ulnare and the radiale[VSAO}. human articulations: radius proximally capitate and hamate distally scaphoid laterally triangular medially
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intermediate carpal bone" RELATED []
synonym: "lunar" EXACT [VSAO:0005040]
synonym: "lunate bone" EXACT []
synonym: "os carpi intermedium" EXACT []
synonym: "os lunatum" EXACT [VSAO:0005040]
synonym: "os lunatum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lunate_bone]
synonym: "semilunar" RELATED []
synonym: "semilunar bone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:23712
xref: GAID:181
xref: galen:Lunate
xref: MA:0002556
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087.144.663
xref: ncithesaurus:Lunate_Bone
xref: SCTID:181959000
xref: VSAO:0005040
is_a: UBERON:0001480 {source="FMA"} ! proximal carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001429
name: pisiform
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23718-MA_0001339
def: "The pisiform bone (also called pisiform or lentiform bone) is a small knobbly, pea-shaped wrist bone. The pisiform bone is found in the proximal row of the carpus. It is located where the ulna (inner bone of the forearm when in anatomical position) joins the carpus (wrist). It articulates only with the triquetral. It is a sesamoid bone. The pisiform bone may be known by its small size, and by its presenting a single articular facet. It is situated on a plane anterior to the other carpal bones and is spheroidal in form. The etymology derives from the Latin p?sum which means 'pea.' [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pisiform_bone]
comment: todo - classify as sesamoid?
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "accessory carpal bone" RELATED [MA:0001339]
synonym: "os pisiforme" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pisiform_bone]
synonym: "pisiform bone" EXACT [FMA:23718]
xref: FMA:23718
xref: galen:Pisiform
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png
xref: MA:0001339
xref: ncithesaurus:Pisiform_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvtByTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:9181003
is_a: UBERON:0001480 {source="FMA", source="MA"} ! proximal carpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0007997 ! sesamoid bone of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001430
name: distal carpal bone 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23721-MA_0001340
def: "." [Wikipedia:Trapezium_(bone)]
comment: Taxon notes: located between radiale and first metacarpal[VSAO]. in humans - The capitate articulates with 1st metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezoid medially, 2nd metacarpal medially[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "carpal 1" RELATED [AAO:0010634]
synonym: "distal carpal 1" EXACT [VSAO:0005043]
synonym: "greater multangular bone" EXACT []
synonym: "greater multiangular" RELATED [MA:0001340]
synonym: "hand distal carpal bone 1" RELATED [MA:0001340]
synonym: "os trapezium" EXACT [VSAO:0005043]
synonym: "trapezial bone" EXACT [FMA:23721]
synonym: "trapezium" EXACT [VSAO:0005043]
synonym: "trapezium bone" EXACT [FMA:23721]
xref: AAO:0010634
xref: FMA:23721
xref: galen:Trapezium
xref: MA:0001340
xref: ncithesaurus:Trapezial_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv3CbrJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:361780007
xref: VSAO:0005043
is_a: UBERON:0001481 {source="FMA"} ! distal carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001431
name: distal carpal bone 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23724-MA_0001341
def: "." [Wikipedia:Trapezoid_(bone)]
comment: Taxon notes: located in the distal part of the carpus and articulating with the second metacarpal, the distal carpals 1 and 2 and the radiale.[VSAO] in humans - The capitate articulates with 2nd metacarpal distally, scaphoid proximally, trapezium medially, capitate medially[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates with the prepollex, metacarpal II(I) and metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to element Y or carpal 3(2)[AAO]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "carpal 2" RELATED [AAO:0000848]
synonym: "distal carpal 2" EXACT [VSAO:0005044]
synonym: "hand distal carpal bone 2" RELATED [MA:0001341]
synonym: "lesser multangular bone" EXACT [FMA:23724]
synonym: "lesser multiangular" RELATED [MA:0001341]
synonym: "os trapezoideum" EXACT [VSAO:0005044]
synonym: "trapezoid" EXACT [VSAO:0005044]
synonym: "trapezoid bone" EXACT [FMA:23724]
xref: AAO:0000848
xref: FMA:23724
xref: galen:Trapezoid
xref: MA:0001341
xref: ncithesaurus:Trapezoid_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVvsjpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvxNWBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:361781006
xref: VSAO:0005044
is_a: UBERON:0001481 ! distal carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001432
name: distal carpal bone 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23727-MA_0001342
def: "." [Wikipedia:Capitate_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: medially located and articulates with metacarpals 2-4, distal carpal 5 and the intermedium[VSAO] In the human hand, the capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist - The capitate articulates with seven bones: the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the second metacarpal, third metacarpal, and fourth metacarpal distally, the lesser multangular on the radial side, and the hamate on the ulnar side[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal III(II). It may be fused to carpals 2(1), 4(3), 5(4), or other elements[AAO]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "capitate" EXACT [MA:0001342]
synonym: "capitate bone" EXACT [FMA:23727]
synonym: "carpal 3" RELATED [AAO:0000849]
synonym: "distal carpal 3" EXACT [VSAO:0005045]
synonym: "hand distal carpal bone 3" RELATED [MA:0001342]
synonym: "magnum" RELATED [VSAO:0005045]
synonym: "os capitatum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Capitate_bone]
synonym: "os magnum" RELATED []
synonym: "os magnum (carpus)" EXACT [FMA:23727]
xref: AAO:0000849
xref: FMA:23727
xref: galen:Capitate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png
xref: MA:0001342
xref: ncithesaurus:Capitate_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZFPrZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181964001
xref: VSAO:0005045
is_a: UBERON:0001481 {source="FMA"} ! distal carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001433
name: distal carpal bone 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23730-MA_0001343
def: "." [Wikipedia:Hamate_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: articulates with the lunar, distal carpal 3, the ulnare as well as metacarpals 4 and 5.[VSAO]. In the human hand the lunate proximally the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally the triangular medially the capitate laterally[WP] Amphibians: Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(III). It may be fused to carpal 3(2), 5(4), or other elements[AAO]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "carpal 4" RELATED [AAO:0000850]
synonym: "distal carpal 4" EXACT [VSAO:0005046]
synonym: "hamate" EXACT [MA:0001343]
synonym: "hamate bone" EXACT [FMA:23730]
synonym: "hand distal carpal bone 4" RELATED [MA:0001343]
synonym: "os hamatum" RELATED [VSAO:0005046]
synonym: "os hamatum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hamate_bone]
synonym: "unciform" RELATED [MA:0001343]
synonym: "unciform bone" EXACT [FMA:23730]
synonym: "uncinate" RELATED [MA:0001343]
xref: AAO:0000850
xref: FMA:23730
xref: galen:Hamate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png
xref: MA:0001343
xref: ncithesaurus:Hamate_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwFTmuJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181967008
xref: VSAO:0005046
is_a: UBERON:0001481 {source="FMA"} ! distal carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001434
name: skeletal system
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23875-FMA_23881-MA_0000018-MIAA_0000032-XAO_0003060-ZFA_0000434
def: "Organ system subdivision which consists of the skeleton and the articular system.[FMA]" [AAO:0000566, FMA:FMA]
comment: Note that GO defines skeletal system very generically: The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton) GO:0001501; however, all annotations are to vertebrates
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "set of all bones and joints" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "skeleton system" EXACT []
synonym: "Skelettsystem" RELATED [BTO:0001486]
xref: AAO:0000566
xref: BTO:0001486
xref: EFO:0000806
xref: EHDAA2:0003168
xref: FMA:23881
xref: MA:0000018
xref: ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0000434
xref: VHOG:0001254
xref: VSAO:0000027
xref: XAO:0003060
xref: ZFA:0000434
property_value: "spatially_disjoint_from" UBERON:0001016
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001435
name: carpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23889-MA_0000296
def: "A bone that is part of the carpal skeleton. Examples: scaphoid, lunate, capitate[cjm]. In tetrapods, the carpals is the sole cluster of the bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically, horizontally and laterally. In human anatomy, the main role of the carpus is to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, but the mobility of individual carpal bones increase the freedom of movements at the wrist. [WP,unvetted]." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Carpus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bone of carpus" EXACT []
synonym: "carpal skeleton bone" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:25056
xref: FMA:23889
xref: GAID:179
xref: galen:CarpalBone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Carpus.svg/200px-Carpus.svg.png
xref: MA:0000296
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087.144
xref: ncithesaurus:Carpal_Bone
xref: SCTID:83936004
is_a: UBERON:0003656 ! mesopodium bone
is_a: UBERON:0005897 ! hand bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006213 ! carpus cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001436
name: phalanx of finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_23914-MA_0000306
def: "A phalanx that is part of a forelimb autopod[Obol]." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "digitus manus phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand phalanx" EXACT [MA:0000306]
synonym: "phalanges of fore digit" RELATED PLURAL [AAO:0000947]
synonym: "phalanx of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of fore digit" EXACT []
synonym: "phalanx of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of manus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000947
xref: FMA:23914
xref: http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/3/613/F1.large.jpg
xref: MA:0000306
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:181976001
is_a: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003607 ! forelimb long bone
is_a: UBERON:0004249 ! hand digit bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010686 ! finger phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010688 ! skeleton of anterior acropodium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001437
name: epiphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24012-ZFA_0000019
def: "Subdivision of long bone which forms its expanded proximal or distal articular end; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: proximal epiphysis of humerus, distal epiphysis of femur.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Epiphysis]
comment: see also: annular epiphysis
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "end of long bone" EXACT []
synonym: "epiphyses" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "long bone epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000742
xref: BTO:0000413
xref: FMA:24012
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Illu_long_bone.jpg/200px-Illu_long_bone.jpg
xref: MA:0001362
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.251
xref: ncithesaurus:Long_Bone_Epiphysis
xref: SCTID:244701002
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001438
name: metaphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24014-MA_0001363
def: "Subdivision of diaphysis which forms the proximal or distal end of diaphysis next to the epiphysis; together with diaphysis proper, it constitutes the diaphysis. Examples: proximal metaphysis of humerus, distal metaphysis of femur.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Metaphysis]
comment: adjacent to or containing epiphyseal plate? Note in FMA the metaphysis is part of the diaphysis, but not in MA. In the diagram in WP, it appears to be adjacent, not part_of.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "diaphyseal end of long bone" EXACT []
synonym: "long bone metaphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "metaphyses" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: FMA:24014
xref: MA:0001363
xref: ncithesaurus:Metaphysis
xref: SCTID:304581004
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001439
name: compact bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24018-MA_0001461
def: "one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compact/Cortical bone facilitates bone's main functions: to support the body, protect organs, provide levers for movement, and store and release chemical elements, mainly calcium. As its name implies, cortical bone forms the cortex, or outer shell, of most bones. Again, as its name implies, compact bone is much denser than cancellous bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue. Furthermore, it is harder, stronger and stiffer than cancellous bone. Cortical bone contributes about 80% of the weight of a human skeleton. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cortical bone is the osteon.." [Wikipedia:Compact_bone]
comment: MP distinguishes compact/cortical bone. in other AOs they are syns
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bony cortex" EXACT [HP:0002753]
synonym: "compact bone tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "cortical bone" EXACT []
synonym: "cortical bone tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "cortical region of bone" EXACT []
synonym: "substantia compacta (pars ossea)" EXACT []
synonym: "substantia corticalis" EXACT [FMA:24018, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:24018
xref: galen:CorticalBone
xref: MA:0001461
xref: ncithesaurus:Cortical_Bone
xref: SCTID:361728003
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
disjoint_from: UBERON:0002483 ! trabecular bone tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002482 ! lamellar bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001440
name: forelimb skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24139-MA_0000612
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a forelimb region. Excludes the pectoral girdle" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: TODO - find a home for: FMA:24139
synonym: "bones of upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "fore limb skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "forelimb skeleton" EXACT [VHOG:0001256]
synonym: "ossa membri superioris" EXACT [FMA:24139, FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of bones of upper limb" EXACT []
synonym: "skeleton of upper limb" EXACT [FMA:24139]
synonym: "upper limb skeleton" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000202
xref: EHDAA2:0002222
xref: FMA:24142
xref: VHOG:0001256
xref: VSAO:0000151
xref: XAO:0003061
is_a: UBERON:0004381 ! skeleton of limb
is_a: UBERON:0007272 ! pectoral appendage skeleton
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001441
name: hindlimb skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24140-MA_0000670
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb region." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: TOOD - find a home for: FMA:24140
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "bones of lower limb" EXACT []
synonym: "hind limb skeleton" EXACT [XAO:0003062]
synonym: "hindlimb skeleton" EXACT [VHOG:0001255]
synonym: "lower limb skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "ossa membri inferioris" EXACT [FMA:24140, FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of bones of lower limb" EXACT []
synonym: "skeleton of lower limb" EXACT [FMA:24140]
xref: AAO:0000217
xref: EHDAA2:0002226
xref: FMA:24144
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZcKkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: VHOG:0001255
xref: VSAO:0000152
xref: XAO:0003062
is_a: UBERON:0004381 ! skeleton of limb
is_a: UBERON:0007273 ! pelvic appendage skeleton
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001442
name: skeleton of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24159-MA_0000619
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a hand; here 'hand' includes both the wrist region and hand proper." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "anterior autopodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005020, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "anterior autopodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "bones of hand" EXACT [FMA:24159]
synonym: "fore autopod skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "forelimb autopod skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "hand region skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002227]
synonym: "hand skeleton" EXACT [FMA:24159]
synonym: "manus" RELATED [VSAO:0005020, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "manus skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "ossa manus" EXACT [FMA:24159, FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of bones of hand" EXACT [FMA:24159]
xref: EHDAA2:0002227
xref: FMA:24159
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdHPJJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: VSAO:0005020
is_a: UBERON:0006717 ! skeleton of autopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 {source="EHDAA2"} ! forelimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001445
name: skeleton of foot
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24222-MA_0000643
def: "Subdivision of skeleton that is the collection of all skeletal elements in a foot; here 'foot' includes both the ankle region and foot proper." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "foot region skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002228]
synonym: "foot skeleton" EXACT [FMA:24222]
synonym: "pes" RELATED [VSAO:0005021, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "pes skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior autopodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005021, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "posterior autopodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "set of bones of foot" EXACT [FMA:24222]
xref: EHDAA2:0002228
xref: FMA:24222
xref: VSAO:0005021
is_a: UBERON:0006717 ! skeleton of autopod
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hindlimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001446
name: fibula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24479-MA_0001360
def: "The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee-joint, and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia, and forms the lateral part of the ankle-joint. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Fibula]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: AAO:0000891
xref: BTO:0002346
xref: EFO:0003052
xref: EMAPA:18512
xref: EMAPA:19141
xref: FMA:24479
xref: GAID:202
xref: galen:Fibula
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Illu_lower_extremity.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity.jpg
xref: MA:0001360
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.500.321
xref: ncithesaurus:Fibula
xref: SCTID:302529003
is_a: UBERON:0003608 ! hindlimb long bone
is_a: UBERON:0004251 ! lower leg bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001447
name: tarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24491-MA_0000297
def: "A bone that is part of the tarsal skeleton. Examples: calcaneus, talus, centralia." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Ankle_bone]
comment: In primitive tetrapods, such as Trematops, the tarsus consists of three rows of bones. There are three proximal tarsals, the tibiale, intermedium, and fibulare, named for their points of articulation with the bones of the lower limb. These are followed by a second row of four bones, referred to as the centralia (singular: centrale), and then a row of five distal tarsals, each articulating with a single metatarsal. In the great majority of tetrapods, including all of those alive today, this simple pattern is modified by the loss and fusion of various of the bones.[3] In reptiles and mammals, there are normally just two proximal tarsals, the calcaneus (equivalent to the amphibian fibulare) and the talus (probably derived from a fusion of multiple bones). In mammals, including humans, the talus forms a hinge joint with the tibia, a feature especially well developed in the artiodactyls. The calcaneus is also modified, forming a heel for the attachment of the Achilles tendon. Neither of these adaptations is found in reptiles, which have a relatively simple structure to both bones.[3] The fifth distal tarsal disappears relatively early in evolution, with the remainder becoming the cuneiform and cuboid bones. Reptiles usually retain two centralia, while mammals typically have only one (the navicular).[3] In birds, the tarsus has disappeared, with the proximal tarsals having fused with the tibia, the centralia having disappeared, and the distal bones having fused with the metatarsals to form a single tarsometatarsus bone, effectively giving the leg a third segment[Wikipedia:Tarsus_(skeleton)]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ankle bone" EXACT [FMA:24491]
synonym: "bone of ankle" EXACT [FMA:24491]
synonym: "bone of tarsus" EXACT [FMA:24491]
synonym: "bony tarsus" RELATED [BTO:0002343]
synonym: "hind mesopodium" RELATED [AAO:0000220]
synonym: "ossa tarsalia" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:71339, FMA:TA]
synonym: "ossa tarsi" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:71339, FMA:TA]
synonym: "tarsal" RELATED [BTO:0002343]
synonym: "tarsus osseus" RELATED [BTO:0002343]
xref: BTO:0002343
xref: FMA:24491
xref: GAID:194
xref: galen:TarsalBone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg/200px-Ankle_en.svg.png
xref: MA:0000297
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.300.710
xref: ncithesaurus:Tarsal_Bone
xref: SCTID:108372004
is_a: UBERON:0003656 ! mesopodium bone
is_a: UBERON:0005899 ! foot bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010541 ! tarsus cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001448
name: metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24492-MA_0000303
def: "The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (side of big toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Metatarsal_bone]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "ossa metatarsalia" RELATED [BTO:0002347]
synonym: "ossa metatarsi" RELATED [BTO:0002347]
xref: BTO:0002347
xref: FMA:24492
xref: GAID:193
xref: galen:Metatarsal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png
xref: MA:0000303
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.300.492
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone
xref: SCTID:302532000
is_a: UBERON:0003608 ! hindlimb long bone
is_a: UBERON:0003821 ! metacarpal/metatarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0005899 ! foot bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010545 ! metatarsus skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001449
name: phalanx of toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0004272
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24493-MA_0000305
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hindlimb autopod[Obol]." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "digitus pedis phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot phalanx" EXACT [MA:0000305]
synonym: "phalanges of hind digit" RELATED PLURAL [AAO:0000930]
synonym: "phalanx of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hind digit" EXACT []
synonym: "phalanx of pes" EXACT []
synonym: "toe phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0000930
xref: FMA:24493
xref: MA:0000305
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Phalanx
xref: ncithesaurus:Phalanx_of_the_Foot
xref: SCTID:302533005
is_a: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003608 ! hindlimb long bone
is_a: UBERON:0004248 ! foot digit bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010685 ! toe phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010696 ! skeleton of posterior acropodium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001450
name: calcaneus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24496-MA_0001348
def: "In humans, the calcaneus or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitute the heel. In some other animals, it is the point of the hock. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Calcaneus]
comment: AAO: One of two element that constitute the basal row of tarsals. The fibulare constitutes the preaxial element. In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the tibiale.[AAO:0000913]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "astragalus" RELATED HOMOLOGY [AAO:0000913]
synonym: "calcaneal bone" EXACT [BTO:0002355]
synonym: "calcaneum" EXACT [MA:0001348]
synonym: "fibulare" RELATED HOMOLOGY [AAO:0000913]
synonym: "fibulare" RELATED [AAO:0000913, VSAO:0005016, Wikipedia:Calcaneus]
synonym: "Os calcis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Calcaneus]
synonym: "os calcis" EXACT [FMA:24496]
synonym: "os tarsi fibulare" RELATED [BTO:0002355]
xref: AAO:0000913
xref: BTO:0002355
xref: EMAPA:18501
xref: EMAPA:19134
xref: FMA:24496
xref: galen:Calcaneum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Subtalar_Joint.PNG/200px-Subtalar_Joint.PNG
xref: MA:0001348
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.300.710.300
xref: ncithesaurus:Calcaneum
xref: SCTID:182099002
xref: VSAO:0005016
is_a: UBERON:0001447 {source="FMA"} ! tarsal bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010842 ! calcaneum cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001451
name: navicular bone of foot
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24499-MA_0001349
def: "The navicular bone is one of the tarsal bones, found in the foot. It is located on the medial side of the foot, and articulates proximally with the talus, distally with the three cuneiform bones, and occasionally laterally with the cuboid[WP]." [Wikipedia:Navicular_bone]
comment: taxon notes: connections vary depending on species. AAO: Oval tarsal element that is located on the center of the mesopodium. It articulates with all other elements of the tarsus except tarsal 5. In humans: there is a cuboid instead of distal tarsal 4 and 5 - may articulate laterally with the cuboid[WP]. TODO - add correct VSAO xref (currently broken)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "central tarsal bone" RELATED []
synonym: "centrale" RELATED []
synonym: "centrale (hind)" EXACT [AAO:0000924]
synonym: "navicular" EXACT []
synonym: "navicular of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "os naviculare" EXACT [FMA:24499, FMA:TA]
synonym: "os naviculare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Navicular_bone]
synonym: "os naviculare pedis" EXACT [BTO:0002356]
xref: AAO:0000924
xref: BTO:0002356
xref: FMA:24499
xref: galen:Navicular
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray276.png/200px-Gray276.png
xref: MA:0001349
xref: ncithesaurus:Centralization
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv67esJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182100005
is_a: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0010721 {notes="numbers vary"} ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0002395 ! talus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001452
name: distal tarsal bone 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24518-MA_0001352
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 1." [VSAO:0005052, Wikipedia:Medial_cuneiform_bone]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuneiforme 1" EXACT [VSAO:0005052]
synonym: "distal tarsal 1" EXACT [VSAO:0005052]
synonym: "entocuneiforme" EXACT [VSAO:0005052]
synonym: "first cuneiform bone" EXACT [FMA:24518]
synonym: "foot distal carpal bone 1" RELATED []
synonym: "medial cuneiform" EXACT [FMA:24518]
synonym: "medial cuneiform bone" EXACT [FMA:24518]
synonym: "os cuneiforme mediale" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "os cuneiforme mediale, os cuneiform primum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_cuneiform_bone]
synonym: "os cuneiforme primum" RELATED [BTO:0002360]
synonym: "ossa cuneiforme mediale" RELATED [BTO:0002360]
synonym: "tarsal 1" EXACT [AAO:0000918]
xref: AAO:0000918
xref: BTO:0002360
xref: FMA:24518
xref: galen:MedialCuneiform
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray290.png/200px-Gray290.png
xref: MA:0001352
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvYtfH5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182116007
xref: VSAO:0005052
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003650 ! metatarsal bone of digit 1
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001453
name: distal tarsal bone 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24519-MA_0001353
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 2." [VSAO:0005053, Wikipedia:Intermediate_cuneiform_bone]
comment: The intermediate cuneiform (also known as second cuneiform / middle cuneiform) is shaped like a wedge, the thin end pointing downwards. It is situated between the other two cuneiforms (the medial and lateral cuneiforms), and articulates with the navicular posteriorly, the second metatarsal anteriorly and with the other cuneiforms on either side. [WP,unvetted]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuneiforme 2" EXACT [VSAO:0005053]
synonym: "distal tarsal 2" EXACT [VSAO:0005053]
synonym: "foot distal carpal bone 2" RELATED []
synonym: "intermediate cuneiform" EXACT []
synonym: "mesocuneiforme" EXACT [VSAO:0005053]
synonym: "middle cuneiform" EXACT []
synonym: "os cuneiforme intermedium" RELATED [BTO:0002359]
synonym: "os cuneiforme intermedium, os cuneiforme secundum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Intermediate_cuneiform_bone]
synonym: "os cuneiforme secundum" RELATED [BTO:0002359]
synonym: "second cuneiform bone" EXACT []
synonym: "second cuneiform bone of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "tarsal 2" EXACT [AAO:0000919]
xref: AAO:0000919
xref: BTO:0002359
xref: FMA:24519
xref: galen:IntermediateCuneiform
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png
xref: MA:0001353
xref: SCTID:179512006
xref: VSAO:0005053
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003651 ! metatarsal bone of digit 2
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001454
name: distal tarsal bone 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24520-MA_0001354
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 3." [VSAO:0005054, Wikipedia:Lateral_cuneiform_bone]
comment: The lateral cuneiform (also known as third cuneiform / external cuneiform) intermediate in size between the other two cuneiform bones, is also wedge-shaped, the base being uppermost. It occupies the center of the front row of the tarsal bones, between the second cuneiform medially, the cuboid laterally, the navicular posteriorly and the third metatarsal in front. [WP,unvetted]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuneiforme 3" EXACT [VSAO:0005054]
synonym: "distal tarsal 3" EXACT [VSAO:0005054]
synonym: "ectocuneiforme" EXACT [VSAO:0005054]
synonym: "foor distal carpal bone 3" RELATED []
synonym: "lateral cuneiform" EXACT []
synonym: "lateral cuneiform bone" EXACT [FMA:24520]
synonym: "os cuneiforme laterale" RELATED [BTO:0002358]
synonym: "os cuneiforme laterale, os cuneiforme tertium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_cuneiform_bone]
synonym: "os cuneiforme tertium" RELATED [BTO:0002358]
synonym: "ossa cuneiforme laterale" RELATED [BTO:0002358]
synonym: "tarsal 3" EXACT [AAO:0000920]
synonym: "third cuneiform bone" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000920
xref: BTO:0002358
xref: FMA:24520
xref: galen:LateralCuneiform
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png
xref: MA:0001354
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvoLPu5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182117003
xref: VSAO:0005054
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001455
name: cuboid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_24527-MA_0001355
def: "In the human body, the cuboid bone is one of the seven tarsal bones of the foot. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cuboid_bone]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuboid" EXACT []
synonym: "foot distal carpal bone 4 and 5" RELATED []
synonym: "os cuboideum" EXACT [BTO:0002357]
synonym: "os cuboideum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cuboid_bone]
xref: BTO:0002357
xref: FMA:24527
xref: galen:Cuboid
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Gray274.png/200px-Gray274.png
xref: MA:0001355
xref: ncithesaurus:Cuboid_Bone
xref: SCTID:182101009
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001468
name: intervertebral joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_25511-MA_0001514
def: "The joint between adjacent vertebral bodies. May be composed of the nucleus pulposus, annular ligament, and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=87401]
comment: AO notes: FMA has 'intervertebral joint' as a GAT, and has two distinct classes 'intervertebral symphysis' and 'intervertebral syndesmosis', but note that the latter do not connect the centra
synonym: "inter-centrum joint" EXACT []
synonym: "inter-vertebral joint" EXACT []
synonym: "intervertebral symphysis" EXACT [FMA:25511]
synonym: "joint of vertebral body" EXACT [FMA:25511]
synonym: "vertebral joint" BROAD []
xref: FMA:25511
xref: MA:0001514
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Joint
xref: SCTID:244512000
is_a: UBERON:0002216 {source="FMA"} ! symphysis
relationship: connects UBERON:0001075 {notes="connects successive pairs of centra"} ! body of vertebra
relationship: connects UBERON:0001075 {cardinality="2"} ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 {source="FMA"} ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001469
name: sternoclavicular joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_25883-MA_0001507
def: "The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc. The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle, the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni, and the cartilage of the first rib, visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch. The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the sternum, and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. The ligaments of this joint are: Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulatio sternoclavicularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation]
synonym: "sternoclavicular" BROAD [Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation]
synonym: "sternoclavicular articulation" EXACT [Wikipedia:Sternoclavicular_articulation]
xref: EMAPA:19203
xref: FMA:25883
xref: GAID:270
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gray325.png/200px-Gray325.png
xref: MA:0001507
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.781
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternoclavicular_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv_eLJZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwI-ZZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182165002
is_a: UBERON:0011108 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint of pectoral girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000975 ! sternum
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: connects UBERON:0000975 {notes="clavicular notch of the manubrium sterni"} ! sternum
relationship: connects UBERON:0001105 {notes="sternal end of the clavicle and first rib"} ! clavicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001470
name: glenohumeral joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_25912-MA_0000459
def: "The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint]
comment: AO notes: in FMA, this is part of the bony pectoral girdle, alongside the skeleton of pectoral girdle. Editor notes: note that in this ontology 'glenoid fossa' is a cavity (consistent with FMA) - consider adding a class for the surface of the scapula that is adjacent to this cavity, and making a more explicit connects relationship
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulatio humeri" EXACT [FMA:25912, FMA:TA]
synonym: "articulatio humeri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint]
synonym: "humeral joint" EXACT [FMA:25912]
synonym: "humeroscapular joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Glenohumeral_joint]
synonym: "joint of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "shoulder joint" EXACT [MA:0000459]
xref: EMAPA:19105
xref: FMA:25912
xref: GAID:269
xref: galen:ShoulderJoint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Gray327.png/200px-Gray327.png
xref: MA:0000459
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.748
xref: ncithesaurus:Shoulder_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP32BZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182168000
xref: VHOG:0001002
is_a: UBERON:0008114 ! joint of girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: connects UBERON:0006849 ! scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001474
name: bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_30317-MA_0001459-MIAA_0000299-XAO_0000169-ZFA_0001514
def: "Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue[VSAO]." [VSAO:0000057, Wikipedia:Bone]
comment: Alternate definition: Organ with cavitated organ parts, which primarily consists of compact (cortical) and cancellous bone, which surround bone marrow cavities; together with other bones, cartilages and joints, it constitutes the skeletal system. Examples: femur, sternum, maxilla, vertebra, talus[FMA]
subset: major_organ
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bone element" EXACT [VSAO:0000057]
synonym: "bone organ" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000047
xref: AEO:0000082
xref: BTO:0000140
xref: EFO:0000298
xref: EHDAA2:0003082
xref: ENVO:00002039
xref: EV:0100140
xref: FMA:30317
xref: FMA:5018
xref: GAID:92
xref: galen:Bone
xref: MA:0001459
xref: MAT:0000299
xref: MIAA:0000299
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvViDlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:272673000
xref: TAO:0001514
xref: VHOG:0001190
xref: VSAO:0000057
xref: XAO:0000169
xref: ZFA:0001514
property_value: "spatially_disjoint_from" UBERON:0001015
property_value: "spatially_disjoint_from" UBERON:0001630
property_value: "spatially_disjoint_from" UBERON:0002385
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
disjoint_from: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002481 {source="VSAO"} ! bone tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001476
name: deltoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_32521-MA_0002286
def: "A muscle of shoulder which attaches to the scapula, clavicle and humerus.[FMA]" [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
comment: We use a generic definition that includes the deltoideus as represented in AAO: 'Muscle which originates as three heads, the pars externalis, pars clavicularis, and pars scapularis. The pars externalis originates from the lateral border of the omosternum and inserts on the distal portion of the humerus. The pars clavicularis originates from the ventro-lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The pars scapularis originates from the lateral surface of the clavicle and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus'.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "common shoulder muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
synonym: "deltoid muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
synonym: "deltoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
synonym: "deltoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
synonym: "m. deltoideus" EXACT [AAO:0010716]
synonym: "musculus deltoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus deltoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deltoid_muscle]
xref: AAO:0010716
xref: EFO:0001412
xref: EHDAA2:0000339
xref: EMAPA:18177
xref: FMA:32521
xref: MA:0002286
xref: ncithesaurus:Deltoid
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdc5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181620007
xref: VHOG:0000846
is_a: UBERON:0001482 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of shoulder
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002498 {source="FMA"} ! deltoid tuberosity
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: composed_primarily_of UBERON:0002036 {source="EHDAA2"} ! striated muscle tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006219 {source="EHDAA2"} ! deltoid pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001112 {source="dbpedia"} ! latissimus dorsi
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002498 {notes="deltoid tuberosity of humerus", source="dbpedia"} ! deltoid tuberosity
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001105 {notes="the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula", source="dbpedia"} ! clavicle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001124 {notes="the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula", source="dbpedia"} ! pectoral limb scapula
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002497 {notes="the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion spine of the scapula", source="dbpedia"} ! acromion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001477
name: infraspinatus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_32546-MA_0002323
def: "The Infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa. The infraspinatus is a muscle of the rotator cuff. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Infraspinatus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "infraspinatus" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus infraspinatus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Infraspinatus_muscle]
xref: EHDAA2:0000826
xref: EHDAA:8305
xref: EMAPA:18526
xref: FMA:32546
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png/200px-Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png
xref: MA:0002323
xref: ncithesaurus:Infraspinatus
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwVT4_ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:277439009
xref: VHOG:0000921
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006849 {source="dbpedia", notes="infraspinous fossa of the scapula"} ! scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001478
name: teres major muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_32549-MA_0002392
def: "Teres major is a muscle of the upper limb and one of six scapulohumeral muscles. It is a thick but somewhat flattened muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Teres_major_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus teres major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Teres_major_muscle]
synonym: "teres major" EXACT [MA:0002392]
xref: EHDAA2:0002004
xref: EHDAA:8321
xref: EMAPA:19069
xref: EMAPA:19110
xref: FMA:32549
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png/200px-Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png
xref: MA:0002392
xref: ncithesaurus:Teres_Major_Muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwJZqBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:277444002
xref: VHOG:0000750
is_a: UBERON:0010467 ! teres muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010988 {source="EHDAA2"} ! teres major pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {notes="medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus", source="dbpedia"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0007175 {source="dbpedia", notes="posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula"} ! inferior angle of scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001479
name: sesamoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_32672-MA_0001375
def: "Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation." [VSAO:0000137, Wikipedia:Sesamoid_bone]
comment: Sesamoids are often endochondral replacement elements and in addition to bone tissue, may also be composed of articular cartilage, fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage, and calcified cartilage.[VSAO]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ossa sesamoidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sesamoid_bone]
synonym: "sesamoid" EXACT [VSAO:0000137]
xref: AEO:0000086
xref: EHDAA2:0003086
xref: FMA:32672
xref: GAID:210
xref: galen:SessamoidBone
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray350.png/200px-Gray350.png
xref: MA:0001375
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.730
xref: ncithesaurus:Sesamoid_Bone
xref: SCTID:362914002
xref: VSAO:0000137
is_a: UBERON:0010911 {source="VSAO"} ! ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001480
name: proximal carpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_33302-MA_0002557
xref: FMA:33302
xref: MA:0002557
xref: SCTID:306715004
is_a: UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
intersection_of: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001481
name: distal carpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_33303-MA_0002558
comment: Taxon notes: Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal[WP]
synonym: "distal carpal" EXACT [AAO:0000847]
xref: AAO:0000847
xref: FMA:33303
xref: MA:0002558
xref: SCTID:306716003
is_a: UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001482
name: muscle of shoulder
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_33531-MA_0000633
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a shoulder [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "muscle organ of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "shoulder muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "shoulder muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:33531
xref: MA:0000633
is_a: UBERON:0008196 ! muscle of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001484
name: articular capsule
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_34836-MA_0001519
def: "An articular capsule (or joint capsule) is an envelope surrounding a synovial joint. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Articular_capsule]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "capsula articularis" EXACT [FMA:34836, FMA:TA]
synonym: "capsulae articulares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Articular_capsule]
synonym: "fibrous capsule of joint" EXACT []
synonym: "joint capsule" EXACT []
synonym: "joint fibrous capsule" EXACT []
xref: FMA:34836
xref: GAID:263
xref: galen:JointCapsule
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gray299.png/200px-Gray299.png
xref: MA:0001519
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.443
xref: ncithesaurus:Joint_Capsule
xref: SCTID:182238002
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001485
name: knee joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_35175-MA_0000471
def: "The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus (i.e. a pivotal hinge joint), which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation. Since in humans the knee supports nearly the whole weight of the body, it is the joint most vulnerable both to acute injury and the development of osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Knee_joint]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "joint of knee" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EFO:0001957
xref: EMAPA:19137
xref: FMA:35175
xref: GAID:114
xref: galen:KneeJoint
xref: MA:0000471
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.475
xref: ncithesaurus:Knee_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCuaYZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182204005
xref: VHOG:0001003
is_a: UBERON:0004174 ! leg joint
is_a: UBERON:0011139 ! synovial limb joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: connects UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: connects UBERON:0002446 ! patella

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001486
name: hip joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_35178-MA_0000470
def: "The hip joint is a synovial joint formed by the articulation of the rounded head of the femur and the cup-like acetabulum of the pelvis. It forms the primary connection between the bones of the lower limb and the axial skeleton of the trunk and pelvis. Both joint surfaces are covered with a strong but lubricated layer called articular hyaline cartilage. The cuplike acetabulum forms at the union of three pelvic bones  Ń the ilium, pubis, and ischium." [Wikipedia:Hip#Articulation]
comment: Alternate def - "The articulation between the femur and the innominate bone." [BTO:0001502]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulatio coxofemoralis" EXACT [FMA:35178]
synonym: "coxal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hip]
synonym: "femoro-iliac joint" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001502
xref: EMAPA:19136
xref: FMA:35178
xref: GAID:262
xref: galen:HipJoint
xref: MA:0000470
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.411
xref: ncithesaurus:Hip_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP32b5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182201002
xref: VHOG:0001001
is_a: UBERON:0011107 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint of pelvic girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000981 ! femur
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001269 ! acetabular part of hip bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: connects UBERON:0001269 ! acetabular part of hip bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001487
name: joint of foot
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_35194-MA_0000464
def: "A skeletal joint that is part of a foot [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO check FMA - use the set class for now
synonym: "articulationes pedis" EXACT [FMA:71349, FMA:TA]
synonym: "autopod of hind limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hindlimb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of inferior member joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of lower extremity joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hind limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hindlimb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of inferior member joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of lower extremity joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot joint" EXACT []
synonym: "hind limb autopod joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb distal free limb segment joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb autopod joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb distal free limb segment joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member autopod joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member distal free limb segment joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of autopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of autopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of autopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of autopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of distal free limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of distal free limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of distal free limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of distal free limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of hind limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of hind limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of hindlimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of hindlimb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of inferior member autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of inferior member distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of lower extremity autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of lower extremity distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joints of foot" EXACT [FMA:71349]
synonym: "lower extremity autopod joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity distal free limb segment joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:35194
xref: FMA:71349
xref: GAID:256
xref: MA:0000464
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.378
xref: SCTID:244555001
is_a: UBERON:0003840 ! hindlimb joint
is_a: UBERON:0003841 ! autopod joint
is_a: UBERON:0011139 ! synovial limb joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001488
name: ankle joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_35195-MA_0000463
def: "A joint that connects the hindlimb autopod and zeugopod skeletons. In human anatomy, this is the joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS." [MESH:A.02.835.583.378.062, UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Ankle_joint]
comment: Editor notes: current restricted to organisms that have a distinct tibia, fibula and talus
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "talocrural articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ankle]
synonym: "talocrural joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ankle]
xref: BTO:0004706
xref: EFO:0001409
xref: FMA:35195
xref: GAID:257
xref: galen:AnkleJoint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg/200px-Ankle_en.svg.png
xref: MA:0000463
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.378.062
xref: ncithesaurus:Ankle_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvwiy35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182212002
is_a: UBERON:0001487 ! joint of foot
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of foot
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: connects UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of foot
relationship: connects UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001489
name: joint of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_35245-MA_0000452
def: "A skeletal joint that is part of a hand [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO check FMA - use the set class for now
synonym: "arm autopod joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm distal free limb segment joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulationes manus" EXACT [FMA:71345, FMA:TA]
synonym: "autopod of arm joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of brachial region joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region autopod joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region distal free limb segment joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of arm joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of brachial region joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand joint" EXACT []
synonym: "joint of arm autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of arm distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of autopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of autopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of brachial region autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of brachial region distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of distal free limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of distal free limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joints of hand" EXACT [FMA:71345]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb autopod joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:71345
xref: MA:0000452
xref: SCTID:244546004
is_a: UBERON:0003839 ! forelimb joint
is_a: UBERON:0003841 ! autopod joint
is_a: UBERON:0011139 ! synovial limb joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001490
name: elbow joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_35289-MA_0000451
def: "A joint that connects the forelimb zeugopod and stylopod skeletons[Obol]. In human anatomy, the elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis[HP]." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Elbow]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulatio cubiti" EXACT []
synonym: "cubital region joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of cubital region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of elbow" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19102
xref: FMA:35289
xref: GAID:253
xref: galen:ElbowJoint
xref: MA:0000451
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.290
xref: ncithesaurus:Elbow_Joint
xref: SCTID:182169008
xref: VHOG:0000997
is_a: UBERON:0003839 ! forelimb joint
is_a: UBERON:0011139 ! synovial limb joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: connects UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001491
name: wrist joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_35291-MA_0000460
def: "A joint connecting the forelimb zeugopod skeleton with the carpal skeleton." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=76834&atid=1205376, UBERON:cjm]
comment: AO notes: in FMA this includes radio-carpal and radio-ulnar ligaments
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "carpal region joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of carpal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of wrist" EXACT []
synonym: "radio-carpal joint" EXACT [MA:0000461]
synonym: "radiocarpal joint" EXACT [FMA:35291]
xref: EMAPA:19205
xref: FMA:35291
xref: GAID:274
xref: galen:WristJoint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Human_wrist.png/200px-Human_wrist.png
xref: MA:0000460
xref: MA:0000461
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.959
xref: ncithesaurus:Wrist_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvZD2PJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182178002
is_a: UBERON:0001489 ! joint of hand
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton
relationship: connects UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton
relationship: connects UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001495
name: pectoral muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37349-MA_0002423
comment: This currently groups the major and minor muscles (which have different attachment sites) as well as the AAO structure: Muscle which is comprised of three heads. The anterior head is the portio epicoracoidea that originates on the epicoracoid cartilage and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus. The next more posterior head, portio sternalis, originates on the sternum and inserts in the groove next to the deltoid crest of the humerus. The most posterior head, portio abdominalis, arises from the M. rectus abdominis and inserts on the deltoid crest of the humerus
subset: grouping_class
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "breast muscle" RELATED [BTO:0000023]
synonym: "M. pectoralis" EXACT [AAO:0010727]
synonym: "muscle of pectoral part of chest" EXACT [FMA:37349]
synonym: "muscle of pectoral region" EXACT [FMA:37349]
synonym: "pectoralis muscle" RELATED [BTO:0000023]
xref: AAO:0010727
xref: BTO:0000023
xref: FMA:37349
xref: GAID:153
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pectoralis_major.png/200px-Pectoralis_major.png
xref: MA:0002423
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.775
xref: ncithesaurus:Pectoralis_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181621006
is_a: UBERON:0003830 ! thoracic segment muscle
is_a: UBERON:0008196 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of pectoral girdle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010984 ! pectoral pre-muscle mass
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004464 {source="BTO"} ! musculature of thorax

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001497
name: muscle of pelvic girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37367-MA_0000537
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a pelvic girdle [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: AO notes: Note that in MA, this is a subclass of pelvis muscle; in FMA this is a hindlimb muscle, but recall in FMA hindlimb includes the girdle.
synonym: "girdle-pelvic muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of girdle-pelvic" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of pelvic girdle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of pelvic girdle bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle bone muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvic girdle muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:37367
xref: MA:0000537
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001498
name: muscle of foot
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37369-MA_0000652
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a foot [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "autopod of hind limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of hindlimb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of inferior member muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of lower extremity muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hind limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of hindlimb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of inferior member muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of lower extremity muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "foot muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hind limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hind limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hindlimb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hindlimb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of inferior member autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of inferior member distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of lower extremity autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of lower extremity distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000477
xref: FMA:37369
xref: MA:0000652
is_a: UBERON:0003663 ! hindlimb muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001499
name: muscle of arm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37370-MA_0000594
def: "A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: See notes on UBERON:0001460 for possible terminological confusion over term 'arm'
synonym: "arm muscle" EXACT [MA:0000594]
synonym: "arm muscle system" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000141]
synonym: "muscle of upper arm or lower arm" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "upper arm / lower arm muscle" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: EHDAA2:0000141
xref: MA:0000594
is_a: UBERON:0003662 ! forelimb muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001500
name: muscle of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37372-MA_0000628
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a hand [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "arm autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of arm muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of brachial region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of arm muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of brachial region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "hand muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of arm autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of arm distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of autopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of brachial region autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of brachial region distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of distal free limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of proximal segment of free upper limb autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb autopod muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb distal free limb segment muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:37372
xref: MA:0000628
is_a: UBERON:0003662 ! forelimb muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001501
name: lumbrical of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37385-MA_0002316
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "hand lumbrical" EXACT []
synonym: "hand lumbrical muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37385
xref: MA:0002316
xref: SCTID:181654008
is_a: UBERON:0001500 ! muscle of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001502
name: interosseous muscle of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37417-MA_0002313
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "hand interosseous muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37417
xref: MA:0002313
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Interosseous_Muscle
xref: SCTID:265804003
is_a: UBERON:0001500 ! muscle of hand
is_a: UBERON:0006508 ! interosseus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001503
name: dorsal interosseous of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37418-MA_0002314
def: "The dorsal interossei of the hand are muscles that occupy the space between the metacarpals. There are four dorsal interossei in each hand. They are specified as 'dorsal' to contrast them with the palmar interossei, which are located on the anterior side of the metacarpals. The dorsal interosseous muscles are bipennate, with each muscle arising by two heads from the adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones, but more extensively from the metacarpal bone of the finger into which the muscle is inserted. They are inserted into the bases of the proximal phalanges and into the extensor expansion of the corresponding extensor digitorum tendon. The middle digit has two dorsal interossei insert onto it while the first digit (thumb) and the fifth digit (little finger) have none[WP]." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_interossei_muscles_(hand)]
synonym: "dorsal hand interosseus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculi interossei dorsales manus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37418
xref: MA:0002314
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Hand_Interosseous_Muscle
xref: SCTID:245002007
is_a: UBERON:0001502 ! interosseous muscle of hand
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004302 {source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010544 {source="dbpedia"} ! metacarpus skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001504
name: lumbrical of foot
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37453-MA_0002305
def: "The lumbricals are four small skeletal muscles, accessory to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and numbered from the medial side of the foot; they arise from these tendons, as far back as their angles of division, each springing from two tendons, except the first." [Wikipedia:Lumbricals_of_the_foot]
synonym: "foot lumbrical" EXACT []
synonym: "foot lumbrical muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:37453
xref: MA:0002305
xref: SCTID:181715003
is_a: UBERON:0001498 ! muscle of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001505
name: coracobrachialis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37664-MA_0002282
def: "The Coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and biceps brachii. ) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm. It is perforated by and innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Coracobrachialis_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coracobrachial" EXACT []
synonym: "coracobrachialis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Coracobrachialis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus coracobrachialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coracobrachialis_muscle]
synonym: "Pirogoff's aponeurosis" EXACT [FMA:37664]
xref: FMA:37664
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Coracobrachialis.png/200px-Coracobrachialis.png
xref: MA:0002282
xref: ncithesaurus:Coracobrachialis
is_a: UBERON:0004255 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb stylopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial humerus"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006633 {source="dbpedia", notes="coracoid process of scapula"} ! coracoid process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001506
name: brachialis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37667-MA_0002271
def: "The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint. It lies just deep of the biceps brachii, and is a synergist that assists the biceps brachii in flexing at the elbow. It makes up part of the floor of the region known as the cubital fossa. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "brachialis anticus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle]
synonym: "brachialis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle]
synonym: "Casserio's muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus brachialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachialis_muscle]
xref: EHDAA2:0000181
xref: EHDAA:8281
xref: EMAPA:19068
xref: EMAPA:19109
xref: FMA:37667
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Brachialis.png/200px-Brachialis.png
xref: MA:0002271
xref: ncithesaurus:Brachialis
xref: VHOG:0001026
is_a: UBERON:0001499 ! muscle of arm
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010994 {source="dbpedia", notes="coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna"} ! coronoid process of ulna
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000976 {notes="anterior surface of the humerus particularly the distal half of this bone", source="dbpedia"} ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001507
name: biceps brachii
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37670-MA_0002269
def: "In human anatomy, the biceps brachii is a muscle located on the upper arm. The biceps has several functions, the most important being to rotate the forearm and to flex the elbow. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "biceps" BROAD [EHDAA2:0000167]
synonym: "biceps brachii %26 brachialis muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
synonym: "biceps brachii muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
synonym: "biceps cubiti" RELATED [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
synonym: "biceps muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
synonym: "musculus biceps brachii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle]
xref: BTO:0003419
xref: EHDAA2:0000167
xref: EHDAA:8279
xref: EMAPA:19067
xref: EMAPA:19108
xref: FMA:37670
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Biceps_%28PSF%29.jpg/200px-Biceps_%28PSF%29.jpg
xref: MA:0002269
xref: ncithesaurus:Biceps
xref: SCTID:265802004
xref: VHOG:0000861
is_a: UBERON:0004255 ! forelimb stylopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001509 {source="dbpedia"} ! triceps brachii
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001423 {notes="radial tuberosity and bicipittal aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm", source="dbpedia"} ! radius bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006633 {source="dbpedia", notes="short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle"} ! coracoid process
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010760 {source="dbpedia", notes="short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle"} ! supraglenoid tubercle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001509
name: triceps brachii
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_37688-MA_0002399
def: "The triceps brachii muscle (Latin for 'three-headed' muscle of the arm, it is called a three headed muscle because there are three bundles of muscle, each of different origin, joining together at the elbow) is the large muscle on the back of the human upper limb. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint (i.e. straightening of the arm). Though a similarly-named muscle, the triceps surae, is found on the lower leg, the triceps brachii is commonly called simply the 'triceps'. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus triceps brachii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle]
synonym: "triceps" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002080]
synonym: "triceps brachii muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle]
synonym: "triceps muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Triceps_brachii_muscle]
xref: EHDAA2:0002080
xref: EHDAA:8287
xref: EMAPA:19070
xref: FMA:37688
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Triceps_brachii.png/200px-Triceps_brachii.png
xref: MA:0002399
xref: ncithesaurus:Triceps
xref: ncithesaurus:Triceps_Brachii
xref: SCTID:181623009
xref: VHOG:0000851
is_a: UBERON:0004255 ! forelimb stylopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001507 {source="dbpedia"} ! biceps brachii
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006810 {source="dbpedia", notes="olecranon process of ulna"} ! olecranon
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral head: posterior humerus"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006849 {notes="long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula", source="dbpedia"} ! scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001520
name: pronator teres
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_38450-MA_0002357
def: "The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces posteriorly). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pronator_teres_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus pronator teres" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pronator_teres_muscle]
synonym: "pronator teres muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pronator_teres_muscle]
xref: FMA:38450
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pronator-teres.png/200px-Pronator-teres.png
xref: MA:0002357
xref: ncithesaurus:Pronator_Teres
xref: SCTID:302514000
is_a: UBERON:0003662 ! forelimb muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0003228 {source="dbpedia"} ! supinator
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001028 {notes="Middle of the lateral surface of the body of the radius", source="dbpedia"} ! diaphysis of radius
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006806 {notes="humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna", source="dbpedia"} ! medial epicondyle of humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010994 {notes="humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna", source="dbpedia"} ! coronoid process of ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001521
name: flexor carpi radialis muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_38459-MA_0002297
def: "A muscle of the forearm that acts to flex and abduct the hand. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_radialis_muscle]
comment: AO notes - we group the AAO class here, despite the different insertion site - requires vetting "Muscle which originates on the inner border of the humerus and inserts on the carpus." [AAO:0010733]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "flexor carpi radialis" EXACT [MA:0002297]
xref: AAO:0010733
xref: FMA:38459
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flexor-carpi-radialis.png/200px-Flexor-carpi-radialis.png
xref: MA:0002297
xref: ncithesaurus:Flexor_Carpi_Radialis
is_a: UBERON:0000366 ! flexor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004254 ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002374 {notes="2 and 3 in human"} ! metacarpal bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006806 ! medial epicondyle of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001522
name: flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_38465-MA_0002298
def: "The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) is a muscle of the human forearm that acts to flex and adduct the hand. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle]
comment: AO notes: AAO has a class with the same name, the exact insertion point is unclear; consider grouping "Muscle which originates from the medial condyle of the humerus and inserts on the carpus." [AAO:0010734]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "flexor carpi ulnaris" EXACT [Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle]
synonym: "musculus flexor carpi ulnaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle]
xref: FMA:38465
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/FCU.png/200px-FCU.png
xref: MA:0002298
xref: ncithesaurus:Flexor_Carpi_Ulnaris
xref: SCTID:244985003
is_a: UBERON:0000366 ! flexor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004254 ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001429 {source="dbpedia"} ! pisiform
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006806 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial epicondyle"} ! medial epicondyle of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001523
name: flexor digitorum profundus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_38478-MA_0002300
def: "In human anatomy, the flexor digitorum profundus is a muscle in the forearm that flexes the fingers. It is considered to be an extrinsic muscle because its action is at a different location than the main body of the muscle. Flexor digitorum profundus, along with flexor digitorum superficialis have long tendons that run down the arm and through the carpal tunnel and attach to the palmar side of the phalanges of the fingers. This muscle originates from the upper 3/4ths anterior and medial side of the ulna. Flexor digitorum profundus lies deep to superficialis, but it attaches more distally. To get around this problem profundus's tendons go through the tendons of superficialis, and end up attaching to the distal phalanx. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle]
comment: Note that in EMAPA, this is part of the leg, which is presumably a mistake
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "flexor digitorum profundus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus flexor digitorum profundus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle]
xref: BTO:0001246
xref: EMAPA:19319
xref: FMA:38478
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flexor-digitorum-profundis.png/200px-Flexor-digitorum-profundis.png
xref: MA:0002300
xref: ncithesaurus:Flexor_Digitorum_Profundus
is_a: UBERON:0000366 {source="BTO"} ! flexor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004255 ! forelimb stylopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0007612 {source="dbpedia"} ! extensor digitorum communis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004300 {source="dbpedia", notes="base of the distal phalanges of the fingers"} ! distal phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001010 {source="dbpedia", notes="upper 3/4 of the volar and medial surfaces of the body of the ulna interosseous membrane and deep fascia of the forearm"} ! diaphysis of ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001524
name: extensor carpi radialis longus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_38494-MA_0002291
def: "Extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movements at the wrist. This muscle is quite long, starting on the lateral side of the humerus, and attaching to the base of the second metacarpal bone (metacarpal of the index finger). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_radialis_longus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus extensor carpi radialis longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_radialis_longus_muscle]
xref: FMA:38494
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/ECR-longus.png/200px-ECR-longus.png
xref: MA:0002291
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Carpi_Radialis_Longus
is_a: UBERON:0011024 ! extensor muscle of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001525
name: extensor carpi radialis brevis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_38497-MA_0002290
def: "The Extensor carpi radialis brevis is shorter and thicker than the extensor carpi radialis longus. The longus muscle can be found above the distal end of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_radialis_brevis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:38497
xref: MA:0002290
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Carpi_Radialis_Brevis
is_a: UBERON:0011024 ! extensor muscle of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001526
name: extensor carpi ulnaris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_38506-MA_0002292
def: "Extensor carpi ulnaris is a muscle located in the forearm that acts to extend and adduct the wrist. Being an extensor muscle, extensor carpi ulnaris is on the posterior side of the forearm. [WP]." [Wikipedia:Extensor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes: Amphibians - def: "Muscle of the forearm: It shares a common origin with two other muscles of the forearm. It arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus by two tendons: the first one is in common with the m. extensor digitorum communis longus, and the second one is broad and in common with the m. epicondylocubitalis. It is pinnately attached to the dorsal surface of the distal carpal 5-4-3." [AAO:0010281]. Note that we make the insertion relationship a GCI until digit numbering issues are resolved
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ECU muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "extensor carpi ulnaris muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus extensor carpi ulnaris" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010281
xref: FMA:38506
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gray418.png/200px-Gray418.png
xref: MA:0002292
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Carpi_Ulnaris
xref: SCTID:244992008
is_a: UBERON:0000311 ! extensor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004254 ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006807 ! lateral epicondyle of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001527
name: abductor pollicis longus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_38515-MA_0002266
def: "The Abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the Supinator and is sometimes united with it. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "abductor pollicis longus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus abductor pollicis longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
xref: FMA:38515
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gray1231.png/200px-Gray1231.png
xref: MA:0002266
xref: ncithesaurus:Abductor_Pollicis_Longus
is_a: UBERON:0003662 ! forelimb muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002962 {source="dbpedia"} ! adductor pollicis
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001424 {source="dbpedia"} ! ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001528
name: radio-ulnar joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_38863-MA_0000462
def: "A joint that connects the radius and the ulna. Examples: proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints" [UBERON:cjm]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "radioulnar articulation" RELATED []
synonym: "radioulnar joint" EXACT [FMA:38863]
xref: EMAPA:19206
xref: FMA:38863
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Forearm_labeled.png/200px-Forearm_labeled.png
xref: MA:0000462
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlO2nJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:264167003
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: connects UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001424 ! ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001562
name: digastric
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46291-MA_0002288
def: "The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two bellies) is a small muscle located under the jaw. It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. It belongs to the suprahyoid muscles group. A broad aponeurotic layer is given off from the tendon of the digastricus on either side, to be attached to the body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone; this is termed the suprahyoid aponeurosis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "digastric muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
synonym: "digastricus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
synonym: "digastricus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
synonym: "musculus digastricus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
synonym: "musculus digastricus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Digastric_muscle]
xref: EMAPA:25134
xref: FMA:46291
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Digastricus.png/200px-Digastricus.png
xref: MA:0002288
xref: ncithesaurus:Digastric_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244825002
is_a: UBERON:0008571 {source="FMA"} ! suprahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia", notes="Intermediate tendon"} ! hyoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001563
name: longus capitis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46308-MA_0002340
def: "The longus capitis (rectus capitis anticus major), broad and thick above, narrow below, arises by four tendinous slips, from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and ascends, converging toward its fellow of the opposite side, to be inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone. It is innervated by a branch of cervical plexus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "longus capitus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus longus capitis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis anticus major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Longus_capitis_muscle]
xref: EMAPA:25131
xref: FMA:46308
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Longus_capitis.png/200px-Longus_capitis.png
xref: MA:0002340
xref: ncithesaurus:Longus_Capitis
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001692 {notes="basilar part of the occipital bone", source="dbpedia"} ! basioccipital bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third fourth fifth and sixth cervical vertebrĚ?"} ! transverse process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001564
name: mylohyoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46320-MA_0002344
def: "The mylohyoid muscle is a muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity. These muscles are mesodermal in origin." [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
comment: mylohyoideus and digastricus anterior of rats derived from intermandibularis posterior, see e.g. Jarvik [53] http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/table/T3
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus mylohyoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus mylohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "mylohyoid muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "mylohyoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "mylohyoideus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mylohyoid_muscle]
xref: FMA:46320
xref: MA:0002344
xref: ncithesaurus:Mylohyoid
xref: SCTID:244827005
is_a: UBERON:0008571 {source="FMA"} ! suprahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003999 {source="dbpedia", notes="body of hyoid bone and median raphe"} ! hyoid bone body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001565
name: geniohyoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46325-MA_0002308
def: "A narrow muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes: "Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw." [AAO:0010655]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "genio-hyoideus" EXACT []
synonym: "genio-hyoideus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "geniohyoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "geniohyoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "geniohyoideus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus geniohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Geniohyoid_muscle]
xref: AAO:0010655
xref: FMA:46325
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Geniohyoid_muscle.PNG/200px-Geniohyoid_muscle.PNG
xref: MA:0002308
xref: ncithesaurus:Geniohyoid
xref: SCTID:244828000
xref: XAO:0004127
is_a: UBERON:0008571 {source="FMA"} ! suprahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006606 {source="dbpedia"} ! mandibular symphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001566
name: cricothyroid muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46417-MA_0002284
def: "The cricothyroid muscle attaches to the anterolateral aspect of the cricoid and the inferior cornu and lower lamina of the thyroid cartilage, tilting the thyroid forwards and tensing the vocal cords. It is the only laryngeal muscle supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (rather than the recurrent laryngeal nerve). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cricothyroid" EXACT []
synonym: "cricothyroideus" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus cricothyroideus" EXACT [FMA:46417, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus cricothyroideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_muscle]
xref: EMAPA:19270
xref: FMA:46417
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Musculuscricothyreoideus.png/200px-Musculuscricothyreoideus.png
xref: MA:0002284
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricothyroid_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244809007
is_a: UBERON:0006328 ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001738 {notes="Inferior cornu and lamina of the thyroid cartilage", source="dbpedia"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002375 {notes="Anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage", source="dbpedia"} ! cricoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001568
name: muscle of larynx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46562-MA_0001768
def: "the muscles associated with the larynx." [MP:0002263]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "laryngeal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "larynx muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "larynx muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of larynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001626
xref: FMA:46562
xref: GAID:144
xref: MA:0001768
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.500
xref: ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181744001
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
is_a: UBERON:0003831 ! respiratory system muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001569
name: constrictor muscle of pharynx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46620-MA_0002278
comment: TODO - evaluate taxonomic specificity - functional definition?
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pharyngeal constrictor muscle" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18964
xref: FMA:46620
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Musculusconstrictorpharyngissuperior.png/200px-Musculusconstrictorpharyngissuperior.png
xref: MA:0002278
xref: SCTID:244799007
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001570
name: inferior pharyngeal constrictor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46623-MA_0002279
def: "The Inferior pharyngeal constrictor, the thickest of the three constrictors, arises from the sides of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. Similarly to the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles, it is innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), specifically, by branches from the pharyngeal plexus and by neuronal branches from the recurrent laryngeal nerve. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "constrictor inferior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "constrictor pharyngis inferior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "constrictores pharyngis caudales" EXACT []
synonym: "inferior constrictor" EXACT [FMA:46623]
synonym: "inferior constrictor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "inferior constrictor muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "inferior constrictor of pharynx" EXACT [FMA:46623]
synonym: "inferior constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:46623]
synonym: "inferior pharyngeal constrictor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior" EXACT [FMA:46623, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
xref: FMA:46623
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Musculusconstrictorpharyngisinferior.png/200px-Musculusconstrictorpharyngisinferior.png
xref: MA:0002279
xref: SCTID:244803008
is_a: UBERON:0001569 ! constrictor muscle of pharynx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001738 {notes="cricoid and thyroid cartilage", source="dbpedia"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002375 {notes="cricoid and thyroid cartilage", source="dbpedia"} ! cricoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001571
name: genioglossus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46690-MA_0002307
def: "Either of a pair of lingual muscles with origin in the mandible, with insertion to the lingual fascia below the mucous membrane and epiglottis, with nerve supply from the hypoglossal nerve, and whose action depresses and protrudes the tongue." [VHOG:0000847, Wikipedia:Genioglossus_muscle]
comment: taxon notes: Makes up bulk of tongue in frogs and salamanders; makes up entire tongue in caecilians. [AAO:0010660]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "genioglossus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus genioglossus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010660
xref: EHDAA2:0000704
xref: EHDAA:9150
xref: EMAPA:18276
xref: EMAPA:18881
xref: FMA:46690
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Genioglossus.png/200px-Genioglossus.png
xref: MA:0002307
xref: ncithesaurus:Genioglossus
xref: SCTID:244784007
xref: VHOG:0000847
is_a: UBERON:0001575 {source="FMA"} ! extrinsic muscle of tongue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010059 {source="EHDAA2"} ! hypoglossal cord

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001572
name: hyoglossus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46691-MA_0002317
def: "The Hyoglossus, thin and quadrilateral, arises from the side of the body and from the whole length of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone, and passes almost vertically upward to enter the side of the tongue, between the Styloglossus and Longitudinalis inferior. The hyoglossus depresses and retracts the tongue makes the dorsum more convex The fibers arising from the body of the hyoid bone overlap those from the greater cornu. It is important in singing. Structures passing medially to the hyoglossus muscle are the lingual vein and lingual artery. Laterally, in between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid muscle lay several important structures (from superior in inferior): submandibular gland, submandibular duct, lingual nerve, vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve. Note, posteriorly, the lingual nerve is superior to the submandibular duct and a portion of the submandibular salivary gland protrudes into the space between the hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Hyoglossus_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hyoglossus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Hyoglossus]
xref: AAO:0010663
xref: EMAPA:18277
xref: EMAPA:18882
xref: FMA:46691
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hyoglossus.png/200px-Hyoglossus.png
xref: MA:0002317
xref: ncithesaurus:Hyoglossus_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001575 {source="FMA"} ! extrinsic muscle of tongue
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001573
name: styloglossus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46692-MA_0002387
def: "The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. Passing downward and forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, it divides upon the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with the fibers of the Longitudinalis inferior in front of the Hyoglossus; the other, oblique, overlaps the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Styloglossus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus styloglossus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Styloglossus]
synonym: "syloglossus muscle" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18279
xref: EMAPA:18884
xref: FMA:46692
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Styloglossus.png/200px-Styloglossus.png
xref: MA:0002387
xref: ncithesaurus:Styloglossus
is_a: UBERON:0001575 {source="FMA"} ! extrinsic muscle of tongue
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003960 {source="dbpedia"} ! styloid process of temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001574
name: palatoglossus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46697-MA_0002351
def: "The palatoglossus, glossopalatinus, or palatoglossal muscle is a small fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the glossopalatine arch. It arises from the anterior surface of the soft palate, where it is continuous with the muscle of the opposite side, and passing downward, forward, and lateralward in front of the palatine tonsil, is inserted into the side of the tongue, some of its fibers spreading over the dorsum, and others passing deeply into the substance of the organ to intermingle with the Transversus linguľ. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Palatoglossus_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus palatoglossus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palatoglossus_muscle]
synonym: "palatoglossal muscle" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18278
xref: EMAPA:18883
xref: FMA:46697
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray1028.png/200px-Gray1028.png
xref: MA:0002351
xref: SCTID:244783001
is_a: UBERON:0003682 ! palatal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001575
name: extrinsic muscle of tongue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46699-MA_0002296
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "extrinsic tongue muscle" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0002063
xref: EHDAA:9148
xref: FMA:46699
xref: MA:0002296
xref: SCTID:244782006
xref: VHOG:0000825
is_a: UBERON:0000378 ! tongue muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001576
name: intrinsic muscle of tongue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46701-MA_0002327
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "intrinsic lingual muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "intrinsic tongue muscle" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0002064
xref: EHDAA:9152
xref: FMA:46701
xref: MA:0002327
xref: SCTID:244788005
xref: VHOG:0000748
is_a: UBERON:0000378 ! tongue muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001577
name: muscle of face
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46751-XAO_0001013
def: "The facial muscles are a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerve that, among other things, control facial expression. These muscles are also called mimetic muscles. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Facial_muscle]
comment: Check the MA class cranial/facial muscle
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "face muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "face muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "facial muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of face" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:25133
xref: FMA:46751
xref: GAID:143
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray378.png/200px-Gray378.png
xref: MA:0000579
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.400
xref: ncithesaurus:Facial_Muscle
xref: SCTID:25903009
xref: XAO:0001013
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004473 ! musculature of face

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001578
name: orbicularis oculi
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46779-MA_0001254
def: "The 'orbicularis oculi' is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebrľ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphŽ. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus orbicularis oculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle]
synonym: "orbicularis oculi muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle]
synonym: "tensor tarsi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oculi_muscle]
xref: FMA:46779
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Gray379.png/200px-Gray379.png
xref: MA:0001254
xref: ncithesaurus:Orbicularis_Oculi
xref: SCTID:244726006
is_a: UBERON:0004277 ! eye muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000209 {source="dbpedia"} ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001680 {source="dbpedia"} ! lacrimal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001601 ! extra-ocular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001580
name: levator labii superioris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46805-MA_0002333
def: "The levator labii superioris (or quadratus labii superioris) is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone. Its medial fibers form the angular head, which arises by a pointed extremity from the upper part of the frontal process of the maxilla and passing obliquely downward and lateralward divides into two slips. One of these is inserted into the greater alar cartilage and skin of the nose; the other is prolonged into the lateral part of the upper lip, blending with the infraorbital head and with the Orbicularis oris. The intermediate portion or infraorbital head arises from the lower margin of the orbit immediately above the infraorbital foramen, some of its fibers being attached to the maxilla, others to the zygomatic bone. Its fibers converge, to be inserted into the muscular substance of the upper lip between the angular head and the Caninus. The lateral fibers, forming the zygomatic head, arise from the malar surface of the zygomatic bone immediately behind the zygomaticomaxillary suture and pass downward and medialward to the upper lip. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus levator labii superioris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris]
xref: FMA:46805
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Levator_labii_superioris.png/200px-Levator_labii_superioris.png
xref: MA:0002333
xref: ncithesaurus:Levator_Labii_Superioris
is_a: UBERON:0001577 ! muscle of face

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001581
name: depressor labii inferioris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46816-MA_0002287
def: "The depressor labii inferioris (or quadratus labii inferioris) is a facial muscle that helps lower the bottom lip. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Depressor_labii_inferioris_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:46816
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Depressor_labii_inferioris.png/200px-Depressor_labii_inferioris.png
xref: MA:0002287
xref: ncithesaurus:Depressor_Labii_Inferioris
is_a: UBERON:0001577 ! muscle of face
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010933 {notes="integument of the lower lip Orbicularis oris fibers its fellow of the opposite side", source="dbpedia"} ! orbicularis oris muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001684 {notes="oblique line of the mandible between the symphysis and the mental foramen", source="dbpedia"} ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001582
name: buccinator
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46834-MA_0002272
def: "a thin quadrilateral muscle, occupying the interval between the maxilla and the mandible at the side of the face." [Wikipedia:Buccinator_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "buccinator muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "buccinatorius" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus buccinator" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus buccinator" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Buccinator_muscle]
xref: FMA:46834
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Buccinator.jpg/200px-Buccinator.jpg
xref: MA:0002272
xref: ncithesaurus:Buccinator
xref: SCTID:244747005
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of face
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010933 {notes="in the fibers of the orbicularis oris", source="dbpedia"} ! orbicularis oris muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003700 {source="dbpedia", notes="from the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible temporomandibular joint"} ! temporomandibular joint
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004528 {source="dbpedia", notes="from the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible temporomandibular joint"} ! alveolar ridge of mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001583
name: extrinsic auricular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_46854-MA_0001230
xref: FMA:46854
xref: MA:0001230
is_a: UBERON:0001595 {source="FMA"} ! auricular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001595
name: auricular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_48966-MA_0001229
def: "The auriculares muscles are the three muscles surrounding the auricula or outer ear: anterior auricular muscle superior auricular muscle posterior auricular muscle [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Auriculares_muscles]
synonym: "attolens aurem muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "attrahens aurem muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auriculares" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auriculares anterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auriculares muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auricularis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auricularis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "auricularis muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
synonym: "muscle of auricle" EXACT []
synonym: "temporoparietalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Auricular_muscles]
xref: FMA:48966
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray906.png/200px-Gray906.png
xref: MA:0001229
xref: SCTID:244757006
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001596
name: intrinsic auricular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_48967-MA_0001231
xref: FMA:48967
xref: MA:0001231
xref: SCTID:244762007
is_a: UBERON:0001595 {source="FMA"} ! auricular muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001595 ! auricular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001597
name: masseter muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_48996-MA_0002343
def: "In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication. In the animal kingdom, it is particularly powerful in herbivores to facilitate chewing of plant matter. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Masseter_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "masseter" RELATED [BTO:0001755]
synonym: "musculus masseter" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Masseter_muscle]
xref: BTO:0001755
xref: EFO:0001424
xref: EHDAA2:0001067
xref: EHDAA:10561
xref: EMAPA:25135
xref: FMA:48996
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Illu_head_neck_muscle.jpg/200px-Illu_head_neck_muscle.jpg
xref: MA:0002343
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.600.500
xref: ncithesaurus:Masseter_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181738000
xref: VHOG:0000823
is_a: UBERON:0001577 ! muscle of face
is_a: UBERON:0003681 {source="FMA"} ! masticatory muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0005467 {source="dbpedia"} ! platysma
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004660 {source="dbpedia", notes="coronoid process ramus of mandible cementomaxillary tendon and cementomandibular tendon"} ! mandible coronoid process
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia", notes="zygomatic arch and maxilla"} ! maxilla
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002500 {source="dbpedia", notes="zygomatic arch and maxilla"} ! zygomatic arch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001598
name: temporalis muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49006-MA_0002390
def: "The temporal muscle is one of the muscles of mastication. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Temporal_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus temporalis" EXACT [FMA:49006, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporal_muscle]
synonym: "temporal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "temporalis" EXACT [MA:0002390]
xref: EHDAA2:0002001
xref: EHDAA:10565
xref: EMAPA:25138
xref: FMA:49006
xref: GAID:148
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gray382.png/200px-Gray382.png
xref: MA:0002390
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.600.850
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporal_Muscle
xref: VHOG:0000929
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0005467 {source="dbpedia"} ! platysma
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004660 {notes="coronoid process of the mandible.", source="dbpedia"} ! mandible coronoid process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001599
name: stapedius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49027-MA_0001220
def: "The stapedius is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body. At just over one millimeter in length, its purpose is to stabilize the smallest bone in the body, the stapes. The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Stapedius_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus stapedius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stapedius_muscle]
synonym: "stapedius muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001909]
xref: EHDAA:9029
xref: EMAPA:18586
xref: FMA:49027
xref: GAID:164
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Musculusstapedius.png/200px-Musculusstapedius.png
xref: MA:0001220
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.950
xref: ncithesaurus:Stapedius_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244780003
is_a: UBERON:0004113 ! muscle of auditory ossicle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001687 {source="dbpedia", notes="neck of stapes"} ! stapes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001600
name: tensor tympani
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49028-MA_0001221
def: "the larger of the two muscles of the tympanic cavity, is contained in the bony canal above the osseous portion of the auditory tube. Its role is to dampen sounds produced from chewing. It arises from the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and the adjoining part of the great wing of the sphenoid, as well as from the osseous canal in which it is contained. Passing backward through the canal, it ends in a slender tendon which enters the tympanic cavity, makes a sharp bend around the extremity of the septum, known as the processus cochleariformis[1], and is inserted into the manubrium of the malleus, near its root[WP]." [Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "eustachian muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "M. tensor tympani" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle]
synonym: "musculus tensor tympani" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle]
synonym: "tensor tympani muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle]
synonym: "tympanic muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_tympani_muscle]
xref: EHDAA2:0002002
xref: EHDAA:10167
xref: EHDAA:10191
xref: EMAPA:18587
xref: FMA:49028
xref: GAID:166
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Gray912.png/200px-Gray912.png
xref: MA:0001221
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.975
xref: ncithesaurus:Tensor_Tympani
is_a: UBERON:0004112 ! muscle of middle ear
is_a: UBERON:0004113 ! muscle of auditory ossicle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006722 {source="dbpedia", notes="handle of the malleus"} ! manubrium of malleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001601
name: extra-ocular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0006229
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49033-MA_0000271
def: "Skeletal muscle derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements." [GO:0002074, Wikipedia:Extraocular_muscles]
comment: AO notes: BTO and MA consider this part of the eye; we follow them here (inferred from skeletal muscle). Not clear if omission from FMA is deliberate. Editor notes: todo - resolve discrepancies in which muscles are considered extra-ocular. Taxon notes: Mammals have 7 extra-ocular muscles, but humans lack the M. retractor bulbi. Note in ZFA this is the set of muscles.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "extra-ocular skeletal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "extraocular muscle" EXACT [FMA:49033]
synonym: "extraocular musculature" EXACT [ZFA:0000511]
synonym: "extraocular skeletal muscle" EXACT [MA:0001271]
synonym: "extrinsic eye muscle" EXACT [Obol:automatic]
synonym: "extrinsic muscle of eyeball" EXACT [FMA:49033]
synonym: "extrinsic ocular muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000482]
synonym: "musculi externi bulbi oculi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extraocular_muscles]
xref: AAO:0010028
xref: BTO:0001579
xref: EFO:0001921
xref: EHDAA2:0000482
xref: EHDAA:5729
xref: EMAPA:18234
xref: FMA:49033
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/MRI_of_human_eye.jpg/200px-MRI_of_human_eye.jpg
xref: MA:0001271
xref: SCTID:181150000
xref: TAO:0000511
xref: VHOG:0000549
xref: ZFA:0000511
is_a: UBERON:0004277 {source="MA"} ! eye muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006230 {source="EHDAA2"} ! extrinsic ocular pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003269 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeletal muscle of eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001602
name: medial rectus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0004836
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49037-ZFA_0000301
def: "The medial rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. As with most of the muscles of the orbit, it is innervated by the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). This muscle shares an origin with several other extrinsic eye muscles, the anulus tendineus, or common tendon. It is the largest of the extraocular muscles and its only action is adduction of the eyeball. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Medial_rectus_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes (from VHOG): "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.331 [VHOG:0001127]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "medial rectus extraocular muscle" EXACT [MA:0001281]
synonym: "medial rectus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus rectus medialis bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_rectus_muscle]
xref: FMA:49037
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png/200px-Eyemuscles.png
xref: MA:0001281
xref: ncithesaurus:Medial_Rectus_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181151001
xref: TAO:0000301
xref: VHOG:0001127
xref: ZFA:0000301
is_a: UBERON:0006533 {source="MA"} ! rectus extraocular muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001603
name: lateral rectus extra-ocular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0004837
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49038-ZFA_0000383
def: "The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of six extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eye (abduction in this case) and the only muscle innervated by the abducens nerve, cranial nerve VI. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_rectus_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "lateral rectus" EXACT [FMA:49038]
synonym: "lateral rectus extraocular muscle" EXACT [MA:0001280]
synonym: "lateral rectus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "M. rectus lateralis" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus rectus lateralis" EXACT [AAO:0010107]
synonym: "musculus rectus lateralis bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_rectus_muscle]
xref: AAO:0010107
xref: FMA:49038
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png/200px-Eyemuscles.png
xref: MA:0001280
xref: ncithesaurus:Lateral_Rectus_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181152008
xref: TAO:0000383
xref: VHOG:0001129
xref: ZFA:0000383
is_a: UBERON:0006533 {source="MA"} ! rectus extraocular muscle
disjoint_from: UBERON:0003250 ! rectus capitis lateralis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001604
name: levator palpebrae superioris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49041-MA_0001272
def: "The levator palpebrae superioris (or levator muscle of upper eyelid) is the muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Levator_palpebrae_superioris]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:49041
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Eyemuscles.png/200px-Eyemuscles.png
xref: MA:0001272
xref: ncithesaurus:Levator_Palpebrae_Superioris
xref: SCTID:244774006
is_a: UBERON:0001601 {source="FMA"} ! extra-ocular muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003660 ! eyelid muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001605
name: ciliary muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49151-MA_0001269
def: "The ciliary muscle is a smooth muscle in the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Bowman`s muscles" RELATED [BTO:0000654]
synonym: "musculus ciliaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ciliary_muscle]
synonym: "musculus ciliarus" EXACT [BTO:0000654]
xref: BTO:0000654
xref: FMA:49151
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray872.png/200px-Gray872.png
xref: MA:0001269
xref: ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Muscle
xref: SCTID:280862009
is_a: UBERON:0001601 ! extra-ocular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001606
name: muscle of iris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49154-MA_0001287
def: "." [Wikipedia:Iris_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "iris muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "iris muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:49154
xref: MA:0001287
xref: SCTID:280888007
is_a: UBERON:0004277 ! eye muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001607
name: sphincter pupillae
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49157-MA_0001289
def: "The iris sphincter muscle (pupillary sphincter, circular muscle of iris, circular fibers) is a muscle in the part of the eye called the iris. It encircles the eye, appropriate to its function as a constrictor. It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods. In humans, it functions to constrict the pupil in bright light or during accommodation. Its dimensions are about 0.75 mm wide by 0.15 mm thick. It is controlled by parasympathetic fibers that originate from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, travel along the oculomotor nerve (CN III), synapse in the ciliary ganglion, and then enter the eye via the short ciliary nerves. Initially, all the myocytes are of the smooth muscle type, but much later in life, so that ultimately most cells are of the striated muscle type. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes: WP says: It is found in vertebrates and some cephalopods; this class refers to the vertebrate structure. Function notes: constricts iris
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "circular fibers" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "constrictor pupillae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "iris constrictor" RELATED []
synonym: "iris constrictor muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "iris sphincter" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "iris sphincter muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000656]
synonym: "M. sphincter pupillae" EXACT []
synonym: "m. sphincter pupillae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "musculus sphincter pupillae" EXACT [BTO:0000656]
synonym: "pupillary constrictor muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "pupillary sphincter" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "pupillary sphincter muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "sphincter muscle of pupil" EXACT [BTO:0000656]
synonym: "sphincter pupillae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "sphincter pupillae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
synonym: "spincter pupillae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iris_sphincter_muscle]
xref: BTO:0000656
xref: FMA:49157
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gray878.png/200px-Gray878.png
xref: MA:0001289
xref: ncithesaurus:Sphincter_Pupillae_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004234 {source="BTO"} ! iris smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0007521 ! smooth muscle sphincter
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001608 {source="dbpedia"} ! dilatator pupillae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001608
name: dilatator pupillae
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_49158-MA_0001288
def: "The iris dilator muscle (pupil dilator muscle, pupillary dilator, radial muscle of iris, radiating fibers), is a smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris and therefore fit as a dilator. It is innervated by the sympathetic system, which acts by releasing noradrenaline, which acts on ?1-receptors. Thus, when presented with a threatening stimuli that activates the fight-or-flight response, this innervation dilates the iris, thus temporarily letting more light reach the retina. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dilator muscle of pupil" EXACT []
synonym: "dilator of pupil" EXACT []
synonym: "dilator pupillae" EXACT []
synonym: "dilator pupillae muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001371]
synonym: "iris dilator" RELATED []
synonym: "iris dilator muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001371]
synonym: "musculus dilatator pupillae" EXACT [FMA:49158, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus dilatator pupillae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Iris_dilator_muscle]
synonym: "musculus dilator pupillae" RELATED [BTO:0001371]
xref: BTO:0001371
xref: FMA:49158
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gray878.png/200px-Gray878.png
xref: MA:0001288
xref: ncithesaurus:Dilator_Pupillae_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004234 {source="BTO"} ! iris smooth muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001607 {source="dbpedia"} ! sphincter pupillae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001630
name: muscle organ
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_5022-MIAA_0000302-XAO_0000174
def: "Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of skeletal muscle tissue aggregated into macroscopic fasciculi by connective tissue; together with other muscles, it constitutes the muscular system. Examples: biceps, diaphragm, masseter, right third external intercostal muscle, external oblique, levator ani, serratus anterior[FMA]." [GO:0007517]
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "muscle" EXACT [ZFA:0005145]
synonym: "skeletal muscle system" RELATED [BTO:0001103]
synonym: "somatic muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001103]
xref: AAO:0011066
xref: BTO:0001103
xref: EMAPA:18187
xref: EMAPA:18923
xref: EV:0100146
xref: FMA:5022
xref: GAID:131
xref: galen:Muscle
xref: MA:0000015
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:71616004
xref: TAO:0005145
xref: VHOG:0001245
xref: XAO:0000172
xref: ZFA:0005145
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001665
name: triceps surae
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_51062-MA_0002400
def: "The triceps surae is a pair of muscles located at the calf - the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These muscles both insert into the calcaneus, the bone of the heel of the human foot, and form the major part of the muscle of the back part of the lower leg, commonly known as the calf muscle. The triceps surae is connected to the foot through the Achilles tendon, and has 3 heads deriving from the 2 major masses of muscle. The superficial portion (the gastrocnemius) gives off 2 heads attaching to the base of the femur directly above the knee. The deep (profundis) mass of muscle (the soleus) forms the remaining head which attaches to the superior posterior area of the tibia. The triceps surae is innervated by the tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5ĐS2. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle]
comment: A set of muscles in FMA, a single organ in MA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "calf muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle]
synonym: "gastrosoleus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle]
synonym: "gastrosoleus complex" RELATED [Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle]
synonym: "musculus triceps surae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Triceps_surae_muscle]
synonym: "sural triceps" RELATED []
xref: FMA:51062
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg/200px-Illu_lower_extremity_muscles.jpg
xref: MA:0002400
xref: ncithesaurus:Triceps_Surae
is_a: UBERON:0004256 ! hindlimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001450 {source="dbpedia"} ! calcaneus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003701 {source="dbpedia"} ! achilles tendon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001666
name: flexor digitorum longus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_51071-MA_0002299
def: "The Flexor digitorum longus is situated on the tibial side of the leg. At its origin it is thin and pointed, but it gradually increases in size as it descends. This muscle serves to curl the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes (flexion of phalanges II-V). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_longus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0000466
xref: FMA:51071
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray442.png/200px-Gray442.png
xref: MA:0002299
xref: ncithesaurus:Flexor_Digitorum_Longus
xref: SCTID:181703002
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001667
name: tibialis posterior
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_51099-MA_0002394
def: "The Tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles, and is located in the posterior compartment of the leg. It is the key stabilizing muscle of the lower leg. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tibialis_posterior_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ibialis posticus" RELATED [BTO:0000867]
synonym: "musculus tibialis posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tibialis_posterior_muscle]
synonym: "posterior tibialis" RELATED [BTO:0000867]
synonym: "tibialis caudalis" EXACT []
synonym: "tibialis posterior muscle" RELATED [BTO:0000867]
xref: BTO:0000867
xref: FMA:51099
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray442.png/200px-Gray442.png
xref: MA:0002394
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibialis_Caudalis
is_a: UBERON:0008230 ! tibialis
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001385 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibialis anterior
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001451 {source="dbpedia"} ! navicular bone of foot
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001452 {source="dbpedia"} ! distal tarsal bone 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000979 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibia
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia"} ! fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001676
name: occipital bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52735-MA_0001468
def: "A saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoid in shape and curved on itself. It is pierced by a large oval aperture, the foramen magnum, through which the cranial cavity communicates with the vertebral canal." [Wikipedia:Occipital_bone]
comment: Development notes: formed from the sclerotome of the occipital somites[PMID:11523816]. It is not present in living or fossil agnathans or cartilaginous fishes, but appears to have arisen in parallel in many bony fishes. Incorporation of the occipital ver- tebrae into the skull was associated with the an- nexation of the upper part of the spinal cord into the brain, together with the first 2 spinal nerves as cranial nerves XI and XII[PMID:11523816]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os occipitale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occipital_bone]
xref: EMAPA:25112
xref: FMA:52735
xref: GAID:227
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Gray194.png/200px-Gray194.png
xref: MA:0001468
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.572
xref: ncithesaurus:Occipital_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwQtsiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181796003
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 {source="FMA"} ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="MA"} ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005902 {source="FMA"} ! occipital region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001677
name: sphenoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52736-MA_0001472
def: "an unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended." [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
comment: part of viscerocranium in FMA, part of chondrocranium in MA
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "butterfly bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "os sphenoidale" EXACT [FMA:52736, FMA:TA]
synonym: "os sphenoidale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "os sphenoidale" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "os sphenoidum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "sphenoid" EXACT []
synonym: "sphenoidal bone" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18340
xref: FMA:52736
xref: GAID:230
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg/200px-Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg
xref: MA:0001472
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.802
xref: ncithesaurus:Sphenoid_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAU9XpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:272676008
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0008193 {source="FMA"} ! pneumatized bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009193 {source="cjm"} ! sphenoid bone cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001678
name: temporal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52737-MA_0001476
def: "The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebrum." [Wikipedia:Temporal_bone]
comment: The temporal bone consists of four parts: * Squama temporalis * Mastoid portion * Petrous portion (Petrosal ridge) * Tympanic part. Note the Temporal bone is not explicitly categorized to a part of the cranium in FMA.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os temporale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporal_bone]
xref: EHDAA:6035
xref: EMAPA:17682
xref: EMAPA:18020
xref: FMA:52737
xref: GAID:232
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg/200px-Illu_cranial_bones2.jpg
xref: MA:0001476
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.885
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporal_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkAk5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181795004
xref: VHOG:0000800
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0008193 {source="FMA"} ! pneumatized bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001679
name: ethmoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52740-MA_0001483-ZFA_0000323
def: "a bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. As such, it is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction. The ethmoid bone is one of the bones that makes up the orbit of the eye[WP]" [Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone]
comment: AO notes: Note the WP states the Neurocranium contains the ethmoid bone, both MA and FMA place the ethmoid as part of the viscerocranium. FMA also has it in neurocranium (via basicranium). Ideally we would have non-overlapping divisions of the skull, but for now we follow FMA. Taxon notes: todo - homology e.g. mesethmoid of teleost
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "ethmoid bone" EXACT []
synonym: "ethmoidal bone" EXACT [MP:0000101]
synonym: "os ethmoidale" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ethmoid]
synonym: "os ethmoidale" EXACT [FMA:52740, FMA:TA]
xref: BTO:0004140
xref: EMAPA:19018
xref: FMA:52740
xref: GAID:212
xref: MA:0001483
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.292
xref: ncithesaurus:Ethmoid_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvuUPh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:272674006
xref: VHOG:0001317
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
is_a: UBERON:0008193 {source="FMA"} ! pneumatized bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 ! basicranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001680
name: lacrimal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52741-MA_0001486
def: "the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. It has two surfaces and four borders. In early lobe-finned fishes and ancestral tetrapods, the lacrimal bone is a relatively large and robust bone, running from the orbit to the nostrils. It forms part of the side of the face, between the nasal bones and the maxilla. In primitive forms, it is often accompanied by a much smaller septomaxilla bone, lying immediately behind the nasal opening, but this is lost in most modern species. The lacrimal bone is often smaller in living vertebrates, and is no longer always directly associated with the nasal opening, although it retains its connection with the orbit. The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species." [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_bone]
comment: In early lobe-finned fishes and ancestral tetrapods, the lacrimal bone is a relatively large and robust bone, running from the orbit to the nostrils. It forms part of the side of the face, between the nasal bones and the maxilla. In primitive forms, it is often accompanied by a much smaller septomaxilla bone, lying immediately behind the nasal opening, but this is lost in most modern species. The lacrimal bone is often smaller in living vertebrates, and is no longer always directly associated with the nasal opening, although it retains its connection with the orbit. The bone is entirely absent in living amphibians, as well as some reptilian species[WP, ISBN 0-03-910284-X]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "infraorbital 1" RELATED SENSU [VHOG:0001149, ZFA:0000223]
synonym: "lacrimal" BROAD []
synonym: "lacrymal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "os lacrimale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lacrimal_bone]
xref: FMA:52741
xref: MA:0001486
xref: ncithesaurus:Lacrimal_Bone
xref: SCTID:272675007
xref: TAO:0000223
xref: VHOG:0001149
xref: ZFA:0000223
property_value: "dubious_for_taxon" NCBITaxon:8292
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001681
name: nasal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52745-MA_0001494-ZFA_0000365
def: "One of two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, 'the bridge' of the nose[WP]. Paired dermal bones, likened to a bone tube, positioned lateral to the supraethmoid. Nasal bones are transversed by the anterior most part of the supraorbital canals and bear one neuromast foramen in zebrafish[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_bone, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Taxon notes: In primitive bony fish and tetrapods, the nasal bones are the most anterior of a set of four paired bones forming the roof of the skull, being followed in sequence by the frontals, the parietals, and the postparietals. Their form in living species is highly variable, depending on the shape of the head, but they generally form the roof of the snout or beak, running from the nostrils to a position short of the orbits. In most animals, they are generally therefore proportionally larger than in humans or great apes, because of the shortened faces of the latter. Turtles, unusually, lack nasal bones, with the prefrontal bones of the orbit reaching all the way to the nostrils (ISBN 0-03-910284-X)
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "os nasale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasal_bone]
xref: AAO:0000312
xref: EMAPA:19202
xref: FMA:52745
xref: GAID:222
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg/200px-Illu_facial_bones.jpg
xref: MA:0001494
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.665
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwGOTZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181801008
xref: TAO:0000365
xref: VHOG:0001370
xref: ZFA:0000365
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001682
name: palatine bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52746-MA_0001495
def: "A bone situated at the back part of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid. It contributes to the walls of three cavities: the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbit; it enters into the formation of two fossľ, the pterygopalatine and pterygoid fossľ; and one fissure, the inferior orbital fissure. he palatine bone somewhat resembles the letter L, and consists of a Horizontal plate of palatine bone and a Perpendicular plate of palatine bone and three outstanding processesŃviz., the Pyramidal process of palatine bone, which is directed backward and lateralward from the junction of the two parts, and the Orbital process of palatine bone and Sphenoidal process of palatine bone, which surmount the vertical part, and are separated by a deep notch, the sphenopalatine notch. The human palatine articulates with six bones: the sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, inferior nasal concha, vomer and opposite palatine. In bony fish the palatine bone consists of the perpendicular plate only, lying on the inner edge of the maxilla[WP]." [Wikipedia:Palatine_bone]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:52746
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Gray996.png/200px-Gray996.png
xref: MA:0001495
xref: ncithesaurus:Palatine_Bone
xref: SCTID:244654005
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001683
name: zygomatic bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52747-MA_0001497
def: "The zygomatic bone (cheekbone, malar bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. It articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. The zygomatic is homologous to the jugal bone of other tetrapods. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae [Fig. 1]. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders. The term zygomatic derives from the Greek zygoma meaning 'yoke'. The zygomatic bone is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term may also refer to the zygomatic arch or the zygomatic process. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone]
comment: HOG says is homologous to infraorbital 3, which is a dermal bone in dermatocranium. part of viscerocranium, chondrocranium in MA.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cheek bone" EXACT []
synonym: "jugal bone" RELATED [GAID:225, Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone]
synonym: "jugale" RELATED SENSU []
synonym: "malar bone" EXACT [FMA:52747]
synonym: "orbital bone" EXACT []
synonym: "os zygomaticum" EXACT [FMA:52747, FMA:TA]
synonym: "os zygomaticum, zygoma" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone]
synonym: "os zygomaticus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone]
synonym: "zygoma" RELATED [GAID:225]
xref: EMAPA:25111
xref: FMA:52747
xref: GAID:225
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gray164.png/200px-Gray164.png
xref: MA:0001497
xref: SCTID:272683001
xref: VHOG:0001638
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001684
name: mandible
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52748-MA_0001487
def: "The bone that forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place[WP]." [Wikipedia:Human_mandible, Wikipedia:Mandible]
comment: 'mandible' also refers to either the upper or lower part of the beak in birds. Note in ZFA mandible/lower jaw are the same class.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "inferior maxillary bone" EXACT []
synonym: "lower jaw bone" BROAD SENSU []
synonym: "lower mandibula" NARROW SENSU [Wikipedia:Mandible]
synonym: "mandibula" RELATED [BTO:0001748]
synonym: "mandibula" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Human_mandible]
synonym: "mandibulla" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001748
xref: EFO:0001965
xref: EHDAA2:0001059
xref: EHDAA:8007
xref: EMAPA:18290
xref: FMA:52748
xref: GAID:68
xref: galen:Mandible
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray176.png/200px-Gray176.png
xref: MA:0001487
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.632
xref: ncithesaurus:Mandible
xref: SCTID:181812008
xref: VHOG:0000510
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="EHDAA2"} ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0004768 ! bone of lower jaw
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: has_developmental_contribution_from UBERON:0003324 {source="EHDAA2-modified"} ! mesenchyme of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001685
name: hyoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52749-MA_0001484
def: "The hyoid bone (lingual bone) (Latin os hyoideum) is a horseshoe shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the mandible in the front and the third cervical vertebra behind. It is the only bone in the human skeleton not articulated to any other bone. It is held in place by thyroid ligaments. The hyoid bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind. Its name is derived from the Greek word hyoeides meaning 'shaped like the letter upsilon' (?). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "hyoid bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "hyoideum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "lingual bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "os hyoideum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "os hyoideum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
xref: AAO:0000684
xref: EMAPA:18650
xref: EMAPA:18840
xref: FMA:52749
xref: GAID:197
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gray186.png/200px-Gray186.png
xref: MA:0001484
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.409
xref: ncithesaurus:Hyoid_Bone
xref: SCTID:263352000
xref: VHOG:0001325
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001686
name: auditory ossicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52750-MA_0000254-XAO_0000214
def: "One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle]
comment: Taxon and editor notes: This should probably be restricted to mammals - the AAO/XAO structures may group non-homologous structures [Wikipedia:Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles] see https://github.com/seger/aao/issues/5. Development notes: Studies have shown that ear bones in mammal embryos are attached to the dentary, which is part of the jaw. These are ossified portions of cartilage -- called Meckel's cartilage -- that are attached to the jaw. As the embryo develops, the cartilage hardens to form bone. Later in development, the bone structure breaks loose from the jaw and migrates to the inner ear area. The structure is known as the middle ear, and is made up of the incus, stapes, malleus, and tympanic membrane. These correspond to the quadrate, prearticular, articular, and angular structures in the reptile jaw. For this reason, researchers believe the similarity of the results shows that mammals and reptiles have a common ancestry.[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "auditory bone" EXACT []
synonym: "auditory ossicle" RELATED [MA:0000254]
synonym: "ear bone" RELATED [MA:0000254]
synonym: "middle ear bone" RELATED []
synonym: "middle ear ossicle" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "ossicle" BROAD [EMAPA:17824, Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle]
xref: AAO:0011015
xref: EHDAA2:0001183
xref: EHDAA:5697
xref: EMAPA:17824
xref: EV:0100360
xref: FMA:52750
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Illu_auditory_ossicles.jpg/200px-Illu_auditory_ossicles.jpg
xref: MA:0000254
xref: ncithesaurus:Auditory_Ossicle
xref: VHOG:0000461
xref: VHOG:0000688
xref: XAO:0000214
is_a: UBERON:0003457 ! head bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001687
name: stapes
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52751-MA_0001217
def: "The stapes or stirrup is the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the 'oval window' medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The stapes is the smallest and lightest bone in the human body. The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis. The stapes is also stabilized by the stapedius muscle, which is innervated by the facial nerve. In non-mammalian vertebrates, the bone homologous to the stapes is usually called the columella; however, in reptiles, either term may be used[WP,unvetted]." [doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x, Wikipedia:Stapes]
comment: Editor notes: we do not include a class for hyomandibula in uberon, no need to generalize the TAO/ZFA class. Taxon notes (via VHOG): "This structure [the hyomandibular], on ontogenic grounds alone, can be considered homologous with the amphibian and reptilian columella and the mammalian stapes." Gerrie J, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948) 62:339-357? Development notes: As the stapes first develops embryologically from the 6th to 8th week of life, it surrounds the stapedial artery, which supplies the majority of the vasculature of the embryonic head. After that period, the external carotid artery is generated and takes over for the stapedial artery, which subsequently involutes, leaving the stapes with a windowframe-like structure[WP] The stapes develops at the cranial end of the second branchial arch through an independent anlage of the cartilage of this arch. Between the stapedial anlage and the cranial end of the Reichert's cartilage there is a formation called the interhyale, the internal segment of which gives rise to the tendon of the stapedial muscle. The stapedial anlage is a unique formation with two distinct parts: the superior part that will comprise the base and the inferior part that will be crossed by the stapedial artery during embryonic development and will constitute the limbs and the head of the stapes. According to the results, the otic capsule is not involved in formation of the base of the stapes.[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "columella" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Stapes]
synonym: "columella auris" RELATED [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "columellare" RELATED [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "interstapediale" RELATED [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "mediostapediale" RELATED [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "mesostapediale" RELATED [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "os columellare" RELATED [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "os intermedium" RELATED [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "stapellos" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stapes]
synonym: "stapes" RELATED [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "stelidium" RELATED [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "stilus columellare" RELATED [AAO:0000580]
synonym: "stirrup" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18585
xref: FMA:52751
xref: GAID:868
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gray918.png/200px-Gray918.png
xref: MA:0001217
xref: MESH:A.09.246.397.247.806
xref: ncithesaurus:Stapes
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5UnkZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:264199009
xref: VHOG:0000688
property_value: "homologous_to" AAO:0000580
property_value: "homologous_to" ZFA:0000672
is_a: UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004368 {contradicted_by="doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00524.x", source="classical definition"} ! Reichert's cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001688
name: incus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52752-MA_0001215
def: "The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna. The incus transmits sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. The incus only exists in mammals, and is derived from a reptilian upper jaw bone, the quadrate bone. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Incus]
comment: TODO - check develops from and homology
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "quadrate - incus" BROAD [VHOG:0000689]
xref: EMAPA:18583
xref: FMA:52752
xref: GAID:866
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gray917.png/200px-Gray917.png
xref: MA:0001215
xref: MESH:A.09.246.397.247.362
xref: ncithesaurus:Incus
xref: SCTID:272649008
xref: VHOG:0000689
is_a: UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001689
name: malleus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52753-MA_0001216
def: "The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Malleus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Malleus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Malleus]
xref: EMAPA:18584
xref: FMA:52753
xref: GAID:867
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray916.png/200px-Gray916.png
xref: MA:0001216
xref: MESH:A.09.246.397.247.524
xref: ncithesaurus:Malleus
xref: SCTID:264090005
xref: VHOG:0000690
is_a: UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003107 {source="Wikipedia"} ! Meckel's cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001692
name: basioccipital bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52858-MA_0001462-ZFA_0000472
def: "Large median unpaired cartilage bone that contacts the exocciptal, epiotic and pterotic dorsally, and the parasphenoid anteriorly. Forms the posteroventral hind margin of the cranium, articulates with the centrum of the first vertebra. Bears a posteroventral pharyngeal process that is flattened ventrally and opposes the pharyngeal teeth of the fifth pair of ceratobranchials[ZFA]." [Wikipedia:Basilar_part_of_occipital_bone, ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO - check FMA
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "basilar part of occipital bone" EXACT []
synonym: "basioccipital" EXACT []
synonym: "basioccipital bone" EXACT []
synonym: "pars basilaris ossis occipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Basilar_part_of_occipital_bone]
xref: AAO:0000039
xref: EMAPA:18705
xref: FMA:52858
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Parsbasilaris%28young%29.PNG/200px-Parsbasilaris%28young%29.PNG
xref: MA:0001462
xref: SCTID:138976007
xref: TAO:0000472
xref: VHOG:0001152
xref: ZFA:0000472
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 ! basicranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001693
name: exoccipital bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52859-MA_0001464-ZFA_0000661
def: "Paired cartilage bone that bears a large foramen (lateral occipital foramen). Contacts the supraoccipital dorsally, the epiotic laterally and the basioccipital ventrally. Forms the posterior hind margin of the cranium and borders the lateral and posterior margins of the forum (foramen) magnum." [Wikipedia:Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone, ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO - check FMA - currently we place this as both of a zone of bone organ and an (endochondral) bone. Removed endochondral bone classification for now, violates disjointness axiom
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "exoccipital" EXACT [FMA:52859]
synonym: "lateral part of occipital bone" EXACT [FMA:52859]
synonym: "pars lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone]
synonym: "pars lateralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone]
xref: AAO:0000147
xref: EMAPA:18708
xref: FMA:52859
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Gray131.png/200px-Gray131.png
xref: MA:0001464
xref: SCTID:139279001
xref: TAO:0000661
xref: VHOG:0001151
xref: ZFA:0000661
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="ZFA"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009635 {source="ZFA"} ! parachordal cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010752 ! exoccipital cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001694
name: petrous part of temporal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52871-MA_0001477
def: "The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull. The temporal bone supports that part of the face known as the temple. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Petrous_bone]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "pars petrosa (os temporale)" EXACT [FMA:52871]
synonym: "pars petrosa ossis temporalis" EXACT []
synonym: "petromastoid part of temporal bone" EXACT [FMA:52871]
synonym: "petrosal bone" EXACT [FMA:52871]
synonym: "petrous bone" EXACT [FMA:52871]
synonym: "temporal bone petrous part" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0001452
xref: EMAPA:17683
xref: FMA:52871
xref: GAID:234
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray137.png/200px-Gray137.png
xref: MA:0001477
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.885.681
xref: ncithesaurus:Ciliary_Process
xref: SCTID:361733004
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001695
name: squamous part of temporal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_52883-MA_0001473
def: "the thin, platelike part of the temporal bone." [MP:0004423, Wikipedia:Squama_temporalis, Wikipedia:Squamosal_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: The squamosal bone, which is homologous with the squama, and forms the side of the cranium in many bony fish and tetrapods. Primitively, it is a flattened plate-like bone, but in many animals it is narrower in form, for example, where it forms the boundary between the two temporal fenestrae of diapsid reptiles. Editor notes: consider separate class for squamosal
synonym: "pars squamosa (os temporale)" EXACT []
synonym: "squama temporalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Squama_temporalis]
synonym: "squama temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Squama_temporalis]
synonym: "squamosal" EXACT [AAO:0000574]
synonym: "squamosal bone" EXACT [MA:0001473]
synonym: "squamous bone" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000574
xref: EMAPA:18021
xref: FMA:52883
xref: MA:0001473
xref: SCTID:138672006
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="EHDAA2-inferred"} ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004339 {source="EHDAA2"} ! calvarium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001697
name: orbit
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_53074-MA_0002482
def: "the orbital bone is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated." [Wikipedia:Orbit_(anatomy)]
comment: Editor note: check orbit sensu bone vs orbital region
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bony orbit" EXACT []
synonym: "eye socket" EXACT []
synonym: "orbit of skull" EXACT [FMA:53074]
xref: AAO:0000343
xref: BTO:0004687
xref: FMA:53074
xref: GAID:223
xref: galen:Orbit
xref: MA:0002482
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.690
xref: ncithesaurus:Orbit
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvW8EgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001410
xref: XAO:0003171
xref: ZFA:0001410
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001698
name: foramen ovale of skull
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_53155-MA_0001873
def: "one of the larger of the several holes at the base of the skull that transmit nerves through the skull. The foramen ovale is situated in the anterior part of the sphenoid bone, posteriolateral to the foramen rotundum.." [Wikipedia:Foramen_ovale_(skull)]
synonym: "foramen ovale" NARROW [AAO:0000169, FMA:53155]
synonym: "foramen ovale (skull)" EXACT [FMA:53155]
synonym: "foramen ovale basis cranii" EXACT [galen:ForamenOvaleBasisCranii]
xref: AAO:0000169
xref: EHDAA2:0000551
xref: EHDAA:10627
xref: EMAPA:18711
xref: FMA:53155
xref: galen:ForamenOvaleBasisCranii
xref: VHOG:0001189
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001703
name: neurocranium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_53672-ZFA_0001580
def: "The neurocranium, which includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof, surrounds and protects the brain[PMID]." [PMID:11523816, Wikipedia:Neuroranium, ZFA:0001580]
comment: Development notes: The cartilaginous parts of the neurocranium undergo endochondral ossification in most species; ossification has been lost in cartilaginous fishes, but the cartilaginous condition of the skull of lampreys is considered to be primitive (Kardong, 1995)[PMID:11523816]. The neurocranium arises from paraxial mesoderm in the head (first five somites and the unsegmented somitomeres rostral to the first somite) and from ectoderm via the neural crest. In Chondrichthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates this portion of the cranium does not ossify; it is not replaced via endochondral ossification[WP]. Composition notes: It includes the following bones: Ethmoid bone, Frontal bone, Occipital bone, Parietal bone, Sphenoid bone, Temporal bone. The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton[WP] AO notes: It seems MA uses 'neurocranium' as a synonym for chondrocranium. Note there are currently some structures part of both viscero and neurocranium - ethmoid, zyogomatic, ...
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "brain box" EXACT []
synonym: "brain case" RELATED [ZFA:0001580]
synonym: "brain pan" RELATED [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/braincase]
synonym: "braincase" RELATED [ZFA:0001580]
xref: AAO:0010153
xref: EHDAA2:0000243
xref: FMA:53672
xref: MA:0000317
xref: SCTID:361731002
xref: TAO:0001580
xref: XAO:0003170
xref: ZFA:0001580
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004761 ! cartilaginous neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001704
name: viscerocranium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_53673-MA_0000318
def: "The part of skull that is derived from branchial arches. The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull. The splanchnocranium is derived from the neural crest cells (also responsible for the development of the neurocranium or, teeth and adrenal medulla)or from scleratone found in the somite block of the mesoderm. As with the neurocranium, in Chondricthyes and other cartilaginous vertebrates, they are not replaced via endochondral ossification. In tetrapods, such as amphibians and reptiles, the columella connecting to the tympanum is derived from the splanchnocranium. in mammals, the splanchnocranium derives the bones of the inner ear, the malleus, the incus and stapes[WP]. the part of the skull that comprises the facial bones[MP]." [MP:0005274, Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton]
comment: Includes: * Inferior nasal concha * Lacrimal bone * Mandible * Maxilla * Nasal bone * Palatine bone * Vomer * Zygomatic bone. The hyoid is sometimes included, and sometimes excluded (FMA includes it)[WP] See also notes for ethmoid bone.
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "facial bone" RELATED [MA:0000318]
synonym: "facial skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "ossa faciei, ossa facialia" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton]
synonym: "pharyngeal arch skeleton" RELATED [ZFA:0001216]
synonym: "pharyngeal skeleton" RELATED [ZFA:0001216]
synonym: "splanchnocranium" EXACT [VHOG:0000315, Wikipedia:Viscerocranium, ZFA:0001216]
xref: AAO:0010157
xref: EHDAA2:0002206
xref: EHDAA:8361
xref: EMAPA:18022
xref: FMA:53673
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg/200px-Illu_facial_bones.jpg
xref: MA:0000318
xref: TAO:0001216
xref: VHOG:0000315
xref: XAO:0003176
xref: ZFA:0001216
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001708
name: jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_54396-MA_0001905-ZFA_0001227
def: "Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA[MESH]." [Wikipedia:Jaw]
comment: Editor notes: in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates. Development notes: There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983). Function notes: consider adding a generic grouping class such as 'articulated structure of mouth'
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "jaw cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001227]
synonym: "jaws" RELATED []
synonym: "mandibular arch" RELATED []
synonym: "mandibular arch skeleton" EXACT [ZFA:0001227]
synonym: "oral jaw skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "visceral arch 1" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000988
xref: BTO:0001749
xref: FMA:54396
xref: GAID:214
xref: galen:Jaw
xref: MA:0001905
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502
xref: ncithesaurus:Jaw
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: TAO:0001227
xref: ZFA:0001227
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001709
name: upper jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_54397-MA_0001908-XAO_0003087-ZFA_0001272
def: "The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw." [Wikipedia:Upper_jaw, ZFIN:curator]
comment: AO notes: Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA. See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal mandibular arch" RELATED []
synonym: "dorsal visceral arch 1" EXACT [ZFA:0001272]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch" EXACT []
synonym: "upper pharyngeal jaw" EXACT [ZFA:0001272]
synonym: "upper pharyngeal jaws" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000620
xref: EHDAA2:0002118
xref: EHDAA:8025
xref: EMAPA:17924
xref: FMA:54397
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray189.png/200px-Gray189.png
xref: MA:0001908
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw
xref: VHOG:0000454
xref: XAO:0003087
is_a: UBERON:0001708 ! jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001710
name: lower jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_54398-MA_0001906-XAO_0003084-ZFA_0001273
def: "." [Wikipedia:Lower_jaw]
comment: AO notes: Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA. See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mandible" RELATED []
synonym: "mandibular series" RELATED []
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000272
xref: EFO:0003660
xref: EHDAA2:0001018
xref: EHDAA:7995
xref: EMAPA:17906
xref: FMA:54398
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Gray176.png/200px-Gray176.png
xref: MA:0001906
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.632
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw
xref: TAO:0001273
xref: VHOG:0000453
xref: XAO:0003084
xref: ZFA:0001273
is_a: UBERON:0001708 ! jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001716
name: secondary palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_54549-FMA_55023-MA_0002476-MA_0002477-MIAA_0000161
def: "Partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities[GO]. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior bony hard palate, and the posterior fleshy soft palate or velum. The maxillary nerve branch of the trigeminal nerve (V) supplies sensory innervation to the palate[WP]." [GO:0060021, Wikipedia:Palate, Wikipedia:Secondary_palate]
comment: present in mammals and some reptiles. A similar structure is found in crocodilians, but, in most other tetrapods, the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separate. The secondary palate is formed by bilateral medial extensions of maxillary processes. The extensions (palatine processes) meet at the midline, merging dorsally with nasal septum and rostrally with primary palate. The secondary palate (hard palate) separates nasal and oral cavities. Caudal extension of the secondary palate into the pharynx, forms a soft palate which divides the rostral pharynx into dorsal (nasopharynx) and ventral (oropharynx) chamber.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "definitive palate" EXACT [EMAPA:18948]
synonym: "oral roof" EXACT []
synonym: "palate" BROAD SENSU [EMAPA:18948, GO:0060021, MA:0002476]
synonym: "palatum" BROAD []
synonym: "palatum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palate]
synonym: "palatum secundarium; palatum definitivum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Secondary_palate]
synonym: "roof of mouth" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001779
xref: EMAPA:18948
xref: FMA:54549
xref: GAID:152
xref: galen:Palate
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Illu01_head_neck.jpg/200px-Illu01_head_neck.jpg
xref: MA:0002476
xref: MESH:A.14.521.658
xref: ncithesaurus:Palate
xref: SCTID:181227004
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001725
name: cranial synchondrosis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_54816-MA_0001502
def: "the cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, sphenooccipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosal synchondrosis, petrooccipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=87514]
xref: FMA:54816
xref: MA:0001502
xref: SCTID:314228003
is_a: UBERON:0002215 {source="FMA"} ! synchondrosis
is_a: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0002215 ! synchondrosis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001733
name: soft palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55021-MA_0002412-MIAA_0000039
def: "soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth. The soft palate is distinguished from the hard palate at the front of the mouth in that it does not contain bone[WP]. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate[GO]." [GO:0060023, Wikipedia:Soft_palate]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "muscular palate" RELATED [Wikipedia:Soft_palate]
synonym: "palatum molle, velum palatinum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Soft_palate]
synonym: "velum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Soft_palate]
xref: EMAPA:18949
xref: FMA:55021
xref: GAID:1284
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tonsils_diagram.jpg/200px-Tonsils_diagram.jpg
xref: MA:0002412
xref: MAT:0000039
xref: MESH:A.14.549.617.780
xref: MIAA:0000039
xref: ncithesaurus:Soft_Palate
xref: SCTID:245784004
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 {source="MA"} ! secondary palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001734
name: uvula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55022-MA_0001006
def: "Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers. The uvula, hanging from the end of the soft palate, is responsible for the sound of snoring. Touching the uvula or the end of the soft palate evokes a strong gag reflex in most people." [Wikipedia:Palatine_uvula]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "palatine uvula" EXACT []
synonym: "uvula of palate" EXACT []
synonym: "uvula palatina" EXACT [FMA:55022, FMA:TA]
synonym: "uvula palatina" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palatine_uvula]
xref: EFO:0001386
xref: FMA:55022
xref: GAID:1285
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tonsils_diagram.jpg/200px-Tonsils_diagram.jpg
xref: MESH:A.14.549.617.780.729
xref: ncithesaurus:Uvula
xref: SCTID:362082005
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001733 ! soft palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001738
name: thyroid cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55099-MA_0001764
def: "The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the trachea that contains the larynx. It is composed of two plate-like laminae that fuse on the anterior side of the cartilage to form a peak, called the laryngeal prominence. This prominence is often referred to as the 'pomus Adamus' or 'Adam's apple'. The laryngeal prominence is more prominent in adult male than female because of the difference in the size of the angle: 90ˇ in male and 120ˇ in female. The lip of the thyroid cartilage just superior to the laryngeal prominence is called the superior thyroid notch, while the notch inferior to the thyroid angle is called the inferior thyroid notch. Its posterior border is elongated both inferiorly and superiorly to form the superior horn of thyroid cartilage and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cartilago thyroidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago thyroidea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
synonym: "laryngeal prominence" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
synonym: "pomus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
synonym: "pomus adamus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroid_cartilage]
xref: BTO:0003655
xref: EHDAA2:0002030
xref: EHDAA:9395
xref: EMAPA:18698
xref: FMA:55099
xref: GAID:112
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Larynx_external_en.svg/200px-Larynx_external_en.svg.png
xref: MA:0001764
xref: MESH:A.02.165.507.870
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroid_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:263483000
xref: VHOG:0001365
is_a: UBERON:0001739 ! laryngeal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001739
name: laryngeal cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55108-MA_0001758
def: "the cartilaginous structures that support the larynx." [MP:0002256]
synonym: "cartilage of larynx" EXACT [FMA:55108]
synonym: "cartilagines laryngeales" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "larynx cartilage" EXACT [VHOG:0001550]
xref: BTO:0003660
xref: EHDAA:8157
xref: EMAPA:18697
xref: FMA:55108
xref: GAID:107
xref: MA:0001758
xref: MESH:A.02.165.507
xref: ncithesaurus:Laryngeal_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:263482005
xref: VHOG:0001550
is_a: UBERON:0007844 {source="FMA"} ! cartilaginous element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001740
name: arytenoid cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55109-MA_0001759
def: "The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal cords are attached. Each is pyramidal in form, and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_cartilage]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arytenoid" EXACT [EMAPA:18695]
synonym: "arytenoids" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilagines arytenoidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago arytaenoidea" RELATED [AAO:0000674]
xref: AAO:0000674
xref: EMAPA:17977
xref: EMAPA:18695
xref: FMA:55109
xref: GAID:109
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray950.png/200px-Gray950.png
xref: MA:0001759
xref: MESH:A.02.165.507.083
xref: ncithesaurus:Arytenoid_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:264446005
is_a: UBERON:0001739 ! laryngeal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001741
name: corniculate cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55110-MA_0001885
def: "The corniculate cartilages (cartilages of Santorini) are two small conical nodules consisting of yellow elastic cartilage, which articulate with the summits of the arytenoid cartilages and serve to prolong them posteriorly and medially. They are situated in the posterior parts of the aryepiglottic folds of mucous membrane, and are sometimes fused with the arytenoid cartilages. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Corniculate_cartilage]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cartilage of Santorini" EXACT []
synonym: "cartilagines corniculata" EXACT [Wikipedia:Corniculate_cartilage]
synonym: "Santorini's cartilage" EXACT []
xref: FMA:55110
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Gray952.png/200px-Gray952.png
xref: MA:0001885
xref: ncithesaurus:Corniculate_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:278989005
is_a: UBERON:0001996 {source="MA"} ! elastic cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003406 ! cartilage of respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001742
name: epiglottic cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55112-MA_0001763
def: "the most superior of the laryngeal cartilages, which is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing." [MP:0002259]
comment: AO notes: laryngeal cartilage in MP
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:55112
xref: MA:0001763
xref: ncithesaurus:Epiglottic_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:278990001
is_a: UBERON:0001996 ! elastic cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003406 ! cartilage of respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001751
name: dentine
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55628-MA_0002542-ZFA_0005143
def: "a tubular mineralized tissue[H&W]. In mammals - substance of tooth produced by odontoblasts; surrounds the pulp of the tooth and is subjacent to enamel and cement[FMA]. Mineralized collagen containing substance that forms the tooth structure[ZFA]. a calcified tissue of the body, and along with enamel, cementum, and pulp is one of the four major components of teeth[WP]." [Wikipedia:Dentin, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Dentine is found in the fossil record as early as the late Cambrian, in fish, where it may have had a role in electrochemical sensing of the environment as well as assisting in defense[WP]. H&W describe a continuum atubular - meta/orthodentine - mesi/semidentine - cement and without cementoblasts. TODO - odontoid tissue. Editors note: note the asserted dual is_a parentage, as dentine is both skeletal tissue and a substance
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dentin" EXACT [MA:0002542]
synonym: "dentine of tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "predentin" NARROW [GO:0070468]
xref: BTO:0003453
xref: FMA:55628
xref: GAID:1272
xref: MA:0002542
xref: MESH:A.14.254.900.280
xref: ncithesaurus:Dentin
xref: SCTID:362112004
xref: TAO:0005143
xref: VSAO:0000069
xref: XAO:0004051
xref: ZFA:0005143
is_a: UBERON:0001973 ! substance of tooth
is_a: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001752
name: enamel
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55629-MA_0002543-ZFA_0005142
def: "A dentine-like hypermineralized substance that covers the tooth tip. Enamel's primary mineral is hydroxylapatite, which is a crystalline calcium phosphate. Unlike dentin and bone, enamel does not contain collagen. Instead, it has two unique classes of proteins called amelogenins and enamelins[WP]." [Wikipedia:Enamel_organ, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Tooth enamel is also found in the dermal denticles of sharks UBERON:0000041. For the most part, research has shown that formation in animals is almost identical to formation in humans. The enamel organ, including the dental papilla, and ameloblasts function similarly.[53] The variations of enamel that are present are infrequent but sometimes important. Differences exist, certainly, in the morphology, number, and types of teeth among animals. H&W - highly mineralized, hard, prismatic, avascular outer layer of vertebrate teeth and some scales. Enamel is unique in being the only noncollagenous mineralized vertebrate skeletal tissue (Diekwisch, 2002). The enamel proteins amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, MMP-20, and EMSP-1 form a highly conserved family of matrix proteins (Satchell et al., 2002). Like dentine, enamel is both odontogenic and skeletogenic; enamel covers teeth and dermal skeletal tissues. Because of its very high mineral content, enamel is much more resistant to wear than dentine; some 96% of mammalian enamel is inorganic, and only 0.5% organic. // TODO - split enamel and enameloid
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "enamel of tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "enameloid" RELATED []
synonym: "tooth enamel" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001844
xref: FMA:55629
xref: MA:0002543
xref: MESH:A.14.254.900.255
xref: ncithesaurus:Enamel
xref: SCTID:362113009
xref: TAO:0005142
xref: VSAO:0000065
xref: XAO:0004198
xref: ZFA:0005142
is_a: UBERON:0001973 ! substance of tooth
is_a: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001753
name: cementum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55630-MA_0002541
def: "A bone-like mineralized tissue secreted by cementoblasts on the surface of root dentine or, in some animals, crown enamel[Diekwisch 2001]. Substance of tooth produced by cementoblasts; surrounds the dentine of the root of the tooth[FMA]. a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within the root of the tooth and is thickest at the root apex. Its coloration is yellowish and it is softer than enamel and dentin due to being less mineralized[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cementum]
comment: Cementum, the supporting tissue that anchors mammalian and crocodylian teeth into their sockets, differs among species and can have features of dentine, of bone, and of calcified cartilage, as well as unique features. Cementum is deposited by cementoblasts onto existing dentine. As in bone and dentine, cementoblasts produce an organic matrix, the main constituent of which is collagen type I (Bosshardt, 2005), but cementum, dentine, and bone also share a number of important noncollagenous matrix components such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, a2-HS- glycoprotein, dentine matrix protein, dentine sialoprotein, and den- tine phosphoprotein (McKee et al., 1996; Bosshardt, 2005). it has been argued that in all rodents and ruminants, cementum is a form of calcified cartilage[H&W]
synonym: "cement" EXACT []
synonym: "cement of tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "cementum" EXACT []
synonym: "cementum of tooth" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0002525
xref: FMA:55630
xref: MA:0002541
xref: MESH:A.14.254.646.267
xref: ncithesaurus:Cementum
xref: SCTID:362114003
xref: VSAO:0000062
xref: XAO:0004196
is_a: UBERON:0001973 ! substance of tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001754
name: dental pulp
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_55631-MA_0001599
def: "the part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]." [Wikipedia:Dental_pulp]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dental pulp cell" RELATED [BTO:0000339]
synonym: "pulp of tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "tooth pulp" EXACT [ZFA:0005141]
xref: BTO:0000339
xref: FMA:55631
xref: GAID:1270
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg/200px-Tooth_Section.svg.png
xref: MA:0001599
xref: MESH:A.14.254.900.260
xref: ncithesaurus:Dental_Pulp
xref: SCTID:362110007
xref: TAO:0005141
xref: VHOG:0001469
xref: ZFA:0005141
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001763 ! dental papilla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001755
name: distal part of styloid process of temporal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_56472-ZFA_0001511
def: "A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal[biology-online]. The interhyal is a small rod-like element that connects the ventral and dorsal parts of the hyoid arch. It articulates laterally with the posterior end of the epihyal and medially at the cartilaginous junction between the hyomandibula and the symplectic. It remains cartilaginous in adult zebrafish and other cypriniforms[ZFA]." [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Stylohyal]
comment: TODO - check
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "distal part of styloid process" EXACT [FMA:56472]
synonym: "stylohyal" BROAD [FMA:56472]
xref: FMA:56472
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003960 ! styloid process of temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001758
name: periodontium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_56665-MA_0002467
def: "The tissues that invest or help to invest and support the teeth, including the periodontal ligament, gingivae, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone[BTO]." [BTO:0001021, Wikipedia:Periodontium]
comment: note FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same
synonym: "paradentium" RELATED [MESH:A.14.254.646]
synonym: "periodontal ligament" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:56665]
synonym: "periodontal membrane" RELATED [MA:0002467]
synonym: "tooth supporting structure" RELATED [MESH:A.14.254.646]
xref: BTO:0001021
xref: FMA:56665
xref: GAID:216
xref: MESH:A.14.254.646
xref: ncithesaurus:Periodontium
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: has_part CL:0002166 {source="FMA"} ! epithelial cell of Malassez
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003672 {source="cjm"} ! dentition

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001762
name: nasal concha
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_57456-MA_0000286
def: "In anatomy, a nasal concha (or turbinate) is a long, narrow and curled bone shelf (shaped like an elongated sea-shell) which protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose. Turbinate bone refers to any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in vertebrates. In humans, the turbinates divide the nasal airway into three groove-like air passages Đand are responsible for forcing inhaled air to flow in a steady, regular pattern around the largest possible surface of cilia and climate controlling tissue. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_concha]
comment: Note that FMA considers nasal concha and nasal concha of ethmoid bone to be synonymous. We disambiguate these here
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "concha" RELATED [EMAPA:25093]
synonym: "conchae nasales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasal_concha]
synonym: "nasal turbinate" EXACT []
synonym: "turbinate" EXACT []
synonym: "turbinate bone" EXACT [EMAPA:25093]
xref: EHDAA2:0004101
xref: EMAPA:25093
xref: GAID:224
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gray153.png/200px-Gray153.png
xref: MA:0000286
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.948
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Turbinate
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv07bVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:361931007
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001763
name: dental papilla
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_57662-MA_0001598-ZFA_0005140
def: "Tissue of the developing tooth. It is composed of pre-odontoblast and undiffentiated mesnchyme cells and connects to the basal lamina[ZFA]. The dental papilla is a condensation of ectomesenchymal cells called odontoblasts, seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. It lies below a cellular aggregation known as the enamel organ. The dental papilla appears after 8-10 weeks intra uteral life. The dental papilla gives rise to the dentin and pulp of a tooth. The enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental follicle together forms one unit, called the tooth germ. This is of importance because all the tissues of a tooth and its supporting structures form from these distinct cellular aggregations." [Wikipedia:Dental_papilla, ZFA:0005140]
comment: todo - add child terms for EMAPA. todo - check if the FMA and MA structures refer to developed structures. todo - check part_of - should perhaps be adjacent_to? Check relationships across taxa.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dentinal papilla" RELATED [BTO:0001839]
synonym: "papilla dentis" RELATED [BTO:0001839]
synonym: "papilla dentis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dental_papilla]
synonym: "pharyngeal tooth mesenchyme" RELATED [ZFA:0005140]
synonym: "tooth mesenchyme" RELATED [ZFA:0005140]
xref: BTO:0001839
xref: FMA:57662
xref: GAID:1277
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray1011.png/200px-Gray1011.png
xref: MA:0001598
xref: MESH:A.14.254.900.720.250
xref: TAO:0005140
xref: VHOG:0001465
xref: VSAO:0000025
xref: XAO:0004045
xref: ZFA:0005140
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 {source="MA"} ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001774
name: muscle of trunk
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_58274-MA_0000514
def: "Muscle organ which is a part of the trunk. Examples: external intercostal muscle, external oblique, levator ani." []
comment: TODO - check muscle organ vs musculature
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "body musculature" EXACT [ZFA:0000473]
synonym: "muscle organ of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "trunk muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk musculature" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000611
xref: EFO:0003531
xref: FMA:58274
xref: MA:0000514
xref: TAO:0000473
xref: XAO:0003230
xref: ZFA:0000473
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001822
name: orbital septum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_59328-MA_0001259
def: "a membranous sheet that acts as the anterior boundary of the orbit. It extends from the orbital rims to the eyelids[WP]." [Wikipedia:Orbital_septum]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "septum orbitale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Orbital_septum]
xref: FMA:59328
xref: MA:0001259
xref: SCTID:368859002
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0001697 ! orbit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001823
name: nasal cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_59502-MA_0001883
def: "One of the cartilage structures in the nose that provide form and support[WP]." [Wikipedia:Nasal_cartilage]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cartilage of nose" EXACT []
xref: FMA:59502
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gray852.png/200px-Gray852.png
xref: MA:0001883
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:278941001
is_a: UBERON:0003406 ! cartilage of respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001839
name: bony labyrinth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_60179-MA_0000238-XAO_0000193
def: "A system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Bony_labyrinth]
comment: Ideally we would place a spatially disjoint from relationship to membranous labyrinth, but there are many parts in common. this should be resolved.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "labyrinthus osseus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Bony_labyrinth]
synonym: "osseous labyrinth" EXACT []
synonym: "osseus labyrinth" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0011078
xref: BTO:0004685
xref: EV:0100362
xref: FMA:60179
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Gray920.png/200px-Gray920.png
xref: MA:0000238
xref: ncithesaurus:Osseous_Labyrinth
xref: SCTID:279727008
xref: VHOG:0001219
xref: XAO:0000193
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001694 ! petrous part of temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001844
name: cochlea
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_60201-MA_0000240-MIAA_0000144-XAO_0000197
def: "The cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear. Its core component is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. The name is from the Latin for snail, which is from the Greek kokhlias 'snail, screw,' from kokhlos 'spiral shell,' in reference to its coiled shape; the cochlea is coiled in most mammals, monotremes being the exceptions. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cochlea]
comment: The association with 'lagena' in frog and fish comes from HOG, although HOG is inconsistent here, associating lagena with XAO cochlea and ZFA cochlear duct. NBK53175 says:  "In contrast, the ventrally located auditory chambers have undergone more extensive evolutionary modifications. The saccule and lagena are prominent auditory organs in fish but the saccule has a vestibular role in mammals and birds, and the lagena is absent in mammals. The primary au- ditory organ in mammals and birds is the cochlea, which has no known counterpart in amphibians and fish (Riley and Phillips, 2003)"
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cochlear organ" RELATED [BTO:0000267]
synonym: "cochlear part of bony labyrinth" EXACT []
synonym: "lagena" EXACT SENSU [XAO:0000197]
xref: AAO:0000253
xref: BTO:0000267
xref: EFO:0000357
xref: EMAPA:17597
xref: EV:0100363
xref: FMA:60201
xref: GAID:724
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png
xref: MA:0000240
xref: MAT:0000144
xref: MESH:A.09.246.631.246
xref: MIAA:0000144
xref: ncithesaurus:Cochlea
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1190
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_883
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvqfJmJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181187008
xref: TAO:0000374
xref: VHOG:0000691
xref: XAO:0000197
xref: ZFA:0000374
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001839 ! bony labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001848
name: auricular cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_61013-MA_0001227
synonym: "cartilage of pinna" EXACT [FMA:61013]
xref: FMA:61013
xref: MA:0001227
xref: SCTID:279627003
is_a: UBERON:0001867 ! cartilage of external ear

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001855
name: cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_61119-MA_0000243
def: "An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Houses the organ of Corti[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cochlear_duct]
comment: TODO: check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cochlea duct" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562]
synonym: "cochlear aqueduct" RELATED []
synonym: "cochlear duct" EXACT []
synonym: "ductus cochlearis" RELATED [BTO:0001692]
synonym: "ductus cochlearis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cochlear_duct]
synonym: "membranous cochlea" RELATED [BTO:0001692]
synonym: "Reissner's canal" EXACT []
synonym: "reissners canal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562]
synonym: "scala media" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cochlear_duct]
synonym: "scala medias" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562]
synonym: "scala of Loewenberg" RELATED [BTO:0001692]
xref: BTO:0001692
xref: EHDAA2:0000262
xref: EHDAA:4718
xref: EMAPA:17598
xref: FMA:61119
xref: GAID:874
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gray928.png/200px-Gray928.png
xref: MA:0000243
xref: MESH:A.09.246.631.246.292
xref: ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Duct
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2562
xref: SCTID:279849006
xref: VHOG:0000507
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002499 ! cochlear labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001863
name: scala vestibuli
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_61269-MA_0001206
def: "Scala vestibuli is a perilymph filled cavity inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It is separated from the scala media by Reissner's membrane and extends from the oval window to the helicotrema where it joins scala tympani. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scala_vestibuli]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:61269
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray923.png/200px-Gray923.png
xref: MA:0001206
xref: SCTID:362578000
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001864
name: scala tympani
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_61272-MA_0001205
def: "Scala tympani is one of the perilymph-filled cavities in the cochlear labyrinth. It is separated from the scala media by the basilar membrane, and it extends from the round window to the helicotrema, where it continues as scala vestibuli. The purpose of the perilymph-filled scala tympani and scala vestibuli is to transduce the movement of air that causes the tympanic membrane and the ossicles to vibrate, to movement of liquid and the basilar membrane. This movement is conveyed to the organ of Corti inside the scala media, composed of hair cells attached to the basilar membrane and their stereocilia embedded in the tectorial membrane. The movement of the basilar membrane compared to the tectorial membrane causes the sterocilia to bend. They then depolarise and send impulses to the brain via the cochlear nerve. This produces the sensation of sound. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scala_tympani]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:61272
xref: GAID:879
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png
xref: MA:0001205
xref: MESH:A.09.246.631.246.848
xref: SCTID:362579008
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001867
name: cartilage of external ear
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_61339-MA_0001886
def: "A cartilage that is part of a external ear [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "auricular region cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "auricular region of head cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of auricular region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of auricular region of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of outer ear" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "external ear cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "outer ear cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:61339
xref: GAID:103
xref: MA:0001886
xref: MESH:A.02.165.207
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Ear_Cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001996 ! elastic cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001956
name: cartilage of bronchus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_62649-MA_0001835
def: "the hyaline cartilaginous structures that support the bronchi, present as irregular rings in the larger bronchi (and not as regular as in the trachea), and as small plates and islands in the smaller bronchi; as the branching continues through the bronchial tree, the amount of hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases until it is absent in the smallest bronchioles[MP]." [MP:0010988]
synonym: "bronchi cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "bronchial cartilage ring" EXACT [MP:0010988]
synonym: "bronchial trunk cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "cartilage of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilagines bronchiales" EXACT PLURAL []
xref: FMA:62649
xref: MA:0001835
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:278980009
is_a: UBERON:0001994 {source="MP"} ! hyaline cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003603 ! lower respiratory tract cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001973
name: substance of tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_63001-MA_0002540
def: "Body substance in solid state produced by odontoblasts, amyloblasts or cementoblasts.[FMA]" [FMA:63001]
comment: note the asserted dual parentage. This is deliberate, pending better definitions of the distinction between substance and tissue
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "portion of substance of tooth" EXACT [FMA:63001]
synonym: "tooth substance" EXACT []
xref: FMA:63001
xref: MA:0002540
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001994
name: hyaline cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_64783-MA_0000109
def: "Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium." [Wikipedia:Hyaline_cartilage]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hyaline cartilage tissue" EXACT []
xref: FMA:64783
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Gray292.png/200px-Gray292.png
xref: MA:0000109
xref: ncithesaurus:Hyaline_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:39298000
xref: VSAO:0000094
xref: XAO:0004029
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001995
name: fibrocartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_64784-MA_0000108
def: "Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns[VSAO]. A mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions. It owes its flexibility and toughness to the former of these constituents, and its elasticity to the latter. It is the only type of cartilage that contains type I collagen in addition to the normal type II[WP]. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel without a well-defined perichondrium[FMA]." [FMA:64784, VSAO:0000103, Wikipedia:Fibrocartilage]
comment: The white fibrocartilages admit of arrangement into four groupsŃinterarticular, connecting, circumferential, and stratiform -- WP. TODO: add mineralized
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:64784
xref: galen:Fibrocartilage
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gray295.png/200px-Gray295.png
xref: MA:0000108
xref: ncithesaurus:Fibrocartilage
xref: SCTID:91685003
xref: VSAO:0000103
xref: XAO:0004028
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001996
name: elastic cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_64785-MA_0000107
def: "Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which consists of elastic fibers." [FMA:64785, Wikipedia:Elastic_cartilage]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "elastic cartilage tissue" EXACT [VSAO:0000091]
synonym: "yellow elastic cartilage" EXACT [Wikipedia:Elastic_cartilage]
xref: FMA:64785
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Gray904.png/200px-Gray904.png
xref: MA:0000107
xref: ncithesaurus:Elastic_Cartilage
xref: VSAO:0000091
xref: XAO:0004197
is_a: UBERON:0002418 {source="FMA"} ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0001998
name: sternocostal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_64877-MA_0001512
def: "arthrodial joints, with the exception of the first, in which the cartilage is directly united with the sternum, and which is, therefore, a synarthrodial articulation." [Wikipedia:Sternocostal_joints]
comment: AO notes - FMA has FMA:72323 'Costosternal joint', isa Synchondrosis, no other relationships
synonym: "articulatio sternocostalis" EXACT [FMA:7954]
synonym: "articulationes sternocostales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sternocostal_joints]
synonym: "sternochondral joint" EXACT [FMA:7954]
synonym: "sternocostal synovial joint" EXACT [FMA:7954]
synonym: "synovial sternocostal joint" EXACT [FMA:7954]
xref: FMA:7954
xref: GAID:271
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Gray315.png/200px-Gray315.png
xref: MA:0001512
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.790
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternocostal_Joint
xref: SCTID:361860002
is_a: UBERON:0002001 {source="MA"} ! joint of rib
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0000975 ! sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002000
name: gluteal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_64922-MA_0000535
def: "." [Wikipedia:Gluteal_muscles]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "gluteus" RELATED [BTO:0000531]
synonym: "gluteus muscle" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000531
xref: EHDAA2:0000715
xref: FMA:64922
xref: MA:0000535
xref: ncithesaurus:Gluteal_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001497 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002001
name: joint of rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_64994-MA_0001508
def: "Any joint that connects a rib to another structure (or another rib). Examples: costochondral, costovertebral, interchondral, sternocostal joints." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "rib joint" EXACT []
xref: FMA_RETIRED:64994
xref: MA:0001508
xref: ncithesaurus:Joint_of_the_Rib
xref: SCTID:263314001
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: connects UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003252 ! rib cage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002002
name: interchondral joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_64996-MA_0001511
def: "Interchondral Articulations (articulations of the cartilages of the ribs with each other). The contiguous borders of the sixth, seventh, and eighth, and sometimes those of the ninth and tenth, costal cartilages articulate with each other by small, smooth, oblong facets. Each articulation is enclosed in a thin articular capsule, lined by synovial membrane and strengthened laterally and medially by ligamentous fibers which pass from one cartilage to the other. Sometimes the fifth costal cartilages, more rarely the ninth and tenth, articulate by their lower borders with the adjoining cartilages by small oval facets; more frequently the connection is by a few ligamentous fibers." [Wikipedia:Interchondral_articulations]
comment: Editor notes: Consider creating logical definition after obo2owl cardinality tests. AO notes: FMA has both synovial and syndesmosis subtypes - consider adding separate class for FMA:7955 Synovial interchondral joint
synonym: "articulatio interchondralis" EXACT [FMA:7955]
synonym: "articulationes interchondrales" EXACT [FMA:71378, FMA:TA]
synonym: "interchondral articulation" EXACT [Wikipedia:Interchondral_articulations]
synonym: "interchondral joints" EXACT [FMA:71378]
synonym: "interchondral joints set" EXACT [FMA:71378]
synonym: "synovial interchondral joint" EXACT [FMA:7955]
xref: FMA:10425
xref: MA:0001511
xref: SCTID:303101003
is_a: UBERON:0002001 {source="MA"} ! joint of rib
is_a: UBERON:0002210 {source="FMA"} ! syndesmosis
relationship: connects UBERON:0002228 {cardinality="2"} ! rib
relationship: connects UBERON:0002228 {notes="connects two adjacent ribs"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002018
name: synovial membrane
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_66762-MA_0000114
def: "Soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities (synovial joints)." [Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "membrana synovialis capsulae articularis" RELATED [GAID:264]
synonym: "membrana synovialis capsulae articularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Synovial_membrane]
synonym: "stratum synoviale" EXACT [FMA:66762, FMA:TA]
synonym: "synovial layer" EXACT [FMA:66762]
synonym: "synovial sheath" RELATED [FMA:General_anatomical_term]
synonym: "synovium" EXACT [BTO:0001823, VHOG:0001282]
xref: AEO:0000181
xref: BTO:0001823
xref: EFO:0001393
xref: EHDAA2:0003181
xref: EV:0100143
xref: FMA:66762
xref: GAID:264
xref: galen:SynovialMembrane
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Synovium.png/200px-Synovium.png
xref: MA:0000114
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.443.800
xref: ncithesaurus:Synovial_Membrane
xref: SCTID:361828005
xref: VHOG:0001282
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001484 {source="GAID"} ! articular capsule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002217 {source="EHDAA2"} ! synovial joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002033
name: arrector muscle of hair
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_67821-MA_0000778
def: "tiny muscle fiber attached to each hair follicle, which contract to make the hairs stand on end, causing goose bumps. They exist in most mammals including humans." [Wikipedia:Arrector_pili]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arrector pili" EXACT [FMA:67821, MA:0000778]
synonym: "arrector pili muscle" EXACT [EMAPA:26779, MP:0010679]
synonym: "arrector pili smooth muscle" EXACT [MA:0000778]
synonym: "arrector pilli" EXACT [MP:0010679]
synonym: "arrector pilli muscle" EXACT [MP:0010679]
xref: BTO:0005132
xref: EMAPA:26771
xref: EMAPA:26775
xref: EMAPA:26779
xref: FMA:67821
xref: MA:0000778
xref: SCTID:319910005
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002036
name: striated muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_67905-MA_0002438
def: "Tissue which consists of striated muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue, Cardiac muscle tissue[FMA]." [FMA:67905, Wikipedia:Striated_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "striated muscle" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010762
xref: AEO:0000140
xref: EHDAA2:0003140
xref: FMA:67905
xref: galen:StriatedMuscle
xref: MA:0002438
xref: ncithesaurus:Striated_Muscle_Tissue
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwAoze5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: WBbt:0005779
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002063
name: sinus venosus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_70303-ZFA_0000154
def: "The sinus venosus is a large quadrangular cavity which precedes the atrium on the venous side of the chordate heart. In humans, it exists distinctly only in the embryonic heart, where it is found between the two venae cavae. In the adult, it is incorporated into the wall of the right atrium to form a smooth part called the sinus venarum, also known as the venarum sinus, which is separated from the rest of the atrium by a ridge of fibres called the crista terminalis. The sinus venosus also forms the SA node and the coronary sinus. In the embryo, the thin walls of the sinus venosus are connected below with the right ventricle, and medially with the left atrium, but are free in the rest of their extent. It receives blood from the vitelline vein, umbilical vein and common cardinal vein. It originally starts as a paired structure but shifts towards associating only with the right atrium as the embryonic heart develops. The left portion shrinks in size and eventually forms the coronary sinus and oblique vein of the left atrium, whereas the right part becomes incorporated into the right atrium to form the sinus venarum." [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
comment: In zebrafish, "the sinus venosus also acts as a pacemaker and is the first to contract"[ZFA:0000154]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "inflow tract" EXACT [ZFA:0000154]
synonym: "sinus venarum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
synonym: "sinus venosus cordis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
synonym: "venarum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
synonym: "venarum sinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
synonym: "venosus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus]
xref: AAO:0010505
xref: EHDAA2:0001839
xref: EHDAA:480
xref: EMAPA:16237
xref: FMA:70303
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray465.png/200px-Gray465.png
xref: ncithesaurus:Sinus_Venosus
xref: TAO:0000154
xref: VHOG:0000177
xref: ZFA:0000154
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="VHOG"} ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002086
name: sinoatrial valve
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_71120-ZFA_0000680
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:71120
xref: TAO:0000680
xref: ZFA:0000680
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002063 ! sinus venosus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002090
name: postcranial axial skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_71221-MA_0000308-MIAA_0000148-XAO_0003073-ZFA_0000317
def: "The post-cranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2983975&group_id=76834&atid=974957, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=2983977&group_id=76834, ZFA:0000317]
comment: previous some AOs had used the term 'axial skeleton' to include the skull. This is being resolved (see tracker items above). Status: MA - fixed.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "axial skeleton" BROAD [MA:0000308]
synonym: "post-cranial axial skeleton" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000034
xref: EHDAA2:0000161
xref: EHDAA:5049
xref: EMAPA:17214
xref: EMAPA:18043
xref: MA:0002986
xref: MAT:0000148
xref: MIAA:0000148
xref: TAO:0000317
xref: VHOG:0000317
xref: VSAO:0000093
xref: XAO:0003073
xref: ZFA:0000317
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005944 ! axial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011138 ! post-cranial axial skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002091
name: entire appendicular skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_71222-MA_0000290-MIAA_0000278-ZFA_0000027
def: "Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the  skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003, Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton]
comment: Note that ontologies differ in whether they treat the term appendicular skeleton as being the entire set of bones in the limbs, or whether the fore and hind limbs/fins are treated as seperate appendicular skeletons. Here we follow FMA, and treat the appendicular skeleton as the sum total of skeletal elements in the organism (this is evidenced by the fact that in FMA, skeleton of left/right upper/lower limb is part_of a appendicular skeleton, and subtypes of 'subdivision of appendicular skeleton'). We have separate classes such as 'skeleton of limb', and 'skeleton of hindlimb' for the 4 parts of the appendicular skeleton. In future the ZFA/TAO classes may be moved.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "appendicular skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "paired fin skeleton" NARROW SENSU []
synonym: "skeleton appendiculare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Appendicular_skeleton]
xref: AAO:0000747
xref: EFO:0000951
xref: FMA:71222
xref: MA:0000290
xref: MAT:0000278
xref: MIAA:0000278
xref: ncithesaurus:Appendicular_Skeleton
xref: SCTID:322050006
xref: TAO:0000027
xref: VSAO:0000076
xref: XAO:0003166
xref: ZFA:0000027
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002111
name: artery smooth muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_72024-MA_0000708
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "arterial smooth muscle" EXACT [BTO:0000087]
synonym: "artery smooth muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "artery smooth muscle tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "smooth muscle of artery" EXACT [FMA:72024]
xref: BTO:0000087
xref: FMA:72024
xref: MA:0000708
xref: ncithesaurus:Artery_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004237 ! blood vessel smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004695 ! arterial system smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002112
name: smooth muscle of esophagus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_72025-MA_0001573
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "esophagus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus smooth muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "esophagus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus smooth muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "oesophagus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:72025
xref: MA:0001573
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003832 ! esophagus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002204
name: musculoskeletal system
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7482-MA_0002418-XAO_0000168
def: "Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems." [VSAO:0000031, Wikipedia:Musculoskeletal_system]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculo-skeletal system" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010546
xref: EV:0100139
xref: FMA:7482
xref: GAID:98
xref: MA:0002418
xref: MESH:A.02
xref: ncithesaurus:Musculoskeletal_System
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rQRpVNgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g
xref: SCTID:278858007
xref: VHOG:0001275
xref: VSAO:0000031
xref: XAO:0000168
is_a: UBERON:0000467 ! anatomical system
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002205
name: manubrium of sternum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7486-ZFA_0001601
def: "broad, upper part of the sternum. Located ventrally with a quadrangular shape, wider superiorly and narrower inferiorly, it articulates with the clavicles and the first two ribs[WP]." [Wikipedia:Manubrium]
comment: not to be confused with manubrium of eardrum. todo - find reference to support disjointness assertion with teleost
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "manubrium" BROAD []
synonym: "manubrium of sternum" EXACT []
synonym: "manubrium sterni" EXACT [EMAPA:18723]
synonym: "sternal manubrium" EXACT [MA:0001332]
xref: AAO:0000680
xref: EMAPA:18723
xref: FMA:7486
xref: GAID:247
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gray116.png/200px-Gray116.png
xref: MA:0001332
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.904.766.442
xref: ncithesaurus:Sternal_Manubrium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvXOLAZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182014008
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006722 ! manubrium of malleus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002207
name: xiphoid process
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7488-MA_0001884
def: "The xiphoid process, also known as the xiphisternum, is a small cartilaginous extension to the lower part of the sternum which is usually ossified in the adult human. By age 15 to 29, the xiphoid usually fuses to the body of the sternum with a fibrous joint. Unlike the synovial articulation of major joints, this is non-movable. Much the way the first seven ribs articulate with the sternum, the cartilage in the celiac plexus joins on the xiphoid process, reinforcing it, and indirectly attaches the costal cartilage to the sternum. [WP,unvetted]." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3153001&group_id=76834&atid=1205376, Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
comment: this class may represent a mixed bony-cartilage element, or it may be the superclass of either purely cartilage or purely ossified elements
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "metasternum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "processus xiphoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "processus xiphoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphisternum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphoid process" EXACT [FMA:7488]
synonym: "xiphoid process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphoid process of sternum" EXACT []
synonym: "xiphoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphosternal junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xyphoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
xref: FMA:7488
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Gray117.png/200px-Gray117.png
xref: MA:0001334
xref: ncithesaurus:Xiphoid_Process
xref: SCTID:272711000
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002208
name: sternebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7489-MA_0001333
def: "one of the bony segments of the sternum[TFD]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sternebra, Wikipedia:Sternebra]
comment: Note that some definitions state that this a segment of the primordial sternum. We classify this under skeletal element, we are neutral as to whether these are bones or segments (fused bone)
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sternebral bone" RELATED [EMAPA:18724]
xref: EMAPA:18724
xref: FMA:7489
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg/200px-Illu_thoracic_cage.jpg
xref: MA:0001333
xref: SCTID:95955004
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006295 ! sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 {source="MA"} ! sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002209
name: fibrous joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7492-MA_0000321
def: "Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, gomphosis.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Fibrous_joint]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "articulatio fibrosa" EXACT []
synonym: "junctura fibrosa" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fibrous_joint]
xref: AEO:0000178
xref: EHDAA2:0003178
xref: FMA:7492
xref: MA:0000321
xref: SCTID:37772004
xref: TAO:0005156
xref: ZFA:0005156
is_a: UBERON:0011134 {source="FMA"} ! nonsynovial joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002210
name: syndesmosis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7494-MA_0001500
def: "Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the vertebral column and the limbs as well as articulating ossicles, are connected by skeletal ligaments or membranes. Examples: Intervertebral syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular joint.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Syndesmosis]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:7494
xref: MA:0001500
xref: SCTID:89358004
is_a: UBERON:0002209 ! fibrous joint
is_a: UBERON:0002213 ! cartilaginous joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002213
name: cartilaginous joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7496-MA_0000320
def: "Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT []
synonym: "junctura cartilaginea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cartilaginous_joint]
xref: FMA:7496
xref: MA:0000320
xref: SCTID:58442004
xref: TAO:0005155
xref: ZFA:0005155
is_a: UBERON:0011134 {source="FMA"} ! nonsynovial joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002215
name: synchondrosis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7497-MA_0001501
def: "Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by hyaline cartilage. Examples: spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Synchondrosis]
comment: Editor's note: WP considers epiphyseal plates as subtypes of this // consider adding link to hyaline cartilage
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cartilago epiphysialis" EXACT [FMA:7497, FMA:TA]
synonym: "epiphysial cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "primary cartilaginous joint" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7497
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray297.png/200px-Gray297.png
xref: MA:0001501
xref: SCTID:42903008
is_a: UBERON:0002209 {source="MA"} ! fibrous joint
is_a: UBERON:0002213 ! cartilaginous joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002216
name: symphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7498-MA_0001504
def: "Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by fibrocartilage. Examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral symphysis, manubriosternal joint.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Symphysis]
comment: Editors note: consider adding fibrocartilage class
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "secondary cartilaginous joint" EXACT [FMA:7498]
xref: FMA:7498
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Gray298.png/200px-Gray298.png
xref: MA:0001504
xref: SCTID:1584001
is_a: UBERON:0002209 {source="MA"} ! fibrous joint
is_a: UBERON:0002213 {source="FMA"} ! cartilaginous joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002217
name: synovial joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7501-MA_0000322
def: "Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Synovial_joint]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "articulatio synoviale" EXACT []
synonym: "diarthrodial joints" RELATED [ZFA:0005153]
synonym: "diarthroses" EXACT [ZFA:0005153]
xref: AEO:0000183
xref: EHDAA2:0003183
xref: FMA:7501
xref: galen:SynovialJoint
xref: MA:0000322
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:113234001
xref: TAO:0005153
xref: ZFA:0005153
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
disjoint_from: UBERON:0011134 ! nonsynovial joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002218
name: tympanic ring
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_75053-MA_0001225
def: "a C-shaped membranous bone that provides physical support to the tympanic membrane. The tympanic ring develops sequentially from an initial primordium in the first branchial arch growing in a circumferential fashion around the first pharyngeal cleft into the second branchial arch (Mallo and Gridley, 1996). In most mammals, the tympanic ring exists only during embryonic life, when it coordinates proper development and positioning of the eardrum (see below), and then becomes integrated into the temporal bone[PMID]." [MP:0000030, PMID:11237469]
comment: AO notes: in FMA, the tympanic ring is an anatomical line. Howevever PMID:11237469 states: "the tympanic ring, which serves as support for the tympanic membrane, directs invagination of the first pharingeal cleft ectoderm to form the external acoustic meatus (EAM), which provides the outer layer of the membrane". Taxon notes: check amphibians - in AAO "Funnel-like ring structure located lateral to the ventral ramus of the squamosal, beneath the skin; it provides support to the tympanic membrane". Gene notes: Gsc and Prx1 are essential for tympanic ring development
synonym: "tympanic annulus" RELATED []
synonym: "tympanic membrane annulus" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000615
xref: EMAPA:19197
xref: MA:0001225
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="PMID:11237469"} ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0003457 ! head bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002221
name: fontanelle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_75438-MA_0001465
def: "Anatomical structure that is a membranous gap between bones of the skull[TAO]. In humans: Fontanelles are soft spots on a baby's head which, during birth, enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. The ossification of the bones of the skull cause the fontanelles to close over by a child's second birthday. The closures eventually form the sutures of the neurocranium. Although there are the two anterior and posterior fontanelles, there are two more fontanelles of interest, the mastoid fontanelle, and the sphenoidal fontanelle[WP]." [Wikipedia:Fontanelle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "fontanel" EXACT []
synonym: "fonticuli cranii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Fontanelle]
xref: FMA:75438
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray197.png/200px-Gray197.png
xref: MA:0001465
xref: ncithesaurus:Fontanelle
xref: TAO:0001738
xref: ZFA:0005536
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002225
name: costal arch
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7569-MA_0001396
def: "The costal margin, sometimes referred to as the costal arch, is the medial margin formed by the false ribs -- specifically, from the eighth rib to the tenth rib." [Wikipedia:Costal_margin]
comment: todo - split? check part_of relationship
synonym: "arcus costae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Costal_margin]
synonym: "arcus costalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Costal_margin]
synonym: "costal margin" RELATED [Wikipedia:Costal_margin]
synonym: "subcostal arch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Costal_margin]
xref: FMA:7569
xref: FMA:7570
xref: MA:0001396
xref: ncithesaurus:Costal_Arch
xref: SCTID:367767002
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 {source="MA"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002226
name: basilar membrane of cochlea
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_75706-MA_0001190
def: "a stiff structural element that separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani[WP]." [Wikipedia:Basilar_membrane]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "basilar membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina basilaris ductus cochlearis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Basilar_membrane]
xref: FMA:75706
xref: GAID:872
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Organ_of_corti.svg/200px-Organ_of_corti.svg.png
xref: MA:0001190
xref: MESH:A.09.246.631.246.125
xref: ncithesaurus:Basilar_Membrane
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2521
xref: SCTID:362574003
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002227
name: spiral organ of cochlea
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_75715-MA_0001193
def: "The organ of Corti (or spiral organ) is the organ in the inner ear of mammals that contains auditory sensory cells, or 'hair cells.' [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Organ_of_Corti]
comment: Todo - check XAO, taxon constraints
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "basilar papilla" RELATED [BTO:0001691]
synonym: "cochlear spiral organ" EXACT []
synonym: "Corti's organ" RELATED [BTO:0001691]
synonym: "organ of corti" RELATED []
synonym: "organum spirale" RELATED [BTO:0001691]
synonym: "organum spirale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Organ_of_Corti]
synonym: "spiral organ" EXACT []
synonym: "spiral organ of corti" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0011018
xref: BTO:0001691
xref: EFO:0001364
xref: EMAPA:19061
xref: EMAPA:19151
xref: EV:0100364
xref: FMA:75715
xref: GAID:772
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png
xref: MA:0001193
xref: ncithesaurus:Organ_of_Corti
xref: ncithesaurus:Spiral_Organ_of_Corti
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2526
xref: XAO:0003145
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002228
name: rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7574-MA_0000315-ZFA_0000538
def: "An intersegmental rod-shaped bone that forms in the peritoneal membrane and attach to the vertebral parapophyses. They protect and support internal organs. In most vertebrates, ribs surround the chest. they enable lungs to expand by expanding the chest, they also protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thorax. In some animals, especially snakes, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body." [Wikipedia:Rib, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Humans have 24 ribs (12 pairs). The first seven sets of ribs, known as "true ribs", are directly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage. The following five sets are known as "false ribs", three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed floating ribs (costae fluitantes) or vertebral ribs. They are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. Some people are missing one of the two pairs of floating ribs, while others have a third pair. Rib removal is the surgical excision of ribs for therapeutic or cosmetic reasons. In fish, there are often two sets of ribs attached to the vertebral column. One set, the dorsal ribs, are found in the dividing septum between the upper and lower parts of the main muscle segments, projecting roughly sideways from the vertebral column. The second set, of ventral ribs arise from the vertebral column just below the dorsal ribs, and enclose the lower body, often joining at the tips. Not all species possess both types of rib, with the dorsal ribs being most commonly absent. Sharks, for example, have no dorsal ribs, and only very short ventral ribs, while lampreys have no ribs at all. In some teleosts, there may be additional rib-like bones within the muscle mass. Tetrapods, however, only ever have a single set of ribs which are probably homologous with the dorsal ribs of fishes. In the early tetrapods, every vertebra bore a pair of ribs, although those on the thoracic vertebrae are typically the longest. The sacral ribs were stout and short, since they formed part of the pelvis, connecting the backbone to the hip bones.[1] In most subsequent forms, many of these early ribs have been lost, and in living amphibians and reptiles, there is great variation in rib structure and number. For example, turtles have only eight pairs of ribs, which are developed into a bony or cartilagenous carapace and plastron, while snakes have numerous ribs running along the full length of their trunk. Frogs typically have no ribs, aside from a sacral pair, which form part of the pelvis.[1]. In birds, ribs are present as distinct bones only on the thoracic region, although small fused ribs are present on the cervical vertebrae. The thoracic ribs of birds possess a wide projection to the rear; this uncinate process is an attachment for the shoulder muscles.[1]. Mammals usually also only have distinct ribs on the thoracic vertebra, although fixed cervical ribs are also present in monotremes. In marsupials and placental mammals, the cervical and lumbar ribs are found only as tiny remnants fused to the vertebrae, where they are referred to as transverse processes. In general, the structure and number of the true ribs in humans is similar to that in other mammals. Unlike reptiles, caudal ribs are never found in mammals.[1]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "dorsal rib" RELATED []
synonym: "pleural rib" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000545
xref: EFO:0003066
xref: EMAPA:18010
xref: FMA:7574
xref: GAID:245
xref: galen:Rib
xref: MA:0000315
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.904.567
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjNoZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:302523002
xref: TAO:0000538
xref: VHOG:0001154
xref: ZFA:0000538
is_a: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003459 ! chest bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006288 {evidence="definitional"} ! rib cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! entire appendicular skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003252 ! rib cage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002229
name: interparietal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_75748-MA_0001467
def: "the bone of the cranium that lies above and anterior to the occipital bone in some mammals." [MP:0000077, Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: rarely present in humans[PMID:3654370]
synonym: "inca bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone]
synonym: "inter-parietal bone" EXACT [EMAPA:19017]
synonym: "interparietal" EXACT [EHDAA:9530]
synonym: "os interparietale" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone]
synonym: "ossicle of Goethe" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interparietal_bone]
synonym: "post-parietal bone" RELATED [VHOG:0001327]
synonym: "postparietal" RELATED [VHOG:0001327]
synonym: "postparietal bone" RELATED [VHOG:0001327]
xref: EHDAA:9530
xref: EMAPA:19017
xref: FMA:75748
xref: MA:0001467
xref: SCTID:369438005
xref: VHOG:0001327
property_value: "homologous_to" ZFA:0000486
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002230
name: head of rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7575-MA_0001415
def: "The head of the rib is the end of a rib closest to the vertebral column, with which it articulates with. It is marked by a kidney-shaped articular surface, divided by a horizontal crest into two facets for articulation with the depression formed on the bodies of two adjacent thoracic vertebrae; the upper facet is the smaller; to the crest is attached the interarticular ligament. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Head_of_rib]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "caput costae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Head_of_rib]
synonym: "rib head" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7575
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray122.png/200px-Gray122.png
xref: MA:0001415
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_Head
xref: SCTID:263358001
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010388 {source="PMID:15906248"} ! proximal segment of rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002231
name: body of rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7577-MA_0001416
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "rib body" EXACT []
synonym: "rib shaft" EXACT []
synonym: "shaft of rib" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7577
xref: MA:0001416
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_Shaft
xref: SCTID:263361000
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002233
name: tectorial membrane of cochlea
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_75805-MA_0001199
def: "." [Wikipedia:Tectorial_membrane_of_atlanto-axial_joint_%28cochlea%29]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tectorial membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "tectorial membrane of spiral organ of cochlea" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75805
xref: GAID:876
xref: MA:0001199
xref: MESH:A.09.246.631.246.292.906
xref: ncithesaurus:Tectorial_Membrane
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2531
xref: SCTID:368960006
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002234
name: proximal phalanx of finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_75816-MA_0001395
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a finger [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "hand proximal phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001395]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75816
xref: MA:0001395
xref: ncithesaurus:Proximal_Phalanx_of_Hand
xref: SCTID:181986000
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
is_a: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002235
name: tubercle of rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7583-MA_0001417
def: "The tubercle of a rib is an eminence on the posterior surface, at the junction of the neck and body of the rib, and nearer the lower than the upper border. It consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrae to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs[WP]." [Wikipedia:Tubercle_(rib)]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "rib tubercle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:7583
xref: MA:0001417
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_Tubercle
xref: SCTID:361104005
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002231 ! body of rib
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010388 {source="PMID:15906248"} ! proximal segment of rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002236
name: costal cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7591-MA_0000106
def: "The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Costal_cartilage]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cartilagines costales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Costal_cartilage]
xref: FMA:7591
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Gray315.png/200px-Gray315.png
xref: MA:0000106
xref: ncithesaurus:Costal_Cartilage
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1g3pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:244703004
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002237
name: true rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7592-MA_0001419
def: "The first seven ribs are connected behind with the vertebral column, and in front, through the intervention of the costal cartilages, with the sternum; they are called true ribs or vertebro-sternal ribs. False ribs are interconnected membranous structures that are connected with the sternum process. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:True_ribs]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "costa vera" EXACT []
synonym: "costae verae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:True_ribs]
xref: FMA:7592
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray115.png/200px-Gray115.png
xref: MA:0001419
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv4-iWJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:368044009
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002238
name: false rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7594-MA_0001398
def: "The false ribs are the five sets of ribs below the top seven true ribs. Of these: the first three (eighth, ninth, and tenth rib) have their cartilages attached to the cartilage of the rib above (vertebro-chondral): the last two are free at their anterior extremities and are termed floating ribs or vertebral ribs. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:False_rib]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "asternal ribs" RELATED [Wikipedia:False_ribs]
synonym: "costa spuria" EXACT []
synonym: "costae spuriae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:False_ribs]
xref: FMA:7594
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gray115.png/200px-Gray115.png
xref: MA:0001398
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwLzzTZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:368045005
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002239
name: floating rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7595-MA_0001399
def: "Floating ribs are four atypical ribs (two lowermost pairs, XI-XII) in the human ribcage. They are called so because they are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. Some people are missing one of the two pairs. Others have a third pair. Most, however, possess only two pairs. Their position can be permanently altered by a form of body modification called tightlacing, which uses a corset to compress and move the ribs. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Floating_rib]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "costa fluitante" EXACT []
synonym: "costae fluctuantes, costae fluitantes" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Floating_rib]
xref: FMA:7595
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Skeleton_woman_back.png/200px-Skeleton_woman_back.png
xref: MA:0001399
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvaPCWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:368046006
is_a: UBERON:0002238 ! false rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002241
name: chondrocranium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_76621-XAO_0003059-ZFA_0001424
def: "Anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and composed entirely of either cartilage, cartilage replacement bones or a mixture of both[ZFA]. that part of the neurocranium formed by endochondral ossification and comprising the bones of the base of the skull[TFD]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chondrocranium, ZFA:0001424]
comment: note the definition here specifically mentions cartilage or cartilage replacement bones. This means what MA calls 'chondrocranium' must in fact be neurocranium, as it includes membrane bones
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "calvarium" RELATED [MA:0000317]
synonym: "neurocranium" RELATED INCONSISTENT [MA:0000317]
xref: AAO:0010169
xref: EHDAA2:0000243
xref: EMAPA:17681
xref: TAO:0001424
xref: VHOG:0000288
xref: ZFA:0001424
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002242
name: nucleus pulposus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_76703-MA_0000112
def: "a jelly-like connective tissue in the middle of the spinal disc. It is the remnant of the notochord. It functions to distribute hydraulic pressure in all directions within each disc under compressive loads. The nucleus pulposus consists of chondrocytes, collagen fibrils, and proteoglycan aggrecans that have hyaluronic long chains which attract water. Attached to each hyaluronic chain are side chains of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate[WP]." [Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "nucleus propulsus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus]
synonym: "nucleus propulsus of intervertebral disk" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nucleus_pulposus]
synonym: "pulpy nucleus" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0003626
xref: FMA:76703
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png/200px-Cervical_vertebra_english.png
xref: MA:0000112
xref: SCTID:316586000
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002244
name: premaxilla
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_76869-MA_0001493-ZFA_0000567
def: "One of the bones of the upper jaw situated between and in front of the maxillae[VHOG]. The premaxilla is a bone of the upper jaw. It is an L-shaped bone first visible as a thin sliver in the anterodorsal region of the upper lip, anterior to the dorsal tip of the maxilla (5.7 mm). In the adult, the premaxilla is ligamentously attached to its counterpart at the midline and the kinethmoid posterodorsally, by the premaxillo-rostroid ligaments. Premaxillary teeth are absent in zebrafish[ZFA]. the embryonic bone that later fuses with the maxilla to form the incisive bone OR the embryonic structure that forms the anterior part of the maxillae.[TFD]. Paired, intramembranous bones located at the anterior end of the skull; they form the anterior-most segment of the maxillary arch[AAO]" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/premaxilla, VHOG:0000426, Wikipedia:Premaxilla, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Editors note: requires checking embryonic vs adult; isa fetal organ part in FMA; adult bone of upper jaw in AAO and ZFA; split. Note that we have loops if we add develops_from UBERON:0005620 {source="EHDAA2"}
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "premaxilla bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premaxilla]
synonym: "premaxillae" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "premaxillary bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premaxilla]
xref: AAO:0000461
xref: EHDAA2:0001496
xref: EHDAA:6962
xref: EHDAA:8033
xref: EMAPA:17641
xref: EMAPA:17933
xref: EMAPA:19033
xref: FMA:76869
xref: MA:0001493
xref: TAO:0000567
xref: VHOG:0000426
xref: ZFA:0000567
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002251
name: iliocostalis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_77177-MA_0002319
def: "The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus iliocostalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
xref: FMA:77177
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Iliostalis.png/200px-Iliostalis.png
xref: MA:0002319
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="Ribs"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="Sacrum/Illiac Crest/Spinous Processes of lower lumbar/thoracic vertebrae"} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003690 {source="dbpedia", notes="Sacrum/Illiac Crest/Spinous Processes of lower lumbar/thoracic vertebrae"} ! sacrum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002252
name: splenius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_77180-MA_0002382
def: "." [Wikipedia:Splenius]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: FMA:77180
xref: MA:0002382
xref: ncithesaurus:Splenius
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002253
name: incisive bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_77231-MA_0001485
def: "The incisive bone is the portion of the maxilla adjacent to the incisors. It is a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the jaws of many animals, usually bearing teeth, but not always. They are connected to the maxilla and the nasals. The term premaxilla can also be used to refer to the incisive bone. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Incisive_bone]
comment: MA:0001485 was originally a distinct class 'incisive bone', now merged into MA:0001493 'premaxilla'. This is a general anatomical term in FMA. Here we treat it as an adult structure that develops from the embryonic premaxilla
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "os incisivum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Incisive_bone]
synonym: "premaxilla" RELATED [MA:0001493, Wikipedia:Incisive_bone]
xref: FMA:77231
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002276
name: lamina of spiral limbus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_77721-MA_0001191
def: "The osseous spiral lamina consists of two plates of bone, and between these are the canals for the transmission of the filaments of the acoustic nerve. On the upper plate of that part of the lamina which is outside the vestibular membrane, the periosteum is thickened to form the limbus spiralis (or limbus laminľ spiralis), this ends externally in a concavity, the sulcus spiralis internus, which represents, on section, the form of the letter C. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Limbus_laminae_spiralis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "limbus lamina spiralis" EXACT []
synonym: "limbus laminae spiralis" EXACT []
synonym: "spiral limbus lamina" EXACT []
xref: FMA:77721
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray930.png/200px-Gray930.png
xref: MA:0001191
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002277
name: spiral sulcus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_77744-MA_0001195
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "sulcus spiralis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:77744
xref: MA:0001195
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 {source="MA"} ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002279
name: vestibular aqueduct
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_77821-MA_0001186
def: "At the hinder part of the medial wall of the vestibule is the orifice of the vestibular aqueduct, which extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It transmits a small vein, and contains a tubular prolongation of the membranous labyrinth, the ductus endolymphaticus, which ends in a cul-de-sac between the layers of the dura mater within the cranial cavity. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vestibular_aqueduct]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "aqueductus vestibuli" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vestibular_aqueduct]
xref: FMA:77821
xref: GAID:885
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gray921.png/200px-Gray921.png
xref: MA:0001186
xref: MESH:A.09.246.631.909.957
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005236 ! osseus labyrinth vestibule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002281
name: vestibular membrane of cochlear duct
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_77829-MA_0001200
def: "a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear. It separates scala media from scala vestibuli. Together with the basilar membrane it creates a compartment in the cochlea filled with endolymph, which is important for the function of the organ of Corti. It primarily functions as a diffusion barrier, allowing nutrients to travel from the perilymph to the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth. Histologically, the membrane is composed of two layers of flattened epithelium, separated by a basal lamina. Its structure suggests that its function is transport of fluid and electrolytes." [Wikipedia:Reissner's_membrane]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Reissner's membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "superior wall of cochlear duct" EXACT []
synonym: "vestibular membrane" EXACT []
synonym: "vestibular membrane of reissner" EXACT []
xref: FMA:77829
xref: MA:0001200
xref: SCTID:362575002
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002282
name: stria vascularis of cochlear duct
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_77832-MA_0001198
def: "The upper portion of the spiral ligament contains numerous capillary loops and small blood vessels, and is termed the stria vascularis. It produces endolymph for the scala media, one of the three fluid-filled compartments of the cochlea. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Stria_vascularis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "stria vascularis" EXACT []
synonym: "stria vascularis ductus cochlearis" RELATED [BTO:0001819]
synonym: "stria vascularis of cochlea" EXACT []
synonym: "vascular stria of cochlear duct" RELATED [BTO:0001819]
xref: BTO:0001819
xref: EFO:0001644
xref: FMA:77832
xref: GAID:875
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cochlea-crosssection.png/200px-Cochlea-crosssection.png
xref: MA:0001198
xref: MESH:A.09.246.631.246.292.876
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2525
xref: SCTID:279842002
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002292
name: costovertebral joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7951-MA_0001510
def: "The costovertebral joints are the articulations that connect the heads of the ribs with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae. Joining of ribs to the vertebrae occurs at two places, the head and the tubercle of the rib. Two convex facets from the head attach to two adjacent vertebrae. This forms a trochoid joint, which is strengthened by the ligament of the head and the intercapital ligament. Articulation of the tubercle is to the transverse process of the adjacent vertebrae. This articulation is reinforced by the dorsal costotransverse ligament. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Costovertebral_joint]
comment: AO notes: FMA has both this and joint of head of rib
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "costal head joint" RELATED [FMA:7951]
synonym: "costocorporeal joint" RELATED [FMA:7951]
synonym: "costovertebral synovial joint" EXACT [FMA:10382]
synonym: "joint of costal head" RELATED [FMA:7951]
synonym: "joint of head of rib" RELATED [FMA:7951]
xref: EMAPA:19020
xref: EMAPA:19208
xref: FMA:10382
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gray312.png/200px-Gray312.png
xref: MA:0001510
xref: ncithesaurus:Costovertebral_Joint
xref: SCTID:263315000
is_a: UBERON:0002001 {source="MA"} ! joint of rib
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0002230 ! head of rib
relationship: connects UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002293
name: costochondral joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_7956-MA_0001509
def: "A bars of hyaline cartilage located between the distal part of a rib and a costal cartilage, connecting the ribs to the sternum ." [HP:0000920, Wikipedia:Costochondral_joint]
comment: Taxon notes: In humans, Joints between costal cartilages of ribs 6-9 are plane synovial joints. Articulation between costal cartilage of rib 9 and rib 10 is fibrous
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "articulatio costochondralis" EXACT [FMA:7956, FMA:TA]
synonym: "articulationes costochondrales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Costochondral_joint]
synonym: "chondrocostal synchondrosis" EXACT [FMA:7956]
synonym: "costochondral junction" EXACT [FMA:7956, HP:0000920]
synonym: "costochondral synchondrosis" EXACT [FMA:7956]
xref: FMA:7956
xref: MA:0001509
xref: ncithesaurus:Costochondral_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvfy27JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:282413008
is_a: UBERON:0002001 {source="MA"} ! joint of rib
is_a: UBERON:0002215 {source="FMA"} ! synchondrosis
relationship: connects UBERON:0002236 ! costal cartilage
relationship: connects UBERON:0010424 ! distal segment of rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002295
name: scala media
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_79789-MA_0002458
def: "An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Scala media houses the organ of Corti. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Scala_media]
comment: TODO: check cochlear duct vs cochlear aqueduct vs scala media
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cochlear duct" RELATED []
xref: EHDAA2:0000262
xref: FMA:79789
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Gray928.png/200px-Gray928.png
xref: MA:0002458
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002302
name: myocardium of atrium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_83509-MA_0000081-ZFA_0001374
def: "A myocardium that is part of a cardiac atrium [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "atrial myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "atrium myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "atrium of heart cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of heart heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of heart heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of heart muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "atrium of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Cardiac atria cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Cardiac atria heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Cardiac atria heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Cardiac atria muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Cardiac atria myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac atrium myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart atrium myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of Cardiac atria" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of heart atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EFO:0003087
xref: FMA:83509
xref: MA:0000081
xref: SCTID:191910002
xref: TAO:0001374
xref: VHOG:0000602
xref: ZFA:0001374
is_a: UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002324
name: muscle of back
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_85216-MA_0000496
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a back [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "back muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "back muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:85216
xref: MA:0000496
is_a: UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002343
name: abdomen musculature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_86917-ZFA_0001327
def: "Set of all muscles in abdomen." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: note distinction between abdomen muscle and abdomen musculature
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "abdominal musculature" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle group of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:71294]
synonym: "muscles of abdomen" EXACT [FMA:71294]
synonym: "musculature of abdomen" EXACT []
synonym: "musculature of abdominal wall" EXACT [FMA:86917]
xref: FMA:71294
xref: FMA:86917
xref: TAO:0001327
xref: ZFA:0001327
is_a: UBERON:0004479 ! musculature of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002347
name: thoracic vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9139-MA_0000314
def: "In humans, the 12 thoracic vertebrae compose the middle segment of the vertebral column, between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar vertebrae. They are intermediate in size between those of the cervical and lumbar regions; they increase in size as one proceeds down the spine, the upper vertebrae being much smaller than those in the lower part of the region. They are distinguished by the presence of facets on the sides of the bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs, and facets on the transverse processes of all, except the eleventh and twelfth, for articulation with the tubercles of the ribs. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebra]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "dorsal vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "thorax vertebra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebra of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebra thoracica" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18011
xref: FMA:9139
xref: GAID:244
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray90.png/200px-Gray90.png
xref: MA:0000314
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.834.892
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvdZIBpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181821009
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0003827 ! thoracic segment bone
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006073 ! thoracic region of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006073 ! thoracic region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002349
name: myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9462-MA_0000164-XAO_0000065-ZFA_0001319
def: "middle muscular layer of the heart wall[M-W]. Muscle layer of organ which has as its parts the myocardium proper and the conducting system of the heart[FMA]." [Wikipedia:Myocardium]
comment: TODO - check 'Myocardum proper' in FMA. We superclass the more generic class for now. FMA has is_a muscle layer - should we add this? ZFA and BTO both have is_a 'cardiac muscle' (tissue?). But in U we also follow FMA and have cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium (there is also Fibrocollagenous connective tissue of myocardium), which would be identical (see issue-10). Note that GO also treats left/right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue synonymous with ventricular myocardium
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac muscle" RELATED [ZFA:0001319]
synonym: "heart muscle " RELATED [ZFA:0001319]
synonym: "heart myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle of heart" EXACT [FMA:9462]
xref: AAO:0010410
xref: BTO:0000901
xref: EFO:0000819
xref: EHDAA2:0004150
xref: EV:0100022
xref: FMA:9462
xref: GAID:173
xref: galen:Myocardium
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Glanzstreifen.jpg/200px-Glanzstreifen.jpg
xref: MA:0000164
xref: MAT:0000453
xref: MESH:A.02.633.580
xref: ncithesaurus:Myocardium
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4ro36AFrCvEduAAAAOpmP6tw
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001220
xref: SCTID:362012001
xref: TAO:0001319
xref: VHOG:0000083
xref: XAO:0000065
xref: ZFA:0001319
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002350
name: conducting system of heart
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9476-ZFA_0005063
def: " The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]" [GO:0003161]
comment: Editor notes: EHDAA2 divides the system from the tissue
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac conduction system" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac impulse conducting system" EXACT [GO:0003161]
synonym: "cardionector" EXACT []
synonym: "central conduction system" RELATED []
synonym: "heart conduction system" EXACT [GO:0003161]
synonym: "impulse conducting system" EXACT [MA:0000094]
xref: EFO:0003909
xref: EHDAA2:0004185
xref: EV:0100025
xref: FMA:9476
xref: MA:0000094
xref: MESH:A.07.541.409
xref: SCTID:281489000
xref: TAO:0005063
xref: VHOG:0001271
xref: ZFA:0005063
is_a: UBERON:0004493 ! cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium
is_a: UBERON:0010131 {source="FMA"} ! conducting tissue of heart
relationship: has_part CL:1000409 {source="FMA"} ! myocyte of sinuatrial node
relationship: has_part CL:1000410 {source="FMA"} ! myocyte of atrioventricular node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002349 {source="FMA"} ! myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002351
name: sinoatrial node
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9477-MA_0000097-ZFA_0005069
def: "The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]." [GO:0003163, Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node]
comment: WP:Heart states: "The SA node is found in all amniotes but not in more primitive vertebrates. In these animals, the muscles of the heart are relatively continuous and the sinus venosus coordinates the beat which passes in a wave through the remaining chambers. Indeed, since the sinus venosus is incorporated into the right atrium in amniotes, it is likely homologous with the SA node. In teleosts, with their vestigial sinus venosus, the main centre of coordination is, instead, in the atrium.". Note however that ZFA has SA node.
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cardiac pacemaker" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "Koch's node" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "node of Keith-Flack" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "nodus sinuatrialis" EXACT [FMA:9477, FMA:TA]
synonym: "nodus sinuatrialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sinoatrial_node]
synonym: "SA nodal muscle tissue" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "SA node" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinoatrial node" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinu-atrial node" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinuatrial nodal muscle tissue" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinuatrial node" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinus node" EXACT [FMA:9477]
synonym: "sinus node of Keith and Flack" EXACT [FMA:9477]
xref: BTO:0004358
xref: EHDAA2:0004184
xref: FMA:9477
xref: GAID:561
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Sinoatrial_node_low_mag.jpg/200px-Sinoatrial_node_low_mag.jpg
xref: MA:0000097
xref: MESH:A.07.541.409.819
xref: ncithesaurus:Sinoatrial_Node
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rOhejDGMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g
xref: SCTID:277687007
xref: TAO:0005069
xref: ZFA:0005069
is_a: UBERON:0004493 ! cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="ZFA"} ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002352
name: atrioventricular node
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9478-MA_0000095-ZFA_0005070
def: "Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is located in the muscular part of the interatrial septum that is continuous with the atrioventricular bundle.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "aschoff-tawara node" EXACT []
synonym: "atrioventricular nodal muscle tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "av nodal muscle tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "av node" EXACT []
synonym: "node of tawara" EXACT []
synonym: "nodus atrioventricularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_node]
xref: EFO:0000276
xref: EHDAA2:0004183
xref: FMA:9478
xref: GAID:558
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gray501.png/200px-Gray501.png
xref: MA:0000095
xref: MAT:0000498
xref: MESH:A.07.541.409.147
xref: ncithesaurus:Atrioventricular_Node
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rMfD91mMcEd2AAABQjYGu0g
xref: SCTID:277688002
xref: TAO:0005070
xref: VHOG:0001474
xref: ZFA:0005070
is_a: UBERON:0004490 ! cardiac muscle tissue of atrium
is_a: UBERON:0004493 ! cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002353
name: atrioventricular bundle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9484-MA_0002576
def: "Subdivision of conducting system of heart which consists of the atrial part and the ventricular part of the atrioventricular bundle and is the direct continuation of the atrioventricular node.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Bundle_of_His]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "atrioventricular bundle muscle tissue" EXACT [FMA:9484]
synonym: "atrioventricular fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:9484]
synonym: "bundle of His" EXACT [FMA:9484]
synonym: "fasciculus atrioventricularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Bundle_of_His]
synonym: "His bundle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9484
xref: GAID:559
xref: galen:BundleOfHis
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/ECG_Principle_fast.gif/200px-ECG_Principle_fast.gif
xref: MA:0002576
xref: MESH:A.07.541.409.273
xref: ncithesaurus:Atrioventricular_Bundle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rUv1WcGPJEd2AAABQjYGu0g
xref: SCTID:362022007
is_a: UBERON:0004493 ! cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium
relationship: has_part CL:1000410 {source="FMA"} ! myocyte of atrioventricular node
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 ! conducting system of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004146 {source="GO"} ! His-Purkinje system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002354
name: purkinje fiber
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9492-MA_0000096
def: "Conducting tissue of heart which consists of Purkinje myocytes.[FMA]" [FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Purkinje_fiber]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "myofibra conducens cardiacus" EXACT []
xref: FMA:9492
xref: GAID:560
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray498.png/200px-Gray498.png
xref: MA:0000096
xref: MESH:A.07.541.409.683
xref: ncithesaurus:Purkinje_Fiber
is_a: UBERON:0004493 ! cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium
is_a: UBERON:0010131 {source="FMA"} ! conducting tissue of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002371
name: bone marrow
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9608-MA_0000134-MIAA_0000084-XAO_0000123-ZFA_0000669
def: "flexible tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells[WP]." [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow]
comment: TODO - create superclass for bone marrow / head kidney. both are portions of tissue in the hematopoetic system. also consider adding as subclass of zone of bone organ for consistency with FMA. See also: Leydig and epigonal organs
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "anterior kidney" RELATED []
synonym: "head kidney" BROAD []
synonym: "kidney marrow" RELATED []
synonym: "medulla of bone" RELATED [BTO:0000141]
synonym: "medulla ossea" EXACT []
synonym: "medulla ossium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow]
synonym: "medulla ossium" RELATED [BTO:0000141]
xref: AAO:0011007
xref: BTO:0000141
xref: BTO:0000829
xref: EFO:0000868
xref: EV:0100046
xref: FMA:9608
xref: GAID:1287
xref: galen:BoneMarrow
xref: MA:0000134
xref: MAT:0000084
xref: MESH:A.15.382.216
xref: MIAA:0000084
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_Marrow
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:421320006
xref: VHOG:0001218
xref: XAO:0000123
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002374
name: metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9612-MA_0000302
def: "The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Metacarpal_bone]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "metacarpal" EXACT []
xref: EFO:0003886
xref: FMA:9612
xref: galen:Metacarpal
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg/200px-Metacarpals_numbered-en.svg.png
xref: MA:0000302
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv1Bk45wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181977005
is_a: UBERON:0003607 ! forelimb long bone
is_a: UBERON:0003821 ! metacarpal/metatarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0005897 ! hand bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010544 ! metacarpus skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002375
name: cricoid cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9615-MA_0001762
def: "The cricoid cartilage, or simply cricoid (from the Greek krikoeides meaning 'ring-shaped'), is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cartilaginis cricoideae" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago cricoidea" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "cartilago cricoidea" RELATED [AAO:0000675]
synonym: "cartilago cricoidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago cricotrachealis" RELATED [AAO:0000675]
synonym: "cricoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
synonym: "cricoidea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
synonym: "innominate cartilage" RELATED [VHOG:0001308]
synonym: "krykoid cartilage" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cricoid_cartilage]
xref: AAO:0000675
xref: EHDAA2:0000326
xref: EHDAA:9393
xref: EMAPA:18696
xref: FMA:9615
xref: GAID:110
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Gray1194.png/200px-Gray1194.png
xref: MA:0001762
xref: MESH:A.02.165.507.211
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricoid_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:263484006
xref: VHOG:0001308
is_a: UBERON:0001739 {source="MA"} ! laryngeal cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0001994 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hyaline cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003406 ! cartilage of respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002376
name: muscle of head
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9616-MA_0000578-ZFA_0000328
def: "Muscle organ which is a part of the head. Examples: masseter, orbicularis oculi.[FMA]" [FMA:9616]
comment: TODO - check ZFA
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "adult head muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cephalic muscle" EXACT [ZFA:0001652]
synonym: "cephalic musculature" EXACT []
synonym: "cranial muscle " RELATED [ZFA:0001652]
synonym: "head muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "head muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head muscles" RELATED []
synonym: "muscle organ of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "musculus caput" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000107
xref: BTO:0000021
xref: EFO:0003524
xref: EHDAA2:0000322
xref: EMAPA:18171
xref: FMA:9616
xref: MA:0000578
xref: TAO:0000328
xref: ZFA:0000328
xref: ZFA:0001652
is_a: UBERON:0010959 ! craniocervical muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002377
name: muscle of neck
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9617-MA_0000587
def: "Muscle organ which is a part of the neck. Examples: platysma, sternocleidomastoid, cricothyroid muscle.[FMA]" [FMA:9617]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "muscle organ of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "neck muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:9617
xref: GAID:149
xref: MA:0000587
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.650
xref: ncithesaurus:Neck_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0010959 ! craniocervical muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002378
name: muscle of abdomen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9620-MA_0000520
def: "Muscle (organ) which is a part of the abdomen. Examples: external oblique, rectus abdominis." [Wikipedia:Abdominal_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "abdomen muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "abdomen muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "abdominal wall muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of abdomen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001261
xref: FMA:9620
xref: GAID:89
xref: MA:0000520
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.050
xref: ncithesaurus:Abdominal_Muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlygNJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:361352008
is_a: UBERON:0003833 ! abdominal segment muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002379
name: perineal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9623-MA_0000538
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a perineum [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
synonym: "muscle of perineum" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of perineal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "perineal region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "perineum muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18923
xref: FMA:9623
xref: MA:0000538
xref: ncithesaurus:Perineal_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001325 ! muscle of pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002380
name: trapezius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9626-MA_0002398
def: "In human anatomy, the trapezius is a large superficial muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade). Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm. The trapezius has three functional regions: the superior region (descending part), which supports the weight of the arm; the intermediate region (transverse part), which retracts the scapulae; and the inferior region (ascending part), which medially rotates and depresses the scapulae. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Trapezius_muscle]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "musculus trapezius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trapezius_muscle]
synonym: "trapezius muscle" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18183
xref: FMA:9626
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Trapezius.png/200px-Trapezius.png
xref: MA:0002398
xref: ncithesaurus:Trapezius_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181740005
xref: VHOG:0000834
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010955 ! trapezius pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001112 {source="dbpedia"} ! latissimus dorsi
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001125 {source="dbpedia"} ! serratus anterior
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002497 {notes="posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion process and spine of scapula", source="dbpedia"} ! acromion
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0007173 {notes="posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle acromion process and spine of scapula", source="dbpedia"} ! lateral border of scapula
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000351 {source="dbpedia", notes="external occipital protuberance nuchal ligament medial superior nuchal line spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12"} ! nuchal ligament
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="external occipital protuberance nuchal ligament medial superior nuchal line spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12"} ! spinous process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002381
name: pectoralis major
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9627-MA_0002354
def: "The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the upper front of the chest wall. It makes up the bulk of the chest muscles in the male and lies under the breast in the female. Underneath the pectoralis major is the pectoralis minor, a thin, triangular muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Pectoralis_major_muscle]
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "Musculus pectoralis major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pectoralis_major_muscle]
synonym: "pectoralis major muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "pectoralis major muscle structure" EXACT [SCTID:60005003]
xref: EHDAA2:0001424
xref: EHDAA:8311
xref: EMAPA:18179
xref: FMA:9627
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Pectoralis_major.png/200px-Pectoralis_major.png
xref: MA:0002354
xref: ncithesaurus:Pectoralis_Major
xref: SCTID:60005003
xref: VHOG:0000895
is_a: UBERON:0001495 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus"} ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002382
name: rectus abdominis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9628-MA_0002364
def: "The rectus abdominis muscle is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen (and in some other animals). There are two parallel muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba (white line). It extends from the pubic symphysis/pubic crest inferiorly to the xiphisternum/xiphoid process and lower costal cartilages (5Đ7) superiorly. It is contained in the Rectus sheath. The rectus is usually crossed by three fibrous bands licked by the tendinous inscriptions. While the 'sixpack' is by far the most common configuration of the muscle bellies of the rectus, there exist rare anatomic variations which result in the appearance of eight ('eightpack'), ten, orŃeven rarerŃasymmetrically arranged segments. All these variations are functionally equivalent. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Rectus_abdominis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA2:0001595
xref: EHDAA:8252
xref: EMAPA:18164
xref: FMA:9628
xref: GAID:142
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Rectus_abdominis.png/200px-Rectus_abdominis.png
xref: MA:0002364
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.050.800
xref: ncithesaurus:Rectus_Abdominis
xref: VHOG:0000863
is_a: UBERON:0002378 ! muscle of abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002383
name: supraspinatus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9629-MA_0002389
def: "The supraspinatus is a relatively small muscle of the upper limb that takes its name from its origin from the supraspinous fossa superior to the spine of the scapula. It is one of the four rotator cuff muscles and also abducts the arm at the shoulder. The spine of the scapula separates the supraspinatus muscle from the infraspinatus muscle, which originates below the spine. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Supraspinatus]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EHDAA2:0001967
xref: EHDAA:8319
xref: EMAPA:18182
xref: FMA:9629
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png/200px-Arm_muscles_back_numbers.png
xref: MA:0002389
xref: ncithesaurus:Supraspinatus
xref: SCTID:181626001
xref: VHOG:0000848
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002385
name: muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9641-MA_0002437
def: "Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]." [GO:0060537, https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=2801266&group_id=36855&atid=440764, Wikipedia:Muscle_tissue]
comment: Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "muscle tissue" EXACT SENSU []
synonym: "portion of muscle tissue" EXACT [FMA:9641]
synonym: "textus muscularis" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000306
xref: AEO:0000122
xref: EHDAA2:0003122
xref: FMA:9641
xref: galen:MuscleTissue
xref: MA:0002437
xref: MESH:A.02.633
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle_Tissue
xref: SCTID:91727004
property_value: "spatially_disjoint_from" UBERON:0003714
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001015 ! musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002395
name: talus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9708-MA_0001351
def: "The talus bone or astragalus is a bone in the tarsus of the foot that forms the lower part of the ankle joint through its articulations with the lateral and medial malleoli of the two bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula. Within the tarsus, it articulates with the calcaneus below and navicular in front. Through these articulations, it transmits the entire weight of the body to the foot. The second largest of the tarsal bones, it is also one of the bones in the human body with the highest percentage of its surface area covered by articular cartilage. Additionally, it is also unique in that it has a retrograde blood supply, i.e. arterial blood enters the bone at the distal end." [Wikipedia:Talus_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: The talus is apparently derived from the fusion of three separate bones in the feet of primitive amphibians; the tibiale, articulating with tibia, the intermedium, between the bases of the tibia and fibula, and the fourth centrale, lying in the mid-part of the tarsus. These bones are still partially separate in modern amphibians, which therefore do not have a true talus. The talus forms a considerably more flexible joint in mammals than it does in reptiles. This reaches its greatest extent in artiodactyls, where the distal surface of the bone has a smooth keel to allow greater freedom of movement of the foot, and thus increase running speed[WP]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "astragaloid bone" RELATED [BTO:0002354]
synonym: "astragalus" RELATED [MA:000135, Wikipedia:Talus_bone]
synonym: "astragalus bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Talus_bone]
synonym: "os tarsi tibiale" RELATED [BTO:0002354]
synonym: "os trigonum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Talus_bone]
synonym: "Os trigonum, Astralagus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Talus_bone]
xref: BTO:0002354
xref: EMAPA:18503
xref: EMAPA:19135
xref: FMA:9708
xref: GAID:196
xref: galen:Talus
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Subtalar_Joint.PNG/250px-Subtalar_Joint.PNG
xref: MA:0001351
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.300.710.780
xref: ncithesaurus:Talus
xref: SCTID:182098005
is_a: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002396
name: vomer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9710-MA_0001496
def: "The vomer is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Vomer]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vomer bone" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000633
xref: FMA:9710
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg/200px-Illu_facial_bones.jpg
xref: MA:0001496
xref: ncithesaurus:Vomer
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6jKWZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:272678009
xref: TAO:0000308
xref: ZFA:0000308
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002397
name: maxilla
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9711-MA_0001491-ZFA_0000270
def: "." [Wikipedia:Maxilla]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "maxillae" RELATED []
synonym: "upper jaw bone" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000285
xref: EHDAA2:0001068
xref: EHDAA:8043
xref: EMAPA:17639
xref: EMAPA:17928
xref: FMA:9711
xref: GAID:220
xref: galen:Maxilla
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray189.png/200px-Gray189.png
xref: MA:0001491
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.645
xref: ncithesaurus:Maxilla
xref: SCTID:181813003
xref: TAO:0000270
xref: VHOG:0001021
xref: VSAO:0000207
xref: ZFA:0000270
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0008193 {source="FMA"} ! pneumatized bone
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="VSAO"} ! dermal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002403
name: internal intercostal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9757-MA_0002326
def: "Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. There are three principal layers; the external intercostal muscles, which aid in quiet and forced inhalation. They originate on ribs 1-11 and have their insertion on ribs 2-12. The external intercostals are responsible for the elevation of the ribs, and expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Located around the ribs the internal intercostal muscles, which aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). They originate on ribs 2-12 and have their insertions on ribs 1-11. The internal intercostals are responsible for the depression of the ribs decreasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. the innermost intercostal muscle, the deep layers of the internal intercostal muscles which are separated from them by the neurovascular bundle. Both the external and internal muscles are innervated by the intercostal nerves, and are provided by the intercostal arteries and intercostal veins. Their fibers run in opposite directions. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Intercostal_muscle]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "intercostal muscle internal layer" RELATED []
synonym: "intercostales internus" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0000875
xref: FMA:9757
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Gray411.png/200px-Gray411.png
xref: MA:0002326
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Intercostal_Muscle
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvlj6HZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:244890001
xref: VHOG:0000905
is_a: UBERON:0001111 ! intercostal muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010981 {source="EHDAA2"} ! internal intercostal pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002404
name: transversus thoracis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9760-MA_0002397
def: "The tranversus thoracis lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. It is a thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest. It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles. It arises on either side from the lower third of the posterior surface of the body of the sternum, from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process, and from the sternal ends of the costal cartilages of the lower three or four true ribs. Its fibers diverge upward and lateralward, to be inserted by slips into the lower borders and inner surfaces of the costal cartilages of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs. The lowest fibers of this muscle are horizontal in their direction, and are continuous with those of the Transversus abdominis; the intermediate fibers are oblique, while the highest are almost vertical. This muscle varies in its attachments, not only in different subjects, but on opposite sides of the same subject. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Transversus_thoracis]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EMAPA:19267
xref: FMA:9760
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Transversus_thoracis.png/200px-Transversus_thoracis.png
xref: MA:0002397
xref: ncithesaurus:Transversus_Thoracis
xref: SCTID:244933000
is_a: UBERON:0002426 ! chest muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002412
name: vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9914-MA_0000309-ZFA_0001189
def: "Irregular bone that articulates with other vertebrae, or with one other vertebra and the skull or the sacrum[FMA]. All serially repeated ossified, cartilaginous, and ligamentous elements around the notochord (Schultze and Arratia, 1988)[ZFA]." [FMA:9914, Wikipedia:Vertebra, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Editor notes: Consider changing name to make distinction from inferred superclass 'vertebral element' clear
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "vertebra bone" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000691
xref: EFO:0001371
xref: FMA:9914
xref: galen:Vertebra
xref: MA:0000309
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvt2Dh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181817002
xref: TAO:0001189
xref: VHOG:0001143
xref: XAO:0004019
xref: ZFA:0001189
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
is_a: UBERON:0010913 ! vertebral element
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011094 ! vertebra cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002413
name: cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9915-MA_0000311-XAO_0003076
def: "A vertebra immediately inferior to the skull[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae]
comment: In some species, some parts of the skull may be composed of vertebra-like elements, e.g. the occipital bone in humans is composed of four vertebra-like segments. In many vertebrate species, cervical vertebrae are variable in number; however, almost all mammals have seven (including those with very short necks relative to body size, such as elephants or whales, and those with very long necks, such as giraffes). The few exceptions include the manatee and the sloths, of which the two-toed sloth has six cervical vertebrae and the three-toed sloth has up to nine cervical vertebrae. In many species, though not in mammals, the cervical vertebrae bear ribs. In many other groups, such as lizards and saurischian dinosaurs, the cervical ribs are large; in birds they are small and completely fused to the vertebrae. The transverse processes of mammals are homologous to the cervical ribs of other amniotes. Thoracic vertebrae in all species are defined as those vertebrae which also carry a pair of ribs, and lie caudal to the cervical vertebrae. n humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae, and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which passes the vertebral artery.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cervical vertebrae" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "vertebrae cervicales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae]
xref: EMAPA:17674
xref: FMA:9915
xref: GAID:235
xref: galen:CervicalVertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Illu_vertebral_column.jpg/200px-Illu_vertebral_column.jpg
xref: MA:0000311
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.834.151
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervical_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181820005
xref: XAO:0003076
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0003458 ! neck bone
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006072 ! cervical region of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006072 ! cervical region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002414
name: lumbar vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_9921-MA_0000312
def: "Large vertebra of the movable part of the vertebral column, characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body." [Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebra]
comment: Whereas all rats had six lumbar vertebrae, variable patterns in mice included mostly five vertebrae in DBA/2J, mostly six vertebrae in C57BL/6J, and a mix in B6129PF2/J - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700063/
subset: uberon_slim
xref: EMAPA:18007
xref: FMA:9921
xref: GAID:240
xref: galen:LumbarVertebra
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Gray93.png/200px-Gray93.png
xref: MA:0000312
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.834.519
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvaOek5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181822002
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0003828 ! abdominal segment bone
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006074 ! lumbar region of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006074 ! lumbar region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002418
name: cartilage tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0000104-MIAA_0000189-XAO_0000170
def: "Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts[VSAO]." [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=2257941&aid=3396584&group_id=76834, VSAO:0000040, Wikipedia:Cartilage]
comment: Previous: "A portion of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate[GO]. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage[FMA]. an avascular supporting and articular skeletal tissue. It also functions as the primary endoskeletal support in vertebrate embryos. Cartilage is deposited by and is composed of chondroblasts and chondrocytes separated by an extracellular matrix, which may or may not mineralize depending on cartilage type, age, or taxon[Hall and Witten]." See also FMA:71500 Set of cartilages, FMA:55107 Cartilage organ, FMA:12264 Articular cartilage. // elements made from cartilage, cartilage-like, or chondroid tissues evolved in invertebrates[H&W]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cartilage tissue" EXACT [FMA:37377]
synonym: "cartilaginous tissue" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000060
xref: AEO:0000087
xref: BTO:0000206
xref: EFO:0000949
xref: EHDAA2:0003087
xref: EV:0100141
xref: FMA:37377
xref: GAID:99
xref: galen:Cartilage
xref: MA:0000104
xref: MAT:0000189
xref: MESH:A.02.165
xref: MIAA:0000189
xref: ncithesaurus:Cartilage
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjeOZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:309312004
xref: TAO:0001501
xref: VHOG:0001207
xref: VSAO:0000040
xref: XAO:0000170
xref: ZFA:0001501
xref: ZFA:0005622
is_a: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002426
name: chest muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0000548-FMA_9619
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a chest [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior thoracic region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of thorax" EXACT [FMA:9619]
synonym: "muscle organ of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "musculus thoracicus" EXACT []
synonym: "thoracic muscle" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0000508
xref: FMA:9619
xref: MA:0000548
is_a: UBERON:0003830 ! thoracic segment muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002428
name: limb bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0000688-MIAA_0000151
def: "A bone that is part of a limb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: AO notes: NCITA includes clavicle. MA:'limb bone' is actually a bone of limb or girdle // Note that the formal definition is very inclusive, and includes sesamoids
synonym: "bone of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "free limb bone" EXACT [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
xref: EFO:0000880
xref: EFO:0000945
xref: MAT:0000151
xref: MIAA:0000151
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_of_the_Extremity
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0004375 ! bone of appendage
is_a: UBERON:0010740 ! bone of appendage girdle complex
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010881 ! limb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002445
name: triquetral
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0001347-FMA_23715
def: "The triquetral bone (also called triquetrum bone, pyramidal bone, three-cornered bone, and triangular bone) is located in the wrist on the medial side of the proximal row of the carpus between the lunate and pisiform bones. It is on the ulnar side of the hand, but does not articulate with the ulna. It connects with the pisiform, hamate, and lunate bones. It is the 3rd most commonly fractured carpal bone. The triangular bone may be distinguished by its pyramidal shape, and by an oval isolated facet for articulation with the pisiform bone. It is situated at the upper and ulnar side of the carpus. To facilitate its palpation in an exam, the hand must be radially deviated so that the triquetrium moves out from under the ulnar styloid process. The triquetrum may be difficult to find, since it also lies under the pisiform. The etymology derives from the Latin triquetrus which means 'three-cornered'. In reptiles and amphibians, the bone is instead referred to as the ulnare, since (at least in the most primitive fossils) it articulates with the ulna. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Triquetral]
comment: AAO: ulnare: One of two element that constitute the basal row of carpals. It articulates with the ulna, radius, radiale, centrale (element Y), and carpal 5(4). This element originates from one condensation center or the fusion of two elements (ulnare and intermedium). Occasionally it may fuse to carpal 5(4), the radiale, or other elements.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cuneiform bone of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "cuneiform of hand" RELATED [MA:0001347]
synonym: "os triquetrum" EXACT [FMA:23715, FMA:TA]
synonym: "os ulnare" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "triangular" RELATED [MA:0001347]
synonym: "triangular bone" EXACT []
synonym: "triquetral bone" EXACT []
synonym: "triquetrum" RELATED [MA:0001347]
synonym: "ulnar carpal bone" RELATED [MA:0001347]
synonym: "ulnare" EXACT HOMOLOGY [AAO:0000845]
xref: AAO:0000845
xref: FMA:23715
xref: galen:Triquetral
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Carpus.png/200px-Carpus.png
xref: MA:0001347
xref: ncithesaurus:Triangular_Bone
xref: SCTID:181965000
is_a: UBERON:0001480 ! proximal carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002446
name: patella
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0001374-FMA_24485
def: "The patella, also known as the knee cap or kneepan, is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body. It is attached to the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which contracts to extend/straighten the knee. The vastus intermedialis muscle is attached to the base of patella. The vastus lateralis and vastus medialis are attached to lateral and medial borders of patella respectively. The patella is stabilized by the insertion of vastus medialis and the prominence of the anterior femoral condyles, which prevent lateral dislocation during flexion. The retinacular fibres of the patella also stabilize it during exercise. The primary functional role of the patella is knee extension. The patella increases the leverage that the tendon can exert on the femur by increasing the angle at which it acts. The patella ossifies between the ages 2-6 years. In some people it may be absent congenitally or hypoplastic. In 2% of the population there is a bipartite patella, which is usually asymptomatic. Direct trauma, however, may produce symptoms that mimic those of a fracture. The patella has convergently evolved in placental mammals and birds; marsupials have only rudimentary, non-ossified patellae. In more primitive tetrapods, including living amphibians and reptiles, the muscle tendons from the upper leg are attached directly to the tibia, and the patella is not present. [WP,unvetted]." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=3470151&group_id=76834, Wikipedia:Patella]
comment: See also: fabella
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "knee bone" RELATED [FMA:24485]
synonym: "patella" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Patella]
xref: FMA:24485
xref: GAID:203
xref: galen:Patella
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg/200px-Knee_diagram.svg.png
xref: MA:0001374
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.500.624
xref: ncithesaurus:Patella
xref: SCTID:182083008
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="FMA"} ! sesamoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0005893 ! leg bone
is_a: UBERON:0011141 ! appendicular ossicle
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002458
name: spinal artery
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002043-ZFA_0000682
def: "." [Wikipedia:Spinal_artery]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "spinal arteries" RELATED [ZFA:0000682]
xref: EHDAA2:0001890
xref: EHDAA:4355
xref: EMAPA:18241
xref: MA:0002043
xref: ncithesaurus:Spinal_Artery
xref: SCTID:244228006
xref: TAO:0000682
xref: ZFA:0000682
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002461
name: anterior abdominal wall muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002268-FMA_20278
synonym: "muscle of anterior abdominal wall" EXACT [FMA:20278]
xref: EHDAA2:0000125
xref: FMA:20278
xref: MA:0002268
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Abdominal_Wall_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002378 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002462
name: erector spinae
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002289-FMA_71302
def: "The Erector spinľ is a muscle of the back in humans and other animals. It is also known as sacrospinalis in older texts. A more modern term is extensor spinae, though this is not in widespread use. The name of the muscle is pronounced e-rec-tor speen-aye, or e-rec-tor spinae-ee. It is really not just one muscle, but a bundle of muscles and tendons. It is paired and runs more or less vertically. It extends throughout the lumbar, thoracic and cervical regions, and lies in the groove to the side of the vertebral column. Erector spinae is covered in the lumbar and thoracic regions by the lumbodorsal fascia, and in the cervical region by the nuchal ligament. This large muscular and tendinous mass varies in size and structure at different parts of the vertebral column. In the sacral region it is narrow and pointed, and at its origin chiefly tendinous in structure. In the lumbar region it is larger, and forms a thick fleshy mass which, on being followed upward, is subdivided into three columns; these gradually diminish in size as they ascend to be inserted into the vertebrľ and ribs. The erector spinae arises from the anterior surface of a broad and thick tendon, which is attached to the medial crest of the sacrum, to the spinous processes of the lumbar and the eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebrľ, and the supraspinal ligament, to the back part of the inner lip of the iliac crests and to the lateral crests of the sacrum, where it blends with the sacrotuberous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Some of its fibers are continuous with the fibers of origin of the Glutľus maximus. The muscular fibers form a large fleshy mass which splits, in the upper lumbar region into three columns, viz. , a lateral, the Iliocostalis, an intermediate, the Longissimus, and a medial, the Spinalis. Each of these consists from below upward, of three parts, as follows: [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Erector_spinae_muscles]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "erector spinae muscle group" EXACT [FMA:71302]
synonym: "extensor spinae muscles" EXACT [Wikipedia:Erector_spinae]
synonym: "m. erector spinĚ?" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Erector_spinae_muscles]
xref: BTO:0001652
xref: EHDAA2:0000454
xref: EHDAA:9456
xref: EMAPA:18168
xref: FMA:71302
xref: MA:0002289
xref: ncithesaurus:Erector_Spinae
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwC7lnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: VHOG:0000984
is_a: UBERON:0003897 {source="EHDAA2"} ! axial muscle
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010961 {source="EHDAA2"} ! erector spinae pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001076 {notes="Spinous processes of T1 and T2 thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae", source="dbpedia"} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002413 {notes="Spinous processes of T1 and T2 thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae", source="dbpedia"} ! cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002463
name: hamstring muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002312-FMA_81022
def: "In human anatomy, the hamstring refers to one of the three posterior thigh muscles, or to the tendons that make up the borders of the space behind the knee. In modern anatomical contexts, however, they usually refer to the posterior thigh muscles, or the tendons of the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris. In quadrupeds, it refers to the single large tendon found behind the knee or comparable area. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Hamstring]
comment: check FMA, singular.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hamstring muscles" EXACT []
synonym: "hamstring muscles set" EXACT []
synonym: "hamstrings" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0003179
xref: EHDAA2:0000727
xref: EHDAA:8295
xref: EMAPA:19072
xref: EMAPA:19145
xref: FMA:81022
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG/200px-Biceps_femoris_muscle_long_head.PNG
xref: MA:0002312
xref: ncithesaurus:Hamstring
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjdtJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: VHOG:0000844
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001378 {source="dbpedia"} ! rectus femoris
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000979 {source="dbpedia"} ! tibia
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia"} ! fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002478
name: orbitosphenoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002773-ZFA_0000253
def: "One of two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the body, and, projecting lateralward, end in sharp points." [Wikipedia:Lesser_wing_of_sphenoid_bone]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "ala minor (os sphenoidale)" EXACT [FMA:52869]
synonym: "alĚ? parvĚ?" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lesser_wing_of_sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "ingrassia's process" EXACT [FMA:52869]
synonym: "lesser wing of sphenoid" EXACT [FMA:52869]
synonym: "lesser wing of sphenoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002773]
synonym: "lesser wing of sphenoidal bone" EXACT [FMA:52869]
xref: AAO:0000345
xref: EMAPA:18719
xref: FMA:52869
xref: MA:0002773
xref: SCTID:361737003
xref: TAO:0000253
xref: VHOG:0001153
xref: ZFA:0000253
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005687 ! orbitosphenoid cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009638 ! orbitosphenoid ossification center
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003111 {source="ZFA"} ! sphenoid region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002481
name: bone tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002780-FMA_224804
def: "Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts[VSAO]." [VSAO:0000047, Wikipedia:Bone_tissue]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "calcium tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "osseous tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "osteogenic tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
xref: FMA:224804
xref: galen:BoneTissue
xref: MA:0002780
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_Tissue
xref: VSAO:0000047
xref: ZFA:0005621
is_a: UBERON:0004755 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002482
name: lamellar bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002781-FMA_224806
def: "Bone tissue that has a regular parallel alignment of collagen into sheets (lamellae) and is mechanically strong." [Wikipedia:Bone#Woven_or_lamellar]
comment: histological classification, lamellar vs woven. Note that only FMA has woven
xref: FMA:224806
xref: galen:LamellarBone
xref: MA:0002781
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002483
name: trabecular bone tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002782-FMA_24019
def: "Cancellous bone, synonymous with trabecular bone or spongy bone, is one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compared to compact bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue, it has a higher surface area but is less dense, softer, weaker, and less stiff. It typically occupies the interior region of bones. Cancellous bone is highly vascular and frequently contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells, occurs. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone is the trabecula. Its Latin name is substantia spongiosa or substantia spongiosa ossium. The words cancellous and trabecular refer to the tiny, lattice-shaped that form the tissue. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Trabecular_bone]
comment: one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones. Compared to compact bone, which is the other type of osseous tissue, it has a higher surface area but is less dense, softer, weaker, and less stiff. It typically occurs at the ends of long bones, proximal to joints and within the interior of vertebrae. Cancellous bone is highly vascular and frequently contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells, occurs. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone is the trabecula.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cancellated bone" RELATED [BTO:0001700]
synonym: "cancellous bone" EXACT [FMA:24019, MA:0002782]
synonym: "cancellous bone tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "spongy bone" EXACT []
synonym: "spongy bone tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "substantia spongiosa" EXACT [Wikipedia:Trabecular_bone]
synonym: "substantia spongiosa ossium" EXACT [Wikipedia:Trabecular_bone]
synonym: "substantia trabecularis ossium" RELATED [BTO:0001700]
synonym: "trabecular bone" EXACT []
synonym: "trabecular substance" RELATED [BTO:0001700]
xref: BTO:0001700
xref: FMA:24019
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Illu_compact_spongy_bone.jpg/200px-Illu_compact_spongy_bone.jpg
xref: MA:0002782
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002482 ! lamellar bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002484
name: bone marrow cavity
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002783-FMA_75147
def: "the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity. Located in the main shaft (cortical bone) of a long bone (diaphysis) (consisting mostly of compact bone), the medullary cavity has walls composed of spongy bone (cancellous bone) and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane (endosteum)" [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow_of_ovaryry_cavity]
comment: AO notes: not clear if the FMA intends to have two classes. MP:0000065: "the medullary cavities of the bones."
synonym: "cavity of cancellous bone" EXACT []
synonym: "marrow cavity" EXACT [FMA:83698]
synonym: "medullary cavity" EXACT [FMA:83698]
xref: FMA:75147
xref: FMA:83698
xref: MA:0002783
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001439 ! compact bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002487
name: tooth cavity
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002792-FMA_55660
def: "." [Wikipedia:Tooth_cavity]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cavitas dentis" EXACT []
synonym: "cavitas pulparis" EXACT [FMA:55660, FMA:TA]
synonym: "cavity of tooth" RELATED [MA:0002792]
synonym: "pulp cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "pulp cavity of tooth" EXACT []
synonym: "tooth pulp cavity" RELATED [MA:0002792]
xref: FMA:55660
xref: MA:0002792
xref: MESH:A.14.254.900.265
xref: SCTID:362105008
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002489
name: coronal suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002795-FMA_52928
def: "The coronal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull. At birth, the bones of the skull do not meet. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Coronal_suture]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "coronal suture of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "fronto-parietal suture" EXACT [PMID:11784098]
synonym: "sutura coronalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coronal_suture]
xref: EMAPA:19225
xref: FMA:52928
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Gray188-Coronal_suture.png/200px-Gray188-Coronal_suture.png
xref: MA:0002795
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv2eGHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:244510008
is_a: UBERON:0003685 {source="GO"} ! cranial suture
relationship: connects UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0000210 ! tetrapod parietal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002490
name: frontal suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002796-FMA_52989
def: "The frontal suture is a dense connective tissue structure that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. It usually disappears by the age of six, with the two halves of the frontal bone being fused together. If it does not disappear it may be called a 'metopic suture' or 'sutura frontalis persistens. ' If the suture is not present at birth (craniosynostosis) it will cause a keel-shaped deformity of the skull called 'trigonocephaly. ' It is present in a fetal skull so that the skull can bend and is very elastic at the time of birth. The baby's head literally bends when coming out of the mother's womb. The space is filled as the child grows older. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Frontal_suture]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "frontal suture of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "metopic suture" RELATED [MA:0002796]
synonym: "sutura frontalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Frontal_suture]
synonym: "sutura frontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Frontal_suture]
synonym: "sutura metopica" EXACT [FMA:52989, FMA:TA]
xref: EMAPA:19226
xref: FMA:52989
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gray134.png/200px-Gray134.png
xref: MA:0002796
xref: SCTID:136854008
is_a: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
relationship: connects UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002491
name: lambdoid suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002797-FMA_52933
def: "The lambdoid suture (or lambdoidal suture) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal and temporal bones with the occipital bone. Its name comes from its lambda-like shape. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lambdoid_suture]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lambdoid suture of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "lambdoidal suture" RELATED [MA:0002797]
synonym: "sutura lambdoidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lambdoid_suture]
synonym: "sutura lambdoidea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lambdoid_suture]
xref: EMAPA:19227
xref: FMA:52933
xref: MA:0002797
xref: SCTID:361830007
is_a: UBERON:0003685 {source="GO"} ! cranial suture
relationship: connects UBERON:0000210 ! tetrapod parietal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002492
name: sagittal suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002798-FMA_52929
def: "The sagittal suture is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull. At birth, the bones of the skull do not meet. If certain bones of the skull grow too fast then 'premature closure' of the sutures may occur. This can result in skull deformities. If the sagittal suture closes early the skull becomes long, narrow, and wedge-shaped, a condition called 'scaphocephaly. ' Two anatomical landmarks are found on the sagittal suture: the bregma and the vertex of the skull. The bregma is formed by the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures, and the vertex is the highest point on the skull and is many times near the midpoint of the sagittal suture. The sagittal suture is also known as the 'interparietal suture' and the 'sutura interparietalis. ' The term is derived from the Latin word Sagitta, meaning 'arrow'. The derivation of this term may be demonstrated by observing how the sagittal suture is notched posteriorly, like an arrow, by the lambdoid suture. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sagittal_suture]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "sagittal suture of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "sutura sagittalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sagittal_suture]
xref: EMAPA:19224
xref: FMA:52929
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kort-lang-skalle.gif/200px-Kort-lang-skalle.gif
xref: MA:0002798
xref: SCTID:244511007
is_a: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002495
name: long bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002802-FMA_7474
def: "Long bone is a limb bone that is subcylindrical and has a shaft with periosteum separating the ends of the bones. Long bones are present only in the limbs[VSAO]." [VSAO:wd, Wikipedia:Long_bone]
comment: Endochondral_ossification is an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, with the exception of the clavicle[Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]. The medial and and lateral ends undergo EO, the mid-portion is formed by a process with features of EO & IO (the process is shared by the mandible)[ISBN:9780397517251]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0004256
xref: FMA:7474
xref: galen:LongBone
xref: MA:0002802
xref: ncithesaurus:Long_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv6axr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:332709000
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002496
name: stapes base
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002804-FMA_52769
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "base of stapes" RELATED [MA:0002804]
synonym: "footplate" RELATED []
synonym: "stapes footplate" RELATED [MA:0002804]
xref: EHDAA:5143
xref: EHDAA:6096
xref: FMA:52769
xref: MA:0002804
xref: SCTID:279685009
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001687 ! stapes

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002497
name: acromion
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002805-FMA_23260
def: "Region of the scapula where the latter meets with the clavicle: attachment point of the clavicle to the scapula in some taxa." [VSAO:0005067, Wikipedia:Acromion]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "acromion of the scapula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Acromion]
synonym: "acromion process" EXACT [VSAO:0005067]
synonym: "scapular acromion" EXACT [VSAO:0005067]
xref: AAO:0000826
xref: EMAPA:25119
xref: FMA:23260
xref: GAID:187
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gray206.png/200px-Gray206.png
xref: MA:0002805
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087.783.261
xref: ncithesaurus:Acromion
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvmrF8pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181911000
xref: VSAO:0005067
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002498
name: deltoid tuberosity
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002808-FMA_23418
def: "The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Deltoid_tuberosity]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "deltoid crest" EXACT [MP:0004353]
synonym: "deltoid eminence" EXACT [MP:0004353]
synonym: "deltoid impression" EXACT [MP:0004353]
synonym: "deltoid process" EXACT [MP:0004353]
synonym: "deltoid tuberosity of humerus" EXACT [FMA:23418]
synonym: "tuberositas deltoidea" EXACT [FMA:23418, FMA:TA]
synonym: "tuberositas deltoidea (corpus humeri)" EXACT []
synonym: "tuberositas deltoidea humeri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deltoid_tuberosity]
xref: EMAPA:25052
xref: FMA:23418
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/HumerusFront.png/200px-HumerusFront.png
xref: MA:0002808
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004652 ! humerus diaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002499
name: cochlear labyrinth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002809-FMA_61259
def: "For more uses of the word labyrinth, see Labyrinth (disambiguation) The labyrinth is a system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. It is named by analogy with the mythical maze that imprisoned the Minotaur, because of its appearance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cochlear_labyrinth]
comment: WP - The labyrinth can be divided by layer or by region. Bony vs. membranous / Vestibular vs. cochlear
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0004686
xref: FMA:61259
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Gray923.png/200px-Gray923.png
xref: MA:0002809
xref: ncithesaurus:Cochlear_Labyrinth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002500
name: zygomatic arch
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002810-FMA_53120
def: "The zygomatic arch or cheek bone is formed by the zygomatic process of temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture; the tendon of the Temporalis passes medial to the arch to gain insertion into the coronoid process of the mandible. The term zygomatic derives from the Latin zyosislymore meaning malar bone or cheekbone. The zygomatic arch is occasionally referred to as the zygoma, but this term usually refers to the zygomatic bone or occasionally the zygomatic process. The zygomatic process of the temporal arises by two roots: an anterior, directed inward in front of the mandibular fossa, where it expands to form the articular tubercle. a posterior, which runs backward above the external acoustic meatus and is continuous with the supramastoid crest. The upper border of the arch gives attachment to the temporal fascia; the lower border and medial surface give origin to the Masseter. The zygomatic arch is significant in evolutionary biology, as it is part of the structures derived from the ancestral single temporal fenestra of the synapsid ancestor of mammals. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_arch]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "arcus zygomaticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_arch]
synonym: "zygoma" EXACT []
xref: FMA:53120
xref: galen:Zygoma
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Gray188-Sphenozygomatic_suture.png/200px-Gray188-Sphenozygomatic_suture.png
xref: MA:0002810
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.995
xref: ncithesaurus:Zygomatic_Arch
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvih1YZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:272682006
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002501
name: oval window
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002813-FMA_56913
def: "The oval window (or vestibular window) is a membrane-covered opening which leads from the middle ear to the vestibule of the inner ear. Vibrations that come into contact with the tympanic membrane travel through the three ossicles and into the inner ear. The oval window is the intersection of the middle ear with the inner ear, and is directly contacted by the stapes; by the time vibrations reach the oval window, they have been amplified over twenty times from what they were when they contacted the tympanic membrane, a testament to the amplifying power of the middle ear. It is a reniform (kidney-shaped) opening leading from the tympanic cavity into the vestibule of the internal ear; its long diameter is horizontal, and its convex border is upward. In the recent state it is occupied by the base of the stapes, the circumference of which is fixed by the annular ligament to the margin of the foramen. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Oval_window]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "fenestra vestibuli, fenestra ovalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Oval_window]
synonym: "oval window of petrous part of temporal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "vestibular window" RELATED [MA:0002813]
xref: FMA:56913
xref: GAID:882
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gray911.png/200px-Gray911.png
xref: MA:0002813
xref: MESH:A.09.246.631.909.551
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001694 ! petrous part of temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002502
name: round window
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002814-FMA_56932
def: "The round window is one of the two openings into the cochlea of the inner ear. It is closed off from the middle ear by the round window membrane, which vibrates with opposite phase to vibrations entering the cochlea through the oval window. It allows fluid in the cochlea to move, which in turn ensures that hair cells of the basilar membrane will be stimulated and that audition will occur. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Round_window]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cochlear window" RELATED [MA:0002814]
synonym: "fenestra cochleae, fenestra rotunda" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Round_window]
synonym: "round window of petrous part of temporal bone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:56932
xref: GAID:878
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gray911.png/200px-Gray911.png
xref: MA:0002814
xref: MESH:A.09.246.631.246.814
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001694 ! petrous part of temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002503
name: greater trochanter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002822-FMA_32852
def: "The greater trochanter (great trochanter) of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system. It is directed a little lateralward and backward, and, in the adult, is about 1 cm lower than the head. Because the pelvic outlet in the female is larger than in the male, there is a greater distance between the greater trochanters in the female. It has two surfaces and four borders. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Greater_trochanter]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "greater trochanter of femur" EXACT []
synonym: "trochanter major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Greater_trochanter]
xref: FMA:32852
xref: galen:GreaterTrochanter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gray243.png/200px-Gray243.png
xref: MA:0002822
xref: SCTID:182050001
is_a: UBERON:0000980 ! trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002504
name: lesser trochanter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002823-FMA_32853
def: "The lesser trochanter (small trochanter) of the femur is a conical eminence, which varies in size in different subjects [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Lesser_trochanter]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lesser trochanter of femur" EXACT []
synonym: "trochanter minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lesser_trochanter]
xref: FMA:32853
xref: galen:LesserTrochanter
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gray341.png/200px-Gray341.png
xref: MA:0002823
xref: ncithesaurus:Lesser_Trochanter
xref: SCTID:182051002
is_a: UBERON:0000980 ! trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002510
name: anterior fontanel
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002830-FMA_75439
def: "The anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge-shaped, and measures about 4 cm in its antero-posterior and 2.5 cm in its transverse diameter. The fontanelle allows the skull to deform during birth to ease its passage through the birth canal and for expansion of the brain after birth. While the posterior and lateral fontanelles are obliterated by about six months after birth, the anterior is not completely closed until about the middle of the second year. Full ossification starts in the late twenties and finishes before the age of 50 . [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Anterior_fontanelle]
synonym: "anterior fontanelle" EXACT [FMA:75439]
synonym: "fonticulus anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_fontanelle]
xref: EMAPA:19199
xref: FMA:75439
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Gray197.png/200px-Gray197.png
xref: MA:0002830
is_a: UBERON:0002221 ! fontanelle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002513
name: endochondral bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002836-ZFA_0001591
def: "Replacement bone that forms within cartilage[TAO]. Endochondral ossification is the formation of bone by the replacement of cartilage tissue with mineralized bone[GO]. cartilage is present during endochondral ossification. It is also an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, the growth of the length of long bones, and the natural healing of bone fractures[WP]." [GO:0001958, Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]
comment: note that some structures, e.g. in ZFA are both intramembrane and endochondral. Editor notes: placement in this class to be inferred
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cartilaginous bone" RELATED [BTO:0002157]
xref: AAO:0010776
xref: AEO:0000083
xref: BTO:0002157
xref: EHDAA2:0003083
xref: TAO:0001591
xref: VSAO:0000145
xref: XAO:0004018
xref: ZFA:0001591
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
is_a: UBERON:0010363 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral element
relationship: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0007844 {source="VSAO"} ! cartilaginous element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002514
name: intramembranous bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002837-ZFA_0001635
def: "Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]." [GO:0001957, Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification]
synonym: "membrane bone" RELATED [AEO:0000085]
xref: TAO:0001644
xref: ZFA:0001635
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002515
name: periosteum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002838-FMA_24041
def: "Periosteum is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones. Periosteum consists of dense irregular connective tissue. Periosteum is divided into an outer 'fibrous layer' and inner 'cambium layer' (or 'osteogenic layer'). The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the cambium layer contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts. These osteoblasts are responsible for increasing the width of a long bone and the overall size of the other bone types. After a bone fracture the progenitor cells develop into osteoblasts and chondroblasts, which are essential to the healing process. As opposed to osseous tissue, periosteum has nociceptors nerve endings, making it very sensitive to manipulation. It also provides nourishment by providing the blood supply. Periosteum is attached to bone by strong collagenous fibers called Sharpey's fibres, which extend to the outer circumferential and interstitial lamellae. It also provides an attachment for muscles and tendons. Periosteum that covers the outer surface of the bones of the skull is known as 'pericranium'. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Periosteum]
subset: uberon_slim
xref: BTO:0001022
xref: FMA:24041
xref: GAID:925
xref: galen:PeriOsteum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bone_growth.png/200px-Bone_growth.png
xref: MA:0002838
xref: MESH:A.10.165.265.746
xref: ncithesaurus:Periosteum
xref: SCTID:33840008
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002516
name: epiphyseal plate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002839-FMA_75427
def: "a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone. The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line." [Wikipedia:Epiphyseal_plate]
comment: editor note: consider splitting this class into the epiphyseal plates of long bones and vertebrae
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cartilago epiphysialis" RELATED [BTO:0000412]
synonym: "epiphyseal cartilage" RELATED []
synonym: "epiphyseal disk" RELATED [BTO:0000412]
synonym: "epiphyseal growth disk" RELATED [BTO:0000412]
synonym: "epiphyseal growth plate" EXACT []
synonym: "epiphyseal growth plate cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "epiphysial plate" EXACT [FMA:75427]
synonym: "growth plate" RELATED [MA:0002839]
synonym: "lamina epiphysialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Epiphyseal_plate]
synonym: "long bone epiphyseal plate" EXACT [MA:0002839]
synonym: "physis" RELATED [BTO:0000412]
xref: BTO:0000412
xref: EMAPA:25059
xref: EMAPA:25062
xref: EMAPA:25065
xref: EMAPA:25068
xref: EMAPA:25071
xref: FMA:75427
xref: GAID:191
xref: MA:0002839
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.251.352
xref: SCTID:84349008
is_a: UBERON:0001994 ! hyaline cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002517
name: basicranium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002840-FMA_52801
def: "The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof." [Wikipedia:Base_of_skull]
comment: The skull base is formed from a series of cartilages either side of, and rostral to, the notochord, whose tip lies just caudal to the pituitary gland. It is closely associated with the sensory capsules, which partially or completely sur- round the olfactory epithelium, the eye, and the inner ear[PMID:11523816]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "base of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "basis cranii" EXACT [FMA:52801, FMA:TA]
synonym: "basis cranii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Base_of_skull]
synonym: "cranial base" RELATED [MA:0002840]
xref: FMA:52801
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray193.png/200px-Gray193.png
xref: MA:0002840
xref: MESH:A.01.456.830
xref: ncithesaurus:Base_of_the_Skull
xref: SCTID:181890004
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002522
name: tunica media
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002855-FMA_55590
def: "The tunica media (or just media) (middle coat) is the middle layer of an artery or vein. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tunica_media]
comment: todo - check BTO
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "tunica media vasorum" RELATED [BTO:0002011]
synonym: "tunica media vasorum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tunica_media]
xref: BTO:0002011
xref: FMA:55590
xref: GAID:170
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Illu_artery.jpg/200px-Illu_artery.jpg
xref: MA:0002855
xref: MESH:A.02.633.570.491.800
xref: ncithesaurus:Tunica_Media
xref: SCTID:61695000
is_a: UBERON:0004237 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! blood vessel smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002962
name: adductor pollicis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In human anatomy, the adductor pollicis muscle is a muscle in the hand that functions to adduct the thumb. It has two heads: transverse and oblique. It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm. It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles[WP]." [Wikipedia:Adductor_pollicis_muscle]
synonym: "adductor pollicis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Adductor_pollicis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus adductor pollicis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Adductor_pollicis_muscle]
xref: FMA:37380
xref: SCTID:181649004
is_a: UBERON:0001500 ! muscle of hand
is_a: UBERON:0011145 ! adductor muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001527 {source="dbpedia"} ! abductor pollicis longus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0008465 {source="dbpedia"} ! abductor pollicis brevis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004445 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid"} ! proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0007993 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid"} ! ulnar sesamoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002988
name: first dorsal interosseous of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "abductor indicis" EXACT [FMA:37424]
xref: FMA:37424
xref: SCTID:245003002
is_a: UBERON:0001503 {source="FMA"} ! dorsal interosseous of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0002989
name: anconeus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "small muscle on the posterior aspect of the elbow joint." [Wikipedia:Anconeus_muscle]
comment: Some consider anconeus to be a continuation of the triceps brachii muscle. Some sources consider it to be part of the posterior compartment of the arm, while others consider it part of the posterior compartment of the forearm.
synonym: "anconeus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Anconeus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus anconeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anconeus_muscle]
xref: FMA:37704
xref: SCTID:244993003
is_a: UBERON:0004255 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb stylopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006810 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna distally"} ! olecranon
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006807 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral epicondyle of the humerus proximally"} ! lateral epicondyle of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003106
name: urostyle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:XAO_0003080-ZFA_0000158
def: "In teleosts: Anatomical cluster that is the result of fusion of preural centrum 1 with one or more adjacent ural centra[AAO]; Rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. The urostyle is formed by the fusion of the coccyx and the hypochord[AAO]." [AAO:0000732, TAO:0000158]
comment: In zebrafish, it is composed of preural vertebra 1 and ural centra 1 and 2. The number of ural centra that become fused with preural centrum 1 varies among teleost subgroups. Because of varying developmental origins the urostyle may not be homologous across species.[TAO]. Grouping with AAO dubious
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "compound centrum" RELATED []
synonym: "last vertebra" RELATED []
synonym: "ultimate vertebra" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000732
xref: TAO:0000158
xref: XAO:0003080
xref: ZFA:0000158
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003107
name: Meckel's cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:XAO_0003085-ZFA_0001205
def: "Meckel's cartilage is the bilaterally paired, rod-like, cartilaginous ventral component of the lower jar, or ventral mandibular arch. It is typically resorbed in adults." [PMID:3693112, Wikipedia:Meckel's_cartilage]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "Meckels cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "ventral mandibular cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001205]
xref: AAO:0000289
xref: EHDAA2:0001072
xref: EHDAA:7997
xref: EMAPA:17635
xref: EMAPA:17907
xref: MA:0001580
xref: SCTID:308773009
xref: TAO:0001205
xref: VHOG:0000249
xref: XAO:0003085
xref: ZFA:0001205
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003108
name: suspensorium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:XAO_0003086-ZFA_0000444
def: "Apparatus located toward the posterolateral end of the skull, at the level of the anterior margin of the otic capsule that suspends and braces the jaw against the skull." [AAO:0000596]
synonym: "hyopalatine" EXACT [TAO:0000444]
synonym: "mandibular suspensorium" RELATED []
synonym: "suspensoria" EXACT [TAO:0000444]
xref: AAO:0000596
xref: TAO:0000444
xref: XAO:0003086
xref: ZFA:0000444
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 {source="TAO"} ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003109
name: parapophysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:XAO_0003102-ZFA_0001362
def: "Endochondral bone that forms from a lateral outgrowth of the basiventral arcualia and connects the rib with the vertebral centrum[TAO]. A lateral or ventrolateral projections of vertebrae to which ribs are attached in Danio rerio. ZFA: They can arise through replacement ossification of a basiventral or form directly in bone. They are separated from the centrum in basal teleosts, e.g., Leptolepis coryphaenoides, Megalops and Elops." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: TODO - check
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "lateral process of basiventral" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000698
xref: AAO:0000708
xref: TAO:0001362
xref: XAO:0003102
xref: ZFA:0001362
is_a: UBERON:0001077 ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003110
name: otic region
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:ZFA_0000189-XAO_0003175
synonym: "cranial vault" RELATED [ZFA:0000189]
xref: AAO:0010208
xref: TAO:0000189
xref: XAO:0003175
xref: ZFA:0000189
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003111
name: sphenoid region
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:ZFA_0000290-XAO_0003174
xref: AAO:0010207
xref: TAO:0000290
xref: XAO:0003174
xref: ZFA:0000290
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003112
name: olfactory region
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:ZFA_0000351-XAO_0003172
def: "Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the cranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organ." [TAO:0000351]
synonym: "ethmoid region" EXACT [ZFA:0000351]
xref: AAO:0010206
xref: EFO:0003525
xref: ncithesaurus:Olfactory_Region
xref: TAO:0000351
xref: XAO:0003172
xref: ZFA:0000351
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003113
name: dermatocranium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:ZFA_0000863-XAO_0003169
def: "Bony parts of the skull derived from ossifications in the dermis of the skin[FD]." [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/dermatocranium, Wikipedia:Skull_roof]
synonym: "dermal bone cranium" EXACT [ZFA:0000863]
synonym: "roof of skull" EXACT [Wikipedia:Skull_roof]
synonym: "roofing bones of the skull" EXACT [Wikipedia:Skull_roof]
synonym: "skull roof" EXACT [Wikipedia:Skull_roof]
xref: AAO:0010154
xref: TAO:0000863
xref: XAO:0003169
xref: ZFA:0000863
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 {source="ZFA"} ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003128
name: cranium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism)." [Wikipedia:Cranium_(anatomy)]
comment: The term cranium can be ambiguous, in that it can refer to the neurocranium, or the neurocranium and the Facial skeleton[WP].
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bones of cranium" EXACT [FMA:71325]
synonym: "calvarium" RELATED [BTO:0001328]
synonym: "cranial skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "epicranial plate" RELATED []
synonym: "ossa cranii" EXACT [FMA:71325, FMA:TA]
synonym: "skeletal system of head" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001328
xref: EFO:0000831
xref: EHDAA2:0000325
xref: EHDAA:6029
xref: EMAPA:17680
xref: FMA:71325
xref: MA:0000316
xref: MAT:0000340
xref: MIAA:0000340
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVlEyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181889008
xref: TAO:0000737
xref: VHOG:0000334
xref: XAO:0003075
xref: ZFA:0000737
property_value: "spatially_disjoint_from" UBERON:0001684
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003129
name: skull
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The 4 components of the vertebrate skull are the cartilaginous neurocranium, cartilaginous viscero- cranium, dermal skull roof, and sclerotomal occipital region[PMID]. Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]." [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2962656&group_id=76834&atid=1205376, PMID:11523816, Wikipedia:Skull]
comment: In FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. // A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates[WP].
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cranial skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "skeletal system of head" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000109
xref: AAO:0010185
xref: BTO:0001295
xref: FMA:46565
xref: GAID:82
xref: galen:Skull
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781
xref: ncithesaurus:Skull
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjOsZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005944 ! axial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003216
name: hard palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:FMA_54549-FMA_55023-MA_0002476-MA_0002477-MIAA_0000161
def: "anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes[GO]." [GO:0060022, Wikipedia:Hard_palate]
comment: This class was created automatically from a combination of ontologies
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "hard palate" EXACT []
synonym: "palatum durum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Hard_palate]
xref: EMAPA:18952
xref: FMA:55023
xref: GAID:221
xref: MA:0002477
xref: MAT:0000161
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.660
xref: MIAA:0000161
xref: ncithesaurus:Hard_Palate
xref: SCTID:245778002
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 ! secondary palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003221
name: phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral bones that are often elongate and arranged in rows of articulating elements, and form the visible part of the digits." [VSAO:0000199, Wikipedia:Phalanx_bones]
comment: Taxon notes: In primates such as humans and monkeys, the thumb and big toe have two phalanges, while the other fingers and toes consist of three[WP]
synonym: "digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanges" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "phalanx bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Phalanx_bones]
xref: galen:Phalanx
xref: MA:0000304
xref: ncithesaurus:Phalanx
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvolPZpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:290029003
xref: VSAO:0000199
is_a: UBERON:0003606 ! limb long bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010701 ! phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! skeleton of autopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003222
name: flexor digitorum superficialis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints. The muscle has two classically described heads - the humeroulnar and radial - and it is between these heads that the median nerve and ulnar artery pass. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint gives its origin to part of this muscle. The primary function of flexor digitorum superficialis is flexion of the middle phalanges of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints, however under continued action it also flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist joint[WP]." [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle]
synonym: "flexor digitorum superficialis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus flexor digitorum superficialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle]
xref: FMA:38469
is_a: UBERON:0004254 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0007612 {source="dbpedia"} ! extensor digitorum communis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004301 {source="dbpedia", notes="anterior margins on the bases of the middle phalanges of the four fingers"} ! middle phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006806 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial epicondyle of the humerus as well as parts of the radius and ulna."} ! medial epicondyle of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003228
name: supinator
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a broad muscle in the posterior compartment of the forearm, curved around the upper third of the radius. Its function is to supinate the forearm." [Wikipedia:Supinator_muscle]
comment: TODO: The term "supinator" can also refer more generally to a muscle that causes supination of a part of the body. In older texts, the term "supinator longus" was used to refer to the brachioradialis, and "supinator brevis" was used to the muscle now known as the supinator.
synonym: "musculus supinator" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Supinator_muscle]
synonym: "supinator muscle" EXACT [FMA:75002]
xref: FMA:38512
xref: FMA:75002
xref: SCTID:181634007
is_a: UBERON:0004254 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001520 {source="dbpedia"} ! pronator teres
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001424 {notes="Lateral epicondyle of humerus supinator crest of ulna radial collateral ligament annular ligament", source="dbpedia"} ! ulna
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006807 {notes="Lateral epicondyle of humerus supinator crest of ulna radial collateral ligament annular ligament", source="dbpedia"} ! lateral epicondyle of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003234
name: extensor pollicis longus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Extensor pollicis longus is much larger than the Extensor pollicis brevis muscle, the origin of which it partly covers." [Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "extensor pollicis longis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "extensor pollicis longus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus extensor pollicis longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
xref: FMA:38521
xref: SCTID:361820003
is_a: UBERON:0004254 {source="FMA"} ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0008446 {source="dbpedia"} ! flexor pollicis longus muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0011012 {source="dbpedia"} ! flexor pollicis brevis muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004300 {source="dbpedia"} ! distal phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001424 {source="dbpedia"} ! ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003235
name: epithelium of upper jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epithelium that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0002119
xref: EHDAA:8027
xref: EMAPA:17943
xref: EMAPA:18971
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003236
name: epithelium of lower jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0001019
xref: EHDAA:7999
xref: EMAPA:17922
xref: EMAPA:18968
xref: VHOG:0000802
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003243
name: epithelium of cochlear duct
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epithelium that is part of a cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cochlear duct epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cochlear duct epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of cochlear duct" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of Reissner's canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of Reissner's canal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Reissner's canal epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Reissner's canal epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:4722
xref: EMAPA:17600
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000264
xref: VHOG:0000640
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003250
name: rectus capitis lateralis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Rectus capitis lateralis, a short, flat muscle, arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas, and is inserted into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone." [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle]
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "lateral rectus capitis" EXACT [FMA:46316]
synonym: "musculus rectus capitis lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis lateralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus lateralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus lateralis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle]
xref: FMA:46316
xref: SCTID:244841001
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas"} ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001092 {source="dbpedia", notes="upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas"} ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003252
name: rib cage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bony and cartilaginous structure which surrounds the thoracic (chest) cavity and supports the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, forming a core portion of the human skeleton. A typical human rib cage consists of 24 ribs, the sternum, costal cartilages, and the 12 thoracic vertebrae. It, along with the skin and associated fascia and muscles, makes up the thoracic wall, and provides attachments for the muscles of the neck, thorax, upper abdomen, and back. The human rib cage is a component of the human respiratory system. It encloses the thoracic cavity, which contains the lungs. An inhalation is accomplished when the muscular diaphragm, at the floor of the thoracic cavity, contracts and flattens, while contraction of intercostal muscles lift the rib cage up and out. These actions produce an increase in volume, and a resulting partial vacuum, or negative pressure, in the thoracic cavity, resulting in atmospheric pressure pushing air into the lungs, inflating them. An exhalation results when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, and elastic recoil of the rib cage and lungs expels the air." [Wikipedia:Human_rib_cage]
comment: todo - add child terms
synonym: "cavea thoracis" EXACT [FMA:7480, FMA:TA]
synonym: "cavea thoracis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Human_rib_cage]
synonym: "thoracic cage" EXACT [FMA:7480]
xref: FMA:7480
xref: galen:RibCage
xref: SCTID:361741004
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:7778
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003253
name: neck of rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The neck of the rib is the flattened portion which extends lateralward from the head; it is about 2.5 cm. long, and is placed in front of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& with which the head articulates. Its anterior surface is flat and smooth, its posterior rough for the attachment of the ligament of the neck, and perforated by numerous foramina. Of its two borders the superior presents a rough crest (crista colli costE) for the attachment of the anterior costotransverse ligament; its inferior border is rounded. On the posterior surface at the junction of the neck and body, and nearer the lower than the upper border, is an eminencebthe tubercle; it consists of an articular and a non-articular portion. The articular portion, the lower and more medial of the two, presents a small, oval surface for articulation with the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrC& to which the head is connected. The non-articular portion is a rough elevation, and affords attachment to the ligament of the tubercle. The tubercle is much more prominent in the upper than in the lower ribs." [Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib]
synonym: "collum costae" EXACT [Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib]
synonym: "collum costae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neck_of_rib]
synonym: "rib neck" EXACT [FMA:7576]
xref: FMA:7576
xref: SCTID:263359009
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003267
name: tooth of upper jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A calcareous tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "calcareous tooth of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "calcareous tooth of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dentine containing tooth of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dentine containing tooth of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch calcareous tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch dentine containing tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch vertebrate tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tooth of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw calcareous tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw dentine containing tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw vertebrate tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate tooth of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate tooth of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0002129
xref: EHDAA:8045
xref: EMAPA:17938
xref: MA:0001909
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Tooth
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009680 ! set of upper jaw teeth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003268
name: tooth of lower jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A calcareous tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "calcareous tooth of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "calcareous tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dentine containing tooth of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dentine containing tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw calcareous tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw dentine containing tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw vertebrate tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch calcareous tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch dentine containing tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch vertebrate tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate tooth of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebrate tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0001029
xref: EHDAA:8009
xref: EMAPA:17917
xref: MA:0001907
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Tooth
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009679 ! set of lower jaw teeth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003269
name: skeletal muscle of eye
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eye skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eye skeletal muscle group" RELATED [EHDAA2:0000486]
synonym: "eye skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of eye" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0000486
xref: EHDAA:2923
xref: EMAPA:17844
is_a: UBERON:0003899 ! skeletal muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003270
name: skeletal muscle of leg
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tetrapod leg [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "leg skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "leg skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8291
xref: EMAPA:19144
xref: EMAPA:19318
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000974
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003271
name: skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pelvic girdle [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "girdle-pelvic skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "girdle-pelvic skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle bone skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle bone skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvic girdle skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of girdle-pelvic" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of girdle-pelvic" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of pelvic girdle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of pelvic girdle bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8326
xref: EMAPA:18185
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001430
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003272
name: skeletal muscle of arm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an arm [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8277
xref: EMAPA:19107
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000142
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003273
name: skeletal muscle of tongue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tongue [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of tongue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tongue skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0002065
xref: EHDAA:9146
xref: EMAPA:17883
xref: EMAPA:18879
xref: MA:0001596
xref: ncithesaurus:Tongue_Skeletal_Muscle_Tissue
xref: VHOG:0001390
is_a: UBERON:0003899 ! skeletal muscle of head
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000378 ! tongue muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003276
name: skeleton of embryo
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A skeletal system that is part of a embryo [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developmental tissue set of all bones" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developmental tissue set of bones of body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developmental tissue skeletal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developmental tissue skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "developmental tissue skeleton system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo set of all bones" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo set of bones of body" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo skeletal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "embryo skeleton system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "set of all bones of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "set of all bones of embryo" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "set of bones of body of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "set of bones of body of embryo" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal system of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal system of embryo" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeleton of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeleton system of developmental tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeleton system of embryo" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:5047
xref: EMAPA:17213
is_a: UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003277
name: skeleton of upper jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A subdivision of skeleton that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch subdivision of skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "subdivision of skeleton of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "subdivision of skeleton of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw subdivision of skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0000622
xref: EHDAA2:0002128
xref: EHDAA:8041
xref: EMAPA:17927
xref: VHOG:0000429
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: subdivision_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003278
name: skeleton of lower jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A subdivision of skeleton that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw subdivision of skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "subdivision of skeleton of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "subdivision of skeleton of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch subdivision of skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0000274
xref: EHDAA2:0004606
xref: EHDAA:8005
xref: EMAPA:17910
xref: VHOG:0000428
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 {source="EHDAA2"} ! viscerocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: subdivision_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003317
name: mesenchyme of incisor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mesenchyme that is part of a incisor tooth [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA:8015
xref: EHDAA:8051
xref: EMAPA:17920
xref: EMAPA:17941
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003323
name: mesenchyme of upper jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mesenchyme that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0002124
xref: EHDAA:8031
xref: EMAPA:17929
xref: VHOG:0001099
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003324
name: mesenchyme of lower jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mesenchyme that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0001024
xref: EHDAA:8003
xref: EMAPA:17916
xref: VHOG:0001069
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003355
name: epithelium of incisor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epithelium that is part of a incisor tooth [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of incisor" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelium of incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:17919
xref: EMAPA:17940
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003358
name: epithelium of soft palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epithelium that is part of a soft palate [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of soft palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18950
is_a: UBERON:0003235 ! epithelium of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001733 ! soft palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003368
name: epithelium of hard palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epithelium that is part of a hard palate [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epithelial tissue of hard palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate epithelial tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18953
is_a: UBERON:0003235 ! epithelium of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003378
name: cardiac muscle of auricular region
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "auricular region heart muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of auricle" EXACT [FMA:84279]
xref: FMA:84279
is_a: UBERON:0004490 ! cardiac muscle tissue of atrium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003379
name: cardiac muscle of right atrium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium of heart textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right atrium textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right cardiac atrium textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of heart right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of right atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of right cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0004155
xref: EMAPA:17326
xref: FMA:7282
xref: VHOG:0001227
is_a: UBERON:0004490 ! cardiac muscle tissue of atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003380
name: cardiac muscle of left atrium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium of heart textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left atrium textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left cardiac atrium textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of cardiac left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of heart left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of left atrium of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of left cardiac atrium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0004154
xref: EMAPA:17320
xref: FMA:7285
xref: VHOG:0001225
is_a: UBERON:0004490 ! cardiac muscle tissue of atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003381
name: cardiac muscle of right ventricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "right ventricular cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [GO:0003221]
xref: EMAPA:17342
xref: FMA:83452
xref: VHOG:0001236
is_a: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003382
name: cardiac muscle of left ventricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "left ventricular cardiac muscle tissue" EXACT [GO:0003220]
xref: EMAPA:17339
xref: FMA:83453
xref: VHOG:0001234
is_a: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003383
name: cardiac muscle of interventricular septum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interventricular septum [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "interventricular septum cardiac muscle" EXACT [VHOG:0000999]
synonym: "interventricular septum heart muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004158]
xref: EHDAA2:0004158
xref: EMAPA:17335
xref: FMA:84084
xref: VHOG:0000999
is_a: UBERON:0004492 ! cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum
is_a: UBERON:0004667 ! interventricular septum muscular part

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003384
name: skeletal muscle of pharynx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pharynx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pharynx skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of pharynx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18963
is_a: UBERON:0004830 ! respiratory system skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003385
name: skeletal muscle of mesenchyme
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mesenchyme [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19066
xref: EMAPA:19071
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003386
name: smooth muscle of eye
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a eye [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ocular smooth muscle" EXACT [MA:0001268]
xref: EMAPA:18807
xref: MA:0001268
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003387
name: smooth muscle of trachea
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0004244
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trachea smooth muscle" EXACT [MA:0001863]
synonym: "tracheal smooth muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001391]
xref: BTO:0001391
xref: EMAPA:19192
xref: FMA:262010
xref: MA:0001863
xref: ncithesaurus:Trachea_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004233 ! lower respiratory tract smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003389
name: mesothelium of diaphragm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mesothelium that is part of a diaphragm [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diaphragm meso-epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "diaphragm mesothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meso-epithelium of diaphragm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "meso-epithelium of thoracic diaphragm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesothelium of thoracic diaphragm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thoracic diaphragm meso-epithelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thoracic diaphragm mesothelium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18429
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003406
name: cartilage of respiratory system
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A cartilage that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18694
xref: MA:0001818
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003407
name: cartilage of nasal septum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A cartilage that is part of a nasal septum [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilago septal nasi" EXACT [FMA:59503]
synonym: "nasal septum cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "septal nasal cartilage" EXACT [FMA:59503]
xref: EMAPA:25091
xref: FMA:59503
is_a: UBERON:0001823 ! nasal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003414
name: mesenchyme of mandible
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mesenchyme that is part of a mandible [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower jaw mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower jaw mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw bone mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw bone organ mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mandible mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mandibulla mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of bone of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of bone of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of bone organ of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of bone organ of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lower jaw bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of lower jaw bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of mandibulla" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch bone mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch bone organ mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:17912
is_a: UBERON:0003324 ! mesenchyme of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003417
name: mesenchyme of soft palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mesenchyme that is part of a soft palate [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18951
is_a: UBERON:0003323 ! mesenchyme of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001733 ! soft palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003424
name: mesenchyme of hard palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mesenchyme that is part of a hard palate [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate mesenchyme" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18954
is_a: UBERON:0003323 ! mesenchyme of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003449
name: tail intervertebral disc
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A intervertebral disk that is part of a tail [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intervertebral disc of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intervertebral disc of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intervertebral disk of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intervertebral disk of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region intervertebral disc" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region intervertebral disk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region spinal disc" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal disc of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spinal disc of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tail intervertebral disk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tail spinal disc" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19592
xref: MA:0000698
is_a: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003450
name: upper jaw incisor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A incisor tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch incisor" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper incisor" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "upper jaw incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper primary incisor tooth" NARROW [FMA:84214]
xref: EHDAA2:0002121
xref: EMAPA:17939
xref: FMA:55712
xref: MA:0001601
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Incisor
is_a: UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth
is_a: UBERON:0003267 ! tooth of upper jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003451
name: lower jaw incisor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A incisor tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "incisor tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower incisor" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lower jaw incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower primary incisor tooth" NARROW [FMA:84215]
synonym: "mandibular incisor" EXACT [BTO:0001942]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch incisor" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch incisor tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001942
xref: EHDAA2:0001021
xref: EMAPA:17918
xref: FMA:55713
xref: MA:0001600
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Incisor
is_a: UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth
is_a: UBERON:0003268 ! tooth of lower jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0001098 ! incisor tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003452
name: trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a trabecula carnea [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle textus muscularis of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart textus muscularis of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart muscle of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle tissue of myocardium of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium muscle tissue of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium textus muscularis of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of cardiac muscle of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart muscle of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of heart myocardium of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of muscle of heart of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "textus muscularis of myocardium of trabecula carnea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea cardiac muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea cardiac muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea heart muscle muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea heart muscle textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea heart myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea heart myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle of heart muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle of heart textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle tissue of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle tissue of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle tissue of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea muscle tissue of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea myocardium muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea myocardium textus muscularis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea textus muscularis of cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea textus muscularis of heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea textus muscularis of muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecula carnea textus muscularis of myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:84428
xref: MA:0002833
is_a: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003457
name: head bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a head [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000576
xref: SCTID:118646007
is_a: UBERON:0007914 ! head or neck bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003458
name: neck bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a neck [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000584
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvnpJSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
is_a: UBERON:0007914 ! head or neck bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003459
name: chest bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a chest [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior thoracic region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterior thoracic region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anterolateral part of thorax bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of anterior thoracic region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of anterolateral part of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of chest" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of front of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "front of thorax bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000547
is_a: UBERON:0003827 ! thoracic segment bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003460
name: arm bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of the region of the forelimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of upper extremity" EXACT [GAID:178]
synonym: "bone organ of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000592
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwKTXoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
is_a: UBERON:0008962 ! forelimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003461
name: shoulder bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a shoulder [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: AO notes: this is a forelimb bone in MA, but this would lead to part-disjointness violations. Subtypes are clavicle, scapula, humerus
synonym: "bone of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of shoulder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "shoulder bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000631
is_a: UBERON:0007829 ! pectoral girdle bone
is_a: UBERON:0010741 {notes="UBERONREF:0000003", source="MA"} ! bone of pectoral complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003462
name: viscerocranium bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a viscerocranium [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Editors note: test whether 'facial bone' is an exact synonym
synonym: "bone of facial skeleton" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of splanchnocranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of viscerocranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "facial bone" EXACT [EMAPA:19019]
synonym: "facial skeleton bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19019
xref: MA:0001482
xref: ncithesaurus:Facial_Bone
xref: SCTID:181799005
is_a: UBERON:0003457 ! head bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003463
name: trunk bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a trunk [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000512
xref: SCTID:427358002
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003464
name: hindlimb bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a hindlimb region. Examples: any foot phalanx, femur. Counter-examples: ischium, pubis (they are part of the pelvic girdle)" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note that the MA class is actually bone of pelvic complex; in contrast the NCIT class excludes ilium etc
synonym: "bone of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EFO:0003842
xref: GAID:198
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_of_the_Lower_Extremity
xref: SCTID:361370006
is_a: UBERON:0002428 ! limb bone
is_a: UBERON:0010742 ! bone of pelvic complex
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010885 ! hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003465
name: chondrocranium bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0004762
def: "A bone that is part of a chondrocranium [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: ZFA:0001544 class made obsolete.
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bone of chondrocranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of chondrocranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chondrocranium bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "endochondral neurocranium bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0001478
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003466
name: lower arm bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a lower arm [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "antebrachial region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of antebrachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of arm middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of arm zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of brachial region middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of brachial region zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of intermediate segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower segment of arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of brachial region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of brachial region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000598
is_a: UBERON:0003460 ! arm bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003467
name: sesamoid bone of gastrocnemius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A small sesamoid bone situated behind a condyle of the femur." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=1205376&aid=3470151&group_id=76834, MP:0009005, Wikipedia:Fabella]
synonym: "fabella" RELATED [MA:0001378]
synonym: "gastrocnemius sesamoid bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "m. gastrocnemius sesamoid bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "sesamoid bone of m. gastrocnemius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: galen:Fabella
xref: MA:0001378
xref: SCTID:302749009
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="MA"} ! sesamoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0004251 ! lower leg bone
is_a: UBERON:0011141 ! appendicular ossicle
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001388 ! gastrocnemius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003482
name: vein of trabecular bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of vein that is part of a trabecular bone tissue [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spongy bone vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecular bone tissue vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trabecular bone vein" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of spongy bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vein of trabecular bone tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002254
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002483 ! trabecular bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003601
name: neck cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A cartilage that is part of a neck [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of neck (volume)" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck (volume) cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000586
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003603
name: lower respiratory tract cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A cartilage that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001819
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Respiratory_Tract_Cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003406 ! cartilage of respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003604
name: trachea cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The cartilages of the trachea (or tracheal rings) vary from sixteen to twenty in number: each forms an imperfect ring, which occupies the anterior two-thirds or so of the circumference of the trachea, being deficient behind, where the tube is completed by fibrous tissue and unstriped muscular fibers." [Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings]
synonym: "cartilage of the trachea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings]
synonym: "cartilage of trachea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of windpipe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilagines tracheales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings]
synonym: "cartilaginous ring of trachea" EXACT [EMAPA:18699]
synonym: "cartilaginous trachea cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilago trachealis" EXACT [FMA:7434]
synonym: "ring of the trachea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings]
synonym: "tracheal cartilage" EXACT [FMA:7434]
synonym: "tracheal ring" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tracheal_rings]
synonym: "windpipe cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:18699
xref: FMA:7434
xref: MA:0001857
xref: ncithesaurus:Trachea_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:278979006
is_a: UBERON:0003603 ! lower respiratory tract cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003606
name: limb long bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A long bone that is part of a limb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000298
is_a: UBERON:0002428 ! limb bone
is_a: UBERON:0002495 ! long bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003607
name: forelimb long bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A long bone that is part of a forelimb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000299
is_a: UBERON:0003606 ! limb long bone
is_a: UBERON:0008962 ! forelimb bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003608
name: hindlimb long bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A long bone that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000300
is_a: UBERON:0003464 ! hindlimb bone
is_a: UBERON:0003606 ! limb long bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003618
name: aorta tunica media
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the middle layer of the aorta wall, containing the smooth muscle layer and elastic fibers." [MP:0009873]
synonym: "adult aorta tunica media" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta tunica media" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree tunica media" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica media of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica media of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica media of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tunica media of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:74433
xref: MA:0002903
xref: SCTID:48467007
is_a: UBERON:0004178 ! aorta smooth muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0007239 ! tunica media of artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003620
name: hand digit 1 phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of first digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hand digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ]" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first digit of hand digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first digit of hand long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first digit of hand phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 1 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 1 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of first digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hand digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ]" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of first digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ]" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19113
xref: FMA:35477
xref: MA:0001389
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_1_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:181975002
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010675 ! finger 1 phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003636
name: hand digit 2 phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd digit of hand digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd digit of hand long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd digit of hand phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 2 nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 2 nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "index finger phalanx" EXACT [FMA:35480]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 2 nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 2 nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 2 nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 2 nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:35480]
synonym: "phalanx of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19115
xref: FMA:35480
xref: MA:0001390
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_2_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:361783009
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010676 ! finger 2 phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003637
name: hand digit 3 phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd digit of hand digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd digit of hand long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd digit of hand phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 3 rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 3 rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 3 rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 3 rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle finger phalanx" EXACT [FMA:35483]
synonym: "phalanx of 3 rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 3 rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:35483]
synonym: "phalanx of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19117
xref: FMA:35483
xref: MA:0001391
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_3_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:361785002
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010677 ! finger 3 phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003638
name: hand digit 4 phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th digit of hand digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th digit of hand long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th digit of hand phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 4 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 4 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 4 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 4 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 4 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 4 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:35486]
synonym: "ring finger phalanx" EXACT [FMA:35486]
xref: EMAPA:19119
xref: FMA:35486
xref: MA:0001392
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_4_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:361787005
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010678 ! finger 4 phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003639
name: hand digit 5 phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th digit of hand digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th digit of hand long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th digit of hand phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 5 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of 5 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "little finger phalanx" EXACT [FMA:35489]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 5 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of 5 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 5 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of 5 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35489]
synonym: "phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:35489]
xref: EMAPA:19121
xref: FMA:35489
xref: MA:0001393
xref: ncithesaurus:Hand_Digit_5_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:361789008
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010679 ! finger 5 phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003640
name: foot digit 1 phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "big toe phalanx" EXACT [FMA:32884]
synonym: "digit long bone of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 1 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 1 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of big toe" EXACT [FMA:32884]
synonym: "phalanx of first digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32884]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of great toe" EXACT [FMA:32884]
synonym: "phalanx of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19124
xref: FMA:32884
xref: MA:0001381
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_1_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:361798006
is_a: UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of toe
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010680 ! toe 1 phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003641
name: foot digit 2 phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of second toe" EXACT [FMA:32899]
synonym: "second toe phalanx" EXACT [FMA:32899]
xref: EMAPA:19126
xref: FMA:32899
xref: MA:0001382
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_2_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:361800004
is_a: UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of toe
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010681 ! toe 2 phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003642
name: foot digit 3 phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "long bone of digit of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of third toe" EXACT [FMA:32900]
synonym: "third toe phalanx" EXACT [FMA:32900]
xref: EMAPA:19128
xref: FMA:32900
xref: MA:0001383
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_3_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:361802007
is_a: UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of toe
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010682 ! toe 3 phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003645
name: metacarpal bone of digit 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "finger 1 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "first digit of hand metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first digit of hand metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:23899]
synonym: "hand digit 1 metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 1 metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal 1" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal bone digit 1" EXACT [MA:0001364]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of first digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of hand digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ]" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal I" EXACT [FMA:23899]
synonym: "metacarpal of first digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of hand digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ]" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Pollex ; Digitus primus [ I ] metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0010616
xref: EMAPA:19112
xref: FMA:23899
xref: MA:0001364
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_1
xref: SCTID:181973009
property_value: "ray_number" "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004338 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 1
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010570 ! finger 1 metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004338 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003646
name: metacarpal bone of digit 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "2 nd digit of hand metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd digit of hand metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2 nd finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger 2 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "hand digit 2 metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal 2" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal bone digit 2" EXACT [MA:0001365]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 2 nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 2 nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal II" EXACT [FMA:23900]
synonym: "metacarpal of 2 nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 2 nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:23900]
xref: AAO:0000853
xref: EMAPA:19114
xref: FMA:23900
xref: MA:0001365
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_2
xref: SCTID:263399007
property_value: "ray_number" "2" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004328 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 2
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010571 ! finger 2 metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004328 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003647
name: metacarpal bone of digit 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "3 rd digit of hand metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd digit of hand metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3 rd finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger 3 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "hand digit 3 metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal 3" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal bone digit 3" EXACT [MA:0001366]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 3 rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 3 rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal III" EXACT [FMA:23901]
synonym: "metacarpal of 3 rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 3 rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:23901]
xref: AAO:0000854
xref: EMAPA:19116
xref: FMA:23901
xref: MA:0001366
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_3
xref: SCTID:263400000
property_value: "ray_number" "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004329 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 3
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010572 ! finger 3 metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004329 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003648
name: metacarpal bone of digit 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "4 th digit of hand metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th digit of hand metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4 th finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger 4 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "fourth finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:23902]
synonym: "hand digit 4 metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal 4" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal bone digit 4" EXACT [MA:0001367]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 4 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 4 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal IV" EXACT [FMA:23902]
synonym: "metacarpal of 4 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 4 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0010615
xref: EMAPA:19118
xref: FMA:23902
xref: MA:0001367
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_4
xref: SCTID:263401001
property_value: "ray_number" "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004330 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 4
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010573 ! finger 4 metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004330 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003649
name: metacarpal bone of digit 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: note FMA also has FMA:36782
synonym: "5 th digit of hand metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th digit of hand metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5 th finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:23903]
synonym: "finger 5 metacarpus" EXACT []
synonym: "hand digit 5 metacarpal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 metacarpal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal 5" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal bone digit 5" EXACT [MA:0001368]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 5 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of 5 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal bone of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 5 th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of 5 th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal V" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000855
xref: EMAPA:19120
xref: FMA:23903
xref: MA:0001368
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpal_Bone_Digit_5
xref: SCTID:263402008
property_value: "ray_number" "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004331 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 5
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010574 ! finger 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004331 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003650
name: metatarsal bone of digit 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "first metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:24502]
synonym: "foot digit 1 metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal 1" EXACT []
synonym: "metatarsal bone digit 1" EXACT [MA:0001369]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal I" EXACT [AAO:0000925]
synonym: "toe 1 metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 1 metatarsus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000925
xref: EMAPA:19123
xref: FMA:24502
xref: MA:0001369
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_1
xref: SCTID:182121005
property_value: "ray_number" "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004332 ! proximal phalanx of foot digit 1
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010557 ! toe 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004332 ! proximal phalanx of foot digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003651
name: metatarsal bone of digit 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "foot digit 2 metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal 2" EXACT []
synonym: "metatarsal bone digit 2" EXACT [MA:0001370]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal II" EXACT [AAO:0000926]
synonym: "second metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:24503]
synonym: "toe 2 metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 2 metatarsus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000926
xref: EMAPA:19125
xref: FMA:24503
xref: MA:0001370
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_2
xref: SCTID:182128004
property_value: "ray_number" "2" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004333 ! proximal phalanx of foot digit 2
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010558 ! toe 2 metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004333 ! proximal phalanx of foot digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003652
name: metatarsal bone of digit 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "foot digit 3 metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal 3" EXACT []
synonym: "metatarsal bone digit 3" EXACT [MA:0001371]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal III" EXACT [AAO:0000927]
synonym: "third metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:24504]
synonym: "toe 3 metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 3 metatarsus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000927
xref: EMAPA:19127
xref: FMA:24504
xref: MA:0001371
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_3
xref: SCTID:182134006
property_value: "ray_number" "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004334 ! proximal phalanx of foot digit 3
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010559 ! toe 3 metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004334 ! proximal phalanx of foot digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003653
name: metatarsal bone of digit 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "foot digit 4 metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:24505]
synonym: "metatarsal 4" EXACT []
synonym: "metatarsal bone digit 4" EXACT [MA:0001372]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal IV" EXACT [AAO:0000928]
synonym: "toe 4 metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 4 metatarsus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000928
xref: EMAPA:19129
xref: FMA:24505
xref: MA:0001372
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_4
xref: SCTID:182139001
property_value: "ray_number" "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004335 ! proximal phalanx of foot digit 4
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010560 ! toe 4 metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004335 ! proximal phalanx of foot digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003654
name: metatarsal bone of digit 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "fifth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:24506]
synonym: "foot digit 5 metatarsal bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal 5" EXACT []
synonym: "metatarsal bone digit 5" EXACT [MA:0001373]
synonym: "metatarsal bone of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal V" EXACT [AAO:0000929]
synonym: "toe 5 metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "toe 5 metatarsus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000929
xref: EMAPA:19131
xref: FMA:24506
xref: MA:0001373
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsal_Bone_Digit_5
xref: SCTID:182144008
property_value: "ray_number" "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004336 ! proximal phalanx of foot digit 5
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010561 ! toe 5 metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0004336 ! proximal phalanx of foot digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003655
name: molar tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals." [Wikipedia:Molar_(tooth)]
comment: Adult humans have twelve molars, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The third, rearmost molar in each group is called a wisdom tooth. It is the last tooth to appear, breaking through the surface of the gum at about the age of twenty, although this varies from individual to individual. Ethnicity can also have an impact on the age at which this occurs, with statistical variations between groups. The human mouth contains upper (maxillary) and lower (mandibular) molars. They are: maxillary first molar, maxillary second molar, maxillary third molar, mandibular first molar, mandibular second molar, and mandibular third molar.
synonym: "dens molaris" EXACT [Wikipedia:Molar_%28tooth%29]
synonym: "molar" EXACT [MA:0000350]
synonym: "molaris" EXACT [BTO:0001759]
xref: BTO:0001759
xref: FMA:55638
xref: MA:0000350
xref: MESH:A.14.254.860.525
xref: ncithesaurus:Molar_Tooth
xref: SCTID:362115002
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003656
name: mesopodium bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a mesopodium skeleton[cjm]. The carpus (wrist) and tarsus (ankle) of land vertebrates primitively had three rows of carpal or tarsal bones. Often some of these have become lost or fused in evolution. Three proximals. In the hand humans has all three. In the foot the middle proximal appears in 5-15% of people as an os trigonum. Centrale or os centrale, on the medial side. In humans and our closest relatives the African apes (chimpanzees and gorillas) it fuses to the scaphoid where it forms the articulation with the trapezoid bone; occasionally it stays separate. In Man's foot it is the navicular. Some early land vertebrates had more than one (up to three) os centrale per hand or foot. Distals, one per finger / toe at the base of each metacarpal or metatarsal. In mammals the 4th and 5th fuse. In the horse the 1st is lost[WP]." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Carpus_and_tarsus_of_land_vertebrates]
synonym: "basipodium bone" EXACT [MA:th]
synonym: "carpal/tarsal bone" EXACT [MA:0000295]
synonym: "mesopodium bone" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000295
is_a: UBERON:0002428 ! limb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009878 ! mesopodium skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003657
name: limb joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Any joint that is part of a (free) limb." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "joint of limb" EXACT []
synonym: "joint of limb skeletal system" EXACT [Obol:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal limb joint" EXACT [GO:0036023]
xref: EMAPA:19204
xref: galen:LimbJoint
xref: MA:0000691
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003658
name: hip muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a hip [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hip region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of regio coxae" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "regio coxae muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000657
is_a: UBERON:0001497 ! muscle of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003659
name: foot digit muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a toe [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of foot muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000648
is_a: UBERON:0001498 ! muscle of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003660
name: eyelid muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a eyelid [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blepharon muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "eyelid muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of blepharon" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of eyelid" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000269
xref: ncithesaurus:Eyelid_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004253 ! skin muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004277 ! eye muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003661
name: limb muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a limb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000692
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003662
name: forelimb muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0005634
comment: AO notes: FMA and MA class actually refer to muscles of entire pectoral complex
synonym: "arm muscle system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000141]
synonym: "fore limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of free upper limb" EXACT [FMA:37348]
synonym: "muscle of upper limb" EXACT [FMA:9621]
synonym: "musculature of arm" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "musculature of the arm" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "wing muscle" NARROW SENSU [Geisha:syn]
xref: AAO:0000204
xref: BTO:0000479
xref: FMA:37348
is_a: UBERON:0003661 ! limb muscle
is_a: UBERON:0010891 ! pectoral complex muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003663
name: hindlimb muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "free lower limb muscle" EXACT [FMA:37368]
synonym: "hind limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of posterior limb" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "muscle organ of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0000222
xref: EFO:0001928
xref: FMA:37368
is_a: UBERON:0003661 ! limb muscle
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003664
name: hand digit muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a finger [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of hand muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000624
is_a: UBERON:0001500 ! muscle of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003665
name: tail muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a tail [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "caudal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "muscle organ of post-vent region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of tail" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "post-vent region muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tail muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0000081
xref: BTO:0001905
xref: MA:0000699
xref: SCTID:113230005
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003666
name: upper jaw molar
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "molar tooth of palatoquadrate arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "molar tooth of upper jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch molar tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper jaw molar tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper primary molar tooth" EXACT [FMA:84210]
xref: EHDAA2:0002125
xref: EHDAA:8053
xref: EMAPA:17942
xref: FMA:55720
xref: MA:0001603
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw_Molar
xref: SCTID:422318005
is_a: UBERON:0003267 ! tooth of upper jaw
is_a: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003667
name: lower jaw molar
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A molar tooth that is part of a lower jaw [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw molar tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower primary molar tooth" NARROW [FMA:84213]
synonym: "molar tooth of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "molar tooth of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch molar tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0001025
xref: EHDAA:8017
xref: EMAPA:17921
xref: FMA:55721
xref: MA:0001602
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw_Molar
is_a: UBERON:0003268 ! tooth of lower jaw
is_a: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003671
name: anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "anterior cruciate ligament" EXACT [FMA:44614]
xref: FMA:44614
xref: GAID:122
xref: galen:AnteriorCruciateLigament
xref: MESH:A.02.513.514.100
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4r77KC8RuaEd2f4ADggVfexA
xref: SCTID:182443006
is_a: UBERON:0006659 ! cruciate ligament of knee

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003672
name: dentition
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: In FMA this is an anatomical set
synonym: "dentes" EXACT [FMA:75150, FMA:TA]
synonym: "set of teeth" EXACT [FMA:75150]
synonym: "teeth" EXACT [FMA:75150]
synonym: "teeth" RELATED []
synonym: "teeth set" EXACT [FMA:75150]
xref: AAO:0000126
xref: FMA:75150
xref: GAID:1249
xref: MESH:A.14.254
xref: ncithesaurus:Dentition
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi65JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:245543004
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 {source="AAO"} ! skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003674
name: cuspid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth. However, they can appear more flattened, causing them to resemble incisors and leading them to be called incisiform. They evolved and are used primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in a mammal's mouth. Most species that develop them normally have four per individual, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by its incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most animals, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. The four canines in humans are the two maxillary canines and the two mandibular canines." [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "canine %28tooth%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "canine eminence" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "canine teeth" RELATED [GAID:1262]
synonym: "canine teeth" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "canine tooth" RELATED [GAID:1262]
synonym: "cuspid" EXACT [FMA:55636]
synonym: "cuspis dentis" EXACT [FMA:55636, FMA:TA]
synonym: "dens caninus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "dentes canini" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "dogtooth %28anatomy%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "eye teeth" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "eye tooth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "eyeteeth" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "eyetooth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
synonym: "fang" RELATED [Wikipedia:Canine_tooth]
xref: FMA:55636
xref: GAID:1262
xref: MESH:A.14.254.860.200
xref: ncithesaurus:Canine_Tooth
xref: SCTID:88719004
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003675
name: tooth crown
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "anatomical crown" EXACT [FMA:55623]
synonym: "corona dentis" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Corona_Dentis]
synonym: "crown" RELATED []
synonym: "crown of tooth" EXACT [FMA:55623]
synonym: "tooth crown" EXACT [FMA:55623]
xref: FMA:55623
xref: GAID:1275
xref: MESH:A.14.254.900.710
xref: ncithesaurus:Corona_Dentis
xref: SCTID:362106009
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003676
name: patellar ligament
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The central portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris. It is attached to the apex of the PATELLA and to the lower part of the tubercle of the TIBIA." [MESH:A.02.513.514.475, Wikipedia:Patellar_ligament]
synonym: "central band of tendon of quadriceps femoris" EXACT [FMA:44581]
synonym: "ligamentum patella" EXACT [FMA:44581]
synonym: "patellar tendon" RELATED []
xref: EMAPA:18509
xref: EMAPA:19139
xref: FMA:44581
xref: GAID:128
xref: galen:LigamentumPatellae
xref: MESH:A.02.513.514.475
xref: ncithesaurus:Patellar_Ligament
xref: SCTID:244639004
is_a: UBERON:0011088 ! ligament of knee joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001485 {source="FMA"} ! knee joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003677
name: tooth root
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "radix corona" EXACT [FMA:55624]
synonym: "root of tooth" EXACT [FMA:55624]
synonym: "tooth root" EXACT [FMA:55624]
xref: FMA:55624
xref: GAID:1280
xref: MESH:A.14.254.900.750
xref: SCTID:245728004
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003678
name: tooth apex
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "apex of tooth" EXACT [FMA:63000]
synonym: "apical foramen" RELATED [GAID:1281]
synonym: "tooth apex" EXACT [FMA:63000]
synonym: "tooth apice" RELATED [GAID:1281]
xref: FMA:63000
xref: GAID:1281
xref: MESH:A.14.254.900.750.700
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003680
name: posterior cruciate ligament of knee joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "posterior cruciate ligament" EXACT [FMA:44617]
xref: FMA:44617
xref: GAID:129
xref: galen:PosteriorCruciateLigament
xref: MESH:A.02.513.514.600
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Cruciate_Ligament
xref: SCTID:182445004
is_a: UBERON:0006659 ! cruciate ligament of knee

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003681
name: masticatory muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)" [MESH:A.02.633.567.600, Wikipedia:Muscles_of_mastication]
comment: Development notes: Masticatory muscles (MM) originate from the somitomeres. These muscles develop late and are not complete even at birth. Tongue muscles develop before masticatory muscles and complete by birth [http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology]
synonym: "jaw muscle" EXACT [XAO:0003269]
synonym: "muscle of mastication" EXACT []
synonym: "musculi masticatorii" RELATED [Wikipedia:Muscles_of_mastication]
synonym: "musculi masticatorii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Muscles_of_mastication]
xref: AAO:0000247
xref: FMA:74060
xref: GAID:145
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.600
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle_of_the_Mastication
xref: SCTID:244769003
xref: XAO:0003269
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
relationship: has_part UBERON:0001134 {source="MESH"} ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003682
name: palatal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The muscles of the palate are the glossopalatine, palatoglossus, levator palati(ni), musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and tensor palati(ni)." [MESH:A.02.633.567.750, Wikipedia:Muscles_of_soft_palate_and_fauces]
comment: Editor notes: consider extra class for fauces. AO notes: see also FMA:71438
synonym: "muscle of palate" EXACT [FMA:46726]
synonym: "musculi palati mollis et faucium" EXACT []
synonym: "musculi palati mollis et faucium" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Muscles_of_soft_palate_and_fauces]
synonym: "palatal muscle" EXACT [FMA:46726]
synonym: "palate muscle" EXACT [FMA:46726]
synonym: "palatine muscle" EXACT [FMA:46726]
xref: FMA:46726
xref: GAID:151
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.750
xref: ncithesaurus:Palatal_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244794002
xref: SCTID:73711005
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003685
name: cranial suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments (scant amount of collagenous dense connective tissue). Examples: sagittal suture, frontal suture." [FMA:71385, ISBN:3110148986, Wikipedia:Suture]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cranium suture" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "suture" EXACT [FMA:71385]
synonym: "suture joint of skull" EXACT [SCTID:244509003]
synonym: "suture of cranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7493
xref: GAID:211
xref: MA:0001475
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.200
xref: SCTID:244509003
is_a: UBERON:0009198 {source="GO"} ! craniofacial suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0002209 ! fibrous joint
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003686
name: tooth socket
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Dental alveolus (plural, alveoli) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament. The lay term for dental alveoli is tooth sockets. A joint that connect the roots of the teeth and the alveolus are called gomphosis (plural gomphoses). In mammals, tooth sockets are found in the maxilla and the mandible. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Dental_alveolus]
synonym: "alveolus dentali" RELATED [GAID:217]
synonym: "alveolus dentalis" RELATED [GAID:217]
synonym: "alveolus dentalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dental_alveolus]
synonym: "dental alveolus" EXACT [FMA:57490]
synonym: "dental alveolus" RELATED [GAID:217]
xref: FMA:57490
xref: GAID:217
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Alveole_zahn.jpg/200px-Alveole_zahn.jpg
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.125.800
xref: ncithesaurus:Tooth_Socket
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004103 {source="MESH-modified"} ! alveolar ridge

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003687
name: foramen magnum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In anatomy, in the occipital bone, the foramen magnum is one of the several oval or circular apertures in the base of the skull, through which the medulla oblongata (an extension of the spinal cord) enters and exits the skull vault. Apart from the transmission of the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the foramen magnum transmits the Spinal Accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Foramen_magnum]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: AAO:0010826
xref: FMA:75306
xref: GAID:228
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gray130.png/200px-Gray130.png
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.572.434
xref: ncithesaurus:Foramen_Magnum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwOm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:244679008
xref: TAO:0002045
xref: ZFA:0005387
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003689
name: sella turcica
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sella_turcica]
comment: Editor notes: for consistency with FMA we have a separate class for the cavity of the sella turcica
synonym: "suprasellar" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sella_turcica]
synonym: "Turkey Chair" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sella_turcica]
synonym: "turkish saddle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sella_turcica]
xref: FMA:54709
xref: GAID:231
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Gray145.png/200px-Gray145.png
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.802.662
xref: ncithesaurus:Sella_Turcica
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009639 {source="FMA"} ! body of sphenoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003690
name: sacrum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The sacrum is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part with the coccyx (tailbone). In children, it consists of usually five unfused vertebrae which begin to fuse between ages 16-18 and are usually completely fused into a single bone by age 26. It is curved upon itself and placed obliquely (that is, tilted forward). It is kyphotic Ń that is, concave facing forwards. The base projects forward as the sacral promontory internally, and articulates with the last lumbar vertebra to form the prominent sacrovertebral angle. The central part is curved outward towards the posterior, allowing greater room for the pelvic cavity. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Sacrum]
synonym: "os sacrum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sacrum]
synonym: "os sacrum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sacrum]
synonym: "os sacrum [vertebrae sacrales i - v]" EXACT [FMA:16202, FMA:TA]
synonym: "sacral bone" RELATED [FMA:16202]
synonym: "sacrum [sacral vertebrae i - v]" EXACT [FMA:16202]
synonym: "sacrum [sacral vertebrae I-V]" EXACT [FMA:16202]
xref: AAO:0000552
xref: EFO:0003071
xref: FMA:16202
xref: GAID:241
xref: galen:Sacrum
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gray95.png/200px-Gray95.png
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.834.717
xref: ncithesaurus:Sacrum
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvmBKnJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:264186006
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0001094
is_a: UBERON:0003828 ! abdominal segment bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 {source="FMA"} ! vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001270 {source="FMA"} ! bony pelvis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003692
name: acromioclavicular joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the CLAVICLE and the inner margin of the acromion process of the SCAPULA." [MESH:A.02.835.583.032, Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint]
synonym: "acromioclavicular articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint]
synonym: "articulatio acromioclavicularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint]
synonym: "scapuloclavicular articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Acromioclavicular_joint]
xref: FMA:25898
xref: GAID:249
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gray326.png/200px-Gray326.png
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.032
xref: ncithesaurus:Acromioclavicular_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwHhmSJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182166001
is_a: UBERON:0011108 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint of pectoral girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: connects UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: connects UBERON:0006849 ! scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003694
name: atlanto-axial joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Atlanto-axial joint is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas." [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "articulatio atlantoaxialis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "articulatio atlantoepistrophica" RELATED [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "atlanto axial joint" RELATED [GAID:250]
synonym: "atlantoaxial" RELATED [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "atlantoaxial joint" RELATED [GAID:250]
synonym: "lateral atlanto-axial joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
synonym: "median atlanto-axial joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Atlanto-axial_joint]
xref: FMA:25524
xref: GAID:250
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.097
xref: ncithesaurus:Atlanto-axial_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwUUIHpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:361832004
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra
relationship: connects UBERON:0001093 ! second cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003695
name: metacarpophalangeal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of a ginglymoid joint. Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of Rheumatoid Arthritis, as opposed to the distal interphalangeal joint in osteoarthritis. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Metacarpophalangeal_joint]
comment: we follow FMA in making these joints part of digits
synonym: "articulationes metacarpophalangeae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Metacarpophalangeal_joint]
synonym: "metacarpal joint" BROAD [FMA:35246]
synonym: "metacarpal phalangeal joint" RELATED [HP:0004294]
synonym: "metacarpo-phalangeal joint" EXACT [MA:0000453]
synonym: "MP joint" EXACT [FMA:35246]
xref: EMAPA:19302
xref: FMA:35246
xref: GAID:255
xref: galen:MetacarpoPhalangealJoint
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Gray337.png/200px-Gray337.png
xref: MA:0000453
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.345.512
xref: ncithesaurus:Metacarpophalangeal_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwNt8wJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:280995004
is_a: UBERON:0001489 ! joint of hand
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002234 ! proximal phalanx of finger
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0002234 ! proximal phalanx of finger
relationship: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003696
name: metatarsophalangeal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The metatarsophalangeal articulations are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones of the toes . They are condyloid joints meaning an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) come close to the shallow cavities (of the proximal phalanges). The ligaments are the plantar and two collateral." [Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations]
comment: Editor notes: we follow FMA in making these joints part of digits
synonym: "articulationes metatarsophalangeae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations]
synonym: "metatarsal joint" EXACT [FMA:35222]
synonym: "metatarsalphalangeal joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations]
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations]
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Metatarsophalangeal_articulations]
xref: FMA:35222
xref: GAID:258
xref: galen:MetatarsoPhalangealJoint
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.378.531
xref: ncithesaurus:Metatarsophalangeal_Joint
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwCtS0pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:239747005
is_a: UBERON:0001487 ! joint of foot
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003867 ! distal phalanx of toe
relationship: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0003867 ! distal phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003698
name: subtalar joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A joint of the foot that connects the talus and the calcaneus." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Subtalar_joint]
synonym: "articulatio subtalaris" EXACT [FMA:35198, FMA:TA]
synonym: "articulatio talocalcanea" EXACT [FMA:35198, FMA:TA]
synonym: "subtalar joint" EXACT [FMA:35198]
synonym: "talocalcaneal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subtalar_joint]
synonym: "talocalcaneal joint" RELATED [GAID:260]
xref: FMA:35198
xref: GAID:260
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831.780
xref: ncithesaurus:Subtalar_Joint
xref: SCTID:182213007
is_a: UBERON:0008447 {source="MESH"} ! intertarsal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001450 ! calcaneus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002395 ! talus
relationship: connects UBERON:0001450 ! calcaneus
relationship: connects UBERON:0002395 ! talus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003699
name: pubic symphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the firm fibrocartilaginous joint in the median plane between the two opposing surfaces of the pubic bones, which are united by an interpubic disc of fibrocartilage as well as the superior and arcuate pubic ligaments." [MP:0009575, Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
comment: In birds, the pubic symphysis is present only in the ostrich, and the two hip bones are usually widely separated, making it easier to lay large eggs - Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 188Đ192. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "interpubic articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
synonym: "symphisis pubis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
synonym: "symphysis pubica, symphysis pubis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
synonym: "symphysis pubis" EXACT [FMA:16950]
synonym: "symphysis pubis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pubic_symphysis]
xref: AAO:0000769
xref: FMA:16950
xref: GAID:267
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Gray321.png/200px-Gray321.png
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.656
xref: ncithesaurus:Pubic_Symphisis
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwGw9npwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:182200001
is_a: UBERON:0002216 {source="FMA"} ! symphysis
relationship: connects UBERON:0011090 ! skeleton of right pelvic girdle
relationship: connects UBERON:0011091 ! skeleton of left pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003700
name: temporomandibular joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A joint of the jaw. There are two TMJs, one on either side, working in unison. The name is derived from the two bones which form the joint: the upper temporal bone which is part of the cranium (skull), and the lower jaw bone called the mandible. The unique feature of the TMJs is the articular disc. The disc is composed of fibrocartilagenous tissue (like the firm and flexible elastic cartilage of the ear) which is positioned between the two bones that form the joint. The TMJs are one of the only synovial joints in the human body with an articular disc, another being the sternoclavicular joint. The disc divides each joint into two. The lower joint compartment formed by the mandible and the articular disc is involved in rotational movement -- this is the initial movement of the jaw when the mouth opens. The upper joint compartment formed by the articular disk and the temporal bone is involved in translational movement -- this is the secondary gliding motion of the jaw as it is opened widely. The part of the mandible which mates to the under-surface of the disc is the condyle and the part of the temporal bone which mates to the upper surface of the disk is the glenoid (or mandibular) fossa[WP]." [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "articulatio temporomandibularis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "articulatio temporomandibularis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "dentary-squamosal joint" RELATED [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryT.html]
synonym: "jaw joint" RELATED []
synonym: "squamosal-dentary joint" RELATED [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryT.html]
synonym: "tempero-mandibular joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temperomandibular joint" EXACT [HP:0010754]
synonym: "temporalmandibular joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temporomandibular" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temporomandibular articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "temporomandibular joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
synonym: "TMJ" EXACT [BTO:0003674, Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint]
xref: BTO:0003674
xref: EMAPA:19196
xref: FMA:54832
xref: GAID:272
xref: MA:0002899
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.861
xref: ncithesaurus:Jaw_Joint
xref: SCTID:181814009
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: connects UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011130 ! temporomandibular joint primordium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003701
name: achilles tendon
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Achilles tendon is a tendon of the posterior leg. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone." [Wikipedia:Achilles_tendon]
synonym: "achille's tendon" EXACT []
synonym: "calcaneal tendon" EXACT [FMA:51061]
synonym: "tendo calcaneus" EXACT [MA:0002993]
synonym: "tendo calcaneus, tendo Achillis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Achilles_tendon]
xref: FMA:51061
xref: GAID:277
xref: MA:0002993
xref: MESH:A.02.880.176
xref: ncithesaurus:Achilles_Tendon
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjNX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181705009
is_a: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
is_a: UBERON:0008846 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001665 {source="FMA"} ! triceps surae

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003720
name: anterior cranial fossa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The floor of the anterior fossa is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and by the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove. The lesser wings of the sphenoid separate the anterior and middle fossae." [Wikipedia:Anterior_cranial_fossa]
synonym: "anterior fossa" BROAD []
synonym: "fossa cranii anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_cranial_fossa]
xref: FMA:9682
xref: GAID:83
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gray193.png/200px-Gray193.png
xref: MESH:A.01.456.830.150
xref: ncithesaurus:Anterior_Fossa
is_a: UBERON:0008789 ! cranial fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003722
name: middle cranial fossa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lobes (TEMPORAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. Lying posterior and inferior to the anterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, ANTERIOR), it is formed by part of the TEMPORAL BONE and SPHENOID BONE. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) by crests formed by the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones[MESH]. The middle fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellC&; laterally by the temporal squamC&, sphenoidal angles of the parietals, and greater wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures[WP]." [MESH:A.01.456.830.165, Wikipedia:Middle_cranial_fossa]
synonym: "fossa cranii media" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_cranial_fossa]
synonym: "middle fossa" BROAD [Wikipedia:Middle_cranial_fossa]
xref: FMA:54369
xref: GAID:84
xref: MESH:A.01.456.830.165
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Fossa
is_a: UBERON:0008789 ! cranial fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003821
name: metacarpal/metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "cannon bone" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "metacarpal or metatarsal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal/metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodium bone" EXACT [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial, UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0000301
is_a: UBERON:0003606 ! limb long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! skeleton of autopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003826
name: upper leg bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000682
is_a: UBERON:0005893 ! leg bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003827
name: thoracic segment bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a thorax [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper body bone" RELATED [MA:0000559]
xref: MA:0000559
xref: SCTID:426649006
is_a: UBERON:0003463 ! trunk bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003828
name: abdominal segment bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000525
is_a: UBERON:0003463 ! trunk bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003829
name: urethra muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a urethra [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: AO notes: FMA class may not be equivalent
synonym: "muscle layer of urethra" RELATED [FMA:76909]
synonym: "muscle organ of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethral muscle layer" RELATED [MA:0002649]
xref: FMA:76909
xref: MA:0002649
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003830
name: thoracic segment muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of thorax" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thorax muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper body muscle" RELATED [MA:0000561]
xref: MA:0000561
is_a: UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003831
name: respiratory system muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001828
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003832
name: esophagus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a esophagus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - split muscle vs muscle layer? MA subdivides into skeletal/smooth, wth smooth divided into circular and longitudinal
synonym: "esophagus muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:62998
xref: MA:0002682
xref: SCTID:360961009
is_a: UBERON:0003830 ! thoracic segment muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003833
name: abdominal segment muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of an abdominal segment of trunk [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "abdominal segment of trunk muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of abdominal segment of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000527
is_a: UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003839
name: forelimb joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A limb joint that is part of a forelimb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anteriormost limb limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fore limb limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forelimb limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of anteriormost limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of fore limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of forelimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of superior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of upper extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "superior member limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper extremity limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:19204
xref: MA:0000614
is_a: UBERON:0003657 ! limb joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003840
name: hindlimb joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A limb joint that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of lower limb" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "limb joint of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000662
is_a: UBERON:0003657 ! limb joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003841
name: autopod joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A limb joint that is part of an autopod [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "autopod limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment joint of limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal free limb segment limb joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of limb of distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of autopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb joint of distal free limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "paw joint" RELATED [MA:0002715]
xref: MA:0002715
is_a: UBERON:0003657 ! limb joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003861
name: neural arch
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "posterior part of a vertebra that consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes, two transverse processes one spinous process[WP]. ZFA: A neural arch encloses the neural canal and typically meets its partner to form a neural spine. The neural arch can be a replacement ossification of the basidorsal cartilage or can form directly in membrane bone." [Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch]
comment: Taxon notes: tiny neural arches present in Hagfish (which lack a true vertebraal column).
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "arcus vertebra" EXACT [Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch]
synonym: "arcus vertebrae" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch]
synonym: "arcus vertebrae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vertebral_arch]
synonym: "arcus vertebrae (vertebralis)" EXACT [FMA:11946]
synonym: "dorsal arcocentrum" EXACT [ZFA:0001066]
synonym: "vertebra dorsal arch" RELATED [MA:0001453]
synonym: "vertebra neural arch" BROAD SENSU [MA:0001453]
xref: AAO:0000725
xref: EFO:0003618
xref: FMA:11946
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Gray82.png/200px-Gray82.png
xref: MA:0001453
xref: ncithesaurus:Arch_of_the_Vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwKYHvZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:317373001
xref: TAO:0001066
xref: ZFA:0001066
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0010358 ! arch of centrum of vertebra
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006063 ! cartilaginous neural arch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003862
name: foot digit 4 phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth toe phalanx" EXACT [FMA:32901]
synonym: "long bone of digit of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of fourth toe" EXACT [FMA:32901]
xref: EMAPA:19130
xref: FMA:32901
xref: MA:0001384
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_4_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:361804008
is_a: UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of toe
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010683 ! toe 4 phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003863
name: foot digit 5 phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit long bone of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 digit long bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 long bone of digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "little toe phalanx" EXACT [FMA:32902]
synonym: "long bone of digit of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of fifth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32902]
synonym: "phalanx of fifth toe" EXACT [FMA:32902]
synonym: "phalanx of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "phalanx of little toe" EXACT [FMA:32902]
xref: EMAPA:19132
xref: FMA:32902
xref: MA:0001385
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Digit_5_Phalanx
xref: SCTID:361806005
is_a: UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of toe
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010684 ! toe 5 phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003864
name: middle phalanx of finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a finger [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand middle phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001394]
synonym: "middle phalanx of hand" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75817
xref: MA:0001394
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Phalanx_of_the_Hand
xref: SCTID:113223004
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
is_a: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003865
name: distal phalanx of finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a finger [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of hand" EXACT []
synonym: "hand distal phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001388]
synonym: "terminal phalanx of hand" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "ungual phalanx of hand" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679]
xref: FMA:75818
xref: MA:0001388
xref: ncithesaurus:Distal_Phalanx_of_Hand
xref: SCTID:182001007
is_a: UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
is_a: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003866
name: middle phalanx of toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a toe [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot middle phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001386]
synonym: "middle phalanx of foot" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75829
xref: MA:0001386
xref: SCTID:83207005
is_a: UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of toe
is_a: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003867
name: distal phalanx of toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a toe [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot" EXACT []
synonym: "foot distal phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001380]
synonym: "terminal phalanx of foot" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "terminal phalanx of hindlimb" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "ungual phalanx of foot" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679]
synonym: "ungual phalanx of hindlimb" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679]
xref: FMA:75830
xref: MA:0001380
xref: ncithesaurus:Distal_Phalanx_of_Foot
xref: SCTID:361797001
is_a: UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of toe
is_a: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003868
name: proximal phalanx of toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a toe [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot proximal phalanx" EXACT [MA:0001387]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75828
xref: MA:0001387
xref: ncithesaurus:Proximal_Phalanx_of_Foot
xref: SCTID:85533000
is_a: UBERON:0001449 ! phalanx of toe
is_a: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003895
name: hypaxial myotome region
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Portion of myotome that is ventral to the horizontal septum" [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "body wall muscle" RELATED [XAO:0003228]
synonym: "hypaxial myotome region" EXACT [ZFA:0001085]
xref: TAO:0001085
xref: ZFA:0001085
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003896
name: muscle of body wall
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a body wall [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: TODO - check trunk vs wall of trunk. Check hypaxial myotome region
synonym: "body wall muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "body wall muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of body wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of Trunk wall" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of Wall of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Trunk wall muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "wall muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001863]
synonym: "Wall of trunk muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: ANISEED:1235296
xref: BTO:0001863
is_a: UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003897
name: axial muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A skeletal muscle of the trunk or head." []
xref: EHDAA2:0000159
xref: EHDAA:5982
xref: EMAPA:18166
xref: EMAPA:18167
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000160
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
union_of: UBERON:0003898 ! skeletal muscle of trunk
union_of: UBERON:0003899 ! skeletal muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003898
name: skeletal muscle of trunk
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A skeletal muscle of the trunk." []
synonym: "skeletal muscle of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of torso" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "torso skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: SCTID:244848007
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003899
name: skeletal muscle of head
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A skeletal muscle of the head." []
synonym: "adult head skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult head skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of adult head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of head" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: SCTID:244718003
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003900
name: epaxial myotome region
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Portion of myotome that is dorsal to the horizontal septum" [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "epaxial myotome regions" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001084]
xref: TAO:0001084
xref: ZFA:0001084
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003912
name: chitinous tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "tooth-like structure composed of chitin." []
is_a: UBERON:0003913 ! tooth-like structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003913
name: tooth-like structure
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food." [GOC:cjm]
comment: see dermal denticle
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "tooth-like organ" EXACT [GOC:cjm]
xref: HAO:0001019
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003932
name: chondrocranium cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A cartilage that is part of a chondrocranium [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of chondrocranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neurocranium cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001461]
xref: EFO:0003690
xref: TAO:0001461
xref: ZFA:0001461
is_a: UBERON:0003933 ! cranial cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003933
name: cranial cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A cartilage that is part of a cranium [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilage of cranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranium cartilage" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: TAO:0001458
xref: ZFA:0001458
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003954
name: squamo-parietal suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the articulation of the squamous portion of the temporal bones with the parietal bones" [MP:0003844]
synonym: "squamoparietal suture" EXACT []
synonym: "squamoparietal suture of skull" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:19228
is_a: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003955
name: molar crown
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the part of a molar that is covered by enamel" [MP:0003932]
synonym: "crown of molar tooth" EXACT [FMA:85301]
synonym: "molar tooth crown" EXACT [FMA:85301]
synonym: "molar tooth tooth crown" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tooth crown of molar tooth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:85301
is_a: UBERON:0003675 ! tooth crown
intersection_of: UBERON:0003675 ! tooth crown
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003958
name: long bone epiphyseal ossification zone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited" [MP:0006399]
is_a: UBERON:0000061 ! anatomical structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002516 ! epiphyseal plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003960
name: styloid process of temporal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "slender needle-like pointed projection that runs downward and slightly forward from the base of the inferior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone where it joins the tympanic portion; it gives attachment to the styloglossus, stylohyoid, and stylopharyngeus muscles and the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments" [MP:0008023, Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process]
comment: Disease notes: Eagle's syndrome
synonym: "processus styloideus ossis temporalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process]
synonym: "processus styloideus ossis temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process]
synonym: "styloid process" EXACT [FMA:52877]
synonym: "styloid process of petrous part of temporal bone" EXACT [FMA:52877]
synonym: "temporal styloid process" EXACT [Wikipedia:Temporal_styloid_process]
xref: FMA:52877
xref: SCTID:138874009
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004368 {source="MP-implied-by-def"} ! Reichert's cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003966
name: gonial bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "investing bone that lies on the surface of the malleus." [MP:0008380]
comment: Editors note: To be revisted after a review of auditory ossicles
synonym: "gonium" EXACT [MP:0008380]
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003457 ! head bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001689 ! malleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003971
name: interfrontal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a bone between the frontal bones in the skull; an extra bony plate within the anterior fontanelle that is not usually present" [MP:0008818]
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003973
name: nasal concha of ethmoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals" [MP:0008971]
comment: Note that FMA considers nasal concha and nasal concha of ethmoid bone to be synonymous. We disambiguate these here
synonym: "ethmo-turbinate" EXACT []
synonym: "ethmoturbinate" EXACT [MP:0008971]
synonym: "nasal turbinate of ethmoid bone" EXACT []
synonym: "turbinate of ethmoid bone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:57456
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0001762 ! nasal concha
intersection_of: UBERON:0001762 ! nasal concha
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001679 ! ethmoid
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006332 {source="ISBN10:1588903958"} ! nasal capsule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001679 ! ethmoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003995
name: subarcuate fossa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the irregular depression found on the posterior inner surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone just below its crest and above and lateral to the internal acoustic meatus[MP]. In the temporal bone, above and between the aquľductus vestibuli is an irregular depression which lodges a process of the dura mater and transmits a small vein and the subarcuate artery[1] a branch of the internal auditory artery, which is an end artery that supplies blood to the inner ear ; in the infant this depression is represented by a large fossa, the subarcuate fossa, which extends backward as a blind tunnel under the superior semicircular canal. It is extensive in most primates (except for great apes) and nearly all mammals. In these animals, the subarcuate fossa houses a part of the cerebellum, the petrosal lobe[WP]." [MP:0009822]
xref: FMA:56418
is_a: UBERON:0008789 ! cranial fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003996
name: arcus anterior
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0005209
def: "The anterior arch of the atlas forms about one-fifth of the ring of the atlas: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the Longus colli muscles; posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet (fovea dentis), for articulation with the odontoid process (dens) of the axis[WP]. The arch that connects the lateral masses of the atlas anteriorly and articulates with the anterior articular facet of the dens of the axis[MP]." [MP:0009879, Wikipedia:Anterior_arch_of_atlas]
synonym: "anterior arch of atlas" EXACT [MA:0002954]
synonym: "arcus anterior atlantis" EXACT [MA:0002954]
synonym: "arcus anterior atlantis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Anterior_arch_of_atlas]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 1 arcus anterior" EXACT [MA:0002954]
xref: FMA:23976
xref: MA:0002954
xref: SCTID:181891000
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003997
name: hyoid bone greater horn
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the larger and more lateral of the paired processes on either side of the hyoid bone" [MP:0009913]
comment: In humans, the greater cornua are the larger, more lateral projections from the left and right borders of the body of hyoid bone. They are in contrast to the lesser cornua, which also occur in pairs but are comparatively smaller and conical in shape. The greater cornua are derived from the third pharyngeal arches. [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
synonym: "cornu majus" EXACT [FMA:59496]
synonym: "cornu majus ossis hyoidei" EXACT [FMA:59496, FMA:TA]
synonym: "cornua majora" EXACT [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
synonym: "greater cornu" EXACT [FMA:59496]
synonym: "greater cornua" EXACT [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
synonym: "greater cornua" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "greater horn" EXACT [FMA:59496]
synonym: "greater horn of hyoid" EXACT [FMA:59496]
synonym: "greater horn of hyoid bone" EXACT [FMA:59496]
synonym: "greater horn of the hyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone]
synonym: "hyoid bone greater cornu" RELATED [MA:0002959]
synonym: "hyoid bone superior horn" RELATED [MA:0002959]
synonym: "hyoid bone upper horn" RELATED [MA:0002959]
synonym: "tyrohal" EXACT [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
synonym: "tyrohals" EXACT [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Greater_cornua]
xref: EMAPA:18651
xref: EMAPA:18841
xref: FMA:59496
xref: MA:0002959
xref: SCTID:369008008
is_a: UBERON:0010273 {source="FMA"} ! zone of hyoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003998
name: hyoid bone lesser horn
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "shorter and more medial of the paired processes on either side of the hyoid bone" [MP:0009914]
synonym: "cornu minus" EXACT [FMA:59499]
synonym: "cornu minus ossis hyoidei" EXACT [FMA:59499, FMA:TA]
synonym: "hyoid bone lesser cornu" RELATED [MA:0002960]
synonym: "hyoid bone lower horn" RELATED [MA:0002960]
synonym: "lesser cornu" EXACT [FMA:59499]
synonym: "lesser cornu of hyoid" EXACT []
synonym: "lesser cornua" EXACT [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Lesser_cornua]
synonym: "lesser horn" EXACT [FMA:59499]
synonym: "lesser horn of hyoid" EXACT [FMA:59499]
synonym: "lesser horn of hyoid bone" EXACT [FMA:59499]
xref: EMAPA:18652
xref: EMAPA:18842
xref: FMA:59499
xref: MA:0002960
xref: SCTID:369007003
is_a: UBERON:0010273 {source="FMA"} ! zone of hyoid bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004368 {source="MP-implied-by-def"} ! Reichert's cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0003999
name: hyoid bone body
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the main curve of the hyoid bone, from which the horns extend" [MP:0009917, Wikipedia:Body_of_hyoid_bone]
synonym: "base of hyoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002958]
synonym: "basihyal bone" RELATED [MA:0002958]
synonym: "basihyoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002958]
synonym: "body of hyoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002958]
synonym: "corpus ossis hyoidei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_hyoid_bone]
synonym: "hyoid bone base" RELATED [MA:0002958]
xref: EMAPA:18653
xref: EMAPA:18843
xref: FMA:59495
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Gray186.png/200px-Gray186.png
xref: MA:0002958
xref: SCTID:369006007
is_a: UBERON:0010273 {source="cjm"} ! zone of hyoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004012
name: golgi tendon organ
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the sensory organ in muscle that is involved in regulating muscle tension" [MP:0000999]
synonym: "neurotendinous ending" EXACT [FMA:83608]
synonym: "neurotendinous organ of golgi" EXACT [FMA:83608]
xref: FMA:83608
xref: ncithesaurus:Golgi_Tendon_Organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004057
name: skeletal muscle fiber triad
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the skeletal muscle fiber structure comprised of the transverse tubule and the two associated terminal cisternae; each fiber normally has thousands of triads" [MP:0009411]
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004096
name: odontoid process of cervical vertebra 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0005210
def: "The toothlike process on the upper surface of the axis, which articulates with the atlas above[GAID]." [GAID:238, HP:0003310, Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Dens_(anatomy)]
comment: TODO check AAO:0000721 odontoid_process -- Anterior process located between the atlantal cotyles that projects into the foramen magnum of the skull and bears facets that articulate with the lateral walls of the foramen
synonym: "axis dens" EXACT [FMA:24043]
synonym: "axis odontoid process" EXACT [MA:0002872]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 2 odontoid process" EXACT [MA:0002872]
synonym: "dens" EXACT [EMAPA:26535]
synonym: "dens of axis" EXACT [FMA:24043]
synonym: "odontoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Dens_(anatomy)]
synonym: "odontoid process" EXACT [FMA:24043]
synonym: "odontoid process of axis" EXACT [FMA:24043]
xref: AAO:0000721
xref: EMAPA:26535
xref: FMA:24043
xref: GAID:238
xref: MA:0002872
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.834.151.383.668
xref: ncithesaurus:Odontoid_Process
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rwIYGoJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:181899003
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001093 ! second cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004098
name: tibial plateaux
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [HP:0003832]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004099
name: joint space of elbow
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Joint cavity shared by all the joints of the elbow. The elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis. All three share a joint cavity which is highly sinuated/scalloped/coved. Joint spaces of the elbow summarizes the joint cavity shared by all three adjoining joints of the elbow joint." [HP:0003943]
synonym: "synovial cavity of elbow joint" EXACT [FMA:38911]
xref: FMA:38911
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001490 ! elbow joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004103
name: alveolar ridge
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]." [HP:0006477, Wikipedia:Alveolar_ridge]
comment: note that in BTO, this is part of an embryo
synonym: "alveolar body" EXACT [MP:0004189]
synonym: "alveolar bone" EXACT [MP:0004189]
synonym: "alveolar margin" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolar process" EXACT [GAID:215]
xref: BTO:0001383
xref: GAID:215
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.125
xref: ncithesaurus:Alveolar_Ridge
xref: SCTID:245790000
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001708 ! jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004106
name: crus of ear
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "horizontal piece of cartilage located outside the ear canal that divides the upper and lower parts of the ear." [HP:0009895]
synonym: "crus helicis" EXACT [FMA:61024, FMA:TA]
synonym: "crus of helical part of auricular cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "crus of helix" EXACT [FMA:61024]
xref: FMA:61024
xref: ncithesaurus:Crus_Helicis
xref: SCTID:362547004
is_a: UBERON:0001867 ! cartilage of external ear

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004108
name: clivus of occipital bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Part of the cranium, the clivus is a shallow depression behind the dorsum sellC& that slopes obliquely backward. It forms a gradual sloping process at the anterior most portion of the basilar occipital bone at its junction with the sphenoid bone. On axial planes, it sits just posterior to the sphenoid sinuses. Just lateral to the clivus bilaterally is the foramen lacerum which contains the internal carotid artery, proximal to its anastamosis with the Circle of Willis. Posterior to the clivus is the basilar artery. The clivus supports the upper part of the pons." [HP:0010558, Wikipedia:Clivus_%28anatomy%29]
comment: The clivus is an important landmark for checking for anatomical atlanto-occipital alignment; the clivus, when viewed on a lateral C-spine X-ray, forms a line which, if extended, is known as Wackenheim's clivus line. Wackenheim's clivus line should pass through the dens of the axis or be tangential to it. Editor note: check relationships.
synonym: "clivus" EXACT [HP:0010558]
synonym: "occipital bone clivus" EXACT [FMA:75747]
synonym: "Wackenheim's clivus line" RELATED [Wikipedia:Clivus_%28anatomy%29]
xref: FMA:75747
xref: ncithesaurus:Clivus
xref: SCTID:361736007
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001677 {source="Wikipedia"} ! sphenoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001676 {source="FMA"} ! occipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008788 {source="HP:0010558"} ! posterior cranial fossa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004109
name: cortex of humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [HP:0010629]
synonym: "compact bone of humerus" EXACT [FMA:31542]
synonym: "cortex of the humerus" EXACT []
synonym: "humerus compact bone" EXACT []
synonym: "humerus cortical bone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:31542
is_a: UBERON:0001439 ! compact bone
is_a: UBERON:0005808 ! bone tissue of long bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001439 ! compact bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004112
name: muscle of middle ear
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle of head that is part of a tympanic cavity [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: check tympanic cavity vs middle ear. the same for muscles?
synonym: "muscle of tympanic cavity" EXACT []
synonym: "tympanic cavity muscle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000256
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004113
name: muscle of auditory ossicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "auditory ossicles muscle" EXACT [FMA:49026]
synonym: "muscle of auditory ossicles" EXACT [FMA:49026]
synonym: "ossicular muscle" EXACT [FMA:49026]
xref: FMA:49026
xref: SCTID:244778009
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
intersection_of: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001686 ! auditory ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004123
name: myocardial layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "layer of myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "myocardium layer" EXACT []
xref: MA:0000080
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004124
name: myocardium trabecular layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA]." [ZFA:0005059]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "myocardial trabecular layer" EXACT []
synonym: "trabecular layer" EXACT [ZFA:0005059]
xref: EFO:0003706
xref: MA:0002866
xref: TAO:0005059
xref: ZFA:0005059
is_a: UBERON:0004123 ! myocardial layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004125
name: myocardial compact layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: " outer dense layer of the myocardium uniting the epicardium and myocardium[MP]." [MP:0004056]
synonym: "myocardium compact layer" EXACT [MA:0002865]
xref: MA:0002865
is_a: UBERON:0004123 ! myocardial layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004126
name: trabecular layer of ventricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: todo - check FMA
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "myocardium of region of ventricle" EXACT [FMA:83511]
synonym: "trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle" EXACT [GO:0003222]
synonym: "ventricular trabecular myocardium" EXACT [GO:0003222]
xref: FMA:83511
xref: TAO:0005060
xref: ZFA:0005060
is_a: UBERON:0004124 ! myocardium trabecular layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004127
name: compact layer of ventricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The outer layer the ventricular myocardium, muscle fibers are arranged in a compact form and involved the entire ventricle." [ZFA:0005062]
synonym: "compact cardiac ventricle muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "ventricle myocardium compact zone" EXACT [MP:0010556]
synonym: "ventricular compact myocardium" EXACT []
synonym: "ventricular myocardial compact layer" EXACT [MP:0010556]
synonym: "ventricular myocardial compact zone" EXACT [MP:0010556]
xref: TAO:0005062
xref: ZFA:0005062
is_a: UBERON:0004125 ! myocardial compact layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001083 {source="ZFA"} ! myocardium of ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004129
name: growth plate cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones as they elongate or grow." [GO:0003417]
synonym: "growth plate" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: surrounds UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004138
name: somitomeric trunk muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.[GO]." [GO:0002075]
comment: TODO - find N+S conditions. SMT & develops_from somite is not specific enough (all SMT develops_from somite)
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004146
name: His-Purkinje system
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles" [GO:0003164]
synonym: "distal conduction system" EXACT [ZFA:0005071]
synonym: "His-Purkinji network" EXACT [ZFA:0005071]
synonym: "HPS" EXACT [ZFA:0005071]
xref: TAO:0005071
xref: ZFA:0005071
is_a: UBERON:0002350 ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004147
name: cardiac Purkinje fiber
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The cardiac Purkinje fiber is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle" [GO:0003165]
synonym: "heart Purkinje fiber" RELATED [BTO:0001735]
xref: BTO:0001735
xref: MESH:A.07.541.409.683
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004146 ! His-Purkinje system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004162
name: pulmonary myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein" [GO:0003350]
is_a: UBERON:0002036 ! striated muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004164
name: branchiomeric skeletal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish[GO]." [GO:0014707]
comment: TODO - gill musculature
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004174
name: leg joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Joint in the leg. For example the knee, which separates the leg tibia and femur" [GO:0035111]
synonym: "joint of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "joint of lower limb" RELATED [OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0003840 ! hindlimb joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004178
name: aorta smooth muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an aorta [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "adult aorta smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "aorta involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "aorta non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "aorta smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "aortic smooth muscle" EXACT [BTO:0001685]
synonym: "dorsal aorta involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "dorsal aorta smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of adult aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of dorsal aorta" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of trunk of aortic tree" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trunk of aortic tree smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001685
xref: EFO:0002775
xref: MA:0000702
xref: ncithesaurus:Aorta_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002111 ! artery smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004219
name: urethra smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethral smooth muscle" RELATED [MA:0001691]
xref: MA:0001691
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004220
name: large intestine smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a large intestine [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "large intestine smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of large intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001547
is_a: UBERON:0004221 ! intestine smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004221
name: intestine smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bowel smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intestine smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000643
xref: MA:0001539
xref: ncithesaurus:Intestinal_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue
xref: WBbt:0005796
is_a: UBERON:0004226 ! gastrointestinal system smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004222
name: stomach smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a stomach [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastric muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001818]
synonym: "gastric smooth muscle" RELATED [MA:0001627]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of stomach" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of ventriculus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach muscle" RELATED [BTO:0001818]
synonym: "stomach non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stomach smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventriculus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001818
xref: MA:0001627
is_a: UBERON:0004226 ! gastrointestinal system smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004223
name: vagina smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of vagina" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vagina smooth muscle" RELATED [BTO:0004999]
synonym: "vagina smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0004999
xref: MA:0001733
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0006652 ! muscular layer of vagina

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004224
name: vas deferens smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vas deferens [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - check MA and FMA classes mean the same thing
synonym: "muscle layer of deferent duct" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "muscle layer of ductus deferens" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "muscle layer of vas deferens" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "muscular coat of ductus deferens" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "muscular layer of ductus deferens" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "muscularis of vas deferens" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (Ductus deferens)" EXACT [FMA:19239]
synonym: "tunica muscularis ductus deferentis" EXACT [FMA:19239, FMA:TA]
xref: EMAPA:29270
xref: FMA:19239
xref: MA:0001750
xref: SCTID:299705008
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004225
name: respiratory system smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "apparatus respiratorius smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001830
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004226
name: gastrointestinal system smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digestive system smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastrointestinal system involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastrointestinal system non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gastrointestinal system smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of digestive system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001523
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004227
name: kidney pelvis smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a renal pelvis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "kidney pelvis smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "pelvis of ureter smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "renal pelvis smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of kidney pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of pelvis of ureter" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of renal pelvis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:262022
xref: MA:0002631
is_a: UBERON:0005321 ! mesonephric smooth muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0009919 ! ureter smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004228
name: urinary bladder smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a urinary bladder [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0001849
xref: MA:0001697
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004229
name: urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trigone of urinary bladder [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "deep trigone smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of Lieutaud's trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud's trigone involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud's trigone non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Lieutaud's trigone smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of Lieutaud's trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of Lieutaud's trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of deep trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of Lieutaud's trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of trigone of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of trigone of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of vesical trigone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "trigone of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder trigone smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical trigone smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001700
is_a: UBERON:0004228 ! urinary bladder smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004230
name: urinary bladder neck smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a neck of urinary bladder [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bladder neck smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "neck of urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of neck of bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of neck of urinary bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of urinary bladder neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of vesical neck" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urinary bladder neck smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vesical neck smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001699
is_a: UBERON:0004228 ! urinary bladder smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004231
name: anal region smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001532
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004232
name: lymphatic vessel smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lymph vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lymphatic vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000751
xref: ncithesaurus:Lymphatic_Vessel_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004233
name: lower respiratory tract smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower respiratory tract involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower respiratory tract non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower respiratory tract smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lower respiratory tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002410
is_a: UBERON:0004225 ! respiratory system smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004234
name: iris smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iris involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iris non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iris smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of iris" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: BTO:0000655
xref: MA:0001270
is_a: UBERON:0001606 ! muscle of iris
is_a: UBERON:0003386 ! smooth muscle of eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004235
name: mammary gland smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lactiferous gland [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lactiferous gland smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of breast smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lobe of mammary gland smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mammary gland smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lactiferous gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lobe of breast" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lobe of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of mammary gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000795
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004236
name: arteriole smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arteriole [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000706
is_a: UBERON:0002111 ! artery smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004237
name: blood vessel smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0010508
def: "smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels." [Wikipedia:Vascular_smooth_muscle]
comment: Function notes: Vascular smooth muscle contracts or relaxes to both change the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure, a mechanism that is responsible for the redistribution of the blood within the body to areas where it is needed (i.e. areas with temporarily enhanced oxygen consumption). Thus the main function of vascular smooth muscle tonus is to regulate the caliber of the blood vessels in the body. Excessive vasoconstriction leads to hypertension, while excessive vasodilation as in shock leads to hypotension.
synonym: "blood vessel involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "blood vessel smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vascular smooth muscle" EXACT [ZFA:0005321]
synonym: "vascular smooth muscle tissue" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0001431
xref: MA:0000710
xref: MESH:A.02.633.570.491
xref: ncithesaurus:Vascular_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue
xref: TAO:0005321
xref: ZFA:0005321
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004238
name: spleen smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of spleen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of spleen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of spleen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of spleen" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spleen involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spleen non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "spleen smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000757
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004239
name: small intestine smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a small intestine [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small bowel smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "small intestine smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of small bowel" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of small intestine" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001559
is_a: UBERON:0004221 ! intestine smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004240
name: gall bladder smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "biliary smooth muscle" RELATED [MA:0001635]
synonym: "gall bladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gall bladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gallbladder smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of gall bladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of gallbladder" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001635
xref: ncithesaurus:Gallbladder_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004241
name: main bronchus smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a main bronchus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus principalis smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "main bronchus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "primary bronchus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "principal bronchus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bronchus principalis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of main bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of primary bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of principal bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001848
is_a: UBERON:0004242 ! bronchus smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004242
name: bronchus smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchi smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchial trunk smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bronchus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bronchi" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bronchial trunk" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of bronchus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001840
xref: ncithesaurus:Bronchus_Smooth_Muscle_Tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004233 ! lower respiratory tract smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004243
name: prostate gland smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscular tissue of prostate" EXACT [FMA:74245]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate gland involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate gland non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate gland smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of prostate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of prostate gland" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "substantia muscularis prostatae" EXACT [FMA:74245, FMA:TA]
xref: BTO:0003159
xref: FMA:74245
xref: MA:0001741
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0008715 ! muscle tissue of prostate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004245
name: oviduct smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a fallopian tube [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fallopian tube smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of fallopian tube" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001721
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004246
name: outflow tract smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000492
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004247
name: back bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a back [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "back bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of back" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000494
is_a: UBERON:0003463 ! trunk bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004248
name: foot digit bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a toe [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digit of foot" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digit of terminal segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digitus pedis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of foot digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of terminal segment of free lower limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of foot bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of foot bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free lower limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus pedis bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free lower limb digit bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "toe bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000646
is_a: UBERON:0005899 ! foot bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004249
name: hand digit bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a finger [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digit of terminal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of digitus manus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hand digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of terminal segment of free upper limb digit" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of hand bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of hand bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digit of terminal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "digitus manus bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "finger bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "terminal segment of free upper limb digit bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000622
is_a: UBERON:0005897 ! hand bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004250
name: upper arm bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm stylopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm stylopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of arm stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of brachial region stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of Proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of stylopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of stylopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of upper arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of arm stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of brachial region stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of Proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of stylopod of arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of stylopod of brachial region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of upper arm" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region stylopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "brachial region stylopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal segment of free upper limb stylopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of arm bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of brachial region bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of brachial region bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "stylopod of proximal segment of free upper limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "upper arm bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000604
is_a: UBERON:0003460 ! arm bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004251
name: lower leg bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a lower leg [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hind limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hind limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hindlimb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of hindlimb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of inferior member middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of inferior member zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of intermediate segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower extremity middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower extremity zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of lower leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of middle limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of zeugopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hind limb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hind limb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hindlimb middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of hindlimb zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of inferior member middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of inferior member zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of intermediate segment of free lower limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower extremity middle limb segment" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower extremity zeugopod" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of middle limb segment of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of hind limb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of hindlimb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of inferior member" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of leg" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of zeugopod of lower extremity" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hind limb zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hindlimb zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "inferior member zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free lower limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate segment of free lower limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity middle limb segment bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity middle limb segment bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity zeugopod bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower extremity zeugopod bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower leg bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hind limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hind limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hindlimb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of hindlimb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of inferior member bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of inferior member bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of lower extremity bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle limb segment of lower extremity bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hind limb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hind limb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hindlimb bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of hindlimb bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of inferior member bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of inferior member bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of leg bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of leg bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of lower extremity bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "zeugopod of lower extremity bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000676
is_a: UBERON:0005893 ! leg bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004252
name: hindlimb stylopod muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0000374
alt_id: UBERON:BTO_0001367-FMA_22470
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg)[Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of thigh" EXACT [FMA:22470]
synonym: "thigh muscle" EXACT [FMA:22470]
synonym: "upper leg muscle" EXACT [MA:0000684]
xref: BTO:0001367
xref: FMA:22470
xref: MA:0000684
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004253
name: skin muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle organ of skin" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skin muscle organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0002710
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004254
name: forelimb zeugopod muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a forelimb zeugopod (lower arm)[Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "forearm muscle" EXACT [FMA:37371]
synonym: "lower arm muscle" EXACT [MA:0000600]
synonym: "muscle of forearm" EXACT [FMA:37371]
xref: FMA:37371
xref: MA:0000600
xref: SCTID:181631004
is_a: UBERON:0001499 ! muscle of arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004255
name: forelimb stylopod muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a forelimb stylopod (upper arm)[Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of arm" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:37370]
synonym: "upper arm muscle" EXACT [MA:0000606]
xref: FMA:37370
xref: MA:0000606
xref: SCTID:244979005
is_a: UBERON:0001499 ! muscle of arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004256
name: hindlimb zeugopod muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod (lower leg) [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower leg muscle" EXACT [MA:0000678]
synonym: "muscle of leg" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:22471]
xref: FMA:22471
xref: MA:0000678
is_a: UBERON:0001383 ! muscle of leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004265
name: outflow tract myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A myocardium that is part of a outflow tract [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cardiac muscle of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart muscle of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "heart myocardium of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle of heart of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "myocardium of outflow tract" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract cardiac muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract heart muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract heart myocardium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "outflow tract muscle of heart" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0001358
xref: MA:0000489
xref: VHOG:0000603
is_a: UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004273
name: cartilaginous joint suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A cranial suture that is part of a cartilaginous joint [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea cranial suture" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea cranial sutures set" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea cranium suture" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "articulatio cartilaginea suture of cranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous joint cranial suture" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous joint cranial sutures" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous joint cranial sutures set" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous joint cranium suture" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cartilaginous joint suture of cranium" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial suture of articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial suture of cartilaginous joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial sutures of articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial sutures of cartilaginous joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial sutures set of articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranial sutures set of cartilaginous joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranium suture of articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cranium suture of cartilaginous joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "suture of cranium of articulatio cartilaginea" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "suture of cranium of cartilaginous joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001498
is_a: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002213 ! cartilaginous joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002213 ! cartilaginous joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004277
name: eye muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle that is part of the eye region." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0000156
xref: MA:0000271
xref: OpenCyc:Mx8Ngx4rwKSh9pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvYA8cJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
is_a: UBERON:0001577 ! muscle of face

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004288
name: skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "all the bones and/or cartilaginous elements in the body. Together with the articular system, this comprises the skeletal system." [FMA:23875, UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Skeleton]
comment: Note that the source FMA definition has been modified here to include cartilage skeletons. We may wish to introduce subclasses for bony/cartilage skeletons.
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "set of all bones" EXACT []
synonym: "set of bones of body" EXACT []
xref: AEO:0000168
xref: EFO:0000806
xref: EHDAA2:0001843
xref: EHDAA:5047
xref: EHDAA:8005
xref: EHDAA:8041
xref: FMA:23875
xref: GAID:177
xref: galen:Skeleton
xref: MA:0003006
xref: MAT:0000032
xref: MESH:A.02.835
xref: MIAA:0000032
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi1rpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:361378004
xref: VSAO:0000026
xref: XAO:0004053
is_a: UBERON:0000480 ! anatomical group
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004770 ! articular system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004296
name: respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001826
is_a: UBERON:0004225 ! respiratory system smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004232 ! lymphatic vessel smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004297
name: respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001806
is_a: UBERON:0004225 ! respiratory system smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004237 ! blood vessel smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004300
name: distal phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Terminal phalanx located at the tip of the digits." [Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges]
comment: Taxon notes: In human anatomy, the distal phalanges of the four fingers and toes articulate proximally with the intermediate phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP); in the thumb and big toe, with only two phalanges, the distal phalanges articulate proximally with the proximal phalanges. The distal phalanges carry and shape nails and claws and are therefore occasionally referred to as the ungual phalanges. The distal phalanges are cone-shaped in most mammals, including most primates, but relatively wide and flat in humans. AO notes:
synonym: "Phalanx distalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges]
synonym: "phalanx distalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges]
synonym: "terminal phalanx" EXACT [AAO:0010676]
synonym: "ungual phalanx" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=67679]
xref: AAO:0010676
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Scheme_human_hand_bones-en.svg/200px-Scheme_human_hand_bones-en.svg.png
xref: MA:0002914
xref: SCTID:299711006
is_a: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004301
name: middle phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A phalanx located between proximal and distal phalanges[CJM]. Intermediate phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones of the finger and toe which lie in the middle, between the two wrinkly joints. The thumb and big toe do not have intermediate phalanges. In most other vertebrates, they have a corresponding place in their limbs, whether they be paw, wing, hoof or fin[WP]." [Wikipedia:Intermediate_phalanges]
comment: Taxon notes: in some groups such as whales, there are multiple intermediate phalanges. Editors note: consider using numbering system, and axioms to the effect that there is a single middle phalanx per finger in humans
synonym: "intermediate phalanx" EXACT []
synonym: "medial phalanx" RELATED []
synonym: "penultimate phalanx" RELATED [AAO:0010677]
xref: AAO:0010677
xref: MA:0002915
xref: SCTID:299710007
is_a: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
relationship: distal_to UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
relationship: proximal_to UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004302
name: proximal phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Proximal-most phalanx within a digit[CJM]. Proximal phalanges are bones found in the limbs of most vertebrates. In humans, they are the bones at the base of a toe or finger, the prominent, knobby ends of which are often called the knuckles. In other vertebrates, proximal phalanges have a similar placement in the corresponding limbs, be they paw, wing or fin. In many species, they are the longest and thickest phalanx ('finger' bone)." [Wikipedia:Proximal_phalanges]
synonym: "proximal-most phalanx" EXACT [AAO:0010680]
xref: AAO:0010680
xref: MA:0002916
xref: SCTID:299708005
is_a: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004311
name: distal phalanx of hand digit 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd digit of hand distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 2nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 2nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:23946]
synonym: "distal phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23946]
synonym: "distal phalanx of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second distal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23946]
synonym: "second finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23946
xref: SCTID:361784003
is_a: UBERON:0003636 ! hand digit 2 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003865 ! distal phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004312
name: distal phalanx of hand digit 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd digit of hand distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 3rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 3rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:23947]
synonym: "distal phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23947]
synonym: "distal phalanx of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third distal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23947]
synonym: "third finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23947
xref: SCTID:361786001
is_a: UBERON:0003637 ! hand digit 3 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003865 ! distal phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004313
name: distal phalanx of hand digit 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th digit of hand distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 4th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 4th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23948]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:23948]
synonym: "fourth distal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23948]
synonym: "fourth finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23948
xref: SCTID:361788000
is_a: UBERON:0003638 ! hand digit 4 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003865 ! distal phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004314
name: distal phalanx of hand digit 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th digit of hand distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 5th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 5th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23949]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:23949]
synonym: "fifth distal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23949]
synonym: "fifth finger distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23949
xref: SCTID:361790004
is_a: UBERON:0003639 ! hand digit 5 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003865 ! distal phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004315
name: distal phalanx of foot digit 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of big toe" EXACT [FMA:32627]
synonym: "distal phalanx of first digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32627]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of great toe" EXACT [FMA:32627]
synonym: "distal phalanx of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first distal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32627]
synonym: "foot digit 1 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:32627
xref: SCTID:361799003
is_a: UBERON:0003640 ! foot digit 1 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003867 ! distal phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004316
name: distal phalanx of foot digit 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd toe distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 2nd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of second digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32628]
synonym: "distal phalanx of second toe" EXACT [FMA:32628]
synonym: "foot digit 2 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second distal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32628]
xref: FMA:32628
xref: SCTID:361801000
is_a: UBERON:0003641 ! foot digit 2 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003867 ! distal phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004317
name: distal phalanx of foot digit 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd toe distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 3rd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of third digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32629]
synonym: "distal phalanx of third toe" EXACT [FMA:32629]
synonym: "foot digit 3 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third distal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32629]
xref: FMA:32629
xref: SCTID:361803002
is_a: UBERON:0003642 ! foot digit 3 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003867 ! distal phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004318
name: distal phalanx of foot digit 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th toe distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 4th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fourth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32630]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fourth toe" EXACT [FMA:32630]
synonym: "foot digit 4 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth distal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32630]
xref: FMA:32630
xref: SCTID:361805009
is_a: UBERON:0003862 ! foot digit 4 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003867 ! distal phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004319
name: distal phalanx of foot digit 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th toe distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of 5th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fifth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32631]
synonym: "distal phalanx of fifth toe" EXACT [FMA:32631]
synonym: "distal phalanx of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal phalanx of little toe" EXACT [FMA:32631]
synonym: "fifth distal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32631]
synonym: "foot digit 5 distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:32631
xref: SCTID:10770001
is_a: UBERON:0003863 ! foot digit 5 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003867 ! distal phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004320
name: middle phalanx of hand digit 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd digit of hand intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd digit of hand middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 2nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 2nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of hand digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 2nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 2nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:23933]
synonym: "middle phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23933]
synonym: "middle phalanx of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second middle phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23933]
xref: FMA:23933
xref: SCTID:263407002
is_a: UBERON:0003636 ! hand digit 2 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003864 ! middle phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004321
name: middle phalanx of hand digit 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd digit of hand intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd digit of hand middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 3rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 3rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of hand digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 3rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 3rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23934]
synonym: "middle phalanx of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third middle phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23934]
xref: FMA:23934
xref: SCTID:263408007
is_a: UBERON:0003637 ! hand digit 3 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003864 ! middle phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004322
name: middle phalanx of hand digit 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th digit of hand intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th digit of hand middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth middle phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23935]
synonym: "hand digit 4 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 4 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 4th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 4th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of hand digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 4th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 4th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23935]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23935
xref: SCTID:263409004
is_a: UBERON:0003638 ! hand digit 4 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003864 ! middle phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004323
name: middle phalanx of hand digit 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th digit of hand intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th digit of hand middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth middle phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23936]
synonym: "hand digit 5 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 5 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 5th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 5th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of hand digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 5th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 5th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23936]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of little finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23936
xref: SCTID:263410009
is_a: UBERON:0003639 ! hand digit 5 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003864 ! middle phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004324
name: middle phalanx of foot digit 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd toe intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd toe middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 2nd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 2nd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of second digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32623]
synonym: "middle phalanx of second toe" EXACT [FMA:32623]
synonym: "second middle phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32623]
xref: FMA:32623
xref: SCTID:182152006
is_a: UBERON:0003641 ! foot digit 2 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003866 ! middle phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004325
name: middle phalanx of foot digit 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd toe intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd toe middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 3rd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 3rd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of third digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32624]
synonym: "middle phalanx of third toe" EXACT [FMA:32624]
synonym: "third middle phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32624]
xref: FMA:32624
xref: SCTID:182154007
is_a: UBERON:0003642 ! foot digit 3 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003866 ! middle phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004326
name: middle phalanx of foot digit 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th toe intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th toe middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth middle phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32625]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 4th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 4th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fourth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32625]
synonym: "middle phalanx of fourth toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:32625
xref: SCTID:182156009
is_a: UBERON:0003862 ! foot digit 4 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003866 ! middle phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004327
name: middle phalanx of foot digit 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A middle phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th toe intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th toe middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 intermediate phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 5 middle phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of 5th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "intermediate phalanx of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of 5th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "middle phalanx of little toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:230984
xref: SCTID:182158005
is_a: UBERON:0003863 ! foot digit 5 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003866 ! middle phalanx of toe

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004328
name: proximal phalanx of hand digit 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd digit of hand proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 2 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 2nd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 2nd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:23919]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23919]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of second finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "second proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23919]
xref: FMA:23919
xref: SCTID:263403003
is_a: UBERON:0002234 ! proximal phalanx of finger
is_a: UBERON:0003636 ! hand digit 2 phalanx
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003646 ! metacarpal bone of digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004329
name: proximal phalanx of hand digit 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd digit of hand proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand digit 3 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 3rd digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 3rd finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:23920]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23920]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of third finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "third proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23920]
xref: FMA:23920
xref: SCTID:263404009
is_a: UBERON:0002234 ! proximal phalanx of finger
is_a: UBERON:0003637 ! hand digit 3 phalanx
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003647 ! metacarpal bone of digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004330
name: proximal phalanx of hand digit 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th digit of hand proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23921]
synonym: "hand digit 4 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 4th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 4th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23921]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:23921]
xref: FMA:23921
xref: SCTID:263405005
is_a: UBERON:0002234 ! proximal phalanx of finger
is_a: UBERON:0003638 ! hand digit 4 phalanx
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003648 ! metacarpal bone of digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004331
name: proximal phalanx of hand digit 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th digit of hand proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth finger proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23922]
synonym: "hand digit 5 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 5th digit of hand" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 5th finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23922]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:23922]
xref: FMA:23922
xref: SCTID:263406006
is_a: UBERON:0002234 ! proximal phalanx of finger
is_a: UBERON:0003639 ! hand digit 5 phalanx
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003649 ! metacarpal bone of digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004332
name: proximal phalanx of foot digit 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 1 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hallux proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of big toe" EXACT [FMA:43252]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit 1" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of great toe" EXACT [FMA:43252]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of hallux" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:43252
xref: SCTID:182150003
is_a: UBERON:0003640 ! foot digit 1 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003868 ! proximal phalanx of toe
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003650 ! metatarsal bone of digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004333
name: proximal phalanx of foot digit 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "2nd toe proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 2 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 2nd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit 2" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of second digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32618]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of second toe" EXACT [FMA:32618]
synonym: "second proximal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32618]
xref: FMA:32618
xref: SCTID:182151004
is_a: UBERON:0003641 ! foot digit 2 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003868 ! proximal phalanx of toe
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003651 ! metatarsal bone of digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004334
name: proximal phalanx of foot digit 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "3rd toe proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 3 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 3rd toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit 3" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of third digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32619]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of third toe" EXACT [FMA:32619]
synonym: "third proximal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32619]
xref: FMA:32619
xref: SCTID:182153001
is_a: UBERON:0003642 ! foot digit 3 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003868 ! proximal phalanx of toe
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004335
name: proximal phalanx of foot digit 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "4th toe proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot digit 4 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth proximal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32620]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 4th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit 4" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fourth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32620]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fourth toe" EXACT [FMA:32620]
xref: FMA:32620
xref: SCTID:182155008
is_a: UBERON:0003862 ! foot digit 4 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003868 ! proximal phalanx of toe
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003653 ! metatarsal bone of digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004336
name: proximal phalanx of foot digit 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a foot digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "5th toe proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth proximal phalanx of foot" EXACT [FMA:32621]
synonym: "foot digit 5 proximal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of 5th toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fifth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:32621]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of fifth toe" EXACT [FMA:32621]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of foot digit 5" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of little toe" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:32621
xref: SCTID:182157000
is_a: UBERON:0003863 ! foot digit 5 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003868 ! proximal phalanx of toe
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003654 ! metatarsal bone of digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004337
name: distal phalanx of hand digit 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: Taxon notes: The human pollical distal phalanx (PDP) has a pronounced insertion for the flexor pollicis longus (asymmetric towards the radial side), an ungual fossa, and a pair of dissymmetric ungual spines (the ulnar being more prominent). This asymmetry is necessary to ensure that the thumb pulp is always facing the pulps of the other digits, an osteological configuration which provides the maximum contact surface with held objects.[WP]
synonym: "distal phalanx of first digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23945]
synonym: "distal phalanx of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first distal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23945]
synonym: "PDP" EXACT [Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges#Thumb]
synonym: "pollical distal phalanx" EXACT [Wikipedia:Distal_phalanges#Thumb]
synonym: "thumb distal phalanx" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23945
xref: SCTID:182007006
is_a: UBERON:0003620 ! hand digit 1 phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0003865 ! distal phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004338
name: proximal phalanx of hand digit 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first proximal phalanx of hand" EXACT [FMA:23918]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of first digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:23918]
synonym: "proximal phalanx of thumb" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "thumb proximal" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:23918
xref: SCTID:181992006
is_a: UBERON:0002234 ! proximal phalanx of finger
is_a: UBERON:0003620 ! hand digit 1 phalanx
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004339
name: calvarium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the upper domelike portion of the skull[MP]. the upper part of the cranium and surrounds the cranial cavity containing the brain. It is formed from frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones." [MP:0000076, Wikipedia:Calvaria_(skull)]
comment: calvaria part_of neurocranium in FMA, but no definition. MP class now merged. Gray's Anatomy's list includes the Ethmoid and Sphenoid bone in the Calvaria. Some books state that calvaria consists of just the frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, and occipital bone. Note vault may not be precisely equivalent to calvaria
synonym: "calva" EXACT [FMA:52800]
synonym: "calvaria" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0005606]
synonym: "skullcap" RELATED [ZFA:0005606]
synonym: "vault of skull" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002167]
xref: EHDAA2:0002167
xref: EHDAA:9538
xref: EMAPA:18016
xref: FMA:52800
xref: ncithesaurus:Skullcap
xref: SCTID:140592008
xref: VHOG:0000331
xref: ZFA:0005606
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004361
name: stylohyoid ligament
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the fibrous cord that connects the tip of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone" [MP:0009918, Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_ligament]
synonym: "ligamentum stylohyoideum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_ligament]
synonym: "ligamentum stylohyoideus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_ligament]
synonym: "stylo-hyoid ligament" EXACT [MA:0002957]
xref: FMA:72308
xref: MA:0002957
xref: SCTID:66275001
is_a: UBERON:0008846 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal ligament
relationship: connects UBERON:0003960 {source="Wikipedia"} ! styloid process of temporal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0003998 {source="Wikipedia"} ! hyoid bone lesser horn
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004368 {source="MP-implied-by-def"} ! Reichert's cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004368
name: Reichert's cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a continuous cartilaginous formation in mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch in the embryo. The longer cranial or styloid segment is continuous with the otic capsule; its inferior end is angulated and is situated very close to the oropharynx. The smaller caudal segment is in contact with the body and greater horn of the hyoid cartilaginous structure" [doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00524.x, MP:0004916]
comment: AO notes: in EHDAA2 this also develops from 3rd arch Mes from NC. Development notes: Classically defined as: a structure... develop the stapes, the styloid processes, the stylohyoid ligaments, and the lesser cornua of the hyoid bone; its proximal end gives rise to the stylohyoid ligament. Relationship to stapes disputed.
synonym: "hyaloid cartilage" EXACT [MP:0004916]
synonym: "hyoid cartilage" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000793]
synonym: "Reichert cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "second branchial arch cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "second pharyngeal arch cartilage" EXACT [MP:0004916]
xref: EHDAA2:0000793
xref: EMAPA:17622
is_a: UBERON:0003406 ! cartilage of respiratory system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004375
name: bone of appendage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of an appendage [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "appendage bone" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004376
name: fin bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a fin [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone of fin" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004377
name: distal metaphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "distal diaphyseal end of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32824]
xref: FMA:32824
is_a: UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
intersection_of: in_distal_side_of UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
relationship: in_distal_side_of UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004378
name: proximal metaphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "proximal diaphyseal end of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32823]
xref: FMA:32823
is_a: UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
intersection_of: in_proximal_side_of UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
relationship: in_proximal_side_of UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004379
name: distal epiphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "distal end of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32822]
xref: FMA:32822
xref: SCTID:279999006
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0004377 ! distal metaphysis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004377 ! distal metaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004380
name: proximal epiphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "proximal end of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32821]
xref: FMA:32821
xref: SCTID:279998003
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: adjacent_to UBERON:0004378 ! proximal metaphysis
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0004378 ! proximal metaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004381
name: skeleton of limb
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in an individual limb." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Note that EHDAA2 considers hip and shoulder joints part of limb skeleton
synonym: "limb skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002221]
synonym: "set of bones of limb" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0002221
is_a: UBERON:0010712 ! limb skeleton subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 {source="cjm"} ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004382
name: epiphysis of humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "humeral epiphysis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:32825
xref: SCTID:313054009
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004383
name: epiphysis of tibia
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "tibial epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33112]
xref: FMA:33112
xref: SCTID:314626006
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004384
name: epiphysis of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a femur [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "femoral epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:32838]
xref: FMA:32838
xref: SCTID:314625005
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004385
name: epiphysis of radius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a radius [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "radial epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33770]
xref: FMA:33770
xref: SCTID:313055005
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004386
name: epiphysis of ulna
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a ulna [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ulnar epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33748]
xref: FMA:33748
xref: SCTID:313056006
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004387
name: epiphysis of phalanx of finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of finger [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:240707
xref: SCTID:314620000
is_a: UBERON:0004446 ! epiphysis of phalanx
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004388
name: epiphysis of fibula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fibula epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33726]
xref: FMA:33726
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001446 ! fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004389
name: epiphysis of metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epiphysis of metatarsal" EXACT []
synonym: "metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33814]
synonym: "metatarsal epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:33814
xref: SCTID:313057002
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004390
name: epiphysis of metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epiphysis of metacarpal" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33792]
synonym: "metacarpal epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:33792
xref: SCTID:314907001
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004391
name: epiphysis of first metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33793]
synonym: "metacarpal 1 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:33793
is_a: UBERON:0004390 ! epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004392
name: epiphysis of second metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal 2 epiphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "second metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33794]
xref: FMA:33794
is_a: UBERON:0004390 ! epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003646 ! metacarpal bone of digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003646 ! metacarpal bone of digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004393
name: epiphysis of third metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metacarpal 3 epiphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "third metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86328]
xref: FMA:86328
is_a: UBERON:0004390 ! epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003647 ! metacarpal bone of digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003647 ! metacarpal bone of digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004394
name: epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86329]
synonym: "metacarpal 4 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86329
is_a: UBERON:0004390 ! epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003648 ! metacarpal bone of digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003648 ! metacarpal bone of digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004395
name: epiphysis of first metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "first metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33815]
synonym: "metatarsal 1 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:33815
is_a: UBERON:0004389 ! epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003650 ! metatarsal bone of digit 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003650 ! metatarsal bone of digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004396
name: epiphysis of second metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal 2 epiphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "second metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:33816]
xref: FMA:33816
is_a: UBERON:0004389 ! epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003651 ! metatarsal bone of digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003651 ! metatarsal bone of digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004397
name: epiphysis of third metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "metatarsal 3 epiphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "third metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86313]
xref: FMA:86313
is_a: UBERON:0004389 ! epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004398
name: epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fourth metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86314]
synonym: "metatarsal 4 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86314
is_a: UBERON:0004389 ! epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003653 ! metatarsal bone of digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003653 ! metatarsal bone of digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004399
name: epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "fifth metatarsal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86315]
synonym: "metatarsal 5 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86315
is_a: UBERON:0004389 ! epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003654 ! metatarsal bone of digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003654 ! metatarsal bone of digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004400
name: bone tissue of epiphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of bone tissue that is part of a epiphysis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:241364
is_a: UBERON:0005808 ! bone tissue of long bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004401
name: bone tissue of distal epiphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of bone tissue that is part of a distal epiphysis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:241374
is_a: UBERON:0004400 ! bone tissue of epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004402
name: bone tissue of proximal epiphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of bone tissue that is part of a proximal epiphysis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:241372
is_a: UBERON:0004400 ! bone tissue of epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004403
name: periosteum of epiphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A periosteum that is part of a epiphysis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epiphysis periosteum" EXACT [FMA:32687]
xref: FMA:32687
is_a: UBERON:0002515 ! periosteum
intersection_of: UBERON:0002515 ! periosteum
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004404
name: distal epiphysis of humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal end of humerus" EXACT [FMA:32826]
synonym: "lower end of humerus" EXACT [FMA:32826]
xref: FMA:32826
xref: SCTID:310655007
is_a: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004382 ! epiphysis of humerus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004405
name: distal epiphysis of tibia
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a tibia [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal end of tibia" EXACT [FMA:33116]
synonym: "lower end of tibia" EXACT [FMA:33116]
xref: FMA:33116
xref: SCTID:302527001
is_a: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004383 ! epiphysis of tibia
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004406
name: distal epiphysis of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal femoral epiphysis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "distal head of femur" RELATED [AAO:0000893]
xref: AAO:0000893
xref: FMA:32844
xref: SCTID:280016000
is_a: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004384 ! epiphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004407
name: distal epiphysis of radius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal end of radius" EXACT [FMA:33776]
synonym: "lower end of radius" EXACT [FMA:33776]
xref: FMA:33776
xref: SCTID:280013008
is_a: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004385 ! epiphysis of radius
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004408
name: distal epiphysis of ulna
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a ulna [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal end of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33754]
synonym: "lower end of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33754]
xref: FMA:33754
xref: SCTID:302521000
is_a: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004386 ! epiphysis of ulna
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004409
name: distal epiphysis of phalanx of finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of finger [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:226577
xref: SCTID:280046002
is_a: UBERON:0004387 ! epiphysis of phalanx of finger
is_a: UBERON:0004448 ! distal epiphysis of phalanx
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004410
name: distal epiphysis of fibula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "distal end of fibula" EXACT [FMA:33732]
synonym: "lower end of fibula" EXACT [FMA:33732]
xref: FMA:33732
xref: SCTID:129111008
is_a: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004388 ! epiphysis of fibula
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001446 ! fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004411
name: proximal epiphysis of humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The upper extremity of the humerus (proximal humerus) consists of a large rounded head joined to the body by a constricted portion called the neck, and two eminences, the greater and lesser tubercles." [Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus]
synonym: "head of the humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus]
synonym: "humeral head" RELATED [Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus]
synonym: "proximal end of humerus" EXACT [FMA:23362]
synonym: "proximal humeral epiphysis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "proximal humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Upper_extremity_of_humerus]
synonym: "upper end of humerus" EXACT [FMA:23362]
xref: FMA:23362
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Humerus
xref: SCTID:280028008
is_a: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004382 ! epiphysis of humerus
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004412
name: proximal epiphysis of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a femur [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal femoral epiphysis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:32841
xref: SCTID:244702009
is_a: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004384 ! epiphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004413
name: proximal epiphysis of radius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a radius [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "proximal end of radius" EXACT [FMA:39780]
synonym: "proximal radial epiphysis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "upper end of radius" EXACT [FMA:39780]
xref: FMA:39780
xref: SCTID:280029000
is_a: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004385 ! epiphysis of radius
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004414
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of finger [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of finger" EXACT [FMA:226482]
synonym: "base of phalanx of finger" EXACT [FMA:226482]
synonym: "basis phalangis manus" EXACT [FMA:226482, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:226482
xref: SCTID:272704004
is_a: UBERON:0004387 ! epiphysis of phalanx of finger
is_a: UBERON:0004447 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004415
name: proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:33817]
synonym: "basis ossis metatarsi" EXACT [FMA:33817, FMA:TA]
synonym: "proximal end of metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:33817]
synonym: "upper end of metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:33817]
xref: FMA:33817
xref: SCTID:119545008
is_a: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004389 ! epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004416
name: proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:33795]
synonym: "basis ossis metacarpi" EXACT [FMA:33795, FMA:TA]
synonym: "metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:33795]
synonym: "proximal end of metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:33795]
synonym: "upper end of metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:33795]
xref: FMA:33795
xref: SCTID:272695001
is_a: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004390 ! epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004417
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 1 phalanx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb" EXACT [FMA:37489]
synonym: "base of phalanx of first digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37489]
synonym: "base of phalanx of thumb" EXACT [FMA:37489]
xref: FMA:37489
xref: SCTID:272700008
is_a: UBERON:0004414 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003620 ! hand digit 1 phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003620 ! hand digit 1 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004418
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 2 phalanx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37498]
synonym: "base of phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37498]
synonym: "base of phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37498]
synonym: "base of phalanx of second finger" EXACT [FMA:37498]
xref: FMA:37498
xref: SCTID:368307004
is_a: UBERON:0004414 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003636 ! hand digit 2 phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003636 ! hand digit 2 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004419
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 3 phalanx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37510]
synonym: "base of phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37510]
synonym: "base of phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37510]
synonym: "base of phalanx of third finger" EXACT [FMA:37510]
xref: FMA:37510
xref: SCTID:181997000
is_a: UBERON:0004414 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003637 ! hand digit 3 phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003637 ! hand digit 3 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004420
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 4 phalanx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37522]
synonym: "base of phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37522]
synonym: "base of phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37522]
synonym: "base of phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37522]
xref: FMA:37522
xref: SCTID:368337008
is_a: UBERON:0004414 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003638 ! hand digit 4 phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003638 ! hand digit 4 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004421
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a hand digit 5 phalanx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37534]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37534]
synonym: "base of phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37534]
synonym: "base of phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37534]
synonym: "base of phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37534]
xref: FMA:37534
xref: SCTID:368351008
is_a: UBERON:0004414 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003639 ! hand digit 5 phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003639 ! hand digit 5 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004422
name: proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of first metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42788]
synonym: "first metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:42788]
xref: FMA:42788
xref: SCTID:181978000
is_a: UBERON:0004391 ! epiphysis of first metacarpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0004416 ! proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004423
name: proximal epiphysis of second metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of second metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42791]
synonym: "proximal end of second metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42791]
synonym: "second metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:42791]
xref: FMA:42791
xref: SCTID:263461004
is_a: UBERON:0004392 ! epiphysis of second metacarpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0004416 ! proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003646 ! metacarpal bone of digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003646 ! metacarpal bone of digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004424
name: proximal epiphysis of third metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of third metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42794]
synonym: "proximal end of third metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42794]
synonym: "third metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:42794]
xref: FMA:42794
xref: SCTID:263465008
is_a: UBERON:0004393 ! epiphysis of third metacarpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0004416 ! proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003647 ! metacarpal bone of digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003647 ! metacarpal bone of digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004425
name: proximal epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of fourth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42797]
synonym: "fourth metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:42797]
synonym: "proximal end of fourth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42797]
xref: FMA:42797
xref: SCTID:263469002
is_a: UBERON:0004394 ! epiphysis of fourth metacarpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0004416 ! proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003648 ! metacarpal bone of digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003648 ! metacarpal bone of digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004426
name: proximal epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone of digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of fifth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42800]
synonym: "fifth metacarpal bone base" EXACT [FMA:42800]
synonym: "proximal end of fifth metacarpal bone" EXACT [FMA:42800]
xref: FMA:42800
xref: SCTID:263473004
is_a: UBERON:0004416 ! proximal epiphysis of metacarpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0011104 ! epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003649 ! metacarpal bone of digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003649 ! metacarpal bone of digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004427
name: proximal epiphysis of first metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of first metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42963]
synonym: "proximal end of first metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42963]
xref: FMA:42963
xref: SCTID:182124002
is_a: UBERON:0004395 ! epiphysis of first metatarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0004415 ! proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003650 ! metatarsal bone of digit 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003650 ! metatarsal bone of digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004428
name: proximal epiphysis of second metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of second metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42964]
synonym: "proximal end of second metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42964]
xref: FMA:42964
xref: SCTID:182130002
is_a: UBERON:0004396 ! epiphysis of second metatarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0004415 ! proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003651 ! metatarsal bone of digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003651 ! metatarsal bone of digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004429
name: proximal epiphysis of third metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of third metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42965]
synonym: "proximal end of third metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42965]
xref: FMA:42965
xref: SCTID:182135007
is_a: UBERON:0004397 ! epiphysis of third metatarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0004415 ! proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003652 ! metatarsal bone of digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004430
name: proximal epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of fourth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42966]
synonym: "proximal end of fourth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42966]
xref: FMA:42966
xref: SCTID:182140004
is_a: UBERON:0004398 ! epiphysis of fourth metatarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0004415 ! proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003653 ! metatarsal bone of digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003653 ! metatarsal bone of digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004431
name: proximal epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone of digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of fifth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42967]
synonym: "proximal end of fifth metatarsal bone" EXACT [FMA:42967]
xref: FMA:42967
xref: SCTID:182145009
is_a: UBERON:0004399 ! epiphysis of fifth metatarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0004415 ! proximal epiphysis of metatarsal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003654 ! metatarsal bone of digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003654 ! metatarsal bone of digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004432
name: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of index finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37505]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37505]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37505]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of second finger" EXACT [FMA:37505]
xref: FMA:37505
xref: SCTID:263445001
is_a: UBERON:0004418 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004311 ! distal phalanx of hand digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004311 ! distal phalanx of hand digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004433
name: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of middle finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37517]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37517]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of third finger" EXACT [FMA:37517]
xref: FMA:37517
xref: SCTID:263446000
is_a: UBERON:0004419 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004312 ! distal phalanx of hand digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004312 ! distal phalanx of hand digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004434
name: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of ring finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37529]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37529]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37529]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37529]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37529]
xref: FMA:37529
xref: SCTID:263447009
is_a: UBERON:0004420 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004313 ! distal phalanx of hand digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004313 ! distal phalanx of hand digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004435
name: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37541]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of distal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37541]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37541]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37541]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37541]
xref: FMA:37541
xref: SCTID:263448004
is_a: UBERON:0004421 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004314 ! distal phalanx of hand digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004314 ! distal phalanx of hand digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004436
name: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of index finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37502]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37502]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37502]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of second finger" EXACT [FMA:37502]
xref: FMA:37502
xref: SCTID:263428006
is_a: UBERON:0004418 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004320 ! middle phalanx of hand digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004320 ! middle phalanx of hand digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004437
name: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of middle finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37514]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37514]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37514]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of third finger" EXACT [FMA:37514]
xref: FMA:37514
xref: SCTID:263429003
is_a: UBERON:0004419 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004321 ! middle phalanx of hand digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004321 ! middle phalanx of hand digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004438
name: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of ring finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37526]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37526]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37526]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37526]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37526]
xref: FMA:37526
xref: SCTID:263430008
is_a: UBERON:0004420 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004322 ! middle phalanx of hand digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004322 ! middle phalanx of hand digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004439
name: proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a middle phalanx of hand digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37538]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of middle phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37538]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37538]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37538]
synonym: "base of middle phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37538]
xref: FMA:37538
xref: SCTID:263431007
is_a: UBERON:0004421 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004323 ! middle phalanx of hand digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004323 ! middle phalanx of hand digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004440
name: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of index finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 2 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of index finger" EXACT [FMA:37499]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37499]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of second finger" EXACT [FMA:37499]
xref: FMA:37499
xref: SCTID:263412001
is_a: UBERON:0004418 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of index finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004328 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 2
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004328 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004441
name: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of middle finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 3 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37511]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of middle finger" EXACT [FMA:37511]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37511]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of third finger" EXACT [FMA:37511]
xref: FMA:37511
xref: SCTID:263413006
is_a: UBERON:0004419 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of middle finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004329 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 3
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004329 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004442
name: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of ring finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 4 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37523]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37523]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37523]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:37523]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of ring finger" EXACT [FMA:37523]
xref: FMA:37523
xref: SCTID:263414000
is_a: UBERON:0004420 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of ring finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004330 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 4
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004330 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004443
name: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 5 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37535]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:37535]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:37535]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of little finger" EXACT [FMA:37535]
xref: FMA:37535
xref: SCTID:263415004
is_a: UBERON:0004421 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of little finger
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004331 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004331 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004444
name: proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of thumb
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx of hand digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "base of distal phalanx of thumb" EXACT [FMA:37493]
xref: FMA:37493
xref: SCTID:182008001
is_a: UBERON:0004417 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004337 ! distal phalanx of hand digit 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004337 ! distal phalanx of hand digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004445
name: proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of hand digit 1 [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "basal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb" EXACT [FMA:37490]
synonym: "base of proximal phalanx of thumb" EXACT [FMA:37490]
xref: FMA:37490
xref: SCTID:181993001
is_a: UBERON:0004417 ! proximal epiphysis of phalanx of thumb
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004338 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 1
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004338 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004446
name: epiphysis of phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: SCTID:280033007
is_a: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004447
name: proximal epiphysis of phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004446 ! epiphysis of phalanx
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004448
name: distal epiphysis of phalanx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004446 ! epiphysis of phalanx
intersection_of: UBERON:0004379 ! distal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004451
name: presacral vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0002869
xref: XAO:0003077
is_a: UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004461
name: musculature of head
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a head [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "head musculature" EXACT [FMA:71287]
synonym: "muscle group of head" EXACT [FMA:71287]
synonym: "muscles of head" EXACT [FMA:71287]
synonym: "musculi capitis" EXACT [FMA:71287, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:71287
is_a: UBERON:0008229 ! craniocervical region musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004462
name: musculature of body wall
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a body wall [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: We exclide WBbt:0005813 - body wall musculature - as the class body wall does not apply to nematodes
synonym: "body wall musculature" EXACT [FMA:86931]
xref: FMA:86931
is_a: UBERON:0004479 ! musculature of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004463
name: musculature of hindlimb stylopod
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of thigh" EXACT [FMA:50208]
synonym: "musculature of thigh" EXACT [FMA:50208]
synonym: "set of muscles of thigh" EXACT [FMA:50208]
synonym: "thigh musculature" EXACT [FMA:50208]
xref: FMA:50208
is_a: UBERON:0004466 ! musculature of leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004464
name: musculature of thorax
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a thorax [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: note BTO and FMA do not mean precisely the same thing here
synonym: "muscle group of thorax" EXACT [FMA:71293]
synonym: "muscles of thorax" EXACT [FMA:71293]
synonym: "musculi thoracis" EXACT [FMA:71293, FMA:TA]
synonym: "thoracic musculature" EXACT [FMA:71293]
xref: BTO:0000508
xref: FMA:71293
is_a: UBERON:0004479 ! musculature of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004465
name: musculature of neck
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a neck [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cervical muscles" EXACT [AAO:0000091]
synonym: "muscle group of neck" EXACT [FMA:71290]
synonym: "muscles of neck" EXACT [FMA:71290]
synonym: "musculi cervicis" EXACT [FMA:71290, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculi colli" EXACT [FMA:71290, FMA:TA]
synonym: "neck musculature" EXACT [FMA:71290]
xref: AAO:0000091
xref: FMA:71290
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.650
is_a: UBERON:0008229 ! craniocervical region musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004466
name: musculature of leg
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0005632
def: "A musculature that is part of a lower leg or upper leg [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: see notes on UBERON:0000978 for possible confusion over the term 'leg'. This class represents the class-union of upper leg musculature and lower leg musculature (and thus may not mean precisely the same thing as the EHDAA2 class)
synonym: "leg muscle system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000973]
xref: EHDAA2:0000973
is_a: UBERON:0004482 ! musculature of lower limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004467
name: musculature of pharynx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a pharynx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: FMA:264609
xref: TAO:0001307
xref: ZFA:0001307
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004468
name: set of muscles of vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a vertebral column [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of vertebral column" EXACT [FMA:33061]
xref: FMA:33061
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004469
name: musculature of back
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a back [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of back" EXACT [FMA:71291]
synonym: "muscles of back" EXACT [FMA:71291]
synonym: "musculi dorsi" EXACT [FMA:71291, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:71291
is_a: UBERON:0004479 ! musculature of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004470
name: musculature of pelvic girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0005633
def: "A musculature that is part of a pelvic girdle [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of pelvic girdle" EXACT [FMA:50205]
synonym: "pelvic girdle muscle system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001429]
synonym: "pelvic girdle muscles" EXACT [AAO:0000427]
synonym: "pelvic girdle musculature" EXACT [FMA:50205]
xref: AAO:0000427
xref: EHDAA2:0001429
xref: FMA:50205
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004471
name: musculature of pectoral girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "muscle group of pectoral girdle" EXACT [FMA:33519]
synonym: "pectoral girdle muscles" EXACT [AAO:0000423]
synonym: "pectoral girdle musculature" EXACT [FMA:33519]
xref: AAO:0000423
xref: FMA:33519
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004472
name: musculature of chest
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a chest [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "chest musculature" EXACT [FMA:74779]
xref: FMA:74779
is_a: UBERON:0004464 ! musculature of thorax

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004473
name: musculature of face
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: originally created to reflect the distinction drawn in FMA between a facial muscle and the entire musculature of the face. However, naming both does not serve any particular purpose
synonym: "entire facial musculature" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "facial muscles" EXACT [FMA:71288]
synonym: "muscle group of face" EXACT [FMA:71288]
synonym: "musculi faciei" EXACT [FMA:71288, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:71288
is_a: UBERON:0004461 ! musculature of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004474
name: musculature of arm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of an arm [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "arm musculature" EXACT [FMA:50202]
synonym: "muscle group of arm" EXACT [FMA:50202]
xref: FMA:50202
is_a: UBERON:0004481 ! musculature of upper limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004475
name: musculature of hip
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a hip [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hip musculature" EXACT [FMA:50227]
synonym: "muscle group of hip" EXACT [FMA:50227]
xref: FMA:50227
is_a: UBERON:0004470 ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004476
name: musculature of shoulder
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a shoulder [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of shoulder" EXACT [FMA:50220]
xref: FMA:50220
is_a: UBERON:0004471 ! musculature of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004477
name: Set of muscles of tongue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a tongue [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of tongue" EXACT [FMA:71289]
synonym: "muscles of tongue" EXACT [FMA:71289]
synonym: "musculi linguae" EXACT [FMA:71289, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:71289
is_a: UBERON:0004461 ! musculature of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004478
name: musculature of larynx
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a larynx [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "laryngeal muscles" EXACT [FMA:46616]
synonym: "laryngeal muscles set" EXACT [FMA:46616]
synonym: "muscle group of larynx" EXACT [FMA:46616]
xref: FMA:264611
xref: FMA:46616
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.500
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004479
name: musculature of trunk
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a trunk [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of trunk" EXACT [FMA:50187]
xref: EFO:0003531
xref: FMA:50187
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004480
name: musculature of limb
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0005635
def: "A musculature that is part of a limb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "limb muscle system" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000995]
synonym: "limb musculature" EXACT [FMA:50188]
synonym: "muscle group of limb" EXACT [FMA:50188]
xref: EHDAA2:0000995
xref: FMA:50188
is_a: UBERON:0007271 ! limb/fin musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004481
name: musculature of upper limb
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a forelimb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscles of upper limb" EXACT [FMA:71296]
synonym: "musculi membri superioris" EXACT [FMA:71296, FMA:TA]
synonym: "upper limb musculature" EXACT [FMA:71296]
xref: FMA:71296
is_a: UBERON:0004480 ! musculature of limb
is_a: UBERON:0007269 ! pectoral appendage musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004482
name: musculature of lower limb
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a hindlimb [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscles of lower limb" EXACT [FMA:71297]
synonym: "musculi membri inferioris" EXACT [FMA:71297, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:71297
is_a: UBERON:0004480 ! musculature of limb
is_a: UBERON:0007270 ! pelvic appendage musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004483
name: Set of iliocostalis muscles
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a iliocostalis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "iliocostalis muscle group" EXACT [FMA:33062]
synonym: "iliocostalis muscles set" EXACT [FMA:33062]
xref: FMA:33062
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002251 ! iliocostalis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002251 ! iliocostalis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004484
name: Set of splenius muscles
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a splenius [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "splenius muscle group" EXACT [FMA:22596]
synonym: "splenius muscles set" EXACT [FMA:22596]
xref: FMA:22596
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002252 ! splenius
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002252 ! splenius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004485
name: Set of muscles of pelvis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a pelvis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of pelvis" EXACT [FMA:50248]
xref: FMA:50248
is_a: UBERON:0004479 ! musculature of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004486
name: musculature of perineum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a perineum [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "musculi perinei" EXACT [FMA:71295, FMA:TA]
synonym: "perineal muscles" EXACT [FMA:71295]
synonym: "perineal muscles set" EXACT [FMA:71295]
xref: EMAPA:18923
xref: FMA:71295
is_a: UBERON:0004479 ! musculature of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004487
name: musculature of forearm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a lower arm [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle group of forearm" EXACT [FMA:39089]
xref: FMA:39089
is_a: UBERON:0004474 ! musculature of arm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004488
name: musculature of foot
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a foot [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "foot musculature" EXACT [FMA:50214]
synonym: "muscle group of foot" EXACT [FMA:50214]
xref: FMA:50214
is_a: UBERON:0004482 ! musculature of lower limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004489
name: musculature of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A musculature that is part of a hand [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hand musculature" EXACT [FMA:42368]
synonym: "muscle group of hand" EXACT [FMA:42368]
xref: FMA:42368
is_a: UBERON:0004481 ! musculature of upper limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004490
name: cardiac muscle tissue of atrium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an atrium [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:7283
is_a: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004491
name: cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:84083
is_a: UBERON:0004492 ! cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004492
name: cardiac muscle tissue of cardiac septum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:226279
is_a: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004493
name: cardiac muscle tissue of myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a myocardium [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261726
is_a: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004494
name: cardiac muscle tissue of papillary muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a papillary muscle [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:84425
is_a: UBERON:0001133 ! cardiac muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004495
name: skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a diaphragm [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261898
is_a: UBERON:0003898 ! skeletal muscle of trunk
is_a: UBERON:0004830 ! respiratory system skeletal muscle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004496
name: skeletal muscle tissue of iliacus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a iliacus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261992
is_a: UBERON:0003271 ! skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001369 ! iliacus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001369 ! iliacus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004497
name: skeletal muscle tissue of gluteus maximus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a gluteus maximus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261980
is_a: UBERON:0003271 ! skeletal muscle of pelvic girdle
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001370 ! gluteus maximus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001370 ! gluteus maximus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004498
name: skeletal muscle tissue of quadriceps femoris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a quadriceps femoris [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261998
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001377 ! quadriceps femoris
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001377 ! quadriceps femoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004499
name: skeletal muscle tissue of tibialis anterior
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a tibialis anterior [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:262004
is_a: UBERON:0003270 ! skeletal muscle of leg
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001385 ! tibialis anterior
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001385 ! tibialis anterior

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004500
name: skeletal muscle tissue of deltoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261732
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001476 ! deltoid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001476 ! deltoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004501
name: skeletal muscle tissue of teres major
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a teres major [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261962
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001478 ! teres major muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001478 ! teres major muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004502
name: skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a biceps brachii [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261974
is_a: UBERON:0003272 ! skeletal muscle of arm
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001507 ! biceps brachii
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001507 ! biceps brachii

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004503
name: skeletal muscle tissue of digastric
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a digastric [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261872
is_a: UBERON:0003384 ! skeletal muscle of pharynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001562 ! digastric
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001562 ! digastric

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004504
name: skeletal muscle tissue of mylohyoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a mylohyoid [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261878
is_a: UBERON:0003384 ! skeletal muscle of pharynx
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001564 ! mylohyoid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001564 ! mylohyoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004505
name: skeletal muscle tissue of orbicularis oculi
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a orbicularis oculi [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261812
is_a: UBERON:0003269 ! skeletal muscle of eye
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001578 ! orbicularis oculi
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001578 ! orbicularis oculi

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004506
name: skeletal muscle tissue of masseter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a masseter [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261824
is_a: UBERON:0003899 ! skeletal muscle of head
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004507
name: skeletal muscle tissue of temporalis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a temporalis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261740
is_a: UBERON:0003899 ! skeletal muscle of head
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001598 ! temporalis muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001598 ! temporalis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004508
name: skeletal muscle tissue of levator palpebrae superioris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a levator palpebrae superioris [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261782
is_a: UBERON:0003269 ! skeletal muscle of eye
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001604 ! levator palpebrae superioris
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001604 ! levator palpebrae superioris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004509
name: skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261938
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002380 ! trapezius
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002380 ! trapezius

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004510
name: skeletal muscle tissue of pectoralis major
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a pectoralis major [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261968
is_a: UBERON:0003898 ! skeletal muscle of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002381 ! pectoralis major
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002381 ! pectoralis major

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004511
name: skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a rectus abdominis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261924
is_a: UBERON:0003898 ! skeletal muscle of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002382 ! rectus abdominis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002382 ! rectus abdominis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004512
name: skeletal muscle tissue of supraspinatus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a supraspinatus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261956
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002383 ! supraspinatus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002383 ! supraspinatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004513
name: skeletal muscle tissue of internal intercostal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a internal intercostal muscle [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261888
is_a: UBERON:0003898 ! skeletal muscle of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002403 ! internal intercostal muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002403 ! internal intercostal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004514
name: skeletal muscle tissue of transversus thoracis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a transversus thoracis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261892
is_a: UBERON:0003898 ! skeletal muscle of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002404 ! transversus thoracis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002404 ! transversus thoracis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004515
name: smooth muscle tissue of bronchiole
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of lobular bronchiole" EXACT [FMA:261081]
xref: FMA:261045
xref: FMA:261081
is_a: UBERON:0004233 ! lower respiratory tract smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004516
name: smooth muscle tissue of terminal bronchiole
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261051
is_a: UBERON:0004515 ! smooth muscle tissue of bronchiole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004517
name: smooth muscle tissue of respiratory bronchiole
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:261055
is_a: UBERON:0004515 ! smooth muscle tissue of bronchiole

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004518
name: muscle of vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a vertebral column [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "vertebral column muscle" EXACT [FMA:22594]
xref: FMA:22594
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004519
name: muscle of anal triangle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of an anal region [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle muscle" EXACT [FMA:77304]
xref: FMA:77304
is_a: UBERON:0002379 ! perineal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004520
name: striated muscle tissue of prostate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of striated muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:45716
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0008715 ! muscle tissue of prostate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004521
name: vasculature of muscle organ
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscular organ vasculature" EXACT [FMA:87123]
xref: FMA:87123
is_a: UBERON:0004522 ! vasculature of musculoskeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004522
name: vasculature of musculoskeletal system
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:239607
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002204 ! musculoskeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004525
name: cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of right ventricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right ventricle [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:84429
is_a: UBERON:0003381 ! cardiac muscle of right ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0003452 ! trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004526
name: cardiac muscle tissue of trabecula carnea of left ventricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left ventricle [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:84430
is_a: UBERON:0003382 ! cardiac muscle of left ventricle
is_a: UBERON:0003452 ! trabecula carnea cardiac muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004527
name: alveolar process of maxilla
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0001696
def: "thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on bones that bear teeth. In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxilla and the mandible. The mineral content of alveolar bone is mostly hydroxyapatite, which is also found in enamel as the main inorganic substance[WP]." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_process]
synonym: "alveolar margin of maxilla" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolar part of maxilla" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolar ridge of maxilla" EXACT []
synonym: "lower alveolar ridge" EXACT []
synonym: "maxilla alveolar process" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior alveolar ridge" EXACT []
synonym: "processus alveolaris (maxilla)" EXACT []
xref: FMA:52897
xref: MA:0001492
xref: SCTID:245795005
is_a: UBERON:0004103 ! alveolar ridge
intersection_of: UBERON:0004103 ! alveolar ridge
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004528
name: alveolar ridge of mandible
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The alveolar part of mandible is the part of the mandible, adjacent to the teeth, containing the dental alveolus. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_part_of_mandible]
synonym: "alveolar margin of mandible" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolar part of mandible" EXACT []
synonym: "alveolar process of mandible" EXACT [FMA:52832]
synonym: "anterior alveolar ridge" EXACT []
synonym: "pars alveolaris (mandibula)" EXACT [FMA:52832]
synonym: "pars alveolaris mandibulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Alveolar_part_of_mandible]
synonym: "upper alveolar ridge" EXACT []
xref: FMA:52832
xref: SCTID:245791001
is_a: UBERON:0004103 ! alveolar ridge
intersection_of: UBERON:0004103 ! alveolar ridge
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004530
name: bony projection
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Portion of connective tissue that is an extension of a bone." []
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "bone process" BROAD []
synonym: "process" BROAD [VSAO:0000180]
synonym: "projection of bone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75433
xref: TAO:0001834
xref: VSAO:0000180
xref: ZFA:0001637
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004546
name: cribriform plate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (horizontal lamina) is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities. Projecting upward from the middle line of this plate is a thick, smooth, triangular process, the crista galli, so called from its resemblance to a cock's comb. The long thin posterior border of the crista galli serves for the attachment of the falx cerebri. Its anterior border, short and thick, articulates with the frontal bone, and presents two small projecting alľ, which are received into corresponding depressions in the frontal bone and complete the foramen cecum. Its sides are smooth, and sometimes bulging from the presence of a small air sinus in the interior. On either side of the crista galli, the cribriform plate is narrow and deeply grooved; it supports the olfactory bulb and is perforated by foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves. The foramina in the middle of the groove are small and transmit the nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity; those at the medial and lateral parts of the groove are largerŃthe former transmit the nerves to the upper part of the nasal septum, the latter those to the superior nasal concha. At the front part of the cribriform plate, on either side of the crista galli, is a small fissure which is occupied by a process of dura mater. Lateral to this fissure is a notch or foramen which transmits the nasociliary nerve; from this notch a groove extends backward to the anterior ethmoidal foramen. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Cribriform_plate]
synonym: "cribiform plate of ethmoid bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cribriform_plate]
synonym: "ethmoid bone lamina cribrosa" RELATED [BTO:0004141]
synonym: "lamina cribrosa of ethmoid bone" RELATED [BTO:0004141]
synonym: "lamina cribrosa ossis ethmoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cribriform_plate]
xref: BTO:0004141
xref: EMAPA:19201
xref: FMA:52890
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gray149.png/200px-Gray149.png
xref: MA:0002898
xref: SCTID:282814006
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001679 {source="MA"} ! ethmoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004550
name: gastroesophageal sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A sphincter muscle that is part of a cardia of stomach [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
comment: todo - split? check FMA:63048
synonym: "cardiac sphincter" RELATED [MA:0002951]
synonym: "gastroesophageal sphincter" EXACT [FMA:14915]
synonym: "inferior esophageal sphincter" EXACT [FMA:14915]
synonym: "lower esophageal sphincter" RELATED [MA:0002951]
xref: FMA:14915
xref: galen:LowerEsophagealSphincter
xref: MA:0002951
xref: ncithesaurus:Lower_Esophageal_Sphincter
xref: SCTID:267809009
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004590
name: sphincter muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning." [Wikipedia:Sphincter]
comment: FMA class is not a subtype of muscle
synonym: "circular muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "sphincter" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75004
xref: ncithesaurus:Sphincter
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004601
name: rib 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The first rib is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs; it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. The head is small, rounded, and possesses only a single articular facet, for articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebra. The neck is narrow and rounded. The tubercle, thick and prominent, is placed on the outer border. There is no angle, but at the tubercle the rib is slightly bent, with the convexity upward, so that the head of the bone is directed downward. The upper surface of the body is marked by two shallow grooves, separated from each other by a slight ridge prolonged internally into a tubercle, the scalene tubercle, for the attachment of the Scalenus anterior; the anterior groove transmits the subclavian vein, the posterior the subclavian artery and the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus. Behind the posterior groove is a rough area for the attachment of the Scalenus medius. The under surface is smooth, and destitute of a costal groove. The outer border is convex, thick, and rounded, and at its posterior part gives attachment to the first digitation of the Serratus anterior. The inner border is concave, thin, and sharp, and marked about its center by the scalene tubercle. The anterior extremity is larger and thicker than that of any of the other ribs. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:First_rib]
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "costa prima" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:First_rib]
synonym: "Costa prima (I)" EXACT [FMA:7597]
synonym: "first rib" EXACT [FMA:7597]
xref: FMA:7597
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Gray124.png/200px-Gray124.png
xref: MA:0001401
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_1
xref: SCTID:182016005
property_value: "rib_number" "1" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004602
name: rib 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. The non-articular portion of the tubercle is occasionally only feebly marked. The angle is slight, and situated close to the tubercle. The body is not twisted, so that both ends touch any plane surface upon which it may be laid; but there is a bend, with its convexity upward, similar to, though smaller than that found in the first rib. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex, and looks upward and a little outward; near the middle of it is a rough eminence for the origin of the lower part of the first and the whole of the second digitation of the Serratus anterior; behind and above this is attached the Scalenus posterior. The internal surface, smooth, and concave, is directed downward and a little inward: on its posterior part there is a short costal groove. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Second_rib]
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "costa secunda" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Second_rib]
synonym: "Costa secunda (II)" EXACT [FMA:7620]
synonym: "second rib" EXACT [FMA:7620]
xref: FMA:7620
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Gray125.png/200px-Gray125.png
xref: MA:0001402
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_2
xref: SCTID:244656007
property_value: "rib_number" "2" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004603
name: rib 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "third rib" EXACT [FMA:7638]
xref: FMA:7638
xref: MA:0001403
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_3
xref: SCTID:244658008
property_value: "rib_number" "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004604
name: rib 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fourth rib" EXACT [FMA:7749]
xref: FMA:7749
xref: MA:0001404
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_4
xref: SCTID:244659000
property_value: "rib_number" "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004605
name: rib 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fifth rib" EXACT [FMA:7776]
xref: FMA:7776
xref: MA:0001405
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_5
xref: SCTID:244660005
property_value: "rib_number" "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004606
name: rib 6
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "sixth rib" EXACT [FMA:8147]
xref: FMA:8147
xref: MA:0001406
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_6
xref: SCTID:244661009
property_value: "rib_number" "6" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004607
name: rib 7
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "seventh rib" EXACT [FMA:7830]
xref: FMA:7830
xref: MA:0001407
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_7
xref: SCTID:244662002
property_value: "rib_number" "7" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004608
name: rib 9
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "ninth rib" EXACT [FMA:8337]
xref: FMA:8337
xref: MA:0001409
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_9
xref: SCTID:244664001
property_value: "rib_number" "9" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002238 ! false rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004609
name: rib 10
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The tenth rib has only a single articular facet on its head. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Tenth_rib]
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "tenth rib" EXACT [FMA:8418]
xref: FMA:8418
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gray126.png/200px-Gray126.png
xref: MA:0001410
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_10
xref: SCTID:244665000
property_value: "rib_number" "10" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002238 ! false rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004610
name: rib 11
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The eleventh rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The eleventh has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Eleventh_rib]
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "eleventh rib" EXACT [FMA:8499]
xref: FMA:8499
xref: MA:0001411
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_11
xref: SCTID:244666004
property_value: "rib_number" "11" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002239 ! floating rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004611
name: rib 12
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In humans: The twelfth rib has a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. It has no necks or tubercles, and is pointed at its anterior ends. The twelfth has angle nor costal groove; it is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward. Sometimes the twelfth rib is even shorter than the first rib. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Twelfth_rib]
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "twelfth rib" EXACT [FMA:8515]
xref: FMA:8515
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray128.png/200px-Gray128.png
xref: MA:0001412
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_12
xref: SCTID:244667008
property_value: "rib_number" "12" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002239 ! floating rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004612
name: mammalian cervical vertebra 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C3 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12521]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 3" EXACT [MA:0001423]
synonym: "third cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12521]
xref: EMAPA:19433
xref: FMA:12521
xref: MA:0001423
xref: ncithesaurus:C3_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181823007
property_value: "vertebra_number" "3" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0001093 {source="FMA"} ! second cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004613
name: mammalian cervical vertebra 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C4 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12522]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 4" EXACT [MA:0001424]
synonym: "fourth cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12522]
xref: EMAPA:19434
xref: FMA:12522
xref: MA:0001424
xref: ncithesaurus:C4_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181824001
property_value: "vertebra_number" "4" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004612 {source="FMA"} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004614
name: mammalian cervical vertebra 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C5 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12523]
synonym: "fifth cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12523]
xref: EMAPA:19435
xref: FMA:12523
xref: MA:0001425
xref: ncithesaurus:C5_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181825000
property_value: "vertebra_number" "5" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004613 {source="FMA"} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004615
name: mammalian cervical vertebra 6
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C6 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12524]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 6" EXACT [MA:0001426]
synonym: "sixth cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12524]
xref: EMAPA:19466
xref: FMA:12524
xref: MA:0001426
xref: ncithesaurus:C6_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181826004
property_value: "vertebra_number" "6" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004614 {source="FMA"} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004616
name: mammalian cervical vertebra 7
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically. all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "C7 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12525]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 7" EXACT [MA:0001427]
synonym: "prominent vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12525]
synonym: "seventh cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:12525]
synonym: "vertebra prominens (CVII)" EXACT [FMA:12525]
xref: EMAPA:19467
xref: FMA:12525
xref: MA:0001427
xref: ncithesaurus:C7_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181827008
property_value: "vertebra_number" "7" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004615 {source="FMA"} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 6

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004617
name: lumbar vertebra 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "first lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13072]
synonym: "L1 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13072]
xref: EMAPA:19472
xref: FMA:13072
xref: MA:0001428
xref: ncithesaurus:L1_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181841004
is_a: UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004618
name: lumbar vertebra 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L2 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13073]
synonym: "second lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13073]
xref: EMAPA:19570
xref: FMA:13073
xref: MA:0001429
xref: ncithesaurus:L2_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181842006
is_a: UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004617 {source="FMA"} ! lumbar vertebra 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004619
name: lumbar vertebra 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "L3 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13074]
synonym: "third lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13074]
xref: EMAPA:19571
xref: FMA:13074
xref: MA:0001430
xref: ncithesaurus:L3_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181843001
is_a: UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004618 {source="FMA"} ! lumbar vertebra 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004620
name: lumbar vertebra 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fourth lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13075]
synonym: "L4 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13075]
xref: EMAPA:19572
xref: FMA:13075
xref: MA:0001431
xref: ncithesaurus:L4_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181844007
is_a: UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004619 {source="FMA"} ! lumbar vertebra 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004621
name: lumbar vertebra 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "fifth lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13076]
synonym: "L5 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13076]
xref: EMAPA:19573
xref: FMA:13076
xref: MA:0001432
xref: ncithesaurus:L5_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181845008
is_a: UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004620 {source="FMA"} ! lumbar vertebra 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004622
name: sacral vertebra 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "First sacral segment" EXACT [FMA:13077]
synonym: "first sacral vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13077]
synonym: "First segment of sacrum" EXACT [FMA:13077]
synonym: "S1 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13077]
xref: EMAPA:19588
xref: FMA:13077
xref: MA:0001434
xref: ncithesaurus:S1_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181846009
is_a: UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004623
name: sacral vertebra 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "S2 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13078]
synonym: "Second sacral segment" EXACT [FMA:13078]
synonym: "second sacral vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13078]
synonym: "Second segment of sacrum" EXACT [FMA:13078]
xref: EMAPA:19589
xref: FMA:13078
xref: MA:0001435
xref: ncithesaurus:S2_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181847000
is_a: UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004624
name: sacral vertebra 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "S3 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13079]
synonym: "Third sacral segment" EXACT [FMA:13079]
synonym: "third sacral vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13079]
synonym: "Third segment of sacrum" EXACT [FMA:13079]
xref: EMAPA:19590
xref: FMA:13079
xref: MA:0001436
xref: ncithesaurus:S3_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181848005
is_a: UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004625
name: sacral vertebra 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Fourth sacral segment" EXACT [FMA:13080]
synonym: "fourth sacral vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13080]
synonym: "Fourth segment of sacrum" EXACT [FMA:13080]
synonym: "S4 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13080]
xref: EMAPA:19591
xref: FMA:13080
xref: MA:0001437
xref: ncithesaurus:S4_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181849002
is_a: UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004626
name: thoracic vertebra 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "First dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9165]
synonym: "first thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9165]
synonym: "T1 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9165]
xref: EMAPA:19542
xref: FMA:9165
xref: MA:0001438
xref: ncithesaurus:T1_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181828003
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004627
name: thoracic vertebra 2
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Second dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9187]
synonym: "second thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9187]
synonym: "T2 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9187]
xref: EMAPA:19543
xref: FMA:9187
xref: MA:0001439
xref: ncithesaurus:T2_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181829006
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004626 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004628
name: thoracic vertebra 3
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T3 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9209]
synonym: "Third dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9209]
synonym: "third thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9209]
xref: EMAPA:19544
xref: FMA:9209
xref: MA:0001440
xref: ncithesaurus:T3_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181830001
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004627 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004629
name: thoracic vertebra 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Fourth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9248]
synonym: "fourth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9248]
synonym: "T4 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9248]
xref: EMAPA:19545
xref: FMA:9248
xref: MA:0001441
xref: ncithesaurus:T4_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181831002
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004628 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004630
name: thoracic vertebra 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Fifth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9922]
synonym: "fifth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9922]
synonym: "T5 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9922]
xref: EMAPA:19546
xref: FMA:9922
xref: MA:0001442
xref: ncithesaurus:T5_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181832009
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004629 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004631
name: thoracic vertebra 6
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Sixth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9945]
synonym: "sixth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9945]
synonym: "T6 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9945]
xref: EMAPA:19547
xref: FMA:9945
xref: MA:0001443
xref: ncithesaurus:T6_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181834005
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004630 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004632
name: thoracic vertebra 7
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Seventh dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9968]
synonym: "seventh thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9968]
synonym: "T7 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9968]
xref: EMAPA:19548
xref: FMA:9968
xref: MA:0001444
xref: ncithesaurus:T7_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181835006
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004631 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 6

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004633
name: thoracic vertebra 9
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Ninth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10014]
synonym: "ninth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10014]
synonym: "T9 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10014]
xref: EMAPA:19550
xref: FMA:10014
xref: MA:0001446
xref: ncithesaurus:T9_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181837003
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0011050 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 8

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004634
name: thoracic vertebra 10
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T10 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10037]
synonym: "Tenth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10037]
synonym: "tenth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10037]
xref: EMAPA:19551
xref: FMA:10037
xref: MA:0001447
xref: ncithesaurus:T10_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181838008
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004633 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 9

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004635
name: thoracic vertebra 11
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "Eleventh dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10059]
synonym: "eleventh thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10059]
synonym: "T11 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10059]
xref: EMAPA:19552
xref: FMA:10059
xref: MA:0001448
xref: ncithesaurus:T11_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181839000
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004634 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 10

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004636
name: thoracic vertebra 12
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
synonym: "T12 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10081]
synonym: "Twelfth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10081]
synonym: "twelfth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:10081]
xref: EMAPA:19553
xref: FMA:10081
xref: MA:0001449
xref: ncithesaurus:T12_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181840003
is_a: UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004635 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 11

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004637
name: otic capsule
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism; in elasmobranchs, it remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans)[Biology-Online]. Bilaterally paired cartilage encasing the semicircular canals of the inner ear[ZFA]." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/otic+capsule, http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Otic_capsule, ZFA:0001500]
comment: Taxon notes: developmental relationships need to be checked
synonym: "auditory capsule" RELATED [VHOG:0000854]
synonym: "otic capsule" EXACT [ZFA:0001500]
synonym: "periotic" RELATED []
synonym: "periotic capsule" RELATED [VHOG:0000854]
xref: AAO:0010143
xref: SCTID:361515007
xref: VHOG:0000854
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001694 {source="EHDAA2"} ! petrous part of temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004648
name: esophagus muscularis mucosa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "esophagus muscularis mucosae" EXACT []
synonym: "lamina muscularis of esophageal mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:63059]
synonym: "muscularis mucosae of esophagus" EXACT [FMA:63059]
xref: FMA:63059
xref: MA:0002681
xref: ncithesaurus:Esophageal_Muscularis_Mucosa
xref: SCTID:47720007
is_a: UBERON:0002112 ! smooth muscle of esophagus
is_a: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004649
name: sphenoid bone pterygoid process
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The pterygoid processes of the sphenoid, one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wings unite. Each process consists of a medial pterygoid plate and a lateral pterygoid plate, the upper parts of which are fused anteriorly; a vertical sulcus, the pterygopalatine groove, descends on the front of the line of fusion. The plates are separated below by an angular cleft, the pterygoid fissure (or pterygoid notch), the margins of which are rough for articulation with the pyramidal process of the palatine bone. The two plates diverge behind and enclose between them a V-shaped fossa, the pterygoid fossa, which contains pterygoideus internus and tensor veli palatini. Above this fossa is a small, oval, shallow depression, the scaphoid fossa, which gives origin to the tensor veli palatini. The anterior surface of the pterygoid process is broad and triangular near its root, where it forms the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and presents the anterior orifice of the pterygoid canal." [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
comment: todo - check AAO:0000521-pterygoid and MA:0001471-pterygoid bone. MA also has 'inner plate of pterygoid process' as a syn for MA:0001471, FMA has lateral/medial plates. Seems likely inner = lateral (see  MP:0004452).
synonym: "processus pterygoideus" EXACT [FMA:54682]
synonym: "processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis" EXACT [FMA:54682, FMA:TA]
synonym: "processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
synonym: "pterygoid plate" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
synonym: "pterygoid process" EXACT [FMA:54682]
synonym: "pterygoid process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
synonym: "pterygoid process of sphenoid" EXACT [FMA:54682]
synonym: "pterygoid process of sphenoid bone" EXACT [FMA:54682]
synonym: "pterygoid process of sphenoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002774]
synonym: "pterygoid processes" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
synonym: "pterygoid processus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid]
xref: AAO:0010086
xref: FMA:54682
xref: MA:0002774
xref: SCTID:140390001
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004651
name: scapula spine
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa." [Wikipedia:Spine_of_scapula]
comment: Taxon notes: the cleithrum, the major shoulder bone of extinct land vertebrate ancestors,.. appears to survive as the scapular spine in living mammals[Matsuoka, PMC1352163]
synonym: "scapular spine" RELATED [FMA:13453, MA:0002806]
synonym: "spina scapulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spine_of_scapula]
synonym: "spine of scapula" EXACT [FMA:13453]
xref: EMAPA:25123
xref: FMA:13453
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gray205_left_scapula_lateral_view.png/200px-Gray205_left_scapula_lateral_view.png
xref: MA:0002806
xref: SCTID:181916005
property_value: "homologous_to" UBERON:0004741
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004652
name: humerus diaphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "body of humerus" EXACT [FMA:13305]
synonym: "corpus humeri" EXACT [FMA:13305, FMA:TA]
synonym: "diaphysis of humerus" EXACT [FMA:13305]
synonym: "humeral diaphysis" EXACT [FMA:13305]
synonym: "shaft of humerus" EXACT [FMA:13305]
xref: EMAPA:25051
xref: FMA:13305
xref: MA:0002807
xref: SCTID:181927007
is_a: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004654
name: temporal process of zygomatic bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The temporal process of the zygomatic bone, directed backward and medialward, is concave, presenting medially a rough, triangular area, for articulation with the maxilla, and laterally a smooth, concave surface, the upper part of which forms the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa, the lower a part of the infratemporal fossa. Near the center of this surface is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve." [Wikipedia:Temporal_process_of_the_zygomatic_bone]
synonym: "facies temporalis ossis zygomatici" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Temporal_process_of_the_zygomatic_bone]
synonym: "processus temporalis (os zygomaticum)" EXACT [FMA:52904]
synonym: "zygomatic bone temporal process" EXACT [MA:0002812]
xref: EMAPA:19015
xref: FMA:52904
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Gray166.png/200px-Gray166.png
xref: MA:0002812
xref: SCTID:122772003
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001683 ! zygomatic bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002500 ! zygomatic arch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004655
name: zygomatic process of temporal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0004653
def: "The zygomatic process of the temporal bone is a long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone. It articulates with the zygomatic bone. This process is at first directed lateralward, its two surfaces looking upward and downward; it then appears as if twisted inward upon itself, and runs forward, its surfaces now looking medialward and lateralward." [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_temporal_bone]
synonym: "processus zygomaticus" EXACT [FMA:52886]
synonym: "processus zygomaticus ossis temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygomatic_process_of_temporal_bone]
synonym: "temporal bone zygomatic process" EXACT [MA:0002811]
synonym: "temporal zygomatic process" EXACT [FMA:52886]
xref: EMAPA:19015
xref: FMA:52886
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Gray137.png/200px-Gray137.png
xref: MA:0002811
xref: SCTID:414110008
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002500 ! zygomatic arch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004657
name: mandible condylar process
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck." [BTO:0001750, Wikipedia:Mandibular_condyle]
synonym: "condylar process of mandible" EXACT [FMA:52836]
synonym: "mandibular condyle" EXACT [BTO:0001750]
synonym: "mandibular condyloid process" RELATED [MA:0002816]
synonym: "Processus condylaris" EXACT [FMA:52836]
xref: BTO:0001750
xref: FMA:52836
xref: GAID:219
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Processuscondylarismandibulae.PNG/200px-Processuscondylarismandibulae.PNG
xref: MA:0002816
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000401 ! mandibular ramus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004658
name: mandible head
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "head of mandible" EXACT [FMA:59331]
synonym: "Mandibular head" EXACT [FMA:59331]
xref: FMA:59331
xref: MA:0002817
xref: SCTID:51354009
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004657 ! mandible condylar process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004659
name: mandible neck
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "Mandibular neck" EXACT [FMA:59332]
synonym: "neck of mandible" EXACT [FMA:59332]
xref: FMA:59332
xref: MA:0002818
xref: SCTID:368875004
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004657 ! mandible condylar process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004660
name: mandible coronoid process
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size.Its anterior border is convex and is continuous below with the anterior border of the ramus.Its posterior border is concave and forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular notch.Its lateral surface is smooth, and affords insertion to the Temporalis and Masseter.Its medial surface gives insertion to the Temporalis, and presents a ridge which begins near the apex of the process and runs downward and forward to the inner side of the last molar tooth" [Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_mandible]
synonym: "coronoid process of mandible" EXACT [FMA:52833]
synonym: "mandibular coronoid process" RELATED [MA:0002819]
synonym: "Processus coronoideus (mandibula)" EXACT [FMA:52833]
synonym: "processus coronoideus mandibulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_mandible]
xref: FMA:52833
xref: MA:0002819
xref: SCTID:244691004
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000401 ! mandibular ramus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004661
name: mandible temporal crest
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "Crista temporalis (Mandibulae)" EXACT [FMA:59484]
synonym: "temporal crest of mandible" EXACT [FMA:59484]
xref: FMA:59484
xref: MA:0002820
disjoint_from: UBERON:0010994 ! coronoid process of ulna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000401 ! mandibular ramus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004662
name: vertebra lamina
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "lamina arcus vertebrae" EXACT [FMA:11951, FMA:TA]
synonym: "lamina of vertebra" EXACT [FMA:11951]
synonym: "lamina of vertebral arch" EXACT [FMA:11951]
synonym: "neural arch lamina" EXACT [AAO:0000695]
synonym: "vertebral lamina" EXACT [FMA:11951]
synonym: "vertebral lamina" RELATED [MA:0002876]
xref: AAO:0000695
xref: FMA:11951
xref: MA:0002876
xref: SCTID:277423002
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004665
name: seminal vesicle muscle layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of muscle tissue that is part of a seminal vesicle [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscle layer of seminal vesicle" EXACT [FMA:19404]
synonym: "muscular coat of seminal gland" EXACT [FMA:19404]
synonym: "muscular layer of seminal gland" EXACT [FMA:19404]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (Vesicula seminalis)" EXACT [FMA:19404]
synonym: "tunica muscularis glandulae vesiculosae" EXACT [FMA:19404, FMA:TA]
xref: EMAPA:29773
xref: FMA:19404
xref: MA:0002913
is_a: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004667
name: interventricular septum muscular part
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of muscle tissue that is part of a interventricular septum [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "Muscular interventricular septum" EXACT [FMA:7134]
synonym: "muscular interventricular septum" RELATED [MA:0002940]
synonym: "muscular part of interventricular septum" EXACT [FMA:7134]
synonym: "Pars muscularis (septi interventricularis)" EXACT [FMA:7134]
xref: EHDAA:2607
xref: EMAPA:18247
xref: FMA:7134
xref: MA:0002940
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0000888
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004695
name: arterial system smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an arterial system [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000704
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004696
name: venous system smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0000715
is_a: UBERON:0004237 ! blood vessel smooth muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004237 ! blood vessel smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004704
name: bone fossa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a depression or hollow in a bone[WP]." [Wikipedia:Fossa#Anatomy]
comment: AO notes: General Anatomical term in FMA; not restricted to bone in ncit; surface feature in VSAO; note that entities named 'fossa' are cavities in FMA, hence placement here
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "fossa" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010439
xref: FMA:45791
xref: ncithesaurus:Fossa
xref: TAO:0001743
xref: VSAO:0005069
xref: ZFA:0005388
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004705
name: fenestra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "an opening in the skull or other bones[WP]." [Wikipedia:Fenestra]
comment: TODO check fenestra vs fossa. fenestra = hole, fossa = depression with bottom?
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004715
name: annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The ring of fibrocartilage and fibrous tissue forming the circumference of the intervertebral disc; surrounds the nucleus pulposus, which is prone to herniation when the annulus fibrosus is compromised." [BTO:0003629, Wikipedia:Annulus_fibrosus_disci_intervertebralis]
synonym: "annulus fibrosus" BROAD [MA:0000111]
synonym: "annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc" RELATED [BTO:0003629]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus (diskus intervertebralis)" EXACT [FMA:13551]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk" EXACT [FMA:13551]
synonym: "fibrous ring of intervertebral disc" RELATED [BTO:0003629]
xref: BTO:0003629
xref: FMA:13551
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png/200px-Cervical_vertebra_english.png
xref: MA:0000111
xref: Wikipedia:Annulus_fibrosus_disci_intervertebralis
is_a: UBERON:0006444 ! annulus fibrosus
intersection_of: UBERON:0006444 ! annulus fibrosus
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004740
name: basibranchial
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Median ventral cartilage or bony element at the ventral point of a branchial arch, behind the tongue." [http://www.fishbase.org/Glossary/Glossary.php?q=basibranchial&sc=is, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/basibranchial]
synonym: "basibranchials" EXACT [ZFA:0000170]
synonym: "copula I" RELATED [AAO:0000686]
xref: AAO:0000686
xref: EFO:0003503
xref: TAO:0000170
xref: ZFA:0000170
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005886 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004741
name: cleithrum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Dermal bone on the margin of the scapula. The cleithrum is attached to the skull in fishes, but free from the latter in amphibians and disappears early in the evolution of reptiles." [VSAO:0000187]
comment: Taxon notes: Found in some early members of Chelonia (e.g. Triassochelys), but missing in all later forms.[VSAO]
synonym: "cleithra" EXACT [ZFA:0000184]
xref: AAO:0000750
xref: EFO:0003507
xref: TAO:0000184
xref: VSAO:0000187
xref: ZFA:0000184
is_a: UBERON:0007829 ! pectoral girdle bone
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="ZFA"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="ZFA"} ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004742
name: dentary
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw. It first appears around the anterior end of Meckel's cartilage (5.1 mm NL). In the adult, the dentary meets its counterpart anteriorly at the mandibular symphysis. The dentary abuts the retroarticular posteriorly, and it surround the anguloarticular. The dentary is connected to the maxilla by the maxillo-mandibular ligament. Dentary teeth are absent in cypriniforms, but are present in other ostariophysans." [Wikipedia:Dentary#In_other_vertebrates, ZFA:0000191]
comment: Taxon notes: In lobe-finned fishes and the early fossil tetrapods, the bone homologous to the mandible of mammals is merely the largest of several bones in the lower jaw. In such animals, it is referred to as the dentary bone, and forms the body of the outer surface of the jaw. It is bordered below by a number of splenial bones, while the angle of the jaw is formed by a lower angular bone and a suprangular bone just above it. The inner surface of the jaw is lined by a prearticular bone, while the articular bone forms the articulation with the skull proper. Finally a set of three narrow coronoid bones lie above the prearticular bone. As the name implies, the majority of the teeth are attached to the dentary, but there are commonly also teeth on the coronoid bones, and sometimes on the prearticular as well. This complex primitive pattern has, however, been simplified to various degrees in the great majority of vertebrates, as bones have either fused or vanished entirely. In teleosts, only the dentary, articular, and angular bones remain, while in living amphibians, the dentary is accompanied only by the prearticular, and, in salamanders, one of the coronoids. The lower jaw of reptiles has only a single coronoid and splenial, but retains all the other primitive bones except the prearticular.
synonym: "dentale" RELATED [AAO:0000124]
synonym: "dentary bone" EXACT [ZFA:0000191]
synonym: "os dentale" RELATED [AAO:0000124]
synonym: "sur-angulaire" RELATED [AAO:0000124]
xref: AAO:0000124
xref: EFO:0003508
xref: TAO:0000191
xref: VHOG:0001022
xref: ZFA:0000191
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
is_a: UBERON:0004768 ! bone of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004743
name: coracoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that is paired and forms part of the socket for the humerus in tetrapods and acts as base of the pectoral fin in fish." [VSAO:curator, Wikipedia:Coracoid]
comment: Procoracoid+coracoid are homologuous with coracoid of teleostomi. The coracoid is a triangular shaped-bone that usually has an anteriorly directed long process that may joins its counterpart in some fish groups. It may be perforated by the coracoid foramen or it may be notched dorsally and forms the scapulo-coracoid foramen together with a similar notch of the ventral margin of the scapula[VSAO] Editor notes: we would like to make pectoral girdle and limb spatially disjoint, check where this structure belongs // check coracoid process // see also - procoracoid and epicoracoid
synonym: "clavicula" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "clavicula posterior" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "clavicula vera" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "coracoid" EXACT [ZFA:0000332]
synonym: "coracoideum" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "coracoidien" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "coracoids" EXACT [ZFA:0000332]
synonym: "metacoracoid " RELATED [VSAO:0000158]
synonym: "pars sternalis scapulae" RELATED [AAO:0000764]
synonym: "scapulocoracoid" RELATED [ZFA:0000332]
xref: AAO:0000764
xref: TAO:0000332
xref: VSAO:0000158
xref: ZFA:0000332
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:32525
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0007829 ! pectoral girdle bone
disjoint_from: UBERON:0006633 ! coracoid process
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004753 ! scapulocoracoid
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="VSAO"} ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004744
name: articular/anguloarticular
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [Wikipedia:Articular]
comment: Editor notes: We create different classes for articular and malleus, in contrast to VHOG. Taxon notes (from VHOG): "According to this theory [Reichert-Gaupp theory], the mammalian stapes is derived from the reptilian columella, the incus from the quadrate and the malleus from the articular [...]" Gerrie J, The phylogeny of the mammalian tympanic cavity and auditory ossicles. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology (1948) 62:339-357. Note that TAO has a distinct class for articular - in fact we need (at least) 3 classes here - articular, anguloarticular and malleus, arranged into a single VHOG group
synonym: "angulaire" RELATED [AAO:0000028]
synonym: "angulare" RELATED [AAO:0000028]
synonym: "anguloarticular" EXACT [ZFA:0000467]
synonym: "articular" EXACT [ZFA:0000467]
synonym: "dermarticulare" RELATED [AAO:0000028]
synonym: "goniale" RELATED [AAO:0000028]
synonym: "operculo angulaire" RELATED [AAO:0000028]
xref: AAO:0000028
xref: EFO:0003530
xref: TAO:0000467
xref: VHOG:0000690
xref: ZFA:0000467
property_value: "homologous_to" UBERON:0001689
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
is_a: UBERON:0004768 ! bone of lower jaw
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011002 {source="ZFA"} ! articular cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 {source="AAO"} ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004745
name: parasphenoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Long, unpaired median dermal bone that runs almost the entire length of the cranium. Contacts the prevomer anteriorly, and the prootic and basioccipital posteriorly. Anteriorly the parasphenoid is a long, thin bone that widens abruptly at the point of contact with the prootic." [ZFA:0000561]
synonym: "keilbein" RELATED [AAO:0000385]
synonym: "os parasphenoidale" RELATED [AAO:0000385]
synonym: "os sphenoideum" RELATED [AAO:0000385]
synonym: "parabasale" RELATED [AAO:0000385]
xref: AAO:0000385
xref: TAO:0000561
xref: ZFA:0000561
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003111 ! sphenoid region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003113 ! dermatocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004746
name: prootic
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Paired, endochondral bones forming the anterior, and lateral walls of the otic capsules." [AAO:0000514]
xref: AAO:0000514
xref: EFO:0003542
xref: TAO:0000575
xref: ZFA:0000575
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004637 ! otic capsule
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005410 ! cartilaginous otic capsule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003110 ! otic region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004747
name: supraoccipital
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:0005237
def: "In humans: a bone on the dorsal side of the great foramen of the skull, usually forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young[DF]. In teleosts: Large shield-shaped unpaired median cartilage bone that contact the parietal anteriorly, and the exocciptial and epiotic laterally. Forms the posterodorsal most point of the cranium. The supraoccipital usually bears a crest that extends posterodorsally." [ZFA:0000595]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "supraoccipital bone" EXACT [MA:0001474]
xref: AAO:0000588
xref: MA:0001474
xref: SCTID:95947006
xref: TAO:0000595
xref: VHOG:0001150
xref: ZFA:0000595
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004748
name: autopalatine
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The cartilaginous autopalatine forms from the anterior palatoquadrate arch. The first sign of ossification is visible at the anterior tip where it articulates with the maxilla (7.6 mm). In adults there are three processes at the anterior portion of the palatine: a ventromedial process, which forms the socket of the small ball- and- socket joint with the preethmoid; a dorsomedial process, which is connected by a short ligament to the ethmoid; and a lateral process, which extends toward the first infraorbital. Possession of a dorsomedial process, which abuts the ethmoid, is a unique feature shared by Cypriniformes (Fink and Fink, 1981). The palatine has two components, the autopalatine (derived from pars autopalatine) and the dermal component having teeth, the dermopalatine Arratia & Schultze 1990. The element in cypriniforms is only the cartilage part, so that it is more correct to name it autopalatine and not as palatine in general that it implies a fusion of elements (as in perciforms)." [ZFA:0000620]
synonym: "neopalatine" BROAD [AAO:0000372]
synonym: "palatine" EXACT [ZFA:0000620]
xref: AAO:0000372
xref: TAO:0000620
xref: ZFA:0000620
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004751
name: hypohyal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Hypohyals are the most anterior of the bilaterally paired ventral hyoid arch elements. The two hypohyals in zebrafish ossify at the anterodorsal and anteroventral tips of the ceratohyal cartilages; no separate hypohyal cartilages are present." [ZFA:0001381]
xref: AAO:0000958
xref: TAO:0001381
xref: ZFA:0001381
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004752
name: palatoquadrate cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the dorsal component of the mandibular arch, the ventral one being Meckel's cartilage" [Wikipedia:Palatoquadrate]
synonym: "dorsal mandibular cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001399]
synonym: "pterygoquadrate" RELATED INCONSISTENT [ZFA:0001399]
synonym: "quadrate cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001399]
xref: AAO:0000379
xref: TAO:0001399
xref: ZFA:0001399
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 {source="ZFA"} ! upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003108 {source="AAO"} ! suspensorium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004753
name: scapulocoracoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that consists of the scapula and the coracoid[VSAO, modified]." [VSAO:0005002, Wikipedia:Scapulocoracoid]
comment: AO notes: ZFA defines as precursor to scapula and coracoid. Taxon notes: Fused, ossified portions of the scapula, procoracoid, and coracoid[AAO] Cartilage in TAO. Editor notes: todo - decide whether to create separate classes for cartilage & ossified
synonym: "coraco-scapular cartilage" NARROW [ZFA:0001455]
synonym: "scapulocoracoideum" EXACT [VSAO:0005002]
xref: AAO:0000781
xref: TAO:0001455
xref: VSAO:0005002
xref: ZFA:0001455
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="VSAO"} ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004755
name: skeletal tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Connective tissue that functions in mechanical and structural support." [VSAO:0000015]
comment: Four classes of mineralized tissues are found in vertebrates: bone, cartilage, dentine, and enamel. We think of cartilage and bone as skeletal tissues and of enamel and dentine as dental tissues, but enamel and dentine arose evolutionarily together with bone as skeletal tissues in the dermal skeleton (exoskeleton) of early vertebrates. Scales and teeth of sharks are examples of dermal skeletal elements that are still composed of the three ancient components-enamel, dentine, and bone. Cartilage, on the other hand, provided the basis for the second vertebrate skeletal system, the endoskeleton (Smith and Hall, 1990; Hall, 1998a,b). some invertebrate skeletal tissues have surprisingly bone-like features. Examples include chondrocytes interconnected by cell processes in cephalopod cartilages (Cole and Hall, 2004a,b), and the calcium phosphate layer in the shells of brachiopods (Rodland et al., 2003). However, neither bone nor mineralized cartilage have been found in invertebrates. Editors notes: TODO - develops_from
synonym: "mineralized tissue" NARROW []
xref: SCTID:309311006
xref: VSAO:0000015
xref: XAO:0004038
xref: ZFA:0005619
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004756
name: dermal skeletal element
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue." []
synonym: "dermal element" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: has_part UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004759
name: salt gland of cranial region
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A salt gland located in the cranium or cranial region." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: organ_slim
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004761
name: cartilaginous neurocranium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the primitive cartilagionous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embyonic brain. In humans, the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchymal condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull in most higher vertebrates, some components do persist into adulthood.[1] In Cartilagious fishes and Agnathans, the chondrocranium persist throughout life.[2] Embryologically, the chondrocranium represent the basal cranial structure, and lay the base for the formation of the endocranium in higher vertebrates[WP]." [Wikipedia:Chondrocranium]
comment: note that in contrast to chondrocranium, this structure is entirely cartiliginous. In Chondricthyes this is the same as the neurocranium. FMA:76621 is an undefined fetal structure, so we assume the correct placement is here. Note that this is distinct from MA:0000317 which is the uberon:neurocranium (the part of the cranium that encloses the brain)
synonym: "cartilaginous chondocranium" EXACT []
synonym: "cartilaginous skull" RELATED []
synonym: "cartiligionous skeletal structure of skull" EXACT []
synonym: "chondocranium" RELATED [Wikipedia:Chondrocranium]
synonym: "neurocranium" RELATED SENSU []
xref: AAO:0000094
xref: AAO:0010153
xref: EHDAA:6031
xref: FMA:76621
xref: ncithesaurus:Chondrocranium
xref: SCTID:155540009
xref: XAO:0003059
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004763
name: endochondral bone tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Replacement bone tissue that forms within cartilage[TAO]. Endochondral ossification is the formation of bone by the replacement of cartilage tissue with mineralized bone[GO]. cartilage is present during endochondral ossification. It is also an essential process during the rudimentary formation of long bones, the growth of the length of long bones, and the natural healing of bone fractures[WP]." [GO:0001958, Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification]
comment: note the distinction between endochondral bone and endochondral bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "replacement bone" BROAD [ZFA:0001628]
xref: AAO:0010768
xref: MA:0002836
xref: TAO:0001637
xref: ZFA:0001628
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
is_a: UBERON:0010522 {source="ZFA"} ! replacement element
disjoint_from: UBERON:0004764 ! intramembranous bone tissue
relationship: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004764
name: intramembranous bone tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Bone tissue that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]." [GO:0001957, Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification]
comment: note the distinction between intramembranous bone and intramembranous bone tissue. Some bones may be a mixture of both tissue types. The MA class most likely refers to a tissue type.
xref: MA:0002837
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004765
name: skeletal element
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: TODO - add more general class for other kinds of mineralized tissue
subset: organ_slim
subset: uberon_slim
xref: galen:SkeletalStructure
xref: TAO:0001890
xref: VSAO:0000128
xref: XAO:0004012
xref: ZFA:0005494
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004766
name: cranial bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a cranium." [UBERON:automatic]
synonym: "cranium bone" EXACT [UBERON:automatic]
xref: SCTID:181792001
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0003457 ! head bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004767
name: vomerine tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A tooth that is on the vomer." [http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/Vomerine%20teeth]
xref: AAO:0000635
xref: TAO:0001631
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004768
name: bone of lower jaw
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Any bone that is part of the lower jaw. This includes (when present): the dentary, the articular, the single jaw bone of mammals" [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Editor notes: Do not manually classify under here - bones are automatically classified
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "bone of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of lower jaw" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "bone organ of ventral mandibular arch" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lower jaw bone" EXACT []
synonym: "lower jaw bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch bone" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "ventral mandibular arch bone organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004769
name: diaphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between the two epiphyses; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: diaphysis of humerus, diaphysis of femur[FMA]. the main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat)." [Wikipedia:Diaphysis]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "body of long bone" EXACT []
synonym: "long bone diaphysis" EXACT []
synonym: "shaft of long bone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24013
xref: GAID:189
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Illu_long_bone.jpg/200px-Illu_long_bone.jpg
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.169
xref: SCTID:361729006
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004770
name: articular system
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body." [VSAO:0000181]
synonym: "joint system" EXACT [FMA:23878]
synonym: "set of all joints" RELATED []
synonym: "set of all joints of body" EXACT [FMA:23878]
xref: FMA:23878
xref: MA:0003007
xref: SCTID:361827000
xref: VSAO:0000181
is_a: UBERON:0000467 {source="VSAO"} ! anatomical system
relationship: has_part UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004771
name: posterior nasal aperture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx[AAO] The choanae are separated by the vomer[WP]." [AAO:0000093, Wikipedia:Posterior_nasal_apertures]
comment: Fish don't have choanae, instead they have two pairs of external nostrils[WP] In addition to tetrapods, the lungfish has internal nostrils too. TODO: check part_of vs adjacent_to nasal cavity. In tetrapods the exhalant nostril (choana) empties into the buccal cavity.
synonym: "choana" BROAD [Wikipedia:Choane, XAO:0000277]
synonym: "internal naris" BROAD [MA:0001323]
synonym: "nasopharyngeal naris" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000093
xref: EHDAA2:0000242
xref: EHDAA:7842
xref: FMA:53143
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gray855.png/200px-Gray855.png
xref: MA:0001323
xref: SCTID:244507001
xref: VHOG:0000545
xref: XAO:0000277
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004825
name: dental lamina
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a band of epithelial tissue seen in histologic sections of a developing tooth. The dental lamina is first evidence of tooth development and begins at the sixth week in utero or three weeks after the rupture of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It is formed when cells of the oral ectoderm proliferate faster than cells of other areas. Best described as an in-growth of oral ectoderm, the dental lamina is frequently distinguished from the vestibular lamina, which develops concurrently. This dividing tissue is surrounded by and, some would argue, stimulated by ectomysenchymal growth. When it is present, the dental lamina connects the developing tooth bud to the epithelium of the oral cavity. Eventually, the dental lamina disintegrates into small clusters of epithelium and is resorbed. In situations when the clusters are not resorbed, (this remanent of the dental lamina is sometimes known as the glands of Serres) eruption cysts are formed over the developing tooth and delay its eruption into the oral cavity. This invagination of ectodermal tissues is the proginitor to the later ameloblasts and enamel while the ectomysenchyme is responsible for the dental papilla and later odontoblasts." [Wikipedia:Dental_lamina]
comment: Homology notes: In the epidermis of embryonic birds, there remains a transient thickening that is comparable to the early formation of the dental lamina in the mouse[PMID:10954731]. AO notes: check MA placement
synonym: "lamina dentalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dental_lamina]
xref: EMAPA:18292
xref: EMAPA:18295
xref: EMAPA:18298
xref: EMAPA:18301
xref: MA:0001597
xref: SCTID:362862007
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001091 {source="MA"} ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004829
name: urethra skeletal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a urethra [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of urethra" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethra skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "urethral skeletal muscle" RELATED [MA:0001690]
xref: MA:0001690
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003829 ! urethra muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004830
name: respiratory system skeletal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "respiratory system skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of apparatus respiratorius" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of respiratory system" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001829
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004831
name: esophagus skeletal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a esophagus [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "esophagus skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "gullet skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oesophagus skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of esophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of gullet" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of oesophagus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001572
is_a: UBERON:0003898 ! skeletal muscle of trunk
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003832 ! esophagus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004832
name: anal region skeletal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal part of perineum skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal region skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle skeletal muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "anal triangle skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of anal part of perineum" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of anal region" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of anal triangle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001530
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004833
name: lip skeletal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "lip skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle of lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "skeletal muscle tissue of lip" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001578
is_a: UBERON:0003899 ! skeletal muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004834
name: hepatic duct smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0001640
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004835
name: epididymis smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a epididymis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymis involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymis non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymis smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymus involuntary muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymus non-striated muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymus smooth muscle" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "epididymus smooth muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of epididymis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "involuntary muscle of epididymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of epididymis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "non-striated muscle of epididymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of epididymis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle of epididymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of epididymis" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "smooth muscle tissue of epididymus" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001736
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004858
name: cellular cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0000105
xref: SCTID:81997001
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004865
name: teleost parietal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Paired dermal bone that covers the hind part of the cranium, overlapping the dorsal edge of the sphenotic, pterotic, epiotic and the anterior edge of the supraoccipital. The parietal are overlapped anteriorly by the frontal." [ZFA:0000486]
comment: The parietal bone in teleost fish is the homolog of the frontal bone in tetrapods
synonym: "frontal bone" NARROW [FMA:52734]
synonym: "parietal bone" NARROW SENSU [TAO:0000486]
synonym: "post parietal" RELATED [ZFA:0000486]
synonym: "teleost parietal" EXACT []
xref: TAO:0000486
xref: VHOG:0001327
xref: ZFA:0000486
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004866
name: teleost frontal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "One of two large elongated paired dermal bones that roof the cranium and bear part of the supraorbital canal. The frontal bones cover the upper edge of the lateral ethmoid, orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoids and overlaps the parietal bone posteriorly." [ZFA:0000514]
comment: The frontal bone in teleost fish is the homolog of the parietal bone in tetrapods
synonym: "frontal bone" NARROW [TAO:0000514]
synonym: "teleost frontal" EXACT [TAO:0000514]
synonym: "teleost frontal bone" EXACT [TAO:0000514]
xref: TAO:0000514
xref: VHOG:0001324
xref: ZFA:0000514
is_a: UBERON:0002514 ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004867
name: orbital cavity
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:84961
xref: SCTID:280541000
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004895
name: alveolar smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Alveolar smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of the alveolus" [LG:0012628]
xref: MA:0002759
is_a: UBERON:0004225 ! respiratory system smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004915
name: sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP]." [Wikipedia:Sphincter_of_ampulla]
synonym: "hepatopancreatic ampullary sphincter" EXACT [FMA:15077]
synonym: "musculus sphincter ampullae" EXACT [FMA:15077]
synonym: "Oddi's sphincter" EXACT []
synonym: "sphincter of ampulla of vater" EXACT [FMA:15077]
synonym: "sphincter of Oddi" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18663
xref: EMAPA:18854
xref: FMA:15077
xref: GAID:285
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Gray1057.png/200px-Gray1057.png
xref: MESH:A.03.159.183.079.300.900.600
xref: ncithesaurus:Sphincter_of_Oddi
xref: SCTID:181271000
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004916
name: anal sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A sphincter muscle in the anal part of the perineum." [OBOL:automatic]
is_a: UBERON:0004519 ! muscle of anal triangle
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004917
name: urethral sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A sphincter muscle surrounding the urethra." [Wikipedia:Urethral_sphincter]
synonym: "sphincter muscle of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "sphincter of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "urethral sphincter muscle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002650
xref: SCTID:277855007
is_a: UBERON:0003829 ! urethra muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004918
name: internal urethral sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a urethral sphincter muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice. It is the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder. The muscle is made of smooth muscle, so therefore it is under involuntary control. It is kept tonically contracted by the sympathetic nervous system and during micturition, is relaxed via the parasympathetic nervous system. This is the primary muscle for preventing the release of urine[WP]." [Wikipedia:Internal_sphincter_muscle_of_urethra]
synonym: "internal sphincter muscle of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "internal sphincter of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "internal urethral sphincter muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus sphincter supracollicularis" EXACT [FMA:45769, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae internus" EXACT [FMA:45769, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae internus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internal_sphincter_muscle_of_urethra]
synonym: "preprostatic sphincter" EXACT [FMA:45769]
synonym: "sphincter urethrae internus" EXACT [FMA:45769, FMA:TA]
synonym: "supracollicular sphincter" EXACT [FMA:45769]
xref: FMA:45769
xref: SCTID:277856008
is_a: UBERON:0004917 ! urethral sphincter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0004919
name: external urethral sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra, Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_male_urethra]
comment: TODO male/female subclasses
synonym: "external sphincter muscle of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "external sphincter of urethra" EXACT []
synonym: "external urethral sphincter muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae femininae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_female_urethra]
synonym: "musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae masculinae, musculus sphincter urethrae membranaceae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_sphincter_muscle_of_male_urethra]
xref: FMA:85274
is_a: UBERON:0004917 ! urethral sphincter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001274 {source="dbpedia", notes="Junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm."} ! ischium
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001275 {source="dbpedia", notes="Junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm."} ! pubis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005019
name: mucosa of palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mucosa that is part of a palate [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of oral roof" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of oral roof" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of roof of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of roof of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of oral roof" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of roof of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral roof mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral roof mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral roof mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "oral roof organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of oral roof" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of roof of mouth" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palate mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palate mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palate mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "palate organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof of mouth mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof of mouth mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof of mouth mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "roof of mouth organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59765
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 ! secondary palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005024
name: mucosa of soft palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mucosa that is part of a soft palate [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of soft palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of soft palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of soft palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "soft palate organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59784
xref: SCTID:245842003
is_a: UBERON:0005019 ! mucosa of palate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001733 ! soft palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005025
name: mucosa of uvula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mucosa that is part of a uvula [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cerebellum lobule IX mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cerebellum lobule IX mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cerebellum lobule IX mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "cerebellum lobule IX organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of cerebellum lobule IX" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of cerebellum lobule IX" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of uvula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of uvula of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of uvula of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of cerebellum lobule IX" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of uvula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of uvula of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of cerebellum lobule IX" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of uvula" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of uvula of palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula of palate mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula of palate mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula of palate mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula of palate organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "uvula organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:60030
is_a: UBERON:0005024 ! mucosa of soft palate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001734 ! uvula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005046
name: mucosa of hard palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A mucosa that is part of a hard palate [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate mucosa of organ" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate mucous membrane" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "hard palate organ mucosa" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucosa of organ of hard palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "mucous membrane of hard palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "organ mucosa of hard palate" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: FMA:59783
xref: SCTID:245841005
is_a: UBERON:0005019 ! mucosa of palate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005055
name: zone of long bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An organ part that is part of a long bone [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "long bone zone" EXACT []
xref: FMA:24008
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002495 ! long bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005063
name: left ventricular compact myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [GO:0003224]
is_a: UBERON:0004127 ! compact layer of ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003382 {source="GO"} ! cardiac muscle of left ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005064
name: left ventricular trabecular myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [GO:0003225]
is_a: UBERON:0004126 ! trabecular layer of ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003382 {source="GO"} ! cardiac muscle of left ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005065
name: right ventricular compact myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [GO:0003226]
is_a: UBERON:0004127 ! compact layer of ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003381 {source="GO"} ! cardiac muscle of right ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005066
name: right ventricular trabecular myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [GO:0003227]
is_a: UBERON:0004126 ! trabecular layer of ventricle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003381 {source="GO"} ! cardiac muscle of right ventricle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005091
name: left horn of sinus venosus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001840
xref: EHDAA:482
xref: EMAPA:16238
xref: FMA:70321
xref: VHOG:0000488
relationship: in_left_side_of UBERON:0002063 ! sinus venosus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005092
name: right horn of sinus venosus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001841
xref: EHDAA:484
xref: EMAPA:16239
xref: FMA:70318
xref: VHOG:0000489
relationship: in_right_side_of UBERON:0002063 ! sinus venosus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005109
name: metanephric smooth muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Any smooth muscle tissue that is part of a metanephros." [GO:0072208, UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0005321 ! mesonephric smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005193
name: ethmoidal artery
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An artery that is part of a ethmoid [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001949
xref: ncithesaurus:Ethmoidal_Artery
xref: SCTID:244222007
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001679 ! ethmoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005236
name: osseus labyrinth vestibule
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear." [BTO:0003382, Wikipedia:Vestibule_of_the_ear]
synonym: "bony labyrinth vestibule" EXACT []
synonym: "inner ear vestibule" RELATED [BTO:0003382]
synonym: "inner ear vestibulum" EXACT [BTO:0003382]
synonym: "osseous labyrinth vestibule" EXACT [Obol:automatic]
synonym: "vestibular apparatus" RELATED [GAID:881]
synonym: "vestibule" BROAD [XAO:0000199]
synonym: "vestibule of bony labyrinth" EXACT [FMA:60183]
synonym: "vestibulum labyrinthi, vestibulum auris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vestibule_of_the_ear]
xref: AAO:0000984
xref: BTO:0003382
xref: EV:0100366
xref: FMA:60183
xref: GAID:881
xref: MA:0001185
xref: MESH:A.09.246.631.909
xref: ncithesaurus:Vestibule
xref: SCTID:181188003
xref: VHOG:0001220
xref: XAO:0000199
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001839 ! bony labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005238
name: tensor tympani muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle organ that is part of a tensor tympani [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EHDAA2:0002002
xref: EMAPA:18587
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.975
xref: SCTID:244779001
xref: VHOG:0000698
is_a: UBERON:0004112 ! muscle of middle ear
intersection_of: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001600 ! tensor tympani
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001600 ! tensor tympani

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005248
name: bulbus cordis myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A myocardium that is part of a bulbus cordis [Obol]." [OBOL:automatic]
xref: VHOG:0000609
is_a: UBERON:0002349 ! myocardium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005321
name: mesonephric smooth muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [GO:0061214]
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005342
name: malleus head
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "rounded portion of the malleus that articulates with the body of the incus[MP]." [MP:0008379]
synonym: "head of malleus" EXACT [FMA:52761]
xref: FMA:52761
xref: MA:0002987
xref: SCTID:368926004
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001689 ! malleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005354
name: malleus processus brevis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the projection extending from the base of the manubrium of the malleus which contacts the upper part of the tympanic membrane where the tympanic cavity makes a deep pocket (epitympanic pocket) surrounding the cartilaginous nodule[MP]." [MP:0010324]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001689 ! malleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005355
name: malleus neck
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the narrow contracted section of the malleus located between the head and the manubrium[MP]." [MP:0010327, Wikipedia:Neck_of_malleus]
synonym: "collum mallei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Neck_of_malleus]
synonym: "neck of malleus" EXACT [FMA:52762]
xref: FMA:52762
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gray916.png/200px-Gray916.png
xref: MA:0002988
xref: SCTID:368927008
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001689 ! malleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005404
name: frontonasal suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
alt_id: UBERON:MA_0002973-FMA_52948
def: "A suture between frontal and nasal bones" [GO:0097095, PMID:12416537]
synonym: "frontonasal suture of skull" EXACT [FMA:52948]
xref: FMA:52948
xref: MA:0002973
xref: SCTID:368982004
is_a: UBERON:0009198 {source="GO"} ! craniofacial suture
relationship: connects UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001681 ! nasal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005410
name: cartilaginous otic capsule
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: in elasmobranchs, the otic capsule remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans). todo - check EMAPA
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "auditory capsule" EXACT [ZFA:0001500]
xref: EMAPA:18803
xref: TAO:0001500
xref: ZFA:0001500
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0004637 ! otic capsule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005411
name: bony otic capsule
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: in elasmobranchs, the otic capsule remains cartilaginous in the adult; in the embryos of higher vertebrates, it is cartilaginous at first but later becomes bony (at approximately 23 weeks in humans)
xref: MA:0000252
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004637 ! otic capsule
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0005410 ! cartilaginous otic capsule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005441
name: external intercostal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Intercostales externi (External intercostals) are eleven in number on either side. They extend from the tubercles of the ribs behind, to the cartilages of the ribs in front, where they end in thin membranes, the anterior intercostal membranes, which are continued forward to the sternum. Each arises from the lower border of a rib, and is inserted into the upper border of the rib below. In the two lower spaces they extend to the ends of the cartilages, and in the upper two or three spaces they do not quite reach the ends of the ribs. They are thicker than the Intercostales interni, and their fibers are directed obliquely downward and laterally on the back of the thorax, and downward, forward, and medially on the front (the example is often used of sticking one's hands in their pocket and noting the direction of the fingers pointing downward and medially)." [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "external intercostal muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "external intercostals" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostal muscle external layer" RELATED [MA:0002325]
synonym: "intercostales externi" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostales externi muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostales externi muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostales externus" EXACT [MA:0002325]
synonym: "intercostalis externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostals external" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "intercostals external muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "musculi intercostales externi" RELATED [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
synonym: "musculi intercostales externi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:External_intercostal_muscles]
xref: EHDAA2:0000465
xref: EHDAA:8260
xref: FMA:9756
xref: MA:0002325
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Intercostal_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244878003
is_a: UBERON:0001111 {source="FMA"} ! intercostal muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010974 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external intercostal pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005442
name: external oblique
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The external oblique muscle (of the abdomen) (also external abdominal oblique muscle) is the largest and the most superficial (outermost) of the three flat muscles of the lateral anterior abdomen." [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "external abdominal oblique" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external abdominal oblique muscle" EXACT [FMA:13335]
synonym: "external abdominal oblique muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external oblique" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external oblique abdominal muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external oblique abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external oblique abdominis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "external oblique muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "m. obliquus externus abdominis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "oblique strength" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus abdominis externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus externus abdominis" EXACT [MA:0002345]
synonym: "obliquus externus abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus externus abdominis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_external_oblique_muscle]
xref: EHDAA2:0000469
xref: EHDAA:8248
xref: EMAPA:18162
xref: FMA:13335
xref: MA:0002345
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Oblique_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244946005
xref: VHOG:0000788
is_a: UBERON:0002461 {source="FMA"} ! anterior abdominal wall muscle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010975 {source="EHDAA2"} ! external oblique pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006204 {source="dbpedia"} ! inguinal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005446
name: foramen rotundum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa." [Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum]
comment: AAO to be checked
synonym: "foramen rotundum of the skull" RELATED [Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum]
synonym: "foramen rotundum ossis sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Foramen_rotundum]
xref: AAO:0000194
xref: EHDAA2:0000552
xref: EHDAA:10629
xref: EMAPA:18712
xref: FMA:53154
xref: SCTID:369439002
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005454
name: internal oblique
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The internal oblique muscle (of the abdomen) is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen, lying just underneath the external oblique and just above (superficial to) the transverse abdominal muscle." [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "abdominal internal oblique" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal abdominal oblique" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal abdominal oblique muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal oblique abdominal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal oblique abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal oblique abdominis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "internal oblique muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "musculus obliquus internus abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliqui internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "Obliquus internus abdominis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus internus abdominis" EXACT [MA:0002346]
synonym: "obliquus internus abdominis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus internus abdominis muscle" EXACT [FMA:13891]
synonym: "obliquus internus abdominis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abdominal_internal_oblique_muscle]
xref: EHDAA2:0000879
xref: EHDAA:8250
xref: EMAPA:18163
xref: FMA:13891
xref: MA:0002346
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Oblique_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244947001
xref: VHOG:0000789
is_a: UBERON:0002461 ! anterior abdominal wall muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002207 {notes="Linea alba Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs.", source="dbpedia"} ! xiphoid process
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {notes="Linea alba Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs.", source="dbpedia"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006204 {source="dbpedia", notes="Inguinal ligament Iliac crest and the Lumbodorsal fascia."} ! inguinal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005456
name: jugular foramen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The jugular foramen is a large aperture in the base of the skull. It is located behind the carotid canal and is formed in front by the petrous portion of the temporal, and behind by the occipital; it is generally larger on the right than on the left side" [Wikipedia:Jugular_foramen]
synonym: "foramen jugulare" RELATED [Wikipedia:Jugular_foramen]
synonym: "Posterior lacerate foramen" EXACT [FMA:56432]
xref: AAO:0000249
xref: EHDAA2:0000893
xref: EHDAA:10631
xref: EMAPA:18713
xref: FMA:56432
xref: ncithesaurus:Jugular_Foramen
xref: SCTID:361735006
xref: VHOG:0001113
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005461
name: levator scapulae
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The levator scapulae is situated at the back and side of the neck." [Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle]
synonym: "levator scapul%c3%a6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle]
synonym: "levator scapula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle]
synonym: "levator scapulae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle]
synonym: "musculus levator scapulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_scapulae_muscle]
xref: EHDAA2:0000992
xref: EHDAA:8309
xref: FMA:32519
xref: SCTID:279236008
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010983 {source="EHDAA2"} ! levator scapulae pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0007174 {source="dbpedia", notes="Superior part of medial border of scapula"} ! medial part of scapula
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001077 {notes="Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae", source="dbpedia"} ! transverse process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005467
name: platysma
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid. It is a broad sheet arising from the fascia covering the upper parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid; its fibers cross the clavicle, and proceed obliquely upward and medially along the side of the neck. The anterior fibers interlace, below and behind the symphysis menti, with the fibers of the muscle of the opposite side; the posterior fibers cross the mandible, some being inserted into the bone below the oblique line, others into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower part of the face. Many of these fibers blend with the muscles about the angle and lower part of the mouth. Sometimes fibers can be traced to the zygomaticus, or to the margin of the orbicularis oculi. Beneath the platysma, the external jugular vein descends from the angle of the mandible to the clavicle." [Wikipedia:Platysma_muscle]
synonym: "neck platysma muscle" RELATED [BTO:0005124]
synonym: "platysma cervicale" NARROW []
synonym: "platysma muscle" EXACT [BTO:0005124]
synonym: "platysma myoides" NARROW []
xref: BTO:0005124
xref: EHDAA2:0001474
xref: EHDAA:8270
xref: EMAPA:18190
xref: FMA:45738
xref: ncithesaurus:Platysma_Myoides
xref: SCTID:244754004
xref: VHOG:0000931
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010933 {notes="base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris", source="dbpedia"} ! orbicularis oris muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010934 {source="EMAPA"} ! panniculus carnosus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005480
name: superior orbital fissure
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone." [Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure]
comment: TODO add generic foramen class
synonym: "fissura orbitalis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure]
synonym: "fissura orbitalis superior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure]
synonym: "sphenoidal fissure" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_orbital_fissure]
xref: EHDAA2:0001952
xref: EHDAA:10650
xref: EMAPA:18718
xref: FMA:54799
xref: SCTID:280559002
xref: VHOG:0000553
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005493
name: hyoid muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A group of muscles used in mastication and swallowing. These muscles are attached to the hyoid bone, which is suspended in the neck and forms the base of the tongue and larynx. The muscles are divided into suprahyoid (superior) or infrahyoid (inferior) groups relative to the bone[unvetted]." [http://www.answers.com/topic/hyoid-muscles]
comment: Editor notes - grouping for all vertebrates dubious
subset: grouping_class
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "hyoid muscles" EXACT [ZFA:0000521]
xref: EFO:0003536
xref: EHDAA2:0000794
xref: ncithesaurus:Hyoid_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244823009
xref: TAO:0000521
xref: ZFA:0000521
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002036 {source="EHDAA2"} ! striated muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002377 {source="ncit"} ! muscle of neck
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004467 {source="ZFA"} ! musculature of pharynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005619
name: secondary palatal shelf
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the outgrowths of the embryonic maxillae that come together during prenatal development to form the secondary palate" [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/palatal+shelves]
comment: todo - check EMAPA
synonym: "lateral palatine process" EXACT [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/palatal+shelf]
synonym: "palatal shelf" EXACT [MA:0001581]
synonym: "palatal shelves" RELATED PLURAL []
synonym: "secondary palatal shelf" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0001364
xref: EHDAA:9283
xref: EMAPA:17362
xref: EMAPA:17930
xref: MA:0001581
xref: VHOG:0000378
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 ! secondary palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005620
name: primary palate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Roof of the buccal cavity, formed from the fusion of vomer, pterygoid, parasphenoid, palatine, ectopterygoid." [ISBN10:0073040584, Wikipedia:Primitive_palate]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "primary palate" RELATED [Wikipedia:Primitive_palate]
synonym: "primary palate process" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001499]
xref: EHDAA2:0001499
xref: EMAPA:17642
xref: EMAPA:17934
xref: MA:0001583
xref: ncithesaurus:Primary_Palate
xref: SCTID:359541001
xref: TAO:0002093
xref: VHOG:0000362
xref: ZFA:0005509
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002244 ! premaxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005621
name: rhomboid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A rhombus-shaped muscle associated with the scapula and chiefly responsible for its retraction. There are two rhomboid muscles." [Wikipedia:Rhomboid_muscles]
comment: TODO - add child terms
synonym: "musculus rhomboideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rhomboid_muscles]
synonym: "rhomboid muscle" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0001635
xref: EHDAA:8315
xref: MA:0002367
xref: SCTID:277441005
xref: VHOG:0001391
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010985 {source="EHDAA2"} ! rhomboid pre-muscle mass
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001125 {source="dbpedia"} ! serratus anterior
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000351 {notes="nuchal ligaments spinous processes of the C7 to T5 vertebrae", source="dbpedia"} ! nuchal ligament
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001076 {notes="nuchal ligaments spinous processes of the C7 to T5 vertebrae", source="dbpedia"} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005653
name: upper jaw molar epithelium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002126
is_a: UBERON:0003235 ! epithelium of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003666 ! upper jaw molar

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005654
name: lower jaw molar epithelium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001026
is_a: UBERON:0003236 ! epithelium of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003667 ! lower jaw molar

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005658
name: secondary palatal shelf epithelium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "palatal shelf epithelium" RELATED [VHOG:0001040]
xref: EHDAA2:0001365
xref: EMAPA:17363
xref: EMAPA:17931
xref: VHOG:0001040
is_a: UBERON:0003235 ! epithelium of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005619 ! secondary palatal shelf

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005659
name: primary palate epithelium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001500
xref: EMAPA:17643
xref: EMAPA:17935
xref: VHOG:0001025
is_a: UBERON:0003235 ! epithelium of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005620 ! primary palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005687
name: orbitosphenoid cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "sphenoid lesser wing cartilage condensation" RELATED [EHDAA2:0001329]
xref: EHDAA2:0001329
xref: EHDAA:9554
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010728 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid lesser wing pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009193 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid bone cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005700
name: upper jaw molar mesenchyme
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002127
is_a: UBERON:0003323 ! mesenchyme of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003666 ! upper jaw molar

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005701
name: lower jaw molar mesenchyme
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001027
is_a: UBERON:0003324 ! mesenchyme of lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003667 ! lower jaw molar

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005704
name: secondary palatal shelf mesenchyme
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "palatal shelf mesenchyme" RELATED [VHOG:0001063]
xref: EHDAA2:0001366
xref: EHDAA:9287
xref: EMAPA:17364
xref: EMAPA:17932
xref: VHOG:0001063
is_a: UBERON:0003323 ! mesenchyme of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005619 ! secondary palatal shelf

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005705
name: primary palate mesenchyme
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001501
xref: EHDAA:6968
xref: EMAPA:17644
xref: EMAPA:17936
xref: VHOG:0001024
is_a: UBERON:0003323 ! mesenchyme of upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005620 ! primary palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005707
name: upper jaw incisor mesenchyme
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002123
is_a: UBERON:0003317 ! mesenchyme of incisor
is_a: UBERON:0003323 ! mesenchyme of upper jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0003317 ! mesenchyme of incisor
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005708
name: lower jaw incisor mesenchyme
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001023
is_a: UBERON:0003317 ! mesenchyme of incisor
is_a: UBERON:0003324 ! mesenchyme of lower jaw
intersection_of: UBERON:0003317 ! mesenchyme of incisor
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005709
name: upper jaw incisor epithelium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002122
is_a: UBERON:0003235 ! epithelium of upper jaw
is_a: UBERON:0003355 ! epithelium of incisor
intersection_of: UBERON:0003355 ! epithelium of incisor
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005710
name: lower jaw incisor epithelium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001022
is_a: UBERON:0003236 ! epithelium of lower jaw
is_a: UBERON:0003355 ! epithelium of incisor
intersection_of: UBERON:0003355 ! epithelium of incisor
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005744
name: cranial conduit
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves." [TAO:curator, Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull]
comment: AO notes: in FMA and ZFA this is a conduit space, not a conduit. Note there may be some additional disambiguation required: foramen is used loosely in the sense of any opening (e.g. foramen primum). FMA appears to use cranial conduit (undefined) in the sense of any foramen of the skull (includes mental foramen, which is not in the cranium proper).
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "foramen" BROAD [ZFA:0005386]
synonym: "foramen of skull" RELATED [Wikipedia:Foramina_of_the_skull]
xref: AAO:0010438
xref: FMA:53165
xref: SCTID:276742007
xref: TAO:0001736
xref: ZFA:0005386
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003129 ! skull

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005745
name: optic canal
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The short canal through the orbitosphenoid bone at the apex of the orbit that gives passage to the optic nerve and the opthalmic artery[MP]. The optic foramen is the opening to the optic canal. The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery (with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres) into the orbital cavity. The left and right optic canals are 25mm apart posteriorly and 30mm apart anteriorly. They are funnel-shaped (narrowest anteriorly)." [ISBN:0-683-40008-8, MP:0010704, Wikipedia:Optic_canal]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "canalis opticus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Optic_canal]
synonym: "canalis opticus, foramen opticum ossis sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Optic_canal]
synonym: "optic foramen" RELATED [Wikipedia:Optic_canal]
xref: AAO:0000342
xref: EHDAA:10646
xref: FMA:54774
xref: SCTID:361732009
xref: TAO:0002025
xref: VHOG:0001408
xref: ZFA:0005428
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005808
name: bone tissue of long bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:83117
xref: SCTID:425475006
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002495 ! long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002495 ! long bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005809
name: cortex of hand bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [HP:0005926]
is_a: UBERON:0001439 ! compact bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001439 ! compact bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005897 ! hand bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of hand
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005897 ! hand bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005810
name: cervical vertebra 1 anterior tubercle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: TODO - check: anterior vs ventral; arch vs transverse process
synonym: "anterior tubercle of atlas" EXACT [FMA:23991]
synonym: "atlas ventral tubercle" EXACT [MA:0002871]
synonym: "cervical vertebra 1 ventral tubercle" EXACT [MA:0002871]
synonym: "tubercle of anterior arch of atlas" EXACT [FMA:23991]
synonym: "tuberculum anterius (atlas)" EXACT [FMA:23991]
synonym: "ventral tubercle of atlas" EXACT [MP:0010731]
xref: FMA:23991
xref: MA:0002871
xref: SCTID:281224005
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005814 ! arch of atlas

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005814
name: arch of atlas
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [Wikipedia:Arch_of_the_atlas]
synonym: "atlas arch" EXACT [FMA:23975]
xref: FMA:23975
xref: SCTID:272708001
is_a: UBERON:0010358 ! arch of centrum of vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0010358 ! arch of centrum of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005815
name: anterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "anterior costal tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:24126]
synonym: "anterior tubercle of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:24126]
synonym: "tuberculum cervicales anterius vertebrae" EXACT [FMA:24126, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:24126
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005816
name: posterior tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "posterior costal tubercle of transverse process of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:24128]
synonym: "posterior tubercle of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:24128]
synonym: "tuberculum cervicales posterius vertebrae" EXACT [FMA:24128, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:24128
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005869
name: maxillary process of inferior nasal concha
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "From the lower border of the inferior nasal concha, a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus." [Wikipedia:Maxillary_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "maxillary process of inferior concha" EXACT [FMA:54741]
synonym: "maxillary process of inferior nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54741]
synonym: "maxillary process of inferior turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54741]
synonym: "p. maxillaris conchae nasalis inferioris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Maxillary_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "processus maxillaris (concha nasalis inferior)" EXACT [FMA:54741]
synonym: "processus maxillaris conchae nasalis inferioris" EXACT [FMA:54741, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:54741
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005922 ! inferior nasal concha

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005871
name: palatine process of maxilla
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The palatine process of the maxilla (palatal process), thick and strong, is horizontal and projects medialward from the nasal surface of the bone. It forms a considerable part of the floor of the nose and the roof of the mouth and is much thicker in front than behind. Its inferior surface is concave, rough and uneven, and forms, with the palatine process of the opposite bone, the anterior three-fourths of the hard palate. It is perforated by numerous foramina for the passage of the nutrient vessels; is channelled at the back part of its lateral border by a groove, sometimes a canal, for the transmission of the descending palatine vessels and the anterior palatine nerve from the spheno-palatine ganglion; and presents little depressions for the lodgement of the palatine glands. When the two maxillae are articulated, a funnel-shaped opening, the incisive foramen, is seen in the middle line, immediately behind the incisor teeth. In this opening the orifices of two lateral canals are visible; they are named the incisive canals or foramina of Stenson; through each of them passes the terminal branch of the descending palatine artery and the nasopalatine nerve. Occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal. On the under surface of the palatine process, a delicate linear suture, well seen in young skulls, may sometimes be noticed extending lateralward and forward on either side from the incisive foramen to the interval between the lateral incisor and the canine tooth. The small part in front of this suture constitutes the premaxilla (os incisivum), which in most vertebrates forms an independent bone; it includes the whole thickness of the alveolus, the corresponding part of the floor of the nose and the anterior nasal spine, and contains the sockets of the incisor teeth. The upper surface of the palatine process is concave from side to side, smooth, and forms the greater part of the floor of the nasal cavity. It presents, close to its medial margin, the upper orifice of the incisive canal. The lateral border of the process is incorporated with the rest of the bone. The medial border is thicker in front than behind, and is raised above into a ridge, the nasal crest, which, with the corresponding ridge of the opposite bone, forms a groove for the reception of the vomer. The front part of this ridge rises to a considerable height, and is named the incisor crest; it is prolonged forward into a sharp process, which forms, together with a similar process of the opposite bone, the anterior nasal spine. The posterior border is serrated for articulation with the horizontal part of the palatine bone." [Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla]
synonym: "palatal process" EXACT [Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla]
synonym: "palatine process" EXACT [Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla]
synonym: "processus palatinus (maxilla)" EXACT [FMA:52896]
synonym: "processus palatinus ossis maxillae, processus palatinus maxillae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palatine_process_of_maxilla]
xref: FMA:52896
xref: SCTID:368870009
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002397 ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005884
name: hyoid arch skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "pharyngeal arch 2 skeleton" EXACT [ZFA:0001276]
xref: AAO:0010370
xref: TAO:0001276
xref: XAO:0003177
xref: ZFA:0001276
is_a: UBERON:0008895 ! pharyngeal arch skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005886
name: pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "branchial arch skeleton" RELATED SENSU [XAO:0003180]
xref: TAO:0000095
xref: XAO:0003180
xref: ZFA:0000095
is_a: UBERON:0008895 ! pharyngeal arch skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 {source="XAO"} ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005893
name: leg bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of the region of the hindlimb that includes the zeugopod and stylopod. Examples: patella, femur, tibia. Counter-examples: any foot phalanx" [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0000670
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.500
is_a: UBERON:0003464 ! hindlimb bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005897
name: hand bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of the hand skeleton" [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0000619
xref: SCTID:265809008
is_a: UBERON:0008962 ! forelimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005899
name: foot bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of the foot skeleton" [UBERON:cjm]
xref: GAID:192
xref: MA:0000643
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.300
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Bone
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv5ridZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:361371005
is_a: UBERON:0003464 ! hindlimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005902
name: occipital region
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the cranium and forms the margin of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles." [TAO:0001414]
comment: TODO - check
synonym: "basicranial region" EXACT [ZFA:0001414]
synonym: "occipital part of head" EXACT [FMA:49187]
xref: AAO:0010199
xref: FMA:49187
xref: SCTID:362618001
xref: TAO:0001414
xref: XAO:0003173
xref: ZFA:0001414
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005913
name: zone of bone organ
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "bone organ zone" EXACT [FMA:10483]
xref: FMA:10483
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005919
name: supreme nasal concha
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a thin bony plate occasionally found projecting from the inner wall of the ethmoid labyrinth, above the bony superior nasal concha, and the mucous membrane covering the plate." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/supreme+nasal+concha]
synonym: "concha nasi suprema" EXACT [FMA:57457, FMA:TA]
synonym: "highest nasal concha" EXACT [FMA:57457]
synonym: "supreme nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57457]
synonym: "supreme turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57457]
xref: FMA:57457
xref: SCTID:361935003
is_a: UBERON:0003973 ! nasal concha of ethmoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005920
name: superior nasal concha
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate, the superior nasal concha. The bone found in superior nasal concha is part of the ethmoid bone." [Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "superior concha" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "superior nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57458]
synonym: "superior turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57458]
xref: FMA:57458
xref: SCTID:361934004
is_a: UBERON:0003973 ! nasal concha of ethmoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005921
name: middle nasal concha
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha. It is rough, and marked above by numerous grooves, directed nearly vertically downward from the cribriform plate; they lodge branches of the olfactory nerves, which are distributed to the mucous membrane covering the superior nasal concha." [Wikipedia:Middle_nasal_concha]
synonym: "middle concha" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_nasal_concha]
synonym: "middle nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57459]
synonym: "middle turbinate" EXACT [FMA:57459]
xref: FMA:57459
xref: SCTID:361933005
is_a: UBERON:0003973 ! nasal concha of ethmoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005922
name: inferior nasal concha
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The inferior nasal concha (Inferior Turbinated Bone) is one of the turbinates in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity [Fig. 1] and consists of a of spongy bone, curled upon itself like a scroll. Each inferior nasal concha is considered a facial pair of bones since they arise from the maxillae bones and projects horizontally into the nasal cavity. They are also termed 'inferior nasal turbinates' because they function similar to that of a turbine. As the air passes through the turbinates, the air is churned against these mucosa-lined bones in order to receive warmth, moisture and cleansing. Superior to inferior nasal concha are the middle nasal concha and superior nasal concha which arise from the cranial portion of the skull. Hence, these two are considered as a part of the cranial bones. It has two surfaces, two borders, and two extremities." [Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha]
comment: note that in FMA this is not classified with the other turbinates. In Uberon we subdivide the turbinates into the ethmoturbinates and the inferior turbinate. TODO: check ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha
synonym: "concha nasi inferior, concha nasalis inferior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "inferior concha" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "inferior nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54736]
synonym: "inferior turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54736]
synonym: "inferior turbinated" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_nasal_concha]
xref: FMA:54736
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Turbinate
xref: SCTID:361932000
is_a: UBERON:0001762 ! nasal concha
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0001682 {source="dbpedia"} ! palatine bone
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia"} ! maxilla
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006332 {source="ISBN10:1588903958"} ! nasal capsule
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005925
name: ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Behind the lacrimal process of the inferior nasal conchae lies a broad, thin plate, the ethmoidal process, which ascends to join the uncinate process of the ethmoid; from its lower border a thin lamina, the maxillary process, curves downward and lateralward; it articulates with the maxilla and forms a part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus." [Wikipedia:Ethmoid_boneal_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha]
synonym: "ethmoidal process of inferior concha" EXACT [FMA:54742]
synonym: "ethmoidal process of inferior nasal turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54742]
synonym: "ethmoidal process of inferior turbinate" EXACT [FMA:54742]
synonym: "processus ethmoidalis (concha nasalis inferior)" EXACT [FMA:54742]
synonym: "processus ethmoidalis conchae nasalis inferioris" EXACT [FMA:54742, FMA:TA]
synonym: "processus ethmoidalis conchae nasalis inferioris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ethmoidal_process_of_inferior_nasal_concha]
xref: FMA:54742
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005922 ! inferior nasal concha

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005944
name: axial skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Subdivision of skeleton which consists of skull, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA]." [FMA:71221, VSAO:0000056, Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton]
comment: note that in versions of FMA prior to v3, axial skeleton did _not_ include the skull
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "skeleton axiale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Axial_skeleton]
xref: AAO:0000963
xref: EMAPA:17214
xref: EMAPA:18043
xref: FMA:71221
xref: MA:0000308
xref: ncithesaurus:Axial_Skeleton
xref: SCTID:361725000
xref: VSAO:0000056
xref: XAO:0004011
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004288 ! skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0011137 ! axial skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005945
name: neurocranial trabecula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "neurocranial trabeculae" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001321]
synonym: "trabecula" BROAD SENSU [ZFA:0001321]
synonym: "trabecular cartilage" BROAD [ZFA:0001321]
xref: EFO:0003677
xref: TAO:0001321
xref: ZFA:0001321
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003112 ! olfactory region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005972
name: tunnel of Corti
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A triangular, fluid-filled space normally found between the inner and outer rows of supporting pillar cells in the organ of Corti." [MP:0003151]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002227 ! spiral organ of cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005980
name: pectinate muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the prominent ridges of atrial myocardium located on the inner surface of most of the right atrium and both the right and left auricular regions[MP]." [MP:0010496, Wikipedia:Musculi_pectinati]
synonym: "musculi pectinati" EXACT PLURAL [Wikipedia:Musculi_pectinati]
synonym: "musculi pectinati atrii dextri, musculi pectinati atrii sinistri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Musculi_pectinati]
synonym: "musculus pectinatus" EXACT [FMA:12226]
xref: FMA:12226
xref: SCTID:277718001
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002302 ! myocardium of atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005982
name: Bachmann's bundle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the impulse conduction tract that originates in the sinoatrial node and transmits signal to the left atrium" [MP:0010517, Wikipedia:Bachmann's_bundle]
synonym: "anterior interatrial band" EXACT [UBERON:gg]
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png/350px-ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="MP"} ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005986
name: left branch of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the anterior, septal and posterior divisions of the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle[FMA]. the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates at the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the left ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fiber[MP]." [FMA:9487, MP:0010566]
synonym: "crus sinistrum (fasciculi atrioventricularis)" EXACT [FMA:9487]
synonym: "left bundle branch" EXACT [MP:0010566]
synonym: "left bundle branch of bundle of His" EXACT [HP:0005172]
synonym: "left bundle of atrioventricular bundle" EXACT [MP:0010566]
synonym: "left crus of atrioventricular bundle" EXACT [MP:0010566]
synonym: "left posterior branch" EXACT [MP:0010566]
synonym: "left posterior bundle" EXACT [MP:0010566]
xref: FMA:9487
xref: SCTID:277690001
relationship: in_left_side_of UBERON:0002353 ! atrioventricular bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="FMA"} ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005987
name: right branch of atrioventricular bundle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of right ventricle  to reach the anterior papillary muscle and then subendocardially to the apex of the heart[FMA]. the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle that separates just below the bundle of His, descends the septal wall of the right ventricle and connects to the terminal Purkinje fibers[MP]." [FMA:9486, MP:0010567]
synonym: "crus dextrum (fasciculi atrioventricularis)" EXACT [FMA:9486]
synonym: "right bundle" EXACT [FMA:9486, MP:0010567]
synonym: "right bundle branch" EXACT [FMA:9486]
synonym: "right bundle branch of bundle of His" EXACT []
synonym: "right right crus of atrioventricular bundle" EXACT [MP:0010567]
synonym: "right ventricular bundle" EXACT [MP:0010567]
xref: FMA:9486
xref: SCTID:277689005
relationship: in_right_side_of UBERON:0002353 ! atrioventricular bundle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="FMA"} ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005988
name: atrium myocardial trabecula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atria" [MP:0010581]
synonym: "atrial trabecula" EXACT []
synonym: "atrium myocardial trabeculae" EXACT PLURAL [MP:0010581]
synonym: "trabecula of atrium" EXACT []
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002302 ! myocardium of atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005991
name: aortic valve anulus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the fibrous ring of the aortic valve that attaches the cusps of aortic valve to the wall of left ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the posterior, right anterior and left anterior cusps" [MP:0010598]
synonym: "anulus of aortic valve" EXACT [FMA:9502]
synonym: "aortic anulus" EXACT [FMA:9502]
synonym: "aortic valvar anulus" EXACT [FMA:9502]
synonym: "fibrous ring of aortic valve" EXACT [FMA:9502]
xref: FMA:9502
is_a: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005993
name: pulmonary valve anulus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the fibrous ring of the pulmonary valve that attaches the cusps of pulmonary valve to the wall of right ventricle, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior, right posterior and left posterior cusps" [MP:0010606]
synonym: "anulus of pulmonary valve" EXACT [FMA:9503]
synonym: "fibrous ring of pulmonary valve" EXACT [FMA:9503]
synonym: "pulmonary anulus" EXACT [FMA:9503]
synonym: "pulmonary valvar anulus" EXACT [FMA:9503]
xref: FMA:9503
is_a: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005995
name: mitral valve anulus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the fibrous ring of the mitral valve that attaches the cusps of mitral valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior and posterior cusps" [MP:0010613]
synonym: "anulus of mitral valve" EXACT [FMA:9498]
synonym: "fibrous ring of mitral valve" EXACT [FMA:9498]
synonym: "mitral anulus" EXACT [FMA:9498]
synonym: "mitral valvar anulus" EXACT [FMA:9498]
xref: FMA:9498
is_a: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0005997
name: tricuspid valve anulus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the fibrous ring of the tricuspid valve that attaches the cusps of tricuspid valve to the heart, and which consists of portions of the fibrous scallops of the anterior cusp (infundibular cusp), the posterior cusp (marginal cusp), and the septal cusp (medial cusp)" [MP:0010621]
synonym: "anulus of tricuspid valve" EXACT [FMA:9500]
synonym: "fibrous ring of tricuspid valve" EXACT [FMA:9500]
synonym: "tricuspid anulus" EXACT [FMA:9500]
synonym: "tricuspid valvar anulus" EXACT [FMA:9500]
xref: FMA:9500
is_a: UBERON:0006008 ! fibrous ring of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006006
name: metoptic pilar
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "posterior border of the optic nerve foramen." [MP:0010705]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005745 ! optic canal

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006008
name: fibrous ring of heart
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The right and left fibrous rings of heart (anulus fibrosus cordis) surround the atrioventricular and arterial orifices, and are stronger upon the left than on the right side of the heart. The right fibrous ring is known as the anulus fibrosus dexter cordis, and the left is known as the anulus fibrosus sinister cordis. The atrioventricular rings serve for the attachment of the muscular fibers of the atria and ventricles, and for the attachment of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves. The left atrioventricular ring is closely connected, by its right margin, with the aortic arterial ring; between these and the right atrioventricular ring is a triangular mass of fibrous tissue, the trigonum fibrosum, which represents the os cordis seen in the heart of some of the larger animals, as the ox and elephant. Lastly, there is the tendinous band, already referred to, the posterior surface of the conus arteriosus. The fibrous rings surrounding the arterial orifices serve for the attachment of the great vessels and semilunar valves, they are known as The aortic annulus. Each ring receives, by its ventricular margin, the attachment of some of the muscular fibers of the ventricles; its opposite margin presents three deep semicircular notches, to which the middle coat of the artery is firmly fixed. The attachment of the artery to its fibrous ring is strengthened by the external coat and serous membrane externally, and by the endocardium internally. From the margins of the semicircular notches the fibrous structure of the ring is continued into the segments of the valves. The middle coat of the artery in this situation is thin, and the vessel is dilated to form the sinuses of the aorta and pulmonary artery." [Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart]
synonym: "annulus fibrosus cordis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus cordis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus of heart" EXACT [FMA:9497]
synonym: "aortic annulus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart]
synonym: "coronary tendon" RELATED [BTO:0003628]
synonym: "fibrous ring of heart" RELATED [Wikipedia:Fibrous_rings_of_heart]
synonym: "Lower's ring" RELATED [BTO:0003628]
xref: BTO:0003628
xref: FMA:9497
is_a: UBERON:0006444 ! annulus fibrosus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006061
name: process of vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: todo review w.r.t cartilage vs bone
synonym: "vertebral process" EXACT [FMA:24530]
xref: FMA:24530
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006062
name: articular process of vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Paired processes at the cephalic and caudal ends of the neural arch. They function as interlocking structures between adjacent vertebrae, and limit dorsoventral flexion and lateral movement of the column in the trunk region[AAO]. The articular processes or zygapophyses of a vertebra, in human anatomy contain two superior and two inferior, spring from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae. These stick out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable. The superior processes project upward from a lower vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less backward. The inferior processes project downward from a higher vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less forward and outward. The articular surfaces are coated with hyaline cartilage." [AAO:Pugener_and_Maglia_2008, Wikipedia:Articular_processes]
comment: todo - class as endochondral bone, check species
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "articular process" BROAD [Wikipedia:Articular_processes]
synonym: "p. articularis inferior vertebrae, p. articularis superior vertebrae," RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Articular_processes]
synonym: "processus articularis (zygapophysis)" EXACT [FMA:11952]
synonym: "zygapophysis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Articular_processes]
xref: AAO:0000710
xref: FMA:11952
xref: SCTID:317570004
xref: TAO:0001549
xref: ZFA:0001603
is_a: UBERON:0006061 ! process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006063
name: cartilaginous neural arch
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "One of the cartilaginous structures surrounding the embryonic spinal cord, formed by the dorsal growth of the dorsolateral arcualia; it is the primordium of the vertebral arch." [BTO:0001763]
xref: BTO:0001763
is_a: UBERON:0010358 ! arch of centrum of vertebra
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006065
name: hemal arch
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Bony canal attached to the ventral surface or the vertebral centrum that encloses and protects the caudal artery and vein ventrally. The arch consists of right and left halves, which are fused ventrally to give a V- or Y-shape to the ventral aspect of the vertebra[AAO]. Hemal arches extend ventrally from the centra of caudal and transitional vertebrae to enclose the caudal artery and vein. In cyprinids, the hemal arch forms directly in membrane bone[ZFA]." [AAO:0000726, Wikipedia:Haemal_arch, ZFIN:curator]
comment: Taxon notes: fish, most reptiles, some birds, and some mammals with long tails.[WP]
synonym: "haemal arch" EXACT [AAO:0000726, ZFA:0000519]
synonym: "ventral arch" RELATED [AAO:0000726]
synonym: "ventral arcocentrum" EXACT [ZFA:0000519]
xref: AAO:0000726
xref: TAO:0000519
xref: ZFA:0000519
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
is_a: UBERON:0010358 ! arch of centrum of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006067
name: musculature of hindlimb zeugopod
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "leg musculature" EXACT [FMA:50211]
synonym: "muscle group of leg" EXACT [FMA:50211]
synonym: "set of muscles of leg" EXACT [FMA:50211]
xref: FMA:50211
is_a: UBERON:0004466 ! musculature of leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006068
name: bone of tail
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "tail bone" EXACT [MA:0000696]
xref: MA:0000696
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006070
name: coccygeal vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: todo - check why this is in MA as a separate class
synonym: "caudal vertebra" BROAD SENSU [FMA:12527]
synonym: "coccygea" RELATED [MA:0001420]
synonym: "coccygeal segment" EXACT []
synonym: "fused tail vertebra" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:12527
xref: galen:CoccygealVertebra
xref: MA:0001420
xref: ncithesaurus:Coccygeal_Vertebra
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rv9IEzZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: SCTID:361774004
is_a: UBERON:0001095 ! caudal vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001350 ! coccyx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006072
name: cervical region of vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "That portion of the spine comprising the cervical vertebrae. The neck area of the spine." [Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]
synonym: "cervical skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0000238]
synonym: "cervical spinal column" EXACT [FMA:24138]
synonym: "cervical spine" EXACT [FMA:24138]
synonym: "cervical vertebral column" EXACT [FMA:24138]
xref: AAO:0000092
xref: BTO:0004148
xref: EHDAA2:0000238
xref: EHDAA:5051
xref: EMAPA:17215
xref: FMA:24138
xref: ncithesaurus:Cervical_Spine
xref: SCTID:260488005
is_a: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006073
name: thoracic region of vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae." [Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]
synonym: "columna vertebralis thoracicus" EXACT [FMA:9140]
synonym: "thoracic skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002013]
synonym: "thoracic spine" EXACT [FMA:9140]
synonym: "thoracic vertebral column" EXACT [FMA:9140]
xref: AAO:0000612
xref: BTO:0004150
xref: EHDAA2:0002013
xref: EHDAA:5063
xref: EMAPA:17396
xref: FMA:9140
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Spine
xref: SCTID:243931006
is_a: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006074
name: lumbar region of vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "That portion of the spine comprising the lumbar vertebrae." [Medical_Dictionary:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/]
synonym: "lumbar skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001037]
synonym: "lumbar spine" EXACT [BTO:0004147]
synonym: "lumbar vertebral column" EXACT [FMA:16203]
xref: BTO:0004147
xref: EHDAA2:0001037
xref: EHDAA:5055
xref: EMAPA:17393
xref: FMA:16203
xref: GAID:31
xref: ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Spine
xref: SCTID:243932004
is_a: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006075
name: sacral region of vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "sacral skeleton" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001772]
xref: AAO:0000724
xref: EHDAA2:0001772
xref: EHDAA:5059
xref: EMAPA:17676
xref: GAID:32
is_a: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002090 ! postcranial axial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006076
name: caudal region of vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Region of the vertebral column posterior to the caudal-sacral region, that may consists of two or three to more than 100 vertebrae. These vertebrae exhibit a gradual reduction in the sizes of their transverse processes and zygapophyses, but these structures are never entirely absent. All caudal vertebrae bear haemal arches." [AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994]
synonym: "caudal region" RELATED [AAO:0000082]
synonym: "postsacral region" RELATED [AAO:0000082]
synonym: "tail region" RELATED [AAO:0000082]
xref: AAO:0000082
is_a: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006077
name: subdivision of vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "subdivision of vertebral skeleton" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "vertebral column subdivision" EXACT [FMA:16201]
xref: FMA:16201
is_a: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
intersection_of: UBERON:0000075 ! subdivision of skeletal system
intersection_of: subdivision_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005944 {source="FMA"} ! axial skeleton
relationship: subdivision_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006106
name: cochlear canal
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "cochlear canal" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2553]
synonym: "spiral canal of cochlea" EXACT [NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2553]
synonym: "wall of cochlea" EXACT [FMA:75371]
xref: FMA:75371
xref: NIF_GrossAnatomy:birnlex_2553
xref: SCTID:279779009
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006204
name: inguinal ligament
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. Its anatomy is very important for operating on hernia patients. It forms the base of the inguinal canal through which an indirect inguinal hernia may develop. The inguinal ligament runs from the anterior superior iliac spine of the ilium to the pubic tubercle of the pubic bone. It is formed by the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis and is continuous with the fascia lata of the thigh." [Wikipedia:Inguinal_ligament]
synonym: "fallopian ligament" EXACT DUBIOUS [FMA:19855, Wikipedia:Inguinal_ligament]
synonym: "Poupart's ligament" EXACT DUBIOUS [FMA:19855, Wikipedia:Inguinal_ligament]
synonym: "Vesalius' ligament" EXACT [FMA:19855]
xref: FMA:19855
xref: SCTID:361900000
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005442 ! external oblique

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006205
name: pectineal ligament
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: we include a disjointness axiom to avoid confusion that may arise from the synonyms 'ligamentum pectineale' and 'ligamentum pectinum'
synonym: "cooper's ligament (groin)" EXACT [FMA:20188]
synonym: "ligamentum pectineale" EXACT [FMA:20188]
xref: FMA:20188
xref: SCTID:256661003
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006204 ! inguinal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006213
name: carpus cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000221
xref: EHDAA:8544
xref: EMAPA:18102
xref: VHOG:0001123
is_a: UBERON:0010883 ! forelimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006214 ! carpus pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006214
name: carpus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000222
xref: EHDAA:6324
xref: EMAPA:17724
xref: VHOG:0000955
is_a: UBERON:0010884 ! forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006219
name: deltoid pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000340
xref: EHDAA:6002
xref: EMAPA:17749
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006228
name: exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000457
xref: EHDAA:8355
xref: EMAPA:18014
xref: VHOG:0000963
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001693 ! exoccipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EHDAA2"} ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006230
name: extrinsic ocular pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000483
xref: EHDAA:2925
xref: EMAPA:17845
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003269 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeletal muscle of eye

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006231
name: facial bones primordia
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000488
xref: EHDAA:9552
xref: EMAPA:18024
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006234
name: femur pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000508
xref: EMAPA:17502
xref: VHOG:0000951
is_a: UBERON:0010886 ! hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006239
name: future central tendon
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000593
xref: EHDAA:4118
xref: EMAPA:25035
is_a: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0006670 ! central tendon
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0006670 ! central tendon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006245
name: humerus cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000787
xref: EHDAA:6240
xref: EMAPA:17713
xref: VHOG:0001120
is_a: UBERON:0010883 ! forelimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006246 {source="EHDAA2"} ! humerus pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 {source="EHDAA2"} ! forelimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006246
name: humerus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000788
xref: EHDAA:4192
xref: EMAPA:17427
xref: VHOG:0000950
is_a: UBERON:0010884 ! forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 {source="EHDAA2"} ! forelimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006247
name: iliac pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000809
xref: EHDAA:9568
xref: EMAPA:18029
xref: VHOG:0001126
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006254
name: ischial cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000890
xref: EHDAA:9570
xref: EMAPA:26930
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006255 {source="EHDAA2"} ! ischial pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006255
name: ischial pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0000891
xref: EHDAA:7153
xref: EMAPA:18348
xref: VHOG:0000962
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006269
name: optic foramen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0001312
xref: EHDAA:10646
xref: EMAPA:18716
xref: VHOG:0001408
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006271
name: orbital fissure
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0001328
xref: EHDAA:10648
xref: EMAPA:18717
xref: SCTID:280546005
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006285
name: pubic pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0001574
xref: EHDAA:9572
xref: EMAPA:18349
xref: EMAPA:26928
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006286
name: radius cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001585
xref: EHDAA:7267
xref: EMAPA:18054
xref: VHOG:0001318
is_a: UBERON:0010883 ! forelimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006288
name: rib cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0001716
xref: EHDAA:8347
xref: EMAPA:17678
xref: VHOG:0001122
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006289 {source="EHDAA2"} ! rib pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006073 ! thoracic region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006289
name: rib pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0001717
xref: EHDAA:6026
xref: EMAPA:17397
xref: VHOG:0000681
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002228 ! rib
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006073 ! thoracic region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006290
name: scapula cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0001777
xref: EHDAA:8368
xref: EMAPA:18343
xref: VHOG:0001125
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006291 {source="EHDAA2"} ! scapula pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006291
name: scapula pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Development notes: the scapula has been shown to develop from multiple tissues, such as the dermomyotome of the somites, the mesodermal portion of the soma- topleure (a domain of the lateral plate mesoderm or LPM) and neural crest cell-derived mesenchyme (Huang et al., 2000; Matsuoka et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2005).[PMID:21455939]
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0001778
xref: EHDAA:6041
xref: EMAPA:18027
xref: VHOG:0000960
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006294
name: stapes pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: independent of the mesenchymal condensation that will form the otic capsule
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
synonym: "stapedial anlage" EXACT [doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00441.x]
xref: EHDAA2:0001910
xref: EHDAA:5699
xref: EMAPA:17827
xref: VHOG:0000956
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001686 {source="EHDAA2"} ! auditory ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006295
name: sternebral bone pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: emapa_ehdaa2
xref: EHDAA2:0001912
xref: EHDAA:9565
xref: EMAPA:18345
xref: VHOG:0000961
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006306
name: ulna cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002098
xref: EHDAA:7269
xref: EMAPA:18055
xref: VHOG:0001155
is_a: UBERON:0010883 ! forelimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006318
name: orbitalis muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An orbitalis muscle is a rudimentary nonstriated muscle (smooth muscle) that crosses from the infraorbital groove and sphenomaxillary fissure and intimately united with the periosteum of the orbit. It is often called Muller's muscle. One characteristic of Horner's Syndrome is enophthalmos (retraction of the eyeball into the orbit due to paralysis of the orbitalis muscle that spans the inferior orbital fissure). Its function is eyeball protrusion." [Wikipedia:Orbitalis_muscle]
comment: subclass of 'muscle layer' in FMA
synonym: "musculus orbitalis" EXACT [FMA:49034, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus orbitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Orbitalis_muscle]
synonym: "orbital muscle" EXACT [FMA:49034]
synonym: "orbital muscle of muller" EXACT [FMA:49034]
synonym: "orbitalis" EXACT [FMA:49034]
synonym: "orbitalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbitalis_muscle]
xref: FMA:49034
xref: MA:0001274
xref: ncithesaurus:Orbitalis_Muscle
xref: SCTID:368790005
is_a: UBERON:0003660 ! eyelid muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006320
name: inferior oblique extraocular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit." [Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes (via VHOG): "The ability to rotate the eyeball is common to all vertebrates with well-developed eyes, regardless of the habitat in which they live, so these [extrinsic ocular] muscles tend to be conservative. They change little during the course of evolution." Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective, Third Edition (2001) Orlando Fla.: Harcourt College Publishers, p.331
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "inferior oblique" EXACT [FMA:49040]
synonym: "inferior oblique muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus obliquus inferior bulbi" EXACT [Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "musculus obliquus inferior bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus inferior" EXACT [FMA:49040]
synonym: "obliquus oculi inferior" EXACT [Wikipedia:Inferior_oblique_muscle]
xref: FMA:49040
xref: MA:0001276
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Oblique_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181156006
xref: TAO:0000861
xref: VHOG:0001132
xref: ZFA:0000861
is_a: UBERON:0006532 {source="MA"} ! oblique extraocular muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001603 {notes="laterally onto the eyeball deep to the lateral rectus by a short flat tendon", source="dbpedia"} ! lateral rectus extra-ocular muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {notes="orbital surface of the maxilla lateral to the lacrimal groove", source="dbpedia"} ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006321
name: superior oblique extraocular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is downward, lateral rotation of the eye. One of the extraocular muscles, the superior oblique is the only muscle innervated by the trochlear nerve (the fourth cranial nerve)." [Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "M. obliquus superior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "musculus obliquus superior" EXACT [AAO:0010119]
synonym: "musculus obliquus superior bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus oculi superior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_oblique_muscle]
synonym: "obliquus superior" EXACT [FMA:49039]
synonym: "superior oblique" EXACT [FMA:49039]
synonym: "superior oblique muscle" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010119
xref: FMA:49039
xref: MA:0001277
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Oblique_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181155005
xref: TAO:0000738
xref: VHOG:0001131
xref: ZFA:0000738
is_a: UBERON:0006532 {source="MA"} ! oblique extraocular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006322
name: inferior rectus extraocular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a muscle in the orbit that depresses, adducts, and helps extort (rotate laterally) the eye. The inferior rectus muscle is the only muscle that is capable of depressing the pupil when it is in a fully abducted position." [Wikipedia:Inferior_rectus_muscle]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "inferior rectus" EXACT [FMA:49036]
synonym: "inferior rectus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus rectus inferior bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Inferior_rectus_muscle]
xref: FMA:49036
xref: MA:0001279
xref: ncithesaurus:Inferior_Rectus_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181154009
xref: TAO:0000457
xref: VHOG:0001130
xref: ZFA:0000457
is_a: UBERON:0006533 {source="MA"} ! rectus extraocular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006323
name: superior rectus extraocular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The superior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit. It is one of the extraocular muscles. It is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve (Cranial Nerve III). In the primary position (looking straight ahead), the superior rectus muscle's primary function is elevation, although it also contributes to intorsion and adduction." [Wikipedia:Superior_rectus_muscle]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "musculus rectus superior bulbi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_rectus_muscle]
synonym: "superior rectus" EXACT [FMA:49035]
synonym: "superior rectus muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:49035
xref: MA:0001282
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Rectus_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181153003
xref: TAO:0000345
xref: VHOG:0001128
xref: ZFA:0000345
is_a: UBERON:0006533 {source="MA"} ! rectus extraocular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006326
name: base of arytenoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "arytenoid cartilage base" EXACT [FMA:55349]
synonym: "base of arytenoid" EXACT [FMA:55349]
synonym: "base of arytenoid cartilage" EXACT [FMA:55349]
xref: FMA:55349
xref: MA:0001761
xref: SCTID:279532006
is_a: UBERON:0001994 ! hyaline cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003406 ! cartilage of respiratory system
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006327
name: laryngeal extrinsic muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "extrinsic muscle of larynx" EXACT [FMA:55225]
xref: FMA:55225
xref: MA:0001769
xref: SCTID:244808004
is_a: UBERON:0001568 ! muscle of larynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006328
name: laryngeal intrinsic muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "intrinsic muscle of larynx" EXACT [FMA:55226]
xref: FMA:55226
xref: MA:0001770
xref: SCTID:244810002
is_a: UBERON:0001568 ! muscle of larynx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006329
name: superior pharyngeal constrictor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a quadrilateral muscle, thinner and paler than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Superior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "constrictor muscle of pharynx superior" EXACT [FMA:46621]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis superior" EXACT [FMA:46621, FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "superior constrictor" EXACT [FMA:46621]
synonym: "superior constrictor muscle" EXACT [ncithesaurus:Superior_Constrictor_Muscle]
synonym: "superior constrictor of pharynx" EXACT [FMA:46621]
synonym: "superior constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:46621]
xref: EMAPA:18966
xref: FMA:46621
xref: MA:0002280
xref: ncithesaurus:Superior_Constrictor_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244800006
is_a: UBERON:0001569 ! constrictor muscle of pharynx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004527 {source="dbpedia"} ! alveolar process of maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006332
name: nasal capsule
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "an embryonic cartilaginous frame, the nasal capsule, an evolutionary-conserved structure composed of ventral and dorsal components: the mesethmoid and ectethmoid cartilages, respectively.[PMID]." [PMID:21270050]
comment: Taxon notes: In avians, the mesethmoid supports upper beak formation, whereas the ectethmoid comprises elements of the olfactory system, including the lamina cribosa, the crista galli apophysis and the conchae. Editor's note - consider splitting this class. Developing cartilage in mammals? Connective tissue sheath in TAO. Structure that has both respiratory and olfactory functions and lies anterior to the braincase, in the foremost section of the cranium[AAO]. Cartilaginous envelope containing the nasal organ[FishBase] Multi-tissue structure composed of connective tissue that surrounds, the internal portions of the olfactory epithelium[ZFA]. Avian def: The nasal capsule is dorsoventrally divided into two parts: the upper part, the ectethmoid, serves olfaction and is composed of the lamina cribosa, the crista galli apophysis and the conchae. The lower part, the mesethmoid, is a thick cartilage bar extending from the corpus sphenoidalis to the rostral extremity of the nose (Fig. 1A-B?). In the avian embryo, the mesethmoid constitutes the cartilage primordium of the upper beak
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cartilaginous nasal capsule" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000313
xref: EMAPA:17852
xref: MA:0000283
xref: TAO:0002035
xref: ZFA:0005507
is_a: UBERON:0001823 ! nasal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006428
name: basisphenoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral ossification of the ventromedial portion of the braincase." [AAO:0000040]
synonym: "basisphenoid" EXACT [AAO:0000040]
xref: AAO:0000040
xref: EMAPA:18706
xref: MA:0001463
xref: SCTID:95945003
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009194 {source="cjm"} ! basisphenoid cartilage condenstion
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 ! sphenoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006430
name: xiphoid cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: uberon_slim
synonym: "cartilage of xiphoid process" EXACT [FMA:32574]
synonym: "ensiform cartilage" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
synonym: "xiphoid cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "xiphoid process cartilage" EXACT [FMA:32574]
xref: AAO:0000940
xref: EMAPA:18725
xref: FMA:32574
xref: MA:0001884
is_a: UBERON:0000398 ! sternal cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0002236 ! costal cartilage
intersection_of: UBERON:0002236 ! costal cartilage
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002207 ! xiphoid process
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002207 ! xiphoid process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006431
name: xiphoid process bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "bone tissue of xiphoid process" EXACT [FMA:32577]
synonym: "xiphoid bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphoid_process]
xref: FMA:32577
xref: GAID:248
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002207 ! xiphoid process
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002207 ! xiphoid process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006435
name: os penis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a bone found in the penis of most mammals. It is absent in humans, but present in other primates, such as the closely-related chimpanzee. The bone aids in sexual intercourse[WP]." [Wikipedia:Baculum]
synonym: "baculum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Baculum]
synonym: "penile bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Baculum]
synonym: "penis bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Baculum]
xref: EMAPA:29769
xref: MA:0000406
xref: SCTID:27962002
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:9606
is_a: UBERON:0007719 ! os penis/os clitoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006440
name: os clitoris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "baubellum" EXACT [Wikipedia:Baculum]
synonym: "os clitoridis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Baculum]
xref: EMAPA:30823
xref: MA:0000387
is_a: UBERON:0007719 ! os penis/os clitoris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006444
name: annulus fibrosus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue (as of an intervertebral disk or surrounding an orifice of the heart)." [BTO:0003627]
synonym: "anulus fibrosus" EXACT [FMA:76704]
synonym: "fibrous ring" RELATED [BTO:0003627]
xref: BTO:0003627
xref: FMA:76704
is_a: UBERON:0001995 ! fibrocartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006494
name: apex of arytenoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "apex of arytenoid cartilage" EXACT [FMA:55348]
synonym: "arytenoid cartilage apex" EXACT [FMA:55348]
xref: FMA:55348
xref: MA:0001760
xref: SCTID:279534007
is_a: UBERON:0001996 ! elastic cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0003406 ! cartilage of respiratory system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006495
name: osseus cochlear canal
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "osseous cochlear canal" EXACT [FMA:75666]
xref: FMA:75666
xref: MA:0001183
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006497
name: foot interosseus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "foot interosseous" EXACT [FMA:37456]
synonym: "interosseous of foot" EXACT [FMA:37456]
xref: FMA:37456
xref: MA:0002302
xref: ncithesaurus:Foot_Interosseous_Muscle
xref: SCTID:181714004
is_a: UBERON:0001498 ! muscle of foot
is_a: UBERON:0006508 ! interosseus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006499
name: dorsal foot interosseus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In human anatomy, the dorsal interossei of the foot are four muscles situated between the metatarsal bones." [Wikipedia:Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot]
synonym: "dorsal interosseous of foot" EXACT [FMA:37457]
synonym: "musculi interossei dorsalis pedis" EXACT []
synonym: "musculi interossei dorsalis pedis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Dorsal_interossei_of_the_foot]
xref: FMA:37457
xref: MA:0002303
xref: ncithesaurus:Dorsal_Foot_Interosseous_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006497 ! foot interosseus muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0006502 {source="dbpedia"} ! plantar foot interosseus muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004302 {source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006502
name: plantar foot interosseus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The plantar interossei, three in number, lie beneath rather than between the metatarsal bones, and each is connected with but one metatarsal bone. They arise from the bases and medial sides of the bodies of the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones, and are inserted into the medial sides of the bases of the first phalanges of the same toes, and into the aponeuroses of the tendons of the Extensor digitorum longus." [Wikipedia:Plantar_interossei_muscles]
synonym: "musculi interossei plantares" EXACT []
synonym: "musculi interosseus plantaris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Plantar_interossei_muscles]
synonym: "plantar interosseous of foot" EXACT [FMA:37458]
xref: FMA:37458
xref: MA:0002304
xref: ncithesaurus:Plantar_Foot_Interosseus_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006497 ! foot interosseus muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0006499 {source="dbpedia"} ! dorsal foot interosseus muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004302 {source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006505
name: palmar hand interosseus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The palmar interossei (interossei volares) are small muscles in the hand that lie on the anterior aspect of the metacarpals. They are smaller than the dorsal interossei of the hand, which lie between the metacarpals" [Wikipedia:Palmar_interossei_muscles]
synonym: "musculi interossei palmares" EXACT []
synonym: "musculi interossei palmares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palmar_interossei_muscles]
synonym: "palmar interosseous of hand" EXACT [FMA:37419]
xref: FMA:37419
xref: MA:0002315
xref: ncithesaurus:Palmar_Hand_Interosseus_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001502 ! interosseous muscle of hand
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004302 {source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010544 {source="dbpedia"} ! metacarpus skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006508
name: interosseus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0003661 ! limb muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006531
name: oculomotor muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris." [MESH:A.02.633.567.700]
comment: we follow MA in making this a subckass of extra-ocular muscle but the distinction is not clear
xref: MA:0002432
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.700
xref: ncithesaurus:Oculomotor_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001601 {source="MA"} ! extra-ocular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006532
name: oblique extraocular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0001275
is_a: UBERON:0006531 ! oculomotor muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006533
name: rectus extraocular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0001278
is_a: UBERON:0006531 ! oculomotor muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006563
name: tunica media of pulmonary trunk
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Tunica media of artery which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle.[FMA]" [FMA:85030, FMA:FMA]
xref: FMA:85030
is_a: UBERON:0002522 ! tunica media

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006566
name: left ventricle myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta.[FMA]" [FMA:9558, FMA:FMA]
synonym: "Left ventricular myocardium" EXACT [FMA:9558]
synonym: "myocardium of left ventricle" EXACT [FMA:9558]
xref: FMA:9558
xref: MA:0002983
xref: SCTID:362021000
is_a: UBERON:0001083 ! myocardium of ventricle
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0003618 ! aorta tunica media

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006567
name: right ventricle myocardium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Myocardium of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk.[FMA]" [FMA:9535, FMA:FMA]
synonym: "myocardium of right ventricle" EXACT [FMA:9535]
synonym: "Right ventricular myocardium" EXACT [FMA:9535]
xref: FMA:9535
xref: MA:0002984
xref: SCTID:362020004
is_a: UBERON:0001083 ! myocardium of ventricle
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0006563 ! tunica media of pulmonary trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006581
name: mantle muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: BTO:0000827
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006597
name: quadrate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The quadrate is the dorsal bone in the jaw joint with the anguloarticular of the lower jaw. Ossification of the quadrate, a cartilage bone, begins as a posteriorly projecting membranous spine between the symplectic cartilage and the preopercle (5.1 mm NL). The body of the quadrate ossifies first at the ball-and-socket articulation with the anguloarticular (6.5 mm). The adult quadrate is shaped roughly like an inverted triangle with a long, posteriorly projecting spine off its posteroventral edge. The presence of a posteroventral or posterior process of the quadrate is a synapomorphy of Teleostei." [ZFA:0000621]
comment: In snakes, the quadrate bone has become elongated and very mobile, and contributes greatly to their ability to swallow very large prey items. In mammals the articular and quadrate bones have migrated to the middle ear and are known as the malleus and incus. In fact, paleontologists regard this modification as the defining characteristic of mammalian hearing structures.[1] This migration was first described by Reichert in 1837. In pig embryos he discovered that the mandible ossifies on the side of Meckel's cartilage, while the posterior part of that cartilage is ossified and then detaches from the rest of the cartilage to enter the middle ear where it becomes the malleus
synonym: "quadrate - incus" BROAD [VHOG:0000689]
synonym: "quadrate bone" EXACT [AAO:0000525]
xref: AAO:0000525
xref: EFO:0003547
xref: TAO:0000621
xref: VHOG:0000689
xref: ZFA:0000621
property_value: "homologous_to" UBERON:0001688
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:40674
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004752 ! palatoquadrate cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001709 ! upper jaw
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003108 ! suspensorium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006604
name: lamina orbitonasalis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Cranial cartilage which is bilaterally paired and develops as a dorsal plate-like projection of the anterolateral ethmoid plate, which are oriented perpendicular to the ethmoid plate. It fuses dorsally to the taenia marginalis anterior, and it joins the ethmoid cartilage medially." [ZFA:0001503]
synonym: "laminas orbitonasalis" EXACT [ZFA:0001503]
xref: AAO:0000262
xref: TAO:0001503
xref: ZFA:0001503
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006605
name: tectum synoticum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Unpaired thin dorsal sheet of cartilage that partially covers the posterior chondrocranium." [ZFA:0001506]
xref: AAO:0000602
xref: AAO:0010129
xref: TAO:0001506
xref: ZFA:0001506
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 ! neurocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006606
name: mandibular symphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Joint that articulates the left and right dentary bones. Mandibular symphysis is unpaired[TAO]. The external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the symphysis menti, mandibular symphysis, or line of junction of the two pieces of which the bone is composed at an early period of life. This ridge divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. It serves as the origin for the Geniohyoid and the Genioglossus[WP]" [Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti, ZFA:0005488]
comment: todo - check
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "mental symphysis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti]
synonym: "symphysis mandibulae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Symphysis_menti]
synonym: "symphysis menti" EXACT [MA:0001490]
xref: AAO:0000277
xref: FMA:75779
xref: MA:0001490
xref: TAO:0001851
xref: ZFA:0005488
is_a: UBERON:0002213 ! cartilaginous joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 {source="MA"} ! mandible
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006614
name: aponeurosis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Aponeuroses are layers of flat broad tendons. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, and are histologically similar to tendons, but are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. When dissected, aponeuroses are papery, and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeurosis is in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal lumbar region, and in the palmar region. Their primary function is to join muscles and the body parts the muscles act upon." [Wikipedia:Aponeurosis]
synonym: "aponeuroses" RELATED PLURAL [Wikipedia:Aponeurosis]
synonym: "aponeurotic" RELATED [Wikipedia:Aponeurosis]
xref: AEO:0000092
xref: EHDAA2:0003092
xref: FMA:9722
xref: ncithesaurus:Aponeurosis
xref: SCTID:331712004
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006633
name: coracoid process
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The coracoid process is a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula. Pointing laterally forward, it, together with the acromion, serves to stabilize the shoulder joint. It is palpable in the deltopectoral groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles. It is the site of attachment for several structures: * The pectoralis minor muscle - to 3rd to 5th ribs. * The short head of biceps brachii muscle - to Radial tuberosity. * The coracobrachialis muscle - to medial humerus. * The coracoclavicular ligament - to the clavicle. (The ligament is formed by the conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament.) * The coracoacromial ligament - to the acromion[WP]." [Wikipedia:Coracoid_process]
synonym: "coracoid process of scapula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Coracoid_process]
synonym: "coracoid process of the scapula" RELATED [Wikipedia:Coracoid_process]
synonym: "processus coracoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coracoid_process]
xref: EMAPA:25121
xref: FMA:13455
xref: SCTID:181912007
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 {source="FMA", source="EMAPA"} ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006642
name: muscle layer of oviduct
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "Muscle layer of fallopian tube" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "Muscle layer of oviduct" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "Muscular coat of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "Muscular layer of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "Muscularis of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "Tunica muscularis (Tuba uterina)" EXACT [FMA:18318]
synonym: "tunica muscularis tubae uterinae" EXACT [FMA:18318, FMA:TA]
synonym: "Uterine tubal muscularis" EXACT [FMA:18318]
xref: EMAPA:29046
xref: FMA:18318
is_a: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006646
name: muscle layer of epididymis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:30447
xref: EMAPA:30747
xref: FMA:19149
is_a: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006652
name: muscular layer of vagina
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "Muscular coat of vagina" EXACT [FMA:19976]
synonym: "tunica muscularis vaginae" EXACT [FMA:19976, FMA:TA]
xref: EMAPA:30997
xref: FMA:19976
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006658
name: inter-phalangeal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "interphalangeal joint" EXACT [galen:InterphalangealJoint]
xref: FMA:42765
xref: galen:InterphalangealJoint
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0003221 {cardinality="2"} ! phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006659
name: cruciate ligament of knee
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "One of a pair of ligaments arranged like a letter X.[1] They occur in several joints of the body, such as the knee. In a fashion similar to the cords in a toy Jacob's ladder, the crossed ligaments stabilize the joint while allowing a very large range of motion[WP]." [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament]
synonym: "cruciate ligament" BROAD [FMA:44611]
synonym: "cruciform ligament" BROAD [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament]
xref: FMA:44611
xref: galen:CruciateLigament
is_a: UBERON:0011088 ! ligament of knee joint
disjoint_from: UBERON:0011106 ! cruciate ligament of atlas
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001485 {source="FMA"} ! knee joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006660
name: muscle layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: TODO - add subclasses. See also: muscular coat
synonym: "muscular layer" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "muscularis layer" EXACT [FMA:45634]
xref: EMAPA:29034
xref: FMA:45634
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscle_Layer
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006661
name: epicranial aponeurosis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis, aponeurosis epicranialis) is a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue which covers the upper part of the cranium; behind, it is attached, in the interval between its union with the Occipitales, to the external occipital protuberance and highest nuchal lines of the occipital bone; in front, it forms a short and narrow prolongation between its union with the Frontales. On either side it gives origin to the Auriculares anterior and superior; in this situation it loses its aponeurotic character, and is continued over the temporal fascia to the zygomatic arch as a layer of laminated areolar tissue. It is closely connected to the integument by the firm, dense, fibro-fatty layer which forms the superficial fascia of the scalp: it is attached to the pericranium by loose cellular tissue, which allows the aponeurosis, carrying with it the integument to move through a considerable distance." [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
synonym: "aponeurosis epicranialis" EXACT [FMA:46768, FMA:TA]
synonym: "cranial aponeurosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
synonym: "Epicranial aponeurosis" EXACT [FMA:46768]
synonym: "epicranial aponeurosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
synonym: "Epicranius aponeurosis" EXACT [FMA:46768]
synonym: "galea aponeurosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
synonym: "Galea aponeurotica" EXACT [FMA:46768]
synonym: "galea aponeurotica; aponeurosis epicranialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
synonym: "galeal aponeurosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Galea_aponeurotica]
xref: EMAPA:19210
xref: FMA:46768
xref: SCTID:368677009
is_a: UBERON:0006614 ! aponeurosis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006667
name: pituitary fossa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "hypophyseal fossa" EXACT [FMA:54721]
synonym: "pituitary fossa" EXACT [FMA:54721]
xref: EMAPA:19195
xref: FMA:54721
xref: SCTID:264194004
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003689 ! sella turcica

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006668
name: carotid canal
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "On the interior surface of the temporal bone, behind the rough surface of the apex, is the large circular aperture of the carotid canal, which ascends at first vertically, and then, making a bend, runs horizontally forward and medialward. It transmits into the cranium, the internal carotid artery, and the carotid plexus of nerves. Sympathetics to the head also pass through the carotid canal. They have several motor functions: raise the eyelid (superior tarsal muscle), dilate pupil, innervate sweat glands of face and scalp and constricts blood vessels in head[WP]." [Wikipedia:Carotid_canal]
synonym: "canalis caroticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Carotid_canal]
xref: EMAPA:18707
xref: FMA:55805
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006669
name: alveolar canal
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The infratemporal surface of the maxilla is pierced about its center by the apertures of the alveolar canals, which transmit the posterior superior alveolar vessels and nerves[WP]." [Wikipedia:Alveolar_canals]
synonym: "canales alveolares maxillae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Alveolar_canals]
xref: EMAPA:25099
xref: FMA:57743
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 {source="EMAPA"} ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006670
name: central tendon
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "central tendon of diaphragm" EXACT [FMA:58279]
synonym: "centrum tendineum" EXACT [FMA:58279]
synonym: "centrum tendineum diaphragmatis" EXACT [FMA:58279, FMA:TA]
xref: EMAPA:17702
xref: FMA:58279
xref: ncithesaurus:Central_Tendon_of_the_Diaphragm
xref: SCTID:244943002
xref: VHOG:0001399
is_a: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006239 {evidence="definitional"} ! future central tendon

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006672
name: incisive canal
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:19034
xref: FMA:59107
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006673
name: mandibular canal
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:19161
xref: FMA:59473
xref: SCTID:368876003
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006674
name: inguinal ring
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:19172
xref: EMAPA:29307
xref: FMA:65075
xref: SCTID:278830004
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006204 ! inguinal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006676
name: muscularis mucosa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The lamina muscularis mucosae (or muscularis mucosa) is the thin layer of smooth muscle found in most parts of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria mucosae and separating it from the submucosa. In the gastrointestinal tract, the term mucosa or \"mucous membrane\" refers to the combination of epithelium, lamina propria, and (where it occurs) muscularis mucosa. The etymology suggests this since the Latin names translate to \"the mucosa's own special layer\" (lamina propria mucosae) and \"muscular layer of the mucosa\" (lamina muscularis mucosae). The muscularis mucosa is composed of several thin layers of smooth muscle fibers oriented in different ways which keeps the mucosal surface and underlying glands in a constant state of gentle agitation to expel contents of glandular crypts and enhance contact between epithelium and the contents of the lumen." [Wikipedia:Muscularis_mucosae]
synonym: "laminar muscularis mucosa" RELATED [Wikipedia:Muscularis_mucosae]
synonym: "muscularis mucosae" EXACT [FMA:68413]
xref: BTO:0004839
xref: FMA:68413
xref: galen:MuscularisMucosae
xref: ncithesaurus:Muscularis_Mucosa
xref: SCTID:370140002
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006679
name: carina tracheae
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In anatomy, the carina is a cartilaginous ridge within the trachea that runs anteroposteriorly between the two primary bronchi at the site of the tracheal bifurcation at the lower end of the trachea (usually at the level of the 4th to 5th thoracic vertebrae). The mucous membrane of the carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea and larynx for triggering a cough reflex. Widening and distortion of the carina is a serious sign because it usually indicates carcinoma of the lymph nodes around the region where the trachea divides. Tracheobronchial injury, an injury to the airways, occurs within 2.5 cm of the carina 40b80% of the time." [Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea]
synonym: "bifurcation of the trachea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea]
synonym: "Carina" EXACT [FMA:7465]
synonym: "carina %28anatomy%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea]
synonym: "carina of trachea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea]
synonym: "carina tracheae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Carina_of_trachea]
synonym: "Tracheal carina" EXACT [FMA:7465]
xref: EMAPA:18407
xref: FMA:7465
xref: ncithesaurus:Carina
xref: SCTID:181214003
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006680
name: trachealis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A smooth muscle tissue that bridges the gap between free ends of C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent to the esophagus. A primary function of the trachealis is to constrict the windpipe, allowing for higher velocity of air in the windpipe during coughing[WP, modified]." [Wikipedia:Trachealis_muscle]
synonym: "tracheal muscle" EXACT [FMA:7466]
synonym: "trachealis muscle" EXACT [FMA:7466]
xref: EMAPA:19193
xref: FMA:7466
is_a: UBERON:0003387 ! smooth muscle of trachea
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003387 ! smooth muscle of trachea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006683
name: posterior fontanelle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:19200
xref: FMA:75440
is_a: UBERON:0002221 ! fontanelle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006684
name: sphenoidal fontanelle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:19229
xref: FMA:75441
is_a: UBERON:0002221 ! fontanelle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006686
name: spinal vein
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "Spinal vein" EXACT [FMA:76735]
synonym: "vena spinalis" EXACT [FMA:76735, FMA:TA]
xref: EMAPA:18255
xref: FMA:76735
xref: SCTID:181376008
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006692
name: vertebral canal
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The spinal canal (or vertebral canal or spinal cavity) is the space in vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity. This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae. In the intervertebral spaces, the canal is protected by the ligamentum flavum posteriorly and the posterior longitudinal ligament anteriorly. The outermost layer of the meninges, the dura mater, is closely associated with the arachnoid which in turn is loosely connected to the innermost layer of the meninges, the pia mater. The meninges divide the spinal canal into the epidural space and the subarachnoid space. The pia mater is closely attached to the spinal cord. A subdural space is generally only present due to trauma and/or pathological situations. The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains the vessels that supply the spinal cord, namely the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries, accompanied by a corresponding spinal veins. The spinal arteries form anastomoses known as the vasocorona of the spinal cord. The epidural space contains loose fatty tissue, and a network of large, thin-walled blood vessels called the anterior vertebral venous plexus and the posterior vertebral venous plexus The spinal canal was first described by Jean Fernel." [Wikipedia:Spinal_canal]
comment: todo - check neural vs vertebral cabal
synonym: "c. vertebralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spinal_canal]
synonym: "foramen vertebrale" RELATED [AAO:0000693]
synonym: "neural canal" RELATED [AAO:0000693]
synonym: "spinal canal" RELATED [AAO:0000693]
synonym: "spinal cavity" RELATED [Wikipedia:Spinal_canal]
synonym: "vertebral canal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Spinal_canal]
xref: AAO:0000693
xref: EMAPA:25440
xref: EMAPA:25448
xref: EMAPA:25456
xref: EMAPA:25464
xref: EMAPA:25472
xref: EMAPA:25480
xref: EMAPA:25488
xref: EMAPA:25496
xref: EMAPA:25504
xref: EMAPA:25512
xref: EMAPA:25520
xref: EMAPA:25528
xref: EMAPA:25536
xref: EMAPA:25544
xref: EMAPA:25552
xref: EMAPA:25560
xref: EMAPA:25568
xref: EMAPA:25576
xref: EMAPA:25584
xref: EMAPA:25592
xref: EMAPA:25600
xref: EMAPA:25608
xref: EMAPA:25616
xref: EMAPA:25624
xref: EMAPA:25632
xref: EMAPA:25640
xref: EMAPA:25648
xref: EMAPA:25656
xref: EMAPA:25664
xref: EMAPA:25672
xref: EMAPA:25680
xref: EMAPA:25688
xref: EMAPA:25731
xref: EMAPA:25738
xref: EMAPA:25745
xref: EMAPA:25752
xref: EMAPA:25759
xref: EMAPA:26521
xref: EMAPA:26537
xref: FMA:9680
xref: GAID:242
xref: ncithesaurus:Vertebral_Canal
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006713
name: foramen cecum of frontal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The frontal crest of the frontal bone ends below in a small notch which is converted into a foramen, the foramen cecum, by articulation with the ethmoid. This foramen varies in size in different subjects, and is frequently impervious; when open, it transmits a vein from the nose to the superior sagittal sinus. This has clinical importance in that infections of the nose and nearby areas can be transmitted to the meninges and brain from what is known as the danger triangle of the face." [Wikipedia:Foramen_cecum_%28frontal_bone%29]
comment: todo - check if this is what the FMA ID really denotes
synonym: "f. caecum ossis frontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Foramen_cecum_%28frontal_bone%29]
xref: FMA:57443
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006714
name: tibiofibula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Paired, endochondral bones formed by the fusion of the tibia and fibula. They form the shanks, extending from the knees to the ankles." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007]
synonym: "os cruris" RELATED [AAO:0000902]
synonym: "tibia-fibula" EXACT [XAO:0003213]
synonym: "tibiofibula" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000902
xref: XAO:0003213
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0000979
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0001446
is_a: UBERON:0004251 ! lower leg bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010720 {source="AAO"} ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006715
name: radio-ulna
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna." [AAO:Maglia_et_al_2007]
synonym: "radioulna" EXACT [XAO:0003209]
synonym: "radius-ulna" EXACT [XAO:0003209]
xref: AAO:0000901
xref: XAO:0003209
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0001423
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0001424
is_a: UBERON:0003466 ! lower arm bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010848 ! radius-ulna cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 {source="VSAO"} ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006717
name: skeleton of autopod
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group
synonym: "autopod skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "autopodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005019, VSAO:NI]
xref: VSAO:0005019
is_a: UBERON:0010712 ! limb skeleton subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004381 ! skeleton of limb

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006718
name: medial pterygoid muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The medial pterygoid (or internal pterygoid muscle), is a thick, quadrilateral muscle of mastication. The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle." [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "internal pterygoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "internal pterygoid muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "medial pteregoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus pterygoideus medialis, musculus pterygoideus internus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoid medialis" EXACT [MA:0002361]
synonym: "pterygoidei internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus medial" EXACT [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus medialis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Medial_pterygoid_muscle]
xref: FMA:49011
xref: MA:0002361
xref: ncithesaurus:Internal_Pterygoid_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244771003
is_a: UBERON:0006720 ! pterygoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001684 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial angle of the mandible"} ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006719
name: lateral pterygoid muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The lateral pterygoid (or external pterygoid) is a muscle of mastication with two heads." [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "external pterygoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral pteregoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral pteregoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral pterygoid" EXACT [FMA:49015]
synonym: "lateral pterygoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "m. pterygoideus lateralis, m. pterygoideus externus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus pterygoides lateralis" EXACT [FMA:49015]
synonym: "pterygoid lateralis" EXACT [MA:0002360]
synonym: "pterygoideus externus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus externus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus lateral" EXACT [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
synonym: "pterygoideus lateral muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Lateral_pterygoid_muscle]
xref: EMAPA:25140
xref: FMA:49015
xref: MA:0002360
xref: ncithesaurus:External_Pterygoid_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244772005
is_a: UBERON:0006720 ! pterygoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001677 {source="dbpedia", notes="Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate"} ! sphenoid bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004649 {source="dbpedia", notes="Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate"} ! sphenoid bone pterygoid process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006720
name: pterygoid muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:25139
xref: GAID:147
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.600.700
xref: SCTID:244770002
is_a: UBERON:0003681 ! masticatory muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006721
name: alisphenoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or alisphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone; there is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backwards" [Wikipedia:Greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: The alisphenoid in mammals is part cartilage bone, part membrane bone[PMC1231738] In many mammals, e.g. the dog, the greater wing of the sphenoid bone stays through life a separate bone called the alisphenoid[WP]
synonym: "ala major (os sphenoidale)" EXACT [FMA:52868]
synonym: "ala major ossis sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "alisphenoid bone" EXACT SENSU [MA:0002772]
synonym: "greater wing of sphenoid bone" RELATED [MA:0002772]
synonym: "greater wing of sphenoidal bone" EXACT [FMA:52868]
xref: FMA:52868
xref: MA:0002772
xref: SCTID:361298007
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 {source="MA"} ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009637 {source="ISBN10:1588903958"} ! alisphenoid ossification center
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010733 ! alisphenoid cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 {source="MA"} ! sphenoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006722
name: manubrium of malleus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The handle of the malleus; the portion that extends downward, inward, and backward from the neck of the malleus; it is embedded throughout its length in the tympanic membrane." [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?manubrium+of+malleus]
synonym: "handle of malleus" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "malleal manubrium" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "malleus handle" EXACT [FMA:52760]
synonym: "malleus handle" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "malleus manubrium" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "manubrium mallei" RELATED [MA:0002985]
synonym: "manubrium of malleus" EXACT [FMA:52760]
synonym: "manubrium of malleus" RELATED [MA:0002985]
xref: FMA:52760
xref: MA:0002985
xref: SCTID:264091009
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001689 ! malleus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006723
name: cochlear modiolus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The modiolus is a conical shaped central axis in the cochlea. The Modiolus consists of spongy bone and the cochlea turns approximately 2.75 times around the modiolus The spiral ganglion is situated inside the bony modiolus." [Wikipedia:Modiolus_%28cochlea%29]
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "cochlea modiolus" EXACT [FMA:61278]
synonym: "columella cochleae" RELATED [BTO:0001693]
synonym: "modiolus" BROAD [MA:0001182]
synonym: "modiolus of cochlea" EXACT [FMA:61278]
xref: BTO:0001693
xref: FMA:61278
xref: MA:0001182
xref: ncithesaurus:Modiolus
xref: SCTID:361314007
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006724
name: osseus spiral lamina
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "lamina modioli cochleae" EXACT [FMA:77710, FMA:TA]
synonym: "lamina of modiolus cochleae" EXACT [FMA:77710]
synonym: "lamina of modiolus of cochlea" EXACT [FMA:77710]
synonym: "osseous spiral lamina of cochlea" EXACT [FMA:77710]
xref: FMA:77710
xref: MA:0001184
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006725
name: spiral ligament
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Note that this is not classified as a ligament in FMA
synonym: "spiral ligament of cochlear duct" EXACT [FMA:77834]
xref: FMA:77834
xref: MA:0001192
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001855 ! cochlear duct of membranous labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006767
name: head of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone[Stedman, 26th ed]. The femur head is the highest part of the thigh bone. It is supported by the neck of the femur. The head is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere, is directed upward, medialward, and a little forward, the greater part of its convexity being above and in front. Its surface is smooth, coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis femoris, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and gives attachment to the ligament of head of femur. If there is a fracture of the neck of the femur, the blood supply through the ligament becomes crucial. In orthopedic surgery, the head of the femur is important because it can undergo avascular necrosis and consequent osteochondritis dissecans. The head is removed in total hip replacement surgery [WP]." [MESH:A.02.835.232.500.247.343, Wikipedia:Femur_head]
synonym: "acetabular head" EXACT [AAO:0000892]
synonym: "capital femoral epiphysis" RELATED [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/capital+femoral+epiphysis]
synonym: "caput femoris" RELATED [AAO:0000892, Wikipedia:Femur_head]
synonym: "caput femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Femur_head]
synonym: "femoral head" EXACT [FMA:32851]
synonym: "femur head" RELATED [MESH:A.02.835.232.500.247.343]
xref: AAO:0000892
xref: FMA:32851
xref: galen:FemoralHead
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.500.247.343
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Femur
xref: SCTID:361791000
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001269 ! acetabular part of hip bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 ! proximal epiphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006768
name: epiphyseal line
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "epiphysial junction" EXACT [FMA:9918]
synonym: "line of bony union" EXACT [FMA:9918]
xref: FMA:9918
xref: SCTID:333108008
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002516 ! epiphyseal plate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006770
name: apophysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:75428
xref: SCTID:65000005
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006771
name: long bone epiphyseal plate proliferative zone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "germinal layer of the epiphyseal plate where cells are actively dividing as well as producing extracellular matrix[MP]." [MP:0003662]
comment: In this zone, chondrocytes undergo rapid mitosis, forming distinctive looking stacks[WP]
synonym: "epiphyseal plate proliferative zone" EXACT []
synonym: "zone of proliferation" RELATED [MA:0002976]
xref: MA:0002976
is_a: UBERON:0006775 ! zone of epiphyseal plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006772
name: long bone epiphyseal plate hypertrophic zone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the layer of the epiphyseal plate of a long bone where chondrocytes mature and enlarge[MP]." [https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=3442184&group_id=76834&atid=1205376, MP:0000165]
comment: note that there is also MA:0002849
synonym: "epiphyseal plate hypertrophic zone" EXACT []
synonym: "hypertrophic chondrocyte zone" RELATED [MP:0000165]
synonym: "maturation zone" RELATED [MA:0002977]
synonym: "zone of hypertrophic chondrocytes" RELATED [MA:0002977]
xref: MA:0002977
is_a: UBERON:0006775 ! zone of epiphyseal plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006773
name: long bone epiphyseal plate ossification zone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "layer of the epiphyseal plate where new bone matrix is deposited[MP]." [MP:0006399]
synonym: "epiphyseal plate ossification zone" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0006775 ! zone of epiphyseal plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006775
name: zone of epiphyseal plate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002516 ! epiphyseal plate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006776
name: annular epiphysis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "secondary growth centers occurring as rings at the periphery of the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/epiphysis]
comment: note that here epiphysis means deriving from a separate ossification center
synonym: "anular epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:75792]
xref: FMA:75792
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006801
name: head of humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Hemispherical ball located at the lower end of the humerus that stands out prominently from the surrounding structures toward the flexor surface of the forelimb and fits into the socket joint of the olecranon process." [AAO:0000838]
synonym: "eminentia capitata" RELATED [AAO:0000838]
synonym: "humeral head" EXACT [FMA:13304]
synonym: "radial condyle" RELATED [AAO:0000838]
xref: AAO:0000838
xref: FMA:13304
xref: galen:HeadOfHumerus
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Humerus
xref: SCTID:181924000
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004411 ! proximal epiphysis of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006802
name: acetabular rim
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Cartilaginous ring that forms the entire acetabular margin." [AAO:0000864]
xref: AAO:0000864
xref: FMA:16941
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001269 ! acetabular part of hip bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006803
name: obturator foramen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The obturator foramen is the hole created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis through which nerves and muscles pass." [Wikipedia:Obturator_foramen]
synonym: "foramen obturatorium" EXACT [FMA:16999]
synonym: "foramen obturatum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Obturator_foramen]
xref: AAO:0000863
xref: FMA:16999
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Foramen
xref: SCTID:361777006
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="AAO"} ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006804
name: reticular tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Loose connective tissue which consists of an irregular network of cells and reticular fibers and is spatially associated with myeloid and lymphoid cells. Examples: stroma of bone marrow, stroma of spleen, stroma of lymph node.[FMA]" [FMA:20116, FMA:FMA, Wikipedia:Reticular_fiber]
synonym: "reticular connective tissue" EXACT [FMA:20116]
synonym: "textus connectivus reticularis" EXACT [FMA:20116]
xref: AAO:0000542
xref: FMA:20116
xref: SCTID:57987007
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006805
name: sternal end of clavicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Medial end of the clavicle, which usually lies on the ventral side of the epicoracoid cartilage, just posterior to the epicoracoid bridge." [AAO:0000812]
synonym: "extremitas medialis" RELATED [AAO:0000812]
synonym: "extremitas sternalis (Clavicula)" EXACT [FMA:23297]
synonym: "medial end" RELATED [AAO:0000812]
synonym: "medial end of clavicle" EXACT [FMA:23297]
xref: AAO:0000812
xref: FMA:23297
xref: SCTID:181920009
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006806
name: medial epicondyle of humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The medial epicondyle of the humerus, larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle, is directed a little backward. In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is called ventral epicondyle of the humerus. It gives attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, to the Pronator teres, and to a common tendon of origin of some of the Flexor muscles of the forearm. The ulnar nerve runs in a groove on the back of this epicondyle[WP]. Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus and medial to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the flexor muscles antogonistic to those that attach to the lateral epicondyle[AAO]." [AAO:0000782, Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "e. medialis humeri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "elbow pit" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "epicondylus medialis (Humerus)" EXACT [FMA:23441]
synonym: "epicondylus medialis humeri" RELATED [AAO:0000782]
synonym: "medial epicondyle" BROAD [AAO:0000782]
synonym: "medial epicondyle of humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "ulnar condyle of humerus" RELATED [http://www.termiumplus.gc.ca]
synonym: "ventral epicondyle of humerus" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
xref: AAO:0000782
xref: FMA:23441
xref: SCTID:181929005
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
is_a: UBERON:0009978 {source="FMA"} ! epicondyle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004404 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006807
name: lateral epicondyle of humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is a small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the Supinator and some of the Extensor muscles. In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is termed dorsal epicondyle of the humerus[WP]. Rounded projection at the distal head of the humerus (larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle) and lateral to the humeral head, which serves as a place of attachment for the mm extensor antebrachii et carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, and in part to the m extensor antebrachii et carpi ulnaris[AAO]." [AAO:0000758, Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "dorsal epicondyle of the humerus" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "e. lateralis humeri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "epicondylus lateralis (Humerus)" EXACT [FMA:23442]
synonym: "epicondylus lateralis humeri" RELATED [AAO:0000758]
xref: AAO:0000758
xref: FMA:23442
xref: SCTID:181933003
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
is_a: UBERON:0009978 {source="FMA"} ! epicondyle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004404 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006810
name: olecranon
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The olecranon is a large, thick, curved bony eminence of the forearm that projects behind the elbow. It is situated at the upper (proximal) end of the ulna, one of the two bones in the forearm. When the hand faces forward the olecranon faces towards the back (posteriorly). It is bent forward at the summit so as to present a prominent lip which is received into the olecranon fossa of the humerus in extension of the forearm. Its base is contracted where it joins the body and the narrowest part of the upper end of the ulna. Its posterior surface, directed backward, is triangular, smooth, subcutaneous, and covered by a bursa. Its superior surface is of quadrilateral form, marked behind by a rough impression for the insertion of the Triceps brachii; and in front, near the margin, by a slight transverse groove for the attachment of part of the posterior ligament of the elbow-joint. Its anterior surface is smooth, concave, and forms the upper part of the semilunar notch. Its borders present continuations of the groove on the margin of the superior surface; they serve for the attachment of ligaments, viz. , the back part of the ulnar collateral ligament medially, and the posterior ligament laterally. From the medial border a part of the Flexor carpi ulnaris arises; while to the lateral border the anconeus muscle is attached." [Wikipedia:Olecranon]
comment: Check AAO
synonym: "olecranon process" RELATED [Wikipedia:Olecranon]
synonym: "olecranon process of ulna" EXACT [Wikipedia:Olecranon]
synonym: "ulnar process" RELATED [AAO:0000843]
xref: AAO:0000843
xref: FMA:39795
xref: ncithesaurus:Olecranon
xref: SCTID:181949001
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006822 ! proximal epiphysis of ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006811
name: occipital condyle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The occipital condyles are undersurface facets of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra. The condyles are oval or reniform (kidney-shaped) in shape, and their anterior extremities, directed forward and medialward, are closer together than their posterior, and encroach on the basilar portion of the bone; the posterior extremities extend back to the level of the middle of the foramen magnum. The articular surfaces of the condyles are convex from before backward and from side to side, and look downward and lateralward. To their margins are attached the capsules of the atlantoC6ccipital articulations, and on the medial side of each is a rough impression or tubercle for the alar ligament. At the base of either condyle the bone is tunnelled by a short canal, the hypoglossal canal." [Wikipedia:Occipital_condyle]
comment: birds have a single occipital condyle[WP]
synonym: "condylus occipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occipital_condyle]
xref: AAO:0000330
xref: FMA:52861
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001693 ! exoccipital bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006812
name: mental foramen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The mental foramen is one of two holes (\"foramina\") located on the anterior surface of the mandible. It permits passage of the mental nerve and vessels. The mental foramen descends slightly in edentulous individuals." [Wikipedia:Mental_foramen]
synonym: "foramen mentale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mental_foramen]
synonym: "foramen mentalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mental_foramen]
synonym: "mental foramina" EXACT PLURAL [OBOL:automatic]
xref: AAO:0000298
xref: FMA:53171
xref: SCTID:244686000
is_a: UBERON:0005744 {source="FMA"} ! cranial conduit
relationship: surrounded_by UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006813
name: nasal skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Structural framework that provides support to the nasal sacs and ducts." [AAO:0000320]
synonym: "skeleton of nose" EXACT [FMA:60116]
xref: AAO:0000320
xref: FMA:60116
xref: SCTID:281486007
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006820
name: body of sternum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The body of the sternum (gladiolus), considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end." [Wikipedia:Body_of_sternum]
comment: AAO - Proximal portion of the sternum, usually elaborated into a stylum that may be ossified. [AAO:0000939]
synonym: "body of the sternum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Body_of_sternum]
synonym: "corpus sterni" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_sternum]
synonym: "gladiolus of sternum" EXACT [FMA:7487]
synonym: "mesosternum" EXACT [FMA:7487]
synonym: "sternal body" EXACT [FMA:7487]
xref: AAO:0000939
xref: FMA:7487
xref: SCTID:361743001
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000975 ! sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006821
name: cutaneous muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: AAO:0000119
xref: FMA:74996
xref: ncithesaurus:Cutaneous_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006822
name: proximal epiphysis of ulna
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The head of ulna presents an articular surface, part of which, of an oval or semilunar form, is directed downward, and articulates with the upper surface of the triangular articular disk which separates it from the wrist-joint; the remaining portion, directed lateralward, is narrow, convex, and received into the ulnar notch of the radius." [Wikipedia:Head_of_ulna]
synonym: "caput ulnae" EXACT [FMA:33751, FMA:TA]
synonym: "caput ulnae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Head_of_ulna]
synonym: "head of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33751]
synonym: "proximal end of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33751]
synonym: "upper end of ulna" EXACT [FMA:33751]
xref: FMA:33751
xref: galen:HeadOfUlna
xref: SCTID:304590006
is_a: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004386 ! epiphysis of ulna
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001424 ! ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006831
name: pre-tracheal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "pretracheal muscle" EXACT [MA:0001798]
xref: EMAPA:25142
xref: MA:0001798
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006836
name: medial tibial tarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone that is medially located and between the intermedium and centralia." [VSAO:0005048]
comment: AAO: One of two element that constitute the basal row of tarsals. The tibiale constitutes the postaxial element. In salamanders this element is aproximatelly rounded, whereas in anurans it is an elongate, cylindrical bone with the proximal and distal heads fused to the heads of the fibulare. todo - check grouping
synonym: "tibiale" RELATED [AAO:0000912, MA:0001350]
xref: AAO:0000912
xref: MA:0001350
xref: VSAO:0005048
is_a: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006837
name: tegmen tympani
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Tegmental Wall or Roof (paries tegmentalis) is formed by a thin plate of bone, the tegmen tympani, which separates the cranial and tympanic cavities. It is situated on the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone close to its angle of junction with the squama temporalis; it is prolonged backward so as to roof in the tympanic antrum, and forward to cover in the semicanal for the Tensor tympani muscle. Its lateral edge corresponds with the remains of the petrosquamous suture[Grays] ." [http://education.yahoo.com/reference/gray/subjects/subject/230]
comment: todo - check AAO; grouping is made on basis of related synonym. Crista parotica: seems to be the same as the crista prootica. However, since this lateral ridge of the otic capsule is frequently formed by the opisthotic, rather than the prootic, this may be a better name.; Crista prootica: a ledge or ridge which elaborates the dorsal surface of the prootic or, more generally, the roof of the otic capsule, laterally. The crista may extend posteriorly & laterally, continuous with the paroccipital process, and/or anteriorly or anteroventrally to protect cranial nerve foramina and form part of the fenestra ovalis/vestibuli. In basal tetrapodomorphs and tetrapods, the crista prootica forms the floor of the posttemporal fenestra. See The Prootic. In many tetrapods, the crista prootica is not ossified, or incompletely ossified. However, in frogs, the crista is the main strut joining the skull roofing bones (frontoparietals) with the squamosals. The crista prootica has a similarly expanded role in mammals where it forms an important part of the epitympanic recess and anchors the tympanohyal.[http://www.palaeos.com]
subset: dubious_grouping
synonym: "crista parotica" RELATED HOMOLOGY [AAO:0000116]
synonym: "crista prootica" RELATED HOMOLOGY [AAO:0000116, http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Lists/Glossary/GlossaryCr.html]
synonym: "paries tegmentalis cavi tympani" EXACT [FMA:56002, FMA:TA]
synonym: "processus muscularis capsulae auditivae" RELATED [AAO:0000116]
synonym: "processus squamosus" RELATED HOMOLOGY [AAO:0000116]
synonym: "tegmental roof of tympanic cavity" EXACT [FMA:56002]
synonym: "tegmental wall of tympanic cavity" EXACT [FMA:56002]
xref: AAO:0000116
xref: FMA:56002
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006844
name: cusp of tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Acellular anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, prominence, or point that is part of the surface of a tooth." [ZFA:0005434]
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "tooth cusp" EXACT [FMA:56481]
xref: FMA:56481
xref: ncithesaurus:Tooth_Cusp
xref: SCTID:362107000
xref: TAO:0001973
xref: ZFA:0005434
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003675 ! tooth crown

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006845
name: abductor muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle that moves a body part away from the sagittal plane/midline of the body[ZFA]. For example, the abductor muscles of the legs spread the legs away from the midline and away from one another. An abductor muscle opposes an adductor muscle[BTO]." [ZFA:0005269]
comment: note that in FMA the Adbuctor muscle is a subclass of Relation. It's unclear what this actually means, we leave it here as a grouping for now
subset: grouping_class
xref: BTO:0004642
xref: FMA:74997
xref: TAO:0002135
xref: ZFA:0005269
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006849
name: scapula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that is dorsoventrally compressed and provides attachment site for muscles of the pectoral appendage." [VSAO:0000157]
comment: Usage notes: this class subsumes the scapula of teleosts and tetrapods - note we create a specific subclasses for pectoral limb scapula and pectoral fin scapula
synonym: "scapula bone" RELATED [BTO:0001218]
synonym: "scapulae" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0000583]
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087.783
xref: VHOG:0001398
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="TAO"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0007829 ! pectoral girdle bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004753 {source="ZFA"} ! scapulocoracoid
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0007272 ! pectoral appendage skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="ZFA-abduced"} ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006855
name: ureter muscle layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "muscular coat of ureter" EXACT [FMA:15893]
synonym: "muscular layer of ureter" EXACT [FMA:15893]
synonym: "muscularis of ureter" EXACT [FMA:15893]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (ureter)" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "tunica muscularis ureteris" EXACT [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:15893
xref: MA:0002654
xref: SCTID:3563003
is_a: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006861
name: diaphysis proper
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between two metaphyses." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: The MA class is placed here because we assume it means diaphysis proper, because in MA epiphysis is not part of MA:0002803
synonym: "body proper of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32688]
synonym: "long bone diaphysis" RELATED INCONSISTENT [MA:0002803]
synonym: "shaft proper of long bone" EXACT [FMA:32688]
xref: FMA:32688
xref: MA:0002803
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006862
name: diaphysis of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "body of femur" EXACT [FMA:32847]
synonym: "corpus femoris" EXACT [FMA:32847, FMA:TA]
synonym: "femoral diaphysis" EXACT [FMA:32847]
synonym: "shaft of femur" EXACT [FMA:32847]
xref: FMA:32847
xref: SCTID:182048009
is_a: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0004769 ! diaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006863
name: proximal metaphysis of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:32878
is_a: UBERON:0004378 ! proximal metaphysis
is_a: UBERON:0006865 ! metaphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0004378 ! proximal metaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006864
name: distal metaphysis of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:32881
is_a: UBERON:0004377 ! distal metaphysis
is_a: UBERON:0006865 ! metaphysis of femur
intersection_of: UBERON:0004377 ! distal metaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006865
name: metaphysis of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "femoral metaphysis" EXACT [FMA:32875]
xref: FMA:32875
is_a: UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0001438 ! metaphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006907
name: slow muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The darker-colored muscle tissue of some mammals, composed of slow twitch muscle fibers." [BTO:0002317]
comment: The fast and slow skeletal muscles are different in terms of twitching speed (Fitts 1994), and they are believed to be derived from distinct myogenic precursors (Stockdale 1992)
synonym: "red muscle" RELATED [BTO:0002317]
synonym: "slow muscle" EXACT [BTO:0002317]
synonym: "slow skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT []
xref: BTO:0002317
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000189 ! slow muscle cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000189 ! slow muscle cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006908
name: fast muscle tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The paler-colored muscle tissue of some mammals, composed of fast twitch muscle fibers." [BTO:0002318]
comment: The fast and slow skeletal muscles are different in terms of twitching speed (Fitts 1994), and they are believed to be derived from distinct myogenic precursors (Stockdale 1992)
synonym: "fast muscle" EXACT [BTO:0002318]
synonym: "fast skeletal muscle tissue" EXACT []
synonym: "white muscle" RELATED [BTO:0002318]
xref: BTO:0002318
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: has_part CL:0000190 ! fast muscle cell
relationship: has_part CL:0000190 ! fast muscle cell

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006912
name: urinary bladder muscularis mucosa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "muscularis mucosa of bladder " BROAD [EMAPA:28619]
synonym: "muscularis mucosa of urinary bladder " EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: EMAPA:28619
xref: MA:0002490
xref: ncithesaurus:Bladder_Muscularis_Mucosa
is_a: UBERON:0004228 ! urinary bladder smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006676 ! muscularis mucosa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006959
name: mandible angular process
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a process which protrudes from the ventral caudal angle of the mandible, and acts as the attachment of the digastric muscle." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/mandibular+angular+process]
synonym: "Mandibular angle" EXACT [FMA:59459]
synonym: "mandibular angle" RELATED [MA:0002873]
xref: MA:0002873
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001684 ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0006970
name: bony core of horn
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007094
name: visceral muculature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: BILA:0000132
is_a: UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007095
name: somatic musculature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: BILA:0000133
is_a: UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007096
name: cardiac musculature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: BILA:0000134
is_a: UBERON:0000383 ! musculature of body

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007115
name: deciduous tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "One of the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and many other mammals[WP]. The 20 teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth, usually by the age of six years. All deciduous teeth are normally expected to erupt by the age of two and a half years[MESH]." [MESH:A.14.254.860.700, Wikipedia:Deciduous_teeth]
comment: GAT in FMA.
synonym: "dentes decidui" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Deciduous_teeth]
synonym: "primary tooth" EXACT [FMA:55655]
synonym: "temporary tooth" EXACT [FMA:55655]
xref: FMA:55655
xref: GAID:1266
xref: MESH:A.14.254.860.700
xref: ncithesaurus:Temporary_Tooth
xref: SCTID:245612004
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007116 ! primary dentition
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007116 ! primary dentition

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007116
name: primary dentition
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The set of teeth first in order or time of development that will be replaced by permanent dentition upon their loss." [MESH:A.14.254.245]
synonym: "baby teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "deciduous dentition" RELATED [GAID:1252]
synonym: "deciduous teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "dentes decidui" EXACT [FMA:75151, FMA:TA]
synonym: "milk teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "primary teeth" EXACT [GAID:1266]
synonym: "primary teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "set of deciduous teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "set of primary teeth" EXACT [FMA:75151]
synonym: "tooth of primary dentition" EXACT []
xref: FMA:75151
xref: GAID:1252
xref: MESH:A.14.254.245
is_a: UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007119
name: neck of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward." [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
synonym: "collum femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
synonym: "femoral neck" EXACT [FMA:42385]
synonym: "femoral neck" RELATED [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
synonym: "femur neck" RELATED [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
synonym: "neck of femur" RELATED [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
synonym: "neck of the femur" RELATED [Wikipedia:Femur_neck]
xref: FMA:42385
xref: GAID:201
xref: galen:NeckOfFemur
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.500.247.510
xref: ncithesaurus:Femoral_Neck
xref: SCTID:361792007
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006863 ! proximal metaphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007120
name: premolar tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The premolar teeth or bicuspids are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered as a 'transitional tooth' during chewing, or mastication. It has properties of both the anterior canines and posterior molars, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars. The premolars in humans are the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar. There is always one large buccal cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. The lower second premolar almost always presents with two lingual cusps. Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines preceded by deciduous molars. In primitive mammals there are four premolars per quadrant. The most mesial two have been lost in Catarrhines. Paleontologists refer to human premolars as Pm3 and Pm4." [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "bicuspid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "bicuspid teeth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "bicuspid tooth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "bicuspids" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "biscuspid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "dens premolaris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "dentes premolares" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "dentes premolares" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "first bicuspid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "first premolar" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "mandibular bicuspid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "maxillary bicuspid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "maxillary premolar" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "pm3 %28dentistry%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "pr%c3%a6molares" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "praemolares" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "premolar teeth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "premolar tooth" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "premolars" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "second bicuspid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "second premolar" RELATED [Wikipedia:Premolar]
synonym: "secondary premolar tooth" EXACT [FMA:55637]
xref: FMA:55637
xref: GAID:1261
xref: MESH:A.14.254.860.150
xref: ncithesaurus:Bicuspid_Tooth
xref: SCTID:304572005
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007145
name: dome of diaphragm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "diaphragm dome" EXACT [FMA:13332]
xref: EMAPA:18046
xref: FMA:13332
xref: SCTID:244940004
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007146
name: posterior spinal artery
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "dorsal spinal artery" EXACT [FMA:50522]
xref: EMAPA:18243
xref: FMA:50522
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Spinal_Artery
xref: SCTID:181330009
is_a: UBERON:0002458 ! spinal artery
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002458 ! spinal artery

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007164
name: distal radio-ulnar joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "articulation radioulnaris distalis" EXACT [FMA:35290]
synonym: "distal radioulnar joint" EXACT [FMA:35290]
synonym: "inferior radioulnar joint" EXACT [FMA:35290]
xref: EMAPA:19316
xref: FMA:35290
xref: SCTID:182170009
is_a: UBERON:0001528 ! radio-ulnar joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007165
name: proximal radio-ulnar joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "superior radioulnar joint" EXACT [FMA:38860]
xref: EMAPA:19317
xref: FMA:38860
xref: SCTID:361837005
is_a: UBERON:0001528 ! radio-ulnar joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007166
name: left dome of diaphragm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "left dome of diaphragm viewed radiologically" EXACT [FMA:13334]
xref: EMAPA:25047
xref: FMA:13334
xref: SCTID:244941000
is_a: UBERON:0007145 ! dome of diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007167
name: right dome of diaphragm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "right dome of diaphragm viewed radiologically" EXACT [FMA:13333]
xref: EMAPA:25048
xref: FMA:13333
xref: SCTID:244942007
is_a: UBERON:0007145 ! dome of diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007168
name: long head of biceps brachii
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The long head originates on the supraglenoid tubercle just above the shoulder joint from where its tendon passes down along the intertubercular groove of the humerus into the joint capsule of the shoulder joint. [1] When the humerus is in motion, the tendon of the long head is held firmly in place in the intertubercular groove by the greater and lesser tubercles and the overlying transverse humeral ligament. During the motion from external to internal rotation, the tendon is forced medially against the lesser tubercle and superiorly against the transverse ligament." [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle#Origin_and_insertion]
synonym: "caput longum (musculus biceps brachii)" EXACT [FMA:37683]
xref: EMAPA:25054
xref: FMA:37683
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001507 ! biceps brachii

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007169
name: short head of biceps brachii
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Proximally (towards the body), the short head of the biceps attaches to (originates from) the coracoid process at the top of the scapula." [Wikipedia:Biceps_brachii_muscle#Origin_and_insertion]
xref: EMAPA:25055
xref: FMA:37682
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001507 ! biceps brachii

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007170
name: squamous part of occipital bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The squama of the occipital bone, situated above and behind the foramen magnum, is curved from above downward and from side to side." [Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis]
synonym: "occipital squama" EXACT [FMA:52860]
synonym: "occipital squama" EXACT [Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis]
synonym: "squama occipitalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis]
synonym: "squama occipitalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Squama_occipitalis]
synonym: "squama of occipital bone" EXACT [FMA:52860]
xref: EMAPA:25113
xref: FMA:52860
xref: SCTID:139077005
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001676 ! occipital bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007171
name: border of scapula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "scapular border" EXACT [FMA:23797]
xref: EMAPA:25124
xref: FMA:23797
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007172
name: angle of scapula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "scapular angle" EXACT [FMA:23800]
xref: EMAPA:25125
xref: FMA:23800
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007173
name: lateral border of scapula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "axillary border of scapula" EXACT [FMA:23239]
synonym: "lateral border of scapula" EXACT [FMA:23239]
synonym: "margo lateralis (scapula)" EXACT [FMA:23239]
synonym: "margo lateralis scapulae" EXACT [FMA:23239, FMA:TA]
xref: EMAPA:25126
xref: FMA:23239
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007174
name: medial part of scapula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "margo medialis (scapula)" EXACT [FMA:23242]
synonym: "margo medialis scapulae" EXACT [FMA:23242, FMA:TA]
synonym: "medial border of scapula" EXACT [FMA:23242]
synonym: "vertebral border of scapula" EXACT [FMA:23242]
xref: EMAPA:25127
xref: FMA:23242
xref: SCTID:368187009
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007175
name: inferior angle of scapula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "angulus inferior (scapula)" EXACT [FMA:13315]
xref: EMAPA:25128
xref: FMA:13315
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007176
name: superior angle of scapula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "angulus superior (scapula)" EXACT [FMA:23248]
xref: EMAPA:25129
xref: FMA:23248
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001124 ! pectoral limb scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007178
name: muscularis mucosa of mucosa of colon
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "lamina muscularis of colonic mucosa" EXACT [FMA:15656]
synonym: "lamina muscularis of colonic mucous membrane" EXACT [FMA:15656]
xref: EMAPA:27399
xref: FMA:15656
xref: SCTID:885000
is_a: UBERON:0001239 ! muscularis mucosae of large intestine

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007182
name: muscle layer of infundibulum of uterine tube
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "muscle layer of infundibulum of fallopian tube" EXACT [FMA:18336]
synonym: "muscle layer of infundibulum of oviduct" EXACT [FMA:18336]
synonym: "muscularis of infundibulum of uterine tube" EXACT [FMA:18336]
xref: EMAPA:31264
xref: FMA:18336
is_a: UBERON:0006642 ! muscle layer of oviduct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007195
name: stroma of bone marrow
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The stroma of the bone marrow is all tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis. The yellow bone marrow belongs here, and makes the majority of the bone marrow stroma, in addition to stromal cells located in the red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow is found in the Medullary cavity. Still, the stroma is indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, since it provides the hematopoietic microenvironment that facilitates hematopoiesis by the parenchymal cells. For instance, they generate colony stimulating factors, affecting hematopoiesis." [Wikipedia:Bone_marrow#Stroma]
synonym: "bone marrow stroma" EXACT [FMA:21426]
xref: FMA:21426
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002371 ! bone marrow

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007215
name: trabecula cranii
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Paired thin medially aligned bar of cartilage that extends from the anterior end of the chondrocranium to just anterior to the anterior end of the notochord. The posterior ends of the trabeculae cranii are continuous with the parachordal cartilages, and they enclose the hypophyseal fenestra." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: A paired cartilaginous element appearing in the preotic section of the head at the border between the brain and visceral structures (The Trabecula cranii: development and homology of an enigmatic vertebrate head structure - Cerny et al 2006)
synonym: "trabeculae cranii" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001507]
xref: TAO:0001507
xref: ZFA:0001507
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005945 ! neurocranial trabecula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007223
name: osseus cochlea
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The osseous cochlea is the bony foundation that forms the small shell arrangement for the cochlear nerve." [http://www.innerbody.com/image_nerv14/nerv175.html]
comment: todo - check this. in MA, cochlea is not part of the bony labyrinth
xref: MA:0000239
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001839 ! bony labyrinth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001844 ! cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007239
name: tunica media of artery
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "arterial media" EXACT [EV:0100029]
synonym: "tunica media (arteriae)" EXACT [FMA:14273]
xref: EV:0100029
xref: FMA:14273
xref: SCTID:84300001
is_a: UBERON:0002111 ! artery smooth muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002522 ! tunica media

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007243
name: tunica media of vein
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "tunica media (venae)" EXACT [FMA:14354]
synonym: "venous media" EXACT [EV:0100033]
xref: EV:0100033
xref: FMA:14354
xref: SCTID:42049001
is_a: UBERON:0002522 ! tunica media
is_a: UBERON:0004696 ! venous system smooth muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007252
name: intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "cervical intervertebral disc" EXACT [FMA:13895]
synonym: "intervertebral disc of cervical region" EXACT [EMAPA:19415]
xref: EMAPA:19415
xref: FMA:13895
xref: SCTID:68818006
is_a: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006072 ! cervical region of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006072 ! cervical region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007254
name: intervertebral disk of thoracic vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "intervertebral disc of thoracic region" EXACT [EMAPA:19489]
xref: EMAPA:19489
xref: FMA:10455
is_a: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006073 ! thoracic region of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006073 ! thoracic region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007255
name: intervertebral disk of lumbar vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "intervertebral disc of lumbar region" EXACT [EMAPA:19468]
xref: EMAPA:19468
xref: FMA:13894
is_a: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006074 ! lumbar region of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006074 ! lumbar region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007257
name: intervertebral disk of sacral vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "intervertebral disc of sacral region" EXACT [EMAPA:19575]
xref: EMAPA:19575
is_a: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001066 ! intervertebral disk
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0006075 ! sacral region of vertebral column
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006075 ! sacral region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007260
name: intervertebral disk of third cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "C3 intervertebral disk" EXACT [FMA:13896]
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C3-C4" EXACT [FMA:13896]
xref: EMAPA:19422
xref: FMA:13896
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007261
name: intervertebral disk of fourth cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "intervertebral disc of fourth cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13897]
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C4-C5" EXACT [FMA:13897]
xref: EMAPA:19425
xref: FMA:13897
xref: SCTID:361748005
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007262
name: intervertebral disk of fifth cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "intervertebral disc of fifth cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:13898]
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C5-C6" EXACT [FMA:13898]
xref: EMAPA:19428
xref: FMA:13898
xref: SCTID:361749002
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007263
name: intervertebral disk of sixth cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C6-C7" EXACT [FMA:13899]
xref: EMAPA:19460
xref: FMA:13899
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007264
name: intervertebral disk of seventh cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C7-T1" EXACT [FMA:13900]
xref: EMAPA:19463
xref: FMA:13900
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007265
name: intervertebral disk of axis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "C2 disk" EXACT [FMA:25058]
synonym: "C2 intervertebral disk" EXACT [FMA:25058]
synonym: "intervertebral disc of second cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:25058]
synonym: "intervertebral disk of second cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:25058]
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C2-C3" EXACT [FMA:25058]
synonym: "second cervical intervertebral disk" EXACT [FMA:25058]
xref: EMAPA:19419
xref: FMA:25058
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007266
name: intervertebral disk of atlas
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "C1 disk" EXACT []
synonym: "C1 intervertebral disk" EXACT []
synonym: "first cervical intervertebral disk" EXACT []
synonym: "intervertebral disc of first cervical vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "intervertebral disk of first cervical vertebra" EXACT []
synonym: "intervertebral disk, C1-C2" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:19416
xref: FMA:25058
is_a: UBERON:0007252 ! intervertebral disk of cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007268
name: upper esophageal sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) (also called the Pharyngoesophageal sphincter) refers to the superior portion of the esophagus. Unlike the lower esophageal sphincter, it consists of striated muscle and is under conscious control. The primary muscle of the UES is the cricopharyngeus portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. During swallowing the upper esophageal sphincter opens so the bolus can pass into the esophagus. A secondary role of the UES is to reduce backflow from the esophagus into the pharynx." [Wikipedia:Upper_esophageal_sphincter]
synonym: "upper oesophageal sphincter" EXACT [Wikipedia:Upper_esophageal_sphincter]
xref: ncithesaurus:Upper_Esophageal_Sphincter
xref: Wikipedia:Upper_esophageal_sphincter
is_a: UBERON:0007652 ! esophageal sphincter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007269
name: pectoral appendage musculature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "pectoral fin musculature" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0000563]
xref: EFO:0003540
xref: TAO:0000563
xref: ZFA:0000563
is_a: UBERON:0007271 ! limb/fin musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007270
name: pelvic appendage musculature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "pelvic fin musculature" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0000258]
xref: TAO:0000258
xref: ZFA:0000258
is_a: UBERON:0007271 ! limb/fin musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007271
name: limb/fin musculature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "fin musculature" NARROW SENSU [ZFA:0000207]
xref: TAO:0000207
xref: ZFA:0000207
is_a: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007272
name: pectoral appendage skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal subdivision consisting of the anterior appendicular limb skeleton, excluding the pectoral girdle." [VSAO:0005000, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "cheiropterygium" RELATED [VSAO:0005000, VSAO:NI]
xref: VSAO:0005000
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007273
name: pelvic appendage skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a pelvic appendage region." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007352
name: stria vascularis vasculature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "blood vessels supplying the stria vascularis in the cochlea of the inner ear." [MP:0004368]
is_a: UBERON:0004522 ! vasculature of musculoskeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002282 ! stria vascularis of cochlear duct

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007354
name: cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube, about 24 mm. in length, is formed of a triangular plate of elastic fibrocartilage, the apex of which is attached to the margin of the medial end of the osseous portion of the tube, while its base lies directly under the mucous membrane of the nasal part of the pharynx, where it forms an elevation, the torus tubarius or cushion, behind the pharyngeal orifice of the tube. The upper edge of the cartilage is curled upon itself, being bent laterally so as to present on transverse section the appearance of a hook; a groove or furrow is thus produced, which is open below and laterally, and this part of the canal is completed by fibrous membrane. The cartilage lies in a groove between the petrous part of the temporal and the great wing of the sphenoid; this groove ends opposite the middle of the medial pterygoid plate. The cartilaginous and bony portions of the tube are not in the same plane, the former inclining downward a little more than the latter. The diameter of the tube is not uniform throughout, being greatest at the pharyngeal orifice, least at the junction of the bony and cartilaginous portions, and again increased toward the tympanic cavity; the narrowest part of the tube is termed the isthmus. The position and relations of the pharyngeal orifice are described with the nasal part of the pharynx. The mucous membrane of the tube is continuous in front with that of the nasal part of the pharynx, and behind with that of the tympanic cavity; it is covered with ciliated epithelium and is thin in the osseous portion, while in the cartilaginous portion it contains many mucous glands and near the pharyngeal orifice a considerable amount of adenoid tissue, which has been named by Gerlach the tube tonsil. The tube is opened during deglutition by the Salpingopharyngeus and Dilatator tubC&. The latter arises from the hook of the cartilage and from the membranous part of the tube, and blends below with the Tensor veli palatini." [Wikipedia:Cartilage_of_pharyngotympanic_tube]
synonym: "cartilage of auditory tube" EXACT [FMA:60096]
synonym: "cartilage of eustachian tube" EXACT [FMA:60096]
synonym: "cartilago tubae auditivae" EXACT [FMA:60096, FMA:TA]
synonym: "cartilago tubae auditivae; cartilago tubae auditoriae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cartilage_of_pharyngotympanic_tube]
synonym: "cartilago tubae auditoriae" EXACT [FMA:60096, FMA:TA]
synonym: "pharyngotympanic tube cartilage" EXACT [FMA:60096]
xref: FMA:60096
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007355
name: bony part of pharyngotympanic tube
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The bony part of pharyngotympanic tube is about 12 mm. in length. It begins in the carotid wall of the tympanic cavity, below the septum canalis musculotubarii, and, gradually narrowing, ends at the angle of junction of the squama and the petrous portion of the temporal bone, its extremity presenting a jagged margin which serves for the attachment of the cartilaginous portion." [Wikipedia:Bony_part_of_pharyngotympanic_tube]
synonym: "bony part of auditory tube" EXACT [FMA:60057]
synonym: "bony part of eustachian tube" EXACT [FMA:60057]
synonym: "osseous portion" RELATED [Wikipedia:Bony_part_of_pharyngotympanic_tube]
synonym: "osseous portion of eustachian tube" EXACT [FMA:60057]
synonym: "pars ossea (tuba auditiva)" EXACT [FMA:60057]
synonym: "pars ossea (tuba auditoria)" EXACT [FMA:60057]
synonym: "pars ossea tubae auditivae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Bony_part_of_pharyngotympanic_tube]
xref: FMA:60057
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007389
name: limb/fin fin cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: TAO:0001543
xref: ZFA:0001543
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007390
name: pectoral appendage cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: TAO:0000257
xref: ZFA:0000257
is_a: UBERON:0007389 ! limb/fin fin cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007272 ! pectoral appendage skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007391
name: pelvic appendage cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: TAO:0001459
xref: ZFA:0001459
is_a: UBERON:0007389 ! limb/fin fin cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007273 ! pelvic appendage skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007521
name: smooth muscle sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000143
xref: EHDAA2:0003143
xref: SCTID:362915001
is_a: UBERON:0001135 {source="AEO"} ! smooth muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007522
name: striated muscle sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A ring of striated muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring." [AEO:JB]
xref: AEO:0000144
xref: EHDAA2:0003144
is_a: UBERON:0002036 {source="AEO"} ! striated muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007612
name: extensor digitorum communis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle on the back of the forearm that extends the fingers and wrist." [BTO:0001343, Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_muscle]
synonym: "extensor digitorum" EXACT [FMA:38500]
synonym: "extensor digitorum communis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus extensor digitorum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_digitorum_muscle]
xref: BTO:0001343
xref: FMA:38500
xref: MA:0002293
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Digitorum_Communis
is_a: UBERON:0000311 {source="BTO"} ! extensor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004254 ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0001523 {source="dbpedia"} ! flexor digitorum profundus
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0003222 {source="dbpedia"} ! flexor digitorum superficialis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004300 {source="dbpedia", notes="extensor expansion of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd 3rd 4th and 5th fingers"} ! distal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007613
name: extensor digitorum lateralis muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Origin distal to extensor digitorum communis. The part of this muscle that gives a tendon to the 5th digit is comparable to the extensor digiti quinti proprius of the human [ISBN10:9780716717553]
synonym: "extensor digitorum lateralis" EXACT [MA:0002294]
xref: MA:0002294
xref: ncithesaurus:Extensor_Digitorum_Lateralis
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:9606
is_a: UBERON:0000311 {source="BTO"} ! extensor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004254 ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003639 {source="ISBN10:9780716717553"} ! hand digit 5 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007614
name: extensor digiti minimi
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The extensor minimi digiti (extensor digiti quinti proprius) is a slender muscle of the forearm, placed on the ulnar side of the Extensor digitorum communis, with which it is generally connected. It arises from the common Extensor tendon by a thin tendinous slip, from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles. Its tendon runs through a compartment of the dorsal carpal ligament behind the distal radio-ulnar joint, then divides into two as it crosses the hand, and finally joins the expansion of the Extensor digitorum communis tendon on the dorsum of the first phalanx of the little finger[WP]." [http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/E/14Extensor.shtml, Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle]
comment: The tendon of insertion is sometimes divided and gives a slip to the fourth digit. An ulnar slip has been observed to end on the base of the fifth metacarpal, thus exactly reproducing the arrangement of the serially homologous slip known as peroneus tertius in the leg. The muscle may be absent in rare cases, but fusion with extensor digitorum is frequent, in which case the tendon comes from the common extensor.
synonym: "extensor digiti minimi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle]
synonym: "extensor digiti minimi %28hand%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle]
synonym: "extensor digiti quinti proprius" RELATED [http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/E/14Extensor.shtml, Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle]
synonym: "musculus extensor digiti minimi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle]
xref: FMA:38503
is_a: UBERON:0000311 ! extensor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004254 ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004331 {notes="at the extensor expansion located at the base of the proximal phalanx of digit V on the dorsal side", source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 5
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006807 {notes="the anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus", source="dbpedia"} ! lateral epicondyle of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007618
name: synovial cavity of hip joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:19021
xref: FMA:9701
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001486 {source="FMA"} ! hip joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007652
name: esophageal sphincter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: editor note - check for specific subtypes across species. Note mammals have upper and lower, but lower is really part of cardia and thus is not classified under here
synonym: "oesophagial sphincter" EXACT [ZFA:0000415]
xref: SCTID:277765007
xref: TAO:0000415
xref: ZFA:0000415
is_a: UBERON:0003832 ! esophagus muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004590 ! sphincter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007657
name: anular ligament of radius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The anular ligament (orbicular ligament) is a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius (bone), and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna" [Wikipedia:Anular_ligament_of_radius]
synonym: "annular ligament of radius" EXACT [FMA:38872]
synonym: "anular ligament" BROAD [EMAPA:19322]
synonym: "ligamentum anulare radii" EXACT [FMA:38872, FMA:TA]
synonym: "orbicular ligament of radius" EXACT [FMA:38872]
xref: EMAPA:19322
xref: FMA:38872
xref: SCTID:182394000
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001490 {source="FMA"} ! elbow joint
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007165 {source="FMA"} ! proximal radio-ulnar joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007719
name: os penis/os clitoris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "baculum" NARROW []
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:9606
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007721
name: interphalangeal joint of toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The interphalangeal articulations of the foot (articulations of the phalanges) are ginglymoid joints, and each has a plantar and two collateral ligaments. The arrangement of these ligaments is similar to that in the metatarsophalangeal articulations: the Extensor tendons supply the places of dorsal ligaments." [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_foot]
synonym: "foot interphalangeal joint" EXACT [MESH:A.02.835.583.378.900]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of foot" EXACT [FMA:35225]
synonym: "toe joint" RELATED [MESH:A.02.835.583.378.900]
xref: FMA:35225
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.378.900
xref: ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint_of_the_Foot
xref: ncithesaurus:Toe_Joint
xref: SCTID:182225005
is_a: UBERON:0001487 ! joint of foot
is_a: UBERON:0006658 {source="FMA"} ! inter-phalangeal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007722
name: interphalangeal joint of finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. There are two sets (except in the thumb): \"proximal interphalangeal joints\" (PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges \"distal interphalangeal joints\" (DIP), those between the second and third (distal) phalanges A similar group of articulations also function in the toes." [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "articulationes digitorum manus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "articulationes interphalangeae manus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "articulations of the digits" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "interphalangeal articulations of hand" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of hand" EXACT [FMA:35285]
synonym: "interphalangeal joints of hand" RELATED [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "IP joint" RELATED [FMA:35285]
xref: FMA:35285
xref: ncithesaurus:Interphalangeal_Joint_of_the_Hand
xref: SCTID:303280009
is_a: UBERON:0001489 ! joint of hand
is_a: UBERON:0006658 {source="FMA"} ! inter-phalangeal joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0001436 ! phalanx of finger

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007723
name: interphalangeal joint of thumb
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Taxon notes: in humans, this connects proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of first digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35312]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of hand digit 1" EXACT []
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of manus digit 1" EXACT []
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of pollex" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:25058
xref: FMA:35312
xref: SCTID:182192008
is_a: UBERON:0007722 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
relationship: connects UBERON:0003620 ! hand digit 1 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007724
name: interphalangeal joint of big toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of first digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35353]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of foot digit 1" EXACT []
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of great toe" EXACT [FMA:35353]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of hallux" EXACT []
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of pes digit 1" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:26430
xref: FMA:35353
xref: SCTID:363671008
is_a: UBERON:0007721 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
relationship: connects UBERON:0003640 ! foot digit 1 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007725
name: interphalangeal joint of second toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of second digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35356]
xref: EMAPA:26448
xref: FMA:35356
is_a: UBERON:0007721 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
relationship: connects UBERON:0003641 ! foot digit 2 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007726
name: interphalangeal joint of third toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of third digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35359]
xref: EMAPA:26454
xref: FMA:35359
is_a: UBERON:0007721 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
relationship: connects UBERON:0003642 ! foot digit 3 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007727
name: interphalangeal joint of fourth toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fourth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35362]
xref: EMAPA:26466
xref: FMA:35362
is_a: UBERON:0007721 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
relationship: connects UBERON:0003862 ! foot digit 4 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007728
name: interphalangeal joint of little toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35365]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fifth toe" EXACT [FMA:35365]
xref: EMAPA:26478
xref: FMA:35365
is_a: UBERON:0007721 ! interphalangeal joint of toe
relationship: connects UBERON:0003863 ! foot digit 5 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007729
name: interphalangeal joint of index finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35397]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of second finger" EXACT [FMA:35397]
xref: EMAPA:25061
xref: FMA:35397
is_a: UBERON:0007722 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
relationship: connects UBERON:0003641 ! foot digit 2 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007730
name: interphalangeal joint of middle finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35400]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of third finger" EXACT [FMA:35400]
xref: EMAPA:25064
xref: FMA:35400
is_a: UBERON:0007722 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
relationship: connects UBERON:0003642 ! foot digit 3 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007731
name: interphalangeal joint of ring finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35403]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:35403]
xref: EMAPA:25067
xref: FMA:35403
is_a: UBERON:0007722 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
relationship: connects UBERON:0003862 ! foot digit 4 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007732
name: interphalangeal joint of little finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35407]
synonym: "interphalangeal joint of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:35407]
xref: EMAPA:25070
xref: FMA:35407
is_a: UBERON:0007722 ! interphalangeal joint of finger
relationship: connects UBERON:0003863 ! foot digit 5 phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007735
name: metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of first digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35249]
xref: EMAPA:25057
xref: FMA:35249
xref: SCTID:361844001
is_a: UBERON:0003695 ! metacarpophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004338 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 1
relationship: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004338 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007738
name: metacarpophalangeal joint of index finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of second digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35252]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of second finger" EXACT [FMA:35252]
xref: EMAPA:25060
xref: FMA:35252
xref: SCTID:361845000
is_a: UBERON:0003695 ! metacarpophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004328 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 2
relationship: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004328 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007741
name: metacarpophalangeal joint of middle finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of third digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35255]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of third finger" EXACT [FMA:35255]
xref: EMAPA:25063
xref: FMA:35255
xref: SCTID:361846004
is_a: UBERON:0003695 ! metacarpophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004329 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 3
relationship: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004329 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007744
name: metacarpophalangeal joint of ring finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of fourth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35258]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of fourth finger" EXACT [FMA:35258]
xref: EMAPA:25066
xref: FMA:35258
xref: SCTID:361847008
is_a: UBERON:0003695 ! metacarpophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004330 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 4
relationship: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004330 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007747
name: metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth digit of hand" EXACT [FMA:35261]
synonym: "metacarpophalangeal joint of fifth finger" EXACT [FMA:35261]
xref: EMAPA:25069
xref: FMA:35261
xref: SCTID:361848003
is_a: UBERON:0003695 ! metacarpophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004331 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 5
relationship: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004331 ! proximal phalanx of hand digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007750
name: metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of first digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35228]
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe" EXACT [FMA:35228]
xref: EMAPA:26436
xref: FMA:35228
is_a: UBERON:0003696 ! metatarsophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004315 ! distal phalanx of foot digit 1
relationship: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004315 ! distal phalanx of foot digit 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007753
name: metatarsophalangeal joint of second toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of second digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35231]
xref: EMAPA:26442
xref: FMA:35231
xref: SCTID:361869001
is_a: UBERON:0003696 ! metatarsophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004316 ! distal phalanx of foot digit 2
relationship: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004316 ! distal phalanx of foot digit 2

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007756
name: metatarsophalangeal joint of third toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of third digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35234]
xref: EMAPA:26460
xref: FMA:35234
xref: SCTID:361870000
is_a: UBERON:0003696 ! metatarsophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004317 ! distal phalanx of foot digit 3
relationship: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004317 ! distal phalanx of foot digit 3

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007759
name: metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of fourth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35237]
xref: EMAPA:26472
xref: FMA:35237
xref: SCTID:361871001
is_a: UBERON:0003696 ! metatarsophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004318 ! distal phalanx of foot digit 4
relationship: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004318 ! distal phalanx of foot digit 4

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007762
name: metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: note the name of the structure in EMAPA is incorrect
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth digit of foot" EXACT [FMA:35240]
synonym: "metatarsophalangeal joint of fifth toe" EXACT [FMA:35240]
xref: EMAPA:26484
xref: FMA:35240
xref: SCTID:361872008
is_a: UBERON:0003696 ! metatarsophalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004319 ! distal phalanx of foot digit 5
relationship: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004319 ! distal phalanx of foot digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007774
name: secondary dentition
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The teeth of adulthood that either replace or are added to the complement of deciduous teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)" [MESH:A.14.254.237]
synonym: "adult dentition" RELATED [GAID:1251]
synonym: "dentes permanentes" EXACT [FMA:75152, FMA:TA]
synonym: "permanent dentition" EXACT [GAID:1251]
synonym: "permanent teeth" EXACT [FMA:75152]
synonym: "secondary dentition" RELATED [GAID:1251]
synonym: "set of permanent teeth" EXACT [FMA:75152]
synonym: "set of secondary teeth" EXACT [FMA:75152]
xref: FMA:75152
xref: GAID:1251
xref: MESH:A.14.254.237
is_a: UBERON:0003672 {source="FMA"} ! dentition
intersection_of: UBERON:0003672 ! dentition
intersection_of: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0007116 ! primary dentition
relationship: developmentally_replaces UBERON:0007116 ! primary dentition

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007775
name: secondary tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Permanent teeth are the second set of teeth formed in humans[WP]." [Wikipedia:Permanent_teeth]
comment: GAT in FMA
synonym: "dentes permanentes" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Permanent_teeth]
synonym: "permanent tooth" EXACT [FMA:55654]
xref: FMA:55654
xref: ncithesaurus:Permanent_Tooth
xref: SCTID:245563006
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007774 ! secondary dentition
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007774 ! secondary dentition

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007776
name: unerupted tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group." [MESH:A.14.254.860.715]
synonym: "unerupted teeth" RELATED [GAID:1268]
xref: GAID:1268
xref: MESH:A.14.254.860.715
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007799
name: mixed dentition
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The complement of teeth in the jaws after the eruption of some of the permanent teeth but before all the deciduous teeth are absent. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)" [MESH:A.14.254.229]
synonym: "transitional dentition" EXACT [GAID:1250]
xref: GAID:1250
xref: MESH:A.14.254.229
xref: SCTID:245545006
is_a: UBERON:0003672 {source="GAID"} ! dentition

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007800
name: proatlas
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a small, paired bony element (more rarely, having fused parts) located between the skull and the atlas in tuataras, crocodiles, chameleons, and many fossil reptiles; it is uncommon in turtles and mammals (hedgehog). The proatlas apparently develops from the ossified neural part of the sclerotome. Externally it resembles the neural arch of the vertebra, since it articulates anteriorly with the lateral occipital bone and posteriorly with the anterior articular process of the atlas." [http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Proatlas]
is_a: UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: anterior_to UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007801
name: pygostyle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Pygostyle refers to a number of the final few caudal vertebrae fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature. In modern birds, the rectrices attach to these[WP]." [Wikipedia:Pygostyle]
subset: organ_slim
xref: SCTID:416894001
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007804
name: sclerotic ring
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Sclerotic rings are rings of bone found in the eyes of several groups of vertebrate animals, except for mammals and crocodilians. They can be made up of single bones or small bones together. They are believed to have a role in supporting the eye, especially in animals whose eyes are not spherical, or which live underwater. Fossil sclerotic rings are known for a variety of extinct animals, including ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs, but are often not preserved[WP]." [Wikipedia:Sclerotic_ring]
synonym: "scleral ring" EXACT [Wikipedia:Sclerotic_ring]
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:40674
is_a: UBERON:0010290 {source="PMID:17051547"} ! scleral ossicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 ! orbit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007805
name: synsacrum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The synsacrum is a skeletal structure, mainly described in birds and dinosaurs, in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially-fused caudal or lumbar vertebrae. The ilium of the pelvis is attached to the synsacrum and, in some species, may also be fused to it. Together with the pelvis this forms a rigid structure which carries the weight of the hind end of the animal. In living and some prehistoric birds, posterior to the synsacrum there are usually only a few free caudal vertebrae, on the end of which lies the pygostyle[WP]. Complex of synostotically fused vertebrae supporting the pelvic girdle. In anurans, the synsacrum is formed by two vertebrae and the urostyle is fused to its posterior end[AAO]." [AAO:Pugener_2002, Wikipedia:Synsacrum]
xref: AAO:0000740
xref: SCTID:67943001
is_a: UBERON:0003828 ! abdominal segment bone
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006075 {source="AAO"} ! sacral region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007818
name: major alar cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The greater alar cartilage (lower lateral cartilage) is a thin, flexible plate, situated immediately below the preceding, and bent upon itself in such a manner as to form the medial wall and lateral wall of the naris of its own side. The portion which forms the medial wall (crus mediale) is loosely connected with the corresponding portion of the opposite cartilage, the two forming, together with the thickened integument and subjacent tissue, the septum mobile nasi. The part which forms the lateral wall (crus laterale) is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages). Above, it is connected by fibrous tissue to the lateral cartilage and front part of the cartilage of the septum; below, it falls short of the margin of the naris, the ala being completed by fatty and fibrous tissue covered by skin. In front, the greater alar cartilages are separated by a notch which corresponds with the apex of the nose." [Wikipedia:Greater_alar_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago alaris major" EXACT [FMA:59504]
synonym: "cartilago alaris major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Greater_alar_cartilage]
synonym: "greater alar cartilage" EXACT [FMA:59504]
xref: FMA:59504
xref: SCTID:361928006
is_a: UBERON:0001823 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007819
name: minor alar cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The part which forms the lateral wall is curved to correspond with the ala of the nose; it is oval and flattened, narrow behind, where it is connected with the frontal process of the maxilla by a tough fibrous membrane, in which are found three or four small cartilaginous plates, the lesser alar cartilages." [Wikipedia:Lesser_alar_cartilages]
synonym: "cartilago alaris minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lesser_alar_cartilages]
synonym: "lesser alar cartilage" EXACT [FMA:59507]
xref: FMA:59507
is_a: UBERON:0001823 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007820
name: accessory nasal cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:59510
is_a: UBERON:0001823 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007821
name: lateral nasal cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The lateral cartilage (upper lateral cartilage) is situated below the inferior margin of the nasal bone, and is flattened, and triangular in shape.[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago nasi lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_nasal_cartilage]
xref: FMA:59511
xref: SCTID:278944009
is_a: UBERON:0001823 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007822
name: vomeronasal cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The vomeronasal cartilage (or Jacobson's cartilage) is a narrow strip of cartilage, low on the medial wall of the nasal cavity. It lies between the cartilaginous nasal septum and the vomer. The cartilage lies below, but is not connected to, the rudimentary vomeronasal organ of Jacobson. Ludwig Levin Jacobson (1783-1843), a Danish anatomist, named this structure in 1809." [Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_cartilage]
synonym: "cartilago vomeronasalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_cartilage]
synonym: "Huschke's cartilage" EXACT [FMA:59514]
synonym: "Jacobson's cartilage" EXACT [FMA:59514]
xref: FMA:59514
xref: SCTID:368123006
is_a: UBERON:0001823 {source="FMA"} ! nasal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007825
name: reticular membrane of spiral organ
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "reticular lamina" BROAD [MA:0001194]
synonym: "reticular lamina of spiral organ" EXACT [Obol:automatic]
synonym: "reticular lamina of spiral organ of cochlea" EXACT [Obol:automatic]
xref: FMA:77849
xref: MA:0001194
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002227 {source="MA"} ! spiral organ of cochlea

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007828
name: girdle bone/zone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "girdle bone" EXACT [MA:0000291]
xref: MA:0000291
is_a: UBERON:0010740 ! bone of appendage girdle complex
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010719 ! girdle skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007829
name: pectoral girdle bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: vertebrate_core
xref: MA:0000292
is_a: UBERON:0007828 {source="MA"} ! girdle bone/zone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007830
name: pelvic girdle bone/zone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: typically the ilium, ischium and pubis. These can alternately be considered individual bones, or zones of a single fused bone. Editor note: check sacrum, coccyx (MA does NOT include these)
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pelvic girdle bone" EXACT [MA:0000293]
xref: MA:0000293
xref: SCTID:426214007
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
is_a: UBERON:0007828 {source="MA"} ! girdle bone/zone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007831
name: skeleton of pectoral girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons." [Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle]
comment: AO notes: Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pectoral girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically.
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "cingulum pectorale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pectoral_girdle]
synonym: "pectoral girdle" RELATED INCONSISTENT [VSAO:0000156]
synonym: "pectoral girdle skeleton" EXACT [FMA:24141]
xref: AAO:0000422
xref: EFO:0000946
xref: EHDAA2:0001420
xref: EMAPA:18025
xref: FMA:24141
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pectoral_girdle_front_diagram.svg/200px-Pectoral_girdle_front_diagram.svg.png
xref: MAT:0000181
xref: MIAA:0000181
xref: ncithesaurus:Shoulder_Girdle
xref: TAO:0000407
xref: VHOG:0001156
xref: VSAO:0000156
xref: XAO:0003063
xref: ZFA:0000407
is_a: UBERON:0010719 ! girdle skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 {source="XAO"} ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007832
name: skeleton of pelvic girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal subdivision consisting of a set of bones linking the axial series to the hindlimb zeugopodium and offering anchoring areas for hindlimb and caudal musculature." [VSAO:0000155, Wikipedia:Pelvis]
comment: AO notes: Note that the VSAO and many ontologies use the label 'pelvic girdle' to denote the skeletal region specifically. We place the EHDAA2 class here, note that this includes the pre-cartilage condensation as parts. Editor notes: need to resolve whether this is a paired structure or a single belt (Paired in FMA - implicitly paired in VSAO)
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "pelvic girdle" RELATED INCONSISTENT [VSAO:0000155]
synonym: "pelvic girdle skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:0000155]
xref: AAO:0000426
xref: AAO:0000768
xref: EFO:0000947
xref: EHDAA2:0001426
xref: EHDAA:7149
xref: EHDAA:8324
xref: EMAPA:18028
xref: FMA:87592
xref: galen:PelvicGirdle
xref: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/pectoralgirdles.gif
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gray242.png/200px-Gray242.png
xref: MAT:0000182
xref: MIAA:0000182
xref: TAO:0000565
xref: VHOG:0000305
xref: VSAO:0000155
xref: XAO:0003064
xref: ZFA:0000565
is_a: UBERON:0010719 ! girdle skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 {source="XAO"} ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007833
name: osseus semicircular canal
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: consider adding FMA:60186
synonym: "osseous semicircular canal" EXACT [Obol:automatic]
xref: MA:0000250
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {notes="checkme"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001839 {source="MA"} ! bony labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007841
name: furcula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a forked bone found in birds, formed by the fusion of the two clavicles. In birds, its function is the strengthening of the thoracic skeleton to withstand the rigors of flight." [Wikipedia:Furcula]
comment: The following theropods have been found to have furculae: dromaeosaurids (including a new North American species of Velociraptor), Oviraptorids, Tyrannosaurids, Troodontids, Coelophysids and Allosauroids. Editor notes: currently assigned to be part of the pectoral girdle, but this may be incorrect if PG is a paired structure
synonym: "fused clavicle" RELATED []
synonym: "wishbone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Furcula]
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0008255
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0008256
is_a: UBERON:0007829 ! pectoral girdle bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007842
name: membrane bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Bone element that arises as a result of direct ossification." [VSAO:0000023]
xref: AEO:0000085
xref: EHDAA2:0003085
xref: TAO:0001645
xref: VSAO:0000023
xref: XAO:0004014
xref: ZFA:0001636
is_a: UBERON:0001474 {source="VSAO"} ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007843
name: uncinate process of ribs
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Extensions of bone that in birds project caudally from the vertical segment of each rib[WP]. Posteriorly directed process (occasionally directed anteriorly) usually associated with the rib (sometimes with the transverse process) of the third vertebra; they provide the origin of the mm serratus superior, medius, and inferior[AAO]. " [AAO:Pugener_2002, Wikipedia:Uncinate_processes_of_ribs]
comment: WP: Although bony uncinate processes are unique to birds, cartilaginous uncinate processes are present in crocodiles. The uncinate process has also been reported in Sphenodon, Caudipteryx, oviraptorids, Confuciusornis and Chaoyangia however it does not occur in Archaeopteryx
synonym: "uncinate process" BROAD INCONSISTENT [AAO:0000741]
xref: AAO:0000741
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 {source="AAO"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007844
name: cartilaginous element
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient." [VSAO:curator]
comment: todo - add subtypes
subset: organ_slim
synonym: "cartilage" RELATED [VSAO:0000000]
synonym: "cartilage organ" EXACT [FMA:55107]
synonym: "chondrogenic element" EXACT [VSAO:0000000]
xref: FMA:55107
xref: TAO:0001501
xref: VSAO:0000000
xref: XAO:0004013
xref: ZFA:0001501
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002418 {source="VSAO"} ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007914
name: head or neck bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0000569
is_a: UBERON:0001474 {source="MA"} ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007958
name: central carpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A small bone occasionally found at the dorsal aspect of the wrist between the scaphoid, capitate, and trapezoid; it is developed as an independent cartilage in early foetal life but usually becomes fused with the scaphoid; it occurs normally in most monkeys." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=63518]
comment: axioms for VSAO:0005042
synonym: "central bone" BROAD [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=63518]
synonym: "central carpals" EXACT [VSAO:0005042]
synonym: "centrale" RELATED [MA:0001344]
synonym: "os carpi centrale" RELATED [http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8251/1/8251.pdf]
synonym: "os centrale" EXACT [VSAO:0005042]
synonym: "os centrale" RELATED []
synonym: "os centrale carpi" RELATED []
xref: FMA:77232
xref: MA:0001344
xref: SCTID:26987000
is_a: UBERON:0001435 {source="MA"} ! carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007959
name: falciform carpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: todo - check relationship to radial sesamoid
synonym: "os falciform" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "os falciforme" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0001345
is_a: UBERON:0001435 {source="MA"} ! carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007960
name: scapholunate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The combined scaphoid and lunate bones." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Taxon notes: present in mouse[based on MA], carnivora[Websters] and macropods[WP]
synonym: "intermedioradial carpal bone" RELATED [MA:0001346]
synonym: "scapholunate bone" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "scapholunatum" RELATED [UBERON:cjm]
xref: MA:0001346
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0001427
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0001428
is_a: UBERON:0001480 {source="MA"} ! proximal carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007990
name: proximal sesamoid bone of foot
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0001376
is_a: UBERON:0004248 {source="MA"} ! foot digit bone
is_a: UBERON:0008000 ! sesamoid bone of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007991
name: proximal sesamoid bone of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0001377
is_a: UBERON:0004249 {source="MA"} ! hand digit bone
is_a: UBERON:0007997 ! sesamoid bone of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007993
name: ulnar sesamoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "ulnar sesamoid" EXACT []
xref: MA:0001379
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="MA"} ! sesamoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0003466 {source="MA"} ! lower arm bone
is_a: UBERON:0011141 ! appendicular ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0007997
name: sesamoid bone of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:42353
xref: SCTID:368448000
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="FMA"} ! sesamoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0005897 ! hand bone
is_a: UBERON:0011141 ! appendicular ossicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008000
name: sesamoid bone of foot
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:45096
xref: SCTID:244675002
is_a: UBERON:0001479 {source="FMA"} ! sesamoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0005899 ! foot bone
is_a: UBERON:0011141 ! appendicular ossicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 {source="FMA"} ! skeleton of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008001
name: irregular bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid." [Wikipedia:Irregular_bone]
synonym: "os irregulare" EXACT []
synonym: "os irregulare" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Irregular_bone]
xref: FMA:7477
xref: ncithesaurus:Irregular_Bone
xref: SCTID:421560006
is_a: UBERON:0001474 {source="FMA"} ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008114
name: joint of girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "girdle joint" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: MA:0001505
is_a: UBERON:0000982 {source="MA"} ! skeletal joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0007828 ! girdle bone/zone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008124
name: joint articular surface
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: note that FMA has multiple "Articular surface of X" classes, with no way to group them
xref: MA:0001518
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002217 {source="MA"} ! synovial joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008187
name: hypertrophic cartilage zone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: see also VSAO:0000098
xref: MA:0002849
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004763 {source="MA"} ! endochondral bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008188
name: tendon of biceps brachii
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "biceps brachii tendon" EXACT [FMA:38152]
xref: EMAPA:25053
xref: FMA:38152
is_a: UBERON:0000043 {source="FMA"} ! tendon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001507 ! biceps brachii
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001507 ! biceps brachii

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008192
name: tendon of triceps brachii
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "triceps brachii tendon" EXACT [FMA:38380]
xref: FMA:38380
is_a: UBERON:0000043 {source="FMA"} ! tendon
intersection_of: UBERON:0000043 ! tendon
intersection_of: attaches_to UBERON:0001509 ! triceps brachii
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0001509 ! triceps brachii

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008193
name: pneumatized bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. Skeletal pneumaticity exists only in synapsids and archosaurs. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space such as the lungs or nasal cavity. Pneumatization is highly variable between individuals, and bones not normally pneumatized can become pneumatized in pathological development. Pneumatization occurs in the skulls of mammals, crocodilians and birds among extant groups, as well as extinct archosaurs including the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Pneumatic spaces include the paranasal sinuses and some of the mastoid cells[WP]." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=11303, Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity]
comment: editor note: subclasses of this should be checked for taxonomic consistency
synonym: "hollow bone" RELATED []
synonym: "os pneumaticum" EXACT [FMA:7478]
synonym: "pneumatic bone" EXACT [FMA:7478]
xref: FMA:7478
xref: galen:PneumaticBone
xref: SCTID:333008005
is_a: UBERON:0008001 {source="FMA"} ! irregular bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
intersection_of: has_part UBERON:0010528 ! pneumatic cavity of bone
relationship: has_part UBERON:0010528 ! pneumatic cavity of bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008194
name: tibiotarsus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The tibiotarsus is the large bone between the femur and the tarsometatarsus in the leg of a bird. It is the fusion of the proximal part of the tarsus with the tibia. A similar structure also occurred in the Mesozoic Heterodontosauridae. These small ornithischian dinosaurs were unrelated to birds and the similarity of their foot bones is best explained by convergent evolution." [Wikipedia:Tibiotarsus]
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0000979
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0001447
is_a: UBERON:0003464 ! hindlimb bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010902 ! tibiotarsus cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008195
name: tarsometatarsus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The tarsometatarsus is a bone that is found in the lower leg of certain tetrapods, namely birds. It is formed from the fusion of several bones found in other types of animals, and homologous to the mammalian tarsal (ankle) and metatarsal (foot) bones. Despite this, the tarsometatarsus of birds is often referred to as just the tarsus or metatarsus." [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsus]
comment: Taxon notes: found in birds[VSAO]
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0001448
property_value: "has_fused_element" UBERON:0009879
is_a: UBERON:0005899 ! foot bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010900 ! tarsometatarsus cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008196
name: muscle of pectoral girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "muscle of shoulder girdle" EXACT [FMA:37347]
synonym: "pectoral girdle muscle" EXACT [FMA:37347]
xref: FMA:37347
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004471 ! musculature of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008199
name: chin
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In the human anatomy, the chin is the lowermost part of the face. It is formed by the lower front of the mandible. People show a wide variety of chin structures. See Cleft chin. The chin developed as a point of muscular attachment facilitating minute movements of the lips associated with speech. In human evolution, the chin is a cladistic apomorphy, partially defining anatomically modern Humans as distinct from archaic forms." [Wikipedia:Chin]
synonym: "chin %28anatomy%29" RELATED [Wikipedia:Chin]
synonym: "chins" RELATED [Wikipedia:Chin]
synonym: "mental part of face" EXACT [FMA:46495]
synonym: "mental region" EXACT [FMA:46495]
synonym: "mental region of face" EXACT [FMA:46495]
synonym: "mentum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Chin]
synonym: "regio mentalis" EXACT [FMA:46495, FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:46495
xref: GAID:67
xref: galen:Chin
xref: MESH:A.01.456.505.259
xref: SCTID:362632004
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 {source="MESH"} ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008202
name: bone of hip region
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: in MA, this includes the femur. i.e. pelvic girdle bone or femur; note that this makes the ilium etc in MA hindlimb bones. in MA this is a hindlimb bone
xref: MA:0000655
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008229
name: craniocervical region musculature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "head or neck muscle" EXACT [MA:0000571]
synonym: "head or neck muscle" RELATED [MA:0000571]
xref: MA:0000571
is_a: UBERON:0001015 {source="MA"} ! musculature

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008230
name: tibialis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Either of two muscles of the calf of the leg." [Fast_Health_Medical_Dictionary:http://www.fasthealth.com/dictionary/]
xref: BTO:0000864
xref: MA:0002425
xref: ncithesaurus:Tibialis
is_a: UBERON:0000366 {source="BTO"} ! flexor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0004256 ! hindlimb zeugopod muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008242
name: lower back muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0000502
xref: SCTID:317178000
is_a: UBERON:0002324 ! muscle of back
is_a: UBERON:0003833 {source="MA"} ! abdominal segment muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008243
name: upper back muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0000508
xref: SCTID:305071003
is_a: UBERON:0002324 ! muscle of back
is_a: UBERON:0003830 {source="MA"} ! thoracic segment muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008245
name: pennate muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A pennate muscle (also called a penniform muscle) is a muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon. These types of muscles generally allow better stabilization and force production but less flexibility. Individual muscle fibers are formed into bundles of fasciculi and these bundles of fasciculi are formed into bundles of fascicles which compose the entire muscle itself. In a pennate muscle, the fascicles will form an angle with its central tendon. If all the fascicles are on the same side of the tendon, the pennate muscle is called unipennate. Examples of this include certain muscles in the hand. If there are fascicles on both sides of the central tendon, the pennate muscle is called bipennate. The rectus femoris, a large muscle in the quadriceps, is typical. If the central tendon branches within a pennate muscle, the muscle is called multipennate, as seen in the deltoid muscle in the shoulder." [Wikipedia:Pennate_muscle]
comment: note the FMA class does not denote a muscle organ. todo: add child classes
xref: FMA:74993
xref: Wikipedia:Pennate_muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002463 {source="dbpedia"} ! hamstring muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001269 {notes="anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum", source="dbpedia"} ! acetabular part of hip bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008252
name: tube foot ampulla
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The constant contraction of ampulla (to extend and retract the tube feet) helps to move a starfish. The ampullae are teeth like structures surrounding the radial canal." [BTO:0002124]
xref: BTO:0002124
is_a: UBERON:0003913 ! tooth-like structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008254
name: styliform cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "shaft of skeletal tissue that articulates with the lateral border of the carpus." [ISBN-10:0226313379]
property_value: "homologous_to" UBERON:0001429
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilaginous element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008255
name: right clavicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:13322
is_a: UBERON:0001105 {source="FMA"} ! clavicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008256
name: left clavicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:13323
is_a: UBERON:0001105 {source="FMA"} ! clavicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008257
name: radial sesamoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In the giant panda, a large digitlike preaxial element that articulates with the scapholunatum and the medial border of the first metacarpal." [ISBN-10:0226313379]
synonym: "os sesamoideum radiale" EXACT [ISBN-10:0226313379]
is_a: UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0007997 ! sesamoid bone of hand
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0003645 ! metacarpal bone of digit 1
relationship: connected_to UBERON:0007960 ! scapholunate
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008266
name: periodontal ligament
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. It consist of cells, extracellular compartment of fibers. The cells are fibroblast, epithelial, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, bone and cementum cells. The extracellular compartment consists of collagen fibers bundles embedded in ground substance. The PDL substance has been estimated to be 70% water and is thought to have a significant effect on the tooth's ability to withstand stress loads[WP]." [BTO:0001020, https://github.com/cmungall/uberon/issues/21, Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber]
comment: note FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same
synonym: "alveolar periosteum" RELATED [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "alveolodental ligament" RELATED [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "alveolodental membrane" RELATED [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "desmodontium" RELATED [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "odontoperiosteum" RELATED [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "paradentium" RELATED [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "PDL" RELATED [Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament]
synonym: "peridental membrane" RELATED [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "peridontal ligament" RELATED []
synonym: "peridontal membrane" RELATED [BTO:0001020]
synonym: "peridontium" RELATED [BTO:0001020]
xref: BTO:0001020
xref: GAID:1259
xref: MA:0002467
xref: SCTID:245775004
is_a: UBERON:0008846 {source="FMA-moved"} ! skeletal ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001758 {source="BTO"} ! periodontium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008269
name: nacre
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "an organic-inorganic composite material produced by some mollusks as an inner shell layer; it is also what makes up pearls. It is very strong, resilient, and iridescent. Nacre is found in some ancient lineages of bivalve gastropod and cephalopod. The inner layer in the great majority of mollusk shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, frequently resulting in a non-iridescent shine or less commonly in non-nacreous iridescence such as flame structure (e.g. conch pearl). Pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Many other families of mollusk also have a nacreous inner shell layer, including marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae. Nacre is composed of hexagonal platelets of aragonite (a form of calcium carbonate) 10-20 µm wide and 0.5 µm thick arranged in a continuous parallel lamina. These layers are separated by sheets of organic matrix composed of elastic biopolymers (such as chitin, lustrin and silk-like proteins)[WP]." [Wikipedia:Nacre]
synonym: "mother of pearl" EXACT [Wikipedia:Nacre]
is_a: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008284
name: columnella muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The muscle of the central column or axis of a spiral univalve shell." [BTO:0000277, Wikipedia:Columella_(gastropod)#Columellar_muscles]
synonym: "columella muscle" RELATED [BTO:0000277]
xref: BTO:0000277
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008296
name: femoral muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; insertion: patella, common tendon of quadriceps femoris; innervation: femoral; action, extends leg." [BTO:0002542]
comment: todo - logical definition
synonym: "crureus" RELATED [BTO:0002542]
synonym: "intermediate great muscle" RELATED [BTO:0002542]
synonym: "intermediate vastus muscle" RELATED [BTO:0002542]
synonym: "musculus vastus intermedius" RELATED [BTO:0002542]
xref: BTO:0002542
is_a: UBERON:0001383 {source="BTO"} ! muscle of leg

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008331
name: clitoral smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "clitoris smooth muscle" RELATED [BTO:0005000]
xref: BTO:0005000
is_a: UBERON:0001135 {source="BTO"} ! smooth muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008426
name: transverse foramen of atlas
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "foramen transversarium of atlas" EXACT [FMA:23998]
xref: FMA:23998
xref: SCTID:281220001
is_a: UBERON:0010276 ! vertebral column opening
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008427
name: transverse foramen of axis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "foramen transversarium of axis" EXACT [FMA:23999]
xref: FMA:23999
xref: SCTID:281221002
is_a: UBERON:0010276 ! vertebral column opening
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001093 ! second cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008428
name: ceratoglossus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "main, posterior part of hyoglossus muscle (vs. chondroglossus) arising from the greater horn of the hyoid bone." [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655]
synonym: "ceratoglossus muscle" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655]
synonym: "musculus ceratoglossus" EXACT [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=56655]
xref: FMA:46720
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001572 {source="FMA"} ! hyoglossus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008429
name: cervical vertebral foramen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:13480
xref: SCTID:280833008
is_a: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008430
name: lumbar vertebral foramen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:24826
xref: SCTID:280835001
is_a: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008431
name: sacral foramen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:31749
is_a: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008432
name: thoracic vertebral foramen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:9143
xref: SCTID:280834002
is_a: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: UBERON:0001131 ! vertebral foramen
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008433
name: lumbar vertebral arch
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "arch of lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:16076]
xref: FMA:16076
xref: SCTID:312766000
is_a: UBERON:0003828 ! abdominal segment bone
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008434
name: cervical vertebral arch
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "arch of cervical vertebra" EXACT [FMA:23893]
xref: FMA:23893
xref: SCTID:165269004
is_a: UBERON:0003458 ! neck bone
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008435
name: vertebral arch of sacral segment
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:32401
is_a: UBERON:0003828 ! abdominal segment bone
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008436
name: thoracic vertebral arch
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "arch of thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9151]
xref: FMA:9151
xref: SCTID:312764002
is_a: UBERON:0003827 ! thoracic segment bone
is_a: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
is_a: UBERON:0004247 ! back bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0003861 ! neural arch
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008437
name: posterior arch of atlas
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In a cervical vertebra, the posterior arch forms about two-fifths of the circumference of the ring: it ends behind in the posterior tubercle, which is the rudiment of a spinous process and gives origin to the Recti capitis posteriores minores." [Wikipedia:Posterior_arch_of_atlas]
synonym: "posterior arch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_arch]
xref: FMA:23977
xref: SCTID:181892007
is_a: UBERON:0005814 ! arch of atlas
is_a: UBERON:0008434 {source="FMA"} ! cervical vertebral arch
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001092 {source="FMA"} ! first cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008446
name: flexor pollicis longus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle in the forearm and hand that flexes the thumb. It lies in the same plane as the flexor digitorum profundus. This muscle is unique to humans, being 'either rudimentary or absent' in other primates." [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
comment: Taxon notes: Modern humans are unique among hominids in having a flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscle belly that is separate from that of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). While the FPL is not a separate muscle belly in extant great apes, a distinct tendon from the FDP belly might be present. In some individuals this tendon tend to act more like a ligament which restricts extension of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. In orangutans there is a tendon similar in insertion and function to the FPL in humans, but which has an intrinsic origin on the oblique head of the adductor pollicis[WP]
synonym: "flexor pollicis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "flexor pollicis longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "flexor pollicis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus flexor pollicis longus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus flexor pollicis longus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle]
xref: FMA:38481
xref: SCTID:361818001
is_a: UBERON:0004254 {source="Wikipedia"} ! forelimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0003234 {source="dbpedia"} ! extensor pollicis longus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004444 {source="dbpedia", notes="The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb"} ! proximal epiphysis of distal phalanx of thumb
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001423 {notes="The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane.", source="dbpedia"} ! radius bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008447
name: intertarsal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Intertarsal articulations are the joints of the tarsus. The specific intertarsal articulations are: Talocalcaneal articulation Talocalcaneonavicular articulation Calcaneocuboid articulation Cuneonavicular articulation Cuboideonavicular articulation Intercuneiform articulation Cuneocuboid articulation" [Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations]
synonym: "articulationes intertarsale" RELATED [MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831]
synonym: "articulationes intertarsales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations]
synonym: "articulationes intertarseae" RELATED [MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831]
synonym: "intermetatarsal joint" RELATED [MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831]
synonym: "intertarsal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations]
synonym: "intertarsal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations]
synonym: "intertarsal joint" RELATED [MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831]
synonym: "tarsal joint" RELATED [MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831]
synonym: "tarsal joints" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intertarsal_articulations]
xref: FMA:44281
xref: GAID:259
xref: MESH:A.02.835.583.378.831
xref: ncithesaurus:Tarsal_Joint
xref: SCTID:182221001
is_a: UBERON:0001487 ! joint of foot
relationship: connects UBERON:0001447 {cardinality="2"} ! tarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001447 {notes="two adjacent tarsals"} ! tarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008449
name: trochlear notch
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The semilunar notch of the ulna (trochlear notch of ulna, greater sigmoid cavity) is a large depression, formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process, and serving for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus. About the middle of either side of this notch is an indentation, which contracts it somewhat, and indicates the junction of the olecranon and the coronoid process. The notch is concave from above downward, and divided into a medial and a lateral portion by a smooth ridge running from the summit of the olecranon to the tip of the coronoid process. The medial portion is the larger, and is slightly concave transversely; the lateral is convex above, slightly concave below." [Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch]
synonym: "incisura trochlearis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch]
synonym: "incisura trochlearis ulnae, incisura semilunaris ulnae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch]
synonym: "semilunar notch" RELATED [Wikipedia:Trochlear_notch]
synonym: "semilunar notch of ulna" EXACT [FMA:23619]
xref: FMA:23619
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006822 ! proximal epiphysis of ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008450
name: psoas
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek \"psoa\", the plural meaning \"muscles of the loin\". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology." [MESH:A.02.633.567.825]
synonym: "psoas muscle" EXACT [MA:0002553]
xref: BTO:0001140
xref: galen:Psoas
xref: MA:0002553
xref: MESH:A.02.633.567.825
xref: ncithesaurus:Psoas_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002378 {source="BTO"} ! muscle of abdomen

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008453
name: rectus capitis anterior
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The rectus capitis anterior (rectus capitis anticus minor) is a short, flat muscle, situated immediately behind the upper part of the Longus capitis. It arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process, and passing obliquely upward and medialward, is inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone immediately in front of the foramen magnum." [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "anterior rectus capitis" EXACT [FMA:46312]
synonym: "anterior rectus capitis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "anterior vertebral muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "musculus rectus capitis anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "recti capitis anteriores" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis anterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis anterior muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus anterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus anterior muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle]
xref: FMA:46312
xref: SCTID:244838005
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001676 {source="dbpedia"} ! occipital bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008454
name: rectus capitis posterior major
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major) arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis, and, becoming broader as it ascends, is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. As the muscles of the two sides pass upward and lateralward, they leave between them a triangular space, in which the Recti capitis posteriores minores are seen. Its main actions are to extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint." [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "greater posterior rectus capitis" EXACT [FMA:32525]
synonym: "musculus rectus capitis posterior major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "recti capitis posteriores major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis posterior major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis posterior major muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus posterior major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus posterior major muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
synonym: "rectus posterior major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_major_muscle]
xref: FMA:32525
xref: SCTID:245994002
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001676 {notes="Inferior nucheal line of the occipital bone", source="dbpedia"} ! occipital bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001093 {source="dbpedia", notes="Spinous process of the axis"} ! second cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008455
name: rectus capitis posterior minor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor) arises by a narrow pointed tendon from the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas, and, widening as it ascends, is inserted into the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum, and also takes some attachment to the spinal dura. The synergists are the rectus capitus posterior major and Obliquus capitis. Connective tissue bridges were noted at the atlanto-occipital junction between the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and the dorsal spinal dura. The perpendicular arrangement of these fibers appears to restrict dural movement toward the spinal cord. The ligamentum nuchae was found to be continuous with the posterior cervical spinal dura and the lateral portion of the occipital bone. Anatomic structures innervated by cervical nerves C1-C3 have the potential to cause headache pain. Included are the joint complexes of the upper 3 cervical segments, the dura mater, and spinal cord. The dura-muscular, dura-ligamentous connections in the upper cervical spine and occipital areas may provide anatomic and physiologic answers to the cause of the cervicogenic headache. This proposal would further explain manipulation's efficacy in the treatment of cervicogenic headache ." [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "lesser posterior rectus capitis" EXACT [FMA:32526]
synonym: "musculus rectus capitis posterior minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "recti capitis posteriores minores" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis posterior minor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitis posterior minor muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus posterior minor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "rectus capitus posterior minor muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
synonym: "rectus posterior minor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Rectus_capitis_posterior_minor_muscle]
xref: FMA:32526
xref: SCTID:245995001
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001676 {source="dbpedia", notes="the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum"} ! occipital bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0008437 {source="dbpedia", notes="the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas"} ! posterior arch of atlas

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008456
name: superior articular process of lumbar vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "cranial articular process of lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:16126]
xref: FMA:16126
xref: SCTID:305677003
is_a: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008457
name: superior articular process of sacral vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "articular process of sacral segment" EXACT [FMA:16215]
synonym: "processus articularis superior (os sacrum)" EXACT [FMA:16215]
synonym: "processus articularis superior ossis sacri" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "superior articular process of sacral segment" EXACT [FMA:16215]
synonym: "superior articular process of sacrum" EXACT [FMA:16215]
xref: FMA:16215
is_a: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001094 ! sacral vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008459
name: superior articular process of cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:23969
xref: SCTID:57767002
is_a: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008460
name: superior articular process of thoracic vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "cranial articular process of thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9155]
synonym: "processus articularis (zygapophysis) thoracicus superior" EXACT [FMA:9155]
synonym: "superior apophyseal process" EXACT [FMA:9155]
synonym: "superior zygapophysis" EXACT [FMA:9155]
xref: FMA:9155
xref: SCTID:367801006
is_a: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001079 ! superior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008461
name: inferior articular process of lumbar vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "caudal articular process of lumbar vertebra" EXACT [FMA:16127]
xref: FMA:16127
xref: SCTID:306283004
is_a: UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002414 ! lumbar vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008462
name: inferior articular process of cervical vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:23970
xref: SCTID:61633005
is_a: UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002413 ! cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008463
name: inferior articular process of thoracic vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "caudal articular process of thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9156]
synonym: "inferior apophyseal process" EXACT [FMA:9156]
synonym: "inferior zygapophysis" EXACT [FMA:9156]
synonym: "processus articularis (zygapophysis) thoracicus inferior" EXACT [FMA:9156]
xref: FMA:9156
xref: SCTID:367814007
is_a: UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: UBERON:0001080 ! inferior articular process of vertebra
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002347 ! thoracic vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008464
name: abductor hallucis muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Abductor hallucis lies along the medial border of the foot and covers the origins of the plantar vessels and nerves. It arises from the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, from the laciniate ligament, from the plantar aponeurosis, and from the intermuscular septum between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis. The fibers end in a tendon, which is inserted, together with the medial tendon of the Flexor hallucis brevis, into the tibial side of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe." [Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle]
synonym: "abductor hallucis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus abductor hallucis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle]
xref: FMA:37448
xref: SCTID:181723001
xref: Wikipedia:Abductor_hallucis_muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001498 ! muscle of foot
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001450 {notes="tuberosity of the calcaneus", source="dbpedia"} ! calcaneus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008465
name: abductor pollicis brevis muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The abductor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that functions as an abductor of the thumb." [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "abductor brevis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "abductor pollicis brevis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus abductor pollicis brevis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
xref: FMA:37373
xref: SCTID:181648007
xref: Wikipedia:Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001500 ! muscle of hand
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0002962 {source="dbpedia"} ! adductor pollicis
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004445 {source="dbpedia", notes="Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors"} ! proximal epiphysis of proximal phalanx of thumb
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001427 {notes="Transverse carpal ligament the scaphoid and trapezium", source="dbpedia"} ! scaphoid
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001430 {notes="Transverse carpal ligament the scaphoid and trapezium", source="dbpedia"} ! distal carpal bone 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008488
name: cremaster muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis." [Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle]
synonym: "cremaster" EXACT [FMA:21531]
synonym: "cremaster muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle]
synonym: "cremasteric muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle]
synonym: "muscle of riolan (cremaster)" EXACT [FMA:21531]
synonym: "musculus cremaster" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus cremaster" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Cremaster_muscle]
synonym: "musculus cremaster <male>" EXACT [FMA:TA]
xref: EMAPA:31250
xref: FMA:21531
xref: ncithesaurus:Cremaster_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244948006
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006204 {source="dbpedia"} ! inguinal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008521
name: gluteus minimus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The gluteus minimus (or glutC&us minimus), the smallest of the three gluteal muscles, is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius." [Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle]
synonym: "glut%c3%a6us minimus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle]
synonym: "glutaeus minimus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle]
synonym: "gluteus minimus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle]
synonym: "gluteus minimus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus gluteus minimus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Gluteus_minimus_muscle]
xref: FMA:22317
xref: SCTID:181676004
is_a: UBERON:0002000 {source="FMA"} ! gluteal muscle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002503 {source="FMA"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002503 {source="dbpedia", notes="Greater trochanter of the femur"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001273 {source="dbpedia", notes="Gluteal surface of ilium under gluteus medius."} ! ilium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008522
name: nasal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "muscle of nose" EXACT [Obol:automatic]
xref: FMA:73758
xref: ncithesaurus:Nasal_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244730009
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of face
is_a: UBERON:0003831 ! respiratory system muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008523
name: infrahyoid muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior part of the neck. (The term infrahyoid refers to the region below to the hyoid bone in the neck. ) Collectively, they are referred to as the strap muscles, because the muscles are long and flat much like a strap." [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "infrahyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "infrahyoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "infrahyoidala" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "musculi infrahyoidei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "strap muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "strap muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Infrahyoid_muscles]
xref: FMA:13338
xref: SCTID:244829008
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008529
name: piriformis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The piriformis (from Latin piriformis = \"pear shaped\") is a muscle in the gluteal region of the lower limb." [Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle]
synonym: "m.piriformis" EXACT [FMA:19082]
synonym: "musculus piriformis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus piriformis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle]
synonym: "piriform muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle]
synonym: "piriformis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Piriformis_muscle]
xref: FMA:19082
is_a: UBERON:0002000 {source="FMA"} ! gluteal muscle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002503 {source="FMA"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002503 {source="dbpedia"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003690 {source="dbpedia"} ! sacrum
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008537
name: quadratus femoris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The quadratus femoris is, as its name implies, a flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle. Located on the posterior side of the hip joint, it is a strong lateral rotator and adductor of the thigh, but also acts to stabilize the femoral head in the Acetabulum." [Wikipedia:Quadratus_femoris_muscle]
synonym: "musculus quadratus femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Quadratus_femoris_muscle]
synonym: "quadratus femoris muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Quadratus_femoris_muscle]
xref: FMA:22321
is_a: UBERON:0002000 {source="FMA"} ! gluteal muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008538
name: muscle of posterior compartment of thigh
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The posterior fascial compartment of the thigh contains the knee flexors and hip extensors. It consists of the following muscles: biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus The muscles here (except for the short head of the biceps femoris) are the hamstrings." [Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh]
synonym: "compartimentum femoris posterius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh]
synonym: "posterior fascial compartment of thigh" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh]
synonym: "posterior femoral muscle" EXACT [FMA:22427]
synonym: "posterior femoral muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_compartment_of_thigh]
xref: FMA:22427
is_a: UBERON:0004252 {source="FMA"} ! hindlimb stylopod muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008544
name: splenius cervicis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The splenius cervicis (splenius colli) arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae; it is inserted, by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three cervical vertebrae." [Wikipedia:Splenius_cervicis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus splenius cervicis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Splenius_cervicis_muscle]
synonym: "splenius cervicis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Splenius_cervicis_muscle]
xref: FMA:22681
is_a: UBERON:0002252 {source="FMA"} ! splenius
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001077 {source="dbpedia", notes="transverse processes of C1-C3"} ! transverse process of vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008546
name: iliocostalis cervicis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior)." [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis_muscle]
synonym: "erector spinae - iliocostalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "iliocostalis cervicis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "iliocostalis lumborum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "iliocostalis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "iliocostalis thoracis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
synonym: "iliocostalis thoracis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Iliocostalis]
xref: FMA:22704
is_a: UBERON:0002251 {source="FMA"} ! iliocostalis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008549
name: prevertebral muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The prevertebral muscles are the muscles located between the prevertebral fascia (older definition) and the vertebral column, i.e. , the longus capitis and longus colli muscles. It also includes the recti capitis anterior and lateralis." [Wikipedia:Prevertebral_muscles]
synonym: "flexor muscle of vertebral column" EXACT [FMA:32514]
xref: FMA:32514
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008571
name: suprahyoid muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The term suprahyoid refers to the region above (superior to) the hyoid bone in the neck. The suprahyoid muscles include digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid." [Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "musculi suprahyoidei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "suprahyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles]
synonym: "suprahyoidala" RELATED [Wikipedia:Suprahyoid_muscles]
xref: FMA:46290
xref: SCTID:244824003
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008572
name: posterior crico-arytenoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are extremely small, paired muscles that extend from the posterior cricoid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages laterally, these muscles abduct the vocal cords and thereby open the rima glottidis. Their action opposes the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). Paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles may lead to asphyxiation as they are the only laryngeal muscles to open the true vocal folds, allowing inspiration and expiration." [Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus posterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytaenoideus posterior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus cricoarytenoideus posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "posterior cricoarytenoid muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Posterior_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "posterior cricoarytenoideus" EXACT [FMA:46576]
xref: FMA:46576
xref: SCTID:244812005
is_a: UBERON:0010932 ! crico-arytenoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0008573 {source="dbpedia"} ! lateral crico-arytenoid
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001740 {notes="muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage", source="dbpedia"} ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002375 {notes="posterior part of the cricoid", source="dbpedia"} ! cricoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008573
name: lateral crico-arytenoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The lateral cricoarytenoid (also anterior cricoarytenoid) muscles extend from the lateral cricoid cartilage to the ipsilateral arytenoid cartilage. By rotating the arytenoid cartilages medially, these muscles adduct the vocal cords and thereby close the rima glottidis, protecting the airway. (Their action is antagonistic to that of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. ) The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles receive innervation from the recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)." [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus lateralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoaryt%c3%a6noideus lateralis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytaenoideus lateralis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytaenoideus lateralis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral cricoarytenoid muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "lateral cricoarytenoideus" EXACT [FMA:46579]
synonym: "musculus cricoarytenoideus lateralis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_cricoarytenoid_muscle]
xref: FMA:46579
xref: SCTID:244813000
is_a: UBERON:0010932 ! crico-arytenoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0008572 {source="dbpedia"} ! posterior crico-arytenoid
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001740 {notes="muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage", source="dbpedia"} ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002375 {notes="lateral part of the arch of the cricoid", source="dbpedia"} ! cricoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008574
name: transverse arytenoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The tranverse arytenoid crosses transversely between the two cartilages. It is an unpaired muscle running from one arytenoid to another to pull the arytenoids together." [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "arytenoid transversus" RELATED []
synonym: "tranverse arytenoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_arytenoid]
xref: FMA:46582
is_a: UBERON:0010958 ! arytenoid muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008575
name: oblique arytenoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The oblique arytenoid, the more superficial Arytenoid muscle, forms two fasciculi, which pass from the base of one cartilage to the apex of the opposite one, and therefore cross each other like the limbs of the letter X; a few fibers are continued around the lateral margin of the cartilage, and are prolonged into the aryepiglottic fold; they are sometimes described as a separate muscle, the Aryepiglotticus. The aryepiglottic muscle together with the transverse arytenoid and the thyroarytenoid work as a sphincter and close the larynx as we swallow or cough. Its innervation is by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (from vagus) just like all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle." [Wikipedia:Oblique_arytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "arytenoid obliquus" RELATED []
synonym: "oblique arytenoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Oblique_arytenoid]
xref: FMA:46583
is_a: UBERON:0010958 ! arytenoid muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008576
name: thyro-arytenoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Thyroarytenoid is a broad, thin, muscle which lies parallel with and lateral to the vocal fold, and supports the wall of the ventricle and its appendix. It functions in fine tonal control of the vocal cords." [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus thyroarytenoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreoaryt%c3%a6noideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreoaryt%c3%a6noideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreoarytaenoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreoarytaenoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyreoepiglotticus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyro-arytenoid %26 vocalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyro-arytenoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyroaryt%c3%a6noideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyroarytenoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "thyroarytenoid muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "ventricularis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "ventricularis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Thyroarytenoid_muscle]
xref: FMA:46588
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroarytenoid_Muscle
xref: SCTID:91561000
is_a: UBERON:0006328 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001740 {notes="Anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage", source="dbpedia"} ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001738 {notes="Inner surface of the thyroid cartilage", source="dbpedia"} ! thyroid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008577
name: vocalis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The vocal muscle is the upper portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle which is primarily involved in producing speech." [Wikipedia:Vocal_muscle]
synonym: "musculus vocalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vocal_muscle]
synonym: "vocal muscle" EXACT [FMA:46591]
synonym: "vocalis muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:46591
xref: ncithesaurus:Vocalis_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006328 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008576 {source="Wikipedia"} ! thyro-arytenoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008582
name: superior longitudinal muscle of tongue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Longitudinalis linguC& superior (Superior lingualis) is a thin stratum of oblique and longitudinal fibers immediately underlying the mucous membrane on the dorsum of the tongue." [Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "longitudinalis lingu%c3%a6 superior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "longitudinalis linguae superior" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "musculus longitudinalis superior" EXACT [FMA:46693]
synonym: "musculus longitudinalis superior linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "superior longitudinal muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_longitudinal_muscle_of_tongue]
xref: FMA:46693
xref: SCTID:244790006
is_a: UBERON:0001576 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic muscle of tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008583
name: transverse muscle of tongue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Transversus linguC& (tansverse lingualis) is a muscle of the tongue. It consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue." [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "musculus transversus linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "transverse lingual muscle" EXACT [FMA:46695]
synonym: "transverse muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "transversus lingu%c3%a6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "transversus linguae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "transversus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_tongue]
xref: FMA:46695
xref: SCTID:244792003
is_a: UBERON:0001576 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic muscle of tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008584
name: vertical muscle of tongue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Verticalis linguC& (Vertical lingualis) is found only at the borders of the forepart of the tongue. Its fibers extend from the upper to the under surface of the organ." [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "musculus verticalis linguae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "vertical lingual muscle" EXACT [FMA:46696]
synonym: "vertical muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "verticalis lingu%c3%a6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "verticalis lingu%c3%a6 muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "verticalis linguae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "verticalis linguae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
synonym: "verticalis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Vertical_muscle_of_tongue]
xref: FMA:46696
xref: SCTID:244793008
is_a: UBERON:0001576 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic muscle of tongue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008585
name: levator veli palatini
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The levator veli palatini is the elevator muscle of the velum palatinum in the human body. During swallowing, it contracts, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx. It is innervated via the pharyngeal plexus, primarily by the vagus nerve (CN X). The levator veli palatini (Levator palati) is a thick, rounded muscle situated lateral to the choanC&. It arises from the under surface of the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone and from the medial lamina of the cartilage of the auditory tube. After passing above the upper concave margin of the Constrictor pharyngis superior it spreads out in the palatine velum, its fibers extending obliquely downward and medially to the middle line, where they blend with those of the opposite side." [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
synonym: "levator palati" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
synonym: "levator veli" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
synonym: "levator veli palatini muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
synonym: "levator velum palatini muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
synonym: "musculus levator veli palatini" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_veli_palatini]
xref: FMA:46727
xref: SCTID:244795001
is_a: UBERON:0003682 {source="FMA"} ! palatal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001678 {source="dbpedia"} ! temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008586
name: tensor veli palatini
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The tensor veli palatini (tensor palati) is a broad, thin, ribbon-like muscle in the head that tenses the soft palate." [Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle]
synonym: "musculus tensor veli palatini" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle]
synonym: "tensor palati" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle]
synonym: "tensor palati muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle]
synonym: "tensor veli palatini" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tensor_veli_palatini_muscle]
synonym: "tensor veli palatini muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:46730
xref: SCTID:361815003
is_a: UBERON:0003682 {source="FMA"} ! palatal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008588
name: procerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Procerus is a small pyramidal slip of muscle deep to the superior orbital nerve, artery and vein." [Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle]
synonym: "depressor glabellae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus procerus, pyramidalis nasi, depressor glabellae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle]
synonym: "procerus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle]
synonym: "pyramidalis nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Procerus_muscle]
xref: FMA:46769
is_a: UBERON:0008522 {source="FMA"} ! nasal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008589
name: depressor septi nasi
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The depressor septi (Depressor alE nasi) arises from the incisive fossa of the maxilla. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle. It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip." [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "depressor al%c3%a6 nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "depressor alae nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "depressor septi" EXACT [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "depressor septi nasi muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "musculus depressor septi nasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Depressor_septi_nasi_muscle]
xref: FMA:46777
xref: SCTID:244733006
is_a: UBERON:0008522 {source="FMA"} ! nasal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia", notes="incisive fossa of the maxilla"} ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008591
name: depressor supercilii
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Depressor Supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body. The nature of this muscle is in some dispute. Few printed anatomies include it (Netter, et al. ) and many authorities consider it to be part of the orbicularis oculi muscle . On the other hand, many dermatologists, ophthalmologists and plastic surgeons hold that the depressor supercilli is a distinct muscle and has a definite, individual effect on the movement of the eybrow and skin of the glabella." [Wikipedia:Depressor_supercilii_muscle]
synonym: "depressor supercilii muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_supercilii_muscle]
synonym: "musculus depressor supercilii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Depressor_supercilii_muscle]
xref: FMA:46798
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of face
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001697 {source="dbpedia", notes="Medial aspect of bony orbit"} ! orbit

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008592
name: levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the \"lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose\". It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal." [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "alaeque" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "elvis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "levator labii superioris alaequae nasi muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "levator labii superioris alaeque nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
synonym: "musculus levator labii superioris alaequae nasi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Levator_labii_superioris_alaeque_nasi_muscle]
xref: FMA:46802
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of face
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia"} ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008593
name: zygomaticus major
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Zygomatic major is a muscle of the human body. It is a muscle of facial expression which draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly. Like all muscles of facial expression, the zygomatic major is innervated by the facial nerve (Cranial Nerve VII). The Zygomaticus extends from each zygomatic arch to the corners of the mouth. It raises the corners of the mouth when a person smiles. Dimples may be caused by variations in the structure of this muscle." [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "musculus zygomaticus major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "zygomatic major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "zygomatic major muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "zygomatic muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "zygomaticcus major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
synonym: "zygomaticus major" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_major_muscle]
xref: FMA:46810
xref: ncithesaurus:Zygomaticus_Major
xref: SCTID:244739005
is_a: UBERON:0010437 ! zygomaticus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008594
name: zygomaticus minor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The zygomaticus minor is a muscle of facial expression. It originates from malar bone and continues with orbicularis oculi on the lateral face of the Levator labii superioris and then inserts into the outer part of the upper lip. Do not confuse this with the Zygomaticus major, which insets into the angle of the mouth. It draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward (used in making sad facial expressions). &lt;/gallery&gt; Like all muscles of facial expression, it is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)." [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_minor_muscle]
synonym: "zygomaticus minor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Zygomaticus_minor_muscle]
xref: FMA:46811
xref: ncithesaurus:Zygomaticus_Minor
is_a: UBERON:0010437 ! zygomaticus muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001683 {source="dbpedia"} ! zygomatic bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008595
name: levator anguli oris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen. Its fibers are inserted into the angle of the mouth, intermingling with those of the Zygomaticus, Triangularis, and Orbicularis oris." [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris_muscle]
synonym: "caninus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris]
synonym: "caninus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris]
synonym: "levator anguli oris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris]
synonym: "levator anguli oris muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris]
synonym: "musculus levator anguli oris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Levator_anguli_oris]
xref: FMA:46822
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of face
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia"} ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008596
name: mentalis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Mentalis is a paired central muscle of the lower lip, situated at the tip of the chin. It raises and pushes up the lower lip, causing wrinkling of the chin, as in doubt or displeasure. It is ometimes referred to as the \"pouting muscle. \" Its fibers arise from the incisive fossa of the mandible, then course vertically downward to insert in the skin of the chin. A movement disorder of the mentalis muscle is Geniospasm which is a benign but socially excluding genetic disorder." [Wikipedia:Mentalis]
synonym: "mentalis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Mentalis]
synonym: "musculus mentalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Mentalis]
synonym: "musculus mentalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Mentalis]
xref: FMA:46825
xref: SCTID:244744003
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of face
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0008199 {source="dbpedia"} ! chin
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001684 {source="dbpedia"} ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008597
name: depressor anguli oris
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Depressor anguli oris (Triangularis) arises from the oblique line of the mandible, whence its fibers converge, to be inserted, by a narrow fasciculus, into the angle of the mouth." [Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle]
synonym: "depressor anguli oris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle]
synonym: "musculus depressor anguli oris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle]
synonym: "triangularis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle]
synonym: "triangularis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Depressor_anguli_oris_muscle]
xref: FMA:46828
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of face
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001684 {notes="tubercle of mandible", source="dbpedia"} ! mandible

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008598
name: risorius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The risorius arises in the fascia over the parotid gland and, passing horizontally forward, superficial to the platysma, inserts onto the skin at the angle of the mouth. It is a narrow bundle of fibers, broadest at its origin, but varies much in its size and form." [Wikipedia:Risorius]
synonym: "musculus risorius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Risorius]
synonym: "risorius muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Risorius]
xref: FMA:46838
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of face

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008603
name: helicis major
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Helicis major is a narrow vertical band situated upon the anterior margin of the helix. It arises below, from the spina helicis, and is inserted into the anterior border of the helix, just where it is about to curve backward." [Wikipedia:Helicis_major]
synonym: "musculus helicis major" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Helicis_major]
xref: FMA:48968
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008604
name: helicis minor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Helicis minor is an oblique fasciculus, covering the crus helicis." [Wikipedia:Helicis_minor]
synonym: "musculus helicis minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Helicis_minor]
xref: FMA:48971
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008605
name: tragicus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Tragicus is a short, flattened vertical band on the lateral surface of the tragus." [Wikipedia:Tragicus]
synonym: "musculus tragicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tragicus]
xref: FMA:48974
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008606
name: antitragicus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Antitragicus arises from the outer part of the antitragus, and is inserted into the cauda helicis and antihelix." [Wikipedia:Antitragicus]
synonym: "musculus antitragicus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Antitragicus]
xref: FMA:48980
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008607
name: transverse muscle of auricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The transverse muscle of auricle is placed on the cranial surface of the pinna. It consists of scattered fibers, partly tendinous and partly muscular, extending from the eminentia conchae to the prominence corresponding with the scapha." [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "musculus transversus auriculae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "transverse muscle of pinna" EXACT [FMA:48983]
synonym: "transversus auriculae" EXACT [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "transversus auricularis" EXACT [FMA:48983]
xref: FMA:48983
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008608
name: oblique muscle of auricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The oblique muscle of auricle, on the cranial surface, consists of a few fibers extending from the upper and back part of the concha to the convexity immediately above it." [Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "musculus obliquus auriculae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "oblique muscle of pinna" EXACT [FMA:48986]
synonym: "obliquus auricul%c3%a6" RELATED [Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "obliquus auriculae" EXACT [Wikipedia:Oblique_muscle_of_auricle]
synonym: "obliquus auricularis muscle" EXACT [FMA:48986]
xref: FMA:48986
xref: SCTID:244768006
is_a: UBERON:0001596 {source="FMA"} ! intrinsic auricular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008609
name: transversus menti
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The transversus menti, or transverse muscle of the chin, is a facial muscle that is often considered to be the superficial fibers of the depressor anguli oris muscle which cross to the other side of the face." [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_the_chin]
synonym: "musculus transversus menti" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_the_chin]
synonym: "transverse menti" EXACT [FMA:49080]
synonym: "transversus menti" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transverse_muscle_of_the_chin]
xref: FMA:49080
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of face

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008611
name: scalene muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The scalene muscles (from greek ON:N1N;N7N=OO, \"skew\") are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior. They are innervated by the spinal nerves C4-C8." [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "lateral cervical muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "lateral cervical muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "lateral vertebral muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "m scalenus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scalene muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scalene muscles" EXACT [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scalenes" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scaleni" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scalenus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalene_muscles]
synonym: "scalenus muscle" EXACT [FMA:64829]
xref: FMA:64829
xref: ncithesaurus:Scalene_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244843003
is_a: UBERON:0002377 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of neck
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004601 {source="dbpedia", notes="first and second ribs"} ! rib 1
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004602 {source="dbpedia", notes="first and second ribs"} ! rib 2
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002413 {source="dbpedia"} ! cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008612
name: muscle of pelvic diaphragm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. The pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region below. The right and left levator ani lie almost horizontally in the floor of the pelvis, separated by a narrow gap that transmits the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. The levator ani is usually considered in three parts: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus. The pubococcygeus, the main part of the levator, runs backward from the body of the pubis toward the coccyx and may be damaged during parturition. Some fibers are inserted into the prostate, urethra, and vagina. The right and left puborectalis unite behind the anorectal junction to form a muscular sling . Some regard them as a part of the sphincter ani externus. The iliococcygeus, the most posterior part of the levator ani, is often poorly developed. The coccygeus, situated behind the levator ani and frequently tendinous as much as muscular, extends from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx. The pelvic cavity of the true pelvis has the pelvic floor as its inferior border (and the pelvic brim as its superior border. ) The perineum has the pelvic floor as its superior border. Some sources do not consider \"pelvic floor\" and \"pelvic diaphragm\" to be identical, with the \"diaphragm\" consisting of only the levator ani and coccygeus, while the \"floor\" also includes the perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch. However, other sources include the fascia as part of the diaphragm. In practice, the two terms are often used interchangeably. Inferiorly, the pelvic floor extends into the anal triangle." [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
synonym: "diaphragm of the pelvis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
synonym: "diaphragma pelvis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
synonym: "muscle of pelvic floor" EXACT [FMA:64856]
synonym: "pelvic diaphragm" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
synonym: "pelvic diaphragm muscle" EXACT [FMA:64856]
synonym: "pelvic floor muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
synonym: "pelvic muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pelvic_floor]
xref: FMA:64856
xref: ncithesaurus:Pelvic_Floor_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001325 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of pelvis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008617
name: innermost intercostal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Innermost intercostal muscle is a layer of intercostal muscle beneath the intercostal nerves and internal intercostal muscles. These are divided into transversus thoracis anteriorly, lateral muscle slips laterally and subcostalis posteriorly." [Wikipedia:Innermost_intercostal_muscle]
synonym: "musculus intercostalis intimus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Innermost_intercostal_muscle]
synonym: "musculus intercostalis intimus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Innermost_intercostal_muscle]
xref: FMA:9758
xref: SCTID:368054008
is_a: UBERON:0001111 {source="FMA"} ! intercostal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {notes="Inferior border of the rib above", source="dbpedia"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 {source="dbpedia", notes="Upper border of a rib"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008618
name: subcostal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Subcostales (Infracostales) consist of muscular and aponeurotic fasciculi, which are usually well-developed only in the lower part of the thorax; each originates from the inner surface of one rib, and is inserted into the inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle. Their fibers run in the same direction as those of the Intercostales interni." [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus subcostalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "subcostal muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "subcostales" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "subcostales muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "subcostales muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
synonym: "subcostalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subcostalis_muscle]
xref: FMA:9759
xref: SCTID:244914005
is_a: UBERON:0002426 {source="FMA"} ! chest muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002228 {notes="inner surface of the second or third rib below near its angle", source="dbpedia"} ! rib
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002228 {notes="inner surface of one rib", source="dbpedia"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008622
name: scalenus anterior
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus), also known as anterior scalene muscle, lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the Sternocleidomastoideus. It arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrC&, and descending, almost vertically, is inserted by a narrow, flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib, and into the ridge on the upper surface of the rib in front of the subclavian groove." [Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior]
synonym: "anterior scalene" EXACT [Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior]
synonym: "musculus scalenus anterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior]
synonym: "scalenus anterior muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior]
synonym: "scalenus anticus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Scalenus_anterior]
xref: FMA:13385
is_a: UBERON:0008611 {source="FMA"} ! scalene muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004601 {source="dbpedia"} ! rib 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002413 {source="dbpedia"} ! cervical vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008712
name: stylohyoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying anterior, and superior of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It shares this muscle's innervation by the facial nerve." [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "musculus stylohyoideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "stylohyoid" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "stylohyoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "stylohyoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
synonym: "stylohyoideus muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylohyoid_muscle]
xref: FMA:9625
xref: SCTID:244826001
is_a: UBERON:0008571 {source="FMA"} ! suprahyoid muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003997 {source="dbpedia", notes="greater cornu of hyoid bone"} ! hyoid bone greater horn
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003960 {source="dbpedia"} ! styloid process of temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008713
name: pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001421
xref: RETIRED_EHDAA2:0001422
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008715
name: muscle tissue of prostate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "prostate gland muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
synonym: "prostate muscle tissue" EXACT [OBOL:automatic]
xref: ncithesaurus:Prostatic_Muscular_Tissue
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008772
name: proximal epiphysis of tibia
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "head of tibia" EXACT [FMA:33113]
synonym: "proximal end of tibia" EXACT [FMA:33113]
synonym: "upper end of tibia" EXACT [FMA:33113]
xref: FMA:33113
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Tibia
xref: SCTID:302526005
is_a: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004383 ! epiphysis of tibia
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008775
name: proximal epiphysis of fibula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "head of fibula" EXACT [FMA:33729]
synonym: "proximal end of fibula" EXACT [FMA:33729]
synonym: "upper end of fibula" EXACT [FMA:33729]
xref: FMA:33729
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_of_the_Fibula
xref: SCTID:182080006
is_a: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
is_a: UBERON:0004388 ! epiphysis of fibula
intersection_of: UBERON:0004380 ! proximal epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001446 ! fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008777
name: hypaxial musclulature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "trunk muscles that lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae." [Wikipedia:Epaxial_and_Hypaxial_muscles]
synonym: "hypaxial muscle" RELATED [XAO:0003228]
xref: AAO:0000228
xref: XAO:0003228
is_a: UBERON:0004479 ! musculature of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003895 ! hypaxial myotome region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 {source="XAO"} ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008778
name: epaxial musclulature
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "trunk muscles that lies dorsal to the horizontal septum." [Wikipedia:Epaxial_and_Hypaxial_muscles]
synonym: "epaxial muscle" EXACT [XAO:0003229]
xref: AAO:0000142
xref: XAO:0003229
is_a: UBERON:0004479 ! musculature of trunk
intersection_of: UBERON:0001015 ! musculature
intersection_of: develops_from UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0003900 ! epaxial myotome region
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001774 {source="XAO"} ! muscle of trunk

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008779
name: subclavius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Subclavius is a small triangular muscle, placed between the clavicle and the first rib. Along with the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles, the subclavius muscle makes up the anterior wall of the axilla." [Wikipedia:Subclavius_muscle]
synonym: "musculus subclavius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Subclavius_muscle]
synonym: "subclavicular muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Subclavius_muscle]
xref: FMA:13410
xref: ncithesaurus:Subclavius
is_a: UBERON:0001495 {source="FMA"} ! pectoral muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001105 {source="dbpedia", notes="subclavian groove of clavicle"} ! clavicle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004601 {source="dbpedia"} ! rib 1

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008786
name: third trochanter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The upper part of the gluteal tuberosity is often elongated into a roughened crest, on which a more or less well-marked, rounded tubercle, the third trochanter, is occasionally developed." [Wikipedia:Third_trochanter]
synonym: "trochanter tertius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Third_trochanter]
xref: FMA:75824
is_a: UBERON:0000980 {source="Wikipedia"} ! trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004412 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008787
name: fourth trochanter
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a knob-like feature on the medial side of the femur that serves as a muscle attachment." [Wikipedia:Fourth_trochanter]
comment: The fourth trochanter first appeared in the Erythrosuchidae, large basal archosaurian predators of the early Triassic period. This seemingly insignificant detail may have made the evolution of dinosaurs possible (all early dinosaurs and many later ones were bipeds), and may also be connected with the ability of the archosaurs or their immediate ancestors to survive the catastrophic Permian-Triassic extinction event[WP].
is_a: UBERON:0000980 {source="Wikipedia"} ! trochanter

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008788
name: posterior cranial fossa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The infratentorial compartment that contains the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM. It is formed by the posterior third of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid (SPHENOID BONE), by the occipital, the petrous, and mastoid portions of the TEMPORAL BONE, and the posterior inferior angle of the PARIETAL BONE." [MESH:A.01.456.830.200, Wikipedia:Posterior_cranial_fossa]
synonym: "fossa cranii posterior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Posterior_cranial_fossa]
synonym: "posterior fossa" BROAD [ncithesaurus:Posterior]
xref: FMA:54368
xref: GAID:85
xref: MESH:A.01.456.830.200
xref: ncithesaurus:Posterior_Fossa
is_a: UBERON:0008789 ! cranial fossa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008789
name: cranial fossa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "any of the three large depressions in the posterior, middle, and anterior aspects of the floor of the cranial cavity" [http://mw1.merriam-webster.com/medical/cranial%20fossa]
comment: editor note - todo - review the relationships for this and its subclasses; the relation should be bounded rather than part of, and contains should be used for the brain parts contained by the fossae
is_a: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
intersection_of: UBERON:0004704 ! bone fossa
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003128 ! cranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008799
name: transverse palatine fold
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a masticatory vestige on the hard palate; one of several irregular, sometimes branching, crests of soft tissue that radiate from the region of the incisive papillae at their most anterior parts and extend a slight distance backward, crossing the hard palate and reaching laterally for variable distances." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html]
comment: note that this class refers to the singular and the FMA class refers to the set. In future this class may be split.
synonym: "palatine fold" EXACT [FMA:75652]
synonym: "palatine rugae" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:75652]
synonym: "plica palatina transversa" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html]
synonym: "plicae palatinae transversae" EXACT [FMA:75652, FMA:TA]
synonym: "ruga of palate" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "ruga palatina" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html]
synonym: "rugae of palate" EXACT PLURAL [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "rugae palatinae" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:75652, FMA:TA]
synonym: "transverse palatine folds" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:75652]
synonym: "transverse palatine folds set" EXACT PLURAL [FMA:75652]
synonym: "transverse palatine ridge" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/transverse-palatine-fold.html]
xref: FMA:75652
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003216 ! hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008804
name: stylopharyngeus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The stylopharyngeus is a muscle in the head that stretches between the styloid process and the pharynx." [Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "M. stylopharyngeus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus stylopharyngeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus stylopharyngeus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "stylopharyngeus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Stylopharyngeus_muscle]
xref: FMA:46664
xref: ncithesaurus:Stylopharyngeus
xref: SCTID:244806000
is_a: UBERON:0000933 {source="FMA"} ! pharyngeal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia", notes="thyroid cartilage"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003960 {source="dbpedia"} ! styloid process of temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008809
name: foramina of scarpa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In the maxilla, occasionally two additional canals are present in the middle line of the palatine process; they are termed the foramina of Scarpa, and when present transmit the nasopalatine nerves, the left passing through the anterior, and the right through the posterior canal." [Wikipedia:Foramina_of_Scarpa]
synonym: "foramina of scarpa" RELATED [Wikipedia:Foramina_of_Scarpa]
xref: Wikipedia:Foramina_of_Scarpa
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005871 ! palatine process of maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008813
name: helicotrema
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The part of the cochlear labyrinth where the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli meet. It is the main component of the cochlear apex. The hair cells in this area best detect low frequency sounds." [Wikipedia:Helicotrema]
synonym: "apex of cochlea" BROAD [Wikipedia:Cochlea]
synonym: "cochlear apex" BROAD [Wikipedia:Cochlea]
synonym: "Scarpa's orifice" EXACT [FMA:61275]
xref: FMA:61275
xref: ncithesaurus:Helicotrema
xref: SCTID:279775003
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002499 {source="Wikipedia"} ! cochlear labyrinth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008828
name: presphenoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The anterior part of the body of the sphenoid bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult." [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Presphenoid+bone, Wikipedia:Ossification_of_sphenoid#Presphenoid]
comment: todo - account for developmental change
synonym: "presphenoidal bone" EXACT [SCTID:95949009]
xref: MA:0001470
xref: SCTID:95949009
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 {source="MA"} ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 {source="MA"} ! sphenoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008831
name: inner spiral sulcus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a concavity in the floor of the cochlear duct formed by the overhanging vestibular lip." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/inner-spiral-sulcus.html]
comment: part_of spiral sulcus in MA
synonym: "internal spiral sulcus" EXACT [MA:0001197]
synonym: "sulcus spiralis internus" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/inner-spiral-sulcus.html]
xref: FMA:77850
xref: MA:0001197
is_a: UBERON:0002277 {source="FMA"} ! spiral sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008832
name: outer spiral sulcus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a concavity in the outer wall of the cochlear duct between the spiral prominence and the spiral organ." [http://www.drugs.com/dict/outer-spiral-sulcus.html]
comment: part_of spiral sulcus in MA
synonym: "external spiral sulcus" EXACT [MA:0001196]
synonym: "sulcus spiralis externus" EXACT [http://www.drugs.com/dict/outer-spiral-sulcus.html]
xref: FMA:77851
xref: MA:0001196
is_a: UBERON:0002277 {source="FMA"} ! spiral sulcus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008846
name: skeletal ligament
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament." [FMA:25624]
synonym: "articular larua" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ligament]
synonym: "articular ligament" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ligament]
synonym: "fibrous ligament" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ligament]
synonym: "ligament" BROAD [VSAO:0000072, ZFA:0001675]
synonym: "true ligament" EXACT [Wikipedia:Ligament]
xref: AAO:0010444
xref: AEO:0000090
xref: EHDAA2:0003232
xref: EV:0100144
xref: FMA:25624
xref: GAID:118
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg/200px-Knee_diagram.svg.png
xref: MA:0003005
xref: MESH:A.02.513
xref: SCTID:410744003
xref: TAO:0001682
xref: VSAO:0000072
xref: ZFA:0001675
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001434 ! skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008854
name: root of molar tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the part of a molar tooth that is implanted in the gum; mandibular and maxillary molars usually have two and three roots, respectively." [MP:0011165]
synonym: "molar root" EXACT [FMA:85302]
synonym: "molar tooth root" EXACT [FMA:85302]
xref: FMA:85302
is_a: UBERON:0003677 {source="FMA"} ! tooth root
intersection_of: UBERON:0003677 ! tooth root
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003655 ! molar tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008856
name: stomach muscularis externa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines" [MP:0010779]
comment: todo - logical def
synonym: "gastric muscularis" EXACT [FMA:14909]
synonym: "muscularis externa of stomach" EXACT [FMA:14909]
synonym: "tunica muscularis (gaster)" EXACT [FMA:14909]
xref: FMA:14909
xref: SCTID:362132003
is_a: UBERON:0004222 ! stomach smooth muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008857
name: stomach smooth muscle circular layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the middle layer of the muscularis; it is continuous with the circular layer of the esophagus, but is absent in the fundus and lies concentric to the longitudinal axis of the stomach; the circular layer is normally tonically constricted forming a functional pyloric sphincter, which controls the movement of chyme into the duodenum" [MP:0010780]
comment: todo - check
synonym: "circular layer of gastric muscularis" EXACT [FMA:14911]
synonym: "stratum circulare (tunica muscularis)(gaster)" EXACT [FMA:14911]
xref: FMA:14911
xref: MA:0001628
xref: SCTID:2746007
is_a: UBERON:0004222 ! stomach smooth muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008856 ! stomach muscularis externa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008862
name: stomach smooth muscle inner oblique layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the innermost layer of the muscularis; it is not present in all sections of the stomach but is clearly seen in the fundus and near the lesser curvature of the corpus; the oblique fibers disappear distally (towards the pyloric antrum); the oblique layer is responsible for creating the motion that churns and physically breaks down the food" [MP:0010804]
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008856 ! stomach muscularis externa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008863
name: stomach smooth muscle outer longitudinal layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the most superficial layer of the muscularis; it has two sections, a longitudinal layer that is common with the esophagus and ends in the corpus, and a longitudinal layer that originates in the corpus and spreads into the duodenum" [MP:0010805]
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008856 ! stomach muscularis externa

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008867
name: trabecular network of bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the network of intersecting plates and spicules in cancellous bone which form a meshwork of intercommunicating spaces filled with blood vessels and marrow; in mature bone, the trabeculae are aligned in parallel with the lines of major compressive or tensile force" [MP:0010867]
comment: Editor note: consider revision - we have 3 classes, the tissue itself, the network, and the spaces.
synonym: "bone trabecula" RELATED [MP:0010867]
synonym: "bone trabeculae" RELATED [MP:0010867]
xref: MP:0010867
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_Trabeculae
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002483 {source="MP"} ! trabecular bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008876
name: hypodermis muscle layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the skeletal muscle layer in the superficial fascia" [MP:0011157]
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008879
name: ligament of pinna
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: subclasses (anterior, superior, posterior) can be added on request
synonym: "auricular ligament" EXACT [MA:0001228]
synonym: "ligament of auricle" EXACT [FMA:61035]
synonym: "pinna ligament" EXACT [FMA:61035]
xref: FMA:61035
xref: MA:0001228
xref: SCTID:362548009
is_a: UBERON:0008846 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal ligament

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008883
name: osteoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue[VSAO]. Unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix that forms prior to the maturation of bone tissue. Osteoblasts begin the process of forming bone tissue by secreting the osteoid as several specific proteins. When the osteoid becomes mineralized, it and the adjacent bone cells have developed into new bone tissue[WP]" [VSAO:0000046, Wikipedia:Osteoid]
comment: AO notes: request from GO?
synonym: "pre-bone" EXACT [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "prebone" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "prebone tissue" EXACT [FMA:66830]
xref: FMA:66830
xref: ncithesaurus:Osteoid
xref: SCTID:39365008
xref: VSAO:0000046
xref: XAO:0004035
is_a: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008895
name: pharyngeal arch skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: merge with viscerocranium?
synonym: "branchial arch skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "gill arch skeleton" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008907
name: dermal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm." [VSAO:0000130, VSAO:curator]
comment: Note that other AOs are not yet in sync with this classification
xref: AAO:0010769
xref: TAO:0001590
xref: VSAO:0000130
xref: XAO:0004015
xref: ZFA:0001590
is_a: UBERON:0007842 {source="VSAO"} ! membrane bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010364 {source="VSAO"} ! dermal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008909
name: perichordal bone tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding the notochord." [ZFIN:curator]
comment: Editor notes: Requires attenting - highly inconsistent in ZFA, TAO and VSAO
synonym: "perichordal bone" RELATED [ZFA:0001629]
synonym: "perichordal bones" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001629]
xref: AAO:0010777
xref: TAO:0001639
xref: ZFA:0001629
is_a: UBERON:0004763 {source="ZFA"} ! endochondral bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008911
name: chondral bone tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that forms within or surrounding a cartilaginous skeletal element." [zfin:curator]
comment: renamed to perichordal bone tissue
synonym: "chondral bone" RELATED [ZFA:0001693]
xref: AAO:0010774
xref: ZFA:0001693
is_a: UBERON:0004763 {source="ZFA"} ! endochondral bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008913
name: perichondral bone tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Replacement bone that forms within the connective tissue surrounding cartilage." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "perichondral bone" RELATED [ZFA:0001630]
synonym: "perichondral bones" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001630]
xref: AAO:0010779
xref: TAO:0001638
xref: ZFA:0001630
is_a: UBERON:0008911 {source="ZFA"} ! chondral bone tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008956
name: involucrum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a layer of new bone growth outside existing bone seen in pyogenic osteomyelitis. It results from the stripping off of the periosteum by the accumulation of pus within the bone, and new bone growing from the periosteum." [Wikipedia:Involucrum]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 {source="Wikipedia"} ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008957
name: sequestrum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a piece of dead bone that has become separated during the process of necrosis from normal/sound bone.." [Wikipedia:Sequestrum]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 {source="Wikipedia"} ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008958
name: cetacean involucrum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 {source="Wikipedia"} ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008959
name: auditory bulla
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a hollow bony structure on the ventral, posterior portion of the skull of placental mammals that encloses parts of the middle and inner ear. In most species, it is formed by the tympanic part of the temporal bone." [Wikipedia:Auditory_bulla]
comment: In extant primates, the structure is found in tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises
synonym: "tympanic bulla" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008962
name: forelimb bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a forelimb region. Examples: any hand phalanx, humerus. Counter-examples: scapula (it is part of the pectoral girdle)" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "free forelimb bone" EXACT [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "wing bone" NARROW SENSU [Geisha:syn]
xref: GAID:178
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087
xref: ncithesaurus:Bone_of_the_Upper_Extremity
xref: SCTID:368532003
is_a: UBERON:0002428 ! limb bone
is_a: UBERON:0010741 ! bone of pectoral complex
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010883 ! forelimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0008977
name: pes anserinus of leg
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The pes anserinus is the insertion of the conjoined tendons of three muscles onto the anteromedial (front and inside) surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia." [Wikipedia:Pes_anserinus_%28leg%29]
comment: Editors note: Consider adding muscle insertion site class
synonym: "pes anserine" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pes_anserinus_%28leg%29]
synonym: "pes anserinus" EXACT [BTO:0001507]
xref: BTO:0001507
xref: SCTID:360767004
is_a: UBERON:0004256 ! hindlimb zeugopod muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000979 ! tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009000
name: ischial spine
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bony process projecting backward and medialward from the posterior border of the ischium." [BTO:0004149]
xref: BTO:0004149
xref: FMA:17028
xref: SCTID:18074002
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 {source="BTO"} ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009005
name: femorotibial joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "One of the two primary bendings of a typical leg, pertains to the femur and the tibia." [BTO:0004396]
xref: BTO:0004396
xref: SCTID:182203004
is_a: UBERON:0004174 ! leg joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009013
name: white fibrocartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0000486
xref: SCTID:3008003
is_a: UBERON:0001995 {source="UBERON"} ! fibrocartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009078
name: pessulus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds" [http://www.encyclo.co.uk/webster/P/64]
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilaginous element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009116
name: thymoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A thymus-like lympho-epithelial structures, in the tips of the gill filaments and the neighbouring secondary lamellae (both within the gill basket) of lamprey larvae." [PMID:21293377]
comment: Genes: FOXN1
subset: organ_slim
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009119 ! branchial basket

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009119
name: branchial basket
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the network-like cartilaginous skeleton of the gill region of Petromyzontiformes and Holocephali" [http://www.briancoad.com/dictionary/DicPics/branchial%20basket.htm]
subset: cyclostome_subset
synonym: "gill basket" EXACT [http://www.briancoad.com/dictionary/DicPics/branchial%20basket.htm]
xref: http://dev.duit.uwa.edu.au/zoology/media/lamp/E19.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: has_part UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009132
name: peroneus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a group of three muscles fibularis (peronľus) longus, brevis, and tertius originating on the fibula and inserting on the metatarsals" [Wikipedia:Fibularis_muscles]
synonym: "fibularis" EXACT []
synonym: "fibularis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneal muscle group" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneal muscles" EXACT []
synonym: "peroneus muscle" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0001450
xref: EHDAA:8297
xref: SCTID:181694005
is_a: UBERON:0002036 {source="EHDAA2"} ! striated muscle tissue
is_a: UBERON:0004256 ! hindlimb zeugopod muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009191
name: sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0003446
xref: EMAPA:18015
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001703 {source="EHDAA2"} ! neurocranium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EHDAA2"} ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009192
name: basisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "basi-sphenoid pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0003447]
xref: EHDAA2:0003447
xref: EMAPA:18013
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EHDAA2"} ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009193
name: sphenoid bone cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001888
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009191 ! sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EHDAA2"} ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009194
name: basisphenoid cartilage condenstion
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000166
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009192 {source="EHDAA2"} ! basisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009193 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid bone cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009197
name: basioccipital pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000165
xref: EHDAA:6033
xref: EMAPA:18012
xref: VHOG:0000959
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001692 {source="EHDAA2"} ! basioccipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EMAPA"} ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009198
name: craniofacial suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "any suture between cranial and/or facial bones." [GO:0097094]
comment: Editor notes: we follow GO in dividing sutures into cranial and facial and making a grouping class, but this is not consistent with FMA
is_a: UBERON:0002209 {source="FMA-abduced"} ! fibrous joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009199
name: facial suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "any suture between facial bones." [GO:0097096]
is_a: UBERON:0009198 {source="GO"} ! craniofacial suture

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009203
name: nasal suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a suture joining the nasal bones." [Wikipedia:Internasal_suture]
comment: SNOMED has different terms for nasal and internasal
synonym: "internasal suture" EXACT [FMA:52959, GO:0097097]
synonym: "internasal suture of skull" EXACT [FMA:52959]
synonym: "nasal suture of skull" EXACT [SCTID:368992007]
synonym: "sutura internasalis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Internasal_suture]
synonym: "sutura internasalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Internasal_suture]
xref: FMA:52959
xref: SCTID:368990004
xref: SCTID:368992007
is_a: UBERON:0009199 {source="GO"} ! facial suture
relationship: connects UBERON:0001681 ! nasal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009207
name: geschmacksstreifen
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Area between hard and soft palates rich in tastebuds." [UBERON:cjm]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 ! secondary palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009291
name: cartilaginous centrum of vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: cartilaginous centrum of vertebra[PMID:11746457]
xref: SCTID:317278007
is_a: UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilaginous element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009468
name: basiotic bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a small bone in the fetus between the basilar process and the basisphenoid." [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/basiotic+bone]
xref: SCTID:95946002
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009470
name: postsphenoidal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the posterior portion of the sphenoid bone developed in five separate parts consisting of a central basisphenoid, the two alisphenoids, and the two medial pterygoid laminae." [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/postsphenoid, Wikipedia:Ossification_of_sphenoid#Postsphenoid]
xref: SCTID:95950009
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 {source="cjm"} ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 {source="cjm"} ! sphenoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009554
name: coffin bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the bottommost bone in the equine leg and is encased by the hoof capsule. The distal phalanx articulates with both the middle phalanx and the distal sesamoid, forming the distal interphalangeal joint " [Wikipedia:Coffin_bone]
synonym: "equine distal phalanx" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pedal bone" EXACT [Wikipedia:Coffin_bone, Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Distal_phalanx]
is_a: UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009555
name: short pastern bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Middle_phalanx]
synonym: "equine middle phalanx" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0009558 ! pastern bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009556
name: long pastern bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Proximal_phalanx]
synonym: "equine proximal phalanx" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
is_a: UBERON:0009558 ! pastern bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009557
name: coffin joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "equine distal interphalangeal joint" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
xref: SCTID:196392002
is_a: UBERON:0006658 ! inter-phalangeal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009558
name: pastern bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of the pastern region of a horse limb." [Wikipedia:Pastern]
is_a: UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009559
name: metacarpal/tarsal-phalangeal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Editor notes: We include these joints as being part of the digits; this is consistent with the FMA, and makes classification easier. Note that digit and metapodial regions are part-disjoint
synonym: "fetlock" NARROW SENSU [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Fetlock]
synonym: "metacarpo-tarsophalangeal joint" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "metapodium-phalanx joint" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0003841 ! autopod joint
is_a: UBERON:0011139 ! synovial limb joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0003656 ! mesopodium bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
relationship: connects UBERON:0003656 ! mesopodium bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009568
name: trunk region of vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A collection of all skeletal elements in the subdivision of the vertebral column that is also part of the trunk." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "presacral region" RELATED [AAO:0000612]
synonym: "thoracolumbar region" RELATED [AAO:0000612]
xref: AAO:0000612
xref: ncithesaurus:Thoracolumbar_Region
xref: XAO:0003077
is_a: UBERON:0006077 ! subdivision of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009635
name: parachordal cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Chondrocranium chondrification center that fuses with cartilages derived from sclerotome region of occipital somites forming occipital bone, hypoglossal canals and foramen magnum." [ISBN10:1588903958, UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "parachordal cartilages" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001423]
xref: ncithesaurus:Parachordal_Cartilage
xref: TAO:0001423
xref: ZFA:0001423
is_a: UBERON:0003932 {source="ZFA"} ! chondrocranium cartilage
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0003110 {source="ZFA"} ! otic region
relationship: overlaps UBERON:0005902 {source="ZFA"} ! occipital region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009636
name: prechordal cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Chondrocranium chondrification center that that forms anterior body of sphenoid, containing the sella turcica and posterior body of sphenoid." [ISBN10:1588903958, UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0003932 {source="ZFA"} ! chondrocranium cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009637
name: alisphenoid ossification center
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "alisphenoid center" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0010355 ! ossification center

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009638
name: orbitosphenoid ossification center
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: merge with sphenoid lesser wing cartilage condensation?
synonym: "orbitosphenoid center" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0010355 ! ossification center

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009639
name: body of sphenoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The body of the sphenoid bone, more or less cubical in shape, is hollowed out in its interior to form two large cavities, the sphenoidal air sinuses, which are separated from each other by a septum." [Wikipedia:Body_of_sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "body of sphenoidal bone" EXACT [FMA:52867]
synonym: "central body of sphenoid" EXACT [FMA:52867]
synonym: "corpus (os sphenoidale)" EXACT [FMA:52867]
synonym: "corpus ossis sphenoidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_sphenoid_bone]
synonym: "sphenoid body" EXACT [FMA:52867]
xref: FMA:52867
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009636 {source="ISBN10:1588903958"} ! prechordal cartilage
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0009640 {source="ISBN10:1588903958"} ! hypophyseal cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001677 {source="FMA"} ! sphenoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002517 {source="FMA"} ! basicranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009640
name: hypophyseal cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "forms around the developing pituitary, and together with prechordal cartilages creates body of sphenoid bone" [ISBN10:1588903958]
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilaginous element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009678
name: tooth row
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster consisting of adjacent teeth constituting a row." [ZFIN:curator]
synonym: "row of teeth" EXACT [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "tooth rows" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001642]
xref: TAO:0001667
xref: ZFA:0001642
is_a: UBERON:0003672 ! dentition

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009679
name: set of lower jaw teeth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "lower jaw teeth" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001029]
xref: EHDAA2:0001029
is_a: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003278 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009680
name: set of upper jaw teeth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "upper jaw teeth" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002129]
xref: EHDAA2:0002129
is_a: UBERON:0009678 ! tooth row
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003277 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of upper jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009767
name: proximal interphalangeal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "PIJ joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "PIP joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
xref: FMA:65022
is_a: UBERON:0006658 ! inter-phalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0006658 ! inter-phalangeal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx
relationship: connects UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx
relationship: connects UBERON:0004302 ! proximal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009768
name: distal interphalangeal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "DIJ joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
synonym: "DIP joint" NARROW [Wikipedia:Interphalangeal_articulations_of_the_hand]
xref: FMA:65024
is_a: UBERON:0006658 ! inter-phalangeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0006658 ! inter-phalangeal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
relationship: connects UBERON:0004300 ! distal phalanx
relationship: connects UBERON:0004301 ! middle phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009779
name: cardiac muscle tissue of right auricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "cardiac muscle of right auricular region" EXACT [EMAPA:16826]
synonym: "left atrium auricular region heart muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004168]
xref: EHDAA2:0004168
xref: EMAPA:16826
xref: EMAPA:17324
xref: FMA:84280
is_a: UBERON:0003378 {source="FMA"} ! cardiac muscle of auricular region
is_a: UBERON:0003379 ! cardiac muscle of right atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009780
name: cardiac muscle tissue of left auricle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "cardiac muscle of left auricular region" EXACT [EMAPA:16818]
synonym: "right atrium auricular region heart muscle" EXACT [EHDAA2:0004169]
xref: EHDAA2:0004169
xref: EMAPA:16818
xref: EMAPA:17318
xref: FMA:84281
is_a: UBERON:0003378 {source="FMA"} ! cardiac muscle of auricular region
is_a: UBERON:0003380 ! cardiac muscle of left atrium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009858
name: outer fibrous layer of periosteum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "capsular layer of periosteum" EXACT [FMA:234354]
synonym: "fibrous layer of periosteum" EXACT [FMA:234354]
synonym: "outer fibrous layer of periosteum" EXACT [FMA:234354]
xref: FMA:234354
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002515 {source="FMA"} ! periosteum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009859
name: endosteum
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a thin layer of connective tissue that lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones" [Wikipedia:Endosteum]
xref: FMA:32692
xref: ncithesaurus:Endosteum
xref: SCTID:57487002
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009878
name: mesopodium skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a mesopodium. Examples: the tarsal skeleton, the carpal skeleton" [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "basipodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005022, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "basipodium skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:0005022, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "carpal/tarsal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "mesopodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005022, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "mesopodium skeleton" EXACT []
xref: VSAO:0005022
is_a: UBERON:0010712 ! limb skeleton subdivision
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0010546 ! metapodium skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! skeleton of autopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009879
name: tarsal skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Set of endochondral bones of the hindlimb increasing freedom of movement of the  autopodium and located between the  zeugopodium (tibia and fibula) and the  metapodium (metatarsals)." [VSAO:0005024, Wikipedia:Tarsus_(skeleton)]
comment: AO notes: we assume MA:tarsus belongs here, as there is a distinct class MA:ankle, with the tarsal bone being part of the former. XAO:tarsus is part of the hindlimb skeleton. FMA set-of class lacks definition but we assume this to be equivalent.
synonym: "basipodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005024]
synonym: "hind mesopodium" RELATED []
synonym: "hind mesopodium skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "mesopodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005024]
synonym: "set of tarsal bones" EXACT [FMA:71339]
synonym: "tarsus" RELATED [XAO:0003211]
xref: AAO:0000220
xref: EMAPA:25072
xref: FMA:71339
xref: GAID:1223
xref: MA:0000050
xref: SCTID:264228001
xref: VHOG:0001160
xref: VSAO:0005024
xref: XAO:0003211
is_a: UBERON:0009878 ! mesopodium skeleton
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0010545 ! metatarsus skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of foot
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009880
name: carpal skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In tetrapods, the carpals is the sole cluster of the bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers (or toes in quadrupeds), whereas those of the metacarpus do. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The carpal bones allow the wrist to move and rotate vertically, horizontally and laterally. In human anatomy, the main role of the carpus is to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and powerful use of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, but the mobility of individual carpal bones increase the freedom of movements at the wrist. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Carpus]
comment: AO notes: we assume MA:carpus belongs here, as there is a distinct class MA:wrist, with the carpal bone being part of the former. XAO:carpus is part of the forelimb skeleton. FMA set-of class lacks definition but we assume this to be equivalent. Taxon notes: The structure of the carpus varies widely between different groups of tetrapods, even among those that retain the full set of five digits. In primitive fossil amphibians, such as Eryops, the carpus consists of three rows of bones; a proximal row of three carpals, a second row of four bones, and a distal row of five bones. The proximal carpals are referred to as the radiale, intermediale, and ulnare, after their proximal articulations, and are homologous with the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetal bones respectively. The remaining bones are simply numbered, as the first to fourth centralia (singular: centrale), and the first to fifth distal carpals. Primitively, each of the distal bones appears to have articulated with a single metacarpal. However, the vast majority of later vertebrates, including modern amphibians, have undergone varying degrees of loss and fusion of these primitive bones, resulting in a smaller number of carpals. Almost all mammals and reptiles, for example, have lost the fifth distal carpal, and have only a single centrale - and even this is missing in humans. The pisiform bone is somewhat unusual, in that it first appears in primitive reptiles, and is never found in amphibians. Because many tetrapods have less than five digits on the forelimb, even greater degrees of fusion are common, and a huge array of different possible combinations are found. The wing of a modern bird, for example, has only two remaining carpals; the radiale (the scaphoid of mammals) and a bone formed from the fusion of four of the distal carpals. In some macropods, the scaphoid and lunar bones are fused into the scaphollunar bone[14] [Wikipedia:Carpus#Evolutionary_variations]
synonym: "carpal bones" EXACT [EMAPA:25056, FMA:71335]
synonym: "carpal bones set" EXACT [FMA:71335]
synonym: "carpus" RELATED [MA:0000040, XAO:0003207]
synonym: "fore mesopodium" RELATED [AAO:0000201]
synonym: "fore mesopodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "ossa carpi" EXACT []
synonym: "ossa carpi" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Carpus]
synonym: "set of carpal bones" RELATED [FMA:71335]
synonym: "skeleton of carpus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000201
xref: EMAPA:25056
xref: FMA:71335
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Carpus.svg/200px-Carpus.svg.png
xref: MA:0000040
xref: VHOG:0001161
xref: VSAO:0005023
xref: XAO:0003207
is_a: UBERON:0009878 ! mesopodium skeleton
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0010544 ! metacarpus skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of hand
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009919
name: ureter smooth muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter" [MP:0011426]
synonym: "ureteral smooth muscle" EXACT [NEW_MP:0011426]
synonym: "ureteral smooth muscle layer" EXACT [EMAPA:28844]
xref: EMAPA:28844
is_a: UBERON:0001135 ! smooth muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006855 ! ureter muscle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009960
name: esophagus smooth muscle circular layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "esophagus smooth muscle circular layer" RELATED [MA:0001574]
xref: FMA:67605
xref: MA:0001574
is_a: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002112 {source="MA"} ! smooth muscle of esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003832 {source="FMA"} ! esophagus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009961
name: esophagus smooth muscle longitudinal layer
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "esophagus smooth muscle longitudinal layer" RELATED [MA:0001575]
synonym: "longitudinal muscle layer of esophagus" EXACT [FMA:63573]
xref: FMA:63573
xref: MA:0001575
is_a: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002112 {source="MA"} ! smooth muscle of esophagus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003832 {source="FMA"} ! esophagus muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009966
name: internodal tract
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Subdivision of conducting systemof heart which consists of the anterior, middle and  posterior internodal tracts  beneath the endocardium of interatrial septum and above the attachment of the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve." [FMA:9479]
comment: evidence is sparse [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=-483065798] There is some functional evidence for the existence of specialized conducting pathways within the atria (termed internodal tracts), although this is controversial[http://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A003.htm]. Editor note: include 3 subtypes?
synonym: "interatrial conduction tract" EXACT []
synonym: "internodal conduction tract" EXACT []
synonym: "internodal fasciculus" EXACT [FMA:9479]
synonym: "internodal tract muscle tissue" EXACT [FMA:9479]
xref: FMA:9479
is_a: UBERON:0002385 ! muscle tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002350 {source="FMA"} ! conducting system of heart

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009977
name: natal tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Predeciduous teeth present at birth. They may be well formed and normal or may represent hornified epithelial structures without roots. They are found on the gingivae over the crest of the ridge and arise from accessory buds of the dental lamina ahead of the deciduous buds or from buds of the accessory dental lamina. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)" [MESH:A.14.254.860.700.500]
synonym: "natal teeth" EXACT PLURAL [GAID:1267]
synonym: "natal tooth" RELATED [GAID:1267]
xref: GAID:1267
xref: MESH:A.14.254.860.700.500
is_a: UBERON:0007115 {source="GAID"} ! deciduous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009978
name: epicondyle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [Wikipedia:Epicondyle]
synonym: "epicondylus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Epicondyle]
xref: FMA:75435
xref: ncithesaurus:Epicondyle
xref: SCTID:333209006
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009979
name: condyle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint - an articulation with another bone[WP]." [Wikipedia:Condyle_(anatomy)]
xref: FMA:75434
xref: ncithesaurus:Condyle
xref: SCTID:91737009
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009980
name: condyle of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "condylus femoralis" EXACT []
synonym: "condylus femoris" EXACT []
synonym: "femoral condyle" EXACT []
synonym: "fibular condyle" RELATED [AAO:0000900]
xref: AAO:0000900
xref: FMA:32855
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
is_a: UBERON:0009979 ! condyle
intersection_of: UBERON:0009979 ! condyle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004406 ! distal epiphysis of femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004406 ! distal epiphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009984
name: medial condyle of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. The medial condyle is larger than the lateral (outer) condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the center of gravity being medial to the knee. On the posterior surface of the condyle the linea aspera (a ridge running down the posterior shaft of the femur) turns into the medial supracondylar ridge. The outermost protrusion on the medial surface of the medial condyle is referred to as the \"medial epicondyle\" and can be palpated by running fingers medially from the patella with the knee in flexion." [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur]
synonym: "c. medialis femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur]
synonym: "c. medialis femoris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur]
synonym: "medial condyle of the femur" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_femur]
xref: FMA:32858
xref: SCTID:182056007
is_a: UBERON:0009980 ! condyle of femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004406 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009985
name: lateral condyle of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur. It is the more prominent and is the broader both in its antero-posterior and transverse diameters" [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur]
synonym: "c. lateralis femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur]
synonym: "c. lateralis femoris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur]
synonym: "lateral condyle of the femur" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_femur]
xref: FMA:32859
xref: SCTID:182057003
is_a: UBERON:0009980 ! condyle of femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004406 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009986
name: lateral epicondyle of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The lateral epicondyle of the femur, smaller and less prominent than the medial epicondyle, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. Directly below it is a small depression from which a smooth well-marked groove curves obliquely upward and backward to the posterior extremity of the condyle." [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
synonym: "e. lateralis femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
synonym: "epicondylus lateralis (femur)" EXACT [FMA:32867]
synonym: "lateral femoral epicondyle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Lateral_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
xref: FMA:32867
xref: SCTID:209275007
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
is_a: UBERON:0009978 {source="FMA"} ! epicondyle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004406 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009985 {source="FMA"} ! lateral condyle of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009987
name: medial epicondyle of femur
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The medial epicondyle of the femur is a bony protrusion located on the medial side of the bone's distal end. Located above the medial condyle, it bears an elevation, the adductor tubercle, which serves for the attachment of the superficial part, or \"tendinous insertion\", of the adductor magnus. This tendinous part here forms an intermuscular septum which forms the medial separation between the thigh's flexors and extensors. Behind it, and proximally to the medial condyle is a rough impression which gives origin to the medial head of the Gastrocnemius." [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
synonym: "epicondylus medialis (femur)" EXACT [FMA:32864]
synonym: "epicondylus medialis femoris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
synonym: "medial femoral epicondyle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_epicondyle_of_the_femur]
xref: FMA:32864
xref: SCTID:209172001
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
is_a: UBERON:0009978 {source="FMA"} ! epicondyle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004406 {source="FMA"} ! distal epiphysis of femur
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009984 {source="FMA"} ! medial condyle of femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009988
name: condyle of humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the distal end of the humerus, including the trochlea, capitulum and the olecranon, coronoid and radial fossae" [http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=19715]
synonym: "condylus humeri" EXACT []
xref: FMA:23377
xref: SCTID:361778001
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
is_a: UBERON:0009979 ! condyle
intersection_of: UBERON:0009979 ! condyle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0004404 ! distal epiphysis of humerus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004404 ! distal epiphysis of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009989
name: condyle of tibia
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "One of the lateral or medial condyles of the tibia." [Wikipedia:Tibial_condyle]
synonym: "tibial condyle" EXACT [AAO:0000899]
xref: AAO:0000899
xref: SCTID:182062002
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
is_a: UBERON:0009979 ! condyle
intersection_of: UBERON:0009979 ! condyle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0008772 ! proximal epiphysis of tibia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008772 ! proximal epiphysis of tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009990
name: medial condyle of tibia
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The medial condyle is the medial portion of the upper extremity of tibia. It is the site of insertion for the Semimembranosus muscle[WP]." [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia]
synonym: "c. medialis tibiae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia]
synonym: "condylus medialis (tibia)" EXACT [FMA:35445]
synonym: "medial condyle of the tibia" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia]
synonym: "medial tibial condyle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Medial_condyle_of_tibia]
xref: FMA:35445
xref: SCTID:182066004
is_a: UBERON:0009989 ! condyle of tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0009991
name: lateral condyle of tibia
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia. It serves as the insertion for the Biceps femoris muscle[WP]." [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_tibia]
synonym: "c. lateralis tibiae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Lateral_condyle_of_tibia]
synonym: "condylus lateralis (tibia)" EXACT [FMA:35448]
xref: FMA:35448
xref: SCTID:182067008
is_a: UBERON:0009989 ! condyle of tibia

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010059
name: hypoglossal cord
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0004610
is_a: UBERON:0002036 {source="EHDAA2"} ! striated muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010066
name: tympanic plate
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The tympanic part of the temporal bone is a curved plate of bone lying below the squama and in front of the mastoid process." [Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
comment: homologous to angular[WP]
synonym: "pars tympanica" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
synonym: "pars tympanica (os temporale)" EXACT [FMA:52880]
synonym: "pars tympanica ossis temporalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
synonym: "tympanic bone" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
synonym: "tympanic part" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone]
synonym: "tympanic part of temporal bone" EXACT [FMA:52880]
xref: FMA:52880
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="cjm"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002218 ! tympanic ring
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001678 ! temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010076
name: network of trabecular spaces in bone tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Tissue cavity consisting of intercommunicating trabecular spaces in the cancellous bone." [FMA:259332]
synonym: "trabecular network of bone tissue" EXACT [FMA:259332]
xref: FMA:259332
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008867 ! trabecular network of bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010084
name: future diaphragm
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000599
is_a: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: UBERON:0001134 ! skeletal muscle tissue
intersection_of: develops_into UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001103 ! diaphragm

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010113
name: future membranous labyrinth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000899
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004637 ! otic capsule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010129
name: femur cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: TODO - request EHDAA2
synonym: "femoral cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:17742]
xref: EMAPA:17742
is_a: UBERON:0010885 ! hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006234 ! femur pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010131
name: conducting tissue of heart
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "specialized conducting tissue of heart" EXACT [FMA:83378]
synonym: "specialized muscle tissue of heart" EXACT [FMA:83378]
xref: EHDAA2:0004528
xref: FMA:83378
is_a: UBERON:0001133 {source="FMA"} ! cardiac muscle tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010155
name: parietomastoid suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "the suture between the parietal and the temporal bones" [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/parietomastoid+suture]
synonym: "parietomastoid suture of skull" EXACT [FMA:52947]
xref: FMA:52947
xref: SCTID:136753005
is_a: UBERON:0003685 {source="FMA"} ! cranial suture

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010156
name: sphenofrontal suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Sphenofrontal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone." [Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture]
synonym: "frontosphenoid suture" EXACT [FMA:52938]
synonym: "sphenofrontal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture]
synonym: "sphenofrontal suture of skull" EXACT [FMA:52938]
synonym: "Sutura sphenofrontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture]
synonym: "sutura sphenofrontalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Sphenofrontal_suture]
xref: FMA:52938
is_a: UBERON:0003685 {source="FMA"} ! cranial suture

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010157
name: sphenoparietal suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Sphenoparietal suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the parietal bone." [Wikipedia:Sphenoparietal_suture]
synonym: "sphenoparietal suture of skull" EXACT [FMA:52945]
synonym: "Sutura sphenoparietalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sphenoparietal_suture]
xref: FMA:52945
is_a: UBERON:0003685 {source="FMA"} ! cranial suture

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010158
name: sphenozygomatic suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Sphenozygomatic suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone." [Wikipedia:Sphenozygomatic_suture]
synonym: "sphenozygomatica suture of skull" EXACT [FMA:52956]
synonym: "sutura sphenozygomatica" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Sphenozygomatic_suture]
xref: FMA:52956
is_a: UBERON:0003685 {source="FMA"} ! cranial suture

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010159
name: occipitomastoid suture
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The occipitomastoid suture is the cranial suture between the occipital bone and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. It is continuous with the lambdoidal suture." [Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture]
synonym: "occipito-mastoid suture" RELATED [Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture]
synonym: "occipitomastoid suture of skull" EXACT [FMA:52934]
synonym: "sutura occipitomastoidea" RELATED [Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture]
synonym: "sutura occipitomastoidea" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occipitomastoid_suture]
xref: FMA:52934
is_a: UBERON:0003685 {source="FMA"} ! cranial suture

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010234
name: palatopharyngeus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The palatopharyngeus or palatopharyngeal or pharyngopalatinus muscle is a long, fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the palatopharyngeal arch." [Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle]
comment: Structure notes: It is separated from the palatoglossus muscle by an angular interval, in which the palatine tonsil is lodged. It arises from the soft palate, where it is divided into two fasciculi by the levator veli palatini and musculus uvulae
synonym: "musculus palatopharyngeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "palatopharyngeal muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "palatopharyngeus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "pharyngopalatinus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "pharyngopalatinus muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Palatopharyngeus_muscle]
xref: FMA:46666
xref: SCTID:244796000
is_a: UBERON:0000933 {source="FMA"} ! pharyngeal muscle
is_a: UBERON:0003682 {source="Wikipedia"} ! palatal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001738 {notes="Upper border of thyroid cartilage", source="dbpedia"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003216 {source="dbpedia", notes="palatine aponeurosis and hard palate"} ! hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010235
name: uvular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The musculus uvulae (azygos uvulae) is a muscle of the soft palate. It arises from the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bones and from the palatine aponeurosis. It descends to be inserted into the uvula and functions to move and shape it. It is innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus[WP]." [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "azygos uvulae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "m. uvulae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "musculus uvulae" RELATED [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "musculus uvulae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "uvulae muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Musculus_uvulae]
synonym: "uvular muscle" EXACT [FMA:46733]
xref: FMA:46733
xref: SCTID:244797009
is_a: UBERON:0003682 {source="Wikipedia"} ! palatal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003216 {source="dbpedia"} ! hard palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010271
name: musculus retractor bulbi
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Cranial nerve VI innervated; ventral and posterior to the eye." [AAO:0010122]
comment: Editors note: TODO - add innervation relationships // In most other mammals it also innervates the musculus retractor bulbi, which can retract the eye for protection[wiki/Abducens_nerve]
synonym: "M. retractor bulbi" EXACT []
synonym: "retractor bulbi" EXACT []
synonym: "retractor bulbi muscle" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010122
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:9606
is_a: UBERON:0001601 {source="cjm"} ! extra-ocular muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010272
name: hyoid apparatus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A group of bones comprised of hyoid body and two pairs of cornua (i.e. greater cornua and lesser cornua), and lies just below the tongue, above the thyroid cartilage" [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Hyoid_apparatus]
comment: Taxon notes: In most mammals, including humans, the hyoid apparatus is shaped like a horseshoe. However, in humans, some of the bones of the hyoid apparatus are fused into a single bone called os hyoideum. In other animals such as frogs, the hyoid apparatus has a hyoid body that is chiefly comprised of hyaline cartilage and two pairs of processes (i.e. alary process and the posteriolateral process).
synonym: "apparatus hyoideus" RELATED [http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Hyoid_apparatus]
synonym: "hyobranchial apparatus" RELATED [AAO:0000225]
synonym: "hyolingual system" RELATED [AAO:0000225]
xref: AAO:0000225
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010273
name: zone of hyoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "hyoid bone zone" EXACT [FMA:59494]
xref: FMA:59494
xref: SCTID:119534005
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
intersection_of: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001685 ! hyoid bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001685 ! hyoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010276
name: vertebral column opening
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: AO notes: in AAO this is a space rather than conduit
synonym: "vertebral conduit" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000700
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010289
name: scleral cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Circular cartilage ringing the posterior portion of the eye in the sclera. Supports the eye." [http://www.fishbase.org/glossary/Glossary.php?q=scleral+cartilage]
comment: Taxon notes: May be calcified in chondrichthyans. Tetrapods without this element (e.g., snakes and mammals) have a collagenous sclera.  May not be homologous - see PMID:17051547. cup-shaped in birds. Present in monotremes. Editor notes: consider distinguishing cup from predecessor of ossicle. Hall: The scleral cartilaginous cup is a distinctly sepa- rate element composed of hyaline cartilage. Editors notes: relationship to sclera - overlaps?
synonym: "scleral cartilaginous cup" NARROW SENSU [PMID:17051547]
synonym: "scleral cartilaginous element" EXACT [PMID:17051547]
synonym: "sclerotic cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001509]
xref: TAO:0001509
xref: ZFA:0001509
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:32525
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0003932 {source="ZFA"} ! chondrocranium cartilage
is_a: UBERON:0010296 ! scleral skeletal element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010290
name: scleral ossicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bony plate around the eyes, are situated at the corneal-scleral limbus. They do not articulate with other elements of the skull. Typically, the scleral ossicles overlap the rim of a cup of scleral cartilage that supports the eyeball. Situated near the equator of the eye and may slightly overlap the rim of scleral cartilage." [PMID:17051547]
comment: Taxon notes: The distribution of scleral ossicles and scleral cartilage among verte- brate taxa is not the same. Some taxa (e.g., birds) have both elements; some only have one element (e.g., crocodiles only have a scleral cartilage); while others (e.g., snakes) have neither element (Walls, 1942) number of ossicles making up the sclerotic ring as well as the shape of both the individual plates and the sclerotic ring is variable among tetrapod taxa.... It is therefore extremely likely that scleral skeletal elements (ossicles and cartilage) of all rep- tiles (including birds) are homologous (but cannot be assumed for reptiles and teleosts). Function notes: The function of these elements is to support the eye from within the sclera; scleral ossicles play an additional important role during accommodation in terrestrial vertebrates (Lemmrich, 1931; Walls, 1942; King and McLelland, 1984).
synonym: "scleral ossicle" EXACT [PMID:17051547]
synonym: "sclerotic bone" EXACT [ZFA:0001411]
synonym: "sclerotic ossicle" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:45632000
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:7777
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:7878
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0010296 ! scleral skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001697 {source="ZFA"} ! orbit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="ZFA"} ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010296
name: scleral skeletal element
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: An eye adnexal structure, but not necessarily part of the eyeball
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:40674
is_a: UBERON:0010321 ! skeletal element of eye region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010297
name: endochondral scleral ossicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Taxon notes: The scleral ossicles [of teleosts] are reported to form indirectly by endochondral (Hall and Miyake, 1992) or by perichondral ossification (Patterson, 1977) from a cartilage element that is also present in the sclera. This is unlike the scleral ossicles of reptiles, which develop directly from ectomesenchyme (i.e., intramembranous ossification) and independently from the scleral cartilage[PMID:17051547]
xref: TAO:0001411
xref: ZFA:0001411
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:32523
is_a: UBERON:0002513 {source="ZFA"} ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0010290 ! scleral ossicle
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010289 {source="ZFA"} ! scleral cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010298
name: intramembranous scleral ossicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Development notes: The scleral ossicles [in reptiles] are of dermal (neural crest) origin, develop intramembranously within the scleral mesenchyme, and are induced to form by overlying (transient) epithelial scleral papillae (Nelson, 1942; Murray, 1943; Fyfe and Hall, 1981, 1983; Hall, 1981, 2005; Pinto and Hall, 1991)
property_value: RO:0002161 NCBITaxon:32443
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="PMID:11237469"} ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0010290 ! scleral ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010308
name: os opticus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Scleral element located at the posterior pole of the scleral cartilage surrounding the foramen through which the optic nerve fibers pass. the internal architecture of this bone reveals a cancellous marrow cavity with fatty tissue." [PMID:16496288]
comment: Taxon notes: At present, it has been documented in 219 species from 35 families, including perching birds, woodpeckers, hummingbirds, toucans, kingfishers, and falcons (Tiemeier, 1950). Morphologically, this element varies in shape from a complete encircling element in some woodpeckers (e.g., Melanerpes eryth- rocephalus) to an abbreviated arc in Gallus
synonym: "Gemminger's ossicle" EXACT [PMID:16496288]
synonym: "os nervi optici" EXACT [PMID:16496288]
is_a: UBERON:0010298 ! intramembranous scleral ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010309
name: palpebral bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An ossified element investing the upper eyelid." [PMID:16496288, Wikipedia:Palpebral_(bone)]
comment: Taxon notes: The most extreme development of the palpebral is found in the armored dino- saur Euoplocephalus tutus, where the bone forms a quarter-sphere and adducts to completely occlude the or- bit (Coombs, 1972; Vickaryous and Russell, 2003). Notwithstanding the superficially similar position, palpe- brals and tarsal plates differ both anatomically and developmentally and are not considered homologous (Gauthier et al., 1988). Editor notes PMID:16496288 says 'invests' the eyelid, is this consistent across taxa?
synonym: "palpebral" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0003457 ! head bone
is_a: UBERON:0010321 ! skeletal element of eye region

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010310
name: nictitating membrane lamina
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "thin cartilaginous element that stiffens the nictitating membrane." [PMID:16496288]
comment: Taxon notes: these laminae may consist of purely hyaline cartilage (cats and horses) or may be heavily invested with elastic fibers (dogs, pigs, and cows; Schlegel et al., 2001)
synonym: "cartilago intercipiens" EXACT [PMID:16496288]
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010311
name: scleral sesamoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A sesamoid bone that lies adjacent to the tendon of one of the muscles responsible for adducting the nictitating membrane (the pyramidal nictitating muscle) " [PMID:16496288]
comment: Structure notes: During contraction, the scleral sesamoid bone acts to anchor the pyramidal nictitating muscle to the sclera and divert the tendon from pro- jecting over the cornea. It remains to be determined whether this is indeed a true sesamoid (sensu; Vickaryous and Olson, 2006), as the scleral sesa- moid is actually invested within the synovial tendon sheath and not the tendon per se
synonym: "scleral sesamoid" EXACT [PMID:16496288]
synonym: "scleral sesamoid element" EXACT []
synonym: "sesamoideum esclerae" EXACT [PMID:16496288]
is_a: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 ! chondrocranium bone
is_a: UBERON:0010290 ! scleral ossicle
is_a: UBERON:0011142 ! axial ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010321
name: skeletal element of eye region
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "eye skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "ocular skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "skeletal element of ocular region" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010325 ! craniofacial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010323
name: cranial skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus." [VSAO:0000049]
xref: VSAO:0000049
is_a: UBERON:0010912 {source="VSAO"} ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005944 {source="VSAO"} ! axial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010325
name: craniofacial skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells." [VSAO:0000082]
comment: AO notes: relations differ from VSAO
synonym: "Cranio-facial skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
xref: VSAO:0000082
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010323 ! cranial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010326
name: optic pedicel
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "permanent cartilage structure projecting from the site of origin of the recti muscles. Supports eyeball and aids rotation." [ISBN10:071676959X, PMID:16496288]
synonym: "eye stalk" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0003932 ! chondrocranium cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010355
name: ossification center
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed a ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows. The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other. A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance. Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolC&." [Wikipedia:Ossification_center]
comment: Editors note: currently classified as a zone of a bone organ, but exists prior to bone ossifying
synonym: "center of ossification" RELATED [Wikipedia:Ossification_center]
synonym: "centrum ossificationis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "centrum ossificationis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Ossification_center]
synonym: "ossification centre" EXACT [FMA:75436]
xref: FMA:75436
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010356
name: primary ossification center
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers." [Wikipedia:Ossification_center#Primary]
synonym: "primarium" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "primary ossification centre" EXACT [FMA:75447]
xref: FMA:75447
xref: ncithesaurus:Primary_Ossification_Center
is_a: UBERON:0010355 {source="FMA"} ! ossification center

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010357
name: secondary ossification center
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared - most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centres appear in the epiphyses." [Wikipedia:Ossification_center#Secondary]
synonym: "secondary ossification centre" EXACT [FMA:75448]
synonym: "secundarium" EXACT [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:75448
is_a: UBERON:0010355 {source="FMA"} ! ossification center

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010358
name: arch of centrum of vertebra
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: AO notes: Note that humans do not have hemal arches, so VA=NA for FMA
synonym: "arch of vertebra" NARROW [FMA:11946]
synonym: "arcus vertebrae (vertebralis)" NARROW [FMA:11946]
synonym: "vertebra arch" NARROW [MA:0001453]
synonym: "vertebral arch" NARROW [FMA:11946]
xref: FMA:11946
is_a: UBERON:0004765 ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002412 {source="FMA"} ! vertebra

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010361
name: synostosis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones are connected by bone. Examples: epiphyseal junction, manubriosternal synostosis." [FMA:7499]
synonym: "bony union" EXACT [FMA:7499]
synonym: "junctura ossea" EXACT [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:7499
xref: ZFA:0005610
is_a: UBERON:0011134 {source="FMA"} ! nonsynovial joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010362
name: endoskeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal system that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues." [XAO:0004026]
synonym: "replacement skeleton" EXACT [XAO:0004026]
xref: VSAO:0000037
xref: XAO:0004026
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004288 {source="XAO"} ! skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010363
name: endochondral element
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification." [VSAO:0000139]
synonym: "endochondral replacement element" EXACT [VSAO:0000139]
xref: VSAO:0000139
xref: XAO:0004017
xref: ZFA:0005620
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010364
name: dermal skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements." [VSAO:0000035]
synonym: "dermal skeletal system" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "dermoskeleton" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "desmoskeleton" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "exoskeleton" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
xref: VSAO:0000035
xref: XAO:0004025
is_a: UBERON:0010912 {source="VSAO"} ! subdivision of skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010365
name: odontoid tissue
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla." [VSAO:0000063]
synonym: "dental tissue" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "odontogenic tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
xref: ncithesaurus:Tooth_Tissue
xref: VSAO:0000063
xref: XAO:0004046
xref: ZFA:0005623
is_a: UBERON:0004755 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001763 {source="VSAO"} ! dental papilla
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010364 {source="VSAO"} ! dermal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010379
name: superior tarsal muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The superior tarsal muscle is a smooth muscle adjoining the levator palpebrae superioris muscle that helps to raise the upper eyelid." [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
comment: Editors note: declaring this to be both smooth muscle and part of the LPS leads to a disjointness violation (smooth muscle and striated muscle)
synonym: "mueller muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
synonym: "Mueller's muscle" EXACT [FMA:49058]
synonym: "Muller's muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
synonym: "musculus tarsalis superior" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
synonym: "Mźller's muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
synonym: "the superior tarsal muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tarsal_muscle]
xref: FMA:49058
is_a: UBERON:0003386 ! smooth muscle of eye
relationship: continuous_with UBERON:0001604 {source="FMA"} ! levator palpebrae superioris
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001604 {source="dbpedia", notes="underside of levator palpebrae superioris"} ! levator palpebrae superioris

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010388
name: proximal segment of rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The segment of the rib that connects to a vertebra[MP]. a small part of the rib composed of the head, neck, tuberculum and a short proximal part of the body[PMID]" [MP:0000152, PMID:15906248]
comment: The proximal rib derives from the caudal half of somite[PMID:15906248]
synonym: "proximal part of rib" EXACT [PMID:15906248]
synonym: "proximal rib" EXACT [MA:0001400]
xref: MA:0001400
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 {source="MA"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010389
name: pterygoid bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a bone which corresponds to the inner plate of the pterygoid process of the human skull, but which, in all vertebrates below mammals, is not connected with the posterior nares, but serves to connect the palatine bones with the point of suspension of the lower jaw" [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Pterygoid+bone]
comment: AO notes: FMA dividers pterygoid process into medial and lateral plates
synonym: "inner plate of pterygoid process" RELATED [MA:0001471]
synonym: "lamina lateralis (processus pterygoideus)" EXACT [FMA:54687, MP:0004452]
synonym: "lamina lateralis processi pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis" EXACT [FMA:TA, MP:0004452]
synonym: "lateral lamina of pterygoid process" EXACT [FMA:54687, MP:0004452]
synonym: "lateral plate of pterygoid process" EXACT [FMA:54687, MP:0004452]
synonym: "lateral plate of sphenoid" EXACT [FMA:54687, MP:0004452]
xref: FMA:54687
xref: MA:0001471
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
is_a: UBERON:0003465 {source="MA"} ! chondrocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004649 {source="MA"} ! sphenoid bone pterygoid process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010424
name: distal segment of rib
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: The distal rib derives from both somite halves[PMID:15906248]
synonym: "distal part of rib" EXACT [PMID:15906248]
synonym: "distal rib" EXACT [MA:0001397]
xref: MA:0001397
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002228 {source="MA"} ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010426
name: oropharyngeal choana
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "opening/conduit between the nasal cavity and the oropharynx via the roof of the mouth." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Taxon notes: Aves. Function notes: has function in pressure equalization in birds that fly to high altitudes
synonym: "apertura nasalis interna" RELATED [AAO:0000025]
synonym: "cleft palate" RELATED []
synonym: "oropharyngeal naris" EXACT []
synonym: "palatal choana" EXACT []
synonym: "palatal cleft" RELATED []
xref: AAO:0000025
is_a: UBERON:0005744 ! cranial conduit
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001716 ! secondary palate

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010428
name: flat bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Flat bones are those bones which are found where the principal requirement is either extensive protection or the provision of broad surfaces for muscular attachment, the bones are expanded into broad, flat plates, as in the cranium, the ilium, sternum, rib cage, the sacrum and the scapula. These bones are composed of two thin layers of compact tissue enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous tissue, which is the location of red bone marrow. In an adult, most red blood cells are formed in flat bones. In the cranial bones, the layers of compact tissue are familiarly known as the tables of the skull; the outer one is thick and tough; the inner is thin, dense, and brittle, and hence is termed the vitreous table. The intervening cancellous tissue is called the diploC+, and this, in certain regions of the skull, becomes absorbed so as to leave spaces filled with air (air-sinuses) between the two tables. The flat bones are: the occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, scapula, os coxC&, sternum, and ribs." [Wikipedia:Flat_bone]
synonym: "os planum" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flat_bone]
xref: FMA:7476
xref: ncithesaurus:Flat_Bone
xref: SCTID:332907008
is_a: UBERON:0001474 {source="FMA"} ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010437
name: zygomaticus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "One of: zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor" []
comment: origin: posterior braincase
subset: grouping_class
synonym: "zygomaticus" EXACT [MA:0002404]
xref: MA:0002404
xref: ncithesaurus:Zygomaticus
is_a: UBERON:0001577 ! muscle of face

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010467
name: teres muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "teres" EXACT []
xref: ncithesaurus:Teres_Muscle
xref: SCTID:277440006
is_a: UBERON:0001482 ! muscle of shoulder

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010496
name: teres minor muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a narrow, elongated muscle of the rotator cuff" [Wikipedia:Teres_minor_muscle]
synonym: "musculus teres minor" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Teres_minor_muscle]
synonym: "teres minor" EXACT [FMA:32550]
xref: FMA:32550
xref: ncithesaurus:Teres_Minor_Muscle
xref: SCTID:277445001
is_a: UBERON:0010467 ! teres muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0000976 {notes="inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus", source="dbpedia"} ! humerus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0007173 {source="dbpedia", notes="lateral border of the scapula"} ! lateral border of scapula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010522
name: replacement element
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue." [VSAO:0000135]
xref: VSAO:0000135
xref: XAO:0004016
xref: ZFA:0005624
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010524
name: fibularis tertius
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The peroneus tertius (also known as fibularis tertius) is a muscle of the human body located in the lower limb. The muscle arises from the lower third of the anterior surface of the fibula; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; and from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus brevis. The tendon, after passing under the superior extensor retinaculum of foot and inferior extensor retinaculum of foot in the same canal as the extensor digitorum longus, is inserted into the dorsal surface of the base of the metatarsal bone of the 5th digit. It is innervated by the deep fibular nerve. Its action is that of weak dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and to evert the foot at the ankle joint." [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius_muscle]
synonym: "fibularis tertius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius]
synonym: "fibularis tertius muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius]
synonym: "musculus peroneus tertius" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "peronaeus tertius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius]
synonym: "peroneus tertius" EXACT [FMA:22538]
synonym: "peroneus tertius" EXACT [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius]
synonym: "peroneus tertius muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Peroneus_tertius]
xref: FMA:22538
xref: SCTID:181701000
is_a: UBERON:0009132 ! peroneus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010526
name: fibularis brevis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The peroneus brevis muscle (or fibularis brevis) lies under cover of the peroneus longus, and is a shorter and smaller muscle." [Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis]
synonym: "fibularis brevis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis]
synonym: "musculus peroneus brevis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "peronaeus brevis" EXACT [Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis]
synonym: "peroneus brevis" EXACT [FMA:22540]
synonym: "peroneus brevis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis]
synonym: "peronius brevis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Peroneus_brevis]
xref: FMA:22540
xref: SCTID:181704008
is_a: UBERON:0009132 ! peroneus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001446 {source="dbpedia"} ! fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010528
name: pneumatic cavity of bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "air space of bone" EXACT [FMA:24028]
xref: FMA:24028
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008193 ! pneumatized bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010540
name: tarsus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001978
is_a: UBERON:0010886 ! hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010541
name: tarsus cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001977
is_a: UBERON:0010885 ! hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010540 {source="EHDAA2"} ! tarsus pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010543
name: skeleton of acropodium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral terminal bones at the distalmost end of the autopodium, consisting of the phalanges." [VSAO:0005028, VSAO:NI]
comment: Editor notes: this is not defined in terms of a region, unlike the other autopod subdivisions
synonym: "acropodial skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "acropodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005028, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "acropodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "digit skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "digital skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "set of phalanges" EXACT [FMA:231315]
synonym: "skeleton of digits" EXACT []
xref: FMA:231315
xref: VSAO:0005028
is_a: UBERON:0010712 ! limb skeleton subdivision
relationship: has_part UBERON:0003221 ! phalanx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! skeleton of autopod
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010546 ! metapodium skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010544
name: metacarpus skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The metacarpus is the intermediate part of the hand skeleton that is located between the phalanges (bones of the fingers) distally and the carpus which forms the connection to the forearm. The metacarpus consists of metacarpal bones. The metacarpals form a transverse arch to which the rigid row of distal carpal bones are fixed. The peripheral metacarpals (those of the thumb and little finger) form the sides of the cup of the palmar gutter and as they are brought together they deepen this concavity. The index metacarpal is the most firmly fixed, while the thumb metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and acts independently from the others. The middle metacarpals are tightly united to the carpus by intrinsic interlocking bone elements at their bases. The ring metacarpal forms a transitional element of the semi-independent last metacarpal. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Metacarpus]
synonym: "anterior metapodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005026, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "anterior metapodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "fore metapodium" RELATED [AAO:0000946, http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/metapodial, MA:th]
synonym: "fore metapodium skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "metacarpal bones" EXACT [FMA:71336]
synonym: "metacarpal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "metacarpalia" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Metacarpus]
synonym: "metacarpals [I-V]" EXACT [FMA:71336]
synonym: "metacarpals set" EXACT [FMA:71336]
synonym: "set of metacarpal bones" EXACT [FMA:71336]
synonym: "set of metacarpals" EXACT [FMA:71336]
synonym: "set of metacarpals [I-V]" EXACT [FMA:71336]
synonym: "skeleton of metacarpus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000946
xref: FMA:71336
xref: MESH:A.02.835.232.087.535
xref: VSAO:0005026
xref: XAO:0003208
is_a: UBERON:0010546 ! metapodium skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010699 {notes="many to one"} ! finger metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 {source="XAO"} ! forelimb skeleton
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0009880 ! carpal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010545
name: metatarsus skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Limb segment that consists of the long bones of the foot. The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand." [Wikipedia:Metatarsus]
synonym: "metatarsal bones set" EXACT [FMA:71340]
synonym: "metatarsal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "metatarsals [I-V]" EXACT [FMA:71340]
synonym: "posterior metapodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005027, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "posterior metapodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "set of metatarsal bones" EXACT [FMA:71340]
synonym: "set of metatarsals [I-V]" EXACT [FMA:71340]
synonym: "skeleton of metatarsus" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000221
xref: FMA:71340
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gray291.png/200px-Gray291.png
xref: MESH:A.01.378.610.250.300.480
xref: OpenCyc:Mx4rva_rBJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
xref: VSAO:0005027
xref: XAO:0003212
is_a: UBERON:0010546 ! metapodium skeleton
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010697 {notes="many to one"} ! toe metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 {source="XAO"} ! hindlimb skeleton
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010546
name: metapodium skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone complex located between the mesopodium and the acropodium and consisting of the metacarpals or metatarsals." [VSAO:0005025, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "metacarpal/metatarsal skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "metapodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005025, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "skeleton of metapodium" EXACT []
xref: VSAO:0005025
is_a: UBERON:0010712 ! limb skeleton subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! skeleton of autopod
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0009878 ! mesopodium skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010547
name: toe 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002040
xref: EMAPA:17725
is_a: UBERON:0010580 ! toe 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010687 ! toe metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010548
name: toe 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002045
xref: EMAPA:17727
is_a: UBERON:0010581 ! toe 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010687 ! toe metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010549
name: toe 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002050
xref: EMAPA:17729
is_a: UBERON:0010582 ! toe 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010687 ! toe metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010550
name: toe 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002055
xref: EMAPA:17731
is_a: UBERON:0010583 ! toe 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010687 ! toe metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010551
name: toe 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002060
xref: EMAPA:17733
is_a: UBERON:0010584 ! toe 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010687 ! toe metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010557
name: toe 1 metatarsal cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18106
is_a: UBERON:0010680 ! toe 1 phalanx cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010697 ! toe metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010547 ! toe 1 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010558
name: toe 2 metatarsal cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18111
is_a: UBERON:0010681 ! toe 2 phalanx cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010697 ! toe metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010548 ! toe 2 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010559
name: toe 3 metatarsal cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18116
is_a: UBERON:0010682 ! toe 3 phalanx cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010697 ! toe metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010549 ! toe 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010560
name: toe 4 metatarsal cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18121
is_a: UBERON:0010683 ! toe 4 phalanx cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010697 ! toe metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010550 ! toe 4 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010561
name: toe 5 metatarsal cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18126
is_a: UBERON:0010684 ! toe 5 phalanx cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010697 ! toe metatarsal cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010551 ! toe 5 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010565
name: finger 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000515
xref: EMAPA:17714
is_a: UBERON:0010575 ! finger 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010698 ! finger metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010566
name: finger 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000521
xref: EMAPA:17716
is_a: UBERON:0010576 ! finger 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010698 ! finger metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010567
name: finger 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000527
xref: EMAPA:17718
is_a: UBERON:0010577 ! finger 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010698 ! finger metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010568
name: finger 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000533
xref: EMAPA:17720
is_a: UBERON:0010578 ! finger 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010698 ! finger metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010569
name: finger 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000539
xref: EMAPA:17722
is_a: UBERON:0010579 ! finger 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010698 ! finger metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010570
name: finger 1 metacarpus cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000514
xref: EMAPA:18065
is_a: UBERON:0010675 ! finger 1 phalanx cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010699 ! finger metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010565 ! finger 1 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010571
name: finger 2 metacarpus cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000520
xref: EMAPA:18070
is_a: UBERON:0010676 ! finger 2 phalanx cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010699 ! finger metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010566 ! finger 2 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010572
name: finger 3 metacarpus cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000526
xref: EMAPA:18075
is_a: UBERON:0010677 ! finger 3 phalanx cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010699 ! finger metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010567 ! finger 3 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010573
name: finger 4 metacarpus cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000532
xref: EMAPA:18080
is_a: UBERON:0010678 ! finger 4 phalanx cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010699 ! finger metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010568 ! finger 4 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010574
name: finger 5 metacarpus cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000538
xref: EMAPA:18085
is_a: UBERON:0010679 ! finger 5 phalanx cartilage condensation
is_a: UBERON:0010699 ! finger metacarpus cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010569 ! finger 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010575
name: finger 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000516
xref: EMAPA:17715
is_a: UBERON:0010586 ! finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010576
name: finger 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000522
xref: EMAPA:17717
is_a: UBERON:0010586 ! finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010577
name: finger 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000528
xref: EMAPA:17719
is_a: UBERON:0010586 ! finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010578
name: finger 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000534
xref: EMAPA:17721
is_a: UBERON:0010586 ! finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010579
name: finger 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000540
xref: EMAPA:17723
is_a: UBERON:0010586 ! finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010580
name: toe 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002041
xref: EMAPA:17726
is_a: UBERON:0010585 ! toe phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010581
name: toe 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002046
xref: EMAPA:17728
is_a: UBERON:0010585 ! toe phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010582
name: toe 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002051
xref: EMAPA:17730
is_a: UBERON:0010585 ! toe phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010583
name: toe 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002056
xref: EMAPA:17732
is_a: UBERON:0010585 ! toe phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010584
name: toe 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002061
xref: EMAPA:17734
is_a: UBERON:0010585 ! toe phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010585
name: toe phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010700 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010586
name: finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010700 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010675
name: finger 1 phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18066
is_a: UBERON:0010686 ! finger phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010575 ! finger 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010676
name: finger 2 phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18071
is_a: UBERON:0010686 ! finger phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010576 ! finger 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010677
name: finger 3 phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18076
is_a: UBERON:0010686 ! finger phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010577 ! finger 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010678
name: finger 4 phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18081
is_a: UBERON:0010686 ! finger phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010578 ! finger 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010679
name: finger 5 phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18086
is_a: UBERON:0010686 ! finger phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010579 ! finger 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010680
name: toe 1 phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18107
is_a: UBERON:0010685 ! toe phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010580 ! toe 1 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010681
name: toe 2 phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18112
is_a: UBERON:0010685 ! toe phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010581 ! toe 2 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010682
name: toe 3 phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18117
is_a: UBERON:0010685 ! toe phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010582 ! toe 3 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010683
name: toe 4 phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18122
is_a: UBERON:0010685 ! toe phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010583 ! toe 4 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010684
name: toe 5 phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18127
is_a: UBERON:0010685 ! toe phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010584 ! toe 5 phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010685
name: toe phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010701 ! phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010585 ! toe phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010686
name: finger phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010701 ! phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010586 ! finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010687
name: toe metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010585 ! toe phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010688
name: skeleton of anterior acropodium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral acropodial bones forming the distalmost section of the anterior autopodium." [VSAO:0005029, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "all phalanges in forelimb autopod" EXACT []
synonym: "anterior acropodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005029, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "fore acropodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "hand digit skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "manual phalanges" EXACT PLURAL [VSAO:0005029, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "phalanges of hand" EXACT [FMA:71337]
synonym: "set of phalanges of hand" EXACT [FMA:71337]
xref: FMA:71337
xref: VSAO:0005029
is_a: UBERON:0010543 ! skeleton of acropodium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001442 ! skeleton of hand
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010544 ! metacarpus skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010696
name: skeleton of posterior acropodium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "all phalanges in hindlimb autopod" EXACT []
synonym: "foot digit skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "hind acropodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "pedal phalanges" EXACT [VSAO:0005030, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "phalanges of foot" EXACT [FMA:78512]
synonym: "posterior acropodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005030, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "set of phalanges of foot" EXACT [FMA:78512]
xref: FMA:78512
xref: VSAO:0005030
is_a: UBERON:0010543 ! skeleton of acropodium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of foot
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0010545 ! metatarsus skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010697
name: toe metatarsal cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010685 ! toe phalanx cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010698
name: finger metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010586 ! finger phalanx pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010699
name: finger metacarpus cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010686 ! finger phalanx cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010698 ! finger metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010700
name: phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! skeleton of autopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010701
name: phalanx cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010700 ! phalanx pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006717 ! skeleton of autopod

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010703
name: forelimb zeugopod skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in an forelimb zeugopod region." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "anterior zeugopodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005011, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "anterior zeugopodium skeleton" EXACT [VSAO:0005011, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "fore epipodium" RELATED [AAO:0000200]
synonym: "fore epipodium skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "forearm skeleton" EXACT [FMA:71199]
synonym: "forelimb epipodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005011, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "forelimb epipodium skeleton" RELATED []
synonym: "skeleton of forearm" EXACT [FMA:71199]
xref: AAO:0000200
xref: FMA:71199
xref: VSAO:0005011
is_a: UBERON:0010712 ! limb skeleton subdivision
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0000976 ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010710
name: pectoral fin skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Paired fin skeleton that consists of the supporting endochondral proximal and distal radials and the dermal fins rays or lepidotrichia. The pectoral fin skeleton is located in the thoracic region of the body and articulates with the scapula and coracoid." [TAO:wd]
synonym: "forefin skeleton" EXACT [TAO:0000943]
xref: EFO:0003594
xref: TAO:0000943
xref: VSAO:0000153
xref: ZFA:0000943
is_a: UBERON:0010713 ! paired fin skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010711
name: pelvic fin skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Paired fin skeleton located in the abdominal position that consists of supporting endochondral radialsB and dermal fin rays or lepidotrichia." [TAO:0001387]
comment: AO Notes: the girdle is part of the pelvic fin skeleton in ZFA - needs resolved
xref: TAO:0001387
xref: VSAO:0000154
xref: ZFA:0001387
is_a: UBERON:0010713 ! paired fin skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010712
name: limb skeleton subdivision
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal subdivision that is a segment of the limb skeleton." [VSAO:0005018, VSAO:NI]
comment: Editor notes - note the distinction between this and skeleton of limb
xref: VSAO:0005018
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 {source="VSAO"} ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010713
name: paired fin skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in a single paired fin." [UBERON:cjm]
xref: TAO:0000027
xref: VSAO:0000169
xref: ZFA:0000027
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010714
name: iliac cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000808
xref: EMAPA:18347
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006247 {source="EHDAA2"} ! iliac pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010718
name: pubic cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001573
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006285 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pubic pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007832 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010719
name: girdle skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The subdivision of the skeleton of one of the pectoral or pelvic girdles." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: AO notes: AAO treats the girdles as part of the appendicular skeleton
xref: AAO:0010686
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010720
name: hindlimb zeugopod skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The collection of all skeletal elements in an hindlimb zeugopod region." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "hind epipodium" RELATED [AAO:0000216]
synonym: "hindlimb epipodium" RELATED [VSAO:0005014, VSAO:NI]
synonym: "posterior zeugopodium" RELATED INCONSISTENT [VSAO:0005014]
synonym: "posterior zeugopodium skeleton" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000216
xref: VSAO:0005014
is_a: UBERON:0010712 ! limb skeleton subdivision
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0000981 ! femur

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010721
name: distal tarsal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform the intermediate cuneiform also known as the middle the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone[WP, unvetted, human specific]." [Wikipedia:Cuneiform_%28anatomy%29]
synonym: "cuneiform bone" EXACT [FMA:24517]
synonym: "distal tarsal" EXACT [AAO:0000914]
synonym: "distal tarsal bone" EXACT []
synonym: "os cuneiform" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0000914
xref: FMA:24517
xref: ncithesaurus:Cuneiform_Bone_of_the_Foot
xref: SCTID:182102002
is_a: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010722
name: accessory bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone which does not occur frequently in the body but is still present in a significantly large number of organisms" [Wikipedia:Accessory_bone]
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010723
name: vesalian bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "an accessory bone located proximal to the base of the fifth metatarsal. Its prevalence has been reported to be from 0.1% to 1.0%. This bone is found within the peroneus brevis tendon and is considered to be asymptomatic in the majority of people" [PMID:16291851]
synonym: "os vesalianum pedis" EXACT []
xref: SCTID:182149003
is_a: UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
is_a: UBERON:0010722 ! accessory bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010724
name: lateral tubercle of talus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An accessory bone tubercle which if present lies posterior to the talus" [Wikipedia:Os_trigonum]
synonym: "accessory talus" EXACT [Wikipedia:Os_trigonum]
synonym: "os trigonum" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "os trigonum of talus" EXACT [FMA:33655]
synonym: "tuberculum laterale (talus)" EXACT [FMA:33655]
xref: FMA:33655
is_a: UBERON:0005899 ! foot bone
is_a: UBERON:0010722 ! accessory bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010725
name: accessory navicular bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "an accessory bone of the foot that occasionally develops abnormally in front of the ankle towards the inside of the foot. This bone may be present in approximately 2.5% of the general population and is usually asymptomatic" [Wikipedia:Accessory_navicular_bone]
is_a: UBERON:0005899 ! foot bone
is_a: UBERON:0010722 ! accessory bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010726
name: os vesalianum manus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/SkeletalSystem/Images/94.jpg
is_a: UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
is_a: UBERON:0010722 ! accessory bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010727
name: sutural bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A piece of bone that is located within a suture in the cranium." [Wikipedia:Wormian_bones]
synonym: "wormian bone" EXACT [FMA:59327]
xref: SCTID:272677004
is_a: UBERON:0004766 ! cranial bone
is_a: UBERON:0010428 {source="FMA"} ! flat bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003685 ! cranial suture

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010728
name: sphenoid lesser wing pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0003449
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009191 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010732
name: alisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "sphenoid greater wing pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0003448]
xref: EHDAA2:0003448
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009191 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid bone pre-cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010733
name: alisphenoid cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "sphenoid greater wing cartilage condensation" EXACT [EHDAA2:0003450]
xref: EHDAA2:0003450
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010732 {source="EHDAA2"} ! alisphenoid pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009193 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sphenoid bone cartilage condensation

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010737
name: distal tarsal bone 4
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 4." [VSAO:0005055]
comment: We need to restrict the logical definition such that it is *only* connecting to metatarsal 4
synonym: "cuboideum" RELATED [VSAO:0005055]
synonym: "distal tarsal 4" EXACT [VSAO:0005055]
synonym: "tarsal 4" EXACT [AAO:0000932]
xref: AAO:0000932
xref: UBERON:0001455
xref: VSAO:0005055
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003653 ! metatarsal bone of digit 4
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010738
name: distal tarsal bone 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 5." [VSAO:0005056]
comment: We need to restrict the logical definition such that it is *only* connecting to metatarsal 5
synonym: "cuboideum" RELATED [VSAO:0005056]
synonym: "distal tarsal 5" EXACT [VSAO:0005056]
synonym: "tarsal 5" EXACT [AAO:0000933]
xref: AAO:0000933
xref: VSAO:0005056
is_a: UBERON:0010721 ! distal tarsal bone
relationship: distally_connected_to UBERON:0003654 ! metatarsal bone of digit 5
relationship: proximally_connected_to UBERON:0001451 ! navicular bone of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010739
name: distal carpal bone 5
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "endochondral carpal bone similar to distal carpal 4, but lost in most reptiles and mammals." [VSAO:0005047]
comment: Taxon notes: lost in most reptiles and mammals[VSAO]. Small element that articulates anteriorly with metacarpal IV(V). It may be fused to carpal 4(3), 5(4), the ulnare, radiale, or other elements[AAO]
synonym: "carpal 5" RELATED [AAO:0000851]
synonym: "distal carpal 5" EXACT [VSAO:0005047]
synonym: "hamate" RELATED [VSAO:0005047]
synonym: "os hamatum" RELATED [VSAO:0005047]
synonym: "unciform" RELATED [VSAO:0005047]
synonym: "uncinate" RELATED [VSAO:0005047]
xref: AAO:0000851
xref: VSAO:0005047
is_a: UBERON:0001481 ! distal carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010740
name: bone of appendage girdle complex
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle)." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "bone of extended limb/fin region" RELATED [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "limb bone" RELATED [MA:0000688, UBERONREF:0000003]
xref: MA:0000688
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 {notes="UBERONREF:0000003"} ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010741
name: bone of pectoral complex
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, hand phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
comment: AO notes - note that the MA class includes girdle parts so it belongs here
synonym: "bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle" RELATED [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "forelimb bone" RELATED [MA:0000612, UBERONREF:0000003]
xref: MA:0000612
is_a: UBERON:0010740 ! bone of appendage girdle complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010742
name: bone of pelvic complex
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone that is part of a pelvic complex. Examples: pubis, ischium, fot phalanx, any tarsal bone, any bone of the pelvic fin or girdle." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
synonym: "hindlimb bone" RELATED [MA:0000660, UBERONREF:0000003]
xref: MA:0000660
is_a: UBERON:0010740 {source="MA"} ! bone of appendage girdle complex

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010744
name: sacral vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "sacral vertebral pre-cartilage condensation group" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001774]
xref: EHDAA2:0001774
xref: EMAPA:17677
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006075 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sacral region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010745
name: sacral vertebra cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "sacral vertebral cartilage condensation group" EXACT [EHDAA2:0001773]
xref: EHDAA2:0001773
xref: EMAPA:18009
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010744 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sacral vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006075 {source="EHDAA2"} ! sacral region of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010746
name: wing of ilium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The wing of ilium (or ala) is the large expanded portion which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. It presents for examination two surfacesban external and an internalba crest, and two borders - an anterior and a posterior." [Wikipedia:Wing_of_ilium]
synonym: "a. ossis ilii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Wing_of_ilium]
synonym: "ala of ilium" EXACT [FMA:42826]
synonym: "ala ossis ilii" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "ala ossis ilii" RELATED [Wikipedia:Wing_of_ilium]
synonym: "ilium ala" EXACT [FMA:42826]
xref: FMA:42826
xref: SCTID:182024000
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001273 ! ilium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010747
name: body of ilium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The body of ilium enters into the formation of the acetabulum, of which it forms rather less than two-fifths. Its external surface is partly articular, partly non-articular; the articular segment forms part of the lunate surface of the acetabulum, the non-articular portion contributes to the acetabular fossa. The internal surface of the body is part of the wall of the lesser pelvis and gives origin to some fibers of the Obturator internus. Below, it is continuous with the pelvic surfaces of the ischium and pubis, only a faint line indicating the place of union." [Wikipedia:Body_of_ilium]
synonym: "corpus ossis ilii" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Body_of_ilium]
synonym: "ilium body" EXACT [FMA:42825]
xref: FMA:42825
xref: SCTID:292524005
is_a: UBERON:0005913 {source="FMA"} ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001273 ! ilium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010749
name: middle pharyngeal constrictor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fanshaped muscle, smaller than the Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle." [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "constrictor medius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "constrictor pharyngis medius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "constrictores pharyngis medius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "hyopharyngeus" RELATED []
synonym: "middle constrictor" EXACT [FMA:46622]
synonym: "middle constrictor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "middle constrictor muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "middle constrictor of pharynx" EXACT [FMA:46622]
synonym: "middle constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:46622]
synonym: "middle pharyngeal constrictor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis medius" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculus constrictor pharyngis medius" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle]
xref: FMA:46622
xref: ncithesaurus:Middle_Constrictor_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244802003
is_a: UBERON:0001569 {source="FMA"} ! constrictor muscle of pharynx
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001685 {source="dbpedia"} ! hyoid bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010750
name: prefrontal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls" [Wikipedia:Prefrontal_bone]
comment: Taxon notes: It first evolved in the sarcopterygian clade Rhipidistia, which includes lungfish and the Tetrapodomorpha. The prefrontal is found in most modern and extinct lungfish, amphibians and reptiles. It is very small, fused to the frontals or lost in many groups of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs and is completely absent in their modern descendants, the birds. The prefrontal was also lost in early mammaliaforms and so is not present in modern mammals either[WP]
synonym: "prefrontal" BROAD [AAO:0000460]
xref: AAO:0000460
xref: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Dromaeosaurus_skull_en.svg/180px-Dromaeosaurus_skull_en.svg.png
is_a: UBERON:0001474 ! bone
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0000209 ! tetrapod frontal bone
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001680 ! lacrimal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010752
name: exoccipital cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18339
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0006228 ! exoccipital pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001693 ! exoccipital bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002241 {source="EMAPA"} ! chondrocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010757
name: rib 8
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: elements are to be defined spatially/topologically
subset: defined_by_ordinal_series
xref: FMA:8120
xref: MA:0001408
xref: ncithesaurus:Rib_8
xref: SCTID:244663007
property_value: "rib_number" "8" xsd:nonNegativeInteger
is_a: UBERON:0002228 ! rib

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010759
name: equine distal sesamoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "lies on the palmar aspect of the coffin joint between the second phalanx and third phalanx. articulates closely with the distal phalanx, to which it is connected by the impar ligament of the navicular bone. The impar ligament is very strong and permits relatively little motion between the navicular bone and the distal phalanx." [Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Distal_sesamoid, Wikipedia:Navicular_bone#Horse_anatomy]
synonym: "navicular bone" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Equine_forelimb_anatomy#Distal_sesamoid]
xref: SCTID:370654009
is_a: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone
is_a: UBERON:0002428 ! limb bone
is_a: UBERON:0011141 ! appendicular ossicle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010760
name: supraglenoid tubercle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The supraglenoid tubercle is a region of the scapula to which the long head of the biceps brachii muscle attaches." [Wikipedia:Supraglenoid_tubercle]
synonym: "supraglenoid tuberosity" EXACT [FMA:23263]
synonym: "tuberculum supraglenoidale" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Supraglenoid_tubercle]
xref: FMA:23263
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006633 ! coracoid process

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010801
name: calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "calcaneous pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:17736
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010842
name: calcaneum cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "calcaneous cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EMAPA:18143
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010801 ! calcaneum pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009879 ! tarsal skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010843
name: clavicle cartilaginous condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
xref: EMAPA:18342
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010844 ! clavicle pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010844
name: clavicle pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: In most birds and mammals the clavicles are the only dermal elements in the trunk, and is the only membrane bone associated with the pectoral girdle in these taxa. However, there can be secondary cartilage, or subsequent endochondral ossification, or fusion with endochondral elements. In rodents, the lateral ends of the clavicle are endochondral but the main portion is dermal.[ISBN:978-0-12-319060-4]
xref: EMAPA:18026
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001105 ! clavicle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010846
name: radius pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Editor notes: still to decide whether this is a distinct pre-cartilage condensation
xref: EHDAA2:0001586
is_a: UBERON:0010884 ! forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010847
name: ulna pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002100
xref: EHDAA:6226
is_a: UBERON:0010884 ! forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010848
name: radius-ulna cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: AO notes: note that this is not represented as a single unit in EHDAA2
synonym: "radio-ulna cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:17711]
xref: EMAPA:17711
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010703 ! forelimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010849
name: tibia cartilaginous condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EMAPA:18155
is_a: UBERON:0010885 ! hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010850 ! tibia pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010850
name: tibia pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002036
is_a: UBERON:0010886 ! hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010720 ! hindlimb zeugopod skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010851
name: fibula cartilaginous condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "fibulal cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:18154]
synonym: "fibular cartilage condensation" EXACT [EMAPA:18154]
xref: EMAPA:18154
is_a: UBERON:0010885 ! hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010852 ! fibula pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010852
name: fibula pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "fibulal pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
synonym: "fibular pre-cartilage condensation" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0000509
xref: EHDAA:6196
is_a: UBERON:0010886 ! hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010853
name: capitulum of humerus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In human anatomy of the arm, the lateral portion of the articular surface of the humerus consists of a smooth, rounded eminence, named the capitulum of the humerus. It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone. In birds, where forelimb anatomy has adaptation for flight, its functional if not ontogenetic equivalent is the dorsal condyle of the humerus." [Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus]
comment: TODO - check AAO
synonym: "capitellum" RELATED [Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "capitulum humeri" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "capitulum of humerus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "dorsal condyle of the humerus" RELATED SENSU [Wikipedia:Capitulum_of_the_humerus]
synonym: "humeral capitulum" EXACT [FMA:23373]
xref: FMA:23373
is_a: UBERON:0005055 ! zone of long bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0009988 {source="FMA"} ! condyle of humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010869
name: calcar
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a spur of cartilage arising from inner side of ankle and running along part of outer interfemoral membrane in bats" [Wikipedia:Calcar]
comment: Function notes: to help spread the interfemoral membrane which is part of the wing membrane between the tail and the hind legs.
synonym: "calcaneum" RELATED INCONSISTENT [Wikipedia:Calcar]
synonym: "calcar spur" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010879
name: tusk
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Elongated, continuously growing front teeth, usually but not always in pairs, that protrude well beyond the mouth of certain mammal species. They are most commonly canines, as with warthogs, pig, and walruses, or, in the case of elephants and narwhals, elongated incisors. In most tusked species both the males and the females have tusks although the males are larger. Tusks are generally curved, though the narwhal's sole tusk is straight and has a helical structure. In the elephant, the tusks were originally second incisors. Continuous growth is enabled by formative tissues in the apical openings of the roots of the teeth" [Wikipedia:Tusk]
is_a: UBERON:0001091 ! calcareous tooth

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010881
name: limb bone cartilaginous condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010882 ! limb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002428 ! limb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010882
name: limb bone pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002428 ! limb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010883
name: forelimb bone cartilaginous condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0010881 ! limb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010884 ! forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0008962 ! forelimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010884
name: forelimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
subset: grouping_class
is_a: UBERON:0010882 ! limb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0008962 ! forelimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001440 ! forelimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010885
name: hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010881 ! limb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010886 ! hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0003464 ! hindlimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010886
name: hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010882 ! limb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0003464 ! hindlimb bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010889
name: ectethmoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "either of two lateral parts of the ethmoid bone that form part of the anterior wall of the orbit " [http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/ectethmoid]
comment: Taxon notes: In avians, the mesethmoid supports upper beak formation
synonym: "dorsal nasal capsule" EXACT [PMID:21270050]
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001679 ! ethmoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010890
name: pelvic complex muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Muscles of the pelvic girdle, hindlimb or pelvic fin." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "lower limb muscle" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:9622]
synonym: "muscle of lower limb" RELATED INCONSISTENT [FMA:9622]
synonym: "pelvic girdle or hind limb muscle" NARROW [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "pelvic girdle or posterior limb muscle" NARROW [UBERON:cjm]
xref: AAO:0000218
xref: FMA:9622
xref: MA:0000663
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010891
name: pectoral complex muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb." [UBERON:cjm]
synonym: "muscle of upper limb" NARROW INCONSISTENT [FMA:9621]
synonym: "upper limb muscle" NARROW INCONSISTENT [FMA:9621]
xref: AAO:0010687
xref: FMA:9621
xref: MA:0000615
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010892
name: mesethmoid
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A bone or cartilage in the center of the ethmoid region of the vertebrate skull; usually constitutes the greater portion of the nasal septum." []
synonym: "ventral nasal capsule" EXACT [PMID:21270050]
xref: AAO:0000303
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001679 ! ethmoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010894
name: keratinous tooth
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: The hagfish's jawless mouth contains two parallel rows of pointed keratinous teeth
subset: cyclostome_subset
synonym: "horny denticle" EXACT [http://tolweb.org/Hyperoartia]
is_a: UBERON:0003913 ! tooth-like structure

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010896
name: piston cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Composition notes: composed of lamprin, an elastin-like protein, unique to lampreys
subset: cyclostome_subset
synonym: "lamprey tongue" RELATED []
synonym: "lingual cartilage" EXACT []
synonym: "piston" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010898
name: gastralium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Dermal element that arises via intramembranous ossification and are developmentally distinct from true ribs that articulate with the vertebral column." [VSAO:0000127, Wikipedia:Gastralium]
comment: hese bones may have been derived from the ventral scales found in animals like rhipidistians, labyrinthodonts, and Acanthostega, and may be related to ventral elements of turtle plastrons[WP]
synonym: "abdominal rib" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "belly rib" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "gastralia" EXACT PLURAL [VSAO:0000127]
xref: VSAO:0000127
is_a: UBERON:0003828 ! abdominal segment bone
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="VSAO"} ! dermal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010900
name: tarsometatarsus cartilaginous condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010885 ! hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010901 ! tarsometatarsus pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0008195 ! tarsometatarsus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010901
name: tarsometatarsus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010886 ! hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0008195 ! tarsometatarsus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001445 ! skeleton of foot

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010902
name: tibiotarsus cartilaginous condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010885 ! hindlimb bone cartilaginous condensation
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0010903 ! tibiotarsus pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0008194 ! tibiotarsus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010903
name: tibiotarsus pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010886 ! hindlimb bone pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0008194 ! tibiotarsus
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001441 ! hindlimb skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010904
name: pectoral fin scapula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Endochondral bone that is located medial to the cleithrum, and articulates ventrally with the coracoid, medially with the mesocoracoid when the later is present and posteriorly with the upper one to three proximal radials. The scapula develops from the scapulocoracoid cartilage and belongs to the primary pectoral girdle. It may be perforated by the scapular foramen or it may be notched ventrally and forms together with a similar notch of the coracoid the scapulocoracoid foramen." [TAO:0000583]
comment: Alternate definition: A scapula that is connected to a pectoral fin
synonym: "teleost scapula" RELATED []
xref: TAO:0000583
xref: ZFA:0000583
is_a: UBERON:0006849 ! scapula
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0004753 {source="ZFA"} ! scapulocoracoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010905
name: clavicle bone primordium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: lateral part derives from a fish dermal bone while the medial part comes from a spur off the manubrium endochondral bone[JB]
synonym: "calvicle primordium" EXACT []
xref: EHDAA2:0000254
is_a: UBERON:0002514 {source="EHDAA2"} ! intramembranous bone
is_a: UBERON:0007829 ! pectoral girdle bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 {source="EHDAA2"} ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010907
name: parafibula
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "third bone of the lower leg, normally restricted to the area of the knee, in multuberculates, monotremes and some therians" [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryP.html#P]
is_a: UBERON:0005893 ! leg bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010908
name: paraglossale
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "in the avian hyoid apparatus, the arrowhead-shaped bone which forms the base of the tongue" [http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryP.html#P]
is_a: UBERON:0003462 ! viscerocranium bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010272 ! hyoid apparatus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010910
name: opisthotic
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Posterior ossification of the otic capsule." [AAO:0010835, http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/braincase/opisthotic.html]
comment: Taxon notes:  teleost fishes have a bone which is called the opisthotic. However, it is not homologous to the tetrapod opisthotic and the teleost otic capsule is all of a piece[palaeos]
xref: AAO:0010835
is_a: UBERON:0000032 ! cranial structure
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004637 {source="AAO"} ! otic capsule

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010911
name: ossicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that is small dermal or endochondral bone." [VSAO:0000132]
comment: Ossicles are composed of a combination skeletal tissues, including bone, calcified cartilage, hyaline cartilage, etc, and exhibit variable development across species. Ossicles are not necessarily jointed, and examples include the menisci of synovial joints, "Panda's thumb" (radial sesamoid), cardiac skeletal elements, sclerotic bones, middle ear ossicles, and sesamoids.
xref: VSAO:0000132
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0002513 {source="VSAO"} ! endochondral bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010912
name: subdivision of skeleton
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints." [UBERON:cjm, UBERONREF:0000003]
comment: AO notes: VSAO def logically wrong
synonym: "skeletal subdivision" EXACT [VSAO:0000042]
synonym: "subdivision of skeleton (in vivo)" RELATED [FMA:23879]
xref: FMA:23879
xref: SCTID:129140006
xref: VSAO:0000042
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000075 {source="UBERONREF:0000003"} ! subdivision of skeletal system
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004288 {source="VSAO"} ! skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010913
name: vertebral element
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column." [VSAO:0000184]
comment: Note that Uberon includes a distinct subclass for bony vertebra
xref: VHOG:0001143
xref: VSAO:0000184
is_a: UBERON:0004765 {source="VSAO"} ! skeletal element
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 {source="VSAO"} ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010927
name: thyroepiglotticus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A considerable number of the fibers of the ThyreoarytC&noideus are prolonged into the aryepiglottic fold, where some of them become lost, while others are continued to the margin of the epiglottis. They have received a distinctive name, Thyreoepiglotticus or Thyroepiglottic, and are sometimes described as a separate muscle." [Wikipedia:Thyroepiglottic_muscle]
comment: AO notes: not a distinct muscle in FMA
synonym: "pars thyroepiglottica (musculus thyroarytenoideus)" EXACT [FMA:46594]
synonym: "pars thyroepiglottica musculi thyroarytenoidei" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Thyroepiglottic_muscle]
synonym: "pars thyroepiglottica musculus thyroarytenoidei" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "thyro-epiglottic part of thyro-arytenoid" EXACT [FMA:46594]
synonym: "thyroepiglottic muscle" EXACT [FMA:46594]
xref: FMA:46594
xref: ncithesaurus:Thyroepiglottic_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244819001
is_a: UBERON:0001568 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! muscle of larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008576 {source="FMA"} ! thyro-arytenoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010928
name: cricopharyngeus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: muscle belly
synonym: "cricopharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:46661]
synonym: "cricopharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor" EXACT [FMA:46661]
synonym: "cricopharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "cricopharyngeus muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "pars cricopharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior)" EXACT [FMA:46661]
synonym: "pars cricopharyngea musculus constrictoris pharyngis inferioris" EXACT [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:46661
xref: SCTID:244804002
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001570 {source="FMA"} ! inferior pharyngeal constrictor

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010930
name: interhyoideus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Usage notes: may be obsoleted. Muscle between hyoid arches in fish; Taxon notes: the [mammalian] interhyoideus is homologous with the simple interhyoideus of early stages of amphibia[Edgeworth, 1935].  most extant actinopterygians part of the interhyoideus separates into a distinct muscle during development, the hyohyoideus - http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-213X/8/24/
synonym: "interhyoideus muscle" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010649
is_a: UBERON:0005493 ! hyoid muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010931
name: intermandibularis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Is a mandibular muscle that develops into the ventral intermandibularis anterior and posterior muscles." [ZFA:0000369]
synonym: "intermandibular muscle" RELATED [ZFIN:ZDB-PUB-060921-12]
synonym: "intermandibularis muscle" EXACT []
xref: AAO:0010647
xref: TAO:0000369
xref: ZFA:0000369
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010932
name: crico-arytenoid muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Cricoarytenoid muscles are muscles that connect the cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage. More specifically, it can refer to: Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle" [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "crico-arytenoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytenoid" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytenoid muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "cricoarytenoideus" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002283
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricoarytenoid_Muscle
xref: SCTID:244811003
is_a: UBERON:0006328 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010933
name: orbicularis oris muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "In human anatomy, the orbicularis oris muscle is the sphincter muscle around the mouth. This muscle closes the mouth and puckers the lips when it contracts." [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
synonym: "incisivii labii inferioris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
synonym: "incisivii labii superioris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
synonym: "musculus orbicularis oris" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
synonym: "nasolabialis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
synonym: "orbicularis oris" EXACT [FMA:46841]
synonym: "orbicularis oris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Orbicularis_oris_muscle]
xref: FMA:46841
xref: SCTID:244749008
is_a: UBERON:0001577 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of face
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001684 {notes="Maxilla and mandible", source="dbpedia"} ! mandible
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {notes="Maxilla and mandible", source="dbpedia"} ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010934
name: panniculus carnosus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a part of the subcutaneous tissues in the study of animal anatomy. It is a layer of striated muscle deep to the panniculus adiposus" [Wikipedia:Panniculus_carnosus]
synonym: "panniculus carnosus group" EXACT [EMAPA:18189]
xref: EMAPA:18189
is_a: UBERON:0006660 ! muscle layer

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010936
name: thyropharyngeus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: muscle belly
synonym: "pars thyropharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis inferior)" EXACT [FMA:46658]
synonym: "pars thyropharyngea musculus constrictoris pharyngis inferioris" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:46658]
synonym: "thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor pharyngeus muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "thyropharyngeal part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor" EXACT [FMA:46658]
xref: FMA:46658
xref: SCTID:244805001
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001570 {source="FMA"} ! inferior pharyngeal constrictor

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010937
name: salpingopharyngeus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The salpingopharyngeus muscle arises from the inferior part of the cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube) in the nasal cavity; it passes downward and blends with the posterior fasciculus of the palatopharyngeus muscle. The salpingopharyngeus is known to raise the pharynx and larynx during deglutition (swallowing) and laterally draws the pharyngeal walls up. In addition, it opens the pharyngeal orifice of the pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing. This allows for the equalization of pressure between the auditory canal and the pharynx. The salpingopharyngeus is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) via the pharyngeal plexus." [Wikipedia:Salpingopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus salpingopharyngeus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Salpingopharyngeus_muscle]
synonym: "salpingopharyngeus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Salpingopharyngeus_muscle]
xref: FMA:46665
is_a: UBERON:0000933 {source="FMA"} ! pharyngeal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001738 {source="dbpedia", notes="fibers pass downward and blend with the palatopharyngeus muscle to the upper border thyroid cartilage blending with constrictor fibers"} ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0010234 {source="dbpedia", notes="fibers pass downward and blend with the palatopharyngeus muscle to the upper border thyroid cartilage blending with constrictor fibers"} ! palatopharyngeus
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0007354 {source="dbpedia", notes="lower part of the cartilage of the auditory tube"} ! cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010938
name: muscle belly
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "belly" EXACT [FMA:9719]
synonym: "venter" EXACT [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:9719
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001630 {source="FMA"} ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010939
name: zygomaticomandibularis muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "zygomaticomandibularis muscle" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010940
name: belly of digastric
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "digastric belly" EXACT [FMA:46297]
xref: FMA:46297
xref: SCTID:360772008
is_a: UBERON:0010938 ! muscle belly
intersection_of: UBERON:0010938 ! muscle belly
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001562 ! digastric
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001562 ! digastric

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010943
name: anterior belly of digastric
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "anterior belly of digastric muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "digastricus anterior" EXACT []
synonym: "digastricus, venter rostralis" EXACT []
synonym: "venter anterior (musculus digastricus)" EXACT [FMA:46302]
xref: FMA:46302
xref: SCTID:141804004
is_a: UBERON:0010940 ! belly of digastric

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010944
name: posterior belly of digastric
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "digastricus posterior" EXACT []
synonym: "digastricus, venter caudalis" EXACT []
synonym: "posterior belly of digastric muscle" EXACT []
xref: FMA:46303
xref: SCTID:141905002
is_a: UBERON:0010940 ! belly of digastric

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010945
name: jugulohyoideus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "runs from the processus jugularis to the os stylohyoideum; nnervated with the ramus jugulohyoideus from the nervus facialis" [PMID:7839797]
synonym: "jugulohyoid" RELATED []
synonym: "jugulohyoideus" RELATED []
synonym: "musculus jugulohyoideus" RELATED []
synonym: "musculus occipitohyoideus" RELATED []
synonym: "occipitohyoid" RELATED []
synonym: "occipitohyoideus" RELATED []
xref: FMA:9625
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010946
name: occipitofrontalis muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The occipitofrontalis or epicranius is a muscle which covers parts of the skull. It consists of two parts or bellies: The occipital belly, near the occipital bone, and the frontal belly, near the frontal bone. Some sources consider the occipitofrontalis to be a structure consisting of two distinct muscles, the Frontalis and the occipitalis. However, Terminologia Anatomica currently classifies it as a single muscle." [Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle]
comment: zone of muscle in FMA
synonym: "epicranius" RELATED [Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus occipitofrontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle]
synonym: "occipitofrontalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Occipitofrontalis_muscle]
xref: FMA:9624
xref: ncithesaurus:Occipito-frontalis_Muscle
xref: SCTID:361811007
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0006661 {source="dbpedia"} ! epicranial aponeurosis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010947
name: occipitalis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "occipital belly of occipitofrontalis" EXACT [FMA:46758]
synonym: "occipital part of occipitofrontalis" EXACT [FMA:46758]
synonym: "venter occipitalis (musculus occipitofrontalis)" EXACT [FMA:46758]
synonym: "venter transversa musculus occipitofrontalis occipitalis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:46758
xref: SCTID:21405000
is_a: UBERON:0010938 ! muscle belly
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010946 {source="FMA"} ! occipitofrontalis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010948
name: cleidooccipital muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: Some studies have indicated a supernumerary cleido-occipital muscle more or less separate from the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle; The frequency of cleido-occipital muscle occurrence has been reported up to 33%
synonym: "cleido-occipitalis" EXACT []
synonym: "cleido-occipitalis muscle" EXACT []
xref: MA:0002276
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010949
name: sternooccipital muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: MA:0002385
is_a: UBERON:0002377 ! muscle of neck

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010950
name: styloauricular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "An occasional small muscle extending from the root of the styloid process to the cartilage of the meatus of the ear" [http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?musculus+styloauricularis]
synonym: "mandibulo-auricularis" EXACT []
synonym: "mandibulo-auricularis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "stylo-auricularis" EXACT []
synonym: "stylo-auricularis muscle" EXACT []
synonym: "styloauricularis" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010951
name: interscutular muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a muscle that attaches to the base of the ear and to the middle of the skull" [PMID:19209956]
synonym: "interscutularis" EXACT []
synonym: "musculus interscutularis" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0002376 ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010952
name: frontalis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Frontalis muscle is thin, of a quadrilateral form, and intimately adherent to the superficial fascia. It is broader than the Occipitalis and its fibers are longer and paler in color. It is located on the front of the head. It has no bony attachments. Its medial fibers are continuous with those of the Procerus; its immediate fibers blend with the Corrugator and Orbicularis oculi, thus attached to the skin of the eyebrows; and its lateral fibers are also blended with the latter muscle over the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. In the eyebrows, its primary function is to lift them (thus opposing the orbital portion of the orbicularis), especially when looking up. It also acts when a view is too distant or dim. From these attachments the fibers are directed upward, and join the galea aponeurotica below the coronal suture. The medial margins of the Frontales are joined together for some distance above the root of the nose; but between the Occipitales there is a considerable, though variable, interval, occupied by the galea aponeurotica. It could be part of occipitofrontalis muscle." [Wikipedia:Frontalis_muscle]
synonym: "frontal belly of occipitofrontalis" EXACT [FMA:46757]
synonym: "frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Frontalis_muscle]
synonym: "frontal part of occipitofrontalis" EXACT [FMA:46757]
synonym: "orbito-temporo-auricularis" EXACT [PMID:18657257]
synonym: "venter frontalis (musculus occipitofrontalis)" EXACT [FMA:46757]
synonym: "venter frontalis musculi occipitofrontalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Frontalis_muscle]
synonym: "venter frontalis musculus occipitofrontalis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:46757
xref: SCTID:368680005
is_a: UBERON:0010938 ! muscle belly
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0006661 {source="dbpedia"} ! epicranial aponeurosis
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010946 {source="FMA"} ! occipitofrontalis muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010953
name: nasalis muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The nasalis (compressor naris) is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilage. It consists of two parts, transverse and alar: The transverse part arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa; its fibers proceed upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the aponeurosis of the Procerus. The alar part is attached at one end to the greater alar cartilage, and at the other to the integument at the point of the nose. Other sources divide it into \"Compressor nasalis\" and \"Dilator nasalis\"." [Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle]
synonym: "compressor naris" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle]
synonym: "compressor narium minor" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle]
synonym: "compressor nasi" RELATED [Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus nasalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Nasalis_muscle]
synonym: "nasalis" EXACT [FMA:46770]
xref: FMA:46770
xref: SCTID:244732001
is_a: UBERON:0008522 {source="FMA"} ! nasal muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001681 {source="dbpedia"} ! nasal bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0002397 {source="dbpedia"} ! maxilla

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010954
name: ceratohyoideus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle connecting the hyoidean and branchial arches[unvetted]" [http://www.wordnik.com/words/ceratohyoideus]
is_a: UBERON:0000933 ! pharyngeal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010955
name: trapezius pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002079
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010956
name: pterygopharyngeal part of superior pharyngeal constrictor
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "pars pterygopharyngea (musculus constrictor pharyngis superior)" EXACT [FMA:46638]
synonym: "pterygopharyngeal part of superior constrictor pharyngeus" EXACT [FMA:46638]
synonym: "pterygopharyngeus" RELATED []
xref: FMA:46638
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006329 {source="FMA"} ! superior pharyngeal constrictor

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010958
name: arytenoid muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A single muscle, filling up the posterior concave surfaces of the arytenoid cartilages. It arises from the posterior surface and lateral border of one arytenoid cartilage, and is inserted into the corresponding parts of the opposite cartilage. It consists of oblique and transverse parts." [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
comment: todo - check child relationships
synonym: "aryepiglotticus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "arytaenoideus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "arytaenoideus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
synonym: "ArytĚ?noideus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Arytenoid_muscle]
xref: ncithesaurus:Arytenoid_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0006328 ! laryngeal intrinsic muscle
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001740 {source="dbpedia", notes="Arytenoid cartilage on opposite side"} ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001740 {source="dbpedia", notes="Arytenoid cartilage on one side"} ! arytenoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010959
name: craniocervical muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "muscle of head and neck" RELATED []
synonym: "muscle of head or neck" EXACT []
xref: ncithesaurus:Head_and_Neck_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010961
name: erector spinae pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000455
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003897 {source="EHDAA2"} ! axial muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010970
name: intercostal pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000843
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003897 {source="EHDAA2"} ! axial muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010974
name: external intercostal pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000467
is_a: UBERON:0010970 {source="EHDAA2"} ! intercostal pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010975
name: external oblique pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000470
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002461 {source="EHDAA2"} ! anterior abdominal wall muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010981
name: internal intercostal pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000876
is_a: UBERON:0010970 {source="EHDAA2"} ! intercostal pre-muscle mass

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010982
name: latissimus dorsi pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000933
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010983
name: levator scapulae pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0000993
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010984
name: pectoral pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001423
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010985
name: rhomboid pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001636
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010986
name: serratus anterior pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001833
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003897 {source="EHDAA2"} ! axial muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010987
name: sterno-mastoid pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0001913
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002376 {source="EHDAA2"} ! muscle of head

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010988
name: teres major pre-muscle mass
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: EHDAA2:0002005
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008713 {source="EHDAA2"} ! pectoral girdle and thoracic body wall skeletal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010990
name: transversospinales muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The transversospinal muscles are a group of muscles of the human back. Their combined action is rotation and extension of the vertebral column. They include: semispinalis, spanning 4-6 vertebral segments semispinalis dorsi semispinalis cervicis semispinalis capitis multifidus, spanning 2-4 vertebral segments rotatores, spanning 1-2 vertebral segments rotatores cervicis rotatores thoracis rotatores lumborum" [Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles]
synonym: "deep dorsal muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles]
synonym: "musculi transversospinales" RELATED [FMA:TA]
synonym: "musculi transversospinales" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles]
synonym: "transverospinalis" EXACT [EHDAA2:0002075]
synonym: "transversospinal group of muscles" RELATED [Wikipedia:Transversospinales_muscles]
synonym: "transversospinales" RELATED [FMA:71304]
synonym: "transversospinales muscle group" RELATED [FMA:71304]
xref: EHDAA2:0002075
xref: EHDAA:9465
xref: FMA:71304
xref: SCTID:244866002
is_a: UBERON:0003897 {source="EHDAA2"} ! axial muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010994
name: coronoid process of ulna
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The coronoid process is a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna. Its base is continuous with the body of the bone, and of considerable strength. Its apex is pointed, slightly curved upward, and in flexion of the forearm is received into the coronoid fossa of the humerus. Its upper surface is smooth, concave, and forms the lower part of the semilunar notch. Its antero-inferior surface is concave, and marked by a rough impression for the insertion of the Brachialis muscle. At the junction of this surface with the front of the body is a rough eminence, the tuberosity of the ulna, which gives insertion to a part of the Brachialis; to the lateral border of this tuberosity the oblique cord is attached. Its lateral surface presents a narrow, oblong, articular depression, the radial notch. Its medial surface, by its prominent, free margin, serves for the attachment of part of the ulnar collateral ligament. At the front part of this surface is a small rounded eminence for the origin of one head of the Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle; behind the eminence is a depression for part of the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus muscle; descending from the eminence is a ridge which gives origin to one head of the Pronator teres muscle. Frequently, the Flexor pollicis longus muscle arises from the lower part of the coronoid process by a rounded bundle of muscular fibers." [Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_ulna]
synonym: "coronoid process" BROAD [FMA:23616]
synonym: "coronoid process of the ulna" EXACT [Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_ulna]
synonym: "processus coronoideus" EXACT [FMA:23616]
synonym: "processus coronoideus ulnae" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Coronoid_process_of_the_ulna]
synonym: "ulnar coronoid process" EXACT []
xref: FMA:23616
xref: SCTID:181951002
is_a: UBERON:0004530 ! bony projection
relationship: part_of UBERON:0006822 {source="FMA"} ! proximal epiphysis of ulna

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010995
name: deep part of masseter muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "deep layer of masseter" EXACT [FMA:49003]
synonym: "deep part of masseter" EXACT [FMA:49003]
synonym: "masseter, profundus" EXACT [FEED:FEED]
synonym: "pars profunda (musculus masseter)" EXACT [FMA:49003]
xref: FMA:49003
xref: SCTID:142309002
relationship: in_deep_part_of UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0010996
name: articular cartilage of joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A thin layer of cartilage, usually hyaline, on the articular surface of bones in synovial joints." [BTO:0001572]
subset: uberon_slim
subset: vertebrate_core
synonym: "articular cartilage" EXACT [MA:0000487]
synonym: "cartilago articularis" EXACT [FMA:12264]
synonym: "hyaline cartilage" RELATED [BTO:0001572]
xref: BTO:0001572
xref: EFO:0001902
xref: FMA:12264
xref: GAID:101
xref: galen:ArticularCartilage
xref: MA:0000487
xref: MESH:A.02.165.165
xref: ncithesaurus:Articular_Cartilage
xref: SCTID:305026006
is_a: UBERON:0001994 {source="MA"} ! hyaline cartilage
disjoint_from: UBERON:0011002 ! articular cartilage condensation
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002217 {source="Wikipedia"} ! synovial joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011002
name: articular cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "articular cartilages" BROAD PLURAL [ZFA:0001644]
xref: TAO:0001670
xref: ZFA:0001644
is_a: UBERON:0011004 {source="ZFA"} ! pharyngeal arch cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011004
name: pharyngeal arch cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "pharyngeal arch cartilages" EXACT PLURAL [ZFA:0001460]
synonym: "splanchnocranium cartilage" EXACT [ZFA:0001460]
xref: TAO:0001460
xref: ZFA:0001460
is_a: UBERON:0003933 {source="ZFA"} ! cranial cartilage
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 {source="ZFA"} ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011011
name: brachioradialis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Brachioradialis is a muscle of the forearm that acts to flex the forearm at the elbow. It is also capable of both pronation and supination, depending on the position of the forearm; for this reason it is also called \"the beer drinker muscle. \" It is attached to the distal styloid process of the radius by way of the brachioradialis tendon, and to the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus." [Wikipedia:Brachioradialis]
synonym: "brachioradialis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Brachioradialis]
synonym: "musculus brachioradialis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Brachioradialis]
xref: FMA:38485
xref: SCTID:244989009
is_a: UBERON:0001499 ! muscle of arm
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001423 {notes="Distal radius", source="dbpedia"} ! radius bone
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0000976 {source="dbpedia", notes="Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus"} ! humerus

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011012
name: flexor pollicis brevis muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The flexor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three thenar muscles. It has both a superficial part and a deep part." [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "flexor pollicis brevis" EXACT [FMA:37378]
synonym: "musculus flexor pollicis brevis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_pollicis_brevis_muscle]
xref: FMA:37378
xref: SCTID:181646006
is_a: UBERON:0001500 ! muscle of hand
relationship: has_muscle_antagonist UBERON:0003234 {source="dbpedia", notes="Extensor pollicis longus and brevis"} ! extensor pollicis longus
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0004302 {source="dbpedia"} ! proximal phalanx

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011013
name: spinalis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The spinalis is the portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts. [WP,unvetted]." [Wikipedia:Spinalis]
synonym: "musculus spinalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Spinalis]
synonym: "musculus spinalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Spinalis]
synonym: "spinalis muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Spinalis]
xref: FMA:77179
xref: SCTID:244862000
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001076 {notes="spinous process Thoracis: SP of upper thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: SP of cervical vertebrae except C1.", source="dbpedia"} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001092 {notes="spinous process Thoracis: SP of upper thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: SP of cervical vertebrae except C1.", source="dbpedia"} ! first cervical vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001076 {source="dbpedia", notes="spinous process Thoracis: Upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7."} ! spinous process of vertebra
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0004616 {source="dbpedia", notes="spinous process Thoracis: Upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae. Cervicis: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7."} ! mammalian cervical vertebra 7

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011014
name: spinalis capitis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:22775
xref: SCTID:244865003
is_a: UBERON:0011013 {source="FMA"} ! spinalis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011015
name: iliac fossa
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:75316
is_a: UBERON:0005913 ! zone of bone organ
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001273 ! ilium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011016
name: pyramidalis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The pyramidalis is a small and triangular muscle, anterior to the Rectus abdominis, and contained in the rectus sheath." [Wikipedia:Pyramidalis_muscle]
synonym: "musculus pyramidalis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Pyramidalis_muscle]
synonym: "pyramidalis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Pyramidalis_muscle]
synonym: "pyramidalis muscle" EXACT [FMA:15568]
xref: FMA:15568
xref: ncithesaurus:Pyramidalis
is_a: UBERON:0002461 {source="FMA"} ! anterior abdominal wall muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0003699 {source="dbpedia", notes="pubic symphysis and pubic crest"} ! pubic symphysis

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011017
name: semispinalis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a transversospinalis muscle of the human body." [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_muscle]
synonym: "semispinalis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Semispinalis_muscle]
xref: FMA:22823
is_a: UBERON:0004518 {source="FMA"} ! muscle of vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011022
name: flexor hallucis brevis
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The Flexor hallucis brevis arises, by a pointed tendinous process, from the medial part of the under surface of the cuboid bone, from the contiguous portion of the third cuneiform, and from the prolongation of the tendon of the Tibialis posterior which is attached to that bone. It divides in front into two portions, which are inserted into the medial and lateral sides of the base of the first phalanx of the great toe, a sesamoid bone being present in each tendon at its insertion. The medial portion is blended with the Abductor hallucis previous to its insertion; the lateral portion with the Adductor hallucis; the tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus lies in a groove between them; the lateral portion is sometimes described as the first Interosseous plantaris." [Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "flexor hallucis brevis muscle" EXACT [Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle]
synonym: "m.flexor hallucis brevis" EXACT [FMA:37449]
synonym: "musculus flexor hallucis brevis" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Flexor_hallucis_brevis_muscle]
xref: FMA:37449
is_a: UBERON:0000366 ! flexor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001498 ! muscle of foot
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0001479 {notes="medial and lateral sesamoid bones of first metatarsal", source="dbpedia"} ! sesamoid bone
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0003650 {notes="medial and lateral sesamoid bones of first metatarsal", source="dbpedia"} ! metatarsal bone of digit 1
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0010721 {source="dbpedia", notes="plantar surface of cuneiform bones"} ! distal tarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011024
name: extensor muscle of hand
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [Wikipedia:Extrinsic_extensor_muscles_of_the_hand]
is_a: UBERON:0000311 ! extensor muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001500 ! muscle of hand

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011025
name: aryepiglotticus muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The aryepiglotticus is a muscle of the larynx running in the aryepiglottic fold from the arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis." [Wikipedia:Aryepiglottic_muscle]
synonym: "ary-epiglottic part of oblique arytenoid" EXACT [FMA:46602]
synonym: "aryepiglottic muscle" EXACT [FMA:46602]
synonym: "aryepiglotticus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Aryepiglottic_muscle]
synonym: "pars aryepiglottica (musculus arytenoideus obliquus)" EXACT [FMA:46602]
synonym: "pars aryepiglottica musculi arytenoidei obliqui, musculus aryepiglotticus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Aryepiglottic_muscle]
synonym: "pars aryepiglottica musculus arytenoidei obliqui" EXACT [FMA:TA]
xref: FMA:46602
xref: ncithesaurus:Aryepiglottic_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0001568 {source="ncithesaurus"} ! muscle of larynx
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008575 {source="FMA"} ! oblique arytenoid

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011043
name: obturator muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:19083
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Muscle
is_a: UBERON:0002000 {source="FMA"} ! gluteal muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011048
name: obturator internus
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane, and the rim of the pubis. It exits the pelvic cavity through the lesser sciatic foramen. The obturator internus is situated partly within the lesser pelvis, and partly at the back of the hip-joint. It functions to help laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh, as well as to steady the femoral head in the acetabulum." [Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle]
comment: Definition generalized to accommodate AAO class - "Originates on the entire lateral surface of the pelvic rim. Dorsal fibers insert distally to the dorso-medial surface of the caput femoris and ventral fibers extend around the acetabulum to insert on the tendon of the caput femoris." [AAO:0010052]
synonym: "internal obturator" EXACT [FMA:22298]
synonym: "internus obturator" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle]
synonym: "musculus obturator internus" EXACT [FMA:22298]
synonym: "musculus obturatorius internus" RELATED LATIN [Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle]
synonym: "obturator internus muscle" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle]
synonym: "obturatorius internus" RELATED [Wikipedia:Obturator_internus_muscle]
xref: AAO:0010052
xref: FMA:22298
xref: ncithesaurus:Obturator_Internus_Muscle
xref: SCTID:245025008
is_a: UBERON:0011043 {source="FMA"} ! obturator muscle
relationship: attaches_to UBERON:0002503 {source="FMA"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: has_muscle_insertion UBERON:0002503 {source="dbpedia", notes="medial aspect of the Greater trochanter"} ! greater trochanter
relationship: part_of UBERON:0004470 {source="FMA"} ! musculature of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011050
name: thoracic vertebra 8
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "eighth dorsal vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9991]
synonym: "eighth thoracic vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9991]
synonym: "T8 vertebra" EXACT [FMA:9991]
xref: EMAPA:19549
xref: FMA:9991
xref: MA:0001445
xref: ncithesaurus:T8_Vertebra
xref: SCTID:181836007
is_a: UBERON:0002347 {source="MA"} ! thoracic vertebra
relationship: anteriorly_connected_to UBERON:0004632 {source="FMA"} ! thoracic vertebra 7

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011079
name: angular bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is located posterior to the dentary and lateral to the articular and retroarticular bones of the lower jaw. The angular forms the outer dermal sheet of the posterior part of the lower jaw. The angular bears a portion of the mandibular sensory canal. The angular is a paired bone." [TAO:0001669, Wikipedia:Angular_bone]
comment: The angular fuses with the articular bone in clupeocephalans forming the anguloarticular.
synonym: "angular" EXACT [AAO:0000010]
xref: AAO:0000010
xref: TAO:0001669
xref: ZFA:0001645
is_a: UBERON:0004768 ! bone of lower jaw
is_a: UBERON:0008907 {source="TAO"} ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001710 {source="TAO"} ! lower jaw

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011085
name: dorsal pharyngeal arch 1
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch, comprising the upper jaw." [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "dorsal mandibular arch" RELATED [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "dorsal visceral arch 1" RELATED [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "palatoquadrate arch" RELATED [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "upper jaw" RELATED [VHOG:0000511]
synonym: "upper pharyngeal jaw" RELATED [VHOG:0000511]
xref: EFO:0003659
xref: TAO:0001272
xref: VHOG:0000511
xref: ZFA:0001272
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001704 {source="VHOG"} ! viscerocranium

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011088
name: ligament of knee joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "knee joint ligament" EXACT [FMA:44580]
xref: FMA:44580
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001485 ! knee joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011090
name: skeleton of right pelvic girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:87593
is_a: UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011091
name: skeleton of left pelvic girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
xref: FMA:87594
is_a: UBERON:0007832 ! skeleton of pelvic girdle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011094
name: vertebra cartilaginous condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010913 ! vertebral element
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0011095 ! vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011095
name: vertebra pre-cartilage condensation
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
relationship: develops_into UBERON:0002412 ! vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011104
name: epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "fifth metacarpal bone epiphysis" EXACT [FMA:86330]
synonym: "metacarpal 5 epiphysis" EXACT []
xref: FMA:86330
is_a: UBERON:0004390 ! epiphysis of metacarpal bone
intersection_of: UBERON:0001437 ! epiphysis
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0003649 ! metacarpal bone of digit 5
relationship: part_of UBERON:0003649 ! metacarpal bone of digit 5

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011106
name: cruciate ligament of atlas
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a cruciate ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint. It consists of the transverse ligament of the atlas, along with additional fibers above and below." [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens]
synonym: "cruciate ligament of dens" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens]
synonym: "cruciform ligament of atlas" EXACT [FMA:25018]
synonym: "cruciform ligament of dens" EXACT [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens]
synonym: "ligamentum cruciforme atlantis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Cruciate_ligament_of_the_dens]
synonym: "triradiate ligament" RELATED [EMAPA:19010]
xref: EMAPA:19010
xref: FMA:25018
xref: SCTID:182362005
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
relationship: part_of UBERON:0000220 {source="FMA", inconsistent_with="Wikipedia"} ! atlanto-occipital joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011107
name: synovial joint of pelvic girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "joint of pelvic girdle" EXACT []
synonym: "pelvic girdle joint" EXACT [FMA:35173]
xref: FMA:35173
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
is_a: UBERON:0008114 ! joint of girdle
relationship: connects UBERON:0007830 ! pelvic girdle bone/zone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011108
name: synovial joint of pectoral girdle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
comment: AO notes: in FMA, these are part of the bony pectoral girdle
synonym: "pectoral girdle joint" EXACT [FMA:35243]
xref: FMA:35243
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
is_a: UBERON:0008114 ! joint of girdle
relationship: connects UBERON:0007829 ! pectoral girdle bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011110
name: humeroulnar joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The humeroulnar joint, is part of the elbow-joint or the Olecron Joint, between the ulna and humerus bones is the simple hinge-joint, which allows for movements of flexion, extension and circumduction. The Humero-Ulnar Joint is the junction of trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus. Owing to the obliquity of the trochlea of the humerus, this movement does not take place in the antero-posterior plane of the body of the humerus. When the forearm is extended and supinated, the axis of the arm and forearm are not in the same line; the arm forms an obtuse angle with the forearm. During flexion, however, the forearm and the hand tend to approach the middle line of the body, and thus enable the hand to be easily carried to the face. The accurate adaptation of the trochlea of the humerus, with its prominences and depressions, to the semilunar notch of the ulna, prevents any lateral movement. Flexion is produced by the action of the Biceps brachii and Brachialis, assisted by the Brachioradialis, with a tiny contribution from the muscles arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Extension is produced by the Triceps brachii and AnconC&us, with a tiny contribution from the muscles arising from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, such as the Extensor digitorum communis." [Wikipedia:Humeroulnar_joint]
synonym: "articulatio humeroulnaris" EXACT LATIN [FMA:TA]
synonym: "humero-ulnar joint" EXACT [FMA:38854]
xref: FMA:38854
is_a: UBERON:0003839 ! forelimb joint
is_a: UBERON:0011139 ! synovial limb joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: connects UBERON:0001424 ! ulna
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001490 {source="FMA"} ! elbow joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011111
name: humeroradial joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The humeroradial joint, the joint between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus, is a hinge joint. The bony surfaces would of themselves constitute an enarthrosis and allow movement in all directions, were it not for the annular ligament, by which the head of the radius is bound to the radial notch of the ulna, and which prevents any separation of the two bones laterally. It is to the same ligament that the head of the radius owes its security from dislocation, which would otherwise tend to occur, from the shallowness of the cup-like surface on the head of the radius. In fact, but for this ligament, the tendon of the Biceps brachii would be liable to pull the head of the radius out of the joint. The head of the radius is not in complete contact with the capitulum of the humerus in all positions of the joint. The capitulum occupies only the anterior and inferior surfaces of the lower end of the humerus, so that in complete extension a part of the radial head can be plainly felt projecting at the back of the articulation. In full flexion the movement of the radial head is hampered by the compression of the surrounding soft parts, so that the freest rotatory movement of the radius on the humerus (pronation and supination) takes place in semiflexion, in which position the two articular surfaces are in most intimate contact. Flexion and extension of the elbow-joint are limited by the tension of the structures on the front and back of the joint; the limitation of flexion is also aided by the soft structures of the arm and forearm coming into contact." [Wikipedia:Humeroradial_joint]
synonym: "articulatio humeroradialis" EXACT LATIN [Wikipedia:Humeroradial_joint]
xref: FMA:38855
is_a: UBERON:0003839 ! forelimb joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0000976 ! humerus
relationship: connects UBERON:0001423 ! radius bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001490 {source="FMA"} ! elbow joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011112
name: tibiofibular joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A joint that connects the tibia and the fibula." [UBERON:cjm, Wikipedia:Tibiofibular_joint]
xref: FMA:35181
xref: SCTID:244554002
is_a: UBERON:0002210 {source="FMA"} ! syndesmosis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001446 ! fibula
relationship: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: connects UBERON:0001446 ! fibula

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011113
name: inferior tibiofibular joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia. Below, to the extent of about 4 mm. these surfaces are smooth, and covered with cartilage, which is continuous with that of the ankle-joint. The ligaments are: Anterior ligament of the lateral malleolus Posterior ligament of the lateral malleolus Inferior transverse ligament of the tibiofibular syndesmosis Interosseous ligament" [Wikipedia:Inferior_tibiofibular_articulation]
synonym: "distal tibiofibular joint" EXACT [FMA:10465]
synonym: "inferior tibiofibular articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Inferior_tibiofibular_articulation]
synonym: "syndesmosis tibiofibularis" EXACT [FMA:TA]
synonym: "tibiofibular syndesmosis" EXACT [FMA:10465]
xref: FMA:10465
xref: SCTID:182209000
is_a: UBERON:0011112 {source="FMA"} ! tibiofibular joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011117
name: superior tibiofibular joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. The contiguous surfaces of the bones present flat, oval facets covered with cartilage and connected together by an articular capsule and by anterior and posterior ligaments. When the term \"tibiofibular articulation\" is used without a modifier, it refers to the superior, and not the inferior tibiofibular articulation." [Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_articulation]
synonym: "proximal tibiofibular joint" EXACT [FMA:35184]
synonym: "proximal tibiofibular joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_articulation]
synonym: "superior tibiofibular articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Superior_tibiofibular_articulation]
xref: FMA:35184
xref: SCTID:182208008
is_a: UBERON:0011112 {source="FMA"} ! tibiofibular joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011118
name: tarsometatarsal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The tarsometatarsal articulations are arthrodial joints in the foot. It is also known as the \"Lisfranc joint\". It is named after 18th-19th century surgeon and gynecologist, Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin." [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
synonym: "cuboideometatarsal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
synonym: "lisfranc joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
synonym: "tarsometatarsal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
synonym: "tarsometatarsal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Tarsometatarsal_articulations]
xref: FMA:35216
xref: SCTID:182222008
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001447 ! tarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001448 ! metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011119
name: carpometacarpal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The carpometacarpal joints (CMC) are five joints in the wrist that articulates the distal row of carpal bones and the proximal bases of the five metacarpal bones. The CMC of the thumb or the first CMC differs significantly from the other four CMCs and is therefore described separately." [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint]
synonym: "carpometacarpal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint]
synonym: "carpometacarpal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint]
synonym: "carpometacarpal joints" RELATED [Wikipedia:Carpometacarpal_joint]
xref: FMA:35287
xref: ncithesaurus:Carpometacarpal_Joint
xref: SCTID:361842002
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001435 ! carpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0002374 ! metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011120
name: laryngeal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "joint of larynx" EXACT [FMA:55100]
synonym: "laryngeal articulation" EXACT [FMA:55100]
xref: FMA:55100
is_a: UBERON:0002217 {source="FMA"} ! synovial joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001739 ! laryngeal cartilage
relationship: connects UBERON:0001739 ! laryngeal cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011121
name: cricothyroid joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The cricoarytenoid articulation (or joint) is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage." [Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_articulation]
synonym: "crico-thyroid joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cricothyroid_articulation]
synonym: "cricothyroid articulation" EXACT [FMA:55101]
xref: FMA:55101
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricothyroid_Joint
is_a: UBERON:0011120 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001738 ! thyroid cartilage
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage
relationship: connects UBERON:0001738 ! thyroid cartilage
relationship: connects UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011122
name: cricoarytenoid joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The cricoarytenoid articulation (or joint) is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage." [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_articulation]
synonym: "crico-arytenoid joint" EXACT [FMA:55102]
synonym: "crico-arytenoid joint" RELATED [Wikipedia:Cricoarytenoid_articulation]
synonym: "cricoarytenoid articulation" EXACT [FMA:55102]
xref: FMA:55102
xref: ncithesaurus:Cricoarytenoid_Joint
is_a: UBERON:0011120 {source="FMA"} ! laryngeal joint
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage
relationship: connects UBERON:0001740 ! arytenoid cartilage
relationship: connects UBERON:0002375 ! cricoid cartilage

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011123
name: stifle joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "a complex joint in the hind limbs of quadruped mammals such as the sheep, horse or dog. It is the equivalent joint to the human knee. It is often the largest synovial joint in the body." [Wikipedia:Stifle_joint]
xref: ncithesaurus:Stifle_Joint
xref: SCTID:116010006
is_a: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
relationship: connects UBERON:0000979 ! tibia
relationship: connects UBERON:0000981 ! femur
relationship: connects UBERON:0002446 ! patella

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011124
name: xiphisternal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The xiphisternal joint (or xiphisternal synchondrosis) is a location near the bottom of the sternum,  where the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process." [Wikipedia:Xiphisternal_joint]
synonym: "synchondrosis xiphisternalis" EXACT [FMA:7503]
synonym: "xiphisternal junction" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphisternal_joint]
synonym: "xiphisternal synchdrondosis" RELATED [Wikipedia:Xiphisternal_joint]
xref: FMA:7503
xref: SCTID:118923007
xref: SCTID:118924001
is_a: UBERON:0002216 {source="FMA"} ! symphysis
intersection_of: UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0002207 ! xiphoid process
intersection_of: connects UBERON:0006820 ! body of sternum
relationship: connects UBERON:0002207 ! xiphoid process
relationship: connects UBERON:0006820 ! body of sternum

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011130
name: temporomandibular joint primordium
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "temporo-mandibular joint primordium" EXACT [EMAPA:18714]
xref: EMAPA:18714
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001694 {source="EMAPA"} ! petrous part of temporal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011131
name: intermetacarpal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Synovial joint between the bases of adjacent metacarpals. Examples: intermetacarpal joint of right second and third metacarpal bones, intermetacarpal joint of right fourth and fifth metacarpal bones." [FMA:35288, Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations]
synonym: "intermetacarpal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations]
synonym: "intermetacarpal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intermetacarpal_articulations]
xref: FMA:35288
is_a: UBERON:0001489 ! joint of hand
relationship: connects UBERON:0002374 {cardinality="2"} ! metacarpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0002374 {notes="two adjacent metacarpals"} ! metacarpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011132
name: intercarpal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "The intercarpal articulations (articulations of the carpus) can be subdivided into three sets of articulations: Those of the proximal row of carpal bones, those of the distal row of carpal bones, and those of the two rows with each other." [Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations]
synonym: "carpal joint" EXACT [FMA:35292]
synonym: "intercarpal" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations]
synonym: "intercarpal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations]
synonym: "midcarpal articulation" RELATED [Wikipedia:Intercarpal_articulations]
xref: FMA:35292
xref: ncithesaurus:Carpal_Joint
xref: SCTID:182176003
is_a: UBERON:0001489 ! joint of hand
relationship: connects UBERON:0001435 {notes="two adjacent carpals"} ! carpal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001435 {cardinality="2"} ! carpal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011133
name: intermetatarsal joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A joint that connects two adjacent metatarsals" [Wikipedia:Intermetatarsal_articulations]
comment: In humans: The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb[WP]
xref: FMA:35219
xref: SCTID:361868009
is_a: UBERON:0001487 ! joint of foot
relationship: connects UBERON:0001448 {notes="two adjacent metatarsals"} ! metatarsal bone
relationship: connects UBERON:0001448 {cardinality="2"} ! metatarsal bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011134
name: nonsynovial joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis." [FMA:7491]
synonym: "solid joint" EXACT [FMA:7491]
xref: FMA:7491
is_a: UBERON:0000982 {source="FMA"} ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011135
name: intervertebral cartilage
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A cartilage element that lies between two successive vertebral centra." [ISBN10:0073040584]
xref: AAO:0000795
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilaginous element
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001075 {cardinality="2"} ! body of vertebra
relationship: adjacent_to UBERON:0001075 {notes="between two centra"} ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001468 {source="FMA", source="MA"} ! intervertebral joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011136
name: ligament of vertebral column
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "ligament that joins successive centra. Important in controlling the stiffness of the vertebral column when it flexes." [ISBN10:0073040584]
synonym: "intervertebral ligament" BROAD []
synonym: "vertebral column ligament" EXACT [FMA:31892]
xref: FMA:31892
xref: SCTID:244590009
is_a: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: UBERON:0008846 ! skeletal ligament
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001075 ! body of vertebra
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001130 ! vertebral column

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011137
name: axial skeletal system
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints." [UBERON:cjm]
xref: FMA:7483
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011138
name: post-cranial axial skeletal system
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the post-cranial axial skeleton plus associated joints." [UBERON:cjm]
is_a: UBERON:0000075 {source="FMA"} ! subdivision of skeletal system

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011139
name: synovial limb joint
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb." [UBERON:cjm]
comment: Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses.
synonym: "synovial joint of free limb segment" EXACT [FMA:258776]
xref: FMA:258776
is_a: UBERON:0002217 ! synovial joint
is_a: UBERON:0003657 ! limb joint

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011140
name: superficial part of masseter muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
synonym: "pars superficialis (musculus masseter)" EXACT [FMA:49000]
synonym: "superficial layer of masseter" EXACT [FMA:49000]
synonym: "superficial part of masseter" EXACT [FMA:49000]
xref: FMA:49000
xref: SCTID:142208007
relationship: in_superficial_part_of UBERON:0001597 ! masseter muscle

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011141
name: appendicular ossicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton." [VSAO:0000131]
comment: Examples of appendicular ossicles include the patella and meniscus of the knee joint.
synonym: "ossicle of appendicular skeleton" EXACT [Obol:automatic]
xref: VSAO:0000131
xref: XAO:0004194
is_a: UBERON:0010911 ! ossicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0010911 ! ossicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! entire appendicular skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002091 ! entire appendicular skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011142
name: axial ossicle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton." [VSAO:0000133]
comment: Examples of axial ossicles include the ossified tendons adjacent to the neural spines of the vertebral column.
synonym: "ossicle of axial skeleton" EXACT [Obol:automatic]
xref: VSAO:0000133
is_a: UBERON:0010911 ! ossicle
intersection_of: UBERON:0010911 ! ossicle
intersection_of: part_of UBERON:0005944 ! axial skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0005944 ! axial skeleton

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011144
name: adductor muscle of hip
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "." [Wikipedia:Adductor_muscles_of_the_hip]
synonym: "adductor group (leg)" EXACT [MA:0002267]
synonym: "muscle of adductor group" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000030
xref: MA:0002267
xref: SCTID:368101007
is_a: UBERON:0010890 ! pelvic complex muscle
is_a: UBERON:0011145 ! adductor muscle
relationship: has_muscle_origin UBERON:0001272 ! pelvic bone

[Term]
id: UBERON:0011145
name: adductor muscle
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "A muscle capable of adduction. Adduction is a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body. It is opposed to abduction." [Wikipedia:Adduction, Wikipedia:Adductor_muscle]
comment: we place the TAO class here even though it is a cranial muscle; it is defined functionally
subset: functional_classification
synonym: "adductor" RELATED []
xref: FMA:74998
xref: TAO:0002136
xref: ZFA:0005268
is_a: UBERON:0001630 ! muscle organ

[Term]
id: UBERON:1000000
name: chin ventral margin
namespace: uberon/phenoscape-anatomy
def: "Subdivision of the head consisting of the area along the lower edge of the chin." [UBERON:EJS]
subset: phenotype_rcn
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008199 ! chin

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000003
name: permanent cartilage
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage that is not replaced." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilaginous element

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000013
name: mineralized tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000028
name: integumentary papilla
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Odontogenic papilla that is located in the integument." [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "scale papilla" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0001763 ! dental papilla

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000030
name: oropharyngeal papilla
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton." [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "oropharyngeal dental papilla" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0001763 ! dental papilla

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000041
name: preodontoblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a neural crest cell." [VSAO:curator]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001763 ! dental papilla
relationship: part_of VSAO:0000071 ! pre-dentine
relationship: produces VSAO:0000071 ! pre-dentine

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000043
name: precementoblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to develop into a cementoblast." [VSAO:curator]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001763 ! dental papilla

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000045
name: preosteoblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells." [VSAO:curator]
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008883 ! osteoid

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000058
name: chondroblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that is typically non-terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG rich matrix; is not buried in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, located adjacent to cartilage tissue (including within the perichondrium), and develops from prechondroblast (and thus prechondrogenic) cell." [VSAO:curator]
xref: CL:0000058
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: produces UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000060
name: osteoblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell." [VSAO:curator]
xref: CL:0000062
relationship: part_of UBERON:0008883 ! osteoid
relationship: produces UBERON:0008883 ! osteoid
relationship: transformation_of VSAO:0000045 ! preosteoblast

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000061
name: cementoblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum (= bone of attachment), is part of the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a precementoblast cell." [VSAO:curator]
xref: CL:0000061
relationship: develops_from VSAO:0000043 ! precementoblast
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001763 ! dental papilla
relationship: produces UBERON:0001753 ! cementum

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000066
name: pre-enamel
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix." [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "pre-enamel tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "preenamel tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000068
name: odontoblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from the odontogenic papilla, and develops from a preodontoblast cell." [VSAO:curator]
xref: CL:0000060
relationship: develops_from VSAO:0000041 ! preodontoblast
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001751 ! dentine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001763 ! dental papilla
relationship: produces UBERON:0001751 ! dentine
relationship: produces VSAO:0000071 ! pre-dentine

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000071
name: pre-dentine
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix." [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "pre-dentine tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "predentine tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000077
name: non-mineralized chondroid tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000078
name: chondroid tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletal tissue that is mineralized, has large chondrocyte-like cells, sparse extracellular matrix, and minimal perichondrium; develops from non-mineralized chondroid tissue." [PSPUB:0000170, TAO:curator]
synonym: "chondroid bone tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0004755 ! skeletal tissue
relationship: develops_from VSAO:0000077 ! non-mineralized chondroid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000084
name: cementocyte
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that produces cementum, is part of the odontogenic papilla, and is a transformation of a cementoblast cell." [VSAO:curator]
xref: CL:0000141
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001763 ! dental papilla
relationship: transformation_of VSAO:0000061 ! cementoblast

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000085
name: chondrocyte
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell." [VSAO:curator]
xref: CL:0000138
relationship: develops_from VSAO:0000058 ! chondroblast
relationship: part_of UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of VSAO:0000078 ! chondroid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000086
name: secondary cartilage tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Cartilage tissue that is part of the exoskeleton, deposited adjacent to bone after bone formation." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010364 ! dermal skeleton

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000087
name: cosmine
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
synonym: "cosmoid scale tissue" EXACT [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000088
name: mineralized cartilage tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Cartilage tissue that is mineralized." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000089
name: non-mineralized cartilage tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0002418 ! cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000090
name: integumentary skeleton
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletal subdivision that is part of the extra-oral dermal skeletal system that develops and remains invested within the integument, primarily the dermis." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010364 ! dermal skeleton

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000095
name: non-terminally differentiated odontoblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Odontoblast that non-terminally differentiated, located in the odontogenic papilla and dentine tissue, and transforms from a odontoblast cell." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: VSAO:0000068 ! odontoblast
relationship: transformation_of VSAO:0000068 ! odontoblast

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000096
name: terminally differentiated odontoblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Odontoblast that is terminally differentiated and derived from an odontogenic papilla and associated with dentine." [VSAO:curator]
is_a: VSAO:0000068 ! odontoblast

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000097
name: orthodentine
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Odontoid tissue that typically contains tubules and is acellular." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000098
name: hypertrophic chondrocyte
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Chondrocyte that is terminally differentiated, produces type X collagen, is large in size, and often associated with the replacement of cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification)." [VSAO:curator]
xref: CL:0000743
is_a: VSAO:0000085 ! chondrocyte

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000100
name: periarticular chondrocyte
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Chondrocyte that is located on a joint surface; part of articular cartilage." [VSAO:curator]
xref: CL:0000742
is_a: VSAO:0000085 ! chondrocyte
relationship: has_location UBERON:0000982 ! skeletal joint

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000102
name: osteodentine
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000104
name: ganoine
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Odontogenic tissue that is hypermineralized acellular, noncollagenous, covered by an epidermis and often deposited in multiple layers." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000106
name: vasodentine
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Dentine tissue that lacks dentine tubules and that is penetrated by blood capillaries." [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "vascular dentine" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000107
name: elasmodine
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Odontogenic tissue that consists of multiple layers of collagen fibers organized in orthogonal or twisted arrangements." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000108
name: non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0001994 ! hyaline cartilage
is_a: VSAO:0000089 ! non-mineralized cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000109
name: mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0001994 ! hyaline cartilage
is_a: VSAO:0000013 ! mineralized tissue
is_a: VSAO:0000088 ! mineralized cartilage tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0001994 ! hyaline cartilage

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000110
name: columnar chondrocyte
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Chondrocyte that is linearly arranged with other columnar chondrocytes." [PSPUB:0000170]
xref: CL:0000744
is_a: VSAO:0000085 ! chondrocyte

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000112
name: odontocyte
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that secretes dentine matrix, is derived from odontogenic papilla. Embedded in dentine tissue, and is the transformation of a non-terminally differentiated odontoblast cell." [VSAO:curator]
xref: CL:0000140
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001751 ! dentine
relationship: part_of UBERON:0001763 ! dental papilla
relationship: produces UBERON:0001751 ! dentine
relationship: transformation_of VSAO:0000095 ! non-terminally differentiated odontoblast

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000113
name: enameloid
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. Enameloid develops from pre-enameloid tissue." [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "bitypic enamel" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "durodentine" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "enameloid tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
synonym: "vitrodentine" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue
relationship: develops_from VSAO:0000114 ! pre-enameloid

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000114
name: pre-enameloid
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix." [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "non-mineralized enameloid tissue" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000115
name: mineralized bone tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0002481 ! bone tissue
is_a: VSAO:0000013 ! mineralized tissue
relationship: develops_from UBERON:0008883 ! osteoid

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000116
name: terminally differentiated osteoblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Osteoblast that is terminally differentiated, located adjacent to acellular or cellular bone tissue within periosteum, and is capable of mineralizing the matrix." [VSAO:curator]
is_a: VSAO:0000060 ! osteoblast

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000117
name: non-terminally differentiated osteoblast
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Osteoblast that is non-terminally differentiated and located in cellular bone tissue or under the periosteum in acellular bone." [VSAO:curator]
is_a: VSAO:0000060 ! osteoblast
relationship: integral_part_of VSAO:0000118 ! cellular bone tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000118
name: cellular bone tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: VSAO:0000115 ! mineralized bone tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000119
name: non-mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized." [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "non-mineralized cartilage" EXACT [VSAO:curator]
relationship: part_of VSAO:0000089 ! non-mineralized cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000120
name: mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized." [PSPUB:0000170]
relationship: part_of VSAO:0000088 ! mineralized cartilage tissue

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000122
name: acellular bone tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: VSAO:0000115 ! mineralized bone tissue
relationship: has_part VSAO:0000116 ! terminally differentiated osteoblast

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000123
name: odontode tissue
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue." [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "dental tissue" RELATED [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0010365 ! odontoid tissue
relationship: develops_from VSAO:0000071 ! pre-dentine

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000124
name: osteocyte
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletogenic cell that secretes and is embedded in lacunae within mineralized bone matrix and that arises from the transformation of non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts. Interconnected with other osteocytes in lacunae by canaliculi." [VSAO:curator]
xref: CL:0000137
relationship: integral_part_of VSAO:0000118 ! cellular bone tissue
relationship: transformation_of VSAO:0000117 ! non-terminally differentiated osteoblast

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000134
name: ossified tendon
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Sesamoid that develops within a tendon, distal to an articulation or joint." [PSPUB:0000169]
synonym: "intratendonous ossification" RELATED []
is_a: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000138
name: ligamentous replacement element
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Replacement element that forms as a replacement of a ligament." [PSPUB:0000170]
is_a: UBERON:0010522 ! replacement element

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000146
name: transient cartilaginous element
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage during development and has the potential to become replaced by another tissue." [PSPUB:0000170]
synonym: "endochondral replacement cartilage" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0007844 ! cartilaginous element
is_a: UBERON:0010363 ! endochondral element

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000157
name: scapula
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
is_a: UBERON:0002513 ! endochondral bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000159
name: ossified ligament
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Sesamoid that develops within a ligament, distal to an articulation or joint." [GO_REF:0000034, PSPUB:0000169]
is_a: UBERON:0001479 ! sesamoid bone

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000160
name: anocleithrum
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is dorsal to and articulates with the cleithrum." [VSAO:curator]
comment: In sarcopterygians; analogous in position to postcleithrum in actinopterygians.
synonym: "anocleithra" EXACT PLURAL []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000161
name: interclavicle
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone of pectoral girdle that is median and ventral in position." [VSAO:curator]
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000166
name: anal fin skeleton
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Median fin skeleton that is located posterior to the anus." [TAO:curator]
is_a: VSAO:0000170 ! median fin skeleton

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000167
name: caudal fin skeleton
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin." [TAO:curator]
is_a: VSAO:0000170 ! median fin skeleton

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000168
name: dorsal fin skeleton
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism." [TAO:curator]
is_a: VSAO:0000170 ! median fin skeleton

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000170
name: median fin skeleton
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism." [TAO:curator]
synonym: "axial fin skeleton" EXACT []
synonym: "unpaired fin skeleton" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000171
name: scapular complex
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Skeletal subdivision of dermal bones that may include the anterolateral plate (AL), the spinal process (Sp), and anteroventral plate (AV) and other dermal bones that are part of the pectoral girdle." [VSAO:curator]
comment: A scapular complex is described in placoderms (Goujet and Young, 1995).
is_a: UBERON:0010912 ! subdivision of skeleton
relationship: part_of UBERON:0007831 ! skeleton of pectoral girdle

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000172
name: lepidotrichium
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Dermal bone that is rod-like, formed and usually contained in a fin membrane, and jointed to or adjacent to distal radials. Lepidotrichia are formed from paired hemitrichia surrounding actinotrichia. There are usually two more lepidotrichia than distal radials." [TAO:curator]
synonym: "fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: UBERON:0008907 ! dermal bone

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000173
name: pelvic fin lepidotrichium
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Lepidotrichium that is part of the pelvic fin skeleton." [TAO:curator]
synonym: "pelvic fin lepidotrichia" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "pelvic fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: VSAO:0000172 ! lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010711 ! pelvic fin skeleton

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000174
name: caudal fin lepidotrichium
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Lepidotrichium that is part of the caudal fin skeleton." [TAO:curator]
synonym: "caudal fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: VSAO:0000172 ! lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of VSAO:0000167 ! caudal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000175
name: pectoral fin lepidotrichium
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Lepidotrichium that is part of the pectoral fin skeleton." [TAO:curator]
comment: Each pectoral lepidotrichium may be unsegmented (e.g., spine), segmented but unbranched (e.g., leading ray) or segmented and branched. Definition of lepidotrichium by Schultze and Arratia (1989: 217). For additional information about lepidotrichia see Arratia et al. 2001 and Arratia 2008.
synonym: "pectoral fin lepidotrichia" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "pectoral fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: VSAO:0000172 ! lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of UBERON:0010710 ! pectoral fin skeleton

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000176
name: anal fin lepidotrichium
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Lepidotrichium that is part of the anal fin skeleton." [TAO:curator]
synonym: "anal fin lepidotrichia" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "anal fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: VSAO:0000172 ! lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of VSAO:0000166 ! anal fin skeleton

[Term]
id: VSAO:0000177
name: dorsal fin lepidotrichium
namespace: vertebrate_skeletal_anatomy
def: "Lepidotrichium that is part of the dorsal fin skeleton." [TAO:curator]
synonym: "dorsal fin lepidotrichia" EXACT PLURAL []
synonym: "dorsal fin ray" EXACT []
is_a: VSAO:0000172 ! lepidotrichium
relationship: part_of VSAO:0000168 ! dorsal fin skeleton

[Typedef]
id: anterior_to
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: anteriorly_connected_to
is_a: BSPO:0000099
is_a: connected_to
is_a: transitively_anteriorly_connected_to

[Typedef]
id: composed_primarily_of
is_a: has_part

[Typedef]
id: connected_to
is_a: transitively_connected_to

[Typedef]
id: develops_from
is_transitive: true
is_a: has_developmental_contribution_from

[Typedef]
id: develops_into
inverse_of: develops_from

[Typedef]
id: distally_connected_to
is_a: connected_to
is_a: proximal_to
inverse_of: proximally_connected_to

[Typedef]
id: has_developmental_contribution_from
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: has_integral_part
inverse_of: integral_part_of

[Typedef]
id: has_muscle_insertion
is_a: attaches_to

[Typedef]
id: has_muscle_origin
is_a: attaches_to

[Typedef]
id: has_part
is_transitive: true
inverse_of: part_of

[Typedef]
id: in_deep_part_of
is_a: part_of

[Typedef]
id: in_distal_side_of
inverse_of: in_proximal_side_of

[Typedef]
id: in_left_side_of
is_a: part_of

[Typedef]
id: in_right_side_of
is_a: part_of

[Typedef]
id: in_superficial_part_of
is_a: part_of

[Typedef]
id: integral_part_of
is_reflexive: true
is_transitive: true
is_a: part_of

[Typedef]
id: part_of
is_transitive: true

[Typedef]
id: proximally_connected_to
is_a: connected_to
is_a: distal_to
is_a: transitively_proximally_connected_to

[Typedef]
id: surrounds
inverse_of: surrounded_by

[Typedef]
id: transformation_of
is_transitive: true